abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinically, it is still challenging to differentiate aggressive from @entity3 (Pca) by non-invasive approaches. Our recent studies showed that overexpression of alpha (1-6) fucosyltransferase played an important role in Pca cells. In this study, we have investigated levels of glycoproteins and their fucosylated glycoforms in sera of Pca @entity0 , as well as the potential utility of fucosylated glycoproteins in the identification of aggressive Pca. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum samples from histomorphology-proven Pca cases were included. @entity5 (PSA), tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase 1 ( @entity6 ) and @entity4 (tPA), and their fucosylated glycoforms were captured by Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL), followed by the multiplex magnetic bead-based immunoassay. The level of fucosylated glycoproteins was correlated with @entity0 ' Gleason score of the @entity1 . RESULT: Among three fucosylated glycoproteins, the fucosylated PSA was significantly increased and correlated with the @entity1 Gleason score (p<0.05). The ratio of fucosylated PSA showed a marked @entity2 in @entity2 . ROC analysis also showed an improved predictive power of fucosylated PSA in the identification of aggressive Pca. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that fucosylated PSA has a better predictive power to differentiate @entity2 from @entity2 , than that of native PSA and two other glycoproteins. The fucosylated PSA has the potential to be used as a surrogate biomarker.

title: Serum Fucosylated @entity5 (PSA) Improves the Differentiation of Aggressive from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Furfural was found to be the main organic pollutant in the wastewater coming from the @entity3 factory. This substance is derived from acidic pentosan in Dioscorea zingiberensis and is also found in a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, @entity1 bran, and sawdust. It is regarded as a toxicant and an inhibitor to the growth of microorganism in both sewage disposal and biological fermentation. A furfural-degrading strain (DS1) was isolated from activated sludge of wastewater treatment plant in a @entity3 factory by continuous enrichment culture. The strain was identified as @entity2 based on morphological, physiological tests, as well as on 16S rDNA sequence and Biolog analyses. The capacity of this strain to grow on a mineral salt medium, utilizing furfural as the sole @entity0 and energy source to degrade furfural, was investigated in this study. Under the condition of pH 9.0, temperature 35    C, with rotating speed of 150  rpm, and an inoculum of 6  %, the strain showed that the furfural degradation capacity reaches 35  % in 7  days, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The addition of inorganic @entity0 sources could bring down the biodegradation efficiency of the furfural. The strain DS1 showed better furfural removal capacity, as compared to other inorganic @entity0 sources in the media. Furthermore, a furfural concentration of as high as 4,000  mg  L(-1) was tolerated by the culture. The capacity to degrade @entity4 was demonstrated for the first time by using the genus @entity2 . This study suggests the possible application in biodegradation strategies.

title: Isolation and Characterization of a Furfural-Degrading Bacterium XXXX sp. Strain DS1.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of customised foot orthoses in chronic @entity2 . METHODS: This was a @entity0 -blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled trial at a single centre (La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia). One hundred and forty @entity0 aged 18-55   years with @entity2 were randomised to receive eccentric @entity1 muscle exercises with either customised foot orthoses (intervention group) or sham foot orthoses (control group). Allocation to intervention was concealed. The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire was completed at baseline, then at 1, 3, 6 and 12   months, with 3   months being the primary end point. Differences between groups were analysed using intention to treat with analysis of covariance. RESULTS: After randomisation into the customised foot orthoses group (n=67) or sham foot orthoses group (n=73), there was 70.7% follow-up of @entity0 at 3   months. There were no significant differences between groups at any time point. At 3   months, the mean (SD) VISA-A score was 82.1 (16.3) and 79.2 (20.0) points for the customised and sham foot orthosis groups, respectively (adjusted mean difference (95% CI)=2.6 (-2.9 to 8.0), p=0.353). There were no clinically meaningful differences between groups in any of the secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: Customised foot orthoses, prescribed according to the protocol in this study, are no more effective than sham foot orthoses for reducing symptoms and improving function in @entity0 with @entity2 undergoing an eccentric @entity1 muscle exercise programme. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: number ACTRN12609000829213.

title: Effectiveness of customised foot orthoses for Achilles XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The social and economic impact of drug use on our global population continues to increase leaving no geographical, social or cultural group untouched. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in one of the few large surveys of maternal abuse, found that 5.5% of mothers reported taking an illicit substance during gestation. These figures certainly are underestimates due to the stigma of drug use during pregnancy and the accompanying legal, ethical and economic issues. Although drugs of choice and routes of administration vary by country, exposure of our most valuable resource, our @entity0 , to the developmental effects of drugs is an enormous problem. In utero drug exposure can have a severe impact not only on the development of the fetus, but also on the @entity0 during later stages of life. More than 75% of @entity0 exposed to drugs have major medical problems as compared to 27% of unexposed @entity0 . The cost of treating drug-affected @entity0 was twice the cost of non-affected @entity0 . Obstetrical complications including @entity4 , @entity3 , intrauterine @entity1 , and increased incidence of @entity5 are higher in the drug-abusing mother. Treatment for pregnant addicts should be a high priority for our governments. Increased awareness and improvement in our understanding of @entity2 in the medical, legal and social realms will enable us to reduce the barriers to treatment for this important population.Accurate identification of in utero drug exposure has important implications for the care of the mother and @entity0 , but can raise difficult legal issues. Society discourages prenatal care with the infliction of harsh criminal penalties. Maternal drug use during pregnancy can be monitored with urine, sweat, oral fluid and/or hair testing. Detection of in utero drug exposure has traditionally been accomplished through urine testing; however, the window of detection is short, reflecting drug use for only a few days before delivery. Monitoring exposure through testing of alternative matrices, such as neonatal meconium and hair, offers advantages including non-invasive collection and detection earlier in gestation. There are many unresolved issues in monitoring in utero drug exposure that urgently require research. These can be divided into research to definitively differentiate drug exposed and non-drug-exposed fetuses, determine the most efficient methods to routinely monitor @entity0 's drug use, and determine how these drug test results relate to neonatal and maternal outcomes. Research in this area is difficult and expensive to perform, but necessary to assess accurately drug effects on the fetus. By increasing our understanding of the physiological, biochemical and behavioral effects of gestational drug exposure, we may ultimately provide solutions for better drug prevention, treatment and a reduction in the number of drug-exposed @entity0 .

title: XXXX 's smallest victims: in utero drug exposure.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSI) are nosocomial infections that cause considerable problems in orthopaedic surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis can be used to reduce the risk for SSI. There is no universal antibiotic that can be recommended for prophylaxis in terms of coverage of all possible pathogens because of antibiotic resistance, and there are no universal recommendations for different types of @entity0 in terms of @entity3 , selected operation and risk factors for development of SSI. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical treatment (ORIF) of closed @entity4 in young, healthy @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 details were collected from the @entity0 histories. Inclusion criteria for @entity0 were age 20-30 years, not suffering from any type of @entity2 or state that may affect @entity1 and ISS <=9. Antibiotic prophylaxis use and outcome (SSI) were compared between two groups of @entity0 . Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test and t-test for proportions. RESULTS: A total of 347 @entity0 with closed @entity4 treated with ORIF met the inclusion criteria. There were 290 male and 57 female @entity0 , with an average age of 24.47 years. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to 242 @entity0 (69.74%); 2g @entity5 was administered to 88.02% of the @entity0 who received antibiotic prophylaxis. Ten @entity0 developed @entity1 (eight out of 242 with antibiotic prophylaxis and two out of 105 without antibiotic prophylaxis). The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P=0.749). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis was ineffective in preventing SSI in @entity0 with no risk factors for SSI who were undergoing ORIF for closed @entity4 .

title: A retrospective study of antibiotic prophylaxis value in surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the treatment of choice for @entity0 with symptomatic @entity5 . But with the introduction of this technique, the incidence of @entity3 has increased. We report the case of a 33-year-old @entity0 who was transferred from an affiliated hospital to our department for the treatment of a @entity3 2 weeks after LC. Prior to transfer, a laparotomy had been performed, with insertion of a T-tube and a Robinson drain on day 5 after LC. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) on admission day revealed an extensive defect of the right biliary system, which could not be treated endoscopically. An emergency laparotomy had to be performed at night for @entity2 from the portal vein. Due to massive @entity1 in the porta @entity4 and intraparenchymal destruction of the right bile duct, liver resection was performed 2 days later, after the @entity0 had stabilized in the intensive care unit (ICU). The @entity0 had a prolonged postoperative course, but he finally recovered well from these operations. In conclusion, the management of @entity3 should include ultrasound to detect and drain fluid collections and ERC to classify the injury. Emergency laparotomy should never be performed without these examinations, since the majority of @entity3 can be treated endoscopically. Surgery for this serious complication should always be performed at specialized centers for hepatobiliary surgery.

