abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effects of smoking reduction and smoking cessation on incidence of @entity2 after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with record linkage to mortality and hospital registers. The association of individual change in smoking with @entity2 was examined in Cox proportional hazard analyses with continuous heavy smokers (> or =5 cigarettes/day) as reference. SETTING: Pooled data from three population studies conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark. @entity0 : 10 956 @entity0 and 8467 @entity0 with complete information on smoking habits at two examinations five to ten years apart were followed up from the second examination for a first hospital admission or death from @entity2 . Mean duration of follow up was 13.8 years. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 643 @entity0 who were heavy smokers at baseline reduced their daily @entity1 consumption by at least 50% without quitting between first and second examination, and 1379 @entity0 stopped smoking. During follow up 1658 @entity0 and 521 @entity0 experienced a fatal or non-fatal @entity2 . After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, @entity0 who stopped smoking had a decreased risk of @entity2 , hazard ratio 0.71 (95% confidence intervals 0.59 to 0.85). Smoking reduction was not associated with reduced risk of @entity2 , hazard ratio 1.15 (95% confidence intervals 0.94 to 1.40). These associations remained unchanged after controlling for baseline illness in different ways. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation in healthy @entity0 reduces the risk of a subsequent @entity2 , whereas this study provides no evidence of benefit from reduction in the amount smoked.

title: Smoking reduction, smoking cessation, and incidence of fatal and non-fatal XXXX in Denmark 1976-1998: a pooled cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently, we reported that small renal arteries, defined by a low @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ), are independently associated with a low GFR, resistant @entity3 , and onset of contrast-induced @entity1 and suggested a post-hoc analysis of CORAL trial based on @entity8 categories. Here we hypothesized that @entity8 and @entity7 are markers of nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors and tested whether low @entity8 and @entity7 could impact the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Prospective cohort study. We used proportional hazards models to analyze the first onset of @entity2 in relation with @entity8 , @entity7 , or percentage of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in those with low-to-moderate @entity6 (10-70%) (n = 181). RESULTS: During the median follow-up of 4.5 (range, 0.1-5) years, 27.8% @entity0 (n = 623; mean age, 64 years; 29% @entity0 ) experienced a cardiovascular event (35.4% in those with @entity6 10-70%). The presence of low-to-moderate @entity6 was associated with @entity2 . In these subjects, those with low @entity7 were associated with a higher risk of @entity2 ( @entity7 >4.2 mm, HR: 1; @entity7 3.2-4.2 mm, HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 0.74-3.72, p = 0.22; @entity7 <3.2 mm, HR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.65-8.40, p = 0.002). When @entity7 was added to a standard risk-factor model, risk prediction improvement was by 4.1%. RESULTS were qualitatively similar if @entity7 was replaced by @entity8 or percentage of @entity5 , but with smaller improvement of risk prediction and model fit. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 and low-to-moderate @entity6 , @entity7 is a significant predictor of @entity2 , improves risk prediction, and may represent a valuable biomarker of @entity2 risk.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Non-hemodynamically significant @entity6 predicts XXXX in @entity0 with @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report on two @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), with emphasis on its pulmonary manifestations. The first @entity0 was a 6-year-old @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 at 5 years of age. The @entity2 first observed at age 3 years and included streaky densities with accentuated vascular markings detected by chest radiography. The @entity0 had persistent abnormalities on follow-up chest radiographs. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans showed @entity3 . The second @entity0 was a 10-year-old @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 at age 4 years. Chest radiography and CT scans showed patchy and streaky densities intermixed with small bullae, which were interpreted as @entity1 with post-inflammatory pneumatoceles. The @entity0 developed diffuse enlargement of air spaces of the lungs at age 10 years with severe respiratory compromise. Although pulmonary manifestations in @entity4 are uncommon, recognition of @entity2 and the presentation of enlarged air spaces in the lungs at an earlier age are important for accurate diagnosis. The plain radiograph findings of accentuated vascular markings seen in @entity0 with @entity4 may appear similar to interstitial or chronic @entity1 . This report emphasizes the features of lung involvement in @entity0 with @entity4 and suggests that specific attention be paid to pulmonary manifestations using chest CT scans.    2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: Pulmonary manifestations in @entity4 : pulmonary varicosities and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: L-type @entity3 channels can modulate neuronal transduction in the spinal cord. However, their role in noxious information processing in animals that are physiologically intact has not been elucidated. We evaluated the effects of L-type @entity3 channel blockers @entity6 and @entity4 on somatic and visceral nociception at the level of the spinal cord. Intrathecal catheters were inserted at the L4-5 level in @entity1 . The tail flick (TF) test and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) test were used to assess somatic and visceral antinociceptive effects, respectively. Motor function was assessed by posture and muscle tone in the limbs. TF latency and @entity0 threshold were measured before and for 180 min after the intrathecal administration of @entity4 (50, 100, 300, and 500 microg), @entity6 (100, 300, 500, and 1000 microg), or isotonic @entity5 solution. The percent maximal possible effect (%MPE) was calculated by transforming response threshold in TF and @entity0 tests. Intrathecally administered @entity6 or @entity4 increased both TF latency and @entity0 threshold in a dose-dependent fashion. Isotonic @entity5 solution, @entity6 100 microg, and @entity4 50 microg did not increase %MPE in either test. @entity6 300 or 500 microg or @entity4 300 or 500 microg significantly (P < 0.05) increased %MPE, with the peak effects 5 min after administration and short-duration antinociception. %MPE was 100% until 15 min after the administration of @entity6 1000 microg, and significant antinociception continued until 180 min in the TF test. Motor paralysis was observed after the administration of the larger dose of each drug. We demonstrated that intrathecally administered L-type @entity3 channel blockers @entity6 or @entity4 produced both somatic and visceral antinociception and motor block dose-dependently. IMPLICATIONS: We examined the effects of intrathecally administered L-type @entity3 channel blockers @entity6 and @entity4 on somatic and visceral nociception in @entity1 . L-type @entity3 channel blockers produced antinociceptive effects, suggesting a possible clinical application to control @entity2 .

title: Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal L-type XXXX channel blockers on visceral and somatic stimuli in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have recently reported the potent @entity5 effects of side-chain @entity6 -bridged analogues of @entity0 calcitonin (hCT) (Kapurniotu, A.; et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 1999, 265, 606-618). To extend these studies, we have now synthesized a new series of ( @entity4 (17), Lys(21)) and ( @entity4 (17), Orn(21)) side-chain bridged salmon calcitonin (sCT) and hCT analogues. The affinities of these analogues for the @entity0 calcitonin receptor, hCTR(I1)(-), and for @entity1 -brain membrane receptors were assayed in competitive binding assays, and agonist potencies at the hCTR(I1)(-) receptors were assessed, using a @entity2 -responsive gene-reporter assay. The bridged sCT analogues had activities similar to sCT itself. In contrast, an ( @entity4 (17), Orn(21)) side-chain bridged hCT analogue, cyclo(17-21)-[Nle(8), @entity3 (12), @entity4 (17), Orn,(21) Tyr(22))-hCT, was 80 and 450 times more active than hCT in the hCTR(I1)(-) and @entity1 -brain receptor binding assays, respectively, and was 90 times more potent than hCT and 16 times more potent than sCT in initiating receptor signaling. An uncyclized, isosteric analogue of this peptide was also more potent than hCT, demonstrating that the cyclization constraint and these single-residue substitutions enhance the activities of hCT in an additive fashion. This study demonstrates that the potency-enhancing effects of @entity6 -bridge constraints at hCT residues 17-21 are not transferable to sCT. We also show that, in comparison to the hCT analogues, sCT and its analogues are less potent agonists than expected from their hCTR(I1)(-) affinities. This suggests that it may be possible to preserve the efficient signal transduction of hCT while introducing additional receptor affinity-enhancing elements from sCT into our potent @entity6 -bridged hCT analogue, thereby creating new super-potent, hCT-based agonists.

title: Side-chain @entity6 -bridge conformational constraints differentiate the activities of salmon and XXXX calcitonins and reveal a new design concept for potent calcitonin analogues.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of early molecular pathway changes may be useful as biomarkers for @entity1 response/resistance prediction, and here we provide direct in vivo proof of this concept. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor ( @entity6 ) has been implicated in various aspects of @entity3 development and @entity0 . We show here that, in @entity2 intestinal @entity3 acutely exposed to a small molecular inhibitor of @entity8 ( @entity5 ), there is concurrent suppression of @entity8 downstream signalling and induction of IGF signalling. We therefore tested the hypothesis that blockade of @entity8 signalling was being tempered by compensatory activation of the IGF pathway by examining the effect of chronic suppression of @entity6 using @entity9 , a small molecular @entity4 kinase inhibitor of @entity6 . METHODS: Male Apc(min/+) @entity2 with an @entity1 burden were exposed to a single dose of an inhibitor against @entity8 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 ( @entity9 ), 0.5% @entity7 or combined @entity8 / @entity6 inhibitor and culled 4   h post dosing. @entity1 tissue was analysed to detect the early molecular pathways induced and anti- @entity1 phenotypic changes. Cohorts of male Apc(min/+) @entity2 (n=15-17) were subsequently treated with @entity5 for a period of 8 weeks and subsequently exposed to single (either @entity5 or @entity9 ) or combined ( @entity5 and @entity9 ) therapy. We also included a vehicle-treated cohort, which was never exposed to @entity5 and became symptomatic of the disease by day 150. RESULTS: Both single treatments delayed the onset of disease symptoms. Combined dosing with @entity5 and @entity9 similarly delayed the onset of symptoms, and at 200 days suppressed small intestinal tumourigenesis more effectively than either treatment alone (median small intestinal @entity3 volume (47   mm(3) (comb) vs 248   mm(3) ( @entity9 ), P=0.0003 and 47   mm(3) (comb) vs 123   mm(3) ( @entity5 ), P=0.0042, Mann-Whitney (two-sided) test). CONCLUSION: Our data provide evidence in support of the use of combinatorial therapy, and establishes the need to further define the precise benefit in vivo.

