abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence of retinal microvascular characteristics and their associations with @entity7 in elderly, nondiabetic @entity0 . DESIGN AND @entity0 : Population-based, cross-sectional study comprising 2050 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 69 to 97 years without @entity1 , living in four communities. METHODS: @entity0 underwent retinal photography and standardized grading of retinal microvascular characteristics, including @entity8 (e.g., microaneurysms, @entity9 ), focal @entity5 , and arteriovenous nicking. In addition, calibers of retinal arterioles and venules were measured on digitized photographs to obtain an estimate of generalized @entity5 . @entity7 and its risk factors were obtained from clinical examination and laboratory investigations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity8 and their associations with measures of @entity7 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity8 was 8.3% for @entity8 , 9.6% for focal @entity5 , and 7.7% for arteriovenous nicking. All retinal lesions were associated with @entity3 (odds ratios [OR] were 1.8 for @entity8 , 2.1 for focal @entity5 , 1.5 for arteriovenous nicking, and 1.7 for generalized @entity5 ). After controlling for age, gender, race, mean arterial blood pressure, and antihypertensive medication use, @entity8 was associated with prevalent @entity4 (OR, 1.7), prevalent @entity6 (OR, 1.7), prevalent @entity2 (OR, 2.0), presence of @entity5 (OR, 1.9), and increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid (OR, 2.3; fourth vs. first quartile) and internal carotid (OR, 1.8; fourth vs. first quartile) arteries. In contrast, focal @entity5 , arteriovenous nicking, and generalized @entity5 were not associated with any measures of @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 are common in older @entity0 without @entity1 and are related to @entity3 . @entity8 is associated with prevalent @entity4 , @entity2 , and carotid artery thickening, but focal and generalized @entity5 and arteriovenous nicking are not related to most measures of @entity7 . These data suggest that @entity8 reflect processes associated with @entity3 but distinct from @entity7 .

title: The prevalence and risk factors of @entity8 in older XXXX : The Cardiovascular Health Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 24 Background: Although nearly 80% of @entity0 @entity1 have someone with them during surgical consultations, there is little research that examines the extent, nature, or impact of informal decision support @entity1 (DSPs) such as partner/spouse, other family members, or friends on @entity0 treatment decision making. METHODS: Two data sources were used: 1) A population based sample of @entity1 recently diagnosed in 2006/7 in the Detroit and Los Angeles SEER catchment areas completed a survey 9 months (N=1837, 72% response rate); and 2) A pilot survey study of a convenience sample of 150 @entity0 @entity1 at three clinical sites surveyed within 18 months that examined more details on the extent and nature of informal decision support networks, including: a) quantity and type of DSPs involved in their treatments, b) number of appointments attended by DSPs, and c) @entity1 -reported satisfaction with DSP's involvement in treatment decision making. RESULTS: Both a spouse/partner and another family member were very important in treatment decision-making for 33% of @entity1 ; a spouse/partner alone was very important for 19%; a family member alone was very important for 13%. A spouse/partner or friends were not important in treatment decision making for 24% of @entity1 . Only 19% of @entity1 reported that a friend was very important in treatment decision making. Friends were much more frequently endorsed among @entity1 with family involvement (45%) vs those without family involvement (5%). Latina @entity1 significantly more often reported that the opinion of a family member was very important vs. other race/ethnic groups (71% vs. 39%, p<0.001). @entity1 in the pilot study reported an average of 2.67 DSPs were involved in locoregional decision making (SD = 2.57 ) vs. an average of 0.8 (SD=1.03) for involvement in systemic treatment decision making. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity0 @entity1 rely on some informal decision support, but there is a very wide variation in the extent and nature of this support. Further work is needed to understand how to best incorporate DSPs into the treatment decision process. Additional findings will be presented to further describe the impact of informal treatment decision support for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Informal decision support networks and treatment decisions for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Maxillofacial @entity1 frequently involves the bony orbit that surrounds the ocular globe. Concomitant @entity1 is a concern whenever orbit @entity1 occurs and in severe cases can occasionally result in @entity4 . The mechanism of injury, physical exam findings, and radiographic imaging can provide useful information concerning the severity of the injury and concerns for @entity4 . Using these three tools, it is hypothesized that the @entity0 's history, physical exam, and radiographic findings can identify high-risk maxillofacial @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 . Identification of high risk @entity0 who require comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation may alter management and possibly preserve or restore vision. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical chart review was performed at a tertiary academic medical center. METHODS: Subjects were identified using the institutional @entity1 registry. Data collected included subject demographics, @entity0 medical records and notes, ophthalmologic testing, and radiographic imaging. The incidence of orbit @entity2 and @entity6 associated with the mechanism of injury, physical exam findings, and radiographic imaging was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square and Fisher exact test. RESULTS: In this study, 279 subjects with orbit @entity2 were identified and the incidence of @entity6 was 27.6% (77 of 279). @entity1 was statistically associated with an increased risk of @entity6 (P = 0.0340), with penetrating @entity1 being the most likely etiology. The physical exam findings of visual acuity and an afferent @entity5 were statistically associated with @entity6 (P = 0.0029 and 0.0001, respectively). Depth of orbit @entity2 on radiographic imaging was statistically associated with @entity6 (P = 0.0024), with @entity2 extending to the posterior third of the orbit being most likely to have associated @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Maxillofacial @entity1 @entity0 with orbit @entity2 and @entity6 occur in more than one in four @entity0 . Comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation is recommended for all @entity0 who sustain an orbit @entity2 . Subjects with a penetrating @entity1 mechanism of injury, physical exam findings of @entity3 and an afferent @entity5 , and radiographic imaging demonstrating @entity2 depth involvement of the posterior orbit are at highest risk for @entity4 and warrant specific concern for @entity6 assessment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV. Laryngoscope, 126:S5-S11, 2016.

title: Orbit @entity2 : Identifying XXXX factors indicating high risk for ocular and @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Left @entity1 is a rare condition. Only 29 cases have been reported, to our knowledge. We report 1 such case in a 24-year-old @entity0 who complained of @entity5 and @entity4 . Diagnosis was suspected on review of chest roentgenogram and confirmed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Surgical repair was achieved without complications, and preoperative symptoms disappeared completely. According to the literature, these @entity0 are almost always asymptomatic. When present, the most common symptoms are @entity4 , @entity3 , emboli, and @entity2 . This lesion is seen mainly in young adults (mean age, 23.5 years). The diagnosis should be confirmed by echocardiography, nuclear imaging, and cardiac catheterization. A review of the literature indicates that surgical repair can be accomplished with low mortality and that @entity4 usually disappear postoperatively.

title: XXXX of the left atrium.

answer: @entity1


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in the acute stage of @entity4 or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are at high risk of recurrent @entity2 , but the optimal anticoagulation strategy remains unclear due to the concern of @entity5 . Novel oral anticoagulants compared to @entity8 might be more safe and efficacious in @entity0 suitable for early anticoagulation. AIMS: This trial is to evaluate the feasibility of early anticoagulation with @entity10 in acute @entity4 or @entity1 @entity0 with @entity7 . DESIGN: This is a randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint evaluation trial. Inclusion criteria are (1) @entity7 , (2) presumed @entity2 or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) confirmed by MRI within five-days from onset, and (3) mild to moderate @entity2 severity. We will randomize 196 @entity0 to either @entity10 (10   mg once daily for five-days followed by 15   mg or 20   mg once daily) or dose-adjusted @entity8 (coadministration of @entity3 100   mg per day until achieving international normalized ratio of 1  7). The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02042534). STUDY OUTCOMES: The primary endpoint is the composite of recurrent @entity9 and @entity5 on MRI at four-weeks. Secondary endpoints are recurrent @entity9 , @entity5 , major @entity6 , major vascular events, four-week modified Rankin Scale score, and duration of hospitalization after randomization. DISCUSSION: The results of this proof-of-concept trial will guide go/no-go decision to a large phase 3 confirmatory trial.

