abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the visual outcome after surgery for persistent hyperplastic primary @entity1 using modern vitreoretinal techniques. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review during a 5-year period (June 1992 to June 1997). Information recorded for each @entity0 included age, medical history, sex, results of preoperative ocular examination, age at diagnosis, procedure performed, intraoperative and postoperative complications, location and number of sclerotomy sites, type of aphakic rehabilitation, amblyopic therapy given, final visual acuity, and length of follow-up. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 who underwent surgical management of combined anterior and posterior persistent hyperplastic primary @entity1 were identified. Eleven @entity0 underwent aphakic rehabilitation and aggressive amblyopic therapy consisting of occlusive therapy for several waking hours each day. One additional older @entity0 received aphakic rehabilitation only. Ten eyes (71%) achieved a visual acuity of 20/300 or better, and 8 (57%) obtained a final visual acuity of 20/100 or better. Average length of follow-up was 22 months (range, 4-57 months). Nine @entity0 were fitted with an aphakic soft contact lens, 2 older @entity0 had a posterior chamber intraocular lens placed at the time of vitrectomy, and 1 @entity0 wore aphakic spectacles. CONCLUSIONS: With modern vitreoretinal techniques, aphakic rehabilitation, and aggressive amblyopic therapy, useful vision can be obtained in the majority of @entity0 with combined anterior and posterior persistent hyperplastic primary @entity1 .

title: Visual outcomes following lensectomy and vitrectomy for combined anterior and posterior persistent hyperplastic primary XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Describe objective and subjective physical activity levels and time spent being sedentary in adults with @entity1 or @entity2 (SZO/SA). METHOD: Baseline physical activity and sedentary behaviors were assessed among 46 overweight and @entity0 community-dwelling adults (aged 18-70 years; BMI > 27 kg/m(2)) diagnosed with SZO/SA by DSM-IV-TR, with mild symptom severity (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score < 90) who were interested in losing weight and participated in the Weight Assessment and Intervention in @entity1 Treatment (WAIST) study from 2004 to 2008. Objective physical activity levels, measured using actigraphs, in WAIST were compared to a nationally representative sample of users (n = 46) and nonusers (n = 46) of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003-2004) matched by sex, BMI, and age. RESULTS: On average, adults with SZO/SA wore actigraphs more than 15 h/d for 7 days averaging 151,000 counts/d. The majority of monitoring time (81%) was classified as sedentary (approximately 13 h/d). Moderate/vigorous and light physical activity accounted for only 2% (19 min/d) and 17% (157 min/d) of monitoring time/d, respectively. Primary source of activity was household activities (409    438 min/wk). Fifty-three percent reported walking for transportation or leisure. Adults with SZO/SA were significantly less active (176 min/d) and more sedentary (756 min/d) than NHANES users of @entity3 (293 and 640 min/d, respectively) and nonusers of @entity3 (338 and 552 min/d, respectively) (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and @entity0 adults with SZO/SA were extremely sedentary; engaged in unstructured, intermittent, low-intensity physical activity; and significantly less active than NHANES users and nonusers of @entity3 . This sedentary lifestyle is significantly lower than those of other inactive US populations, is costly for the individual and community, and highlights the need for physical activity promotion and interventions in this high risk population.

title: Physical activity and sedentary behavior measured objectively and subjectively in overweight and @entity0 adults with XXXX or @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Islet primary nonfunction (PNF) is defined as the loss of islet function after transplantation for reasons other than graft rejection. It is a major obstacle to successful and efficient islet transplantation. @entity6 /TR6 is a soluble death decoy receptor belonging to the @entity0 @entity2 factor (TNF) receptor family, and it can block apoptosis mediated by several TNF receptor family members such as Fas and @entity5 . In this study, we used TR6 to protect islets from PNF after transplantation. Untreated isogeneic or allogeneic islet transplantation had PNF incidence of 25 and 26.5%, respectively. Administration of TR6 totally prevented PNF in allogeneic islet transplantation. In vitro experiments showed an increased apoptosis among islets that were treated with @entity4 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in combination. TR6 significantly reduced such apoptosis. Functional study showed that insulin release was compromised after @entity4 and @entity3 treatment, and the compromise could be prevented with TR6-Fc. This indicates that TR6 indeed protected beta-cells from damage caused by @entity4 and @entity3 . Further in vivo experiments showed that syngeneic islet transplantation between lpr/lpr and gld/gld @entity1 was significantly more efficacious than that conducted between wild-type @entity1 . These results suggest that Fas-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in PNF, and use of TR6 may be a novel strategy to prevent PNF in clinical islet transplantation.

title: XXXX /TR6 effectively prevents islet primary nonfunction after transplantation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity9 is rare in pediatric @entity0 . The three main manifestations, defined by Klein et al. in 1970, were (a) predominant mucosal, (b) predominant muscular-layer, and (c) predominant @entity1 . The predominant subserosal type is the rarest of the three. We report on a 43-month-old @entity0 who, on admission, suffered from recurrent @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity3 for one week, with @entity7 and @entity8 noted. The white blood cell (WBC) count of @entity7 fluid was 8,000/mm3, with a differential count of 99% eosinophils. The peripheral WBC count was 44,000/mm3, with 78% eosinophils. Three days after diagnosis, @entity7 , @entity8 and other @entity4 were gradually relieved using @entity2 therapy, with the peripheral eosinophil count returning to normal. The @entity2 therapy was discontinued after two months with tapering dose. The @entity0 was in good health with no recurrence of symptoms in a follow-up conducted after one year.

title: @entity9 in XXXX -report of one case.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Unusual as well as well-known complications can occur after aortic reconstruction. In an effort to heighten awareness of these possibilities, a case is presented of a 71-year-old male who was brought to the emergency department with severe back @entity1 of 2 days duration and @entity4 . He had undergone repair of an @entity6 6 years earlier. An emergency computed tomography scan demonstrated a 10-cm @entity6 extending from just above the celiac axis, through the aortic bifurcation, with retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal @entity8 . He was found at operation to have extension of his @entity3 proximally, with complete separation of the proximal suture line, and @entity2 of the distal aortic wall. Since the @entity3 had been closed around the graft at the time of the original operation, his @entity3 had essentially been restored, and the diseased wall was again exposed to the tensile stresses from the pulsatile column of blood. Emergency repair was successful, despite postoperative complications including @entity5 , and later @entity2 of an @entity7 . @entity0 presenting with signs and symptoms consistent with a @entity9 after previous repair should be addressed aggressively with computed tomography if it is immediately available and the diagnosis is in doubt. The @entity0 should then undergo an immediate operation. Such recurrence, although rare, must always be considered a possibility. Similar scenarios may be encountered secondary to endoleaks occurring after endoluminal aortic repairs.

title: @entity2 of an XXXX , previously repaired using an endoaneurysmorrhaphy technique.

answer: @entity6


abstract: With respect to the @entity1 there is no difference between the proposal of the UICC and the Heidelberg version for TNM classification of the @entity2 . Clinically the Heidelberg scheme seems more practical, but there were no statistical differences between them. With respect to the prognosis for the @entity0 , the size and localization of the @entity1 are of secondary importance. What is important is the degree of @entity1 spreading in the lymph system. From this point of view, one needs only to differentiate between T1 ( @entity1 restricted to the penis) and T2 ( @entity1 extending the bounds of the penis). On the other hand, size, localization, and degree of infiltration of @entity2 do have different therapeutic consequences, so from this point of view the differentiation of the @entity1 from T1 up to T4 should be retained. With respect to the classification of the state of the corresponding lymph system it is our opinion that the UICC proposal is too differentiated and has little meaning. In its stead, the Heidelberg scheme is clear and simple. Any examiner can complete it. With the help of life tables extending beyond 10 years after diagnosis we were able to determine that 5 years is not a sufficiently long time to clsoe a case of @entity1 . Even with proper treatment, the @entity0 may suffer up to 10 years or more from the disease. In @entity0 aged between 50 and 59 years of age the @entity1 seems to grow faster; in spite of proper and intensive treatment those @entity0 had a clearly limited life expectancy. In @entity0 aged 60-69 and more so in those between 70 and 79 years of age the @entity1 seemed to grow slowly and often had no effect on the survival rate.

title: On the classification of XXXX and its 10-year survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has increased in @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity6 in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity3 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 and treated with @entity6 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: An exon 21 point mutation and an exon 19 deletion of @entity2 were found in 10 and 11 @entity0 , respectively. A standard dose of @entity6 (125mg/day, three times a day) was prescribed to 16 @entity0 without previous @entity6 therapy. A double dose of @entity6 was prescribed to five @entity0 who developed @entity5 during @entity6 therapy with a standard dose. Eighteen of 20 @entity0 showed improvement of @entity4 and @entity1 . Seventeen of 21 @entity0 had an improved Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score after @entity6 treatment. The median overall survival of the @entity0 after the diagnosis of @entity5 was 10.1 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.4-12.0 months). Univariate analysis showed that the ECOG PS score, parenchymal brain metastasis, and previous @entity6 administration were significantly associated with @entity0 survival. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated that the ECOG PS score was an independent predictor for survival. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity6 is effective for the treatment of @entity5 from @entity3 with an @entity2 mutation, especially for @entity0 with a good ECOG PS score.

title: @entity6 might be effective for the treatment of @entity5 in XXXX with sensitive @entity2 mutations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In the treatment of @entity1 , @entity4 coils often fail to elicit a fibrotic response. We tested the hypothesis that a new, collagen-based endovascular coil would improve angiographic and histologic outcomes as compared with those achieved with @entity4 coils in a @entity0 model of @entity2 . METHODS: Elastase-induced @entity2 were created in 12 New Zealand White @entity0 (body weight, 3-4 kg). Embolization was performed either by use of collagen-based coils (n = 6) or @entity4 coils (n = 6). In both coil groups, subjects were kept alive for either 2 weeks (n = 3 [collagen], n = 3 [ @entity4 ]) or 10 weeks (n = 3 [collagen], n = 3 [ @entity4 ]) after embolization and then were sacrificed. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed immediately after embolization and immediately before sacrifice. Postmortem histologic analysis of all coils was performed. RESULTS: Collagen-based coils were loosely packed in all cases because of limitations in size of coils available for embolization. In all six @entity2 packed with collagen-based coils, progressive @entity3 was noted at follow-up (DSA). @entity4 coil samples were densely packed in all six cases. Progressive @entity3 was seen in one case, and interval regrowth was present in one case. Two weeks after embolization, collagen-based coil samples showed a marked peri-coil cellular response. Ten weeks after embolization, collagen-based samples had dense connective tissue matrix deposition in two of three cases. @entity4 coils had unorganized thrombus at 2 weeks; loose-matrix deposition was only seen in the 10-week samples. Smooth muscle actin-positive cells were seen across the neck of the @entity2 in four of six collagen-based coil cases. CONCLUSION: Collagen-based coils show a marked cellular response in @entity2 , with resultant high rates of progressive occlusion after embolization. Dense matrix deposition is commonly seen with collagen-based coils. This contrasts with low rates of progressive @entity3 and high rates of loose matrix deposition seen with @entity4 coils.