title: Dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like 1 growth factor receptors reduce intestinal @entity3 burden in the Apc(min/+) XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma ( @entity3 ) can provide an assortment of growth factors, but how @entity3 effects bone regeneration is still unknown. The aim of the study was to explore an optimal method of using @entity3 and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). METHODS: An in vitro experiment was first conducted to determine an appropriate quantity of @entity3 . BMSCs were cultured with @entity3 of different concentrations to assess cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Following the in vitro study, a @entity0 femoral @entity1 model was used. Five collagen mixtures consisting of different concentrations of @entity3 and BMSCs were prepared as follows, i) BMSCs and @entity3 (platelet 20 x 10(4)/  l), ii) BMSCs and @entity3 (platelet 100 x 10(4)/  l), iii) BMSCs and @entity3 (platelet 500 x 10(4)/  l), iv) BMSCs, and v) @entity3 group (platelet 100 x 10(4)/  l), were used to fill defect. New bone formation was evaluated by soft X- @entity2 and histologic analyses were performed at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: The cell proliferation increased @entity3 concentration-dependently. Cellular alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in moderate concentration than high or low concentration group's in vitro study. In vivo study, the bone fill percentage of newly formed bone in BMSCs and @entity3 (platelet 100 x 10(4)/  l) was 46.9% at 8 weeks and increased significantly compared with other groups. CONCLUSION: BMSCs with moderate level of @entity3 significantly enhanced bone formation in comparison with BMSCs or @entity3 transplant in a @entity0 femoral defect model.

title: The Bone Regeneration Using Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Moderate Concentration Platelet-Rich Plasma in Femoral Segmental Defect of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are responsible for the transmission of protozoan parasites that cause @entity1 . They are found predominantly in forests, but some species exploit environments that have been subject to deforestation and subsequent @entity0 colonization. Studies conducted in Brazil over the past 30 years show that some species are adapting to peri-urban and urban settings. We evaluated sand @entity2 diversity and abundance in the rural settlement of Rio Pardo, Presidente Figueiredo Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil. Settlement households were divided into four categories. These categories were determined by the @entity0 population density and the degree of deforestation in the immediate area. We used CDC light traps to sample the area surrounding 24 households (6 households in each category). Samples were taken on six occasions during September-November 2009 and June-August 2010. A total of 3074 sand @entity2 specimens were collected, including 1163 females and 1911 males. These were classified into 13 genera and 52 species. The greatest abundance of sand flies and the greatest richness of species were observed in areas where @entity0 population density was highest. Our results show that changes in the @entity0 occupancy and vegetation management in rural settlements may affect the population dynamics and distribution of sand @entity2 species, thereby affecting the local transmission of @entity3 .

title: Anthropic effects on sand XXXX (Diptera: Psychodidae) abundance and diversity in an Amazonian rural settlement, Brazil.

answer: @entity2


abstract: QUESTIIONS UNDER STUDY/PRINCIPLES: To assess the usefulness of several laboratory and radiological investigations for the limping @entity0 with suspected transient @entity2 of the hip. METHODS: The medical records of @entity0 admitted at our @entity0 's hospital for nontraumatic @entity1 between 1999 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. During the study period, all @entity0 without a definite diagnosis after routine investigations in the emergency department were admitted and a specific work-up including antinuclear antibodies titre, rheumatoid factor, antistreptolysin O titre, Lyme disease serology and hip ultrasonography were obtained. @entity0 were systematically re-evaluated 6 weeks after hospital discharge, with a clinical examination and radiological hip views. @entity0 were diagnosed with transient @entity2 of the hip if an ultrasound-confirmed hip effusion was present at time of admission, complete resolution of symptoms occurred without any specific treatment, and no other pathology of the hip was identified during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 417 cases without definite diagnosis were admitted and were submitted to a specific work-up. Transient @entity2 of the hip was subsequently diagnosed in 383 @entity0 , @entity4 in 1 @entity0 , and @entity3 in 1 @entity0 . Thirty-two @entity0 remained without diagnosis. No rheumatological condition was found. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that most investigations performed during the initial work-up in @entity0 suspected transient @entity2 of the hip are unnecessary and should routinely include only.

title: Transient XXXX of the hip: which investigations are truly useful?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous @entity3 injection ( @entity5 ) and percutaneous @entity4 injection (PAI) are effective in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We conducted a prospective study to compare the therapeutic efficacy of both these methods. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity0 were treated by PAI using 50% @entity4 and 62 by @entity5 using pure @entity3 . There were no significant baseline differences in age, sex, @entity0 -Pugh class, @entity1 size and number, or other clinico-biochemical parameters between the two groups. RESULTS: During a follow-up period of 24 +/- 9 (range 6-38) months, 19 (30%) of the PAI group and 21 (34%) of the @entity5 group died (P = 0.704). The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 84% and 51% for the PAI group and 81% and 46% for the @entity5 group (P = 0.651). The corresponding @entity1 recurrence rates were 51% and 74% for the PAI group, and 54% and 64% for the @entity5 group (P = 0.787). The treatment sessions were 3.9 +/- 1.6 and 6.2 +/- 2.3 for the PAI and @entity5 groups, respectively, in each treatment cycle (P = 0.008). A multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model revealed that ascites (relative risk (RR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-6.3, P = 0.002), large (>3 cm) or multinodular HCCs (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.4, P = 0.04), and development of @entity1 recurrence (RR 7.0, 95% CI 3.1-16.0, P < 0.001) were independent, poor prognostic factors in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: PAI and @entity5 are equally effective in the treatment of @entity2 . PAI has the advantage of fewer treatment sessions in each treatment course. Careful pretreatment @entity0 selection may improve survival.

title: Comparison of percutaneous XXXX injection and percutaneous @entity3 injection for @entity2 in cirrhotic @entity0 : a prospective study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Shoot regeneration in calli derived from immature @entity0 embryos is regulated by light conditions during the callus-induction period. @entity0 cultivars Kanto Nijo-5 (KN5) and K-3 (K3) showed lower efficiency of shoot regeneration in a 16-h photoperiod during callus-induction than those in continuous darkness, whereas shoot regeneration was enhanced in cultures under a 16-h photoperiod in Golden Promise (GP) and Lenins (LN). These cultivars were classified as photo-inhibition type (KN5 and K3) or photo-induction type (GP and LN) according to their response to light. Contents of endogenous plant hormones were determined in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod and continuous darkness. In photo-inhibition type, higher accumulation of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) was detected in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod, whereas calli showed lower levels of endogenous @entity2 in continuous darkness. However, cultivars of photo-induction type showed lower levels of @entity2 in calli cultured under both light conditions, similarly to photo-inhibition type in continuous darkness. Exogenous @entity2 inhibited the callus growth and shoot regeneration independent of light conditions in all cultivars. In photo-inhibition type, lower levels of endogenous @entity2 induced by @entity2 biosynthesis inhibitor, @entity3 , reduced the photo-inhibition of shoot regeneration. Expression of @entity2 biosynthesis gene, @entity4 , in calli was regulated by the light conditions. Higher expression was observed in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod. These results indicate that @entity2 biosynthesis could be activated through the higher expression of @entity4 in a 16-h photoperiod and that the higher accumulations of @entity2 inhibit shoot regeneration in the photo-inhibition type cultivars.

title: Light Inhibition of Shoot Regeneration Is Regulated by Endogenous @entity1 Level in Calli Derived from Immature XXXX Embryos.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Several clinical trials have demonstrated that the three-drug combination of @entity3 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity7 (LV) administered chronomodulated improved antitumour efficacy in the treatment of metastatic @entity1 and was better tolerated than constant-rate infusion. However, only a few pharmacokinetic data of @entity5 during chronomodulated infusion are available but up to now not for @entity3 . In this pilot study, the @entity4 levels of plasma ultrafiltrate (PUF) and total plasma were monitored during chronomodulated infusion of @entity3 , @entity5 and LV in 7 @entity0 with metastatic @entity6 . A cycle of the 4-day chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of 12-h infusions with sinusoidal drug delivery rate of: @entity3 (25 mg/m2/d, peak at 16:00 hours), @entity5 and LV (750 mg/m2/d and 150 mg/m2/d, respectively, peak at 4:00 hours), the same scheme was reinitiated on day 15. Blood samples were collected on day 1 and day 4 during different cycles. Concentration-time profiles of ultrafilterable and total @entity4 in plasma during chronomodulated infusion were characterised. As expected, we found residual @entity4 levels in total plasma but not in PUF prior next cycle. Comparing day 1 with day 4, Cmax of @entity4 in PUF was significantly increased (84 +/- 13 ng/ml vs. 131 +/- 22 ng/ml, P = 0.012) as well as AUC0-24h of @entity4 in PUF (0.97 +/- 0.29 microg x h/ml vs. 1.90 +/- 0.44 microg x h/ml, P = 0.018). The same effect was observed for total plasma @entity4 suggesting an accumulation within the cycle. The observed interindividual variability of Cmax, tmax, AUC0-24h, t1/2 was moderate. Because of the small sample size in this pilot investigation, the findings need to be confirmed in larger pharmacokinetic studies. In a next step individual pharmacokinetic parameters should be associated with @entity0 specific parameters and treatment-induced @entity2 .

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX during chronomodulated infusion in metastatic @entity6 @entity0 : a pilot investigation with preliminary results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A phenomenon of the prostate gland, which is also shared by hair follicles, is that it is little influenced by @entity1 (T) for androgenic stimulation, but instead by its metabolite @entity5 ( @entity6 ). By blocking the conversion of T to @entity6 , the circulating level of @entity6 is reduced by 80%, the size of the prostate gland is reduced by about 20% and the level of @entity8 (PSA) by about 50%. Treatment of @entity0 with obstructive @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with the drug @entity4 leads to a moderately improved urinary flow, symptomatic improvement and halts the natural progress of the disease. Since @entity6 potentiates the effect of @entity1 on erectile function, the side-effects are impotence in 3% of @entity0 , decreased ejaculatory volume, and gynaecomastia in 0.4% of @entity0 . The drug could be regarded as a safe way to treat moderately symptomatic @entity7 . The efficacy of the drug is long-lasting (more than 7 years). It has also been tried in @entity2 , but is less effective. It reduces PSA levels by 50% and, in combination therapy, therefore, PSA levels remain low for longer when @entity4 is added. An important finding is the efficacy of @entity4 treatment in haematuria from @entity7 . The drug interacts with vascular endothelium growth factor and efficiently prevents new @entity3 . It could be regarded as a first-line therapy for this type of haematuria. @entity4 can also be used to stop male baldness. It seems particularly effective in @entity0 aged 20-40 years; 85% of @entity0 stopped losing hair when given @entity4 . When the treatment was stopped hair loss continued, thus therapy may have to be "lifelong".