title: Rationale and design of Triple AXEL: trial for early anticoagulation in acute XXXX @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a novel method of accomplishing laparoscopic lower pole partial nephrectomy in an acute porcine model using a bipolar needle electrode without the need for renal @entity4 . METHODS: Six animals (12 renal units) underwent laparoscopic polar nephrectomy using the bipolar needle electrode. After complete laparoscopic mobilization of the lower pole of the kidney, the bipolar needle electrode was repeatedly inserted full-thickness into the renal parenchyma and applied transversely, creating regional @entity2 to the entire lower pole without @entity0 . The specimen was then amputated using laparoscopic scissors. RESULTS: For the 12 laparoscopic partial nephrectomies, the mean operative time was 39 +/- 30 minutes, and the mean @entity3 was 90 +/- 112 mL. Of the 12 cases, 10 (83%) were performed successfully with the bipolar needle electrocautery as the only source of hemostasis and without the need for ancillary hemostatic measures. Two of the procedures (17%) required temporary arterial control for hemostasis. For the successful procedures, the mean operative time was 29 +/- 4 minutes, and the mean @entity3 was 48 +/- 11 mL. Histologic analysis of the specimens demonstrated @entity1 between 2 and 4 mm from the line of the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar needle electrocautery is a promising device that can be used to facilitate laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with minimal @entity3 and without the need for renal @entity4 and @entity2 . Additional studies are required to optimize the delivery parameters of this device.

title: Bipolar needle electrocautery for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without XXXX in a porcine model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Voice problems are seldom reported in pollen @entity3 , although the @entity1 reaction involves the entire airways. The objective of this study was to investigate @entity2 during the pollen season in @entity0 with @entity6 . Thirty @entity0 with verified birch pollen @entity3 and 30 controls were investigated twice, during the pollen season and outside the pollen season. Both times they scored @entity4 , the latter with the validated questionnaire Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and performed standardized voice recordings. These recordings were analyzed in a controlled manner by a professional voice therapist. During the @entity3 season, @entity0 reported more @entity4 compared with controls. Those with @entity2 scored their voice quality during springtime as 31 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 20-42 mm), compared with 13 mm (95% CI 6-21 mm for @entity0 without @entity2 (P<0.01). Furthermore, the group with experienced @entity2 scored significantly higher on the VHI in the functional and physical domains and in the total VHI score. Although @entity5 during the pollen season are rarely discussed, in @entity6 the larynx may also be involved. These findings support that some @entity0 experience voice change, an experience which can be objectively confirmed.

title: Voice change in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Culture-negative @entity2 (CNE) is a diagnostic problem in spite of improved echocardiographic and blood culturing techniques. We conducted the present study to estimate the proportion of CNE in @entity0 with @entity2 , to investigate data regarding risk factors, and to evaluate the Duke and the modified Beth Israel criteria in @entity0 with CNE. We evaluated 820 consecutive suspected episodes of @entity2 in adults at the Departments of @entity1 in G  teborg and Bor  s, Sweden (1984-1996). All @entity0 were diagnosed and treated according to a protocol; 487 episodes were identified as @entity2 . Episodes with absence of bacterial growth at blood culture were defined as CNE and were classified with the Duke and the modified Beth Israel criteria. We identified 116 CNE episodes (median age, 67 yr). Mortality was 7%, and in 15%, cardiac surgery was performed. The Duke criteria classified 20 definite, 80 possible, and 16 reject episodes. The modified Beth Israel criteria distinguished 13 definite, 15 probable, 27 possible, and 61 reject episodes. The proportion of CNE among @entity0 with @entity2 varied from 19% to 27% at the 2 departments. Antibiotic treatment preceded blood culture in 45% of the CNE episodes. About 20% in a Scandinavian population of @entity2 @entity0 have CNE. Antibiotic pretreatment explains less than 50% of all CNE episodes. The Duke criteria are more sensitive but less specific than the modified Beth Israel criteria in classifying @entity0 with CNE.

title: A clinical study of culture-negative XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recombinant @entity0 deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) has been shown to reduce sputum viscoelasticity and to improve lung function in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity1 would decrease after administration of rhDNase. Twenty @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 inhaled 2.5 mg of rhDNase daily for 1 month. Before and after the 1-month trial, lung function was measured and sputum was obtained, either after spontaneous expectoration or after sputum induction with hypertonic saline. Sputum total cell and differential counts were measured using techniques previously described. The mean age of the @entity0 was 16.8 years (range, 6.7-27.5). After 1 month of rhDNase, mean FEV1 increased from a baseline of 62.3% predicted to 70.8% (P= 0.02, paired t test); and FVC increased from 74.4% to 83.9% predicted (P=0.007). No significant differences were found in sputum cytology before or after rhDNase (median total cell counts 16.0 x 10(6)/ml vs. 19.3 x 10(6)/ml, P=0.68). Thirteen @entity0 had a 10% or greater increase in FEV1 after rhDNase (responders). Initial lung function was less in responders than in nonresponders (53.5% vs. 78.6%, P=0.007). There was no significant change in total cell count and neutrophil count after rhDNase in either responders or nonresponders. We conclude that @entity1 , as measured by total cell counts in sputum, was a prominent feature in @entity3 , and neutrophils were the dominant inflammatory cells. Although the administration of rhDNase resulted in significant improvements in FEV1, there was no evidence of accompanying changes in @entity1 .

title: @entity1 after treatment with aerosolized deoxyribonuclease in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 (TXA) significantly decreases @entity1 and transfusion rates after total hip and total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intravenous TXA on @entity1 and @entity0 outcomes after @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: TXA was used in 106 consecutive @entity0 undergoing primary anatomic and reverse @entity2 with a dose of 20  mg/kg intravenously (TXA group) and compared with the previous consecutive 88 @entity0 without TXA (non-TXA group). All @entity0 had a blood sample drawn for a hemoglobin and hematocrit determination the morning after surgery. Analysis of variance and   (2) techniques were used to analyze study hypotheses. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in both hemoglobin loss (TXA group     =  2.13 vs. non-TXA group     =  2.63; P  =  .01) and hematocrit loss (TXA group     =  6.4 vs. non-TXA group     =  8.14; P  <  .01) were seen in the TXA group compared with the non-TXA group. In @entity0 receiving TXA, there were statistically significant decreases in the time spent in the recovery room (mean, TXA group 69  minutes vs. non-TXA group 87  minutes; P  <  .02) and total length of hospitalization (mean, TXA group 1.18  days vs. non-TXA group 1.4  days; P  =  .01). Two @entity0 in the TXA group received a blood transfusion, whereas 6 @entity0 in the non-TXA group did. CONCLUSIONS: TXA 20  mg/kg intravenously given just before primary anatomic and reverse @entity2 results in statistically significant reductions in @entity1 . @entity0 spent 21% less time in the recovery room and had a 16% shorter hospitalization, resulting in financial savings for the hospital.

title: @entity3 decreases XXXX after @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to evaluate the predictive value of fecal calprotectin in @entity0 with @entity1 from @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May and October 2013, 88 adult @entity0 , between the age 18 and 65 years with a history of chronic @entity2 of unknown origin were assessed. Standard colonoscopies were performed in all @entity0 to assess @entity1 . Before colonoscopies, they were asked to supply a stool specimen. Fecal calprotectin value was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: The mean of age, gender combination, and body mass index were not significantly different between @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity3 . The duration of disease in @entity1 @entity0 was significantly higher than @entity3 @entity0 (P < 0.0001). The level of calprotectin in @entity1 @entity0 was significantly higher than @entity3 @entity0 (265.9 vs 115.8, respectively, P = 0.001). Also, cutoff value >164  g/g with sensitivity and specify of 57 (CI: 41%-71.6%), and 75 (CI: 59.7%-56.8%), respectively, was the best for discrimination between @entity0 with @entity1 and those with @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Our results show that fecal calprotectin as a noninvasive method, which can be used to identify @entity0 with @entity1 from @entity3 @entity0 has low sensitivity and specificity.

