Shortest Subarray with Sum at Least K
<p>Given an integer array <code>nums</code> and an integer <code>k</code>, return <em>the length of the shortest non-empty <strong>subarray</strong> of </em><code>nums</code><em> with a sum of at least </em><code>k</code>. If there is no such <strong>subarray</strong>, return <code>-1</code>.</p>

<p>A <strong>subarray</strong> is a <strong>contiguous</strong> part of an array.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre><strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1], k = 1
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
</pre><p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre><strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,2], k = 4
<strong>Output:</strong> -1
</pre><p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre><strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,-1,2], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>-10<sup>5</sup> &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
</ul>
Queue; Array; Binary Search; Prefix Sum; Sliding Window; Monotonic Queue; Heap (Priority Queue)
class Solution {
public:
    int shortestSubarray(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        int n = nums.size();
        vector<long> s(n + 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) s[i + 1] = s[i] + nums[i];
        deque<int> q;
        int ans = n + 1;
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {
            while (!q.empty() && s[i] - s[q.front()] >= k) {
                ans = min(ans, i - q.front());
                q.pop_front();
            }
            while (!q.empty() && s[q.back()] >= s[i]) q.pop_back();
            q.push_back(i);
        }
        return ans > n ? -1 : ans;
    }
};