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity7 : an update. New indications for @entity4 therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform an analysis of oral baclofen dosage in @entity0 with traumatic @entity4 over time and to ascertain the clinical determinants of long-term baclofen dosage trends. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of @entity0 records from the PM_R units at the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and the Johns Hopkins Hospital. SUBJECTS: A total of 115 PM_R @entity0 suffering @entity4 due to @entity2 leading to either complete or incomplete @entity3 . The modes of injury included were @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (n=39), gunshot wounds (GSW) (n=55), falls (n=17), diving (n=2), workplace (n=1) and swimming (n=1) accidents. The location of injury in the spinal cord was categorized into either cervical (n=52), thoracic (n=59), lumbar (n=2), or unspecified (n=2). RESULTS: From time of injury, an aggregate of all dosage assignments for each @entity0 demonstrated a significant yearly increase in baclofen dosage (1.26mg/year, p  <0.01). Baclofen dosage for @entity1 cases were seen to rise at 4.99mg/year (p  <0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that GSW @entity0 received their first baclofen dosage earlier than @entity1 @entity0 (log-rank p  <0.05, unadjusted). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a marginal increase in baclofen dosage over nearly 25 years in a single provider's @entity0 database and observed different timings of first dose between two causes of traumatic SCI. These results provide an estimate of baclofen dosage trends over time after @entity4 and may be useful for @entity0 counseling or as a method to assess costs of providing SCI @entity0 care.

title: Baclofen dosage after traumatic XXXX : A multi-decade retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Lung Screening Trial showed a reduction in overall and cancer-specific mortality for @entity0 screened with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) versus chest radiograph. Some question whether this can be achieved in community healthcare settings. Our aim was to analyze @entity1 screening outcomes and administered radiation dose using LDCT scans at a community hospital. @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 680 @entity0 who underwent LDCT between June 2014 and December 2015, and who met Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services @entity1 screening criteria: asymptomatic, aged 55 to 77 years, smoked within the last 15 years, and  >=  30 pack-year history. Effective and absorbed doses were calculated and correlated with gender and body mass index. RESULTS: Among the 133 @entity0 (19.6%) with a positive screening result (Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System score of 3 or 4), 18 @entity1 were identified in 16 @entity0 , 56.3% (9 of 16) of which were stage I @entity2 . The false-positive rate was 82.8% (95% confidence interval, 73.6%-89.8%). Mean estimated effective dose using dose length product and size-specific dose estimate using water equivalent diameter were 1.2 @entity3 and 3.7 mGy for @entity0 and 1.4 @entity3 and 3.9 mGy for @entity0 , respectively. All dosing metrics were strongly correlated with body mass index (P  < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Over half of screening @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 in our community had stage I disease, which we anticipate translating into significantly improved mortality. @entity0 radiation dose from LDCT scans is approximately one-fifth that from standard CT chest examinations.

title: Early Results of XXXX Screening and Radiation Dose Assessment by Low-dose CT at a Community Hospital.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined the effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity6 and the beta-blocker @entity5 on dilator responses of cerebral arterioles in chronic @entity2 . Dilator responses to acute @entity3 were examined in untreated @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKY) and @entity1 -prone spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 (SHRSP) that were untreated or treated for 3 months with a low (0.3 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) or a high (2 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) dose of @entity6 or a dose of @entity5 (250 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) alone or in combination with the low dose of @entity6 . Pressure (servo-null) and diameter were measured in cerebral arterioles during acute reductions in arterial pressure both before and during maximal dilatation ( @entity4 ). The high dose of @entity6 or the combination of @entity5 and @entity6 normalized cerebral arteriolar pressure (52+/-2 [mean+/-SEM], 49+/-2 mm Hg versus 50+/-2 mm Hg in WKY and 96+/-3 mm Hg in untreated SHRSP; P<0.05). In contrast, the low dose of @entity6 or @entity5 alone did not normalize arteriolar pressure (74+/-2 mm Hg and 58+/-3 mm Hg). Both the low and high doses of @entity6 improved autoregulatory dilatation, maximal dilatation, and dilator reserve of cerebral arterioles in SHRSP, with the low dose of @entity6 being almost as effective as the high dose of @entity6 . @entity5 alone did not significantly improve dilator function of cerebral arterioles. Furthermore, dilator function of cerebral arterioles was not further improved by the addition of @entity5 to the low dose of @entity6 . These findings suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, such as @entity6 , may be more effective than @entity5 in attenuating the impairment of cerebral autoregulatory vasodilatation, maximal dilatation, and dilator reserve during treatment of chronic @entity2 .

title: Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a beta-blocker on cerebral arteriolar dilatation in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND @entity12 is a common subjective complaint that can be the first manifestation of a serious pathology. Here, we report a rare case of midbrain @entity14 involving the lateral subnucleus of the oculomotor nuclear complex presenting as @entity12 , with no other @entity2 manifestations. CASE REPORT An 83-year-old right-handed white @entity0 with past medical history of @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity16 , and @entity11 presented to the emergency department (ED) with @entity12 and @entity10 . Two days prior to admission, the @entity0 woke up with constant horizontal @entity12 and @entity10 , which limited his daily activities and led to a fall at home. He denied any @entity9 , clumsiness, @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity17 , @entity5 , or chills. Ocular exam showed a disconjugate gaze at rest, @entity9 of the left medial rectus muscle, impaired convergence test, and bilateral 3-mm reactive pupils. The @entity12 resolved by closing either eye. The remaining extraocular muscles and other cranial nerves were normal. There was no nystagmus, @entity15 , or @entity6 . Sensation, muscle tone, and strength were normal in all extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a tiny focus of restricted diffusion in the left posterior lateral midbrain. CONCLUSIONS A thorough history and physical examination is essential to diagnose and manage @entity12 . @entity13 is usually thought to be caused by orbital lesions or @entity4 . Here, we report a case of midbrain @entity14 manifested as isolated medial rectus palsy.

title: Isolated Medial Rectus Nuclear Palsy as a Rare Presentation of Midbrain XXXX .

answer: @entity14


abstract: Non-obese @entity1 (NOD) @entity2 spontaneously develop @entity4 to the insulin producing beta cells leading to @entity6 . In this study we developed and used new data analysis and mining approaches on combined proteome and transcriptome (molecular phenotype) data to define pathways affected by abnormalities in peripheral leukocytes of young NOD female @entity2 . Cells were collected before @entity2 show signs of @entity4 (age, 2-4 weeks). We extracted both protein and RNA from NOD and C57BL/6 control @entity2 to conduct both proteome analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and transcriptome analysis on Affymetrix expression arrays. We developed a new approach to analyze the two-dimensional gel proteome data that included two-way analysis of variance, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Lists of differentially expressed proteins and transcripts were subjected to pathway analysis using a commercial service. From the list of 24 proteins differentially expressed between strains we identified two highly significant and interconnected networks centered around oncogenes ( @entity8 and @entity7 ) and apoptosis-related genes ( @entity5 and @entity3 ). The 273 genes with significant strain differences in RNA expression levels created six interconnected networks with a significant over-representation of genes related to @entity0 , cell cycle, and cell death. They contained many of the same genes found in the proteome networks (including @entity8 and @entity7 ). The combination of the eight, highly significant networks created one large network of 272 genes of which 82 had differential expression between strains either at the protein or the RNA level. We conclude that new proteome data analysis strategies and combined information from proteome and transcriptome can enhance the insights gained from either type of data alone. The overall systems biology of prediabetic NOD @entity2 points toward abnormalities in regulation of the opposing processes of cell renewal and cell death even before there are any clear signatures of immune system activation.

title: New data analysis and mining approaches identify unique proteome and transcriptome markers of susceptibility to autoimmune XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report a @entity0 with @entity6 arising from the @entity4 , which caused difficulty in making the differential diagnosis against @entity4 . A 50-year-old @entity0 presented to our institution with @entity2 . An abdominal computed tomography scan (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) study showed a 20-mm @entity1 located in the @entity4 for which malignancy could not be completely ruled out. For the definitive diagnosis and treatment, cholecystectomy was performed. In the operation, the main @entity1 and resection margins of the cystic duct were submitted for frozen section. The @entity1 was composed of a proliferation of lymphoid tissue with no signs of @entity5 . The ductal margin was free of @entity1 . The final histopathological diagnosis was @entity6 , a hyaline vascular variant that developed in the gallbladder. The @entity0 is currently in @entity3 without any signs of recurrence 28  months after the operation. This is the first detailed report of @entity4 . Making a correct diagnosis was very difficult before the operation, and only a surgical approach enabled confirmation of the diagnosis for this @entity0 .

title: XXXX arising from the @entity4 causing difficulty in the differential diagnosis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Biliary and pancreatic juice has been implicated as a cause of regional inflammation or @entity1 after gastric surgery. We studied 38 @entity0 after gastrectomy using a modification of cholescintigraphy (185 mBq 99m-Tc-DESIDA i.v.). As soon as the tracer had reached the duodenum, a dynamic study (30 min, 120 frames) was started. Thereafter a static image of the epigastrium and thorax in the anterior view with more than 1000 cts/cm2 was recorded. This procedure was repeated after a meal. Of 29 @entity0 without complaints only 4 had a reflux into the jejunal loop. By contrast in 7 of 9 @entity0 with suggestive symptoms this examination demonstrated @entity4 which reached the oesophagus in 6 cases. A stenosis of the distal oesophagus prevented @entity2 in one @entity0 . 2 @entity0 with @entity2 had a history of @entity3 and @entity2 confirmed by endoscopy. The remaining 2 @entity0 without demonstrable reflux had neither @entity2 nor radiologically verified reflux. Cholescintigraphy as modified by us may detect clinical relevant @entity4 into the oesophagus. This is important for surgeons selecting @entity0 with potential benefit from a reoperation. Since most @entity0 with complaints after gastrectomy have had demonstrable @entity4 , reflux-reducing surgical techniques should be used in all.