title: Fecal calprotectin is a useful marker to diagnose @entity1 from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 are the most common @entity1 of the esophagus. Although classically surgical enucleation through thoracotomy or laparotomy has been widely accepted as treatment of choice, development of endoscopic and minimally invasive procedures has completely changed the surgical management of these @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all @entity5 operated at Hospital Universitario Ram  n y Cajal (Madrid, Spain) between January 1986 and December 2014, analyzing @entity0 ' demographic data, symptomatology, @entity1 size and location, diagnostic tests, surgical data, complications and postoperative stay. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity0 were found within that period, 8 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 , with a mean age of 53.62 years (range 35-70 years). Surgical enucleation was achieved in all @entity0 . In 8 cases (61.54%) a thoracic approach was performed (4 thoracotomies and 4 thoracoscopies), and in 5 cases (38.56%) an abdominal approach was performed (3 laparotomies and 2 laparoscopies); enucleation was carried out through a minimally invasive approach in 6 @entity0 (46.15%). There were no cases of endoscopic resection alone. Surgery mean length was 174.38 minutes (range 70-270 minutes) and median postoperative stay was 6.5 days (range 2-27 days). There was neither mortality nor cases of @entity6 were described. No postoperative major complications were reported; however one @entity0 presented important @entity3 in his right hemithorax that required management and long term follow-up by the Pain Management Unit. With a mean follow-up of 165.57 months (median 170; range 29-336 months) no recurrences were reported. CONCLUSION: Enucleation is the treatment of choice for the majority of @entity5 . In our experience, duration of the surgical procedure through minimally invasive approach was longer than surgery through open approach; however, postoperative stay was shorter in the first group. Paradoxically, incision @entity3 after surgery ( @entity2 ) was found to be higher in the minimally invasive approach group. Nevertheless, none of the results obtained in the study reached statistical significance, probably due to the small simple size.

title: Comparative study between open and minimally invasive approach in the surgical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Ten individuals developed an @entity1 -like illness after a single exposure to high levels of an irritating vapor, fume, or smoke. In most instances, the high level exposure was the result of an accident occurring in the workplace or a situation where there was poor ventilation and limited air exchange in the area. In all cases, symptoms developed within a few hours and often minutes after exposure. We have designated the illness as @entity0 ( @entity0 ) because a consistent physiologic accompaniment was airways hyperreactivity. When tested, all subjects showed positive @entity5 challenge tests. No documented preexisting @entity4 was identified nor did subjects relate past @entity4 . In two subjects, atopy was documented, but in all others, no evidence of @entity2 was identified. In the majority of the cases, there was persistence of respiratory symptoms and continuation of airways hyperreactivity for more than one year and often several years after the incident. The incriminated etiologic agent varied, but all shared a common characteristic of being irritant in nature. In two cases, bronchial biopsy specimens were available, and an airways inflammatory response was noted. This investigation suggests acute high level, uncontrolled irritant exposures may cause an @entity1 in some individuals which is different from typical @entity6 . It can lead to long-term sequelae and @entity3 . Nonimmunologic mechanisms seem operative in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

title: Reactive XXXX ( @entity0 ). @entity1 after high level irritant exposures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Classified among non-neoplastic @entity6 , @entity13 is characterized by unilateral or bilateral change of shape and size in the facial part of the skull causing transposition of teeth. The aim of this study was to present two related @entity0 with these symptoms who appeared for orthodontic consultation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was done in 2 related @entity0 , C.A. aged 58 and her daughter aged 25, basing on the medical history, clinical and radiologic examination, and documentation supplied by the @entity0 . RESULTS: Extraoral clinical examination of the mother revealed @entity15 of the mandible and maxilla in the form of asymmetry caused by a @entity2 localized in the alveolar process of the mandible predominantly on the left side, in the maxillary bone, and in other bones of the skeleton. Intraoral examination disclosed missing teeth, small and atypical teeth, diastemata, carious and noncarious lesions in the form of @entity8 , pathologic attrition, and @entity1 with an extensive @entity2 situated in the region of missing teeth 34 and 35. Panoramic radiographs revealed hyperdense foci and @entity3 corresponding to @entity7 and located bilaterally in the maxilla and mandible. The daughter presented with @entity12 and @entity14 . Her radiograms revealed lesions resembling periapical @entity10 corresponding to Noonan-like @entity5 and @entity17 . DISCUSSION: Adult @entity0 with non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesions accompanied by @entity11 and transposition of teeth often seek help of the orthodontist. The age of our @entity0 (mother 58 years and daughter 25 years) not being typical for progressing @entity16 , as well as radiologic findings and other @entity4 suggest that the lesions may be due to an undiagnosed @entity9 in which @entity13 is one of the symptoms.

title: [ @entity13 : a symptom of a syndrome or simply of XXXX ?].

answer: @entity16


abstract: Despite the early notion that @entity3 oral @entity4 is radioresistant, recent data suggest that external beam radiotherapy is effective in @entity1 control. However, optimal fractionation schedules have not been established. The high rate of regional and distant @entity0 is another problem that has hindered long-term control. The role of chemotherapy in the management of @entity3 oral @entity4 has also not been determined. In this study, data from 140 @entity3 irradiated at North Carolina State University were evaluated with the following objectives: (1) to compare the efficacy of three radiation therapy protocols (36 Gy, 9 Gy x 4 fractions; 30 Gy, 10 Gy x 3 fractions; or >45 Gy, 2-4 Gy x 12-19 fractions) for the treatment of @entity3 with oral @entity4 , (2) to identify any host or @entity1 factors influencing prognosis, and (3) to determine the impact of systemic chemotherapy on treatment outcome. Information regarding response to therapy, disease progression, and survival were determined from the medical records or from information obtained by telephone or mail survey. Relationships between host, @entity1 , and treatment variables and outcome measures (response, time to first event, and survival) were evaluated using Fisher's exact test (response) and the Cox regression model (time to first event and survival). The median time to first event for the 140 @entity3 was 5.0 months (95% C.I., 4-6 months) and the median survival was 7.0 months (95% C.I., 6-9 months). In the univariate analysis, the following variables were associated with increased time to first event and survival: (1) @entity1 sublocation; (2) lack of bone lysis observed on skull imaging, and (3) microscopic @entity1 burden. In a multivariate analysis of 111 @entity3 with complete data for these variables, @entity1 sublocation, bone lysis, and @entity1 volume were identified as joint predictors of time to first event (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .04, respectively) and survival (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .05, respectively). There were no differences in response, time to first event and survival between the three radiation therapy protocols used. Systemic chemotherapy had no impact on the development of @entity0 , time to first event, or survival, although the dosages used in this study were suboptimal. External beam radiation therapy is effective in @entity2 control of @entity3 oral @entity4 ; however, the optimal fractionation scheme has yet to be determined. The high metastatic rate observed with this disease and the inefficacy of systemic chemotherapy indicate that further investigation into novel therapies is warranted.

