Goodall, Richard Wrangham, and I, do not regret that they have dedicated their whole lives to the study of wild chimpanzees. This is because the apes behavior is always challenging: chimpanzees are cheerful, charming, playful, curious, beautiful, easygoing, generous, tolerant, and trustworthy most of the time, but also are cautious, cunning, ugly, violent, ferocious, bloodthirsty, greedy, and disloyal at other times. We human beings share both the light and dark sides with our closest living relatives. For decades, we have documented huge across-population variation in behavior, as well as within-population variation. Cultural biology, as proposed 0 years ago by Kinji Imanishi, recently has flourished. However, until now there has been no extensive glossary with illustrations, upon which systematic behavioral comparison could be based. In addition to fellow field