abstract: The objective of this study was to describe patterns and predictors of work absence in the prospective, community-based Maine Carpal Tunnel Study. Three hundred fifteen @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were recruited from physicians' offices throughout Maine. The @entity0 completed questionnaires at entry and after 6, 18, and 30 months. The questionnaires included scales measuring symptom severity, functional status, general and mental health status, exposure to physical stressors, work status, and other indicators. The analyses examined univariate and multivariate correlates of work absence. The mean age was 43, 72% of subjects were female, 71% underwent carpal tunnel release, and 45% were receiving Workers' Compensation. Fifty-two percent worked in managerial or technical occupations, 15% in service occupations, and 13% in heavy labor or machine operation. Forty-five percent of @entity0 changed jobs or were absent from work (aside from postoperative recovery) during the 30-month follow-up. In multivariate logistic regression models, correlates of work absence at 18 months included worse functional status of the hand at study entry and at 6-month follow-up, involvement of an attorney at the time of enrollment (P < 0.002 for each), and work absence at 6 months (P = 0.03). Worse upper extremity functional status and having a contested Workers' Compensation claim are critical predictors of work absence and should be principal targets of interventions to reduce @entity1 in @entity2 .

title: Prevalence and predictors of long-term @entity1 due to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A signaling cascade that includes @entity2 ( @entity2 ), Ras, and @entity7 regulates @entity5 ( @entity6 ) gene expression in epidermal keratinocytes (Efimova, T., LaCelle, P., Welter, J. F., and Eckert, R. L. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 24387-24395 and Efimova, T., and Eckert, R. L. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 1601-1607). Because signal transfer downstream of @entity7 may involve several MAPK kinases (MEKs), it is important to evaluate the regulatory role of each MEK isoform. In the present study we evaluate the role of @entity4 in transmitting this signal. Constitutively active @entity4 (caMEK6) increases @entity6 promoter activity and increases endogenous @entity6 levels. The caMEK6-dependent increase in gene expression is inhibited by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, @entity1 , and is associated with a marked increase in @entity0 MAPK activity; JNK and ERK kinases are not activated. In addition, @entity6 gene expression is inhibited by dominant-negative @entity0 and increased when caMEK6 and @entity0 are co-expressed. caMEK6 also activates @entity3 , but @entity3 inhibits the caMEK6-dependent activation. These results suggest that @entity4 increases @entity6 gene expression by regulating the balance between activation of @entity0 , which increases gene expression, and @entity3 , which decreases gene expression.

title: @entity4 regulates human @entity5 gene expression via a XXXX - and @entity3 -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Eosinophil infiltration is a histological feature of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying eosinophilic infiltration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of the @entity6 , @entity8 , in @entity0 pancreatic myofibroblasts. METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and quantitative polymerase chain reactions were used to quantify @entity8 protein and messenger RNA levels, respectively. RESULTS: @entity8 expression was induced by T helper type 2 cytokines, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 , in time- and dose-dependent manners. Both @entity2 and @entity3 induced the rapid phosphorylation of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity5 -specific small interfering RNA significantly blocked @entity2 expression, indicating involvement of @entity5 signaling pathways in @entity8 induction. In contrast, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) protein-specific small interfering RNA experiments suggested that the @entity7 family proteins are negative regulators of @entity2 expression in pancreatic myofibroblasts. Interferon-y significantly inhibited @entity2 expression, and this response was mediated by @entity4 activation. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic myofibroblasts may be a cellular source of @entity8 in the pancreas. The T helper type 2 cytokines, @entity2 and @entity3 , are critical factors for the induction of @entity8 in the pancreas.

title: @entity8 ( XXXX ) Expression in @entity0 Pancreatic Myofibroblasts.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is diagnosed with or without a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) component. Previous analyses have found significant differences in @entity2 characteristics between pure @entity3 lacking @entity4 and mixed @entity3 with @entity4 . We will test our hypothesis that pure @entity3 represents a form of @entity0 with etiology and risk factors distinct from mixed @entity3 / @entity4 . METHODS: We compared reproductive risk factors for @entity0 risk, as well as family and smoking history between 831 @entity1 with mixed @entity3 / @entity4 (n  =  650) or pure @entity3 (n  =  181), and 1,620 controls, in the context of the @entity1 's Circle of Health Study (WCHS), a case-control study of @entity0 in African-American and European-American @entity1 . Data on reproductive and lifestyle factors were collected during interviews, and @entity2 characteristics were abstracted from pathology reports. Case-control and case-case analyses were conducted using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Most risk factors were similarly associated with pure @entity3 and mixed @entity3 / @entity4 . However, among postmenopausal @entity1 , risk of pure @entity3 was lower in @entity1 with body mass index (BMI) 25 to <30 [odds ratio (OR) 0.66; 95  % confidence interval (CI) 0.35-1.23] and BMI  >=   30 (OR 0.33; 95  % CI 0.18-0.67) compared to @entity1 with BMI  <  25, with no associations with mixed @entity3 / @entity4 . In case-case analyses, @entity1 who breastfed up to 12  months (OR 0.55; 95  % CI 0.32-0.94) or longer (OR 0.47; 95  %  CI 0.26-0.87) showed decreased odds of pure @entity3 than mixed @entity3 / @entity4 compared to those who did not breastfeed. CONCLUSIONS: Associations with some @entity0 risk factors differed between mixed @entity3 / @entity4 and pure @entity3 , potentially suggesting differential developmental pathways. These findings, if confirmed in a larger study, will provide a better understanding of the developmental patterns of @entity0 and the influence of modifiable risk factors, which in turn could lead to better preventive measures for pure @entity3 , which have worse disease prognosis compared to mixed @entity3 / @entity4 .

title: XXXX risk factor associations differ for pure versus invasive carcinoma with an in situ component in case-control and case-case analyses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: An attempt was made to determine whether measurement of the systolic pressure with the Doppler ultrasonic technique can be used to detect occlusions of the digital arteries. @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 92 @entity0 (44 @entity0 , 48 @entity0 ) with an average age of 47.5 years (range: 19-82 years) were investigated. Of these, 17 were diagnosed with a primary @entity3 , 45 with a secondary, and 5 @entity0 with a suspected secondary @entity3 ; 25 @entity0 had digital occlusions of varying genesis. In all @entity0 , the Doppler ultrasonic technique was applied to measure the systolic pressure of the digital arteries of both hands at a room temperature of 21-24 degrees Celsius without any additional thermal (warm or cold) provocation or use of vasodilatory agents; the results obtained were compared with arteriographs of the hands. RESULTS: While the sensitivity of the Doppler ultrasonic technique was a very low 55%, the specificity was a very high 95%. With a prevalence of 68%, the positive predictive value was 96%, the negative predictive value 50%. In the case of angiographically patent digital arteries with no @entity2 , the Doppler ultrasonic-measured systolic pressure was up to 30 mmHg above, and up to 25 mmHg below, the systolic pressure measured in the ipsilateral brachial artery. A pressure gradient between upper arm and digital arteries of this order of magnitude therefore does not exclude pathological changes. Only angiography was able reliably to detect vascular stenoses and occlusions. CONCLUSION: Reliable exclusion of digital @entity1 using the Doppler ultrasonic technique without testing for @entity4 is not possible. Only occlusions of digital arteries together with simultaneous occlusions of hand arteries can be reliably detected. Owing to the considerable scatter of the systolic blood pressure gradient between brachial and digital arteries, the Doppler ultrasonic technique cannot be used to distinguish between patent and occluded digital arteries without the use of additional vasodilation.

title: Does the measurement of digital arterial pressure using the Doppler ultrasonic technique without testing for XXXX to detect digital @entity1 make good sense?

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To differentiate between the phenomenon of collateral perfusion from a side branch versus graft-related @entity5 after endovascular repair of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), with respect to @entity1 size and prognosis. METHODS: We successfully treated 64 @entity4 @entity0 with endovascular grafting. We followed all the @entity0 postoperatively with spiral computed tomography at one, three, six and 12 months, and biannually thereafter. We measured @entity1 diameters preoperatively and postoperatively. We calculated preoperatively the relation of maximum aortic diameter (D) to the @entity3 -free lumen diameter (L) expressed as an L/D ratio. Median follow-up was 15 months. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 had collateral perfusion during follow-up. We successfully treated two @entity0 with embolization. One @entity0 showed resolution of collateral perfusion after we stopped warfarin treatment. Two @entity0 died of unrelated causes during follow-up. One @entity0 was converted to surgical treatment, and two @entity0 showed spontaneous resolution of their collateral perfusion. The group of @entity0 with perfusion showed no statistically significant change of their aortic diameter on follow-up. The group of @entity0 without perfusion showed a median decrease in aortic diameter of 8mm (p < 0.0001) at 18 months postoperatively. The group of @entity0 with perfusion had significantly less @entity3 in their @entity1 sac preoperatively than the group without perfusion, as expressed by the L/D ratio (mean L/D 0,61 versus 0,78, respectively; p=0.0021.) CONCLUSION: There was no significant increase in aortic diameter on an average 18 months postoperatively despite persistent collateral perfusion. This may indicate a halted disease progression in the short term. Embolization of collateral vessels is associated with risk of @entity2 . We recommend a conservative approach with close observation if @entity1 diameter is stable.

title: Persistent collateral perfusion of @entity4 after endovascular repair does not lead to progressive change in XXXX diameter.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Salivary @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a potent toxin for the @entity0 fungal pathogen @entity5 , induces noncytolytic efflux of cellular @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity4 in the absence of cytolysis, implicating these ion movements in the toxin's fungicidal activity. @entity6 action on Candida resembles, in many respects, the action of the K1 killer toxin on @entity1 , and in that system the @entity1 plasma membrane @entity3 channel, @entity7 , has recently been reported to be a primary target of toxin action. The question of whether the Candida homologue of @entity1 @entity7 might be a primary target of @entity6 action has now been investigated by disruption of the @entity5 @entity7 gene. The resultant strains ( @entity7 / @entity7 ) and ( @entity7 / @entity7 ) were compared with wild-type Candida ( @entity7 / @entity7 ) for relative @entity2 leakage and killing in response to @entity6 . Patch-clamp measurements on Candida protoplasts were used to verify the functional deletion of @entity7 and to provide its first description in Candida. @entity7 is an outwardly rectifying, noisily gated, 40-pS channel, very similar to that described in @entity1 . Knockout of CaTOK1 ( @entity7 / @entity7 ) completely abolishes the currents and gating events characteristic of @entity7 . Also, knockout ( @entity7 / @entity7 ) increases residual viability of Candida after @entity6 treatment to 27%, from 7% in the wild type, while the single allele deletion ( @entity7 / @entity7 ) increases viability to 18%. Comparable results were obtained for Hst-induced @entity2 efflux, but quantitative features of @entity2 loss suggest that wild-type @entity7 genes function cooperatively. Overall, very substantial killing and @entity2 efflux are produced by @entity6 treatment after complete knockout of wild-type @entity7 , making clear that @entity7 channels are not the primary site of @entity6 action, even though they do play a modulating role.