title: A retrospective analysis of 140 @entity3 with oral XXXX treated with external beam radiation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To explore a novel method to use @entity4 in heavily treated @entity0 , 4-week cycles of high-dosage (280 mg/d) @entity6 were given to 11 asymptomatic @entity0 who had previously received an average of 6 years of @entity3 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The @entity6 dose was targeted to produce a calculated steady-state concentration of 1.5 microM (336 ng/mL). @entity0 received @entity6 for the first 4 weeks, after which it was discontinued for 4 weeks. Additional 4-week drug cycles were given if plasma @entity5 RNA levels increased to at least 75% of baseline values. The 11 subjects received 38 cycles (average, 3.5 cycles per subject) during the 44-week study. @entity6 was well tolerated. Considering all data, there was a median 0.65 log(10) reduction in viral load as well as a median increase in CD4 cell count of 110/mm3 at the end of the cycles. However, plasma @entity2 increased and CD4 cell counts decreased between cycles. Viral load and CD4 cell responses were similar for up to 4 successive cycles. This suggested that increasing viral resistance was not a problem, as reflected by the acquisition of only one new @entity3 reverse transcriptase mutation among the @entity0 . Significant relationships between @entity6 exposure and changes in plasma @entity1 RNA levels were observed. A similar approach might be considered using a more potent regimen for @entity0 in whom resistance to @entity4 is a major reason for therapeutic failure.

title: Intermittent administration of high-dose XXXX to @entity3 -experienced individuals infected with @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied the relationship between @entity0 's and parents' sociodemographic and personality characteristics and parents' perceptions of their @entity0 's @entity1 . METHODS: One-hundred-ten parents of @entity0 undergoing surgery completed measures of @entity1 perception (e.g., Medication Attitude Questionnaire; MAQ) and parent and @entity0 personality characteristics (e.g., @entity2 , Extraversion and Openness to experience Five-Factor Inventory; NEO-FFI). Factor analysis and logistic regression models were developed. RESULTS: In terms of @entity1 medication perceptions (MAQ), descriptive analysis showed that more than 70% of parents feared side effects of @entity3 , 43% thought analgesics were addictive, and 37% thought that the less often @entity0 receive @entity3 , the better it worked. Factor analyses of the MAQ revealed a three factor solution explaining 52% of the variance in parental @entity1 medication perceptions. Conceptually, these factors represented Appropriate Use Attitude of Analgesics, Concerns about Side Effects, and Avoidance of @entity3 . Stepwise regression models were used to identify predictors of parents' scores on each of the three factors. Results indicated that less educated parents and parents of more sociable and more reactive @entity0 were more likely to indicate that they would avoid giving @entity3 (Avoidance factor; P < 0.001). Parents with higher conscientiousness scores (NEO-FFI) and those with more impulsive @entity0 were more likely to perceive that @entity3 was appropriate to use for @entity0 @entity1 (Appropriate Use Attitude factor; P < 0.001). DISCUSSION: We conclude that many parents have misconceptions of @entity1 and analgesics, and that @entity0 and parent personality characteristics can be used to identify parents at risk of these misconceptions.

title: Exploring sociodemographic and personality characteristic predictors of parental XXXX perceptions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical pathological characteristics and high risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and stage @entity2 (EOC). METHODS: A total of 91 @entity0 with @entity2 and 52 @entity0 with stage IEOC who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Gynecology, Peking University @entity0 's Hospital from November 2002 to May 2010 were recruited in this study. The @entity0 ' clinical characteristics were reviewed respectively and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The @entity0 in @entity2 group were significantly younger than those in EOC group (41.16    14.95 vs. 50.90    14.37,P<0.01). Compared with @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity0 with EOC were more likely to be post-menopausal(42.3% vs. 23.1%,P=0.016) and more with family history of @entity1 (26.9% vs. 13.2%,P=0.04).There were no significant differences in the size of @entity1 and the serum level of @entity1 markers. But the size of solid portion of the @entity1 of EOC was significantly larger than that of @entity2 (P<0.01). The extent of the increase of @entity3 among the @entity0 with EOC was higher than that among the @entity0 with @entity2 (256.99 vs. 116.59, P=0.028). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in @entity1 ' histopathological type(P<0.01). The serous and mucous @entity1 were more common in EOC group (90.1%, 82/91). In contrary, endometrioid, clear cells and mixed @entity1 were more common in EOC group than serous and mucous @entity1 (44.2%, 23/52). CONCLUSION: Although the clinical presentation of @entity0 with stage I EOC was similar to that of those with @entity2 , there were significant differences in the @entity0 ' age, post-menopausal or not, family history of @entity1 , size of solid portion of @entity1 , extent of the increase of the @entity1 biomarker, especially of @entity3 and @entity1 histopathological type. These clinicopathological characteristics might be helpful for us to make different diagnosis.

title: [Clinical characteristics of @entity2 and stage XXXX : an analysis of 143 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate and document the neuropsychological and emotional effects of @entity3 in @entity0 with intractable @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: 273 @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity5 underwent a complete neuropsychological and psychological examination as a routine part of their investigation for @entity3 surgery. Neuropsychological assessment included measures of intellect, memory, language functioning, higher executive functioning, emotional well-being and the psychosocial impact of @entity3 and its treatment. RESULTS: The sample comprised 135 females and 138 males with a clearly lateralised epileptogenic focus. @entity0 were mildly anxious but not depressed, although many reported that @entity3 and its treatment had a marked effect on their daily lives. Current reading ability was in the average range; the mean obtained full scale IQ was 88 (low average range). Verbal memory functioning was within the borderline @entity1 functioning within the average range. Mean language performance was between the 5-10th percentile. Higher executive functioning results were in the normal range. Multiple univariate analyses were performed according to onset laterality. There were no significant differences between the groups on measures of @entity4 . @entity0 with left @entity5 scored significantly lower than those in the right temporal group on measures of verbal intelligence, general intelligence, attention span and expressive language functioning. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 suffer significant @entity6 in terms of their intellect, memory and language. Higher executive functioning appears unaffected. In addition, there is also evidence of @entity2 . These all impact upon their day-to-day functioning, which can be improved by the application of various psychological therapies and interventions.

title: The neuropsychological and emotional consequences of living with intractable XXXX : implications for clinical management.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to establish a @entity0 model to investigate apoptosis in @entity1 -induced @entity6 occurring via the Wnt/b-catenin pathway. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity0 were randomly divided into a control group (group A), model group (group B) and @entity11 group (group C), each consisting of 24 @entity0 , and the @entity0 were intravenously injected with @entity2 (10   g/kg body weight). After 24  h, three injections of MPS (20  mg/kg body weight) were administered intramuscularly at 24-h intervals. The @entity0 in group C were injected intramuscularly with 1   g/kg @entity11 protein per day for 30  days, beginning at the time of the first MPS administration. The group A @entity0 were fed and housed under identical conditions but received saline injection. All animals were sacrificed at weeks 2, 4 and 8 from the first MPS injection. Histopathological staining was preformed to evaluated @entity5 . Apoptosis was detected via quantitative @entity10 ( @entity10 ) @entity9 nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining, @entity7 activity assay, and detection of @entity3 and @entity4 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Wnt/b-catenin pathway signalling molecules, including activated b-catenin and @entity8 , were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: Typical @entity5 was observed in groups B and C. Apoptosis gradually increased with increasing time in both groups B and C. More severe @entity5 and apoptosis were observed in group C compared with group B. The expression levels of @entity7 and @entity4 were higher while that of @entity3 was lower in group C compared with group B. The expression levels of activated b-catenin and @entity8 gradually decreased with increasing time in both groups B and C, and they were lower in group C compared with group B. CONCLUSIONS: The Wnt/b-catenin pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of early stage SANFH, as we have demonstrated in an SANFH @entity0 model, and it may act through the regulation of @entity8 , which affects the cell cycle and cell apoptosis.