title: [Nuclear medicine demonstration of esophageal XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is little available information on the factors that influence relapses and dropouts during therapy for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The aim of this study was to determine socio-demographic, clinical, personality, and psychopathological predictors of relapse and dropout in a sample of pathological gamblers seeking treatment. A total of 566 consecutive outpatients diagnosed with @entity2 according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were included. All @entity0 underwent an individualized cognitive-behavioral treatment program. We analyzed predictors of relapse during 6months of treatment and during the subsequent 6months of follow-up, and predictors of dropout over the entire therapeutic program. Eighty @entity0 (14.1%) experienced at least one relapse during the entire follow-up of the study: 50 (8.8%) within the treatment period and 12 (2.1%) during the subsequent 6-month follow-up period. The main predictors of relapse were single marital status, spending less than 100 @entity1 /week on gambling, active gambling behavior at treatment inclusion, and high scores on the TCI-R Harm Avoidance personality dimension. One hundred fifty-seven @entity0 (27.8%) missed 3 or more therapeutic sessions over the entire therapeutic program. The main predictors of dropout were single marital status, younger age, and high scores on the TCI-R Novelty Seeking personality dimension. The presence of these factors at inclusion should be taken into account by physicians dealing with @entity2 @entity0 .

title: XXXX : understanding relapses and dropouts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity17 , @entity4 of the optic nerve, is experienced by most @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and is typically characterized by episodes of acute, monocular @entity12 . These episodes of @entity4 can lead to damage or degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the axons of which comprise the optic nerve. @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is a well-established model of @entity1 in which @entity3 are immunized to produce a neuroautoimmunity that recapitulates the cardinal hallmarks of @entity0 disease, namely, @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity6 , spinal cord, and optic nerve. Inflammation-associated oxidative stress plays a key role in promoting @entity10 in @entity15 . However, the role of oxidative stress in @entity17 and the associated @entity8 has not been studied. To address this gap in research, we sought to determine how a deficiency in the master antioxidant transcription factor (using @entity18 [ @entity18 ]-deficient @entity3 ) affects visual pathology in the @entity15 model. METHODS: @entity15 was induced in 8-week-old wild-type (WT) and @entity18 knockout (KO) @entity3 by immunization against the @entity16 ( @entity16 ) peptide antigen. Motor deficits were monitored daily, as was visual acuity using the established functional optokinetic tracking (OKT) assay. @entity3 were euthanized 21 days post-immunization for histological analyses. The optic nerves were paraffin-embedded and stained with @entity13 and @entity14 (H_E) or immune cell type-specific antibodies to analyze inflammatory infiltrates. The retinas were flatmounted and stained with an RGC-specific antibody, and the RGCs were counted to assess @entity7 . T-helper (Th) cell-associated cytokines were measured in spleens with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immune analyses of healthy, non- @entity15 @entity3 were characterized with flow cytometry to assess the baseline immune cell profiles. RESULTS: Female @entity18 KO @entity3 exhibited more severe @entity15 -induced @entity5 compared with female WT @entity3 . In both genders, @entity8 , @entity4 of the optic nerve, and @entity9 in KO @entity3 compared with their strain- and age-matched WT counterparts. @entity8 were primarily present in (and only exacerbated in) one eye of each @entity3 . Excess inflammatory cells within the optic nerves of the KO @entity3 were primarily comprised of T-cells, and greater @entity9 in the KO @entity3 was most prevalent in the central retina compared with the peripheral retina. @entity18 KO spleens exhibited an increased @entity11 - but not Th17-associated immune response. This enhanced pathology in the KO @entity3 was not due to global differences in immune system development between the two genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report that genetic ablation of @entity18 exacerbates @entity8 , @entity4 of the optic nerve, and @entity9 in a @entity3 model of @entity1 , suggesting that @entity18 plays a neuro- and cytoprotective role in @entity15 -associated @entity17 .

title: Loss of XXXX exacerbates the @entity8 and @entity17 elicited by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

answer: @entity18


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical, psychometric, laboratory, and radiologic findings of 6 @entity0 with @entity10 ( @entity10 ) who presented with @entity3 rather than @entity2 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Case series. All @entity0 fulfilled were diagnosed as @entity10 based on the co-occurrence of livedo racemosa and @entity1 . @entity0 presenting with clinical @entity2 were excluded. RESULTS: @entity0 presented with cognitive complaints at an early age and all noted @entity6 from 6 months to 10 years before onset of @entity3 . Associated systemic disorders included @entity4 and @entity8 . Laboratory evidence of a hypercoagulable @entity9 was identified in 4 of 6 cases. Brain MRI scans demonstrated @entity5 , especially in parieto-occipital regions and cerebral blood flow on brain SPECT scan was reduced in a similar distribution. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity10 can develop @entity7 without antecedent clinical @entity2 . While the specific pathogenic mechanism of @entity7 in @entity10 remains speculative, the disease predominantly injures brain tissue in vascular "watershed" territories.

title: XXXX : a cause of @entity3 in young adults.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Psoralen plus ultraviolet A irradiation (PUVA) has immunomodulatory effects and is used to treat a variety of immune-mediated @entity1 . We administered PUVA to 103 @entity0 for treatment of @entity4 -resistant @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of the skin. Twenty-nine @entity0 had related donors (12 HLA-mismatched) and 74 had unrelated donors (23 HLA-mismatched). The median onset of @entity6 was day 13 after transplantation, and the median onset of PUVA treatment was day 46. PUVA was administered as secondary therapy for 86 @entity0 and tertiary therapy or greater for 17 @entity0 . The median number of treatments was 16, and the mean cumulative exposure was 41 J/cm2. PUVA was generally well tolerated with 8 @entity0 discontinuing therapy because of @entity2 . At the start of PUVA treatment, 48 @entity0 had @entity5 affecting >50% of their body surface area (BSA), and 91 had @entity5 involving >25% BSA. Of 65 @entity0 who were evaluated after 6 weeks of PUVA treatment, 11 still had @entity5 involving >50% BSA, 24 had @entity5 involving >25% BSA, and 24 had no @entity5 . The mean daily dose of @entity3 at the start of PUVA therapy was 1.6 mg/kg compared to 0.7 mg/kg after 6 weeks of therapy. Fifty-nine @entity0 (57%) did not require additional therapy for skin @entity6 after starting PUVA. Ninety-two percent of @entity0 developed chronic @entity6 . Fifty-three @entity0 (51%) remain alive at 129-1883 days after transplantation. These results suggest that PUVA can be an effective therapy for @entity4 -resistant acute @entity6 of the skin.

title: Psoralen and ultraviolet A irradiation (PUVA) as therapy for @entity4 -resistant cutaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Diagnosis of allograft dysfunction relies on the assessment of @entity5 . This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of common specific @entity5 in acute allograft rejection. Renal allograft biopsies (n = 111) with acute cellular rejection were scored for @entity9 , mononuclear cell adherence to endothelial cells, endothelial activation, @entity0 , foam cells, and intimal @entity1 . These @entity5 and other classic histologic features were correlated with outcome. Rejection with @entity9 (found in 54% of biopsies) was less responsive to @entity2 treatment than rejection without @entity9 , as judged by recovery of @entity7 in 3 wk (P = 0.03). Larger numbers of sampled arteries improved the predictive accuracy. Sticking of mononuclear cells to endothelial cells also correlated with @entity2 resistance (P < 0.05). Rejection with or without @entity9 responded to OKT3/antithymocyte globulin treatment equally well (61% versus 65%, respectively). Rejection with fibrinoid arterial @entity0 (4% of biopsies) did not respond to either @entity4 or antibodies (0%). One-year @entity3 was 21% without @entity9 , 28% with @entity9 , and 100% with @entity0 . Activated endothelial cells and @entity6 were associated with @entity9 and @entity3 (all P < 0.05). None of the other scored features had any statistically significant correlation with outcome. Thus, specific @entity5 ( @entity9 , @entity0 , activated endothelial cells, mononuclear cell margination) and @entity6 , but not the extent of the interstitial infiltrate or @entity8 , are correlated with response to antirejection therapy and/or 1-yr clinical outcome. Grading systems for therapeutic trials and clinical management should emphasize scoring of specific @entity5 .

title: The prognostic significance of specific XXXX in acute renal allograft rejection.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: *Equal @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is often advocated for diagnosing occult scaphoid @entity2 . @entity1 is a sensitive diagnostic modality, but lacks specificity, which may result in over-diagnosis. PURPOSE: To examine, in a pilot study, the potential additional value of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with low dose computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of an @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten @entity0 that underwent combined @entity1 and SPECT/CT for a clinically suspected @entity2 , where radiographs could not detect a @entity2 , were included in this pilot study. The @entity1 and SPECT/CT results were independently and separately evaluated by a nuclear physician for scaphoid @entity2 and other injuries. RESULTS: @entity1 was positive for a @entity2 in four @entity0 and diagnosed three other @entity2 . SPECT/CT showed five scaphoid @entity2 and one other @entity2 . SPECT/CT - @entity1 had discrepant results in three @entity0 . In two @entity0 @entity1 diagnosed a trapezoid @entity2 where SPECT/CT showed a @entity2 . The other @entity0 was diagnosed with a @entity2 on @entity1 , whereas SPECT/CT showed @entity1 of other carpal bones. CONCLUSION: SPECT/CT has the potential to be more accurate than @entity1 as it uses anatomical information of the CT to discriminate between the scaphoid, other carpal bones, and @entity1 . Larger studies with an independent reference standard are needed for confirmation of these preliminary data.

title: Initial experience of SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is hypothesized to be a physiological measure of sympathetic activity and is defined by the standard deviation (SD) of the heart rate (HR) in beats per minutes (BPM) over fixed time intervals. To investigate the relationship between low @entity3 (SD  <  0.5 BPM) during surgical procedures and mortality within 48  h post-procedure. We retrospectively reviewed all adult general surgical procedures performed at our center from January 1, 2003 through July 1, 2013 to identify @entity0 who died within 48  h post-procedure. Demographic, heart rate, and mortality data were extracted from the electronic anesthesia record. Propensity score analysis was used to find matching controls based on age, gender, ASA score, anesthesia type, Charlson index, procedure type, emergency status, year, use of preoperative beta blocker, @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity4 . @entity3 was calculated for each 5  min interval as the SD of all HR's within that interval. Negative binomial regression was then used to model the count of intervals with @entity3  <  0.5 BPM for the duration of the surgery. During the 10  year study period, 283 @entity0 died within 48  h of procedure finish. These @entity0 were matched to 566 @entity0 who did not die within 48  h after procedure. @entity0 who died had a 39  % increase in frequency of low @entity3 episodes compared to @entity0 who survived (RR 1.39, 95  % CI 1.13-1.72; p  =  0.003). Low @entity3 during surgical procedure is associated with increased mortality risk within 48  h after procedure. Strategies to identify @entity3 early and modify it may lead to improvement in outcomes.