title: A collagen-based coil for embolization of @entity2 in a New Zealand White XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Extreme @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a known risk factor for @entity3 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Extreme @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is rare, and whether it is linked to a poor outcome is unknown. This study was designed to investigate differences between @entity1 @entity0 with extreme @entity5 and those with extreme @entity4 . METHODS: Among 2,413 @entity1 @entity0 , 31 with extreme @entity5 (maximum right ventricular wall thickness >= 10 mm) and 194 with extreme @entity4 (maximum left ventricular wall thickness >= 30 mm) were investigated. The main clinical features and natural history were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of extreme @entity5 and extreme @entity4 was 1.3 and 8.0%, respectively. @entity0 with extreme @entity5 tended to be younger and female (p < 0.01). Cardiovascular-related mortality and morbidity within 10 years were significantly greater in the extreme @entity5 group (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated 3 independent predictors for cardiovascular mortality - extreme @entity5 , left ventricular end-diastolic dimension >= 50 mm, and age  <=18 years at baseline - and 2 for morbidity - extreme @entity5 and @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with extreme @entity4 , extreme @entity5 was quite uncommon in @entity1 and had a worse prognosis. A right ventricle examination should be performed in routine @entity1 evaluation.

title: The Prevalence and Long-Term Outcomes of Extreme Right versus Extreme Left Ventricular XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Global cognitive scales and meta-analyses thereof are used to appraise therapeutic efficacy over a broad range of disease severity. Clinically, however, different aspects of cognition change in different stages of disease. METHODS: Calculation of effect sizes for single cognitive functions on treatment as assessed by the @entity1 Assessment Scale ( @entity4 -cog), the Mini-Mental-Status Examination (MMSE), and the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB). In these scales, subdomains of 'cognition', e.g. memory and language, are represented in different proportions. To exemplify the analysis of 'cognition', we used original data of previously published clinical studies with @entity3 . RESULTS: Depending on @entity2 severity and on the scale used, the effect size for memory varies between -0.44 and +0.34 and for language between -0.40 and +0.26. CONCLUSION: Beyond interstudy variance, effect sizes for treatment with antidementia drugs are subject to disease stage, instruments used, and interaction thereof. Therefore, clinical interpretation is necessary to appraise therapeutic efficacy in clinical studies and meta-analyses thereof when @entity0 with different severity are included or different instruments are used. Alternatively, severity-adapted endpoints should be used for appraisal and meta-analysis of therapeutic efficacy.

title: Measuring therapeutic efficacy in @entity0 with XXXX : role of instruments.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 enterocytes express apolipoprotein (apo)B-48, which is produced after posttranscriptional RNA editing of the nuclear @entity4 transcript by the catalytic deaminase @entity5 . Earlier studies in @entity5 -/- @entity1 revealed an @entity4 -only lipoprotein profile but no gross defects in @entity3 absorption. However, @entity2 may have been obscured by the mixed genetic background. In addition, the intrinsic susceptibility to proteolytic degradation of intestinal @entity4 and @entity4 has been questioned. Accordingly, we examined @entity3 absorption, intestinal @entity4 expression, and lipoprotein secretion in @entity5 -/- @entity1 backcrossed into a C57BL/6 background. Inbred @entity5 -/- @entity1 absorb @entity3 normally, yet secrete @entity3 -rich lipoproteins more slowly than wild-type congenic controls. There was comparable induction of @entity4 synthesis in response to fat feeding in both genotypes, but @entity4 was preferentially retained and more extensively degraded than @entity4 . By contrast, synthesis, secretion, and content of @entity6 were indistinguishable in @entity5 -/- and wild-type @entity1 with 100% recovery, suggesting no degradation of this apoprotein in either genotype. Newly secreted lipoproteins from isolated enterocytes of wild-type @entity1 revealed @entity4 in both high-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins. By contrast, @entity5 -/- @entity1 secreted @entity4 -containing particles that were almost exclusively in the low and very low-density lipoproteins range with no @entity4 -containing high-density lipoproteins. These studies establish the existence of preferential degradation of intestinal @entity4 and @entity2 in @entity3 secretion in @entity5 -/- @entity1 , coupled with a shift to the production of larger particles, findings that suggest an important divergence in intestinal lipoprotein assembly pathways with the different isoforms of @entity4 .

title: Intestinal lipoprotein assembly in @entity5 -/- XXXX reveals subtle alterations in @entity3 secretion coupled with a shift to larger lipoproteins.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To asses the incidence of local recurrence and distant @entity1 after complete resection for @entity2 in order to predict the predominant prognostic factors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 123 @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent curative resection over a 2-year period between January 1987 and December 1988. There were 83 male and 40 female @entity0 with a mean age of 64.8 +/- 12 years (range between 39 and 82 years). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for long term survival was undertaken. RESULTS: T1N0 lesions were found in 34 @entity0 and T2N0 in 89. The histological diagnosis was @entity5 in 75, @entity4 in 38, @entity3 in 6 and @entity6 in 4 @entity0 . Pneumonectomy was performed in 27 @entity0 (5 T1 and 22 T2) while 96 required lobectomy (29 T1 and 67 T2). At 5 years 50 @entity0 died. This was due to local recurrence in 12, distant @entity1 in 24, second primary in 1, unrelated disease in 3, while the cause was unknown in 10 @entity0 . At 5 years, 10 @entity0 were alive with evidence of recurrence. The mean interval for local recurrence was 19.8 months and for distant @entity1 was 18 months. The overall 5 year survival was 67% +/- 4 for T1 and 56% +/- 5 for T2 lesions (NS). The rate of recurrence was significantly less for T1 lesions (P = 0.02). Survival was significantly less for @entity0 requiring pneumonectomy rather than lobectomy (P = 0.01) whether for T1 or T2. CONCLUSION: In @entity2 T2 lesions requiring pneumonectomy for complete resection had a worse prognosis and higher incidence of local recurrence.

title: Disease recurrence after resection for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Honey is a common food supplement but not many studies have studied honey and drug interaction. This study investigates the influence of 7 days of honey administration on the activity of @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity1 drug-metabolizing enzymes in healthy volunteers by using appropriate biomarker and probe drugs. A within-group pharmacokinetic study was done in 12 healthy volunteers. Urine samples (0-8 hr) were collected after administration of 30 mg of oral @entity5 (probe drug for @entity2 ) for analysis of @entity5 and @entity0 . A plasma sample (4 hr) was collected after administration of 200 mg of oral @entity6 (probe drug for @entity1 ) for the analysis of @entity6 and @entity4 . Urine samples (0-24 hr) were collected for the analysis of @entity7 (biomarker for @entity3 ). The volunteers were administered honey for 7 days. Subsequently blood and urine samples were collected after drug dosing as before. These samples were analysed for drug and metabolite concentrations in urine and plasma using high performance liquid chromatography method. Seven days of honey administration resulted in statistically significant increase in 24-hr urinary excretion of @entity7 . However, the metabolic ratios of @entity5 and @entity6 were not significantly altered after 7 days of honey administration. Honey obtained from Western Ghats of southern India may induce @entity3 enzyme activity but not @entity2 and @entity1 enzyme activities.

title: Effect of honey on XXXX , @entity2 and @entity1 enzyme activity in healthy human volunteers.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A multistep HDC regimen was designed as first-line chemotherapy for MBC. Twenty-four @entity0 with MBC and no previous chemotherapy for metastatic disease were treated with high-dose @entity5 (5000 mg/m2), and @entity10 (1000 mg/m2) (CyVP16), followed by @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) were collected. Subsequently @entity0 received @entity5 (6000 mg/m2), @entity12 (500 mg/m2) and @entity11 (800 mg/m2) (CTCb) with hematopoietic rescue. Upon recovery from hematopoietic and gastrointestinal @entity1 three cycles of @entity3 (50 mg/m2) and @entity7 (150 mg/m2) were delivered. After CyVP16 42% of @entity0 developed @entity8 fevers. There was one documented episode of @entity9 . @entity0 received CTCb 32 days after starting CyVP16. After CTCb the median number of days to ANC >5 x 10(9)/l was 10 and to a platelet count >20 x 10(9)/l was 14. Neutropenic fevers developed in 16 @entity0 . There were no @entity2 episodes. A total of 69 cycles of @entity3 and @entity7 were delivered (87% of planned). The median time from PBSC infusion to the first cycle was 38 days. The median time to the second cycle was 27 days and to the last cycle was 24 days. One @entity0 developed @entity4 . Two episodes of @entity8 fevers were observed. No @entity1 -related deaths were observed. Grafts are stable at 6 months post transplantation. This multistep regimen is feasible with acceptable @entity1 .

