text:  You can defer the taxes until you take it out, or pay the taxes up front, and then eventually get all the money tax-free when you take it out, such as a Roth. And then you have to look at the different underlying investments. And Prashant, I don't know if you've had people ask this question before, but they don't realize that they can own the exact same investments in all three different types of accounts. Pre-tax, post-tax, and then non-qualified accounts, meaning non-retirement accounts as well, too.