title: Low intraoperative heart rate volatility is associated with early postoperative mortality in general surgical XXXX : a retrospective case-control study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The role of combination chemotherapy regimens in the management of @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 resistant to @entity8 compounds has not yet been defined. This multicenter prospective phase II study evaluated the activity and @entity3 of the @entity9 -plus- @entity13 combination in @entity2 @entity0 whose @entity1 were resistant to @entity8 compounds and who had been exposed to @entity11 . Treatment consisted of @entity9 60 mg/m2 i.v. followed by @entity13 200 mg/m2 i.v. both on day 1 followed by prophylactic recombinant @entity0 @entity10 (rhG-CSF) support from days 2 to 6, every 3 weeks. Thirty-one @entity0 were enrolled in the study. The median age was 60 years, and the median performance status (ECOG) was 1. Eight (26%) @entity0 had @entity1 resistant to @entity8 , while the rest of the population had @entity1 recurrence within 6 months from the last @entity7 treatment. Four chemotherapy cycles per @entity0 were administered, with the delivered dose intensity at 75% of the planned dose for both agents. Among 30 @entity0 evaluable for response, there were 2 (7%) complete and 4 (14%) partial responses (overall response rate 20%; (95% confidence interval, CI, 11%-33%). Stable disease was recorded in 8 (28%) @entity0 and progressive disease in 15 (51%). The median response duration was 4.5 months (range, 3-12), the median time to progression 5 months (range, 2-17) and the median survival 11 months (range, 1-40); the 1-year survival was almost 50%. Myelotoxicity was moderate, with grade 3 and 4 @entity12 occurring in 23% of the @entity0 , grade 3-4 @entity6 in 6% and @entity12 in 13%. Grade 3 @entity5 was observed in 2% of the @entity0 . There was one treatment-related @entity4 due to sepsis. In conclusion, the combination of @entity9 plus @entity13 with rhG-CSF support, appears to be a moderately effective regimen with acceptable @entity3 for @entity8 -resistant, @entity11 -pretreated @entity2 @entity0 . Further investigation in comparative studies is required to define the role of combination versus single agent chemotherapy in this group of @entity0 .

title: @entity9 in combination with @entity13 ( @entity13 ) in @entity8 -resistant @entity11 -pretreated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: OBSERVE-5 was a 5-year Food and Drug Administration-mandated surveillance registry of @entity0 with @entity7 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess long-term etanercept safety and effectiveness. METHODS: @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity7 enrolled; a single baseline dose of etanercept was required. Key outcome measures included serious adverse events, serious infectious events, events of medical interest, @entity7 -affected body surface area, physician global assessment score, and Dermatology Life Quality Index score. Safety outcomes were assessed relative to data from the MarketScan database. RESULTS: For 2510 @entity0 , 5-year cumulative incidence was 22.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.3%-24.2%) for serious adverse events; 6.5% (95% CI 5.4%-7.7%) for serious infectious events; 3.2% (95% CI 2.3%-4.1%) for @entity1 excluding @entity6 ; 3.6% (95% CI 2.7%-4.5%) for @entity6 ; 2.8% (95% CI 2.0%-3.6%) for @entity3 ; 0.7% (95% CI 0.3%-1.2%) for @entity7 worsening; 0.2% (95% CI 0.0%-0.4%) for @entity8 ; 0.1% (95% CI 0.0%-0.3%) for @entity4 and for @entity2 ; and 0.1% (95% CI 0.0%-0.2%) for @entity5 and for lupus; 55 fatal events were reported. Rates of @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and hospitalization-associated infections were not higher than expected relative to administrative claims data. The percentage of @entity0 rated as clear/almost clear was 12% at baseline, which increased to 51% at month 6 and remained relatively stable throughout 5 years. LIMITATIONS: No internal comparator group was included; rare events may not have been detected. CONCLUSION: No new safety signals were observed with long-term, real-world etanercept use.

title: OBSERVE-5: Observational postmarketing safety surveillance registry of etanercept for the treatment of XXXX final 5-year results.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Paradoxical kinesis has been observed in bradykinetic @entity0 with @entity2 . Paradoxical kinesis occurs in situations where an individual is strongly motivated or influenced by relevant external cues. Our aim was to induce paradoxical kinesis in the laboratory. We tested whether the motivation of avoiding a mild @entity3 was sufficient to induce paradoxical kinesis in externally-triggered and self-initiated conditions in @entity0 with @entity2 tested on medication and in age-matched controls. METHODS: @entity0 completed a shock avoidance behavioural paradigm in which half of the trials could result in a mild @entity3 if the @entity0 did not move fast enough. Half of the trials of each type were self-initiated and half were externally-triggered. The criterion for avoiding shock was a maximum movement time, adjusted according to each @entity0 's performance on previous trials using a staircase tracking procedure. RESULTS: On trials with threat of shock, both @entity0 with @entity2 and controls had faster movement times compared to no potential shock trials, in both self-initiated and externally-triggered conditions. The magnitude of improvement of movement time from no potential shock to potential shock trials was positively correlated with @entity1 ratings. CONCLUSIONS: When motivated to avoid mild @entity3 , @entity0 with @entity2 , similar to healthy controls, showed significant speeding of movement execution. This was observed in both self-initiated and externally-triggered versions of the task. Nevertheless, in the ET condition the improvement of reaction times induced by motivation to avoid shocks was greater for the @entity4 @entity0 than controls, highlighting the value of external cues for movement initiation in @entity4 @entity0 . The magnitude of improvement from the no potential shock to the potential shock trials was associated with the threat-induced @entity1 . This demonstration of paradoxical kinesis in the laboratory under both self-initiated and externally-triggered conditions has implications for motivational and attentional enhancement of movement speed in @entity2 .

title: Motivational Modulation of Self-Initiated and Externally Triggered Movement Speed Induced by Threat of Shock: Experimental Evidence for Paradoxical Kinesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sixty-two adults underwent marrow or blood stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched related donor using high-dose thiotepa, @entity5 , and @entity3 (TBC) as the preparative regimen for treatment of advanced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) ( @entity2 with excess blasts with or without transformation) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) past first remission. All evaluable @entity0 engrafted and had complete donor chimerism. A grade 3-4 regimen-related @entity1 occurred in eight (13%) @entity0 , and a diagnosis of @entity6 was the only independent risk factor for grade 3-4 regimen-related @entity1 (hazard ratio 9.25, P = 0.01). Day-100 treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 19%. Poor-prognosis cytogenetics increased the risk of day-100 TRM (hazard ratio 11.4, P = 0.003), and use of @entity4 for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis reduced the risk of day-100 TRM (hazard ratio 0.13, P = 0.027). For all @entity0 , the three-year relapse rate was 43% (95% CI, 28%-58%). Refractoriness to conventional induction chemotherapy prior to transplantation was an independent risk factor for relapse (hazard ratio 10.8, P = 0.02). Three-year survival was 26% (95% CI, 14%-37%); survival rates were 29% for those transplanted for @entity7 in second remission, 31% transplanted for @entity7 in relapse, and 17% with @entity6 , and there were no independent risk factors for survival. TBC is an active preparative regimen for advanced @entity7 . @entity0 with advanced @entity6 appeared to have a higher risk of @entity1 and early mortality, and alternative preparative regimens should be considered for these @entity0 .

title: Thiotepa, @entity5 , and XXXX as a preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation for advanced @entity6 and @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several @entity14 derivatives have been shown to cause reproductive @entity1 . The biochemical mechanisms responsible for these effects are not fully understood at present. In this study, we investigated @entity2 -dependent oxidation of seven @entity15 by purified @entity0 term placental peroxidase. @entity5 was employed as the prototype @entity14 drug. @entity5 was easily oxidized to a cation radical (absorption maximum at 513 nm) when incubated under acidic conditions with @entity0 term placental peroxidase in the presence of @entity2 . The rate of the radical formation was 350 +/- 30 nmol/min/mg protein when 30 micrograms of the purified peroxidase was incubated with 10 mM @entity5 and 1.0 mM @entity2 in @entity3 buffer pH 3.5. The reaction was linear with respect to time, exhibited @entity4 on the amount of enzyme, and the concentration of @entity5 and @entity2 . Collectively, the results suggest an enzymatic nature of the reaction. Reduced @entity7 , @entity13 , and @entity8 suppressed the rate of @entity5 radical formation presumably by its reduction back to @entity5 in a concentration-dependent manner. Concomitantly, @entity8 was co-oxidized. The cation radical formation and @entity8 oxidation declined significantly by @entity10 and @entity11 , the known peroxidase inhibitors. The enzyme also oxidized @entity9 , @entity17 , @entity12 , @entity18 , @entity6 , and @entity16 in the presence of @entity2 . The evidence gathered in this study suggests that peroxidative bioactivation of @entity15 to their corresponding cation radical species by the @entity0 placental peroxidase may represent one of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the reported developmental @entity1 of these chemicals.

title: Oxidation of XXXX by @entity0 term placental peroxidase in non-smokers.

answer: @entity15


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been no longitudinal study of drug susceptibility in @entity5 in Taiwan since 2006. METHODS: We collected 1090 gonococcal isolates from Taipei City Hospital, Taiwan from April 2006 to August 2013. We used a disk diffusion assay to determine the susceptibility to five antibiotics and an E-test to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations for @entity6 and @entity3 in isolates with resistance. Neisseria gonorrhoeae-multi Antigen Sequence Typing and DNA sequencing of the por and tbpB genes were used to identify sequence types. RESULTS: Among the 1090 isolates, the resistances to @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity3 were 61.01%, 83.39%, 9.63%, 6.70%, and 2.39%, respectively. The highest minimum inhibitory concentrations of @entity6 and @entity3 were 0.19  mg/L and 0.50  mg/L, respectively. There were 327 sequence types. The four most common sequence types in homosexuals were ST4378, ST359, ST4654, and ST547; the two most common sequence types in heterosexuals were ST421 and ST419. Each of these sequence types had more than 25 isolates. There were significant differences in the sequence types in @entity0 with different sexual orientations (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity6 or @entity3 injections were used as first-line drugs for the treatment of @entity4 from 2006 to 2013 because @entity4 isolates had low minimum inhibitory concentrations for these two drugs. The abrupt emergence of ST4378 (closely related to the notorious ST1407) since 2009 is a cause for alarm. Changes in sexual behavior, including an increase in sexual activity without the use of condoms, may have contributed to the peak in @entity4 in 2010. Further molecular epidemiological investigations are required.