title: High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support followed by post-transplant XXXX and @entity7 as initial therapy for metastatic breast cancer: hematopoietic tolerance and efficacy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the visual recovery after intravitreal injections of the antivascular endothelial growth factor, bevacizumab, in a case of vaso obliteration from idiopathic @entity9 , @entity4 , and @entity7 (IRVAN). The name IRVAN was given to the condition to highlight the key findings present in the disease. IRVAN is a severe, sight threatening condition that can lead to peripheral capillary non-perfusion and vision loss from the ischemic sequelae of @entity3 . Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the current standard of care for IRVAN but visual outcome is poor if PRP is initiated after @entity6 develops. Intravitreal bevacizumab has success at treating @entity6 from other @entity1 and inflammatory retinal conditions that have similar characteristics to IRVAN. CASE REPORT: This case report describes a @entity0 with @entity2 in the @entity8 . The @entity0 presented with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in the @entity10 and count fingers at 4 ft in the @entity8 . Evaluation revealed findings consistent with an advanced stage of IRVAN. Anterior and posterior @entity6 had developed from extensive capillary non-perfusion in both retinas. A dense vitreous @entity5 @entity8 . Bilateral intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and extensive PRP were given in the area of @entity7 for treatment. After 4 months, the @entity0 's vision had improved from count fingers in the @entity8 to 20/40. CONCLUSIONS: IRVAN has favorable outcomes when treated with a combination of PRP and intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of this combination treatment in a case of IRVAN with both posterior and anterior @entity6 .

title: Visual acuity recovery in a case of idiopathic @entity9 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 requires urgent thoracotomy, laparotomy, or both for esophageal repair and pleuromediastinal debridement. Minimally invasive techniques may be suitable alternatives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of 12 months, three @entity0 with spontaneous esophageal perforations after forceful @entity2 were treated by a combination of minimally invasive techniques including laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, mediastinoscopy, and endoscopic stenting. RESULTS: Esophageal repair was performed transhiatally via laparoscopy using primary suture, primary suture reinforced by a fundic patch, and fundic patch alone in one @entity0 each. One @entity0 had a second perforation of the proximal esophagus, which was sutured through a cervical incision. This @entity0 successfully underwent secondary endoscopic stenting for a persistent @entity3 . Mediastinal debridement was performed transhiatally and also by means of a mediastinoscope introduced via the cervical incision in one @entity0 . One @entity0 required secondary thoracoscopic debridement of a @entity5 but died of @entity1 after 1 month. The two other @entity0 recovered and were discharged from the hospital after 2 and 8 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is amenable to minimally invasive techniques. Avoidance of a formal thoracotomy with its resulting morbidity could be of considerable benefit to these critically ill @entity0 .

title: Minimally invasive approach to XXXX : a pilot study of three cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The topoisomerase I inhibitor @entity7 had demonstrated good antitumor activity in several @entity3 @entity2 systems and in @entity1 clonogenic assays by 1993. In that year, the @entity2 and @entity6 Group B (CALGB) began a phase II trial to determine its activity in @entity1 with @entity0 who had previously received one course of chemotherapy for @entity0 . Between April 1993 and June 1994, 53 @entity1 of performance status 0-2 entered the study, of whom 47 were eligible and 40 were evaluable. Topotecan was given at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 over 30 minutes daily for 5 days every 21 days. In the absence of progression or withdrawal of consent, therapy was continued indefinitely. The median age was 58 years (range 30-79). There were no complete responses and four partial responses, resulting in an objective response rate of 10% (95% CI: 3-24%). Responses were noted in lymph nodes, liver, and skin. The median duration of response was 5 months. The median survival was 12 months. Life-threatening @entity4 were almost exclusively hematologic. However, myelosuppression was not cumulative. It was concluded that topotecan has only modest activity among @entity1 with @entity0 who have previously received one course of chemotherapy. Given its modest activity and predominant @entity5 , it does not appear to be a promising drug for either single-agent or combination chemotherapy in the salvage setting of @entity0 .

title: Phase II trial of topotecan in XXXX : a @entity2 and @entity6 Group B study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive synovectomy techniques have been unsuccessful due to lack of selectivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of photodynamic therapy to destroy diseased synovium in an antigen-induced @entity2 model. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three sets of experiments evaluated the biodistribution and treatment effects of @entity3 (PF) in @entity1 with bilateral knee antigen-induced @entity2 . The first set of experiments evaluated the biodistribution of PF in articular tissues of 30 @entity1 from 6-72 hours after systemic injection of 2 mg/kg. In the second series of experiments, light was delivered to the knee joint via cleaved optical fibers, whereas for the third, light was delivered via a 600 microm diffusion tip fiber. Tissues were harvested at 2 and 4 weeks posttreatment. RESULTS: The biodistribution experiments demonstrated maximal uptake in inflamed synovium at 48 hours and a lack of uptake in normal tissues. With bare cleaved fibers, @entity0 was observed in one specimen at 2 weeks and was absent in all specimens at 4 weeks. In the third experiment, @entity0 was observed in 3 of 7 specimens at 2 weeks and 3 of 8 at 4 weeks. No damage to articular cartilage or periarticular tissues was seen with either mode of light delivery. CONCLUSION: These studies indicate that selective destruction of synovium can be achieved with PF and suggest that optimization of light delivery techniques will play an important role in development of this new technique.

title: Influence of light delivery on photodynamic synovectomy in an antigen-induced XXXX model for rheumatoid arthritis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Artificial neural networks interpretation of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) has so far been based on image data alone. Physicians reporting MPS often combine image and clinical data. The aim was to evaluate whether @entity7 would be improved by adding clinical data to image data. Four hundred and eighteen @entity0 were used for training and 532 @entity0 for testing the neural networks. First, the network was trained with image data alone and thereafter with image data in combination with clinical parameters (age, gender, previous @entity6 , percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, typical @entity4 , present smoker, @entity2 , hyperlipidaemia, @entity1 , @entity5 and positive family history). Expert interpretation was used as gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated, and the ROC areas for the networks trained with and without clinical data were compared for the diagnosis of @entity3 and ischaemia. There was no statistically significant difference in ROC area for the diagnosis of @entity3 between the neural network trained with the combination of clinical and image data (95.8%) and with image data alone (95.2%). For the diagnosis of ischaemia, there was no statistically significant difference in ROC area between the neural network trained with the combination of clinical and image data (87.9%) and with image data alone (88.0%). Neural network interpretation of MPS is not improved when clinical data are added to perfusion and functional data. One reason for this could be that experts base their interpretations of MPS mainly on the images and to a lesser degree on clinical data.

title: Clinical data do not improve artificial XXXX of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We report here a case of a @entity0 who underwent percutaneous intervention to the left anterior descending artery, complicated by @entity4 formation within the @entity2 distal to the lesion. There was complete angiographic resolution of @entity4 and restoration of the normal antegrade blood flow after infusion of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (abciximab). Our observation may suggest that the presence of @entity2 distal to coronary lesions should be considered seriously in preprocedural evaluation of the lesions as a potential risk factor for intracoronary @entity4 formation. The main coronary arteries and the proximal segments of their major branches lie free on the epicardial surface of the heart. However, in some instances these vessels may penetrate into the muscle being surrounded by the myocardium, with the overlying muscle referred to as a "bridge". @entity2 appears to be a @entity1 , due to failure of exteriorization of the primitive coronary intratrabecular arterial network. It occurs in 5-86% of @entity0 in autopsy studies, and it is observed as systolic coronary artery narrowing in 0.5-12% of @entity0 undergoing coronary arteriography. Although the gross anatomist had long recognized that the epicardial coronary artery might on occasion course directly through a segment of cardiac muscle, the physiological significance of this phenomenon was considered benign. This is partly because traditional teaching concerning coronary blood flow delivery to the left ventricular myocardium emphasized the primacy of the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle. However, @entity2 is not always a benign finding, with recent reports suggesting an association with @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity3 , and @entity6 .

title: Stent procedure complicated by XXXX formation distal to the lesion within a muscle bridge.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two broad treatment options exist for switching antidepressants for @entity1 @entity0 who fail to respond to a selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI): either a second course of SSRI therapy or a different class of antidepressants. The goal of the present work was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies comparing these two switch strategies. METHODS: Several sources were searched for randomized clinical trials comparing these two switch strategies. RESULTS: Data from four clinical trials (n = 1496) were combined using a random-effects model. @entity0 randomized to switch to a non-SSRI antidepressant ( @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 ) were more likely to experience remission than @entity0 switched to a second SSRI (risk ratio = 1.29, p = .007). Pooled remission rates were 28% (for non-SSRIs) and 23.5% (for SSRIs). There was also a nonsignificant trend (p = .1) in the rate of discontinuation due to intolerance favoring the within-class switch strategy (risk ratio = 1.23). There was no difference in response rates between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a modest yet statistically significant advantage in remission rates when switching @entity0 with SSRI-resistant @entity1 to a non-SSRI rather than an SSRI antidepressant. With the number needed to treat (NNT) statistic as one indicator of clinical significance, nearly 22 SSRI nonresponders would need to be switched to a non-SSRI rather than a second SSRI antidepressant to obtain one additional remitter. This difference falls well below the mark of NNT = 10 suggested by the United Kingdom's National Institute of Clinical Excellence but nonetheless might be of public health relevance given the large number of SSRI-resistant @entity0 switched to an SSRI versus a non-SSRI antidepressant.

title: Treatment of SSRI-resistant XXXX : a meta-analysis comparing within- versus across-class switches.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 equilibrative @entity5 transporter-3 ( @entity13 ) was recently reported as a pH-dependent, intracellular (lysosomal) transporter capable of transporting @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity12 (ddNs). Because most anti- @entity3 ddNs (e.g., @entity11 , @entity10 ) exhibit clinical @entity6 , we investigated whether @entity13 facilitates transport of anti- @entity3 ddNs into the mitochondria. Cellular fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy studies in several @entity0 cell lines identified a substantial presence of @entity13 in the mitochondria, with additional presence at the cell surface of two placental cell lines (JAR, JEG3). Mitochondrial or cell surface @entity13 expression was confirmed in @entity0 hepatocytes and placental tissues, respectively. Unlike endogenous @entity13 , yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged @entity13 was partially directed to the lysosomes. @entity4 oocytes expressing @entity8 -terminal-deleted @entity13 (expressed at the cell surface) showed pH-dependent interaction with several classes of @entity7 (anti- @entity3 ddNs, @entity2 , @entity14 , @entity9 ) that produce @entity6 . Transport studies in @entity13 gene-silenced JAR cells showed significant reduction in mitochondrial transport of @entity7 and @entity5 drugs. Our data suggest that cellular localization of @entity13 is cell type dependent and the native transporter is substantially expressed in mitochondria and/or cell surface. @entity13 -mediated mitochondrial transport may play an important role in mediating clinically observed @entity6 of @entity5 drugs. In addition, our finding that @entity13 is a mitochondrial transporter is consistent with the recent finding that mutations in the @entity13 gene cause an @entity1 in @entity0 called the H syndrome.