title: Apoptosis associated with Wnt/b-catenin pathway leads to XXXX -induced @entity5 of @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest that sex @entity6 , such as @entity4 and @entity7 , could protect the brain. However, @entity4 replacement therapy (ERT) for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 has not been successful. We hypothesised that the lack of effect of ERT might be related to an interaction between @entity4 and some other factor(s) associated with @entity5 . DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: We analysed total @entity4 (TE) and @entity7 (TT) levels in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 and controls of the Oxford Project To Investigate Memory and Ageing. Because @entity2 ( @entity13 ) after the menopause is largely derived from @entity11 (TE1), we computed the ratio @entity13 /(TE1+ @entity13 ) and a total @entity3 index (TT+ @entity13 +TE1). RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity5 (n=66) had significantly higher levels of @entity13 (27+/-13 vs. 21+/-13) and a higher @entity13 /(TE1+ @entity13 ) ratio. Stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that the @entity13 /(TE1+ @entity13 ) ratio was the main sex @entity3 predictor for @entity5 (O.R.=1.06, 95% C.I.=1.01-1.11, p<0.01). Multiple regression analyses revealed that @entity8 severity was associated with an interaction between the @entity13 /(TE1+ @entity13 ) ratio and serum @entity10 (B=4.59 (SE=1.48), beta=1.22, 95% C.I.=1.62-7.56, p<0.005). None of the other potential mediators of this association (body mass index, sex hormone binding globulin, @entity9 levels, @entity12 genotype, smoking, @entity1 , blood pressure) was significant. MAIN FINDINGS: A high ratio of @entity2 to total @entity4 is associated with @entity5 but, in subjects with a high ratio, the @entity8 severity was lower in those with high serum @entity10 levels. CONCLUSIONS: If this association is causal, then supplementation with @entity10 might be considered in future studies on ERT in @entity5 .

title: The interaction of serum @entity10 and @entity2 levels in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of shRNA targeting @entity6 on tumorigenicity of @entity0 @entity5 K562 cells in @entity2 in vivo and its mechanisms. METHODS: For experiment 3 groups including @entity3 group(expression of @entity6 in K562 cells was down-regulated by shRNA), CON (cells without any treatment) and NC group (cells treated with nonspecific-sequence shRNA) were set-up. Western blot was used to test the expression of b-catenin and @entity4 in cells. Then the cells of 3 groups were implanted into BALB/c @entity2 subcutaneously to establish @entity2 xenograft model. The growth state of the @entity2 and the size of the xenograft @entity1 were recorded. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of xenograft @entity1 . Expressions of b-catenin and @entity4 in xenograft @entity1 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: In vitro the expression of b-catenin and @entity4 in @entity3 group were lower than the CON group and NC group (P<0.05). In vivo the @entity1 volume and weight of @entity3 group were significant smaller than the other two groups (P<0.01). HE staining showed that tissues in the @entity3 group were relatively looser in arrangement with smaller cell nucleus and less cytoplasm. The expression of b-catenin and @entity4 in the @entity3 group were remarkable weak as compared with that in CON group and NC group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Down-regulating the expression of @entity6 by shRNA may significantly inhibit the tumorigenicity of K562 cells in @entity2 in vivo and its mechanism may be related with the inhibition of expression of b-catenin and @entity4 .

title: [Effects of shRNA Targeting @entity6 on Tumorigenicity of K562 Cells in XXXX In Vivo].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity7 to reduce the plasma levels of TNF system molecules ( @entity2 , sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) and to assess their association with risk factors for accelerate @entity3 and clinical disease activity scores in @entity5 @entity0 . METHODS: In a previous study, 64 female @entity5 @entity0 received 20 mg/day of @entity7 and 24 @entity5 @entity0 (non-treated group) were followed for 8 weeks. Plasma levels of @entity2 , sTNFR 1 and sTNFR 2 were measured by ELISA, at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS: The plasma levels of sTNFR1 and sTNFR 2 showed a positive correlation with SLEDAI score. We also found a positive correlation between @entity2 and sTNFR 1 levels and SLICC score. @entity0 with current @entity6 and patients with anti-ds-DNA antibodies presented higher sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 levels. @entity0 with @entity4 and arterial @entity1 also had higher plasma levels of soluble receptors. At the end of 8 weeks, we observed a significant decrease in sTNFR1 plasma levels in @entity0 receiving @entity7 [median (percentile), 876.5 (717-1284 pg/ml) vs. 748 (629.6-917.3 pg/ml), p=0.03], without difference regarding @entity2 and sTNFR2 plasma levels. The SLEDAI and SLICC scores were independent determinants of the plasma levels of sRTNF1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 reduced soluble receptors of @entity2 . The plasma levels of @entity2 , sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 may play a role in @entity5 activity and @entity3 , and might be evaluated as targets for new therapies.

title: @entity7 reduced soluble receptors of XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Telomerase adds hexameric repeats of 5'-TTAGGG-3' termed telomeres to ends of chromosomal DNA. This enzyme has been implicated in cellular immortalization and cellular senescence. Recently, a number of relevant genes have been cloned, including these encoding three major components of @entity0 telomerase: @entity0 telomerase RNA component ( @entity4 ), @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity3 ), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Also important are genes encoding @entity0 @entity7 . To clarify mechanisms regulating telomerase activity, we studied telomerase activity, the telomeric restriction fragment (TRF) length and gene expression of these telomerase components and the telomeric-repeat binding factor proteins in sequential observation following X-irradiation of cultured @entity2 cells. We previously reported that PANC-1 cells are better able to tolerate thermal stress, antineoplastic drugs, and exposure to @entity1 factor than MIAPaCa-2 cells. MIAPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells were exposed to X-irradiation, their telomerase activity was increased at 2 days and then decreased gradually. Of the three telomerase components, only @entity3 mRNA expression showed parallel changes. TRF length was stable just before and after X-irradiation. Among binding factor proteins, @entity5 mRNA showed reciprocal changes possibly directed toward maintaining a stable telomere length. In this study, our results demonstrate that not only @entity3 but also @entity5 are important regulator of telomerase activity.

title: Telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomeric-repeat binding factor protein 1 as regulators of telomerase activity in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anterior maxillary segmental distraction (AMSD) is an effective surgical procedure in the treatment of @entity4 secondary to @entity3 . Its unique advantage of preserving velopharyngeal function makes this procedure widely applied. In this study, the application of AMSD was described and its long-term stability was explored. Eight @entity0 with severe @entity4 secondary to @entity5 were included in this study. They were treated with AMSD using @entity2 ( @entity2 ) device. Cephalometric analysis was performed twice at three time points for evaluation: before surgery (T1), after distraction (T2), and 2 years after treatment (T3). One-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences statistically. All the distractions completed smoothly, and maxilla was distracted efficiently. The value of SNA, NA-FH, Ptm-A, U1-PP, overjet and PP (ANS-PNS) increased significantly after the AMSD procedure (P < 0.05), with the mean overjet increased by 14.28 mm. However, comparison of cephalometric analysis between T2 and T3 showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Changes of @entity1 and soft palatal length were insignificant. AMSD with @entity2 device provided an effective way to correct @entity4 secondary to @entity5 , extended the palatal and arch length, avoided damage on velopharyngeal closure function and reduced the relapse rate. It is a promising and valuable technique in this potentially complicated procedure.