title: Changes in the six most common sequence types of XXXX , including ST4378, identified by surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in northern Taiwan from 2006 to 2013.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the imaging and clinical characteristics of @entity3 osseous @entity1 (COM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study was IRB approved and HIPAA compliant. A retrospective search of our pathology database for pathology-proven COM yielded 15 @entity0 who had undergone MRI, CT, bone scan, and/or FDG-PET/CT. The imaging and clinical features of the COMs were recorded. A control group of age and gender matched @entity3 @entity0 without osseous @entity1 was evaluated. RESULTS: The COM mean maximal dimension was 6.4        4.0  cm. The majority (60%) of @entity0 had one lesion. Extra-osseous soft tissue component was present in 85% and was larger than intra-osseous component in 76%. On MRI the lesions were heterogeneous but predominantly T2 hyperintense with hypointense septae, and with variable enhancement. On CT the lesions were typically destructive or permeative; calcifications were rare. The extent of the soft tissue component was isodense to muscle on CT and therefore better evaluated on MRI. COM was in a body part contiguous to the site of the @entity2 . Compared to the controls, COM @entity0 were more likely to have local recurrence (P   =   0.0009) and positive resection margins (P   =   0.002). At 1  year, 33% of COM @entity0 were deceased and 13% had progressive @entity1 . CONCLUSION: COM are associated with large extra-osseous soft tissue components, which are better visualized by MRI. They are often located in a body part contiguous to the site of the @entity2 , portend poor prognosis, and are associated with positive resection margins and local recurrence.

title: Osseous @entity1 of XXXX : imaging and clinical findings.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate serum levels of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: The PubMed (~2013) and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982   ~   2013) were searched without language restrictions. After extraction of relevant data from selected studies, meta-analyses were conducted using STATA software (Version 12.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas USA). Possible sources of heterogeneity were examined through univariate and multivariate meta-regression analyses and verified by Monte Carlo Simulation. RESULTS: Eleven studies with a total of 411 @entity1 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in serum @entity3 and @entity2 levels between the on-pump group and the off-pump group before surgery. In the on-pump group, there was a significant difference in serum @entity3 levels of @entity1 @entity0 between before and after surgery, especially within the first 24  h after surgery. Furthermore, in the on-pump group, there was a significant difference in serum @entity2 levels of @entity1 @entity0 between before and after surgery, particularly at 0  h after surgery. In the off-pump group, there was an obvious difference in serum @entity3 levels between before and after surgery, especially within 24  h after surgery. Our results also demonstrated that serum @entity3 and @entity2 levels of @entity1 @entity0 in the on-pump group were significantly higher than those of @entity0 in the off-pump group, especially within 24  h after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide empirical evidence that off-pump and on-pump CABG surgeries may increase serum @entity3 and @entity2 levels in @entity1 @entity0 , which was most prominent within 24  h after on-pump CABG surgery.

title: Serum @entity3 and XXXX levels after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the use of sedation drugs for the management of acute @entity5 in Hong Kong's Accident @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and how it compares with Australasian practice. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine drug preferences, clinicians' perceived confidence in management, barriers/gaps in training and perceived usefulness of existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in Hong Kong. METHOD: A validated questionnaire was used, with case vignettes typical of @entity0 presenting to @entity1 with acute @entity5 . The questionnaire was distributed by hand to all trainees and fellows of the Hong Kong College of Emergency Medicine (HKCEM). Two reminders were sent. RESULTS: Of 483 HKCEM members, 280 (58.0% [95% CI 53.5-62.3]) responded. For monotherapy, 46.8% (95% CI 41.0-52.6) of respondents chose @entity4 to manage the undifferentiated @entity0 , followed by @entity3 (33.9%, 95% CI 28.6-39.7) and @entity6 (13.9%, 95% CI 10.4-18.5). Most respondents (83.6%, 95% CI 78.8-87.5) would not administer combination therapy. Respondents were confident in managing @entity5 overall. The lack of local/institutional CPGs (55.7%, 95% CI 49.9-61.4) was perceived as an important barrier. Institutional guidelines were considered the most useful CPGs (66.4%, 95% CI 60.7-71.7). Most respondents (72.9%, 95% CI 67.4-77.7) perceived a HKCEM endorsed CPG would be useful. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity2 are frequently used as monotherapy for the management of acute @entity5 in Hong Kong's @entity1 . Management in Hong Kong differs from Australasian practice in that combination therapy is less common and clinicians' choice of sedation drugs are less variable overall. Results suggest that future work on CPG development and training regarding the safe use of combination therapy would be well received.

title: Management of acute XXXX in Hong Kong and comparisons with Australasia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cell type responsible for the @entity7 surrounding @entity0 @entity9 is unknown. Hepatic stellate cells, which activate to a myofibroblast-like form, are responsible for collagen deposition in @entity1 and around @entity2 . Recently, pancreatic stellate cells have been described and implicated in the @entity1 of chronic @entity5 . We sought to determine whether these cells are responsible for the scirrhous reaction surrounding pancreatic @entity4 . METHODS: Archival @entity3 -fixed, @entity6 -embedded pancreatic tissues from 10 @entity0 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity4 and from 2 @entity0 with @entity10 were examined immunohistochemically for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), @entity12 ( @entity12 ), procollagen I, collagen IV, and endothelial cell markers, @entity8 factor and cluster of differentiation 31. RESULTS: In non-neoplastic areas, staining for alpha-SMA and @entity12 was confined to interlobular septal regions. In contrast, the @entity7 surrounding all 10 pancreatic @entity4 specimens displayed intense interstitial staining for alpha-SMA, @entity12 , and collagen IV but no staining for @entity8 factor and cluster of differentiation 31. Procollagen I staining localized intracellularly to fibroblast-shaped cells within this alpha-SMA/ @entity12 -positive scirrhous region. @entity11 demonstrated an increase in alpha-SMA staining, although this was not as marked as in ductal @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: A massive increase in myofibroblast activity, compatible with the activation of stellate cells, is associated with the deposition of collagen types I and IV in the @entity7 around pancreatic @entity4 .

title: Myofibroblasts are responsible for the @entity7 surrounding XXXX @entity9 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular permeability is controlled by endothelial cell-to-cell junctions. @entity4 , the major component of adherence junctions (AJ) in the endothelium, is the target of the permeability-increasing agent @entity1 @entity2 factor-a ( @entity3 ). We investigated whether @entity3 regulates the synthesis of @entity4 on the transcriptional level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 endothelial cells, isolated from aorta (aEC) and umbilical cord (HUVEC), were exposed to @entity3 (200 U/ml) for 6 h or 12 h, with and without subsequent incubation with @entity3 for 24 h. @entity4 mRNA was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The @entity4 protein expression was analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS). RESULTS: The @entity4 amplification curve of @entity3 treated cells was shifted to the right compared to controls, indicating a lower mRNA amount. The number of cycles at which half-maximal amplification (N50) was achieved, was lower for control aEC (30.7) than for @entity3 treated aEC (33.0). The N50 of HUVEC treated with @entity3 for 12 h and 12 h + 24 h medium (N50 = 32.1), was higher compared to controls (N50 = 29.7) and cells treated with @entity3 for 6 h (N50 = 30.8). As determined by FACS analysis, incubation with @entity3 caused a small decrease of @entity4 protein expression from 7.44 to 6.05 mean channel intensity. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity3 affects @entity4 gene expression on the transcriptional level, inducing a downregulation of the @entity4 expression.

title: The @entity1 XXXX factor-alpha induced vascular permeability is associated with a reduction of @entity4 expression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two new ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) have been identified from a @entity1 chloroplast lysate. These two proteins (cp29A and cp29B) are nuclear-encoded and have a less affinity to single-stranded DNA as compared with three other chloroplast RNPs (cp28, cp31 and cp33) previously isolated. DNA sequencing revealed that both contain two consensus sequence-type homologous RNA-binding domains (CS-RBDs) and a very acidic @entity3 -terminal domain but shorter than that of cp28, cp31 and cp33. Comparison of cp29A and cp29B showed a 19 @entity2 insertion in the region separating the two CS-RBDs in cp29B. This insertion results in three tandem repeats of a @entity5 -rich sequence of 10 @entity4 , which is a novel feature in RNPs. The two proteins are encoded by different single nuclear genes and no alternatively spliced transcripts could be identified. We constructed a phylogenetic tree for the ten chloroplast CS-RBDs. These results suggest that there is a sizable RNP family in chloroplasts and the diversity was mainly generated through a series of gene duplications rather than through alternative pre-mRNA splicing. The gene for cp29B contains three introns. The first and second introns interrupt the first CS-RBD and the third intron does the second CS-RBD. The position of the first intron site is the same as that in the @entity0 @entity6 protein gene.

