males and females, and courtship pattern to estrous female by juvenile or older infant males. Older juvenile male once threw 1-m stick from distance of 8 m while pant-grunting to adult male. Bonobos throw branch forward at end of branch-dragging display. See video. throw dry leaves In dry season, males of Mahale run, pick up pile of dry leaves from ground, and hurl them by hand. Occurs most frequently at climax or onset of T 188 thrust charging display, but also during pant-grunting. Juvenile male throws dry leaves as solo play while traveling. Not used in courtship. Absent in bonobos of Wamba. See video. throw fruit against rock At Gombe, throw hard-shelled fruit against rock or tree trunk to crack it open. Plooijs Banging. Absent at Mahale although