title: Anterior maxillary segmental distraction in the treatment of severe @entity4 secondary to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of various antidepressants using the learned helplessness test (LH) or the forced swimming test (FS) in @entity0 . Repeated treatment of the tricyclic antidepressants @entity2 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), @entity6 (0.625 mg/kg, p.o.), @entity3 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity7 (20 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the number of escape failures in the LH group, respectively. Repeated treatment of an atypical antidepressant, @entity5 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, p.o.), and one of the selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), @entity4 (1.25 mg/kg, p.o.), also reduced the number of escape failures in the LH group. In the FS, repeated treatment of @entity2 (5, 10 mg/kg, p.o.), @entity3 (5, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity5 (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the duration of immobility time. On the other hand, repeated treatment of @entity7 (5-20 mg/kg), @entity6 (0.1325-1.25 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity4 (0.3125-1.25 mg/kg, p.o.) failed to decrease the duration of immobility time in the FS group. In conclusion, these results suggest that the LH group is sensitive to agents with a variety of antidepressant properties compared to the FS group in @entity0 .

title: Availability of learned helplessness test as a model of depression compared to a forced swimming test in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In cases of severe penile inadequacy, such as in pathological conditions involving @entity3 (e.g. @entity1 ), or in 46,XY @entity5 with severe undervirilization or maldevelopment of the penis (e.g. idiopathic @entity7 , @entity6 ), standard (surgical) penile lengthening techniques do not provide @entity0 with a phallus suitable for sexual intercourse. Genital dissatisfaction can lead to low self-esteem and @entity2 . Therefore, phalloplasty, the gold standard in transgender surgery, may provide a possibility to achieve a satisfactory genital appearance and sexual function. Small series have reported cosmetically acceptable and erogenous sensate neophalli with incorporation of a neourethra to allow voiding in a standing position and with enough bulk to allow penile prosthesis insertion for pleasurable intercourse. Although early results seem promising, further publication of series with large numbers and longer follow-up is needed to evaluate to what extent phalloplasty improves physical and sexual outcomes. Complications are of particular concern because of associated @entity4 and loss of sensitive tissue. Without full preoperative workups assessing @entity0 ' expectations and reasons for undergoing surgery, they may still struggle with self/penile image and with psychological barriers for engaging in sexual activity. Recommendations for the psychosocial management of @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity3 are suggested.

title: Phalloplasty: A panacea for 46,XY @entity5 with XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unilateral acute idiopathic @entity2 (UAIM) is a rare entity, in which an inflammatory process involves the macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina. It represents a wide spectrum of ocular findings not consistently present in all @entity0 , which may lead to difficulties in the recognition of the condition. METHODS: This observational case report presents the third-generation optical coherence tomography (StratusOCT) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) findings in a 31-year-old @entity0 with UAIM in the acute phase as well as two months later, and discusses the role of StratusOCT in the diagnosis. RESULTS: In the acute phase, StratusOCT demonstrated abnormal heterogeneous hyperreflectivity and thickening at the level of the outer retina and RPE in the foveal region. Two months after the initial presentation, StratusOCT examination showed a subfoveal area of homogeneous hyperreflectivity that extended from the RPE to the outer retinal layers with posterior shadowing, and sparse points of hyperreflectivity at several different levels of the @entity3 , including its superficial layers. The foveal retinal thickness during the acute phase was thicken compared with that after resolution. Seven days after the initial evaluation, mfERG showed severely reduced N1-P1 amplitudes with normal latencies in the region corresponding to the affected area of the papillomacular bundle and fovea. Two months later, mfERG results were normal. CONCLUSIONS: StratusOCT provided valuable information, allowing for the exclusion of other disorders that might mimic UAIM. mfERG findings were consistent with transient outer retinal dysfunction as the cause of @entity1 . We are unaware of previous reports of UAIM studied by these methods and could find no reference to them in a computerized search using MEDLINE.

title: STRATUSOCT and multifocal ERG in unilateral acute idiopathic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To assess the efficacy of isovolaemic haemodilution therapy (IHT) in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: @entity0 presenting with @entity1 between 1 July 1991 and 31 August 1993 were eligible for inclusion and randomised into treatment and control groups. @entity0 randomised to receive IHT were treated for 6 weeks with venesection and volume replacement using hydroxyethylstarch, a plasma expander. The target haematocrit was 35%. Follow up was for 1 year. RESULTS: The baseline visual acuity of the two groups was similar at 0.74 and 0.75 logMAR units (Snellen 6/36), for the IHT and control groups, respectively. At 6 weeks, visual acuity in the IHT group had improved by 0.20 logMAR units (2 lines on the Bailey-Lovie chart) (p = 0.0001). Vision was unchanged in the control group. At 1 year, the IHT group exhibited an improvement of 0.43 logMAR units. By comparison, the improvement in the control group at 1 year was significantly less at 0.17 logMAR units (p = 0.03). The final visual acuity in the IHT and control groups was 0.30 (Snellen 6/12) and 0.60 (Snellen 6/24) logMAR units, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the theory that IHT has a positive effect on the visual outcome in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Effect of isovolaemic haemodilution on visual outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of @entity3 on the risk for @entity5 following open groin hernia surgery. METHODS: During the study period (2002-2011), 133,074 open repairs were registered in the Swedish @entity8 Register. History of peripheral @entity7 , @entity14 , @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity13 as well as data on @entity9 or @entity12 , wound dehiscence, @entity2 , and reoperation for superficial @entity6 or @entity9 within 30  days after surgery were obtained by matching with the Swedish @entity0 Register. RESULTS: In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significantly increased risk for @entity9 or @entity12 within 30  days after surgery was seen for older @entity0 , males, @entity13 , @entity11 , and @entity14 (p  <  0.05). High age (>80  years), previous history of @entity11 , @entity14 , and male gender were risk factors for wound dehiscence (p  <  0.05). @entity13 , @entity10 , BMI  >  25, and male gender were associated with increased risk for @entity15 (p  <  0.05). A significantly increased risk for reoperation for superficial @entity6 or @entity9 was seen in @entity0 with @entity11 and elderly @entity0 (p  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: Risk for @entity5 in open groin hernia surgery is increased in elderly @entity0 , @entity0 with @entity13 , and those with @entity11 . The indications for surgery should be weighed against the risk for wound-healing complications in these @entity0 groups. Watchful waiting may be an alternative, although this carries the risk of emergency surgery.

title: Wound Healing Following Open Groin XXXX Surgery: The Impact of Comorbidity.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity4 -(7-36)- @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is a potent blood @entity1 -lowering hormone now under investigation for use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of type 2 (adult onset) @entity0 . @entity7 binds with high affinity to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) located on pancreatic beta-cells, and it exerts insulinotropic actions that include the stimulation of @entity2 gene transcription, @entity2 biosynthesis, and @entity2 secretion. The beneficial therapeutic action of @entity7 also includes its ability to act as a growth factor, stimulating formation of new pancreatic islets (neogenesis) while slowing beta-cell death (apoptosis). @entity7 belongs to a large family of structurally-related hormones and neuropeptides that include glucagon, secretin, GIP, @entity9 , and @entity3 . Biosynthesis of @entity7 occurs in the enteroendocrine L-cells of the distal intestine, and the release of @entity7 into the systemic circulation accompanies ingestion of a meal. Although @entity7 is inactivated rapidly by @entity5 ( @entity5 ), synthetic analogs of @entity7 exist, and efforts have been directed at engineering these peptides so that they are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. Additional modifications of @entity7 incorporate fatty acylation and drug affinity complex (DAC) technology to improve serum albumin binding, thereby slowing renal clearance of the peptides. @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity14 , and @entity10 are @entity7 synthetic analogs that reproduce many of the biological actions of @entity7 , but with a prolonged duration of action. @entity12 (Exendin-4) is a naturally occurring peptide isolated from the lizard Heloderma, and it acts as a high affinity agonist at the @entity8 . This review summarizes structural features and signal transduction properties of @entity7 and its cognate beta-cell GPCR. The usefulness of synthetic @entity7 analogs as blood @entity1 -lowering agents is discussed, and the applicability of @entity7 as a therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 @entity0 is highlighted.

