follow conventional usage and list terms by alphabetical order, then groom and selfgroom would be placed many pages apart from each other although they designate the same motor pattern. To avoid such inconsistency, conventional terms were rearranged so that the action was emphasized, and this policy of neologism was consistent with the verb first principle outlined above. Three-letter representations of behavioral patterns are useful in recording activities quickly and for displaying them economically in illustrations. Accordingly, we borrowed from Plooij when the appropriate abbreviation was available, but because Plooijs ethogram concerned mostly mother-infant behaviors, most of our abbreviations were new. Goodalls glossary descriptions were reproduced in the explanation of terms, if the behavioral patterns were the same as those seen at Mahale. The category numbers of used in