text:  At first, I started measuring mostly smartphone addiction, right? What kind of signals and how many people are addicted? And most importantly, what are the negative outcomes of that addiction? Well, really right now, it's the biggest hurdle that we have as college professors, getting people to just not to be distracted. Roberts is one of the earliest smartphone addiction researchers, and he's looked at everything from TikTok's instant gratification appeal to the effects of phone snubbing. As we chatted, I kept thinking, am I addicted to my phone?