title: Killing of @entity5 by @entity0 salivary @entity6 is modulated, but not determined, by the XXXX channel TOK1.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 in @entity2 embryos increases hematocrit (Hct), blood @entity5 content, and blood viscosity. The latter may limit @entity5 transport capacity (OTC) via increased peripheral resistance. Hct increase may result from increased nucleated red blood cell concentration ([RBC]) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) or reduced plasma volume. We hypothesized changes in Hct, hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), [RBC] and MCV and their effects on viscosity would reduce OTC. Five experimental treatments that increase Hct were conducted on day 15 embryos: 60min water submergence with 60min recovery in air; exposure to 15% @entity5 with or without 5% @entity4 for 24 h with 6 h recovery; or exposure to 10% @entity5 with or without 5% @entity4 for 120 min with 120 min recovery. Control Hct, [Hb], [RBC], MCV, and viscosity were approximately 26%, 9g%, 2.0 10(6) L(-1), 130 m(3), and 1.6mPas, respectively. All manipulations increased Hct and blood viscosity without changing blood osmolality (276mmolkg(-1)). Increased viscosity was attributed to increased [RBC] and MCV in submerged embryos, but solely MCV in embryos experiencing 10% @entity5 regardless of @entity4 . Blood viscosity in embryos exposed to 15% @entity5 increased via increased MCV alone, and viscosity was constant during recovery despite increased [RBC]. Consequently, blood viscosity was governed by MCV and [RBC] during submergence, while MCV was the @entity1 in extrinsic @entity0 with or without @entity3 . Increased Hct and blood @entity5 content did not compensate for the effect of increased viscosity on OTC during these challenges.

title: Dynamics of blood viscosity regulation during @entity0 challenges in the @entity2 embryo ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of udder @entity3 in a dairy herd that was experiencing an outbreak of @entity2 . DESIGN: Clinical survey. ANIMALS: 1,597 Holstein @entity1 and late-gestation heifers. PROCEDURE: Animals were examined for udder @entity3 and for @entity0 consistent with sarcoptic or chorioptic mange. Skin scrapings were collected from 56 @entity1 and examined for ectoparasites. The herd was revisited 1 year later, and prevalences of udder @entity3 and lesions consistent with mange were determined in 506 @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 1,597 @entity1 examined, 280 (18%) had udder @entity3 , and 1,397 (87.5%) had lesions consistent with mange. In 43 of 56 (77%) @entity1 , skin scrapings revealed Sarcoptes mites. Udder @entity3 was significantly more common in older than in younger @entity1 . In first-lactation @entity1 , udder @entity3 was less common during the first 4 months of lactation than in the later stages of lactation, but udder @entity3 was identified in @entity1 in all stages of lactation and in @entity1 that were not lactating. The herd was treated with eprinomectin to control mites, and prevalence of lesions consistent with mange 1 year later was only 2.8%. However, prevalence of udder @entity3 was still 12%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that @entity1 in any stage of lactation and @entity1 that are not lactating can have udder @entity3 but that lesions are more common in older @entity1 . Control of @entity2 was accompanied by a moderate reduction in the prevalence of udder @entity3 but did not eliminate the condition.

title: Udder XXXX and @entity2 in a dairy herd.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience with diagnosis and therapy of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with @entity6 who had undergone total colectomy were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In 5 @entity0 with benign and 8 @entity0 with @entity6 , their average age at operation was 31.5 years (range 10 - 57), 25 years in benign @entity0 and 36 years in malignant @entity0 . @entity4 histories were found in 8 @entity0 in 6 families. Nineteen @entity0 were determined in 6 families in 3 generations. Seven familial members died of @entity3 in 4 families. History lasted 2 - 20 years. The number of @entity6 was more than 100. All @entity0 underwent total colectomy, ileostomy or anus-preserving surgery with or without @entity7 . All @entity0 without @entity2 survived. The longest one exceeded 25 years, but 3/8 @entity0 with @entity2 developed @entity1 of liver, brain and abdomen within 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 will turn to be @entity2 if not removed. Total colectomy or proctocolectomy should be performed before @entity2 . Total colectomy, preserving muscular sheath of the rectum after mucosectomy, @entity7 -anal @entity5 may be the operative choice for @entity6 .

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: We have investigated the effects of repairing knee @entity2 in @entity0 by using porous @entity3 66/nano- @entity1 (PA66/n-HA) combination bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Eighteen 6-month-old @entity0 were used to produce the models of 4 mm x 4 mm osteochondral defect in the middle trochlea groove of femur. These models were randomly divided into 3 groups: PA66/n-HA + MSCs Group (Group A), PA66/n-HA group (Group B) and Operation control-group (Group C) in which operation for @entity2 was performed but neither material nor cells were implanted. The materials in Group A were seeded with MSCs (5 x 10(5)) in vitro before being implanted in to defects. The materials in groups A and B were 0.5 - 0.8 mm lower than normal cartilage. The animals were killed 1 and 4 months after operation. We assessed the effects by means of macroscopic observation, HE staining, @entity4 staining, immunohistochemistry assay for type I and type II collagen. Group A displayed a little effect at the 1 month, but at the 4th month, Group A showed better results,compared to Groups B and C. At this time point, the repair tissue of Group A was regular; it presented more metachromatic substance visualized by @entity4 staining, and it expressed type II collagen(+ +) and type I collagen(+). These results demonstrate that the repair tissue in Group A is nearly hyaline cartilage. So we presume that porous PA66/n-HA provides biomechanical support, and at the same time, MSCs enhance the repair effects.

title: [Preliminary studies on repairing XXXX in the @entity0 knee joint by using porous PA66/n-HA combination mesenchymal stem cells].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cytotoxins directed to interleukin-4 receptors have shown to mediate relatively selective @entity3 against a variety of @entity0 @entity1 cells in vitro and in vivo. In an ongoing Phase I clinical trial, a recombinant protein comprised of circularly permuted @entity6 fused to a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (the fusion protein termed @entity6 (38-37)-PE38KDEL or cpIL4-PE) has shown antitumour activity against @entity2 . @entity0 @entity5 are @entity1 that occur in @entity0 and have a poor prognosis. The goal of this study was to determine whether @entity0 @entity5 derived cell lines express @entity8 and whether @entity8 expression is accompanied by sensitivity to cpIL4-PE. @entity5 cell lines express @entity8 at the protein and mRNA levels as determined by binding, indirect immunofluorescence and RT--PCR studies. These cells expressed @entity8 (also known as IL-4Rbeta) and IL-13Ralpha1 (also known as IL-13Ralpha') chains, however common gamma(c), a component of the @entity8 system in immune cells was not detected. Consistent with the expression of @entity8 , cpIL4-PE was found to be highly and specifically cytotoxic to four of five @entity5 cell lines. Susceptibility of @entity5 cell lines to cpIL4-PE seemed to correlate closely to the functional @entity6 binding sites in general as demonstrated by 125I- @entity6 binding, but did not seem to correlate with mRNA or cell surface immunoreactive receptor protein expression. The sensitivity of @entity5 cells to cpIL4-PE could be eliminated by concurrent incubation with @entity6 or @entity7 , but not with @entity4 . None of these cell lines showed any change in proliferation upon treatment with exogenous @entity6 . These studies establish the @entity8 as a @entity5 -associated target for possible @entity1 -directed @entity1 therapy. Further studies are warranted to investigate @entity8 expression in primary @entity1 and sensitivity to cpIL-4PE in vitro and in vivo.

title: @entity6 receptors on @entity0 @entity1 serve as a sensitive target for a circular permuted XXXX -Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein.

answer: @entity6


abstract: This article aims to emphasize that @entity1 following peptic ulcer surgery, though uncommon in the post vagotomy era, still continues to occur. We stress the changing trends in its epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis and treatment. The case records of 12 @entity0 with @entity1 (seen over a 15 year period) were reviewed. Details regarding clinical presentation, investigations and treatment were analyzed and the results compared with previous published series. All the 12 @entity0 in this study had a short loop posterior retrocolic gastrojejunostomy as part of the primary peptic ulcer surgery. @entity2 and profound @entity3 was present in all of them. @entity4 was proved in all the six @entity0 investigated for the same. The @entity1 was demonstrated in all of them on barium enema, while it was seen on upper GI endoscopy in 4. Eight @entity0 were treated by a one stage resection and repair of @entity1 . A three stage procedure was performed in two.

title: XXXX following surgery for peptic ulcer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnostic laparoscopy plays a significant role in the evaluation of acute and chronic @entity1 in the era of therapeutic laparoscopic surgery. METHODS: We referred to our personal series of laparoscopy for both acute and chronic @entity1 . This is a retrospective review of data accumulated prospectively between 1979 and the present. RESULTS: In our series, 387 consecutive @entity0 underwent laparoscopy because of @entity1 . In a group of 121 @entity0 with acute @entity1 , a definitive diagnosis was made in 119 cases (98%). Two @entity0 needed laparotomy to confirm the diagnosis; both had a disease process that did not require laparotomy to treat. A definitive therapeutic laparoscopic procedure was performed in 53 cases 944%). In 45 @entity0 (38%), a diagnosis was made that did not require therapeutic laparoscopy or laparotomy to treat. In the remaining 21 @entity0 (17.5%), exploratory laparotomy was needed to treat the condition. In a chronic @entity1 group of 265 @entity0 , the etiology was established laparoscopically in 201 cases (76%). A definitive therapeutic laparoscopic procedure was performed in 128 @entity0 (48%). There was a normal laparoscopic examination in 64 @entity0 (24%). There was one false negative laparoscopy that required laparotomy to treat 1 month later. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy is an accurate modality for the diagnosis of both acute and chronic @entity1 . These data support the use of laparoscopy as the primary invasive intervention in @entity0 with acute and chronic @entity1 .