title: Right hemihepatectomy for XXXX following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 , 20mg, plus @entity5 , 10mg, daily ( @entity4 plus @entity5 ) reduced major @entity2 events in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP), but its cost-effectiveness is unknown. STUDY DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness of @entity4 plus @entity5 in SHARP, a randomized controlled trial. SETTING _ POPULATION: 9,270 @entity0 with @entity3 randomly assigned to @entity4 plus @entity5 versus placebo; @entity0 in categories by 5-year cardiovascular risk (low,  <10%; medium, 10%-<20%; or high,  >= 20%) and @entity3 stage (3, 4, 5 not on dialysis, or on dialysis therapy). MODEL, PERSPECTIVE, _ TIMELINE: Assessment during SHARP follow-up from the UK perspective; long-term projections. INTERVENTION: @entity4 plus @entity5 (2015 UK   1.19 per day) during 4.9 years' median follow-up in SHARP; scenario analyses with high-intensity statin regimens (2015 UK   0.05-  1.06 per day). OUTCOMES: Additional health care costs per major @entity2 event avoided and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. RESULTS: In SHARP, the proportional reductions per 1mmol/L of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity1 reduction with @entity4 plus @entity5 in all major @entity2 events of 20% (95% CI, 6%-32%) and in the costs of vascular hospital episodes of 17% (95% CI, 4%-28%) were similar across @entity0 categories by cardiovascular risk and @entity3 stage. The 5-year reduction in major @entity2 events per 1,000 @entity0 ranged from 10 in low-risk to 58 in high-risk @entity0 and from 28 in @entity3 stage 3 to 36  in @entity0 on dialysis therapy. The net cost per major @entity2 event avoided with @entity4 plus @entity5 compared to no LDL-lowering regimen ranged from   157,060 in @entity0 at low risk to   15,230 in those at high risk (  30,500-  39,600 per QALY); and from   47,280 in @entity3 stage 3 to   28,180 in @entity0 on dialysis therapy (  13,000-  43,300 per QALY). In scenario analyses, generic high-intensity statin regimens were estimated to yield similar benefits at substantially lower cost. LIMITATIONS: High-intensity statin-alone regimens were not studied in SHARP. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 plus @entity5 prevented @entity2 events in SHARP, but other less costly statin regimens are likely to be more cost-effective for reducing cardiovascular risk in @entity3 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity4 plus XXXX for Cardiovascular Prevention in @entity3 : Results of the Study  of  Heart  and Renal Protection (SHARP).

answer: @entity5


abstract: The mixed type of @entity3 and @entity5 is particularly rare. Hepatic resection was performed for two @entity0 with mixed @entity3 and @entity5 . In case 1, a 55-year-old Japanese @entity0 was found to have a @entity2 on ultrasonography. Since ultrasonically-guided needle biopsy revealed that the @entity1 was poorly differentiated @entity3 , the @entity0 underwent a limited hepatic resection. Histologic and immunohistochemical examination revealed that the @entity1 had elements of both @entity3 and @entity5 . Six months after surgery, the @entity0 died of systemic recurrences. In case 2, a 58-year-old @entity0 was found by ultrasonography to have a @entity2 occupying the entire right hepatic lobe. Computed tomography revealed that the @entity1 had a portal @entity1 thrombus. The diagnosis of @entity3 was made because of a markedly elevated serum @entity4 concentration, and a right hepatic lobectomy was performed. Histologic and immunohistochemical examination confirmed that the lesion was mixed hepatocellular and @entity5 . The @entity0 died of multiple recurrent @entity1 in the remnant liver 3 months after surgery. Surgical control of mixed @entity3 and @entity5 is difficult.

title: Surgically treated cases of mixed @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adhesion molecules are cell surface glycoproteins that are important in cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. In the present study, we analyzed the adhesion molecules @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 @entity2 . METHODS: @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 were analyzed in 20 @entity2 specimens and 20 normal pancreatic tissues. mRNA expression encoding ICAM-, @entity5 , and @entity4 was assessed with Northern blot analysis. The distribution and localization of @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 was determined in the pancreatic specimens by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Northern blot analysis revealed a 5.4-fold increase of @entity3 (P<0.01) and a 3.7-fold increase in @entity5 (P<0.01) mRNA expression in @entity1 samples in comparison with normal controls. In contrast, @entity4 mRNA levels did not show significant differences between the @entity1 and the normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity1 tissues showed strong immunostaining for @entity3 and @entity5 , and faint immunostaining for @entity4 in the @entity2 cells. Fibrotic or noncancerous pancreatic tissue adjacent to the @entity1 mass was devoid of any immunoreactivity for @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 . In contrast, the normal pancreas exhibited no immunoreactivity of @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced expression of @entity3 and @entity5 in @entity0 @entity2 suggests a role in @entity1 pathogenesis. The increase of these adhesion molecules might influence the detachment of @entity1 cells in the @entity1 , might contribute to @entity1 cell migration and the spread of @entity1 cells to distant organs, or both.

title: Adhesion molecules in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Antibiotics suppress normal gut flora, allowing overgrowth of acquired or native @entity6 , with release of toxins that cause @entity1 . Oral @entity3 is used to treat antibiotic-associated @entity5 ( @entity9 ). This study was designed to determine whether oral @entity3 , as part of preoperative bowel preparation, prevents or decreases incidence of antibiotic-associated @entity5 after elective colonic and rectal procedures. METHODS: Eighty-two @entity0 (40 @entity0 ) were prospectively, randomly assigned to receive one of two oral antibiotic regimens before colorectal surgery. All @entity0 underwent mechanical bowel preparation with @entity4 -electrolyte lavage solution before administration of oral antibiotics. Group 1 (n = 42) @entity0 received three doses (1 g/dose) of @entity8 and @entity7 . Group 2 (n = 40) @entity0 received three doses (1 g/dose) of @entity8 and @entity3 . Both groups received one preoperative and three postoperative doses of intravenous @entity10 (2 g/dose). Both groups had stool samples tested for @entity6 toxin in the preoperative and postoperative periods by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay or by tissue culture @entity2 . @entity0 with preoperative stool studies positive for @entity6 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Treatment groups were not different for age, gender, or surgical procedure. Mean age +/- 1 standard deviation was 67.6 +/- 13.6 (range, 34-94) years in Group 1 and 62.1 +/- 13.5 (range, 35-84) years in Group 2 (P = 0.069). Mean length of hospital stay +/- 1 standard deviation was 9.76 +/- 4.9 (range, 4-28) days for Group 1 and 8.05 +/- 2.6 (range, 3-14) days for Group 2 (P = 0.053). Five @entity0 in Group 1 ( @entity8 and @entity7 ) and one @entity0 in Group 2 ( @entity8 and @entity3 ) had positive stool studies for @entity6 . Relative risk of colonization with @entity6 in Group 1 was 4.76 times that in Group 2 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.581, 39). This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.202). There were no significant differences in @entity6 colonization rates with respect to age, length of stay, or gender. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there may be a clinical association between use of @entity3 preoperatively and inhibition of intestinal colonization by @entity6 in this @entity0 population undergoing colonic and rectal surgery.

title: XXXX may inhibit intestinal colonization with @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A best evidence topic in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether endovascular treatment with multilayer flow modulator stents (MFMS) can be considered a safe alternative to open surgery for high-risk @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Altogether 27 papers were identified using the reported search, of which 11 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity0 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study limitations are tabulated. The outcomes of interest were all-cause survival, @entity2 -related survival, branch vessel patency and major adverse events. @entity2 -related survival exceeded 78% in almost all studies, with the exception of one where the MFMS was inserted outside the instructions for use. In that study the @entity2 -related survival was 28.9%. The branch vessel patency was higher than 95% in 10 studies and not reported in one. At 12-month follow-up, several studies showed a low incidence of major adverse events, including @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity4 . We conclude that MFMS represent a suitable and safe treatment for high-risk @entity0 with @entity5 maintaining branch vessel patency when used within their instructions for use. However, a number of limitations must be considered when interpreting this evidence, particularly the complete lack of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), short follow-up in all studies, and heterogeneity of the pathologies among the different populations studied. Further innovative developments are needed to improve MFMS safety, expand their instructions for use, and enhance their efficacy.

title: Is endovascular treatment with multilayer flow modulator stent insertion a safe alternative to open surgery for high-risk XXXX with @entity5 ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of distinct clusters of @entity2 symptoms on subsequent cause-specific mortality in older @entity0 living in the community. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study over 7.5 years. SETTING: Otsuki-town, Kochi prefecture, Japan. @entity0 : Nine hundred eighty community-dwelling @entity0 , aged 65 to 84 in 1991. MEASUREMENTS: Psychiatric symptoms at baseline were measured using the 30-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30). A factor analysis was performed on the responses of all 980 subjects. The relationships between subscale scores on the identified factors and causes of @entity4 occurring over 7.5 years in 817 respondents with no physical disability at baseline were assessed using a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, gender, chronic conditions under treatment, regular physical activity, and availability of close or casual neighbors. RESULTS: The factor analysis identified three clusters of @entity2 symptoms: @entity5 , apathy/anergia, and @entity3 . In the proportional hazards model, which included three GHQ subscales depicting these factors simultaneously, the @entity5 subscale was associated with increased mortality from @entity1 (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio per unit increase in the standard score on the @entity5 subscale=2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.17-3.55), and the apathy/anergia subscale was associated with increased mortality from noncancer and noncardiovascular causes (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio per unit increase in the standard score on the apathy/anergia subscale=1.71, 95% CI=1.25-2.34). The @entity3 subscale was not associated with any cause of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 and symptoms indicating apathy/anergia have differential influences on subsequent causes of @entity4 in older @entity0 living in the community. Identification of specific @entity2 may contribute to the prevention of @entity4 from specific causes in older populations.

title: The differential influence of distinct clusters of @entity2 symptoms, as assessed by the general health questionnaire, on cause of @entity4 in older XXXX living in a rural community of Japan.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Asymptomatic @entity4 may cause increased @entity5 in some @entity0 , leading to unnecessary repeat prostate biopsy. We determined whether histological findings of @entity1 in initial biopsy specimens and/or clinical indicators of @entity1 could predict the outcome of subsequent biopsy in @entity0 with a negative initial biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 105 Japanese @entity0 with increased @entity5 underwent repeat prostate biopsy after initial biopsy revealed no evidence of @entity2 . Of the cases 45 (42.8%) were positive for @entity3 at repeat biopsy. We evaluated initial biopsy specimens for evidence of @entity1 by mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, serum and urinary white blood count, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrates, urinary white blood count, @entity0 age, @entity5 at repeat biopsy, prostate volume, @entity5 velocity and @entity5 density were associated with the repeat biopsy outcome (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, @entity5 density and urinary white blood count were independent predictors of outcome. On subgroup analysis of 63 men with serum @entity5 less than 10 ng/ml before initial biopsy polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocyte @entity1 , age, @entity5 at repeat biopsy, prostate volume, @entity5 velocity and @entity5 density were associated with the outcome of repeat biopsy (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate, @entity5 density and age were independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Age, @entity5 density, polymorphonuclear leukocyte @entity1 in initial biopsy specimens and urinary @entity6 are indicators of benign repeat biopsy. They help avoid unnecessary repeat biopsy in @entity0 with increased @entity5 .