title: Facilitated mitochondrial import of antiviral and anticancer @entity5 drugs by XXXX equilibrative @entity5 transporter-3.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common @entity2 in @entity0 and adolescents. Immediate-release @entity3 (IR- @entity4 ) is the medical treatment of first choice. The necessity to use several IR- @entity4 tablets per day and associated potential social stigma at school often leads to reduced compliance, sub-optimal treatment, and therefore economic loss. Replacement of IR- @entity4 with a single-dose extended release (ER- @entity4 ) formulation may improve drug response and economic efficiency. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective of a switch from IR- @entity4 to ER- @entity4 in @entity0 who are sub-optimally treated. METHODS: A daily Markov-cycle model covering a time-span of 10 years was developed including four different health states: (1) optimal response, (2) sub-optimal response, (3) discontinued treatment, and (4) natural remission. ER- @entity4 options included @entity3 osmotic release oral system ( @entity4 -OROS) and Equasym XL/Medikinet CR. Both direct costs and indirect costs were included in the analysis, and effects were expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Univariate, multivariate as well as probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted and the main outcomes were @entity5 . RESULTS: Switching sub-optimally treated @entity0 from IR- @entity4 to MPH-OROS or Equasym XL/Medikinet CR led to per- @entity0 cost-savings of    4200 and    5400, respectively, over a 10-year treatment span. Sensitivity analysis with plausible variations of input parameters resulted in cost-savings in the vast majority of estimations. CONCLUSIONS: This study lends economic support to switching @entity0 with @entity1 with suboptimal response to short-acting IR- @entity4 to long-acting ER- @entity4 regimens.

title: Cost-effectiveness of extended-release @entity3 in @entity0 and adolescents with XXXX sub-optimally treated with immediate release @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Estrogen triggers rapid yet transient activation of the MAPKs, @entity9 and @entity6 . We have reported that this estrogen action requires the G protein-coupled receptor, @entity11 , and occurs via Gbetagamma-subunit protein-dependent transactivation of the @entity2 through the release of pro-heparan-bound EGF from the cell surface. Here we investigate the mechanism by which @entity3 activity is rapidly restored to basal levels after estrogen stimulation. Evidence is provided that attenuation of @entity3 activity by estrogen occurs via @entity11 -dependent stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and @entity10 -dependent signaling that results in @entity8 inactivation. We show that 17beta-E2 represses EGF-induced activation of the @entity7 -to- @entity6 pathway in @entity1 @entity0 cells that express @entity11 , including MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells which express both or neither, ER, respectively. MDA-MB-231 cells, which express @entity5 , but not @entity4 , and low levels of @entity11 protein, are unable to stimulate adenylyl cyclase or promote estrogen-mediated blockade of EGF-induced activation of @entity3 . Pretreatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with cholera toxin, which ADP-ribosylates and activates Galphas subunit proteins, results in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-independent adenylyl cyclase activity and suppression of EGF-induced @entity3 activity. Transfection of @entity11 into MDA-MB-231 cells restores their ability to stimulate adenylyl cyclase and attenuate EGF-induced activation of @entity3 by estrogen. Moreover, @entity11 -dependent, @entity10 -mediated attenuation of EGF-induced @entity3 activity was achieved by ER antagonists such as tamoxifen or ICI 182, 780; yet not by 17alpha-E2 or progesterone. Thus, our data delineate a novel mechanism, requiring @entity11 and estrogen, that acts to regulate @entity3 activity via an inhibitory signal mediated by @entity10 . Coupled with our prior findings, these current data imply that estrogen balances @entity3 activity through a single GPCR via two distinct G protein-dependent signaling pathways that have opposing effects on the @entity2 -to-MAPK pathway.

title: Estrogen action via the G protein-coupled receptor, XXXX : stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and @entity10 -mediated attenuation of the @entity2 -to-MAPK signaling axis.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: . The purpose was to estimate retrospectively the outcome of @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity10 treated with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). METHODS: Between 1988 and 1999, definitive IORT in combination with surgical excision was performed in 24 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity12 , 10; @entity7 , 6; @entity13 , 2; @entity8 , 1; @entity11 , 1; @entity15 , 1; @entity16 , 1; @entity6 , 1; @entity2 , 1) and 3 @entity0 with @entity10 . The @entity2 was excised by marginal margin excision, intralesional margin excision, or wide margin excision; 15-45 Gy electrons was then delivered to the affected sites. RESULTS: In the 8 @entity0 without distant metastases at the first visit, 4 @entity0 are alive 6.5-11.5 years after IORT, and 4 @entity0 died <4.5 years after IORT. The incidence of local recurrence was 13%. In the 19 @entity0 with distant metastases at the first visit, 3 @entity0 are alive 2.5-6.7 years after IORT, and 16 @entity0 died 0.2-5.7 years after IORT. The incidence of local recurrence was 45%. Complications after IORT were found in 5 @entity0 : @entity3 , 1 @entity0 ; @entity4 , 1 @entity0 ; @entity9 , 1 @entity0 ; @entity14 , 1 @entity0 ; and @entity1 , 1 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: IORT with a radiation dose of 15-45 Gy in combination with surgical excision appeared to be useful for local control and to be more effective in @entity0 without distant metastases at the first visit than in @entity0 with distant metastases.

title: Definitive intraoperative radiotherapy for @entity5 and XXXX in combination with surgical excision.

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose Research has only recently started to consider the applicability of physical activity (PA) for @entity0 with @entity1 . Although there is increasing evidence for the benefits of physical activity, this population remains generally physically inactive and sedentary. The aim of the current study is to highlight 10 pertinent physical activity research questions in @entity0 with @entity1 . Method The International Organisation of Physical Therapy in Mental Health (IOPTMH) executed a consultation of its National Organisations (n    =      13) to identify the most salient questions relevant to guide clinical practise on physical activity in @entity0 with @entity1 . Results We identified the following 10 questions: (1) What are the benefits of physical activity for @entity0 with @entity1 ? (2) What are the mechanisms of the physical activity effects in @entity0 with @entity1 ? (3) What are the most prominent safety issues for physical activity prescription in @entity0 with @entity1 ? (4) What is the most optimal physical activity prescription for @entity0 with @entity1 ? (5) What are the key barriers for engaging @entity0 with @entity1 in physical activity? (6) What are the most effective motivational interventions for physical activity adoption and maintenance in @entity0 with @entity1 ? (7) How do we translate physical activity research into clinical and community practise? (8) How can we ensure integration of physical therapists within the multidisciplinary mental health treatment team? (9) How can we prevent sedentary behaviour in @entity0 with @entity1 ? (10) What is the most appropriate physical activity assessment method in clinical practise? Conclusions Addressing these questions is critical for developing evidence-based approaches for promoting and sustaining an active lifestyle in @entity0 with @entity1 . Ultimately, achieving this will improve the quality of life of this population. Implications for Rehabilitation Investigation of behaviour change interventions for @entity0 with @entity1 is critical. A low cost, easy to use, clinical, valid physical activity questionnaire is urgently needed.

title: What are the top 10 physical activity research questions in XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An experiment was conducted to determine concentrations of DE, ME, and NE in @entity0 meal (SBM) produced in different areas of the United States if fed to growing @entity1 . Twenty-two sources of SBM were procured from crushing facilities located throughout the @entity0 growing area of the United States. For analysis, crushing plant locations were separated into 4 zones: 1) MI, MN, and SD ( = 4); 2) GA, IN, and @entity2 ( = 6); 3) IA, MO, and NE ( = 7), and 4) IL ( = 5). Dietary treatments included a @entity3 -based diet and 22 diets based on a mixture of @entity3 and each source of SBM. Twenty-three growing barrows (initial BW: 26.4    1.8 kg) were allotted to a 23 * 8 Youden square design with 23 diets and 8 periods. @entity1 were placed in individual metabolism crates that were equipped with a feeder, a cup waterer, slatted floors, and a urine tray. Feces and urine were collected for 5 d after a 7-d adaptation period. The GE was 4,165, 4,209, 4,162, and 4,198 kcal/kg (as-fed) for SBM from Zones 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and the GE in SBM from Zone 2 tended ( = 0.08) to be greater than the GE in SBM from Zones 1 and 3. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE for SBM was not different among zones. The DE and ME were 4,343 and 4,098; 4,319 and 4,117; 4,135 and 3,926; and 4,248 and 4,039 kcal/kg DM for SBM from Zones 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The DE and ME of SBM from Zones 1 and 2 were greater ( < 0.05) than the DE and ME of SBM from Zone 3, but the DE and ME of SBM from Zone 4 were not different from that of the other zones. Net energy was calculated for each source of SBM using a published prediction equation based on DE, ether extract, starch, CP, and @entity4 . The NE of SBM from Zones 1 and 2 (2,534 and 2,497 kcal/kg DM) was greater ( < 0.05) than the NE of SBM from Zone 3 (2391 kcal/kg DM), but the NE of SBM from Zone 4 (2448 kcal/kg DM) was not different from the NE of SBM from the other zones. Regardless of growing area, values for DE, ME, and NE of SBM determined in this experiment are greater than values published by and indicate that DE, ME, and NE values for SBM may be underestimated by . In conclusion, regardless of growing area, GE, DE, ME, and NE were not different for SBM from the northern or eastern growing area or from Illinois, but DE, ME, and NE were less in SBM from the western growing area.

title: Concentrations of digestible, metabolizable, and net energy in XXXX meal produced in different areas of the United States and fed to @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE, @entity0 AND METHODS: We studied retrospectively four @entity0 with @entity3 of the knee, the role of PCR for the detection of @entity4 DNA and its influence on further therapeutic decisions. RESULTS: All four @entity0 with @entity3 suffered from knee @entity1 and effusions. None of them remembered having had a tick bite or an @entity5 . The diagnosis was confirmed by positive serology and in three cases by detection of @entity4 DNA by PCR analysis of the joint fluid. In one @entity0 , PCR was also positive in the synovial tissue. Because of persistent symptoms after adequate antibiotic therapy, PCR was repeated in the joint fluid of two @entity0 . In one @entity0 a positive PCR suggested an ongoing @entity2 . Thus, the antibiotic treatment was changed. A further PCR was negative. Symptoms resolved slowly in all @entity0 over a time of two to seven months after the end of the antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSION: PCR to detect @entity4 DNA in synovial fluid or tissue respectively is a helpful tool for the diagnosis of @entity3 . Moreover, in @entity0 with refractory @entity3 PCR may be helpful in monitoring the course of the disease.