title: The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The targeted delivery of genes whose products arrest the cell cycle and/or induce apoptosis represent an important tool for the understanding and controlling forms of unregulated cell growth. The vpr gene product of @entity5 has been reported to interfere with cell growth and induce apoptosis, but the mechanism of its action is not clearly understood. In order to study these important properties of Vpr, we created a recombinant adenovirus H5.010 @entity4 -vpr (adCMV-vpr) as a tool to deliver the vpr gene to various cell lines to examine its biology. Vpr protein expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis in adCMV-vpr infected cells. We tested the effects of adCMV-vpr on cell growth of several @entity1 cell lines. Infection of both @entity3 positive and @entity3 deficient @entity1 cell lines with adCMV-vpr resulted in dramatic induction of cell death in short-term assays. We observed that apoptosis was induced through the mitochondrial pathway as we observed changes in the @entity6 content accompanied by @entity7 activation. As @entity2 is reported to interfere with apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, we examined the effect of adCMV-vpr in @entity2 over expressing cell lines. We observed that @entity2 overexpression does not inhibit adCMV-vpr induced apoptosis. The properties of adCMV-vpr inducing apoptosis through @entity7 in a @entity3 pathway independent manner suggest that this is an important reagent. Such a vector may give insight into approaches designed to limit the growth of pathogenic @entity0 cells.

title: Adenovirus encoding XXXX Vpr activates @entity7 and induces apoptotic cell death in both @entity3 positive and negative @entity0 @entity1 cell lines.

answer: @entity5


abstract: One case of primary @entity3 is presented. @entity3 is a rare @entity2 . Of 83 cases reported in the literatures, 54 were recorded in detail. The incidence of the disease in the male is higher than that in the female. @entity0 , adolescents and young adults may be involved. Its clinical and X-ray manifestations are similar to those of @entity1 . The diagnosis is established by pathologic examination. Direct visualization, biopsy and brushing during bronchoscopy are important methods for preoperative diagnosis. The chance of positive sputum cytology is very small. The pathologic features of this disease are emphasized. It is suggested that surgery be more effective for this @entity2 than the other @entity1 .

title: [Primary XXXX --a case report].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Transoral laser surgery today is the mainstay of treatment for T1 and T2 @entity2 . The vocal ability remains sufficient in the majority of @entity0 . However, in some cases, a significant glottic gap may persist, leading to poor voice quality. We report a special technique of medialization thyroplasty using autologous cartilage specifically adapted for vocal rehabilitation after laser resection. Six @entity0 with a significant glottic gap following laser surgery were treated. For vocal rehabilitation, a special medialization technique was performed. The superior rim of the thyroid cartilage of the resected side was exposed. A 1 x 2-cm piece of cartilage was harvested and reimplanted into a subperichondrial pouch created on the inner side of the thyroid cartilage. When phonation was optimal, this cartilaginous strut was sutured and/or glued in place. In all 6 cases, the vocal function improved significantly. The @entity3 index (0 = normal, 3 = aphonia), which includes objective parameters as well as expert voice ratings and the @entity0 's perception, increased by 1.1 on average (range, 0.4 to 1.6). The results have been lasting. The established medialization techniques are of limited value in a larynx scarred by laser surgery. Injection augmentation is often futile because the tight scar tissue does not lend itself to augmentation. Implantation of nonorganic material may cause problems if revision surgery for @entity1 recurrence should become necessary or if the implant protrudes into the scarred endolarynx. The technique reported avoids these pitfalls and leads to voice quality improvement comparable to that of established medialization procedures.

title: Surgical voice rehabilitation after laser surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a condition in which neuromuscular transmission is affected by antibodies against @entity5 components ( @entity7 , MG; and @entity10 gravis, NMG) or by defects in genes for @entity5 proteins ( @entity9 , CMSs). Clinically, some individuals seem to benefit from treatment with @entity8 , but its effects and adverse effects have not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects and adverse effects of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity3 , transient neonatal MG, and the @entity9 . SEARCH METHODS: On 17 November 2014, we searched the Cochrane @entity6 Group Specialized Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE. We also searched reference lists of articles, conference proceedings of relevant conferences, and prospective trial registers. In addition, we contacted manufacturers and researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing @entity8 as a single or add-on treatment with any other active treatment, placebo, or no treatment in adults or @entity0 with @entity3 , NMG, or CMSs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed study design and quality, and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We collected information on adverse effects from included articles, and contacted authors. MAIN RESULTS: We found no RCTs or quasi-RCTs, and therefore could not establish the effect of @entity8 on MG, NMG and CMSs. We describe the results of 53 non-randomised studies narratively in the Discussion section, including observations of endurance, muscle strength and quality of life. Effects may differ depending on the type of @entity4 . Thirty-seven studies were in @entity0 with CMS, five in @entity0 with MG, and in 11 the precise form of @entity4 was unknown. We found no studies for NMG. Reported adverse effects included @entity2 , @entity1 , nervousness, and withdrawal symptoms. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence available from RCTs or quasi-RCTs, but some observations from non-randomised studies are available. There is a need for more evidence from suitable forms of prospective RCTs, such as series of n-of-one RCTs, that use appropriate and validated outcome measures.

title: @entity8 for XXXX , @entity10 and the @entity9 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We evaluated 58 @entity0 (mean age 30.4 years) who had undergone an isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for chronic instability (mean time from injury to surgery, 8.2 +/- 5.2 years) and showed radiographic evidence of degenerative @entity2 . Objective evaluation at a mean of 4.1 years postoperatively included KT-1000 arthrometer stability, range of motion, and quadriceps muscle strength testing. Subjective analysis at a mean of 5.5 years postoperatively included rating of @entity1 , stability, activity level, and a total score both preoperative and postoperative. @entity0 were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 28) with a follow-up < or = 5 years (mean 3.3 years); group 2 (n = 30) with a follow-up > 5 years (mean 7.2 years). Results were analyzed by length of follow-up and by the grade and compartment of @entity2 . All @entity0 enjoyed a full range of motion preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum difference improved from a mean of 8.2 mm preoperatively to 2.4 mm postoperatively. All subjective scores showed statistically significant improvement over the preoperative values. @entity0 with medial compartment @entity2 reported a better subjective total score (mean 87) than @entity0 with lateral compartment (mean 73) or bicompartmental (mean 79) @entity2 , but there was not a statistically significant difference. There was no correlation between @entity1 , stability, or total scores and time after surgery. @entity0 in groups 1 and 2 had equal objective stability and similar subjective scores, but group 2 reported a lower activity level. An isolated ACL reconstruction can provide long-term stability and symptomatic @entity1 relief in @entity0 with chronic instability and @entity2 . The procedure has low morbidity and does not compromise future tibial osteotomy or total knee replacement.

title: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee with degenerative XXXX : treatment with an isolated autogenous patellar tendon ACL reconstruction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The inter-relationship between arousal events and body and/or limb movements during sleep may significantly impact the performance and clinical interpretation of actigraphy. As such, the objective of this study was to quantify the temporal association between arousals and body/limb movement. From this, we aim to determine whether actigraphy can predict arousal events in @entity0 , and identify the impact of arousal-related movements on estimates of sleep/wake periods. Thirty otherwise healthy @entity0 (5-16 years, median 9 years, 21 male) with suspected @entity1 were studied using full polysomnography and customised raw tri-axial accelerometry measured at the left fingertip, left wrist, upper thorax, left ankle and left great toe. Raw data were synchronised to within 0.1 s of the polysomnogram. Movements were then identified using a custom algorithm. On average 67.5% of arousals were associated with wrist movement. Arousals associated with movement were longer than those without movement (mean duration: 12.2 s versus 7.9 s respectively, p      <      0.01); movements during wake and arousal were longer than other @entity2 (wrist duration: 6.26 s and 9.89 s versus 2.35 s respectively, p      <      0.01); and the movement index (movements/h) did not predict apnoea-hypopnoea index (        =      -0.11). Movements associated with arousals are likely to unavoidably contribute to actigraphy's poor sensitivity for wake. However, as @entity2 tend to be shorter than those during wake or arousal, incorporating movement duration into the actigraphy scoring algorithm may improve sleep staging performance. Although actigraphy-based measurements cannot reliably predict all arousal events, actigraphy can likely identify longer events that may have the greatest impact on @entity1 .

title: Temporal associations between arousal and body/limb movement in XXXX with suspected obstructed sleep apnoea.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use the Swedish National Registry of @entity3 (SNRUBC) to investigate changes in @entity0 and @entity1 characteristics, management and survival in @entity3 cases over a period of 15 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity0 with newly detected @entity3 reported to the SNRUBC during 1997-2011 were included in the study. The cohort was divided into three groups, each representing 5 years of the 15 year study period. RESULTS: The study included 31,266 @entity0 (74% @entity0 , 26% @entity0 ) with a mean age of 72 years. Mean age was 71.7 years in the first subperiod (1997-2001) and 72.5 years in the last subperiod (2007-2011). Clinical T categorization changed from the first to the last subperiod: Ta from 45% to 48%, T1 from 21.6% to 22.4%, and T2-T4 from 27% to 25%. Also from the first to the last subperiod, intravesical treatment after transurethral resection for T1G2 and T1G3 @entity1 increased from 15% to 40% and from 30% to 50%, respectively, and cystectomy for @entity1 increased from 30% to 40%. No differences between the analysed subperiods were found regarding relative survival in @entity0 with T1 or @entity1 , or in the whole cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation based on a national @entity3 registry showed that the age of the @entity0 at diagnosis increased, and the proportion of muscle-invasive @entity1 decreased. The treatment of all @entity1 stages became more @entity2 but relative survival showed no statistically significant change over time.