title: XXXX detected in initial biopsy specimens and urinary @entity6 are predictors of negative repeat prostate biopsy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: With increasing survival of @entity0 with more severe forms of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and risk of long-term respiratory morbidity, studies on lung morphology are needed. We used hyperpolarised (3) He MRI and anatomical (1) H MRI in a cohort of young adult @entity3 @entity0 to image regional lung ventilation and microstructure, focusing on morphological and @entity2 . METHODS: Nine @entity0 with left-sided @entity3 , born 1975-1993, were studied. Regional ventilation was imaged with hyperpolarised (3) He MRI, and the (3) He apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was computed separately for the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs. (1) H MRI was used to image lung anatomy, total lung volume and motion during free-breathing. RESULTS: (3) He MRI showed @entity1 in six @entity0 , ranging from a single ipsilateral ventilation defect (3 @entity0 ) to multiple ventilation defects in both lungs (one @entity0 treated with extra corporeal membrane oxygenation). In eight @entity0 , (3) He ADC values for the ipsilateral lung were significantly higher than those for the contralateral lung. CONCLUSIONS: Functional and micro-structural changes persist into adulthood in most @entity3 @entity0 . Ipsilateral elevated (3) He ADC values are consistent with enlargement of mean dimensions of the confining lung micro-structure at the alveolar level. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:517-524.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Pulmonary ventilation and micro-structural findings in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although exposure to UV radiation is the major risk factor for @entity3 , theoretical models suggest that radon exposure can contribute to risk, and this is supported by ecological studies. We sought to confirm or refute an association between long-term exposure to residential radon and the risk for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using a prospective cohort design and long-term residential radon exposure. METHODS: During 1993-1997, we recruited 57,053 Danish @entity0 and collected baseline information. We traced and geocoded all residential addresses of the cohort members and calculated radon concentrations at each address lived in from 1 January 1971 until censor date. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate incidence rate-ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) for the risk associated with radon exposure for @entity3 and @entity1 , and effect modification was assessed. RESULTS: Over a mean follow-up of 13.6 years of 51,445 subjects, there were 3,243 cases of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 317 cases of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 329 cases of @entity1 . The adjusted IRRs per 100 Bq/m3 increase in residential radon levels for @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity1 were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.27), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.37) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.50), respectively. The association between radon exposure and @entity4 was stronger among those with higher socio-economic status and those living in apartments at enrollment. CONCLUSION AND IMPACT: Long-term residential radon exposure may contribute to development of @entity4 . We cannot exclude confounding from sunlight and cannot conclude on causality, as the relationship was stronger amongst @entity0 living in apartments and non-existent amongst those living in single detached homes.

title: Residential Radon Exposure and XXXX Incidence in a Prospective Danish Cohort.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the resolution of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) during and after antituberculosis medication. DESIGN: An observational, prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: University-affiliated general hospital in Seoul, Korea. @entity0 AND METHODS: Chest radiographs of 85 adult @entity3 @entity0 were followed up prospectively from diagnosis to 24 months after the start of medication. The extent of @entity2 , synonymous with the radiographic term, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), was evaluated at regular intervals according to a size scale. Additionally, following completion of 6 months of therapy, residual @entity1 (RPO) was determined by either measurement of the widest width of the opacity, if loculated, or at the superior level of the hemidiaphragm. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity0 had a @entity1 graded > or = 2 at the initial presentation. At 6, 9, and 24 months, the number of @entity0 with these grades declined. At these time periods, there were 14, 8, and 7 @entity0 , respectively, remaining with this classification. RPO > 10 mm at 24 months was considered indicative of significant residual @entity2 . During the period after 6 months of antituberculosis medication, the number of @entity0 with RPO > or = 10 mm declined from 43 @entity0 at 6 months to 21 @entity0 at 24 months. The presence of loculation on an initial chest decubitus view was associated with significant RPO at 24 months (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: In @entity3 @entity0 , improvement of RPO often occurred even after completion of 6 months of antituberculosis medication up to 24 months. A loculated @entity1 at initial presentation, but not initial @entity1 size, was a predictor of significant RPO at 24 months.

title: Resolution of residual @entity2 according to time course in XXXX during and after the termination of antituberculosis medication.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have shown previously that hemorrhagic @entity2 is associated with a progressive development of vascular hyporeactivity to @entity3 (NE). The present study investigated whether select crystalloid or colloid resuscitation fluids would ameliorate this effect. METHOD: Anesthetized male @entity0 were hemorrhaged to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 50 mm Hg for 60 minutes. @entity0 (n = 7 per group) were then resuscitated with lactated Ringer's (LR), 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) for 1 hour followed by LR (HS-LR), Hespan, or Hextend to restore and maintain MAP to 70 mm Hg over 4 hours. Additional hemorrhaged groups were resuscitated with LR to the baseline MAP (LR-BL) or received no resuscitation. A sham @entity1 group served as controls. The responses of MAP and the blood flow of the superior mesenteric, celiac, left renal, and left femoral arteries to NE (3 microg/kg administered intravenously) were measured at BL (prehemorrhage); at the end of the @entity2 period; and at 1, 2, and 4 hours after resuscitation. RESULTS: @entity2 significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the NE-induced pressor response in MAP and significantly reduced the contractile responses (reflected by the @entity2 after NE administration) of the four arteries to NE. Hespan and Hextend infusion improved the NE response of MAP and the contractile responses of the observed arteries to NE significantly better than LR, HS-LR, or LR-BL. The colloids improved the vascular contractile responses to NE in the superior mesenteric and left femoral arteries and the pressor response of MAP to NE, to 80% to 90% of their basal response level compared with 40% to 60% with the crystalloid fluids (p < 0.05). LR-BL infusion resulted in hemodilution, with no added benefit to vascular responsiveness. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that @entity2 resuscitation to 70 mm Hg with colloids was better than crystalloids in improving vascular responsiveness to the pressor effects of NE and required smaller volumes. Normotensive resuscitation with LR was not better than @entity2 resuscitation. Not all vasculatures improved equally after fluid resuscitation.

title: Effects of crystalloid and colloid resuscitation on @entity1 -induced vascular hyporesponsiveness to @entity3 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a @entity1 caused by both genetic and environmental factors. @entity8 is of particular interest in @entity4 since it is a major component of Lewy bodies and mutations in the @entity8 gene were identified in familial @entity4 . Oxidative stress and @entity5 are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity4 but their interactions as well as their effect on aggregates formation are not yet clear. We therefore examined the roles of oxidative stress and proteasomal inhibition on protein aggregates induction in na  ve and neuronally differentiated @entity6 SH-SY5Y cells. @entity6 cells were stably transfected with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity10 mutant @entity8 . Na  ve and transfected cells were exposed to oxidative stress induced by @entity7 , SIN-I, @entity11 and to proteasomal inhibition by @entity9 . Proteasomal inhibition caused a dose-dependent decrease in viability and induced protein aggregates formation containing @entity8 and ubiquitin. Proteasomal inhibition induced significantly increased @entity8 aggregation in cells expressing mutant @entity8 . Exposure to reactive @entity0 species (ROS) combined with proteasomal inhibition increased aggregates formation. Inclusion body formation and cell death of differentiated @entity6 cells overexpressing @entity8 can serve as a valuable model for elucidating the molecular components that cause @entity3 in @entity4 as well as evaluating pharmacological interventions.

title: Proteasomal inhibition hypersensitizes differentiated XXXX cells to oxidative damage.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for enhancement of oral absorption of a poor water-soluble drug, @entity4 (ARE), is reported. Solubility of ARE was determined in various vehicles. SMEDDS consisted of a mixture of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants that were emulsified in an aqueous medium under the gentle agitation and digestive motility. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to identify the efficient self-emulsification regions. The particle size distribution of the resulting microemulsions was determined using a laser scatter particle size analyzer (LSPSA). The optimized SMEDDS formulations containing @entity3 (20%), @entity2 (60%), and @entity1 (20%) were tested for in vitro dissolution. The percentage of ARE released from the SMEDDS was significantly higher than that from the conventional tablets. Oral bioavailability of ARE in the SMEDDS via the hard capsules and the conventional tablets was evaluated in fasted @entity0 . The bioavailability of ARE formulated in SMEDDS showed approximately 4.8-fold higher bioavailability than that in the conventional tablets. The results indicated that SMEDDS is potentially a good drug delivery system for oral delivery of the hydrophobic compound ARE.

title: Development of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems for oral bioavailability enhancement of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in the diagnosis and prognosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and they are useful in developing targeted therapies. However, there have been no studies on the existence of racial differences in miRNAs expression that could explain differential overall survival of @entity4 @entity0 . Expression analysis of miRNAs in major racial groups would be important for optimizing personalized treatment strategies. In the current study, we assessed the differential expression of 8 miRNAs between normal and @entity1 tissues, and also assessed racial differences between African American (AA) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: First, the miRNA expression profiling was performed using @entity2 -fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections of @entity1 containing over 70% @entity1 cells. Normal and @entity1 sections of thyroid tissues were studied from AA and @entity5 @entity0 . The miRNA microarray profiling was done using miRBase version 18 (LC Sciences, Houston, TX, USA). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate expression of 8 selected miRNAs. RESULTS: Ingenuity pathway analysis showed involvement of target genes, such as Ras and NF-kB. Deregulated miRNAs such as @entity3 and @entity9 were found to be statistically significant between the two races. Using qRT-PCR, we found that @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity6 were up-regulated while miR-138 and @entity11 were down-regulated in @entity1 compared to normal tissues. CONCLUSION: Though sample size was small, we found several deregulated miRNAs having racial differences. The differential expression of miRNAs suggest that these miRNAs and their target genes could be useful to gain further mechanistic insight of @entity4 and their clinical implications, including miRNA replacement therapy or their knockdown strategies.

