t. schweinfurthii; patterns unique to the Mahale population; customary patterns unique to many individuals of M group chimpanzees; habitual patterns limited to a few individuals of M group; rare patterns observed only in a single individual. The class of behavioral category outlined above to which each behavioral pattern belongs will not be conclusively clear until extensive research and comparison is done across many groups of local populations. However, a preliminary estimate can be made for some of the best-known patterns; for example, few would deny that groom was in the behavioral repertoire of the LCA. In such cases, we put, in the column termed Category after each behavioral patterns description. Studies of the behavioral patterns of Homo sapiens and bonobo have been published, although to a lesser extent