title: Swedish National Registry of XXXX : No difference in relative survival over time despite more @entity2 treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the success rate of @entity5 in stopping @entity3 for unstable @entity0 with severe @entity2 , to calculate the time to achieve @entity5 , and to determine the yield from angiography. DESIGN: Retrospective review of @entity0 admitted to a Level I @entity1 center with @entity2 during a 5-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Charts were reviewed for Injury Severity Score, age, blood pressure, @entity4 time/partial thromboplastin time, pelvic fracture type, mortality, time to reach the angiography suite, time to achieve @entity5 , and mechanism of injury. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 806 @entity0 admitted with @entity2 , 35 underwent pelvic angiography, and 15 (1.9%) required @entity5 . Embolization was successful for all @entity0 . No deaths resulted from ongoing @entity3 . Angiography yield in initially unstable @entity0 was 64%. The mean age and initial hemodynamic instability were significantly greater in nonsurvivors. The time from arrival in the @entity1 bay to arrival in the angiography suite ranged from 50 to 1,140 minutes, and the time spent in the angiography suite performing @entity5 ranged from 50 to 140 minutes, with an average time of 90 minutes. @entity0 who were embolized within 3 hours of arrival had a significantly greater survival rate. CONCLUSION: Only a small percentage of @entity0 with @entity2 require @entity5 , but when it is used, @entity5 can be 100% effective. Age, time to achieve @entity5 , and initial hemodynamic instability appear to be important factors in survival.

title: Arterial embolization is a rapid and effective technique for controlling pelvic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Acquired @entity2 is a rare, but often severe @entity8 caused by autoantibodies against @entity8 factor, usually @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Between 1997 and 2004 we observed 14 @entity0 (mean age of 78 years) with acquired @entity2 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) for @entity3 and the response to @entity1 and @entity4 to eradicate the offending autoantibodies. The most common clinical presentations were severe profuse @entity7 (12) and haematuria (5). Ten @entity0 were classified as idiopathic. At the time of diagnosis all @entity0 had a very low @entity6 level, and one @entity0 also showed factor IX < 1%. High levels of antibodies to @entity6 varying from 10 to 1340 Bethesda units (BU) and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time were disclosed in all @entity0 . Eight severe @entity3 were treated with aPCC (FEIBA) at a dosage of 70 IU kg(-1) every 8 h until haemostasis. Ten @entity0 received @entity1 and @entity4 as immunomodulatory therapy. Effective haemostasis was achieved in all @entity3 after aPCC. Ten of 11 @entity0 responded either completely or partially to the immunomodulatory regime within 6 months. Five @entity0 achieved complete response (CR) whereas partial responses were seen in five patients. The anti- @entity5 monoclonal antibody rituximab was given to two @entity0 in conventional doses and a CR was seen in one @entity0 . aPCC is effective in treating @entity3 in @entity0 with acquired @entity2 with high inhibitor levels. The combination of oral @entity1 and @entity4 seems to be effective to eradicate the inhibitor.

title: Acquired XXXX : management of @entity3 and immune therapy to eradicate autoantibodies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the incidence, clinical features and outcome of @entity1 with special reference to long-term @entity2 after Snip-punctoplasty and curettage. METHODS: Single center, retrospective, telephonic questionnaire study. The medical records of @entity0 who visited Orbit and Oculoplasty clinic, Tertiary Eye Hospital, India from 01 July 2011 to 31 June 2012 were analyzed. Records of the @entity0 with @entity1 were reviewed for clinical profile and management. Post-surgical @entity0 thus identified were telephonically contacted in December 2012. Questionnaire was used to assess the @entity2 . Symptomatic @entity0 were given clinic appointment, reassessed and managed. RESULTS: 2245 @entity0 visited Orbit and Oculoplasty clinic during the study period. The incidence of @entity1 was 1.4% (31 @entity0 ). The median age of the @entity0 with @entity1 was 65  years (range, 14-80  yrs). Sixteen @entity0 were male. All cases were unilateral and four eyes showed both upper and lower canalicular involvement. The commonest clinical presentations were pus or concretion from punctum (28), mucous discharge (23), @entity2 (18) and conjunctival injection (18). Three snip punctoplasty and canalicular curettage was performed in 30 of these @entity0 . Twenty of the 25 available culture results were positive and streptococcus species was the most common isolated organism. Records revealed that five (22%) of these @entity0 had persistence of symptoms. Twenty-three @entity0 could be contacted telephonically. The median follow-up of these @entity0 was 11  months. On telephonic communication we found that two (8.7%) @entity0 had @entity2 . @entity2 score in these @entity0 was three and one respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity1 was 1.4%. Most common isolate was streptococcus species. Snip-punctoplasty and curettage is a safe and efficacious modality of treatment of @entity1 . @entity2 occurred in 8.7% @entity0 .

title: Primary XXXX : The incidence, clinical features, outcome and long-term @entity2 after snip-punctoplasty and curettage.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Most early phase trials in @entity0 and @entity1 have failed in phase 3, including efforts to improve acute @entity2 outcomes beyond that achieved by intravenous recombinant @entity3 ) (IVT). With the exception of more recent stent retriever trials, most subsequent phase 3 trials failed. We previously showed that baseline imbalances, non-linear relationships of these factors to outcome, and unrepresentative control populations invalidate traditional statistical analysis in early trials of heterogeneous diseases such as @entity0 . We developed an alternative approach using a pooled outcome model derived from control arms of randomized clinical trial (RCTs). This model then permits comparing treatment trials to an expected outcome of a pooled population. Here, we hypothesized we could develop such a model for IVT and tested it against outcomes without IVT. We surveyed literature for all trials involving one arm with IVT reporting baseline National Institute @entity0 Scale (NIHSS), age, and outcome. A non-linear fit was performed including multi-dimensional statistical intervals (  95  %) permitting visual comparison of outcomes at their own baselines. We compared models derived from non-IVT control arms. Models from 24 IVT RCTs representing 3195 subjects were successfully generated for functional outcome, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2 (r (2)   =   0. 83, p   <   0.001), and mortality (r (2)   =   0.54; p   =   0.001). We confirmed better outcomes compared to no IVT and mixed use IVT models across the range of baseline factors. It was possible to generate an expected outcome model for IVT from existing literature. We confirmed benefit compared to placebo. This model should be useful to compare to new agents without the need for statistical manipulation.

title: An Outcome Model for Intravenous rt-PA in Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restraint stress produces @entity3 and acidity leading to stress @entity4 . Intracerebroventricular (ICV) salmon calcitonin (sCT) @entity1 and acidity, but its effects on restraint-induced hypercontractility are unknown. METHODS: Using stereotactic guidance, ICV catheters were placed into the lateral ventricle of adult male @entity0 and calibrated gastric strain gauge transducers were implanted 5 days prior to restraint stress. sCT @entity0 (n = 8) were pretreated with 5 microg of calcitonin ICV (10 microl volume), while controls (n = 10) received 10 microl of ICV saline prior to restraint for 2 h at 20 degrees C followed by 2 h at 4 degrees C. Gastric motility data were collected with AT-CODAS and analyzed with ADVANCED CODAS. Gastric volume, pH, and lesions were recorded following the stress. RESULTS: ICV @entity2 prevented @entity5 in all animals (0% vs 100%, P <.01) and @entity6 slightly (2.5 +/-.3 vs 1.6 +/-.1, P <.05). Stress caused the force of contractions to increase from 0.35 +/-.1 to 1.38 +/-.4 g in controls (P <.01), while treated animal's force fell from.42 +/-.1 to 0.2 +/-.05 g (P <.01 vs control). Stress did not affect contractions/min (3.4 +.6 vs 3.5 +.3), but sCT increased frequency (2.5 +.4 to 5.0 +.2, P <.01). Stress prolonged contraction duration (11.5 + 1 to 16.5 + 1.7 s, P <.01), but stress's effect was prevented by sCT (11.0 +.5 to 11.2 +.3, P <.01 vs control). CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with 5 microg central sCT prevents the increased amplitude and duration of @entity3 produced by restraint stress for 2 h, in association with gastroprotection.

title: Intracerebroventricular calcitonin prevents stress-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial I (MUTT I) was a double-masked, multicentre, randomised controlled trial, which found that topical @entity7 is superior to @entity5 for the treatment of @entity3 . In this study, we determine risk factors for @entity4 -related quality of life in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: The Indian visual function questionnaire (IND-VFQ) was administered to MUTT I study @entity0 at 3   months. Associations between @entity0 and ulcer characteristics and IND-VFQ subscale score were assessed using generalised estimating equations. RESULTS: 323 @entity0 were enrolled in the trial, and 292 (90.4%) completed the IND-VFQ at 3   months. Out of a total possible score of 100, the average VFQ score for all @entity0 was 81.3 (range 0-100, SD 23.6). After correcting for treatment arm, each logMAR line of worse baseline visual acuity in the affected eye resulted in an average 1.2 points decrease on VFQ at 3   months (95% CI -1.8 to 0.6, p<0.001). Those who required therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty had an average of 25.2 points decrease on VFQ after correcting for treatment arm (95% CI -31.8 to -18.5, p<0.001). Study @entity0 who were unemployed had on average 28.5 points decrease on VFQ (95% CI -46.9 to -10.2, p=0.002) after correcting for treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS: Monocular vision loss from @entity6 due to @entity2 reduced vision-related quality of life. Given the relatively high worldwide burden of @entity6 , improving treatment outcomes of @entity1 should be a public health priority. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00996736.

title: Risk factors for XXXX related functioning in the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial: a randomised trial comparing @entity7 with @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of heartburn has an impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL). When a questionnaire is translated into a new language, a linguistic validation is necessary but not sufficient unless the psychometric characteristics have been verified. The aim is to document the psychometric characteristics of the German translation of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Quality of Life in Reflux and @entity3 (QOLRAD) questionnaire. METHODS: 142 @entity0 with symptoms of heartburn (Age: M = 47.5, +/- 14.6; Males = 44.4%) completed the German translation of GSRS, the QOLRAD, the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity2 (HAD) scale. RESULTS: The internal consistency reliability of GSRS ranged from 0.53-0.91 and of QOLRAD from 0.90-0.94, respectively. The test-retest reliability of GSRS ranged from 0.49-0.73 and of QOLRAD from 0.70-0.84. The relevant domains of the GSRS and QOLRAD domain scores significantly correlated. GSRS domains of Abdominal @entity1 and Constipation correlated (negatively) with most of the domains of the SF-36. The relevant QOLRAD domains significantly correlated with all SF-36 domains. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric characteristics of the German translation of GSRS and QOLRAD were found to be good, with satisfactory reliability and validity. The reliability of the GSRS Abdominal @entity1 domain was moderate.