title: Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in XXXX and Their Role in Racial Disparity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Worldwide, millions of @entity0 are treated each year for significant @entity5 . A substantial proportion die, and many more are disabled. If short term corticosteroid infusion could be reliably shown to reduce these risks by just a few percent then this might affect the treatment of a few hundred thousand @entity0 a year, protecting thousands from @entity3 or long term disability. STUDY DESIGN: @entity7 is a large simple, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of a 48-hour infusion of @entity4 on @entity3 and on @entity1 , among adults with @entity5 and some @entity6 . Head injured @entity0 with @entity6 who are judged to be 16 years or older are eligible if the responsible doctor is, for any reason, substantially uncertain whether or not to use @entity4 . ORGANISATION: The @entity7 trial will determine reliably the effects on @entity3 and disability of a short corticosteroid infusion following significant @entity5 . To detect or refute improvements of only a few percent in outcome, many thousands of acute @entity5 @entity0 must be randomised between control and @entity2 infusions. Such large numbers will be possible only if hundreds of doctors and nurses can collaborate in the participating emergency departments. Since they are busy, and working in emergency situations, the trial involves them in almost no extra work: no special investigations or changes to usual management are required, and data collection is absolutely minimal. The trial is on-going and new collaborators are welcome. Further information about the trial is available at http://www. @entity7 .lshtm.ac.uk

title: The XXXX trial protocol (Corticosteroid randomisation after significant @entity5 ) [ISRCTN74459797].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The simultaneous management of @entity2 and @entity4 is sometimes required in @entity0 with severe @entity6 if timely visual rehabilitation is to be achieved. A 1-month-old female @entity0 presented with an enlarged, protuberant, opaque @entity1 in each eye and @entity5 . An intrastromal, fluid-filled cleft was noted in both corneas. It resolved over 3 weeks as corneal scarring progressed. Peripheral corneal clearing allowed a view of an essentially normal anterior chamber. Penetrating keratoplasty and Ahmed (New World Medical Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) valve implant surgery with @entity3 were performed simultaneously in the two eyes 1 months apart. At 15 months of age, the @entity0 's grafts were clear and the intraocular pressure was well controlled in both eyes. One eye required multiple procedures for @entity2 control. No postoperative overfiltration occurred. The authors conclude that the use of a valved implant should be considered in @entity0 who require urgent simultaneous corneal and @entity2 surgery for severe @entity6 . This combination may improve early postoperative control of aqueous outflow and positively affect long-term graft survival in these difficult cases.

title: Penetrating keratoplasty with a valved @entity2 drainage implant for XXXX and corneal scarring secondary to hydrops.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise during chemotherapy is a promising strategy to reduce fatigue and improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It has been shown to be feasible and @entity1 , including @entity1 . Effects of physical activity have never been explored in advanced @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We aim to evaluate the effects of an exercise intervention in this setting. METHODS: This randomized, national, multicenter, interventional study will examine the effectiveness of an unsupervised, home-based, 16-week adapted physical activity (APA) program. Specificities of advanced @entity6 for the implementation of the APA program will be taken into account (healthy volunteer as physical activity partner instead of @entity0 groups, nutritional management). The main inclusion criteria are: @entity0 with histologically confirmed, unresectable @entity6 ; scheduled for chemotherapy; performance status 0-2; age   >=    18; and physical activity partner. In total, 200 @entity0 will be randomized into either the APA program (aerobic and resistance exercises) in addition to usual care (including chemotherapy at the investigator's choice), or usual care. The primary objective will be the effect on fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, MFI-20) and HRQoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life-C30 questionnaire, EORTC-QLQ-C30; co-primary endpoint) at week 16. As secondary objectives, the effects of the exercise intervention on @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity4 , nutritional status, insulin resistance, tolerance of chemotherapy, survival, and adherence to the APA program will be evaluated. DISCUSSION: @entity0 with advanced @entity6 are strongly affected by fatigue, and are thus likely to benefit from an exercise intervention. Moreover, exercise may have a potential beneficial effect on @entity1 outcome by reducing @entity5 ) secretion. However, an exercise intervention may appear challenging due to multiple @entity6 -related symptoms such as fatigue, @entity4 , @entity3 , and denutrition. We hypothesize that an APA program taking into account specific characteristics of @entity6 may improve symptoms and HRQoL. If demonstrated to be feasible and effective, such APA programs will be systematically proposed to @entity0 with advanced @entity6 in addition to usual care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02184663 ; Registration date: 2 July 2014.

title: Rationale and design of the Adapted Physical Activity in advanced Pancreatic Cancer XXXX (APACaP) GERCOR (Groupe Coop  rateur Multidisciplinaire en Oncologie) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role substance @entity4 ) plays in @entity2 , we evaluated SP immunoreactivity within the spinal cord after irritation of the prostate. Because alpha-adrenergic blockade attenuates nociceptor-induced @entity1 , the effects of an alpha-adrenergic blocker on SP immunoreactivity were also evaluated. SP is considered a mediator of nociception in the spinal cord. Immunoreactivity of SP is enhanced after acute chemical stimulation of somata. METHODS: @entity0 received chemical irritation of the prostate with or without pretreatment with @entity3 . They were killed after 1 hour, and immunohistochemical staining for SP was performed. SP immunoreactive areas were quantified in the dorsal spinal cord of the L5 to S2 segments. RESULTS: Chemical irritation of the prostate increased SP immunoreactive areas in the L6 to S2 segments. Enhancement was observed in the whole dorsal spinal cord regions. This enhancement was significantly attenuated by @entity3 in the L6 and S1 segments. CONCLUSIONS: SP probably plays a significant role in mediating nociceptive processing from the prostate. @entity3 can attenuate nociception-induced SP upregulation within the spinal cord.

title: Spinal substance P immunoreactivity is enhanced by acute chemical stimulation of the XXXX prostate.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Atrial septostomy is essential for palliation of some complex @entity3 , such as @entity9 and left-/right-sided @entity6 or @entity8 . Conventionally, balloon @entity7 is done in neonates. Beyond the neonatal period, surgical septostomy is done using cardiopulmonary bypass and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. We report a new technique of @entity7 without cardiopulmonary bypass and its follow-up. METHODS: Eleven cases underwent @entity7 without using cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2009 to June 2010. Median age of @entity0 was 7 months (2-12 months) and median weight was 6.3 kg (range 4.5-10 kg). Surgical septostomy was performed through the right atrial appendage with a @entity10 's dilator, aided by intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) less than 5mm was enlarged with a Kerrison bone punch and then dilated with a @entity10 's dilator. Associate procedures performed were off-pump Glenn in seven cases, pulmonary artery (PA) banding in three cases, and shunt with PA band in one case. RESULTS: All the restricted ASDs were successfully enlarged with adequate interatrial shunting without any gradient. Echocardiography revealed no evidence of introduction of air or particulate emboli, and no tricuspid @entity4 or @entity5 . There was no postoperative mortality. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 18 months (median 11 months). Echocardiography showed good PA band gradient/well-functioning Glenn shunt and unobstructed @entity2 with good @entity1 saturation. CONCLUSIONS: This technique demonstrates the surgical feasibility of a beating-heart @entity7 . It avoids the adverse effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, reduces morbidity, and has no mortality. It is safe, economical, and easily reproducible. To our knowledge, this technique has not been reported in literature so far.

title: New technique of off-pump XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To carry out a prospective evaluation of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) use in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity3 was introduced to all emergency ambulances and emergency departments in the South West, UK, on 1 December 2011. We carried out a prospective evaluation of @entity3 use in @entity1 @entity0 in the South West Peninsula between December 2011 and December 2012. We collected prehospital and hospital data on @entity3 administration using the Trauma Audit Research Network database. Data on prehospital administration of @entity3 were cross-checked with the South Western Ambulance Service Trust. Data were analysed using SPSS (version 20). RESULTS: Altogether, 82 @entity0 were administered @entity3 during the study period. The median age of the @entity0 was 49 years (IQR 30, 66), and 72% were @entity0 . One-third of the @entity0 arrived at hospital by air ambulance. During the first 3 months, administration of @entity3 was limited to one @entity0 each month receiving the drug. However, an upward trend was observed after June until October 2012, with the increment being more than 10 fold in July, September and October 2012. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to evaluate the use of @entity3 in civilian practice in the UK. Our study shows that ambulance service personnel and emergency departments can effectively administer @entity3 .

title: @entity2 in major XXXX : implementation and evaluation across South West England.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A tubular gelatin scaffold for the time-dependent controlled release of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and @entity0 ( @entity1 ) was fabricated. EGF was incorporated using silk fibroin carriers, and @entity1 was planted using @entity2 ( @entity2 ) microspheres. The relationship between scaffold properties and crosslinking degrees was evaluated. As the crosslinking degree was increased from 23.7% to 65.3%, the mechanical properties of the scaffold obviously improved, and the compressive modulus increased to approximately 65kPa. The mass degradation of the scaffold was also controlled from 9 days to approximately 1 month. In vitro release tests indicated that the scaffold mainly released EGF in the early period and @entity1 in the later period. Urethral epithelial cells (UECs) and urethral scar derived fibroblast cells (UFCs) were coseeded in the scaffold at a ratio of 1:1. After 9 days of coculture, immunostaining results displayed that the proportion of UECs continuously increased to approximately 71%. These changes in cell proportion were confirmed by the results of Western blot analysis. Therefore, the scaffold promoted the growth but inhibited the regeneration of UFCs. This scaffold for time-dependent controlled release of multiple biofactors may be potentially useful in urethral reconstruction and other tissue engineering studies.

