Number of Ways of Cutting a Pizza
<p>Given a rectangular pizza represented as a <code>rows x cols</code>&nbsp;matrix containing the following characters: <code>&#39;A&#39;</code> (an apple) and <code>&#39;.&#39;</code> (empty cell) and given the integer <code>k</code>. You have to cut the pizza into <code>k</code> pieces using <code>k-1</code> cuts.&nbsp;</p>

<p>For each cut you choose the direction: vertical or horizontal, then you choose a cut position at the cell boundary and cut the pizza into two pieces. If you cut the pizza vertically, give the left part of the pizza to a person. If you cut the pizza horizontally, give the upper part of the pizza to a person. Give the last piece of pizza to the last person.</p>

<p><em>Return the number of ways of cutting the pizza such that each piece contains <strong>at least</strong> one apple.&nbsp;</em>Since the answer can be a huge number, return this modulo 10^9 + 7.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<p><strong><img alt="" src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/doocs/leetcode@main/solution/1400-1499/1444.Number%20of%20Ways%20of%20Cutting%20a%20Pizza/images/ways_to_cut_apple_1.png" style="width: 500px; height: 378px;" /></strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> pizza = [&quot;A..&quot;,&quot;AAA&quot;,&quot;...&quot;], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 3 
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The figure above shows the three ways to cut the pizza. Note that pieces must contain at least one apple.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> pizza = [&quot;A..&quot;,&quot;AA.&quot;,&quot;...&quot;], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> pizza = [&quot;A..&quot;,&quot;A..&quot;,&quot;...&quot;], k = 1
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= rows, cols &lt;= 50</code></li>
	<li><code>rows ==&nbsp;pizza.length</code></li>
	<li><code>cols ==&nbsp;pizza[i].length</code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= 10</code></li>
	<li><code>pizza</code> consists of characters <code>&#39;A&#39;</code>&nbsp;and <code>&#39;.&#39;</code> only.</li>
</ul>
Memoization; Array; Dynamic Programming; Matrix; Prefix Sum
class Solution:
    def ways(self, pizza: List[str], k: int) -> int:
        @cache
        def dfs(i: int, j: int, k: int) -> int:
            if k == 0:
                return int(s[m][n] - s[i][n] - s[m][j] + s[i][j] > 0)
            ans = 0
            for x in range(i + 1, m):
                if s[x][n] - s[i][n] - s[x][j] + s[i][j] > 0:
                    ans += dfs(x, j, k - 1)
            for y in range(j + 1, n):
                if s[m][y] - s[i][y] - s[m][j] + s[i][j] > 0:
                    ans += dfs(i, y, k - 1)
            return ans % mod

        mod = 10**9 + 7
        m, n = len(pizza), len(pizza[0])
        s = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(m + 1)]
        for i, row in enumerate(pizza, 1):
            for j, c in enumerate(row, 1):
                s[i][j] = s[i - 1][j] + s[i][j - 1] - s[i - 1][j - 1] + int(c == 'A')
        return dfs(0, 0, k - 1)