title: Psychometric validation of the German translation of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Quality of Life in Reflux and @entity3 (QOLRAD) questionnaire in XXXX with reflux disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of a subset of B lymphocytes, regulatory B cells (Bregs), which modulate immune function. In this study, in vivo and in vitro experiments were undertaken to elucidate the role of these Bregs in controlling neuroinflammation following viral @entity1 . We used multicolor flow cytometry to phenotype lymphocyte subpopulations infiltrating the brain, along with in vitro cocultures to assess their anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory roles. This distinctive subset of @entity6 (+) @entity2 (hi) @entity7 (+) B cells was found to infiltrate the brains of chronically infected animals, reaching highest levels at the latest time point tested (30 d postinfection). B cell-deficient Jh(-/-) @entity0 were found to develop exacerbated neuroimmune responses as measured by enhanced accumulation and/or retention of CD8(+) T cells within the brain, as well as increased levels of microglial activation (MHC class II). Conversely, levels of @entity5 (+) regulatory T cells were found to be significantly lower in Jh(-/-) @entity0 when compared with wild-type (Wt) animals. Further experiments showed that in vitro-generated @entity3 -secreting Bregs (B10) were able to inhibit cytokine responses from microglia following stimulation with viral Ags. These in vitro-generated B10 cells were also found to promote proliferation of regulatory T cells in coculture studies. Finally, gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that reconstitution of Wt B cells into Jh(-/-) @entity0 restored neuroimmune responses to levels exhibited by infected Wt @entity0 . Taken together, these results demonstrate that Bregs modulate T lymphocyte as well as microglial cell responses within the infected brain and promote @entity4 (+) @entity5 (+) T cell proliferation in vitro.

title: Infiltrating Regulatory B Cells Control Neuroinflammation following Viral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the clinical impact derived from endovascular treatment failure on @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) regarding their preoperative clinical stage. METHODS: Retrospective review for primary endovascular procedures for @entity2 from 2008 to 2013. Primary end point included clinical deterioration defined as @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or clinical worsening by, at least, one Rutherford's classification category, related to procedure's failure (restenosis >70% or occlusion). RESULTS: Ninety procedures were analyzed in 85 @entity0 , 87.8% operated due to @entity1 . The lesion treated was classified as Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC)-A/B in 76.7%, with a mean length of 98.5      54  mm. Covered stent graft (SG) was used in 31.1% of the cases. Median follow-up was 14.5  months and treatment failure occurred in 33.3% of cases (n  =  30, 9 restenosis and 21 occlusions). Clinical worsening was assessed in 40% of treatment failures and 6 of 21 (28.6%) presented as @entity1 . Twenty-two major adverse limb events (MALEs) were recorded and 8 major amputations. Regarding the type of stent, more occlusions were recorded on @entity0 treated with SG compared with bare metal stent (39.3% vs. 16%; P  =  0.02). However, no differences were found between groups regarding clinical worsening attributable to treatment failure (HR, 1.33; CI 95%, 0.5-3.5; P  =  0.5). On multivariate analysis, TASC-C/D lesions (HR, 5.5; CI 95%, 2.3-13.3; P  <  0.001) and female sex (HR, 4.9; CI 95%, 1.9-12.5; P  =  0.001) behaved as significant predictors for failure and dual-antiplatelet therapy as a protective factor (HR, 0.3; CI 95%, 0.3-0.13; P  =  0.03). No predictors were obtained regarding clinical worsening and occurrence of MALEs in our series. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with failure of endovascular procedures on @entity2 appeared with clinical worsening in a no negligible number of cases in our sample regarding their preoperative clinical situation. Thus, we believe that endovascular treatment should be carefully deliberated.

title: Clinical Outcomes after Endovascular Treatment Failure in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To present our experience with emergency or programmed @entity7 of @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The retrospective study 1999-2000 included a total of 20 @entity0 with @entity10 , five of whom had @entity8 . Group I emergency @entity7 : 11 @entity0 age being 61.4    15.6 years and the size of @entity10 8.2    2.8 cm presented retroperitoneal hemorrhage from @entity9 . Two had a @entity6 . A transfusion of 3.4 blood units per @entity0 was performed for five @entity0 . A clinical and radiological follow-up was done by scanning during the first week and in one month. Group II preventive @entity7 : nine @entity0 , with age between 58.3    15.2 years and @entity1 size 5.2    2.2 cm, all asymptomatic. All successfully received a unilateral preventive @entity7 . A scan was performed one month later. RESULTS: Group I: the @entity7 was effective in 100% of @entity0 . No intraoperative incident was reported. After one month, the reduction in @entity1 volume was 40%. At eight months, a @entity0 underwent nephrectomy because of a new @entity3 , and another a second @entity7 after 14 months. The technical result was maintained in 83% of cases after 18 months. Two @entity0 developed HTA after @entity7 controlled by a single treatment, and five had limited @entity2 sequels. Group II: no intraoperative incidents and no postoperatively complications have been reported. One month after @entity7 , the reduction in @entity1 volume was 23%. After 24 months, @entity0 remained completely asymptomatic, no spontaneous @entity6 has been reported, no surgery has been performed, and no HTA has been described. Only one re- @entity7 was done at 20 months (artery duplicity). Limited @entity2 sequels were reported for one @entity0 but no @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: The required @entity7 became the method of choice in emergency with excellent results and few complications at distance. Programmed @entity7 effectively prevented the risk of @entity6 , without impact on the renal function, with a low economic cost compared to hospitalization and emergency care. The significance of the observed @entity10 -- @entity8 association in our series requires a confrontation with more important cohorts.

title: [Preventive and emergency @entity7 of XXXX : our experience].

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: There is no consensus on the treatment strategy for adult @entity0 with cerebral @entity2 . The diagnosis and primary treatment are usually undertaken by surgery. Some investigators doubt the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (RT), whereas others advise routine postoperative RT. We report the primary results of a multicenter randomized trial on this controversy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 24 European centers, 311 adult @entity0 with @entity2 were randomized centrally after surgery from March 1986 through September 1997, between the two arms of the trial. The irradiated group received 54 Gy in 6 weeks. The other @entity0 did not receive any treatment after surgery until the @entity1 showed progression, defined as @entity3 and evidence of progressive @entity1 on imaging. RESULTS: Of 290 eligible and assessable @entity0 (93%), the irradiated group showed a significant (log-rank p = 0.02) improvement in time to progression but not in overall survival, with a median follow-up of 5 years. The 5-year estimate was, respectively, 63% vs. 66% (overall survival) and 44% vs. 37% (time to progression) for the treated and control arms. Different treatment modalities, including RT, were undertaken for the 85 controls when a progressive @entity1 was noted. CONCLUSION: Early postoperative conventional RT such as that used for this protocol appears to improve the time to progression or progression-free survival, but not overall survival, for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Randomized trial on the efficacy of radiotherapy for cerebral XXXX in the adult: European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 Study 22845 with the Medical Research Council study BRO4: an interim analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study describes the implications of cardiac ventricular microscopy in @entity5 relating to its ability to dive. For this work, 11 specimens of the marine turtle species @entity5 found dead on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte (Northeast Brazil) were used. After necropsy, fragments of the cardiac ventricular wall were fixed in 10% buffered @entity1 solution for 24  h and then subjected to routine processing for light and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The ventricle in this species is formed by the epicardium, @entity3 and endocardium. The subepicardial layer consists of highly vascularised connective tissue that emits septa to reinforce the @entity3 surface. There is an abundant and diffuse @entity0 plexus shown by immunostaining technique. The thickness of the spongy @entity3 and the nature of its trabeculae varied between the heart chambers. The endocardium shows no characteristic elements of the heart conduction system. The valves have a hyaline cartilage skeleton, coated by dense irregular connective tissues characterised by elastic fibres. These findings in the green turtle ventricular microscopy are related to @entity2 resistance during diving.

title: Histology and Immunohistochemistry of the Cardiac Ventricular Structure in the Green Turtle ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has been hypothesized to be an age-dependent disease accompanied by similar vascular changes in other organs. SHRSP feature numerous vascular risk factors and may be a valid model of some aspects of @entity0 @entity8 . Here we compare renal histopathological changes with the brain pathology of spontaneously @entity5 @entity3 -prone @entity2 (SHRSP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We histologically investigated the brains and kidneys of 61 SHRSP at different stages of age (12 to 44 weeks). The brain pathology (aggregated erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles, microbleeds, microthromboses) and the kidney pathology (aggregated erythrocytes within peritubular capillaries, tubular protein cylinders, @entity6 ) were quantified separately. The prediction of the brain pathology by the kidney pathology was assessed by creating ROC-curves integrating the degree of kidney pathology and age of SHRSP. RESULTS: Both, brain and kidney pathology, show an age-dependency and proceed in definite stages whereas an aggregation of erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles, we parsimoniously interpreted as stases, represent the initial finding in both organs. Thus, early renal @entity1 characterized by rather few intravasal erythrocyte aggregations and tubular protein cylinders predicts the initial step of SHRSPs' cerebral vascular pathology marked by accumulated erythrocytes. The combined increase of intravasal erythrocyte aggregations and protein cylinders accompanied by @entity6 and @entity9 in kidneys of older SHRSP predicts the final stages of SHRSPs' @entity4 marked by microbleeds and @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Our results illustrate a close association between structural brain and kidney pathology and support the concept of small vessel disease to be an age-dependent systemic pathology. Further, an improved joined nephrologic and neurologic diagnostic may help to identify @entity0 with @entity8 at an early stage.

title: Kidney pathology precedes and predicts the pathological cascade of @entity4 in XXXX prone @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consistent delivery of medication to treat @entity0 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is critical for disease control. Dose tracking may eliminate the possibility of sub-therapeutic dosing. This study evaluated the overall performance, including accuracy and ruggedness, of the @entity4 / @entity3 (MF/F) @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with an integrated numerical dose-counting mechanism in adolescent and adult subjects (aged >=  12 y) with persistent @entity0 or @entity1 . METHODS: In a phase III, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study, subjects demonstrating at least 90% compliance with MF/F during the screening period received twice daily MF/F @entity2 100/10  g with the integrated dose counter for 4 weeks. Accuracy and ruggedness of the dose counter were assessed by the overall discrepancy rate of subject-recorded actuations versus subject-recorded dose counter readings. Discrepancy rates for Counterstrip   , a manual counting method, were evaluated for reference. Compliance and ergonomic safety were also assessed. RESULTS: The 233 subjects who used >=  90% of labeled actuations were included in the primary analysis. Of 26,317 total actuations, 33 dose counter discrepancies occurred (rate = 0.13/100 actuations), of which 13 were due to undercounting. In comparison, the Counterstrip discrepancy rate was 10-fold higher (1.34/100 actuations). Compliance with medication use, Counterstrip use, and e-diary recordings were all high (>98%). No new repetitive strain injuries or exacerbations of preexisting ergonomic injuries of the finger, hand, or arm were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The MF/F @entity2 dose counter was accurate and rugged in subjects with @entity0 or @entity1 . No new repetitive strain injuries or exacerbations of existing ergonomic injuries were associated with inhaler use. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier = NCT00604500.