title: @entity4 synthetic analogs: new therapeutic agents for use in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was analysed using a unique fluorescent technique. @entity3 is associated with various @entity0 @entity1 . However, the reported frequency of @entity3 differs widely in each @entity1 . Methodological difficulties have in fact been pointed out in its assay techniques. METHODS: We previously established a sensitive fluorescent technique in which the major methodological problems are overcome. Application of this technique has revealed two distinct modes of microsatellite alterations, i.e. Type A and Type B. In the present study, we have applied this technique to 94 ECs. RESULTS: Significant microsatellite alterations were observed in 38 (40.4  %) @entity1 of the panel. The two modes, Type A and Type B, were indeed observed in this @entity1 . More importantly, we found that the modes more closely correlated with the molecular and clinicopathological backgrounds of the @entity1 than the established and widely used @entity3 grades, @entity3 and @entity3 . Type B @entity3 widely correlated with family history of @entity2 , whereas @entity3 only did with that of @entity2 . Furthermore, mutation in the @entity4 oncogene, which has been regarded as generally infrequent in microsatellite-unstable @entity1 , was clearly associated with Type A @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Our observations may suggest a biological relevance and a potential utility of the modal classification of @entity3 and, furthermore, added complexities to genomic instability underlying tumourigenesis in @entity0 endometrium.

title: Modal variety of microsatellite instability in XXXX @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity11 mycotoxins are common contaminants of @entity4 and cause several fatal @entity5 . Liver is a target organ of @entity10 in intact animals, but liver slices and primary hepatocytes, which do not proliferate in culture, are resistant to @entity11 exposure. @entity2 cell lines, on the other hand, undergo cell division in culture and are sensitive to the toxic effects of @entity10 . It was therefore hypothesized that @entity11 @entity1 is dependent on cell proliferation. To test this hypothesis, the partially hepatectomized @entity0 was used as a model to determine whether @entity11 produced greater @entity1 in rapidly proliferating liver in vivo. @entity0 were dosed intraperitoneally with @entity8 ( @entity9 ) 24 h after sham operation or partial hepatectomy (PH) and were killed 24 h later. The dose-related increase in free @entity7 bases (a biomarker of @entity11 exposure) was enhanced in the PH-treated rats. Serum @entity3 and enzymes were higher in PH-treated @entity0 dosed with @entity9 than in those given PH without @entity9 or in sham-operated, @entity9 -dosed @entity0 . Multiple daily doses of @entity9 after surgery elevated the number of apoptotic hepatocytes in both sham-operated and PH-treated @entity0 to about the same degree, suggesting that apoptosis is not associated with the enhanced @entity1 of @entity9 in regenerating liver. Proliferating cells appear to be more sensitive to the toxic effects of @entity10 . This enhanced @entity1 may be related to the increased ability of @entity10 to disrupt @entity6 metabolism in hepatectomized @entity0 , but this is yet to be determined.

title: Role of proliferation in the @entity1 of XXXX : enhanced hepatotoxic response in the partially hepatectomized @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity12 (SKI-2053R, Sunpla ), a new @entity8 analogue which has a better @entity3 profile than @entity7 , has been used with @entity10 ( @entity10 ) continuous infusion for the treatment of advanced @entity4 . However, continuous @entity10 infusion had a inconvenience to administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity12 , UFT-E and @entity11 combination chemotherapy in advanced @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 @entity0 was enrolled in this study at Kyung Hee University and Korea University from September 1999 to May 2001. @entity12 400 mg/m2 was given as intravenous infusion for 1 hour at day 1. Oral UFT-E 360 mg/m2 and @entity11 45 mg/day were administered for 21 consecutive days followed by a 7-day drug free interval. This schedule was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: The 22 enrolled @entity0 received 81 courses of chemotherapy and the median number of course per @entity0 was three with a range of one to six. Five of 21 @entity0 achieved partial responses (23.8%; 95% confidence interval, 5.6% to 42%) without complete response. Out of the 5 responding @entity0 , three had unresectable perigastric lymph-nodes, one @entity0 had a @entity2 , and one @entity0 had a peritoneal @entity1 respectively. Main @entity3 were @entity9 and @entity5 / @entity6 . Grade 3 and 4 @entity9 were observed in 4 @entity0 (18%) and grade 3 @entity5 / @entity6 were observed in 5 @entity0 (22.7%). The median time to progression was 4 months (range, 0.5 to 13 months), and median survival duration was 7.5 months (range, 2.0 to 14 months). Median response duration was 5.0 months (range, 1.5 to 10 months). CONCLUSION: A combination chemotherapy of @entity12 , UFT-E and @entity11 has a comparable efficacy with those of previously reported @entity12 and intravenous regimen of @entity10 and controllable @entity3 in advanced @entity4 . Further study with large @entity0 population is warranted to determine the usefulness of this regimen.

title: Pilot Study of XXXX , UFT-E and @entity11 in Advanced @entity4 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ocular surface @entity1 (OSSN) encompasses the conditions of @entity2 in situ to @entity3 . It has a high rate of recurrence after treatment and the potential to metastasize. The present retrospective study was aimed at further defining the characteristics and clinical course of OSSN. METHODS: With ethical approval, the records of all major pathology laboratories in Queensland were surveyed. Two hundred and eighty-eight cases were identified: 155 @entity4 , 71 @entity2 in situ and 62 @entity3 . The records were analysed and an attempt was made to contact and re-examine the @entity0 . RESULTS: Ocular surface @entity1 occurs mainly in males (78.5%) with a mean age of 60.1 years (range 20-88 years). They present as irritation (40.1%) and are located usually at the limbus (87.8%). The majority of OSSN are treated by simple excision (87.5%), after which there is a high rate of recurrence (23.3%). The main predictors for recurrence include histological grade of the lesion, corneal location and larger size (> 2 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Management of OSSN requires adequate excision and careful follow up to monitor any recurrence. As with other ultraviolet light-related conditions, preventative measures must remain the key to disease control.

title: Retrospective study of ocular surface XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Since clinical case reports suggest that @entity3 ( @entity5 ) intoxication may impair learning and memory, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of @entity5 on two memory tasks: open-field habituation and two-way active avoidance. Adult male @entity0 were exposed to @entity5 in drinking water at three concentrations for 30 days: 1.54 (control, tap water), 50 and 100 ppm @entity5 (corresponding to an intake of 0.10+/-0.005, 5.15+/-0.14, and 10.77+/-0.39 mg/kg of @entity5 , respectively). At day 30, the @entity0 were placed in an open-field and retested after 24 h (test session) to measure habituation. In the two-way active avoidance task, another three groups of @entity0 were trained in a 30-trial training session and tested again 24 h later (test session). @entity4 was also evaluated. @entity2 was impaired by 50 and 100 ppm, but not by 1.54 ppm @entity5 . Moreover, 100 ppm @entity5 reduced the number of avoidance responses in the active avoidance task. No @entity1 was observed. Mild @entity4 in @entity0 incisor teeth was found in the 50 and 100 ppm @entity5 groups. Overall, these results suggest that moderate intoxication with @entity3 has potentially deleterious effects on learning and memory.