title: A tubular gelatin scaffold capable of the time-dependent controlled release of epidermal growth factor and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) present with visual symptoms mimicking a @entity6 . Accurate preoperative differentiation is important because @entity5 requires a craniotomy, whereas the transsphenoidal route is preferred for removal of most pituitary macroadenomas. METHODS: From 1989 to 1994, five @entity0 with @entity5 were treated at Taichung Veterans General Hospital. All were female, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years. This paper is a retrospective review of clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and postoperative visual recovery. RESULTS: The most common symptom, with a duration of one month to two years, was asymmetrical @entity2 . Abnormal endocrine levels were found in one @entity0 (prolactin: 47.91 ng/ml). Another @entity0 was misdiagnosed as having a @entity4 by coronal view computed tomography (CT) and underwent a transsphenoidal operation. Later, an accurate diagnosis was made using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). She then underwent another operation--unilateral subfrontal craniotomy with @entity1 . The other @entity0 were preoperatively diagnosed as having @entity5 by MRI. They also underwent unilateral subfrontal craniotomy with @entity1 . All @entity0 showed good visual improvement after their operation. The extent of visual improvement was closely related to the duration of preoperative @entity2 . There was no @entity1 recurrence after a follow-up period of six months to five years (mean, two years and six months). CONCLUSIONS: It should be emphasized that the diagnosis of @entity5 must first be based on clinical symptoms and signs, or " @entity3 ". It can be accurately diagnosed preoperatively by sagittal view MRI. Early diagnosis will increase the chances of a good postoperative visual outcome.

title: Tuberculum XXXX : clinical manifestation, radiologic diagnosis, surgery and visual outcome.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our aim was to examine the association of White's classification with obstetric and perinatal risk factors and outcomes in type 1 @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Obstetric records of a population-based cohort of 1,094 consecutive type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with a singleton childbirth during 1988-2011 were studied. The most recent childbirth of each @entity0 was included. RESULTS: The prepregnancy and the first trimester HbA1c increased from White's class B to F (p for trend <0.001). @entity4 and @entity6 frequencies increased stepwise from class B to F (p for trends <0.001). Vaginal deliveries decreased and Caesarean sections and deliveries before 37  weeks increased from class B to F (p for trends <0.001). @entity9 (p for trend   =   0.003) decreased and small-for-gestational age @entity0 (p for trend   =   0.002) and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (p for trend   =   0.001) increased from class B to F. In logistic regression analysis, White's classes were associated with @entity6 but, with the exception of class R ( @entity5 ) and F ( @entity2 ), not with other adverse outcomes when adjusted for first trimester HbA1c >= 7% (>= 53  mmol/mol) and blood pressure >= 140/90  mmHg. First trimester HbA1c >= 7% was associated with @entity6 , @entity8 , fetal @entity9 and neonatal intensive care unit admission. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: White's classification is useful in estimating the risk of @entity6 in early pregnancy independently of suboptimal glycaemic control and @entity3 . However, its utility in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes seems limited when information on first trimester HbA1c, blood pressure and @entity7 is available.

title: White's classification and pregnancy outcome in @entity0 with type 1 XXXX : a population-based cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The selection of the optimal method for assessing renal function relies on the accuracy of the technique. Plasma clearance of nonradioactive @entity4 contrast media (i.e., @entity5 or @entity6 ) has been suggested as a reliable alternative to the renal clearance of inulin for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The accuracy of this method when used with critically ill @entity0 displaying different levels of renal function in an @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has not, until now, been examined. DESIGN: The accuracy of double- and multiple-point @entity5 or @entity6 plasma clearances was compared with that of already established techniques for measuring GFR ( @entity2 clearance, formula clearance by Cockcroft and Gault) and with that of inulin clearance, which is regarded as the gold standard for the measurement of GFR. @entity0 : Values were obtained from 31 @entity3 @entity0 who exhibited a wide range of renal function (serum @entity2 : 0.6-6.7 mg/dL). MEASUREMENTS: Inulin clearance was performed using the constant-infusion technique. @entity2 clearance was determined from 24-hr urine samples. The clearance formula was calculated according to Cockcroft and Gault's formula. @entity5 or @entity6 were applied as a single intravenous dose, and blood samples were taken up to 6 hrs after the injection. @entity4 concentrations were determined by radiographic fluorescence. RESULTS: Plasma clearance of @entity5 / @entity6 measured after the single injection of contrast media and that of the conventional inulin clearance was almost identical (y = 0.971x + 7.65, r2 =.96; n = 31). Two-point clearance of @entity5 / @entity6 (double sampling technique) was as reliable as the three-point clearance (three-slope-intercept method, y = 0.995x + 0.62, r2 =.999; n = 18). With respect to inulin clearance, GFR measurements determined by @entity2 clearance or according to the formula given by Cockcroft and Gault revealed errors that increased proportionally (y = 1.03x, r2 =.88; n = 27; and y = 0.93x, r2 =.62; n = 31, respectively). It could also be shown that the accuracy of GFR measurements involving plasma clearance of @entity5 was not greatly affected by the degree of @entity1 or the route by which contrast media were applied. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the determination of plasma clearance of @entity5 / @entity6 is a simple, rapid, and accurate method that can indeed be used for estimating GFR in @entity3 @entity0 with normal renal function or even different degrees of @entity1 .

title: Plasma clearance of XXXX contrast media as a measure of glomerular filtration rate in critically ill @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) occurring in the presence of @entity5 , severe @entity2 , and poor left ventricular function has not been established. Recently, the availability of new assistance devices and techniques has provided novel management opportunities. In particular, when compared with surgical approaches, percutaneous procedures have the advantage of allowing "staged" interventions, in which different steps are planned according to the @entity0 's evolving clinical conditions. CASE PRESENTATION: A @entity0 was admitted with an @entity5 complicated by @entity6 on a background of severe @entity2 , severe @entity3 , and severe @entity4 . We successfully treated her with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to left main stem followed by @entity7 ( @entity7 ). After @entity7 , acute @entity1 developed with @entity8 . In such a catastrophic setting, we successfully achieved immediate stabilization by implantation of an Impella @entity9 device (Abiomed). After 1 day of Impella @entity9 assistance, we successfully performed elective transfemoral aortic revalving through the same femoral access by facilitating device crossing and hemostasis with transradial balloon peripheral angioplasty and by practicing a novel technique we called "pump rewiring." CONCLUSION: This case example demonstrates how a tailored step-by-step strategy including PCI, @entity7 , peripheral angioplasty, percutaneous ventricular assistance, and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) allowed the successful treatment of a critical @entity0 with @entity6 . Impella @entity9 could be considered an effective bridge to TAVI in @entity0 developing @entity1 after @entity7 , since maintaining arterial access can be achieved using the pump-rewiring technique.

title: Bail-Out Use of Impella XXXX as a Bridge to TAVI in a @entity6 @entity0 : The "Pump-Rewiring" Technique.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a common postoperative symptom, and length of hospital stay after surgery is short which highlights the importance of @entity1 assessments. Experiences of assessing @entity1 are mainly described from the perspective of nurses. In postoperative care, enrolled nurses and physicians also assess @entity1 . It is therefore important to take note of their experiences to improve @entity2 assessments. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was, through considering critical incidents, to describe care experiences and actions taken by healthcare professionals when assessing @entity2 . METHODS: An explorative design employing critical incidents technique analysis was used. A total of 24 strategically selected enrolled nurses, nurses and physicians employed at orthopaedic or general surgery wards in four Swedish hospitals were interviewed. The intention was to reach variation in age, sex, profession and professional experience. FINDINGS: In @entity1 assessments, @entity0 -related facilitators were @entity0 ' verbal and emotional expressions including @entity1 ratings, while lack of consistency with observed behaviours was a barrier. Clinical competence, continuity in care and time were healthcare-related facilitators. The actions healthcare professionals took were gathering facts about @entity0 ' @entity1 manifestations and adapting to @entity0 ' communication abilities. @entity0 observations, either passive or active were used to confirm or detect @entity1 . Collaboration between healthcare professionals, including consultations with @entity1 experts, social workers and relatives, strengthened understanding of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Communication skills and working conditions have an impact on performance of @entity1 assessment. @entity0 comfort without compromising safety is reached by including healthcare professionals' dissimilar responsibilities when collecting @entity0 ' and relatives' perspectives on current @entity1 .

title: Healthcare professionals' descriptions of care experiences and actions when assessing XXXX - a critical incident technique analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: SUMMARY: Plastic and cosmetic surgery is often performed as an ambulatory procedure, and @entity2 is often mild to moderate. @entity2 relief is central to @entity0 comfort and satisfaction. Analgesics used should ensure rapid onset and adequate @entity2 relief lasting a sufficiently long duration with minimal or no side effects. @entity5 is well tolerated by @entity0 , efficacious, and associated with only minor side effects, when used in the minimal effective doses. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are more efficacious, having lower numbers needed to treat compared with @entity5 , but have several side effects and contraindications. However, when used in the correct doses in healthy @entity0 , @entity1 are excellent for @entity2 management with one caveat that there is an increased risk for oozing or @entity3 . In contrast, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (Coxibs) are equally efficacious as @entity1 but have the added advantage that they have minimal or no effect on platelet function, and therefore, the risk for @entity3 complications is minimal. However, there has been some concern about the risk of vascular events in @entity0 with @entity4 , specifically when using Coxibs, but even some @entity1 , for example, diclofenac. In conclusion, @entity5 should be given postoperatively to all @entity0 undergoing plastic surgical procedures. For @entity0 undergoing moderately invasive surgery, the addition of Coxibs to @entity5 would be an advantage except in the @entity0 with @entity4 where @entity1 could have a place in management of @entity2 . Side effects and contraindications of @entity1 , however, restrict their use to the healthy @entity0 with mild comorbidities.