title: Diversity of a ribonucleoprotein family in XXXX chloroplasts: two new chloroplast ribonucleoproteins and a phylogenetic tree of ten chloroplast RNA-binding domains.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Preclinical studies suggested the existence of a signaling pathway connecting bone and @entity2 metabolisms. Supposedly leptin modulates osteocalcin bioactivity, which in turn stimulates insulin and @entity3 secretion, and b-cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the investigation was to study the reciprocal relationships of @entity3 , leptin, osteocalcin, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion to verify whether such relationships are consistent with a signaling pathway connecting bone homeostasis and @entity2 metabolism. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: The study was conducted with community-dwelling volunteers participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. @entity0 : Two hundred eighty @entity0 and 300 @entity0 with complete data on fasting plasma @entity3 , leptin, and osteocalcin, oral @entity2 tolerance test (plasma @entity2 and insulin values available at t = 0, 20, and 120 min), and anthropometric measures participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Linear regression models were used to test independent associations of @entity3 , osteocalcin, and leptin with the indices of insulin resistance and secretion. The expected reciprocal relationship between different biomarkers was verified by structural equation modeling. RESULTS: In linear regression models, leptin was strongly associated with indices of both insulin resistance and secretion. Both @entity3 and osteocalcin were negatively associated with insulin resistance. Structural equation modeling revealed a direct inverse association of leptin with osteocalcin; a direct positive association of osteocalcin with @entity3 ; and an inverse relationship of osteocalcin with insulin resistance and @entity3 with insulin resistance and secretion, which is cumulatively consistent with the hypothesized model. CONCLUSIONS: Bone and @entity2 metabolisms are probably connected through a complex pathway that involves leptin, osteocalcin, and @entity3 . The clinical relevance of such a pathway for bone pathology in @entity1 should be further investigated.

title: Cross-sectional evidence of a signaling pathway from bone homeostasis to XXXX metabolism.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity1 such as @entity6 and @entity5 play a central role in the treatment of @entity2 . @entity6 exhibits excellent clinical effectiveness; however, oral adverse effects can occur. OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of @entity7 in @entity3 @entity0 treated with @entity6 and @entity5 , to evaluate the effect of gargling with @entity4 , and to measure the inhalation flow rate on @entity8 . METHODS: The study consisted of 143 @entity3 @entity0 who were treated with inhaled @entity1 , 11 @entity3 @entity0 not treated with inhaled @entity1 , and 86 healthy volunteers. Quantitative fungal culture was performed by aseptically obtaining a retropharyngeal wall swab from these @entity0 . @entity0 with positive results were treated with gargling using a 1:50 dilution @entity4 solution. In @entity3 @entity0 treated with @entity6 , the inhalation flow rate was measured using an inspiratory flow meter. RESULTS: The amount of Candida spp. was significantly greater in @entity3 @entity0 taking inhaled @entity1 compared with those who were not. It was also significantly greater in @entity0 with oral symptoms than asymptomatic @entity0 and significantly greater in @entity3 @entity0 treated with @entity6 than in those treated with @entity5 . Although the presence of Candida did not correlate with the inhaled dose of @entity5 , it did increase with the dose of @entity6 . Gargling with @entity4 was effective in most @entity3 @entity0 with @entity8 . Candidiasis was not due to inappropriate flow rates during inhalation of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Fungal culture of a retropharyngeal wall swab may be useful for predicting the risk of developing @entity7 in @entity3 @entity0 treated with inhaled @entity1 . The amount of isolated Candida was significantly greater in @entity3 @entity0 treated with @entity6 than in those treated with @entity5 . Attention to dosage is required as the amount of Candida increased with dose of @entity6 . Gargling with a 1:50 dilution of @entity4 is effective in treating @entity7 of @entity3 @entity0 treated with inhaled @entity1 .

title: @entity7 associated with inhaled corticosteroid use: comparison of @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, effectiveness and @entity2 in correcting @entity3 . METHODS: In this case series study. Twenty-one hyperopic @entity0 (37 eyes) received allogeneic corneal lens inlays. The range of preoperative spherical equivalent was 3.25 to 10.00 D, and the mean value was (6.84    2.79)D. All the cases were followed up for 3 months. Uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity and refraction were compared before and after operation. Corneal topography and optical coherence tomography were performed. Ocular response analyzer was used to evaluate the shifts of corneal hysteresis. RESULTS: No intraoperative or postoperative complications were found. Uncorrected distance and near visual acuities (UCDVA and UCNVA) were improved obviously after surgery UCDVA was improved from (4.64    0.25) to (4.89    0.14) (F = 5.919, P < 0.001), and UCNVA was improved from J4.94 to J1.18 (F = 4.926, P < 0.01). The UCNVA in 31 eyes (83.8%) was J1 at 3 months after surgery. Mild overcorrection was the state early after operation, and the refractive power was stable at 1 month after surgery. The average residual spherical equivalent was (-0.63    0.94)D, which was improved significantly from (6.84    2.79)D before surgery. There was no obvious hyperopic regression. The corneal biomechanics did not change before and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic corneal lens inlays can be used to correct @entity1 with good safety, effectiveness and predictability. It provides a new choice for hyperopic @entity0 .

title: [The early clinical efficacy of allogeneic corneal lens inlays in correction of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Purpose: To investigate the changes in irregular and regular corneal @entity2 with age in eyes that underwent @entity1 surgery (surgery group) and in eyes that did not undergo surgery (nonsurgery group). Methods: We enrolled 120 eyes in each of four age groups in the surgery and nonsurgery groups: (1) 50 to 59 years of age, (2) 60 to 69 years of age, (3) 70 to 79 years of age, and (4) older than or equal to 80 years of age. Eyes in the surgery group underwent videokeratographic examination, at least 6 months postoperatively. Irregular @entity2 components, corneal asymmetry, and higher-order irregularity components were determined using Fourier analysis. The regular @entity2 vector was decomposed into vertical/horizontal (J0) and oblique (J45) components using power vector analysis. Results: Both the mean corneal asymmetry and higher-order irregularity components significantly increased with increasing age in both groups (P < 0.0001). Higher-order irregularity was greater in the surgery group than in the nonsurgery group in all age groups (P  <= 0.0128). The asymmetry did not differ significantly between groups. Asymmetry and higher-order irregularity were positively correlated with actual age in both the surgery and nonsurgery groups (P < 0.0001). The J0 decreased significantly with age in both groups (P < 0.0001), whereas the J45 did not vary significantly with age. Conclusions: In @entity0 from 50 to 80 years of age who underwent @entity1 surgery, irregular corneal @entity2 , both the asymmetry and higher-order irregularity components, increased significantly with increasing age, whereas regular @entity2 induces an against-the-rule shift. The higher-order irregularity component persistently increased postoperatively, whereas the asymmetry component did not change significantly.

title: Changes in Irregular Corneal Astigmatism With Age in Eyes With and Without XXXX Surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Angiotropism is a marker of extravascular migration of @entity4 cells along vascular and other structures and a prognostic factor in cutaneous @entity4 . Because of this biological and prognostic importance in cutaneous @entity4 , angiotropism was studied in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). This retrospective study performed at a single ocular oncology referral center included 89 @entity0 from the study period 2006-2008. All @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity5 from the choroid and/or ciliary body. All @entity0 underwent enucleation for prognostic purposes and definitive therapy. Clinical, histopathological, and molecular variables included @entity0 age, gender, extraocular extension, @entity2 location (ciliary body or not), @entity6 , angiotropism, neurotropism, @entity4 cell type, @entity7 mutation, and monosomy 3. Angiotropism was defined as @entity4 cells arrayed along the abluminal vascular surfaces without intravasation in the sclera and/or episcleral tissue. The study included 51 @entity0 (57.3%) and 38 @entity0 with mean and median age: 63 years (range: 25-92). Mean follow-up was 4.4 years (range: 0.2 to 11). Fifty-three (59.6%) @entity0 developed @entity1 and 48 (53.9%) were dead from @entity1 at last follow-up. Other principal variables recorded were angiotropism in 43.8%, extraocular extension in 7.9%, epithelioid/mixed cell type in 73.1%, @entity7 mutation in 41.3%, and monosomy 3 in 53.6% of cases. On multivariate analysis, extraocular extension, angiotropism, and monosomy 3 were predictive of @entity1 , whereas @entity2 diameter, epithelioid cell type, angiotropism, and monosomy 3 were predictive of @entity3 . Chi-square test confirmed an association between angiotropism and @entity1 and @entity3 but none with @entity7 mutation and monosomy 3. In conclusion, angiotropism and monosomy 3 were independent prognostic factors for both @entity1 and @entity3 in @entity5 . However, irrespective of any prognostic value, the true importance of angiotropism is its biological significance as a marker of an alternative metastatic pathway.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 27 February 2017; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2017.16.

title: The biological and prognostic significance of angiotropism in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computational models of Achilles tendons can help understanding how healthy tendons are affected by repetitive loading and how the different tissue constituents contribute to the tendon's biomechanical response. However, available models of Achilles tendon are limited in their description of the hierarchical multi-structural composition of the tissue. This study hypothesised that a poroviscoelastic fibre-reinforced model, previously successful in capturing cartilage biomechanical behaviour, can depict the biomechanical behaviour of the @entity0 Achilles tendon found experimentally. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a new material model of the Achilles tendon, which considers the tendon's main constituents namely: water, proteoglycan matrix and collagen fibres. A hyperelastic formulation of the proteoglycan matrix enabled computations of large deformations of the tendon, and collagen fibres were modelled as viscoelastic. Specimen-specific finite element models were created of 9 @entity0 Achilles tendons from an animal experiment and simulations were carried out following a repetitive tensile loading protocol. The material model parameters were calibrated against data from the @entity0 by minimising the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) between experimental force data and model output. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All specimen models were successfully fitted to experimental data with high accuracy ( @entity1 0.42-1.02). Additional simulations predicted more compliant and soft tendon behaviour at reduced strain-rates compared to higher strain-rates that produce a stiff and brittle tendon response. Stress-relaxation simulations exhibited strain-dependent stress-relaxation behaviour where larger strains produced slower relaxation rates compared to smaller strain levels. Our simulations showed that the collagen fibres in the Achilles tendon are the main load-bearing component during tensile loading, where the orientation of the collagen fibres plays an important role for the tendon's viscoelastic response. In conclusion, this model can capture the repetitive loading and unloading behaviour of intact and healthy Achilles tendons, which is a critical first step towards understanding tendon homeostasis and function as this biomechanical response changes in diseased tendons.