title: [The role of PCR for the diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of rim and segmental MRI enhancement of hepatic @entity1 of @entity2 after administration of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one @entity0 with a potentially resectable hepatic @entity1 of @entity2 consecutively underwent breath-hold T1-weighted MRI in the axial and coronal planes 30 minutes and 24 hours after administration of @entity4 . For each lesion, the presence or absence of rim enhancement and segmental enhancement 30 minutes and 24 hours after contrast administration was recorded. These features were evaluated separately for lesions 10 mm in diameter or larger and lesions smaller than 10 mm. The nature of each lesion was determined at histopathologic examination (n = 29) and on follow-up imaging (n = 32). RESULTS: Two hundred thirty lesions were identified at MRI: 210 lesions were metastatic, and 20 were benign. Rim enhancement was observed around 22 of 210 (10%) of the metastatic lesions at 30 minutes and 199 of 210 (95%) of metastatic lesions at 24 hours. Rim enhancement at 24 hours had 94.8% (95% CI, 91.8-97.8%) sensitivity, 90.0% (68.3-98.8%) specificity, 99.0% (97.6-100%) positive predictive value, 62.1% (42.3-79.3%) negative predictive value, and 94.3% (91.4-97.3%) diagnostic accuracy for @entity1 . Segmental enhancement was infrequently seen (34/210; 16%) at 24 hours but had 100% (89.7-100%) positive predictive value for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Rim and segmental enhancement at MRI 24 hours after @entity4 administration enabled accurate characterization of hepatic colorectal @entity1 . These features may aid in preoperative mapping of @entity3 burden and disease distribution in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of rim and segmental MRI enhancement of @entity3 after administration of XXXX trisodium.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Upregulation of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression is frequently found in a variety of @entity0 @entity1 . In this study, we examined COX-2 expression in @entity3 of the hypopharynx. COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was detected in 87% (20 of 23) of @entity1 tissues. Expression of COX-2 protein was examined by Western blot analysis. COX-2 protein levels were increased in @entity1 tissues and correlated with the expression level of mRNA. Immunohistochemical study was performed to detect the subcellular localization of COX-2. Our results showed that COX-2 was predominantly detected in @entity1 cells, and the staining pattern was cytoplasmic. Several histologically normal adjacent tissues obtained from these @entity0 were also investigated. We found that COX-2 mRNA was detectable in these tissues. However, COX-2 mRNA and protein levels were lower in these tissues than in @entity1 specimens. In contrast, COX-2 mRNA and protein levels in normal oral mucosa obtained from healthy volunteers were very low or undetectable. The frequency of COX-2 overexpression was significantly higher in the N1-N3 group than in the N0 group. These results suggest that overexpression of COX-2 is linked with increased lymphatic invasion in @entity2 . Collectively, these results suggest that overexpression of COX-2 is a frequent phenomenon in @entity2 and may play a role in tumorigenesis of this @entity1 .

title: Overexpression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 in XXXX of the hypopharynx.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several changes have been reported to occur in the cavernosal tissue and tunica albuginea with @entity9 . The @entity7 of the penis that occurs with @entity9 causes a decrease in penile @entity2 tension. A reduction in the number of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) has been demonstrated in relation to this change in @entity2 tension. Changes in the ratio of penile collagen have also been observed and could explain the decrease in penile elasticity and compliance with @entity9 . @entity3 is therefore associated with @entity4 but also with @entity8 - @entity10 reduction. The sensitivity of the a-adrenoceptors on the SMCs increases with @entity9 . Furthermore, @entity6 deprivation produces penile tissue atrophy, alterations in dorsal nerve structure, alterations in endothelial morphology, reductions in trabecular SM content, increases in deposition of extracellular matrix, and increases in accumulation of adipocytes in the subtunical region of the corpus cavernosum. All of these modifications can explain the prevalence of @entity5 with @entity9 . The aim of this review is to address the underlying etiology of corporal @entity4 , especially @entity9 , @entity1 , @entity6 deprivation, and tunical @entity4 . Finally, we will address the proposed amelioration and reversal of @entity4 in terms of correcting, at least partially, the relative SMC loss that occurs with @entity9 , @entity0 , or @entity1 and its impact on prevention of @entity5 -associated cavernosal @entity4 .

title: Amelioration of XXXX : myth or reality.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Improved vascular function after the incorporation of walnuts into controlled or high-fat diets has been reported; however, the mechanism(s) underlying this effect of walnuts is(are) poorly defined. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the acute and short-term effects of walnut intake on changes in microvascular function and the relationship of these effects to plasma @entity9 , the @entity8 -derived metabolites of @entity5 . Thirty-eight @entity3 postmenopausal @entity0 were randomized to 4 weeks of 5 g or 40 g of daily walnut intake. All outcomes were measured after an overnight fast and 4 h after walnut intake. Microvascular function, assessed as the reactive @entity2 index (RHI), was the primary outcome measure, with serum lipids and plasma @entity9 as secondary measures. Compared to 5 g of daily walnut intake, consuming 40 g/d of walnuts for 4 weeks increased the RHI and Framingham RHI. Total @entity1 and low- and high-density @entity1 did not significantly change after walnut intake. The change in RHI after 4 weeks of walnut intake was associated with the change in the sum of plasma @entity9 (r=0.65, P=.002) but not with the change in the sum of plasma @entity7 . Of the individual plasma @entity9 , @entity4 -derived @entity10 was most strongly associated with the change in microvascular function (r=0.72, P<.001). These data support the concept that the intake of walnut-derived @entity5 can favorably affect plasma @entity6 production, resulting in improved microvascular function.

title: Effects of short-term walnut consumption on XXXX microvascular function and its relationship to plasma @entity6 content.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective is to estimate average global and regional percentage brain @entity3 per year (BVL/year) of the physiologically ageing brain. Two independent, cross-sectional single scanner cohorts of healthy subjects were included. The first cohort (n  =  248) was acquired at the Medical Prevention Center (MPCH) in Hamburg, Germany. The second cohort (n  =  316) was taken from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS). @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), white matter (WM), corpus callosum (CC), and thalamus volumes were calculated. A non-parametric technique was applied to fit the resulting age-volume data. For each age, the BVL/year was derived from the age-volume curves. The resulting BVL/year curves were compared between the two cohorts. For the MPCH cohort, the BVL/year curve of the @entity2 was an increasing function starting from 0.20% at the age of 35  years increasing to 0.52% at 70  years (corresponding values for @entity1 ranged from 0.32 to 0.55%, WM from 0.02 to 0.47%, CC from 0.07 to 0.48%, and thalamus from 0.25 to 0.54%). Mean absolute difference between BVL/year trajectories across the age range of 35-70  years was 0.02% for @entity2 , 0.04% for @entity1 , 0.04% for WM, 0.11% for CC, and 0.02% for the thalamus. Physiological BVL/year rates were remarkably consistent between the two cohorts and independent from the scanner applied. Average BVL/year was clearly age and compartment dependent. These results need to be taken into account when defining cut-off values for pathological annual brain @entity3 in disease models, such as @entity0 .

title: Global and regional annual brain XXXX rates in physiological aging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity2 ( @entity9 ) for treatment of @entity5 and severe @entity11 caused by @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: Between December 2008 and November 2011, 25 @entity0 (37 hips) with @entity5 and severe @entity11 caused by @entity7 were treated. There were 22 males and 3 females, aged 29-38 years (mean, 35.6 years). The disease duration was 8-16 years (mean, 13.2 years). Of them, 18 cases had complete limitation of hip motion, and 16 cases had severe @entity1 (Cobb's angel >=  60 degrees). All 25 cases underwent spinal wedged osteotomy at first, and then received @entity9 after 8 weeks. The effectiveness was evaluated by Harris hip score, range of motion (ROM) of the hip, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Cobb's angle, and information and data exchange system (IDES) criteria for @entity4 , respectively. RESULTS: The @entity0 were followed up 12-14 months (mean, 13 months). Spondylolisthesis (II degree) occurred in 1 case spinal after wedged osteotomy, and was corrected after second operation. No @entity3 or @entity6 was observed. Bony fusion was obtained at osteotomy ends at 6 months after operation. The Cobb's angle was significantly corrected from (83.5    10.4)degrees preoperatively to (25.4   . 5.5)degrees (t = 24.63, P = 0.00) 12 months postoperatively. One case had traction @entity8 after @entity9 , and the muscle function recovered at 9 months after operation. According to IDES criteria, up-displacement of cup (< 5 mm) was observed in 1 @entity0 , who had no obvious clinical symptoms; periacetabular @entity10 occurred in 1 @entity0 , with no displacement of cup. No obvious radiolucent was seen in 37 hips. The Harris hip score was significantly improved from (26.87    4.23) preoperatively to 85.92    6.04) (t = 28.72, P = 0.00) 3 months postoperatively; the VAS score was significantly decreased from (6.71    1.14) preoperatively to (2.31    0.82)(t = 42.26, P = 0.00) 3 months postoperatively; and the flexion-extension ROM of the hip was significantly improved to 60-100 degrees (mean, 72.0 degrees) at post-operation, and the abduction ROM of the hip was improved to 20-40 degrees (mean, 28.7 degrees). CONCLUSION: Spinal wedged osteotomy combined with @entity9 is an efficient treatment for @entity5 and severe @entity11 caused by @entity7 .