title: XXXX , nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors: an update.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is associated with a variety of @entity1 . The @entity4 agonists (DA) @entity2 and @entity8 were recently implicated in causing " @entity1 " and motor vehicle accidents. METHODS: In order to determine the overall rate of subjective @entity1 in @entity5 and to determine if any factors, including specific medications, correlate with sleep pathology, the authors surveyed consecutive @entity0 with @entity5 seen over a 3-month period in a @entity3 Clinic. The authors collected demographic and medication data, and the @entity0 completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), questions assessing the presence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), a modified National Sleep Foundation sleep survey, and specific questions regarding falling asleep while driving. RESULTS: A total of 320 @entity0 completed the questionnaire. The authors eliminated 17, six for incomplete data and 11 for having a primary diagnosis other than @entity5 . The mean age of the remaining 303 @entity0 was 67.1 +/- 10.7 years, and the mean duration of @entity5 was 9.1 +/- 5.7 years. The ESS scores averaged 11.1 +/- 5.9, and in 50.2% of @entity0 the score was abnormally high (>10). Stepwise regression analysis found that sleepiness correlated with longer duration of @entity5 (p < 0.001), more advanced @entity5 (p < 0.004), male sex (p < 0.001), and the use of any DA (p < 0.003). The soporific effects of the three most common DA ( @entity2 , @entity8 , and @entity6 ) were similar. Falling asleep while driving was reported by 63/279 (22.6%) of current drivers and correlated with higher ESS scores (p < 0.05). Other @entity1 , including @entity7 , were also frequently reported. CONCLUSION: @entity1 is common in @entity5 and correlates with more advanced and longer duration of @entity5 , and male sex. The DA were also independently associated with @entity1 , but in this group, no single DA was more culpable than the others.

title: XXXX and other @entity1 in Parkinson's disease.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe intentional placement of intraocular lens haptics in the ciliary sulcus of @entity0 with @entity4 who are at high risk for @entity2 . METHODS: We reviewed our experience with 16 eyes of 12 @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent @entity3 surgery with ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lenses. @entity0 were followed for a median of 16.5 months (range, 9 to 44 months) after surgery. We evaluated eyes for surgical technique and the following preoperative and postoperative factors: best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber cells, and posterior @entity5 . The following additional postoperative factors were sought: lens dislocation, lens edge capture, and evidence of pigment dispersion. RESULTS: @entity5 were present in 13 eyes before surgery; postoperative posterior @entity5 developed in only three of these eyes. These adhesions resulted in lens edge capture in one eye and limited lens decentration in another. Scant pigment was present on the lens optic or in the anterior chamber, suggesting pigment dispersion, in four eyes. We found no evidence of consistently increased anterior segment @entity1 or intraocular pressure after surgery when compared with preoperative levels for this group of @entity0 . Postoperative posterior @entity5 were seen more often in eyes that had can-opener anterior capsulotomy than in eyes that had continuous, curvilinear capsulorhexis (P = .036). CONCLUSIONS: Ciliary sulcus fixation allows the intraocular lens to serve as a physical barrier between the iris and the lens capsule remnants. This technique may be useful for reducing the risk of postoperative posterior @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity4 without increasing the risk of other postoperative problems.

title: @entity3 surgery with ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lenses in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare immunologic graft rejection in adult and 3-week-old immature recipients in the @entity1 keratoplasty model. METHODS: Forty orthotopic penetrating keratoplasties were performed in four different donor-recipient combinations. Group 1 consisted of adult Fisher donors and adult Lewis recipients, group 2 consisted of adult Fisher donors and immature Lewis recipients, group 3 consisted of adult Lewis donors and recipients, and group 4 consisted of adult Lewis donors and immature Lewis recipients. An immunohistologic evaluation of the grafts was performed on day 14. RESULTS: Grafts in both allogeneic groups (groups 1 and 2) showed infiltration with @entity3 + cells, CD8+ cells, natural killer (NK) cells, @entity2 + cells. The density of infiltrating @entity3 +, CD8+, interleukin-2-receptor+, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1+ cells in the graft stroma, however, was statistically significantly lower in the immature group (group 2) than in the adult group (group 1). The density of CD161+ NK cells, in contrast, was statistically significantly higher in the immature group than in the adult group. There were no or only a few infiltrating inflammatory cells in grafts of both syngeneic groups (groups 3 and 4). CONCLUSIONS: We were able to establish for the first time an animal model for keratoplasty in @entity0 that showed that the mechanism of graft rejection in young recipients seems to be different from that in mature @entity1 . In adult recipients, alloreactive T cells are the main mediators of rejection, whereas NK cells seem to play a more dominant role in immature recipients.

title: Differential contribution of natural killer cells to corneal graft rejection in 3-week-old versus mature XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Large surface-area burns in @entity0 have been associated with a severe @entity1 in cardiac performance, as evidenced by a decline in cardiac output. The mechanisms responsible for this profound @entity4 are largely unknown. We investigated the effects of lymph isolated from the scalded hind limb of @entity3 on regional myocardial blood flow, coronary vascular reactivity, and contractile performance. @entity3 were instrumented with ultrasonic dimension crystals in the @entity8 supplied by the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and by the left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries. After cannulating a hind limb lymphatic, lymph was infused directly into the @entity7 before and after a 10-second 100 degrees C hind limb scald. @entity9 alone did not alter myocardial contractile performance in the @entity7 or LCx regions, coronary artery blood flow, or systemic hemodynamics. Interestingly, postburn lymph infused into the @entity7 resulted in a 38% decline in @entity7 zone segment shortening (p < 0.01 vs baseline) that lasted throughout the 5-hour observation period. In contrast, segment shortening in the (control) LCx region was unaffected by postburn lymph injections into the @entity7 . Regional myocardial blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) in the @entity7 and LCx regions was unchanged after @entity2 or intracoronary injection of postburn lymph. In addition, @entity7 coronary artery vascular reactivity to @entity5 and @entity6 was also unaffected by the regional thermal injury or by injection of lymph into the @entity7 . These data suggest that a @entity2 results in the production and release of a potent @entity4 factor(s) that produces a direct negative inotropic effect on the @entity3 @entity8 .

title: Lymph isolated from a XXXX produces a negative inotropic effect in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endogenous and exogenous sex hormones affect changes in body composition during aging via independent and dependent effects on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/ @entity4 ) @entity6 and associated binding proteins (BP). METHODS: Fasting serum @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and sex hormone binding globulin were analyzed in 48 @entity0 on hormone replacement (HRT) (unopposed oral @entity1 , HRT+, 74.0 +/- 6 years), 135 @entity0 not on HRT (HRT-, 77.3 +/- 7 years), and 128 healthy @entity0 ( @entity0 , ). Total lean body mass (LBM) and total fat were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Total LBM decreased with age in all groups (p = .05). LBM was greater, and @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity3 were lower in HRT+ versus HRT- @entity0 (p = .02, p = .01, p = .04, and, respectively). LBM in @entity0 was positively related to @entity4 (p = .02) and @entity3 (p < .01), whereas LBM was associated with @entity7 (p = .04) and total fat (p < .001) in female HRT+ and total fat (p < .01) in HRT- @entity0 . @entity4 decreased with age in @entity0 and HRT- @entity0 (p < .01) but did not decrease in HRT+ @entity0 . Total fat significantly decreased across age (p < .05). Controlling for age and HRT, the rate of decrease in fat was slower in @entity0 versus @entity0 (p = .02). @entity7 decreased in all groups across age (p < .01), and the ratio of @entity4 to @entity7 decreased faster in @entity0 compared to HRT+ and HRT- @entity0 (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate divergent influences of sex @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity7 on age-related changes in LBM in healthy elderly @entity0 and @entity0 .

title: Serum Sex Hormones, XXXX , and @entity7 Exert a Sexually Dimorphic Effect on Lean Body Mass in Aging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in @entity0 with stage I @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in terms of radiation-induced changes and computed tomography (CT) features of local recurrence by @entity3 positron emission tomography ( @entity3 -PET). METHODS: From January 2006 to December 2012, 81 @entity0 with @entity4 received SBRT. Follow-up consisted of non-contrast enhanced CT scans performed before and every four months after SBRT. In addition, @entity3 -PET/CT was conducted before SBRT for each @entity0 , and one year later for each case suspected of recurrence. The CT findings were classified into two categories: mass-like @entity1 and others. The mass-like @entity1 category was subdivided into two patterns: mass-like consolidation (with air bronchogram) and mass-like @entity2 . RESULTS: Six @entity0 had histologically confirmed local recurrence, including 83% (5/6) with mass-like @entity2 pattern and one case of modified conventional pattern (P = 0.02). In contrast, the non-recurrent group exhibited only 7% (5/75) with mass-like @entity2 and 13% (10/75) with mass-like consolidation pattern. Five @entity0 with local recurrence presented with the mass-like @entity2 pattern, compared with 33% of @entity0 (5/15) from the non-recurrent group (P = 0.01) and showed an increase in maximum diameter at >= 12 months after SBRT. The recurrent group also had a significantly higher standardized uptake value (SUVmax) than the non-recurrent group (P < 0.001), with all values >5 (range: 5.7-25.4). CONCLUSION: The following characteristics of mass-like @entity1 should be considered indicators of local recurrence after SBRT: @entity2 pattern, increasing maximum diameter, and SUVmax > 5.