title: Dose counter performance of XXXX / @entity3 inhalers in subjects with @entity0 or @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) and @entity1 increases the risk of the offspring to develop inflammatory processes in various organs including the gut. We hypothesized that maternal diet-induced @entity1 programs the fetal gut towards @entity3 in a @entity0 model of genetically-driven @entity2 ( @entity2 )-like @entity7 . METHODS: @entity4 (WT/WT) and @entity4 (  ARE/WT) dams were fed an experimental control diet (CTRLD; 13 kJ% fat) or HFD (48 kJ%). Offspring @entity0 were fed CTRLD or HFD at 4 weeks of age. Metabolic characteristics and severity of @entity2 -like @entity7 was assessed in 8- and 12-week old WT and ARE offspring measuring tissue histopathology and markers of @entity3 in the distal ileum as well as plasma cytokine and LPS levels. To study prenatal effects, we laser microdissected fetal intestinal epithelial cells at 17.5 days postconception and performed microarray-based global gene expression analysis. RESULTS: Maternal HFD significantly accelerated the severity of @entity2 -like @entity7 in HFD-fed ARE @entity0 at early life stages associated with increased mucosal neutrophil infiltration, @entity6 expression, and portal vein LPS levels. In contrast to WT @entity0 , metabolic characteristics of ARE offspring were not affected by maternal HFD. Gene expression patterns in fetal intestinal epithelial cells of ARE @entity0 remained largely unchanged under conditions of maternal diet-induced @entity1 suggesting that the positive association of intestinal @entity3 , portal vein @entity5 , and plasma @entity4 levels is independent of prenatal conditioning of the gut epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal HFD promotes the early onset of severe @entity2 -like @entity7 in genetically susceptible offspring independent of metabolic alterations.

title: Maternal High-fat Diet Accelerates Development of XXXX in @entity4  ARE/WT Offspring.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Indigenous DNA adducts (I-compounds) are considered to be a biomarker of aging tissues. Thus far, few studies have been conducted to investigate the accumulation patterns of I-compounds in the brain during aging. Particularly, identities of age-dependent I-compounds have largely remained unknown. In the current study, we have determined the amounts of I-compounds in the brains of male Fischer 344 @entity2 at ages 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months using a 32P-postlabeling technique. The results indicate that I-compounds increase in the @entity2 brain age dependently from 6 to 24 months of age. Total I-adduct levels (central and upper cutouts) increase 3.5-fold from 6 to 24 months. Contrary to the results of other investigators, brains of 1-month-old @entity2 contain the highest level of I-compounds, which may be due to the @entity6 status during the @entity0 period. In an effort to characterize I-compounds, different deoxynucleosides were coincubated with @entity4 ( @entity5 ). The results show that only @entity7 ( @entity8 )- @entity5 adducts overlap with I-compounds of the @entity2 brain DNA adducts map. A total of five @entity8 - @entity5 adducts have been identified as responsible for I-compounds in brain tissues. It is known that brain tissue contains high levels of lipids that are susceptible to @entity1 free radicals and that @entity5 is the most abundant and genotoxic product of lipid peroxidation. The present study provides supporting evidence that lipid peroxidation and its product ( @entity5 ) may play an important role in endogenous brain DNA modification, which may partly contribute to cerebral aging and age-related @entity3 . The accumulation of I-compounds with aging may serve as an index of indirect oxidative damage to DNA as evidenced by the presence of @entity5 -DNA adducts.

title: Age-dependent increase of indigenous DNA adducts in XXXX brain is associated with a lipid peroxidation product.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 25-year-old, female eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) presented for @entity11 3 weeks after anesthesia and surgery for egg yolk coelomitis. Radiography, computed tomography, and tracheoscopy revealed multiple tracheal strictures spanning a length of 2.6 cm in the mid to distal @entity8 . Histopathologic examination revealed mild @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity12 consistent with acquired tracheal strictures. Tracheal resection was not considered possible because of the length of the affected @entity8 . The strictures were resected endoscopically, and repeated @entity5 under fluoroscopic guidance over the course of 10 months resulted in immediate but unsustained improvement. Computed tomography was used to measure the stenotic area. A 4 * 36-mm, custom-made, @entity13 wire stent was inserted into the @entity8 under fluoroscopic guidance. After stent placement, intermittent episodes of mild to moderate @entity11 continued, and these responded to nebulization with a combination of saline, @entity9 , and @entity7 . Multiple attempts to wean the @entity0 off nebulization therapy and to switch to a corticosteroid-free combination were unsuccessful. The parrot eventually developed @entity6 , was euthanatized, and necropsy was performed. Histologically, the tracheal mucosa had widespread erosion to @entity10 , with accumulation of intraluminal exudate and bacteria, severe @entity3 and tracheal rings, prominent @entity2 , and mild to moderate, @entity1 . Clinicopathologic findings in this case suggested @entity8 , which has not been previously described in birds. Custom-made tracheal stents can be used for severe @entity15 in birds when tracheal resection and @entity4 is not possible. Complications of tracheal stent placement in birds may include @entity14 and @entity8 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of tracheal stent placement in an avian species.

title: Use of a XXXX Wire Stent for Management of Severe @entity15 in an Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus).

answer: @entity13


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have recently showed functional and morphological changes of the thyroid gland in relation to @entity1 . To our knowledge, no data are available about the prevalence of thyroid nodules in @entity1 @entity0 . The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in morbidly @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: One hundred eight consecutive @entity1 @entity0 were selected from those referred to our medical and surgery outpatients providing that following criteria were satisfied: (1) affected by @entity3 (body mass index (BMI) >40  kg/m(2)); (2) no previous diagnosis of @entity2 ; (3) biochemically proven euthyroid state at the time of recruitment. Ninety-seven control subjects, constituted by normo-weight and/or slightly overweight (BMI    <=   30  kg/m(2)) @entity0 , should satisfy the above criteria 2 and 3. All the subjects were submitted to ultrasound investigation. RESULTS: The two groups of @entity0 displayed no differences for age and fT4 levels. @entity1 @entity0 clearly showed a lower prevalence of thyroid nodules [odds ratio 0.294, 95% confidence interval 0.206-0.382]. A single nodule was found in 23% of @entity1 @entity0 as compared to 65% of control subjects (p   <   0.0001). No difference for age (year) was found between @entity1 and @entity1 subjects with nodules (40.5        8.2 vs. 44.2        8.9, respectively, p   =   0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Our data clearly show a significantly lower prevalence of thyroid nodules in morbidly @entity1 @entity0 . Further studies are needed to confirm and to understand this first observation.

title: @entity3 in XXXX is associated to a lower prevalence of thyroid nodules.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report treatment outcomes for a large non-endemic cohort of @entity0 with @entity2 treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy. METHODS: We identified 177 consecutive @entity0 with newly diagnosed, non-metastatic @entity1 treated with definitive IMRT between 1998 and 2011. Endpoints included local, regional, distant control, and overall survival. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 52months. The 3-/5-year actuarial rates of local control, regional control, distant control, and overall survival were 92%/83%, 93%/91%, 86%/83%, and 87%/74%, respectively. The median time to local recurrence was 30months; the annual hazard of local recurrence did not diminish until the 6th year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we observed excellent rates of disease control and survival consistent with initially reported results from our institution. Attaining locoregional control in @entity0 with extensive @entity1 remains a significant clinical challenge. With mature follow-up we observed that more than half of observed local relapses occurred after 2years, a pattern distinct from that of @entity2 arising from other head and neck sites. These findings raise the possibility that @entity0 with @entity3 may benefit from close follow-up during post-treatment years 3-5.

title: Long-term patterns of relapse and survival following definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity1 shrinkage (ETS) at 6  weeks after treatment correlates with progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 receiving @entity2 plus @entity3 (GEMOX), with or without @entity7 . METHODS: This was a multicenter, open label, randomized, phase III trial of 103 @entity5 @entity0 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier; NCT01149122, and Rigistration date; January, 7, 2010), comparing GEMOX with GEMOX plus @entity7 . @entity1 shrinkage was expressed as a relative decrease compared to baseline and was dichotomized according to a previously reported cutoff value of 10  %. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity0 (52.4  %) received GEMOX and 49 @entity0 (47.6  %) received GEMOX plus @entity7 . The latter achieved a better overall response rate (RR) (40.8  % vs. 18.6  %, p   =   0.02) and showed ETS more frequently (63.2  % vs. 40.7  %, p   =   0.03). ETS was significantly correlated with the overall RR (correlation coefficient, 0.53; p   <   0.01). The median PFS and @entity6 did not differ according to @entity7 administration. However, the median PFS (7.3 vs. 2.1  months, p   <   0.01) and @entity6 (10.7 vs. 5.8  months, p   <   0.01) were significantly longer amongst @entity0 with ETS at 6  weeks after treatment, irrespective of @entity7 administration. In @entity0 with wild-type @entity4 who were treated with GEMOX plus @entity7 , ETS was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (p   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ETS might predict PFS and @entity6 in @entity5 @entity0 treated with GEMOX with or without @entity7 . Additionally, ETS may be an indication for adding @entity7 to chemotherapy for @entity5 @entity0 wild-type @entity4 . These findings need to be prospectively validated.

