 it led to this perverse outcome where the for the markets it became very much uh almost uh a one-way street and risk was socialized and after that we've seen the expansion take place much more dramatically uh most controversially was uh the actions during the global financial crisis where the fed intervened heavily in the markets it did something called quantitative easing but to me even if that was justified because even in the midst of a crisis what was far more troubling