title: Imaging characteristics of local recurrences after stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I @entity4 : Evaluation of mass-like XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: In the randomized phase III trial, Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) protocol 240, the incorporation of bevacizumab with chemotherapy significantly increased @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity0 with @entity1 . A major objective of GOG-240 was to prospectively analyze previously identified pooled clinical prognostic factors known as the Moore criteria. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Potential negative factors included black race, performance status 1, @entity4 , prior @entity5 , and progression-free interval <365 days. Risk categories included low-risk (0-1 factor), mid-risk (2-3 factors), and high-risk (4-5 factors). Each test of association was conducted at the 5% level of significance. Logistic regression and survival analysis was used to determine whether factors were prognostic or could be used to guide therapy. RESULTS: For the entire population (n = 452), high-risk @entity0 had significantly worse @entity6 (P < 0.0001). The HRs of @entity3 for treating with topotecan in low-risk, mid-risk, and high-risk subsets are 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-2.24], 1.11 (95% CI, 0.82-1.5), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.50-1.42), respectively. The HRs of @entity3 for treating with bevacizumab in low-risk, mid-risk, and high-risk subsets are 0.96 (95% CI, 0.51-1.83; P = 0.9087), 0.673 (95% CI, 0.5-0.91; P = 0.0094), and 0.536 (95% CI, 0.32-0.905; P = 0.0196), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first prospectively validated scoring system in @entity1 . The Moore criteria have real-world clinical applicability. @entity2 concerns may justify omission of bevacizumab in some low-risk @entity0 where survival benefit is small. The benefit to receiving bevacizumab appears to be greatest in the moderate- and high-risk subgroups (5.8-month increase in median @entity6 ). Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5480-7.   2015 AACR.

title: Prospective Validation of Pooled Prognostic Factors in @entity0 with Advanced XXXX Treated with Chemotherapy with/without Bevacizumab: NRG Oncology/GOG Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Class 3 semaphorins were discovered as a family of axon guidance molecules, but are now known to be involved in diverse biologic processes. In this study, we investigated the anti-angiogenic potential of @entity9 and @entity8 ( @entity9 _F) in @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity7 is a common @entity0 that involves both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Our lab has identified and @entity5 stem cells (HemSC), @entity3 transporter 1 positive ( @entity4 (+)) endothelial cells (designated as @entity4 (sel) cells) based on anti- @entity4 magnetic beads selection and @entity4 -negative endothelial cells (named HemEC). We have shown that these types of cells play important roles in hemangiogenesis. We report here that @entity9 inhibited HemEC migration and proliferation while @entity8 was able to suppress the migration and proliferation in all three types of cells. Confocal microscopy showed that stress fibers in HemEC were reduced by @entity9 _F and that stress fibers in HemSC were decreased by @entity8 , which led to cytoskeletal collapse and loss of cell motility in both cell types. Additionally, @entity9 _F were able to inhibit @entity1 ( @entity1 )-induced sprouts in all three types of cells. Further, @entity9 _F reduced the level of p- @entity2 and its downstream p- @entity6 in HemEC. These results demonstrate that @entity9 _F inhibit @entity7 cell proliferation and suppress the angiogenic activities of migration and sprout formation. @entity9 _F may have therapeutic potential to treat or prevent growth of highly proliferative @entity7 .

title: XXXX -derived stem cells and endothelial cells are inhibited by class 3 semaphorins.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess a new procedure of urinary diversion after cystectomy for @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 (14 @entity0 and 18 @entity0 , mean age 54 years, range 35-70) treated by radical cystectomy for @entity1 underwent urinary diversion using a new technique. After mobilization of the sigmoid colon, the @entity2 , two adjacent colotomies were made to complete a stapled side-to-side @entity3 , with intussusception and implantation of the ureters between the layers of the intussusceptum. Two ureteric stents (8F) were brought out through the iliac fossa, and a rectal tube introduced through the anus and the intussusception to the proximal colon. The reservoir was assessed by urodynamic studies, using the anorectal perfusion catheter. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 were continent day and night, with mild soiling in the remaining four at night. Complications included a @entity5 in three @entity0 and a fecal @entity4 in one; all were treated conservatively. @entity6 occurred in only two @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The pouch created has a low pressure, a high capacity and provides effective continence. Surgery remains adequately radical, by removing the prostate and the membranous urethra. The implanted ureters between the layers of the intussusceptum provided an effective antireflux mechanism and markedly improved kidney function. The intussusception prevents reflux of the pouch contents into the proximal colon and minimizes metabolic complications. The technique needs neither colostomy nor small intestinal manipulations.

title: A low-pressure rectosigmoid pouch created by side-to-side XXXX with a stapling technique and sigmoid colon intussusception as an antireflux procedure.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2 , medication adherence is critical to achieve better @entity0 outcomes and to avoid relapses, which are responsible for a significant proportion of total healthcare costs for this @entity1 . The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of @entity3 long-acting injection (OLAI) compared with @entity4 long-acting injection (RLAI) in @entity0 with @entity2 in Spain. METHODS: A discrete event simulation (DES) model was developed from a Spanish healthcare system perspective to estimate clinical and economic outcomes for @entity0 with @entity2 over a five-year period. @entity0 who had earlier responded to oral medication and have a history of relapse due to adherence problems were considered. Identical model populations were treated with either OLAI or RLAI. In the absence of a head-to-head clinical trial, discontinuation and relapse rates were obtained from open-label studies. The model accounted for age, gender, risks of relapse and discontinuation, relapse management, hospitalization, treatment switching and adverse events. Direct medical costs for the year 2011 and outcomes including relapse avoided, life years (LYs), and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were discounted at a rate of 3%. RESULTS: When comparing RLAI and OLAI, the model predicts that OLAI would decrease 5-year costs by    2,940 (Standard Deviation between replications 300.83), and result in a QALY and LY gains of 0.07 (SD 0.019) and 0.04 (SD 0.025), respectively. @entity0 on OLAI had fewer relapses compared to RLAI (1.392 [SD 0.035] vs. 1.815 [SD 0.035]) and fewer discontinuations (1.222 [SD 0.031] vs. 1.710 [SD 0.039]). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the study was robust and conclusions were largely unaffected by changes in a wide range of parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The present evaluation results in OLAI being dominant over RLAI, meaning that OLAI represents a more effective and less costly alternative compared to RLAI in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 in the Spanish setting.

title: Long-acting @entity3 versus long-acting XXXX for @entity2 in Spain - a cost-effectiveness comparison.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A mild and controlled acute inflammatory reaction in hamster cheek pouch was created without any exogenous, but rather by locally activated and liberated, mediators. A pressure of 60 mm Hg was applied to part of the everted cheek pouch eight times with a 10-min recovery period in between. The microvascular response was followed by intravital microscopy and the permeability changes were monitored with intravital fluoroscopy and intravenous @entity2 dextran (mol wt 150,000). The number of extravasated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) was calculated by a new, whole tissue, histological technique. In three experimental groups (-)- @entity4 ( @entity1 -receptor agonist) 0.05 mg/100 g body wt., @entity4 0.05 mg/100 g body wt., and @entity3 2 mg/100 g body wt. was given intravenously before pressure was applied. A fourth group, with no drug given, served as control. There was a rapid increase in the number of @entity2 dextran leakages and extravasated PMNLs in the control group. @entity3 almost completely inhibited @entity2 dextran permeability and extravasation of PMNLs. The @entity1 agonist markedly diminished the number of @entity2 dextran leakages for 75 min. The number of extravasated PMNLs was also reduced. Treatment with @entity4 , which is supposed to have no @entity1 -receptor effect, gave a slight reduction in number of @entity2 dextran leakages and almost a complete inhibition of PMNL extravasation. Thus we conclude that @entity3 is a very potent antiinflammatory agent even in the early phase of @entity0 . @entity4 diminished the inflammatory response, probably by preventing endothelial gap formation. @entity4 prevented PMNL extravasation either by interaction with the PMNL itself or with the endothelium.

title: @entity3 , @entity4 ( @entity1 agonist), and @entity4 in acute XXXX induced by repeated ischemia in hamster cheek pouch.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and the 30-day case fatality of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the adult resident population of the city of Bologna, Italy. METHODS: Over a 1-year period (March 1, 1999 to February 29, 2000), all @entity0 older than 20 years with @entity1 were included. The case-finding method was based on (a) a prospective surveillance of all public general hospitals in the city by neurologic units, and (b) a review of all discharge codes concerning @entity2 . RESULTS: The crude and standardized annual incidence rate of @entity1 was 13.1 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.5-17.5] and 10.7 (95% CI, 7.5-13.8). It was higher in the elderly (older than 60 years) than in young adults (26.2 vs. 5.2) and in @entity0 than in @entity0 (14.9 vs. 11.0). Acute symptomatic @entity1 accounted for 48%, and a cerebrovascular pathology was the most frequently associated etiologic condition (41%). A history of @entity3 was reported in 39% of @entity0 . The 30-day case fatality was 39% (33% excluding postanoxic @entity0 ). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the first data on the epidemiology of @entity1 in Italy. The incidence rate found in the population of Bologna is in the same range as that of the other European countries. The 30-day case fatality is higher than all the other population studies (both European and American), despite the broadly similar clinical features of @entity0 . Indirect evidence suggests that some inaccurate @entity0 management could have negatively influenced the outcome of @entity1 .

title: Incidence and short-term prognosis of XXXX in adults in Bologna, Italy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to correlate the presence of @entity4 antibodies in sera of @entity0 with @entity2 with size, site and stage of the @entity1 , age and sex of a @entity0 and the level of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the serum. @entity4 antibodies were detected using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Serum @entity4 antibodies were detected in 30 of 145 @entity0 (21%), mostly in Astler-Coller stage B1 (28% of @entity0 ). No association was found between @entity4 antibody status in stage A+B1+B2 vs stages C1+C2+D (22% vs 19%) i.e. between @entity0 without and with metastases to regional lymph nodes and/or distant metastases. Serum @entity4 antibodies were detected in 9 of 34 @entity0 (26%) with @entity1 localised in the right part vs 21 of 109 @entity0 (19%) with @entity1 in the left part of the colon and in 18 of 96 (19%) of @entity0 with @entity1 localised in rectosigmoideum vs 12 of 47 (26%) with @entity1 in the remaining colon. There was no significant correlation between serum anti @entity4 antibody and @entity3 statuses. Increased level of serum @entity3 was seen in 46/145 (32%) @entity0 . @entity0 with C1+C2+D stage @entity1 had high serum @entity3 level more frequently than did @entity0 with A+B1+B2 stage @entity1 (44% vs 19% respectively, p < 0.001). Of 102 cases with normal @entity3 level, 19 (19%) were positive for anti @entity4 antibodies. These results together with the literature data [11, 20] indicate that approximately 27% @entity3 negative @entity0 may have serum @entity4 antibodies. Therefore simultaneous assessment of serum @entity4 antibodies and @entity3 seems to be useful for monitoring high risk @entity0 and for postoperative @entity0 monitoring.