title: @entity1 shrinkage at 6  weeks predicts favorable clinical outcomes in a phase III study of @entity2 and @entity3 with or without XXXX for advanced @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptides ( @entity6 ) are powerful neurohormonal indicators of @entity3 and prognosis in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) caused by the protozoan @entity5 remains a major cause of @entity2 in Latin America. We assessed whether the plasma concentration of the third natriuretic peptide, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), also has diagnostic and prognostic properties in @entity0 with @entity4 or other @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Blood samples were obtained from 66 @entity0 with @entity4 , 50 @entity0 with @entity1 from other causes, and 30 gender- and age-matched healthy subjects. @entity0 were subdivided according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. The @entity7 concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay (Immundiagnostik, Bensheim, Germany). The main duration of follow-up was 31.4 months (range 13 to 54 months); 19 @entity0 had died and 11 @entity0 received a heart transplant. @entity7 concentrations were only significantly altered in @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity4 of the NYHA classes III and IV (P < 0.05). The Pearson correlation of echocardiographic data with @entity7 revealed an association only with the left-ventricular end systolic volume (P = 0.03) in @entity0 with @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity7 did not predict mortality or the necessity for heart transplant. Our data are the first to demonstrate the raised levels of the third natriuretic peptide @entity7 in @entity4 and other @entity1 . Whereas ANP and @entity6 have a high predictive value for mortality in both diseases, @entity7 is without any predictive potency.

title: Does the @entity7 have prognostic value in @entity4 and other XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mechanism of the nearly universal decreased muscle strength in @entity1 is not known. We evaluated if @entity6 in @entity1 causes @entity4 independent of reduced skeletal muscle mass. Blood @entity7 concentrations and grip strength normalized to lean body mass were measured in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and sham operated, pair fed control @entity0 (n=5 each) . Ex-vivo studies of soleus muscle contractility from a separate group of @entity0 (n=7) were removed and placed in a muscle bath of Kreb's solution with or without the addition of 10mM @entity8 . Skeletal muscle force of contraction, rate of force development and rate of relaxation were measured. In addition, the muscles were also subject to a series of pulse trains at a range of stimulation frequencies from 20 to 110Hz. @entity2 @entity0 had a 52.7  13% lower normalized grip strength compared to control @entity0 and grip strength was strongly correlated (r(2) =0.81) with the blood @entity7 concentrations. In ex vivo muscle preparations, following a single pulse the maximal force, rate of force development and rate of relaxation were 12.1  3.5g vs. 6.2  2.1g; 398.2  100.4g/s vs. 163.8  97.4g/s; -101.2  22.2g/s versus -33.6  22.3g/s in @entity7 treated compared with control muscle preparation respectively (p<0.001 for all comparisons). In addition, tetanic force, rate of force development and rate of relaxation continued to be @entity3 across a range of stimulation from 20-110 Hz. These data provide the first direct evidence that @entity6 impairs skeletal muscle strength and @entity5 and identifies a potential therapeutic target to improve clinical outcomes.

title: XXXX Results in Reduced Muscle Function Independent of Muscle Mass.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the concentrations of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity6 of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) before and after an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) and to determine the underlying correlation between the levels. METHODS: The prospective interventional comparative study involved 20 eyes of 20 @entity0 with surgery-required advanced @entity4 and 20 control subjects from January 2013 to November 2013. The @entity4 eyes received the IVR treatment before @entity3 surgery. @entity6 was collected at the time of the IVR injection (pre- IVR) and at the time of antiglaucomatous surgery (post-IVR). @entity6 was also collected at the time of @entity2 surgery in normal control. @entity6 and plasma @entity1 and @entity5 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, respectively. RESULTS: The mean @entity6 @entity5 and @entity1 concentrations in the pre-IVR eyes were significantly higher than in those of the control subjects (p<0.001), whereas the plasma levels showed no significant difference. There was a statistically significant correlation between the @entity6 @entity5 and the @entity1 concentration (r = 0.612, p = 0.003). The mean @entity6 @entity5 in the post-IVR eyes dramatically decreased from 1078.36    755.83 to 177.64    151.73 pg/mL (p<0.001). The @entity1 level showed a similar trend from 3697.64    2104.47 pg/mL to 183.54    130.35 pg/mL (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 concentrations of @entity1 and @entity5 were significantly elevated in the eyes with @entity4 , and there was a positive correlation between the levels. After an IVR treatment, @entity1 and @entity5 were significantly decreased in @entity4 eyes.

title: Placenta Growth Factor in Eyes with XXXX Is Decreased after Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Based on our recent work with @entity3 , ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins (SAMP1 and SAMP2) are known to be covalently attached to proteins in archaea. Here, we investigated the enzymes required for the formation of these Ubl-protein conjugates (SAMPylation) and whether this system is linked to @entity0 transfer. Markerless in-frame deletions were generated in @entity3 target genes. The mutants were examined for: (i) the formation of Ubl protein conjugates, (ii) growth under various conditions, including those requiring the synthesis of the @entity0 -containing @entity2 cofactor ( @entity4 ), and (iii) the thiolation of tRNA. With this approach we found that UbaA of the E1/MoeB/ThiF superfamily was required for the formation of both SAMP1- and SAMP2-protein conjugates. In addition, UbaA, SAMP1, and MoaE (a homolog of the large subunit of molybdopterin synthase) were essential for @entity4 -dependent @entity1 reductase activity, suggesting that these proteins function in @entity4 -biosynthesis. UbaA and SAMP2 were also crucial for optimal growth at high temperature and the thiolation of tRNA. Based on these results, we propose a working model for archaea in which the E1-like UbaA can activate multiple Ubl SAMPs for protein conjugation as well as for @entity0 transfer. In @entity0 transfer, SAMP1 and SAMP2 appear specific for @entity4 biosynthesis and the thiolation of tRNA, respectively. Overall, this study provides a fundamental insight into the diverse cellular functions of the Ubl system.

title: E1- and ubiquitin-like proteins provide a direct link between protein conjugation and XXXX transfer in archaea.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an angiogenic factor critically involved in @entity0 progression. @entity3 @entity7 receptor plays a pivotal role in promoting @entity0 growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the pro-angiogenic effects of @entity7 and to determine whether @entity7 blockade could enhance the effectiveness of anti- @entity4 treatment. @entity1 treated with @entity8 , a selective @entity7 receptor agonist, showed enhanced @entity0 @entity4 expression and vessel density. This effect was associated with accelerated @entity0 growth, which could be reversed with anti- @entity4 treatment. Bay60-6583 increased the accumulation of @entity0 @entity5 +Gr1+ cells. Depletion of MDSCs in @entity1 significantly reduced @entity7 -induced @entity4 production. However, @entity7 receptor stimulation did not directly regulate @entity4 expression in @entity0 myeloid cells. Mechanistically, Bay60-6583-treated @entity2 tissues showed increased @entity6 activation. Inhibition of @entity6 significantly decreased the pro- @entity0 activity of Bay60-6583 and reduced @entity0 @entity4 expression.Pharmacological blockade of @entity7 receptor with @entity9 significantly reduced @entity0 growth by inhibiting @entity0 angiogenesis and @entity0 microenvironment. These effects are, at least in part, dependent on @entity0 accumulation of Gr1+ cells upon @entity7 receptor blockade. @entity9 increased the effectiveness of anti- @entity4 treatment.

title: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells contribute to @entity7 XXXX receptor-induced @entity4 production and angiogenesis in a @entity1 @entity2 model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of exercise on cytokines may improve muscle strength. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a muscle-preserving therapy that benefits @entity0 unable to participate in active exercise. How NMES alters cytokines is unclear. The aim of this study was to study the effects of 1 NMES session on cytokines associated with protein metabolism during exercise. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of NMES on @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity1 levels in peripheral blood. @entity0 received NMES to bilateral lower extremity muscles (quadriceps, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) for 30  min. Blood samples immediately pre- and post-NMES were drawn at 15-min intervals to 2-h follow-up, and the mean values of pre-NMES levels were compared to peak and trough post-NMES levels. For cytokines with significant changes, we conducted a repeated-measures linear regression analysis. We also measured post-NMES lactate and @entity6 kinase levels. RESULTS: We enrolled nine eligible @entity0 . There was a significant increase in peak @entity3 from the mean pre-NMES value [0  65 (0  89) to 1  04 (0  89) pg  ml(-1) , P  =  0  001] and a significant decrease in trough @entity7 [0  08 (0  07) to 0  02 (0  02) pg  ml(-1) , P  =  0  041] and @entity1 [2  42 (0  54) to 2  16 (0  59) pg  ml(-1) , P  =  0  021]. In repeated-measures regression analysis, we identified significantly higher mean @entity3 values throughout the full 120  min post-NMES period, and a significantly higher mean @entity7 value at 30  min post-NMES. There were no significant differences in peak @entity4 , trough @entity3 , @entity5 , or @entity6 kinase values. CONCLUSIONS: In nine healthy @entity0 , 30  min of NMES was temporally associated with changes in cytokines similar to the effects of active exercise and may mediate NMES' observed effects on reducing @entity2 .

title: Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on cytokines in peripheral blood for healthy XXXX : a prospective, single-blinded Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is responsible for a high mortality rate, despite the use of antifungal drugs. Adjuvant therapies are urgently needed to improve the outcome. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the cytoprotective effect of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) combined with @entity3 can reduce the mortality rate in a @entity0 model of @entity4 . After infection with @entity1 , @entity2 @entity0 were randomized to receive vehicle or 7.5   mg/kg liposomal @entity3 ( @entity6 ) or 7.5   mg/kg @entity6 combined with 1000   IU/kg @entity5 (16 @entity0 per group). @entity1 galactomannan and organ cultures were performed to evaluate fungal burden at day 5. Cumulative long-term survival was analyzed at day 12 post-infection according to the Kaplan-Meier method. At day 5, fungal burden was similar between non-treated and treated groups. At day 12, mortality rates were 75, 62.5, and 31% in control group, @entity6 group, and @entity5 / @entity6 group, respectively. We observed a significant decrease in mortality using @entity5 / @entity6 combination compared to control group (p   <   0.01). @entity6 single treatment did not improve the survival rate compared to control group (p   =   0.155). Our results provide the first evidence that @entity5 improved the outcome of @entity0 presenting with @entity4 when combined with @entity3 .

