Count Unguarded Cells in the Grid
<p>You are given two integers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code> representing a <strong>0-indexed</strong> <code>m x n</code> grid. You are also given two 2D integer arrays <code>guards</code> and <code>walls</code> where <code>guards[i] = [row<sub>i</sub>, col<sub>i</sub>]</code> and <code>walls[j] = [row<sub>j</sub>, col<sub>j</sub>]</code> represent the positions of the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> guard and <code>j<sup>th</sup></code> wall respectively.</p>

<p>A guard can see <b>every</b> cell in the four cardinal directions (north, east, south, or west) starting from their position unless <strong>obstructed</strong> by a wall or another guard. A cell is <strong>guarded</strong> if there is <strong>at least</strong> one guard that can see it.</p>

<p>Return<em> the number of unoccupied cells that are <strong>not</strong> <strong>guarded</strong>.</em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/doocs/leetcode@main/solution/2200-2299/2257.Count%20Unguarded%20Cells%20in%20the%20Grid/images/example1drawio2.png" style="width: 300px; height: 204px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> m = 4, n = 6, guards = [[0,0],[1,1],[2,3]], walls = [[0,1],[2,2],[1,4]]
<strong>Output:</strong> 7
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The guarded and unguarded cells are shown in red and green respectively in the above diagram.
There are a total of 7 unguarded cells, so we return 7.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/doocs/leetcode@main/solution/2200-2299/2257.Count%20Unguarded%20Cells%20in%20the%20Grid/images/example2drawio.png" style="width: 200px; height: 201px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> m = 3, n = 3, guards = [[1,1]], walls = [[0,1],[1,0],[2,1],[1,2]]
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The unguarded cells are shown in green in the above diagram.
There are a total of 4 unguarded cells, so we return 4.
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= m, n &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>2 &lt;= m * n &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= guards.length, walls.length &lt;= 5 * 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>2 &lt;= guards.length + walls.length &lt;= m * n</code></li>
	<li><code>guards[i].length == walls[j].length == 2</code></li>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= row<sub>i</sub>, row<sub>j</sub> &lt; m</code></li>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= col<sub>i</sub>, col<sub>j</sub> &lt; n</code></li>
	<li>All the positions in <code>guards</code> and <code>walls</code> are <strong>unique</strong>.</li>
</ul>
Array; Matrix; Simulation
class Solution {
    public int countUnguarded(int m, int n, int[][] guards, int[][] walls) {
        int[][] g = new int[m][n];
        for (var e : guards) {
            g[e[0]][e[1]] = 2;
        }
        for (var e : walls) {
            g[e[0]][e[1]] = 2;
        }
        int[] dirs = {-1, 0, 1, 0, -1};
        for (var e : guards) {
            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                int x = e[0], y = e[1];
                int a = dirs[k], b = dirs[k + 1];
                while (x + a >= 0 && x + a < m && y + b >= 0 && y + b < n && g[x + a][y + b] < 2) {
                    x += a;
                    y += b;
                    g[x][y] = 1;
                }
            }
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for (var row : g) {
            for (int v : row) {
                if (v == 0) {
                    ++ans;
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}