title: [Spinal wedged osteotomy combined with total hip arthroplasty for @entity5 and severe @entity11 caused by XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is one of the targeted molecular markers in many @entity1 including @entity2 . @entity8 and @entity6 are two available therapeutics that act as specific inhibitors of @entity7 kinase (TK) domains. We performed a case-control study with @entity3 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (FFPE) from tissue biopsies of 167 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 and 167 healthy controls. The tissue biopsies were studied for mutations in exons 18-21 of the @entity4 gene. This study was performed using PCR followed by DNA sequencing. We identified 63 mutations in 33 @entity0 and 30 @entity0 . Mutations were detected in exon 19 ( @entity11 ) in 32 @entity0 , exon 20 ( @entity12 , @entity10 ) in 16, and exon 21 ( @entity9 ) in 15. No mutations were observed in exon 18. The 63 @entity0 with EFGR mutations were considered for upfront therapy with oral @entity7 kinase inhibitor (TKI) drugs and have responded well to therapy over the last 15 months. The control @entity0 had no mutations in any of the exons studied. The advent of @entity4 TKI therapy has provided a powerful new treatment modality for @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 . The study emphasizes the frequency of @entity4 mutations in @entity5 @entity0 and its role as an important predictive marker for response to oral TKI in the south Indian population.

title: Correlation between XXXX Gene Mutations and Lung Cancer: a Hospital-Based Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate @entity2 ( @entity2 ) samples retrieved in @entity1 by single insertion of the needle, for rapid assessment of chromosome copy number, zygosity, and cross-contamination between fetuses, using Quantitative Fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction (QF-PCR) amplification of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 were selected (47 twins, 5 triplets) and 108 samples of @entity2 were sampled between 12 to 20 weeks of gestation (mean 15.5) using the single-needle technique. Aneuploidy screening by QF-PCR amplification of short tandem repeats (STRs) on chromosomes X, Y, 21, 13, and 18 was carried out within 24 h of collection. Owing to the sampling procedure, the eventual presence of contamination between fetuses was also evaluated in every case. RESULTS: Normal and aneuploid fetuses were readily identified by QF-PCR. Fetal reduction was made available, for trisomic fetuses, without further waiting for completion of fetal karyotyping. In twin gestations, the ultrasound examination of chorionicity was always in agreement with the molecular assessment of zygosity. Contamination between fetuses due to the sampling procedure with a single puncture was never observed. CONCLUSION: Rapid prenatal diagnosis of @entity0 by QF-PCR is a sensitive, efficient, and reliable assay. When applied in @entity1 , it has the added value of allowing the assessment of zygosity in all cases, independently of chorionicity and fetal sex.

title: Rapid prenatal diagnosis of @entity0 and zygosity in XXXX by amniocentesis with single insertion of the needle and quantitative fluorescent PCR.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower extremity @entity2 secondary to @entity8 are frequently seen in the civilian populations of urban areas. Although these wounds have fewer complications than high-energy gunshot @entity2 , the functional and @entity1 is still significant making appropriate timely orthopaedic treatment and follow-up imperative. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to present our outcomes in the treatment of @entity8 in a civilian population at an urban, level one @entity2 center in @entity0 treated by a standard protocol. METHODS: One hundred and thirty three @entity0 who sustained 148 gunshot wound @entity2 were treated at our level one @entity2 center between January 1(st), 2009 and October 1(st), 2011. Following IRB approval, we extracted information from medical records regarding hospital course, length of stay and type of operative or non-operative treatment. If available, injury and post-operative radiographs were also reviewed. @entity0 were contacted by telephone to obtain Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) surveys, @entity3 on a scale of 0-10 and for the determination of any adverse events related to their shooting. RESULTS: There were 125 @entity0 (94.0%) and 8 @entity0 (6.0%) with an average age of 27.1 years (range 15.2-56.3). Seventy-six @entity0 (57.1%) did not have any health insurance upon admission. The average length of stay in the hospital was 4.5 days (range 0.0-88.0). Fifty-one gun shots (34.5%) resulted in @entity4 of the lower extremities. @entity0 underwent a total of 95 lower extremity-related procedures during their hospitalization. Twenty-two @entity0 (16.5%) experienced a complication related to their gunshot wounds. 38% of the cohort was available for long-term functional assessment At a mean 23.5 months (range 8-48) of follow up, @entity0 reported mean Functional and Bothersome SMFA scores of 19.6 (SD 15.9) and 10.9 (SD 15.6) suggesting that these @entity0 have poorer function scores than the general population. These @entity0 still had @entity3 related to their @entity2 with an average @entity3 score of 2.16 (range 0-8). CONCLUSIONS: Gunshot @entity2 to the extremities may involve bone, soft tissue, and @entity6 . Execution of appropriate therapeutic methods in such situations is critical for treating surgeons given the potential for complications. At our level one @entity2 center, gunshot victims were predominantly young, uninsured adult @entity0 . Complications included @entity5 , and @entity7 . Functional data collected demonstrated that @entity0 continued to have difficulties with ADL's at long-term follow-up.

title: Outcomes Following Low-Energy Civilian Gunshot Wound XXXX to the Lower Extremities: Results of a Standard Protocol at an Urban @entity2 Center.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of this study was to assess @entity2 and @entity1 in urinary incontinent @entity0 and to investigate factors influencing their self-perception of @entity3 severity. METHODS: In this prospective study, 82 incontinent @entity0 estimated the severity of @entity3 using a visual analogue scale and completed a validated quality of life instrument: @entity3 severity score. Psychiatrists evaluated @entity2 and @entity1 using a structured interview of Hamilton Depression and Hamilton Anxiety Scales. @entity0 were classified on the basis of history and urodynamic evaluation into two diagnostic groups: stress @entity3 (n = 57) and idiopatic urge @entity3 with or without @entity4 (n = 25). RESULTS: @entity2 occurred in 44.0% of @entity0 with idiopatic urge (+/- stress) @entity3 and in 17.5% @entity0 with @entity4 (odds ratio (OR 3.69), 95% confidence interval (95% CI 1.30-10.49)). Twenty two @entity0 had severe @entity3 defined as @entity3 Severity Score > or =14 points (upper quartile) and 23 @entity0 defined as visual analogue scale > or =9 (upper quartile). In logistic regression analysis, @entity2 (OR 5.57; 95% CI 1.19-26.11), urge @entity3 diagnosis (OR 23.13; 95% CI 1.90-282.11), parity (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.16-4.60) and high Urgency Score (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.32-2.85) predicted @entity3 Severity Score above the upper quartile. Only the pad-test (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.02) predicted visual analogue scale above upper quartile. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 correlates with reduced @entity3 specific quality of life. This data also suggests an association between @entity2 and idiopatic urge @entity3 .

title: Severe @entity2 determines quality of life in urinary incontinent XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One of the causes of @entity3 in chronic @entity1 @entity0 is the inability of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to terminate their maturation program at lesions. To identify key regulators of myelin gene expression acting at the last stages of OPC maturation we developed a drug repositioning strategy based on the @entity2 immortalized oligodendrocyte (OL) cell line Oli-neu brought to the premyelination stage by stably expressing a key factor regulating the last stages of OL maturation. The Prestwick Chemical Library   of 1,200 FDA-approved compound(s) was repositioned at three dosages based on the induction of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression. Drug hits were further validated using dosage-dependent reproducibility tests and biochemical assays. The glucocorticoid class of compounds was the most highly represented and we found that they can be divided in three groups according to their efficacy on @entity4 up-regulation. Since target identification is crucial before bringing compounds to the clinic, we searched for common targets of the primary screen hits based on their known chemical-target interactomes, and the pathways predicted by top ranking compounds were validated using specific inhibitors. Two of the top ranking compounds, @entity7 and @entity6 , act as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) agonists to up-regulate myelin gene expression in the Oli-neuM cell line. Further, RxRy activation is required for @entity4 expression upon @entity7 and @entity6 treatment. These data indicate @entity6 and @entity7 as potential promyelinating drugs and also provide a mechanistic understanding of their mode of action in the pathway leading to myelination in OPCs. Furthermore, our classification of glucocorticoids with respect to @entity4 expression provides important novel insights into their effects in the CNS and a rational criteria for their choice in combinatorial therapies in de-myelinating diseases.

title: @entity6 and XXXX Act as @entity5 Agonists to Promote Myelin Gene Expression and RxRy Receptor Activation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The occurrence of reduced @entity3 ( @entity3 ) among adolescent @entity0 with @entity14 or secondary @entity13 , due to 'pure' dysfunction of the hypothalamo- @entity1 (without @entity6 nervosa, excessive sport or ballet, slimming diet, etc.) was examined. The study group consisted of 19 adolescent @entity0 (age 16-18 years) with oligo/ @entity13 . Clinical (height, weight, age at menarche, duration of @entity13 , body mass index (BMI)), hormonal (follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), @entity2 , @entity11 , @entity5 , prolactin), and ion ( @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity15 ) parameters and the @entity3 of the lumbar spine were investigated. Correlations between @entity3 and other parameters were also examined. Twenty healthy volunteers (same age and regular cycles) served as controls. Three @entity0 had @entity4 , with a @entity3 below -2 standard deviations (SD). Ten showed @entity12 , with a @entity3 value between -1 and -2 SD. Only six of the study group had a normal @entity3 within +/- 1 SD. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity3 and the BMI (r = 0.73; p < 0.05). All the controls had normal hormonal, ion and @entity3 parameters. 'Pure' dysfunction of the @entity1 in adolescents, causing @entity14 or secondary @entity13 , might result in reduced @entity3 and, consequently, lower peak bone mass. Treatment of menstrual cycle disorders is necessary for the prevention of @entity4 .

title: Occurrence of @entity12 among adolescent @entity0 with oligo/ XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: BACKGROUND: Candidaemia and other forms of @entity1 ( @entity9 ) in the intensive care unit are challenging conditions that are associated with high rates of mortality. New guidelines from the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and @entity2 strongly recommend @entity6 for the first-line treatment of @entity9 . Here, a cost-effectiveness model was developed from the United Kingdom perspective to examine the costs and outcomes of antifungal treatment for @entity9 based on the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and @entity2 guidelines. METHODS: Costs and treatment outcomes with the echinocandin @entity8 were compared with those for @entity7 , @entity3 and @entity5 . The model included non- @entity4 @entity0 aged >= 16  years with confirmed @entity9 who were receiving intravenous first-line treatment. @entity0 were categorised as either a clinical success or failure ( @entity0 with persistent/breakthrough infection); successfully treated @entity0 switched to oral therapy, while @entity0 categorised as clinical failures switched to a different antifungal class. Other inputs were all-cause mortality at 6  weeks, costs of treatment-related adverse events and other medical resource utilisation costs. Resource use was derived from the published literature and from discussion with clinical experts. Drug-acquisition/administration costs were taken from standard United Kingdom costing sources. RESULTS: The model indicated that first-line @entity8 could be considered cost-effective versus @entity5 (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio   813 per life-year gained) for the treatment of @entity9 . @entity8 was cost-saving versus @entity7 and @entity3 due to lower total costs and a higher rate of survival combined with a higher probability of clinical success. DISCUSSION: European Society for Clinical Microbiology and @entity2 guidelines recommend @entity6 for the first-line treatment of @entity9 ; our model indicated that @entity8 marries clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: From the United Kingdom perspective, @entity8 was cost-effective compared with @entity5 for the treatment of @entity9 and was cost-saving versus the other @entity6 .