title: @entity5 Combined with Liposomal @entity3 Improves Outcome during @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 25 @entity0 with a @entity6 diagnosed in the first 24 hours of life were referred to the Clinique de Chirurgie P  diatrique de Nancy. The total survival rate was 68%. @entity0 were divided into two chronologic groups. From 1979 to 1981. Of this group of 11 @entity0 , five died: two, one week after the operation and three immediately after. From 1982 to 1984. Of those 14 @entity0 treated, three died: two before the intervention and one three months after. Three factors explain these results: Antenatal diagnosis. It was made in 8 @entity0 . Only one died before the operation (a 620 g polymalformated premature baby). All were in the second group. High frequency ventilation. It was made in 4 @entity0 . All survived although one of them had a severe @entity2 . They were all in the second group. In 16 @entity0 , no @entity5 was used. These three factors act in the same way: no persistent fetal circulation. The antenatal diagnosis helps to a better neonatal care and the chances of returning to the fetal circulation are reduced. The high frequency ventilation and the absence of chest cavity drainage lessen the over inflation and barotraumatism with @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity1 and reversion to fetal circulation.

title: [ XXXX . Antenatal diagnosis. thoracic drainage. High frequency ventilation].

answer: @entity6


abstract: In this chapter the use of @entity2 (PSA) as a @entity0 marker for @entity1 is discussed. The chapter provides an overview of biological and clinical aspects of PSA. The main drawback of total PSA (tPSA) is its lack of specificity for @entity1 which leads to unnecessary biopsies. Moreover, PSA-testing poses a risk of overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment. Many PSA-based markers have been developed to improve the performance characteristics of tPSA. As well as different molecular subforms of tPSA, such as proPSA (pPSA) and free PSA (fPSA), and PSA derived kinetics as PSA-velocity (PSAV) and PSA-doubling time (PSADT). The prostate health index (phi), PSA-density (PSAD) and the contribution of non PSA-based markers such as the urinary transcripts of @entity3 and TMPRSS-ERG fusion are also discussed. To enable further risk stratification @entity0 markers are often combined with clinical data (e.g. outcome of DRE) in so-called nomograms. Currently the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection and staging of @entity1 is being explored.

title: XXXX as a Tumor Marker in Prostate Cancer: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: When @entity1 , @entity2 ( @entity5 ) overcomes shear forces of flowing blood by binding to @entity3 factor (VWF). Staphylococcal VWF-binding protein (vWbp) interacts with VWF, but it is unknown how this secreted protein binds to the bacterial cell wall. We hypothesized that vWbp interacts with a staphylococcal surface protein, mediating the adhesion of @entity5 to VWF and vascular endothelium under shear stress. METHODS: We studied the binding of @entity5 to vWbp, VWF and endothelial cells in a micro-parallel flow chamber using various mutants deficient in Sortase A (SrtA) and SrtA-dependent surface proteins, and @entity4 expressing single staphylococcal surface proteins. In vivo adhesion of bacteria was evaluated in the @entity0 mesenteric circulation using real-time intravital vascular microscopy. RESULTS: vWbp bridges the bacterial cell wall and VWF, allowing shear-resistant binding of @entity5 to inflamed or damaged endothelium. Absence of SrtA and Clumping factor A (ClfA) reduced adhesion of @entity5 to vWbp, VWF and activated endothelial cells. ADAMTS13 and an anti-VWF A1 domain antibody, when combined reduced @entity5 adhesion to activated endothelial cells by 90%. Selective overexpression of ClfA in the membrane of @entity4 enabled these bacteria to bind to VWF and activated endothelial cells but only in the presence of vWbp. Absence of ClfA abolished bacterial adhesion to the activated @entity0 vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: vWbp interacts with VWF and with the SrtA-dependent staphylococcal surface protein ClfA. The complex formed by VWF, secreted vWbp and bacterial ClfA anchors @entity5 to vascular endothelium under shear stress. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Clumping factor A, @entity3 factor-binding protein and XXXX factor anchor @entity2 to the vessel wall.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare in trapeziometacarpal (TMC) @entity2 the effects of trapeziectomy with tendon interposition and ligament reconstruction (LRTI) with or without a bone tunnel after a mean follow-up of 5 years. METHODS: We randomized 79 @entity0 (aged 40 years or older) with stage IV TMC @entity2 to either trapeziectomy with LRTI using a bone tunnel (Burton-Pellegrini) or a @entity4 (Weilby). Before surgery and at 3 months and 1 year after surgery, @entity0 were evaluated for @entity1 , function, strength, satisfaction, and complications. Of these @entity0 , 72% were evaluated after a mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 3.8-6.4 years). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in function and @entity1 ( @entity0 -Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation) between treatment groups after a mean follow-up of 5 years. In addition, grip and pinch strength, satisfaction, and persisting complications did not differ between groups. Three @entity0 in the Weilby group had repeat surgery (2 for symptomatic @entity2 and 1 elsewhere) and one in the Burton-Pellegrini group operated on again elsewhere. Furthermore, 3 @entity0 who were first conservatively treated for a trigger finger or @entity5 were operated on again because conservative therapy failed. Two more @entity0 were operated on again because of de @entity4 and @entity3 . The overall treatment effect of both groups together showed no significant differences between results at 1 and 5 years after surgery, except for grip strength, which improved for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that improved function, strength, and satisfaction obtained at 1 year after trapeziectomy with LRTI with or without the use of a bone tunnel for stage IV @entity2 was maintained after 5 years. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic I.

title: The Effect of a Bone Tunnel During Ligament Reconstruction for Trapeziometacarpal XXXX : A 5-Year Follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: There is at present considerable @entity2 with respect to ethical guidelines that should govern the behavior of society and the physician confronted by problems resulting from recent attainments of medicine and science. The use of life supporting devices raises the problem of determining when @entity1 has occurred and what is proper ethical procedure in dealing with the deficient half life caused by " @entity3 ." Some guidance is obtained from a consideration of the nature of life, the nature of @entity1 , the nature of @entity0 , and the essence lost in @entity1 of @entity0 . A parallel consideration of the nature of ethics, the bases of ethics and of ethical decision can be helpful. An individual may have ideals which control behavior, even elevate ethical standards; others entertain concepts that destroy social ethics. Ethics control and direct social interactions; ethics determine the quality of social behavior--ethics are established by societies not by individuals. Numerous commissions have endeavored to define the requirements of physicians for diagnosing @entity3 and for appropriate subsequent actions. The rationales presented, however, are not invariably accepted by lay society. The problem is created by numerous trends. Among them are the "rightest" movement which, though possessing many virtues, has its excesses such as expressed in the "right to life movement." These have not been beneficial and have necessitated "right to @entity1 movements." Opposition is also due to the fact that society's concepts of the medical profession have changed. The practice of organ transplantation has created problems. Finally, the concept of @entity1 as other than evil is no longer generally accepted. As more biological manipulations are possible ever more difficult ethical problems will arise. It is a certainty, however, that when @entity3 has occurred life of @entity0 and that of the individual has ended. Although others might not agree, our ethic requires us to use life assist techniques to preserve the vegetative @entity0 , the individual who can still breathe spontaneously though lacking consciousness and behavioral ability. All the codes of medical ethics state that a physician shall not kill--this does not mean he cannot permit the terminal phases of @entity1 when the essence of @entity0 life is lost. A major question is the ethical responsibility of one society toward another. Can an affluent society squander its resources in the preservation of ineffectual life in the body after " @entity3 " when others are without the medical assistance which would permit total living?

title: A consideration of the ethics of XXXX --what are the ethical guidelines for physician, family and society in dealing with @entity3 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Suppression of the @entity6 is an accepted indicator of potential side effects from inhaled corticosteroids. Although @entity4 monitoring is frequently used to detect changes in HPA axis activity, the optimal method for identifying the subset of @entity3 @entity0 on inhaled @entity2 who experience severe @entity4 suppression of potential clinical significance has not been established. The objective of this study was to compare several methods for assessing HPA axis activity in @entity3 @entity0 taking inhaled corticosteroids. After screening, 153 @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity3 were randomly assigned to receive inhaled @entity7 (110, 220, 330, or 440 microg bid), @entity8 (500 microg or 1000 microg bid), or one of two control regimens ( @entity1 or placebo) for 21 days. Salivary (8 a.m.) and urinary (24-h) @entity4 determinations were compared against 22-hour area under the serum @entity4 concentration-time curve (AUC0-22 h) measured at baseline and on day 21. Comparisons were also made against 8 a.m. serum @entity4 . A significant positive correlation was found between AUC0-22 h of serum @entity4 and 8 a.m. serum @entity4 level (r = 0.5140; p = 0.0001). The AUC0-22 h of serum @entity4 was weakly correlated with 24-hour urinary @entity4 levels, both corrected (r = 0.4388; p = 0.0001) and uncorrected (r = 0.3511; p = 0.0001) for @entity5 excretion. The 8 a.m. salivary @entity4 level correlated positively with the 8 a.m. serum @entity4 level (r = 0.5460; p = 0.0001). Salivary @entity4 was both sensitive and specific for the detection of a 50% decline in AUC0-22 h of serum @entity4 . @entity4 reductions of this magnitude have been observed following repeated use of inhaled @entity2 . Because it is noninvasive, salivary @entity4 measurement offers distinct advantages as a screening method for detecting pronounced HPA axis suppression in @entity3 @entity0 receiving corticosteroid therapy.

title: A comparison of methods for assessing @entity6 activity in XXXX @entity0 treated with inhaled corticosteroids.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study expression and function of the chemokine receptor @entity5 in synovial fluid (SF) T cells from @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Expression of @entity5 was studied by flow cytometry and immunoblotting. The chemotactic response of T cells to chemokines was studied in cell migration assay. @entity3 phosphorylation of @entity8 was evaluated in immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. RESULTS: SF T cells showed an increase in the population of @entity5 , @entity2 , and CD45RO positive cells and exhibited an increase in chemotactic activity, which was not augmented with @entity6 but stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha. @entity3 phosphorylation per @entity8 molecule was markedly enhanced in SF T cells. In H9 cells, @entity3 phosphorylation of not only focal adhesion kinase but also @entity8 was induced after treatment with @entity6 . Downmodulation of @entity5 by @entity6 was decreased and recycling of @entity5 was accelerated in SF T cells when compared with peripheral blood (PB) T cells. When CD45RO positive PB T cells were cultured with @entity4 , blunted responsiveness to @entity6 -induced @entity7 was reproduced as well as spontaneous @entity7 , increased expression of @entity5 , and aberrant receptor dynamics, after @entity6 stimulation as observed in SF T cells. CONCLUSION: Synovial fluid T cells highly positive for @entity5 show aberrant characteristics; resistant to @entity6 in terms of migration, but responsive in terms of dynamics of @entity5 .

title: Aberrant responsiveness to XXXX in synovial fluid T cells from @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity6