Pseudo-Palindromic Paths in a Binary Tree
<p>Given a binary tree where node values are digits from 1 to 9. A path in the binary tree is said to be <strong>pseudo-palindromic</strong> if at least one permutation of the node values in the path is a palindrome.</p>

<p><em>Return the number of <strong>pseudo-palindromic</strong> paths going from the root node to leaf nodes.</em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/doocs/leetcode@main/solution/1400-1499/1457.Pseudo-Palindromic%20Paths%20in%20a%20Binary%20Tree/images/palindromic_paths_1.png" style="width: 300px; height: 201px;" /></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> root = [2,3,1,3,1,null,1]
<strong>Output:</strong> 2 
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The figure above represents the given binary tree. There are three paths going from the root node to leaf nodes: the red path [2,3,3], the green path [2,1,1], and the path [2,3,1]. Among these paths only red path and green path are pseudo-palindromic paths since the red path [2,3,3] can be rearranged in [3,2,3] (palindrome) and the green path [2,1,1] can be rearranged in [1,2,1] (palindrome).
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<p><strong><img alt="" src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/doocs/leetcode@main/solution/1400-1499/1457.Pseudo-Palindromic%20Paths%20in%20a%20Binary%20Tree/images/palindromic_paths_2.png" style="width: 300px; height: 314px;" /></strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> root = [2,1,1,1,3,null,null,null,null,null,1]
<strong>Output:</strong> 1 
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The figure above represents the given binary tree. There are three paths going from the root node to leaf nodes: the green path [2,1,1], the path [2,1,3,1], and the path [2,1]. Among these paths only the green path is pseudo-palindromic since [2,1,1] can be rearranged in [1,2,1] (palindrome).
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> root = [9]
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>The number of nodes in the tree is in the range <code>[1, 10<sup>5</sup>]</code>.</li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= Node.val &lt;= 9</code></li>
</ul>
Bit Manipulation; Tree; Depth-First Search; Breadth-First Search; Binary Tree
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public int pseudoPalindromicPaths(TreeNode root) {
        return dfs(root, 0);
    }

    private int dfs(TreeNode root, int mask) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        mask ^= 1 << root.val;
        if (root.left == null && root.right == null) {
            return (mask & (mask - 1)) == 0 ? 1 : 0;
        }
        return dfs(root.left, mask) + dfs(root.right, mask);
    }
}