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of XXXX for the treatment of candidaemia and other forms of @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity0 with @entity3 have generalized @entity2 (GTCS) while others have only partial @entity2 (PS). We investigated the relationship between @entity1 localization and @entity2 generalization using quantitative lesion mapping on magnetic resonance images. METHODS: Twenty one @entity0 with histologically proven @entity3 and GTCS (n=11) or PS (n=10) were studied. Data were acquired on a 3 Tesla MRI System. We performed lesion mapping techniques to compare the spatial distribution of @entity3 between @entity0 groups, and quantitatively determined the extent to which lesions intersected each probabilistic regions-of-interest, including the cerebral lobes, thalamus, striatum, and genu of the corpus callosum. RESULTS: In @entity0 experiencing GTCS, the greatest lesion load was observed in mesial frontal regions, including cortex connected to the genu. In contrast, the greatest lesion load in @entity0 experiencing PS was observed more caudo-laterally in orbitofrontal and temporal lobes, but typically sparing cortex connected to the genu. The number of lesion intersections with genu region of interest was significantly greater in @entity0 experiencing GTCS relative to @entity0 with PS (p=0.03). There were no significant differences between @entity0 groups with respect to lesion intersection with the individual cerebral lobes, thalamus and striatum, or with respect to overall @entity3 size. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the genu of the corpus callosum may be a major pathway for @entity2 generalization in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: The role of the corpus callosum in @entity2 spread: MRI lesion mapping in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The authors examined the relationship between the time required to enter complete remission (CR) after a first course of chemotherapy for newly diagnosed @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), or @entity4 ( @entity4 ). They also examined subsequent survival time and disease-free survival time after accounting for cytogenetic status, age, and treatment. The data set consisted of 1101 @entity0 with these diagnoses treated at the M. D. Anderson @entity1 Center between 1980 and 1996 for whom outcomes were established after first-course therapy. Of the 1101 @entity0 , 740 (67%) were in CR after this time; 508 of these 740 (69%) have died (80% had disease recurrence before @entity2 ). The authors used the parametric model of Shen and Thall to estimate, in particular, T(C) (time to CR), T(C,D) (time from CR to @entity2 = residual survival after CR), and T(C,R) (residual disease-free survival [DFS] after CR) as functions of the covariates noted above and to estimate the dependence of T(C,D) and T(C,R) on T(C). There was a strong inverse association between T(C) and both T(C,D) and T(C,R) (P <.001 for both) that was independent of cytogenetic status, age, or treatment. The residual survival time of @entity0 who required >50 days to enter CR was closer to the residual survival time of resistant @entity0 than to that of @entity0 known to be in CR within approximately 30 days of the start of treatment. Time to CR is an independent predictor of residual survival and disease-free survival in @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity3 who achieve CR after 1 course of chemotherapy. (Blood. 2000;95:72-77)

title: Effect of time to complete remission on subsequent survival and disease-free survival time in XXXX , @entity4 , and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Euromelanoma is a @entity2 education and prevention campaign that started in 1999 in Belgium as ' @entity0 day'. Since 2000, it is active in a large and growing number of European countries under the name Euromelanoma. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate results of Euromelanoma in 2009 and 2010 in 20 countries, describing characteristics of screenees, rates of clinically suspicious lesions for @entity2 and detection rates of @entity0 . METHODS: Euromelanoma questionnaires were used by 20 countries providing their data in a standardized database (Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, FYRO Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldavia, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine). RESULTS: In total, 59,858 subjects were screened in 20 countries. Most screenees were female (64%), median ages were 43 (female) and 46 (male) and 33% had phototype I or II. The suspicion rates ranged from 1.1% to 19.4% for @entity0 (average 2.8%), from 0.0% to 10.7% for @entity3 (average 3.1%) and from 0.0% to 1.8% for @entity1 (average 0.4%). The overall positive predictive value of countries where (estimation of) positive predictive value could be determined was 13.0%, @entity0 detection rates varied from 0.1% to 1.9%. Dermoscopy was used in 78% of examinations with clinically suspected @entity0 ; full body skin examination was performed in 72% of the screenees. CONCLUSION: Although the population screened during Euromelanoma was relatively young, high rates of clinically suspected @entity0 were found. The efficacy of Euromelanoma could be improved by targeting high-risk populations and by better use of dermoscopy and full body skin examination.

title: The XXXX prevention campaign in Europe: characteristics and results of 2009 and 2010.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The delivery of @entity0 before 37 weeks gestation is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in the United States. Traditional methods of predicting @entity0 at risk relying on obstetric history or premonitory symptoms (detected clinically or by tocodynamometry) are neither sensitive nor specific. Recent approaches to predicting @entity5 have included sonographic measurement of cervical length and various biochemical assays. Although more sensitive than traditional methods, none of these alone exhibits sufficient accuracy to warrant widespread use. We contend that the failure of current approaches to predicting @entity5 reflects an inadequate understanding of the underlying pathogenesis. Clinical and experimental evidence support the concept that most cases of @entity5 reflect four pathogenic processes, which share a common final biological pathway leading to uterine contractions and cervical changes with or without @entity6 rupture of membranes. These pathogeneses are: (1) activation of the maternal or fetal @entity4 ; (2) decidual-chorioamniotic or systemic @entity1 ; (3) decidual @entity2 (i.e. abruption); and (4) pathological distention of the uterus. Our research seeks to combine the most useful biophysical and biochemical markers of such processes with optimal clinical and epidemiological predictors into a composite, easily applied risk tool. This integrated approach has the potential to identify at-risk asymptomatic @entity0 with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, and also to ascertain underlying pathogenic processes that can lead to targeted therapy. To accomplish these goals, we employ logistic regression and artificial @entity3 models to assess and apply the appropriate weight to markers associated with each of the above pathogenic pathways, in addition to markers of the final common pathway leading to fetal membrane rupture, cervical extracellular matrix degradation, and myometrial activation. By combining these markers, we expect ultimately to produce a predictive model that is more robust than any existing method, and that identifies the relative contribution of each pathogenic process. Further analysis of this model using a @entity3 will enable us to identify asymptomatic @entity0 destined to deliver preterm with high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and to assess the relative contribution of each of the four distinct pathogeneses to this @entity5 risk.

title: Risk stratification and pathological mechanisms in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome and the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity15 who were treated with @entity7 -based chemotherapy immediately after initial surgery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity0 with @entity2 who were referred for consideration of treatment to the Departments of Medical Oncology participating in the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. RESULTS: Over a 14-year period 53 @entity0 were included in our study. There were 13 @entity0 with @entity11 and 40 @entity0 with @entity1 . Forty percent of @entity0 underwent complete resection of their @entity1 . @entity7 -based chemotherapy consisted primarily of @entity6 , @entity12 , and @entity8 ( @entity13 ) in 9 @entity0 ; @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity6 ( @entity14 ) in 15 @entity0 ; and @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity10 (BEC) in 25 @entity0 . With a median follow-up of 39 months, 5 @entity0 developed @entity4 and died of their @entity1 and 1 @entity0 died of @entity8 -induced @entity5 with no evidence of active @entity1 . The 5-year overall survival was 100% for @entity0 with @entity11 and 85% for @entity0 with @entity1 . Eighty percent of @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and @entity3 after surgery remain disease free. CONCLUSION: With this study we confirm that @entity0 with @entity15 have a favorable outcome when treated with @entity7 -based chemotherapy.

title: Favorable outcome of @entity15 treated with XXXX or @entity10 -based chemotherapy: a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: A certain degree of @entity1 is related to an increased cardiovascular risk. The cardiovascular protection exerted in the postmenopausal state by the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is debated. No studies have so far explored the relationship between menopause, renal function and cardiovascular risk profile in healthy menopausal @entity0 in relation with @entity2 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 362 postmenopausal healthy @entity0 with normal albumin excretion rate were recruited and divided into two groups ( @entity2 + and @entity2 -) according to the presence or absence of @entity2 . All @entity0 underwent a complete routine biochemical analyses and an echocardiogram. RESULTS: Clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar, but @entity2 + showed a significantly higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR; by CKD-EPI formula). Regarding the heart ultrasonography, @entity2 + had a significantly lower size of the aortic root and left atrium diameter (p  =  0.038 and p  =  0.012, respectively); no differences were found in the ejection fraction and Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI). In the whole study group, @entity3 correlated inversely with LVMI and with the size of the aortic root (both p  <  0.0001), being GFR the only determinant of the former by a stepwise regression. Dividing the study population according to an @entity3 cut-off (>  80 and <  80  ml/ @entity4 .73  m(2) ); >  80 @entity0 , in comparison with <  80, showed a significantly lower LVMI and lower size of aortic bulb, further reduced in the @entity2 +. CONCLUSION: In a cohort of healthy, drug-na  ve, postmenopausal @entity0 , @entity2 seems to positively affect glomerular filtration and is associated with lower values of left ventricular mass and aortic root size, thus offering a further mechanism through female hormones exert cardioprotection.

