Minimum Insertion Steps to Make a String Palindrome
<p>Given a string <code>s</code>. In one step you can insert any character at any index of the string.</p>

<p>Return <em>the minimum number of steps</em> to make <code>s</code>&nbsp;palindrome.</p>

<p>A&nbsp;<b>Palindrome String</b>&nbsp;is one that reads the same backward as well as forward.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;zzazz&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The string &quot;zzazz&quot; is already palindrome we do not need any insertions.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;mbadm&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> String can be &quot;mbdadbm&quot; or &quot;mdbabdm&quot;.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;leetcode&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> 5
<strong>Explanation:</strong> Inserting 5 characters the string becomes &quot;leetcodocteel&quot;.
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= s.length &lt;= 500</code></li>
	<li><code>s</code> consists of lowercase English letters.</li>
</ul>
String; Dynamic Programming
class Solution {
public:
    int minInsertions(string s) {
        int n = s.size();
        int f[n][n];
        memset(f, -1, sizeof(f));
        function<int(int, int)> dfs = [&](int i, int j) -> int {
            if (i >= j) {
                return 0;
            }
            if (f[i][j] != -1) {
                return f[i][j];
            }
            int ans = 1 << 30;
            if (s[i] == s[j]) {
                ans = dfs(i + 1, j - 1);
            } else {
                ans = min(dfs(i + 1, j), dfs(i, j - 1)) + 1;
            }
            return f[i][j] = ans;
        };
        return dfs(0, n - 1);
    }
};