important because they are the seeds or origins of local culture. Fifth, in which domains are local behavioral differences most remarkable? This should be addressed if we want to infer the evolutionary origins of human culture. The extent of local differences has not been well-investigated, except for tool use, partly because most study-sites of chimpanzees lack a detailed ethogram. As new research sites have been opened, new behavioral patterns have been reported one after another, such as digging in the ground with implements or penetrating it with perforating tools. In order to know the most variable domains, however, we need for the full range of behavioral patterns to be illuminated, despite the continuing attractiveness of tool use. It may be that social behavior shows more local and individual