title: Hormone replacement therapy, renal function and heart ultrasonographic parameters in postmenopausal XXXX : an observational study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Paediatric @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been associated with acute and long-term mathematical difficulties. Little is known about the recovery of these impairments in @entity0 with mild @entity3 (mTBI) and their underlying pathophysiology, such as @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study followed the recovery of mathematical @entity1 in @entity0 with mTBI from the sub-acute (1 month @entity2 ) to chronic stage (6-8 months @entity2 ) of recovery. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Twenty @entity0 with mTBI and 20 matched controls completed mathematics tests. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) metrics of white matter pathways corpus callosum (CC), superior and @entity5 were examined with DTI-tractography. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Mathematical difficulties and @entity1 in the CC observed shortly after the injury resolved after 6-8 months of recovery. @entity0 with mTBI continued to show working @entity4 . Longitudinal DTI data suggest continued maturation of the CC in controls, but little maturation of the damaged CC in @entity0 with mTBI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with mTBI recovered in terms of mathematical @entity1 . These @entity0 continued to show working @entity4 , which might interfere with learning at school.

title: Longitudinal changes in mathematical @entity1 following paediatric mild XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Physical activity guidelines for adults only recognize the health benefits of accumulating bouted moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), or MVPA occurring over at least 10 consecutive minutes. There is a lack of evidence supporting the health benefits of other patterns and intensities of activity including sporadic MVPA (i.e., MVPA occurring in periods of fewer than 10 consecutive minutes) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The objective of this study was to examine the health benefits associated with physical activity that does not meet the physical activity guidelines criteria for bouted MVPA. Specifically, we examined the association between sporadic MVPA and bouted and sporadic @entity2 with the @entity1 . Methods. We studied a representative cross-sectional sample of 1,974 adults aged 20 years and older from the 2003-2006 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Physical activity was measured over 7 days using Actigraph AM-7164 accelerometers. Each minute over the 7-day measurement period was classified as being of a sedentary, light, or moderate-to-vigorous intensity. A 10 min threshold differentiated bouted activity from sporadic activity. Average minutes/day of sporadic @entity2 , sporadic MVPA, bouted @entity2 , bouted MVPA, and embedded MVPA (MVPA occurring within bouts of primarily @entity2 ) were calculated. @entity1 status was determined using established criteria. Associations were examined using logistic regression and controlled for relevant covariates. Results. For every 30 min/day of physical activity, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the @entity1 was reduced by 4% (1-7%) for bouted @entity2 , 64% (51-71%) for bouted MVPA, and 57% (45-67%) for embedded MVPA. Sporadic @entity2 was not independently associated with the @entity1 . We could not examine the association between sporadic MVPA and the @entity1 because @entity0 accumulated such a marginal amount of this type of activity (i.e., median = 2 min/day, only 11% of @entity0 accumulated >= 5 min/day). Conclusion. The intensity of non-bouted activity is important, as embedded MVPA had a stronger association with the @entity1 than sporadic @entity2 and a comparable association to bouted MVPA.

title: Intensity of bouted and sporadic physical activity and the XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: (1) Liraglutide is a long-acting @entity5 derivative, designed for once daily administration in type II @entity1 @entity0 . To investigate the effects of liraglutide on glycemic control and beta-cell mass in @entity2 models of @entity6 , studies were performed in male Zucker @entity1 fatty (ZDF) @entity2 and in 60% pancreatectomized @entity2 . (2) When liraglutide was dosed s.c. at 150 microg kg-1 b.i.d. for 6 weeks in ZDF @entity2 6-8 weeks of age at study start, @entity1 development was markedly attenuated. Blood @entity3 was approximately 12 mm lower compared to vehicle (P<0.0002), and plasma insulin was 2-3-fold higher during a normal 24-h feeding period (P<0.001). Judged by pair feeding, approximately 53% of the antihyperglycemic effect observed on 24-h @entity3 profiles was mediated by a @entity4 , which persisted throughout the study and averaged 16% (P<0.02). (3) Histological analyses revealed that beta-cell mass and proliferation were significantly lower in prediabetic animals still normoglycemic after 2 weeks treatment compared to vehicle-treated animals that had begun to develop @entity1 . When the treatment period was 6 weeks, the liraglutide-treated animals were no longer completely normoglycemic and the beta-cell mass was significantly increased compared to overtly @entity1 vehicle-treated animals, while beta-cell proliferation was unaffected. (4) In the experiments with 60% pancreatectomized @entity2 , 8 days treatment with liraglutide resulted in a significantly lower @entity3 excursion in response to oral @entity3 compared to vehicle treatment. Again, part of the antihyperglycemic effect was due to reduced food intake. No effect of liraglutide on beta-cell mass was observed in these virtually normoglycemic animals. (5) In conclusion, treatment with liraglutide has marked antihyperglycemic effects in rodent models of @entity6 , and the in vivo effect of liraglutide on beta-cell mass may in part depend on the metabolic state of the animals.

title: GLP-1 derivative liraglutide in @entity2 with XXXX : influence of metabolic state on beta-cell mass dynamics.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microsurgery is one of the primary current standard options for the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Especially the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach is a safe and efficacious technique for the preservation of hearing and @entity3 in small @entity4 . @entity2 are rare, although a leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is common. The aim of this study was to analyze postoperative CSF leaks and to describe strategies for postoperative treatment. Between October 2005 and May 2012, 148 @entity0 suffering from @entity4 and selected for microsurgery via the MCF approach were treated in our department. Postoperative CSF leakage occurred in 19 @entity0 . We found a leakage via the Eustachian tube into the nasopharynx in 18 @entity0 and one case of incisional leakage. In 13 cases leaking stopped within 5  days by conservative management including bed rest and intravenous (i.v) antibiotics. Five @entity0 needed lumbar drainage (LD) and only two @entity0 had to undergo revision surgery to seal and pack the mastoid. Analyzed risk factors were age, gender, @entity1 size and pneumatization of the mastoid. Only the latter showed a significant influence on CSF leakage. We could demonstrate that a stepwise strategy is needed for successful treatment of CSF leaks.

title: Management of CSF leakage after microsurgery for XXXX via the middle cranial fossa approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an effective treatment in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In most @entity0 , the optimal IVIg dose and regime is unknown. Polyvalent immunoglobulin (Ig) G form idiotypic/anti-idiotypic antibody pairs in serum and IVIg preparations. We determined IgG dimer levels before and after IVIg treatment in @entity2 @entity0 with the aim to explore their utility to serve as a surrogate marker for treatment response. METHODS: IgG was purified from serum of five controls without treatment, as well as from serum of 16 @entity2 @entity0 , two @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and one @entity0 with @entity1 before and after treatment with IVIg. IgG dimer levels were determined by size exclusion chromatography. IgG dimer formation was correlated with clinical response to IVIg treatment in @entity2 . Re-monomerized IgG dimer fractions were analyzed for immunoreactivity against peripheral nerve tissue. RESULTS: IgG dimer levels were significantly higher in post- compared to pre-IVIg infusion samples. Low post-treatment IgG dimer levels in @entity2 @entity0 were associated with clinical worsening during IVIg treatment. Re-monomerized IgG dimer fractions from @entity2 @entity0 showed immunoreactivity against peripheral nerve tissue, whereas similarly treated samples from @entity3 @entity0 showed immunoreactivity against GQ1b. CONCLUSION: Assessment of IgG dimer levels could be a novel approach to monitor @entity2 @entity0 during IVIg treatment, but further studies in larger cohorts are warranted to explore their utility to serve as a potential therapeutic biomarker for IVIg treatment response in @entity2 .

title: XXXX ( @entity2 ): change of serum IgG dimer levels during treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 noroviruses (NoV) are the leading cause of @entity3 worldwide. Epidemiological studies of outbreaks have suggested that @entity2 facilitates transmission of @entity0 NoV, but there have been no laboratory-based studies characterizing the degree of NoV release during a @entity2 event. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate that virus aerosolization occurs in a simulated @entity2 event, and to estimate the amount of virus that is released in those aerosols. A simulated @entity2 device was constructed at one-quarter scale of the @entity0 body following similitude principles. Simulated vomitus matrices at low (6.24 mPa*s) and high (177.5 mPa*s) viscosities were inoculated with low (108 PFU/mL) and high (1010 PFU/mL) concentrations of bacteriophage @entity5 and placed in the artificial "stomach" of the device, which was then subjected to scaled physiologically relevant pressures associated with @entity2 . Bio aerosols were captured using an SKC Biosampler. In @entity1 , there were notable differences between recovered aerosolized @entity5 as a function of pressure (i.e., greater aerosolization with increased pressure), although this was not always statistically significant. This relationship disappeared when using high viscosity simulated vomitus. The amount of @entity5 aerosolized as a @entity4 " ranged from 7.2 x 10-5 to 2.67 x 10-2 (which corresponded to a range of 36 to 13,350 PFU total). To our knowledge, this is the first study to document and measure aerosolization of a NoV surrogate in a similitude-based physical model. This has implications for better understanding the transmission dynamics of @entity0 NoV and for risk modeling purposes, both of which can help in designing effective infection control measures.

title: Aerosolization of a XXXX Norovirus Surrogate, Bacteriophage @entity5 , during Simulated Vomiting.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the most dangerous pathogens in hospital settings. Most strains of @entity2 carry one or more prophages and some of them, like   CD38-2 and   CD119, can influence the expression of toxin genes. However, little is known about the global host response in the presence of a given prophage. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we used RNA-seq to conduct a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of the epidemic @entity4 carrying the   CD38-2 prophage. A total of 39 bacterial genes were differentially expressed in the @entity4 lysogen, 26 of them being downregulated. Several of the regulated genes encode transcriptional regulators and PTS subunits involved in @entity0 , @entity1 and @entity3 / @entity3 uptake and metabolism.   CD38-2 also upregulated the expression of a group of regulatory genes located in phi-027, a resident prophage common to most ribotype 027 isolates. The most differentially expressed gene was that encoding the conserved phase-variable cell wall protein CwpV, which was upregulated    20-fold in the lysogen. Quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence showed that the increased cwpV expression results from a greater proportion of cells actively transcribing the gene. Indeed,    95% of lysogenic cells express cwpV as opposed to only    5% of wild type cells. Furthermore, the higher proportion of cells expressing cwpV results from a higher frequency of recombination of the genetic switch controlling phase variation, which we confirmed to be dependent on the host-encoded recombinase RecV. In summary,   CD38-2 interferes with phase-variation of the surface protein CwpV and the expression of metabolic genes.

title: Global transcriptional response of XXXX carrying the phiCD38-2 prophage.

answer: @entity2