title: Clinico-pathological characteristics of XXXX and serum anti- @entity4 antibodies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Toscana virus (TOSV) is a Phlebovirus responsible for @entity0 @entity1 in endemic Mediterranean areas. The main viral target is the central nervous system, with @entity3 as a way of dissemination throughout the host. This study was aimed at understanding the spread of TOSV in the host by identifying the cell population infected by the virus and the vehicle to the organs. In vivo studies provided evidence that endothelial cells are infected by TOSV, indicating their potential role in the diffusion of the virus following viremic spread. These results were further confirmed in vitro. @entity0 peripheral mononuclear blood cells were infected with TOSV; only monocyte-derived dendritic cells were identified as susceptible to @entity5 . Productive viral replication was then observed in @entity0 monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and in @entity0 endothelial cells by recovery of the virus from a cell supernatant. @entity4 was produced by both cell types upon @entity5 , mostly by endothelial cells, while moDCs particularly expressed @entity2 , which is known to induce a long-lasting decrease in endothelial cell barrier function. These cells could therefore be implicated in the spread of the virus in the host and in the infection of tissues that are affected by the disease, such as the central nervous system. The identification of in vitro and in vivo TOSV cell targets is an important tool for understanding the pathogenesis of the infection, providing new insight into virus-cell interaction for improved knowledge and control of this @entity6 .

title: XXXX dendritic and endothelial cells opening the way for the central nervous system.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of co-induction with propofol-midazolam-ketamine with @entity8 as the sole induction agent. DESIGN: Prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Operating room of a university hospital. @entity0 : 60 ASA physical status 1 and 2 @entity0 scheduled for limited elective surgery requiring general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomized to two groups to receive @entity8 0.3 mg/kg (single-drug group) or @entity5 0.6 mg/kg + @entity7 0.8 mg/kg + @entity3 0.06 mg/kg (three-drug group). MEASUREMENTS: Hemodynamic responses (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) were examined at baseline and at one, three, and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. Plasma @entity6 levels were measured at baseline, one, and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. MAIN RESULTS: Heart rate (HR) changes differed significantly between the two groups at three minutes (P = 0.01) and 5 minutes (P = 0.00) after tracheal intubation. However, the HR increase in the three-drug group was in the acceptable range. Percentage changes of @entity4 level differed between the two groups at 5 minutes after tracheal intubation (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The higher @entity1 / @entity4 ratio noted in the single-drug group may be implicated in lower adrenal sympathetic activity. @entity5 - @entity3 - @entity7 co-induction may be used instead of @entity8 for anesthesia induction in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: The effects of @entity5 - @entity3 - @entity7 co-induction on hemodynamic changes and XXXX response.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the results after carotid endarterectomy performed for asymptomatic @entity5 (ACS) in a single high-volume center and define the factors that increase perioperative @entity3 and mortality rate. METHODS: This observational study that analyzes prospectively collected data includes 1,567 @entity0 with ACS operated in the period between 2007 and 2012. RESULTS: Most @entity0 were male, 1,037 (66.18%), with mean age of 63.6 years. Perioperative @entity4 rate was 0.38%. The most frequent causes of @entity4 were @entity3 and @entity6 . The total perioperative @entity3 /transient @entity2 attack rate was 2.81%. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that females (P = 0.028) and @entity1 (P = 0.060) @entity0 have higher risk of perioperative @entity3 after surgical repair of ACS with odds ratio (OR) of 2.008 and 2.342. The early mortality was significantly higher in candidates for coroanary artery bypass grafting (P = 0.018). @entity3 and mortality are related to @entity1 and @entity7 with OR of 2.407 and 2.097, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, female and @entity1 @entity0 are prone to @entity3 after carotid endarterectomy. Further study of the effects of female gender and @entity1 on surgical outcomes is warranted before medical therapy is considered the preferred treatment for these @entity0 .

title: Female and @entity1 XXXX might have higher risk from surgical repair of asymptomatic @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The affect of multifocality on the biologic behavior of histologic @entity3 is a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to determine if @entity1 multifocality influences the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity3 . MATERIAL/METHODS: Samples consisted of 264 autopsy tissues from @entity0 older than 40 years of age and less than 98 years of age who died (between August 2002 and December 2005) of diseases other than clinically diagnosed @entity3 . The entire prostate and seminal vesicles were sectioned, tinted, and fixed in @entity5 . Specimens were immersed in @entity4 , serial sectioned at a thickness of 4 mm, postfixed, resectioned at a thickness of 2 mm, dehydrated, cleared in xylene, and immersed in paraffin. Two expert pathologists examined the sections. RESULTS: Most @entity2 (61%) were multifocal and were composed of 2 or more foci. Ninety percent of distinct foci were found to originate from the peripheral zone. Multifocality was more common among larger prostates, and large @entity1 were almost exclusively multifocal. Half of these had a total volume less than 1 cm3 and a Gleason score of 2 to 6; there was a clear correlation between @entity1 volume and Gleason score. Heterogeneity of Gleason grade in @entity1 was proportional to the number of foci. No statistically significant difference was observed with respect to capsular penetration or perineural or vascular invasion of @entity1 compared to those of unifocal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite relative heterogeneity, the biologic behavior of @entity1 is not different from that observed in unifocal histologic @entity1 .

title: The phenomenon of multifocality does not affect the biologic behavior of histologic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences between emergency surgery and selective surgery treatment of @entity1 with @entity2 . METHODS: In the study, 40 @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 were treated and followed up from May 2013 to May 2014, and all the data were collected and analyzed. The subjects involved 29 male @entity0 and 11 female @entity0 . The @entity0 were randomly separated into two groups, and the @entity0 in group A were given surgical intervention within 6 hours after injury, while those in group B were initially given close reduction and given selective operation when the soft tissue condition got better. Group A contained 13 male @entity0 and 7 female @entity0 with average age of 37.10; Group B consisted of 15 male and 5 female, with average age of 37.85. RESULTS: The Baird-Jackson score was applied for assessment of the @entity0 ' outcomes. According to the score, the outcomes were classified into excellent, good, fair, and poor. In group A (emergency group), the outcomes were 13 (65.0%), 4 (20.0%), 3 (15.0%), and 0, respectively. In group B (selective group), they were 11 (55.0%), 7 (35.0%), 2 (10.0%), and 0, respectively. The numbers of the @entity0 from excellent to poor were 24 (55.0%), 11 (27.5%), 5 (12.5%), and 0, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in postoperative function between the two groups, however, early surgical intervention can benefit in accomplishing anatomical reduction much easier and shortening the time of hospitalization, which is cost-saving for the @entity0 .

title: [A comparative research on the treatment of @entity1 with XXXX between emergency surgery and selective surgery].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different methods for intracranial electrode recording have various advantages and disadvantages, and controversy exists regarding the complications of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and subdural EEG. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of SEEG by comparing it with subdural EEG. METHODS: Data from 100 @entity0 who underwent SEEG (n = 48) and subdural EEG (n = 52) to evaluate the epileptogenic zone were collected from June 2011 to June 2015. The evaluation results, surgical outcomes, and complications were compared. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted between the SEEG and subdural EEG groups in identifying the epileptogenic zone or undergoing @entity2 surgery. Of the 88 @entity0 who underwent @entity2 surgery after assessment, 59.5% in the SEEG group and 52.2% in the subdural EEG group became @entity3 free. No significant differences in postoperative @entity3 control or intelligence improvement were noted. The overall complication rate in SEEG @entity0 (8/48; 16.7%) was lower than that in subdural EEG @entity0 (13/52; 25%), particularly for @entity4 and @entity1 (4.2 vs. 17.3%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective review indicates that SEEG has low associated complications, particularly regarding @entity4 and @entity1 . SEEG is a safe and effective method for intracranial monitoring.

title: A Retrospective Analysis of Stereoelectroencephalography and Subdural Electroencephalography for Preoperative Evaluation of Intractable XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a common complication after amputation, affecting up to 80% of the amputee population. However, only 5% to 10% of amputees have severe @entity5 impacting daily function. The present report details the management of severe, treatment-resistant @entity5 in a 72-year-old @entity0 with a traumatic left transradial amputation and a comorbid complication of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of @entity5 with @entity4 and the possible role of @entity3 in the treatment of both conditions. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature regarding the management of @entity5 . RESULTS: Seventeen articles that directly addressed @entity5 were identified; 11 were randomized controlled trials. All involved small samples and follow-up ranged from 6 h to one year, with the majority limited to six weeks. DISCUSSION: In the present case, medication management was limited by side effects, lack of response and the @entity0 's desire to avoid long-term medication. Investigations revealed @entity4 , which was suspected to envelop the median nerve in the proximal forearm. After several unsuccessful medication trials, the literature was reviewed in search of common variables between @entity4 formation and persistent @entity5 . Ultimately, the biochemical effects associated with @entity1 were identified to be a possible factor in both @entity4 and @entity5 development. @entity3 's proposed mechanisms of action may help to manage @entity4 and @entity5 at multiple stages of disease development and maintenance. In the present case, a four-week trial of intranasal @entity3 was successful, with @entity2 control lasting at least 18 months. CONCLUSION: The present case report provided a review of the current literature in @entity5 pharmacological management and the current understanding of the etiology of @entity5 and @entity4 , as well as how the two may coexist. It also provided an opportunity to discuss the proposed mechanisms of action of @entity3 in the management of @entity5 and @entity4 .

title: Use of XXXX in recalcitrant phantom limb @entity2 complicated by @entity4 .

answer: @entity3