title: A Fibre-Reinforced Poroviscoelastic Model Accurately Describes the Biomechanical Behaviour of the XXXX Achilles Tendon.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. The effects of respiration of electrical stimulation of the peripheral cut end of the cervical sympathetic nerve were studied in seventeen decerebrate, unanaesthetized @entity0 .2. The tidal volume increased and the end-tidal @entity1 fell within 2-3 breaths after the onset of stimulation in fourteen @entity0 .3. In three experiments tidal volume and respiratory rate fell during stimulation and increased above the control when the stimulus was interrupted.4. All respiratory responses to sympathetic stimulation were abolished after cutting the carotid sinus nerves and are attributed to activation of chemo- and baroreceptor afferents.5. With the carotid sinus nerves intact, respiratory responses could be eliminated completely only by cutting the post-ganglionic sympathetics that pass directly to the carotid body and the post-ganglionic sympathetics that join the glossopharyngeal nerves to course with the sinus nerves to the carotid bifurcation.6. @entity2 (10 mg/kg) or @entity3 (40 mg/kg) given intravenously depressed spontaneous ventilation and responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation.7. Stimulation changed blood pressure slightly in fourteen experiments; in ten it fell and in four it increased 10 mm Hg or less. After @entity2 or @entity3 , stimulation elicited a pronounced pressor response.8. The results of the study indicate that activation of sympathetic pathways to the carotid body constitutes an effective stimulus to ventilation.

title: Respiratory responses to electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerves in decerebrate, unanaesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certolizumab pegol is the third anti- @entity2 agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. AIM: To provide a comprehensive up-to-date review of the efficacy and safety of certolizumab in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library and the Science Citation Index, were searched to retrieve relevant trials. In addition, meeting abstracts and the reference lists of retrieved articles were reviewed for further relevant studies. RESULTS: Three trials, enrolling a total of 1040 @entity0 , are included in the meta-analysis to evaluate the short-term efficacy of certolizumab, which is effective for rapid induction and long-term maintenance of clinical response or remission and can improve quality of life in @entity0 with @entity1 . Certolizumab is also effective for @entity0 who have lost response to infliximab. However, its efficacy in infliximab-exposed @entity0 is probably less than in infliximab-naive @entity0 . Re-induction with certolizumab in @entity0 who have flared on maintenance therapy can rescue a significant proportion of @entity0 . There is no significant association between the efficacy of certolizumab and the baseline C-reactive protein level. In comparison with placebo, certolizumab does not increase the risk of serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Certolizumab is effective and safe in treating @entity1 . Further studies are still required to assess its full safety profile.

title: Meta-analysis: the efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this retrospective, population-based study was to characterize demographically and clinically cystic- @entity5 (CE) in southern Israel, between 2005 and 2012. Newly-diagnosed (nd-CE) and past-diagnosed (pd-CE, diagnosed before the study) cases were defined. Two populations live in southern-Israel, receiving medical treatment at a single hospital: the Jewish and the Bedouin populations (resembling resource-rich and resource-poor populations, respectively). 126 CE cases were identified; 55 nd-CE and 71 pd-CE. Mean annual nd-CE incidence per 100,000 in the Bedouin and Jewish populations were 2.7    1.2 and 0.4    0.3, respectively (P<0.001). None of the Bedouin and 86.5% of the Jewish @entity0 were born outside Israel. Liver and lung involvement were recorded in 85.7% and 15.1% of overall-CE, respectively. @entity2 , cough, @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity6 were documented in 63.6%, 32.7%, 27.3%, 41.5% and 12.7% of nd-CE, respectively. Serology sensitivity for first test and any positive test were 67.3% and 83.3%, respectively. Computed tomography, ultrasonography and X-ray diagnosis were documented in 79.2%, 58.4% and 17.0% of overall-CE, respectively, with ultrasonography mainly used in liver-CE and X-ray in lung-CE. Treatment included surgery and @entity4 in 50.0% and 55.3% of CE, respectively. We conclude that CE is endemic in southern-Israel among the Bedouin population, while disease is probably mainly imported in the Jewish population. Liver involvement and @entity3 rates were high compared with those of other endemic regions, possibly due to differences in the timing of diagnosis. These findings may help developing treatment and prevention strategies.

title: XXXX in Southern Israel.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 require a multidisciplinary approach. Emergency Departments can play vital roles in the treatment of burns. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the adult burn @entity0 admitted to our Emergency Department and to determine the frequency of the @entity0 who were treated on an outpatient basis and discharged from the Emergency Department. PROCEDURE: A retrospective review of 314 adult burn @entity0 who presented to the Emergency Medicine Department of Erciyes University Hospital from January 1996 to December 2000. FINDINGS: Sixty-four percent of the @entity0 were male. Mean age was 32.9+/-14.7. Ninety-nine @entity0 (32%) had moderate to major burns. The highest numbers of @entity0 were in the 21-30 age group. Flame burns comprised the majority of presentations and admissions (48 and 69%, respectively). Thirteen @entity0 had associated @entity1 (4%). Eighty-seven @entity0 (28%) were hospitalized, 21 of these died. @entity2 occurred mostly from @entity4 and @entity3 . Domestic accidents were the leading mechanism (63%). CONCLUSION: Burns were mostly due to accidents arising from carelessness, ignorance, hazardous traditions and improperly manufactured products. These can be prevented through mass education programs countrywide. Because almost all burn @entity0 present to Emergency Departments first and not all hospitals can employ burn specialists, the @entity0 with minor burns can be treated on an outpatient basis and the treatment of severe burns can be effectively initiated by emergency physicians.

title: Adult burn XXXX in an Emergency Department in Central Anatolia, Turkey: a 5-year analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bacterial attachment plays an important role in the initiation of @entity1 formation and stent blockage. In vitro studies were conducted to determine the effects of adherence factors, namely pili and glycocalyx production, and culture media, including brain heart infusion broth, modified Vogel and Bonner medium, and @entity0 bile, on the adherence of @entity2 to plastic stents. METHODS: Clinical isolates of @entity2 with different adherence mechanisms, that is, piliated (P+) or nonpiliated (P-), glycocalyx producing (G+) and nonglycocalyx producing (G-), were obtained from clogged stents. Adherence studies were conducted by using the modified Robbins device, and stents were removed at regular intervals to determine the number of attached bacteria/cm(2) with the viable plate count method. @entity3 stents were used to compare the adherence curves of @entity2 with different adherence factors in brain heart infusion broth. The effects of different culture media on the adherence of P+G+ @entity2 to @entity3 stents were determined. In addition, the adherence of P+G+ @entity2 to different plastics in brain heart infusion broth and @entity0 bile was compared. RESULTS: P+G+ @entity2 adhered better than P-G+ and P-G- @entity2 to @entity3 stents. Modified Vogel and Bonner medium, which stimulates glycocalyx production, enhanced the attachment of P+G+ @entity2 , whereas @entity0 bile decreased @entity2 attachment to @entity3 stents, despite an increase in glycocalyx production. There was a difference in adherence of P+G+ @entity2 to @entity3 , @entity4 , and Teflon stents in brain heart infusion broth, but the differences were nullified in the presence of @entity0 bile. CONCLUSIONS: P+G+ @entity2 with both adherence factors adhere best to plastic stents. Media such as modified Vogel and Bonner medium that stimulate glycocalyx production also enhance bacterial attachment. The toxic effects of @entity5 in @entity0 bile on the bacteria might alter the adherence mechanism and reduce @entity2 attachment.

title: Effects of adherence factors and XXXX bile on bacterial attachment and biliary stent blockage: an in vitro study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Apoptosis is mainly brought about by the activation of caspases, a protease family with unique substrate selectivity. In mammals, different complexes like the DISC complex or the apoptosome complexes have been delineated leading to the cleavage and thus activation of the executioner caspases. Although @entity0 is the main executioner caspase in apoptosis induced by serum starvation in AKR-2B fibroblasts as demonstrated by affinity labeling with YVK(-bio)D.aomk and partial purification of cytosolic extracts by high performance ion exchange chromatography, its activation is apparently caused by a noncanonical pathway: (1) Expression of CrmA, an inhibitor of @entity1 , failed to suppress apoptosis; (2) There was no formation of high molecular weight complexes of @entity5 indicative for its activation. Furthermore no cleavage of @entity2 was observed. But surprisingly, gelfiltration experiments revealed the distribution of @entity6 into differently sized high molecular weight complexes during apoptosis. Though the apparent molecular weights of the complexes containing @entity0 (600 kD for apoptosome and 250 kD for microapoptosome) are in accordance with recently published data, the activity profiles differ strikingly. In AKR-2B cells @entity0 is mainly recovered as uncomplexed enzyme and in much lower levels in the apoptosomes. Remarkably, the 600 kD and 250 kD complexes containing activated @entity0 were devoid of @entity5 and cytochrome c. In addition a new 450 kD complex containing activated @entity4 was found that is clearly separated from the @entity0 containing complexes. Furthermore, we disclose for the first time the activation of @entity3 in response to serum starvation. Activated @entity3 is detectable as non-complexed free enzyme in the cytosol.

title: Formation of noncanonical high molecular weight @entity6 complexes and activation of XXXX during serum starvation induced apoptosis in AKR-2B mouse fibroblasts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have demonstrated that @entity1 -bovine serum albumin conjugate labeled with 2-nm colloidal gold ( @entity1 -BSA-gold) injected into the vascular system of @entity0 becomes visible as @entity3 deposits on the sections of tissues embedded in @entity4 resin after @entity3 enhancement and enters the @entity2 -target cell nuclei, e.g. round spermatids, but not the non-target cell nuclei. The diameter of the @entity3 deposits depends on the duration of @entity3 enhancement. In this study, to make clear the transfer route of @entity1 -BSA-gold into the round spermatid nucleus, the testis of @entity0 injected @entity1 -BSA-gold was observed under electron microscope after @entity3 enhancement for short periods of time. The small @entity3 deposits were present on the cell membrane, vesicles, Golgi region, acrosome, subacrosomal space, both the post-acrosomal and the subacrosomal nuclear envelope, and the nucleoplasm in the cap-phase spermatids. The @entity3 deposits were also found in the perinuclear cisterna of post-acrosomal nuclear envelope, but not in the nuclear pore. When the spermatids were observed at high-power magnification without the @entity3 enhancement, the outer nuclear membrane showed many irregular invaginations toward the inner nuclear membrane in the post-acrosomal nuclear envelope. Furthermore, a double-membrane-like vesicle seemed to be present in the nuclear envelope. In the vesicle, the gold particles were present along the inner membrane. These results suggest that @entity1 -BSA-gold can enter the nucleoplasm through some route provided by the nuclear double membranes in both the post-acrosomal and the subacrosomal nuclear envelope.

title: Nuclear translocation of gold labeled- XXXX -bovine serum albumin conjugate through the nuclear double membranes in @entity0 spermatids.

answer: @entity1