title: Subchronic fluoride intake induces impairment in habituation and active avoidance tasks in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a @entity4 with many airway pathological features, including aberrant epithelial @entity7 channel (ENaC) function, persistent @entity6 (PA) @entity5 and neutrophil-dominant @entity2 . @entity11 in @entity8 airways is difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance and other factors. Recently, a1- @entity13 ( @entity12 ) have been shown to be effective to reduce @entity8 airway @entity11 . However, there is a dearth of studies about the mechanisms underlying @entity12 's therapeutic effects. The goal of our study is to provide an animal model of @entity12 therapy in @entity8 lungs. ENaC @entity1 with @entity11 were used as a @entity8 -like model. @entity1 were intratracheally treated with PA or saline (control) in a fibrin plug. Two hours after @entity11 , aerosolized @entity12 were delivered to @entity1 lungs once daily. At day 1 and day 3 post PA @entity3 , PA load as well as @entity9 protein @entity10 , lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 ( @entity14 ) were measured. At day 1 post @entity11 when @entity12 was delivered once to ENaC transgenic @entity1 lungs, @entity12 did not reduce @entity3 (e.g., neutrophils) and PA load. However, at day 3 post @entity11 when ENaC @entity1 received three repeated @entity12 treatments, a significant decrease in airspace @entity2 and PA load was observed. Although @entity12 prevented the loss of @entity14 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of PA-infected wild-type @entity1 , it did not restore @entity14 levels in ENaC @entity1 . Our current study has provided a valid and quick @entity12 therapeutic model in @entity8 -like lungs that may serve as a platform for future mechanistic studies about how @entity12 exerts beneficial effects in @entity0 @entity8 @entity0 .

title: Therapeutic Effects of a1- @entity13 on Psedumonas aeruginosa Infection in ENaC XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is still the gold standard in the treatment of @entity1 and is used worldwide in more than 0.5 million @entity0 with @entity1 . Much hope is currently associated with the individualization of therapy provided to @entity1 @entity0 . The search is underway for biochemical and clinical markers that would be useful in predicting good response to @entity3 therapy. Along with clinical factors, genetic predisposition may also be helpful. Polymorphism of genes participating in @entity3 metabolism may affect the drug   s efficacy and the rate of adverse effects. Pharmacogenetic studies may contribute to more effective individualization of therapy for @entity1 @entity0 . There are many potential enzymes and transport proteins present in polymorphic forms, which are involved in transport of @entity3 into the cell, its metabolism and elimination from the cell. There is a chance that in the future through individualized therapy we will be able to customize therapy (type of drug, dose, route of administration) to the molecular subtype of the disease and the genotype of the @entity0 . @entity0 with a specific type of polymorphism would require more frequent monitoring of the efficacy and safety of treatment. Note, however, that genetic predisposition is only one of the factors contributing to differences in pharmacotherapy in individual @entity0 .

title: [The importance of pharmacogenetic tests in evaluation of the effectiveness of XXXX treatment in @entity1 (part 1)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries. It is of key importance to ascertain its magnitude and to identify main groups at risk. In this paper the prevalence of @entity1 in Spanish adult population aged 25-60 is estimated, based on measured height and weight. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Pooled-analysis of regional cross-sectional nutrition surveys performed on representative random population samples. Randomly selected 9,885 free living subjects aged 25-60 years respondents of population nutritional surveys carried out in eight Spanish regions (Andaluc  a, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Catalunya, Galicia, Madrid and Valencia) between 1990 to 2000. Weight and height were measured on each individual by trained observers following standardised procedures and measuring instruments. The samples were pooled together and weighted according to the distribution of Spanish adult population aged 25-60 years. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m2. The protocol used in each survey was in accordance to the recommendations of the Spanish Society for the study of Obesity (SEEDO) to estimate the prevalence of @entity1 in population studies. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1 in Spanish adult population was 14.5% (95% CI, 13.93-15.07%), significantly higher among @entity0 15.75% (95% CI, 14.89-16.61%), than @entity0 13,39% (95% CI, 11.84-14.94%) (*2 = 12.470; p = 0.000). Prevalence of @entity1 significantly increased with age in @entity0 and @entity0 . The highest rates were estimated for the age group older than 55 years, both among males and females, 21.58% (95% CI, 18.68-24.48%) and 33.9% (95% CI, 32.73-35.07%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Obesity is a health problem which affects an important proportion of the Spanish adult population. Considering its potential impact on Public Health, it would be required to design and implement effective strategies aimed at the early detection of subjects at risk and the provision of adequate treatment, as well as to establish suitable preventive programmes.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX in Spain: results of the SEEDO 2000 study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A novel @entity0 ferritin-based nanocarrier, composed of 24 modified monomers able to auto-assemble into a modified protein cage, was produced and used as selective carrier of anti- @entity1 payloads. Each modified monomer derives from the genetic fusion of two distinct modules, namely the heavy chain of @entity0 ferritin (HFt) and a stabilizing/protective PAS polypeptide sequence rich in @entity6 (P), @entity4 (S), and @entity7 (A) residues. Two genetically fused protein constructs containing PAS polymers with 40- and 75-residue lengths, respectively, were compared. They were produced and purified as recombinant proteins in @entity3 at high yields. Both preparations were highly soluble and stable in vitro as well as in @entity2 plasma. Size-exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that PASylated ferritins are fully assembled and highly monodispersed. In addition, yields and stability of encapsulated @entity5 were significantly better for both HFt-PAS proteins than for wild-type HFt. Importantly, PAS sequences considerably prolonged the half-life of HFt in the @entity2 bloodstream. Finally, our @entity5 -loaded nanocages preserved the pharmacological activity of the drug. Taken together, these results indicate that both of the developed HFt-PAS fusion proteins are promising nanocarriers for future applications in @entity1 therapy.

title: Improved XXXX Encapsulation and Pharmacokinetics of Ferritin-Fusion Protein Nanocarriers Bearing @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity7 Elements.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous laser thermal ablation (LTA) has been applied in several @entity1 . In this study we evaluated the safety and long-term efficacy of LTA in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. DESIGN AND @entity0 : Seven @entity0 with autonomous hyperfunctioning @entity8 (group A) and five @entity0 with @entity6 (group B) were treated with LTA. Up to three needles were positioned centrally in the @entity8 and laser fiber was placed in the lumen of the needle. Laser illumination was performed reaching a maximal energy deposition of 1800 J per fiber. MEASUREMENTS: Thyroid nodule volume, endocrinologic, and clinical evaluation were performed at baseline, 3, and 12 months after the treatment. Scintigraphy was performed at diagnosis and 12 months after the first session in group A. RESULTS: In group A, mean thyroid volume decreased from 3.15 +/- 1.26 mL to 0.83 +/- 0.49 mL (p < 0.001) after 12 months. The treatment induced disappearance of clinical signs and symptoms related to @entity2 ; normalization of free @entity3 (FT(3)), free @entity4 (FT(4)), and @entity5 (TSH) serum levels and recovery of extranodular uptake at scintiscan. In group B, mean thyroid volume decreased from 11.14 +/- 4.99 mL to 3.73 +/- 1.47 mL (p < 0.01) after 12 months. Pressure symptoms in the neck, difficulty in swallowing and @entity7 improved in all @entity0 . The treatment was well tolerated in both groups of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: LTA appears to be a valid and safe alternative approach in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules.

title: Ultrasound-guided laser thermal ablation in the treatment of XXXX and @entity6 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most primary @entity0 @entity3 and peritoneal implants, as well as @entity1 vascular endothelial cells, express the @entity5 family of cell surface proteoglycans, the natural ligand for which is hyaluronic acid (HA). @entity4 ( @entity6 ) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used for the treatment of several @entity1 , including @entity3 . This study aimed to develop a HA-based @entity6 -loaded nanoparticle system to improve the @entity3 therapeutic effects. METHODS: @entity6 -loaded cationic nanostructured lipid nanoparticles ( @entity6 -NLCs) were prepared. HA-PE was then coated onto the @entity6 -NLCs by electrostatic adsorption to form HA- @entity6 -NLCs. In vitro @entity1 cell inhibition efficiency was analyzed on SKOV3 @entity0 @entity3 cells (SKOV3 cells) and @entity6 -resistant SKOV3 cells (SKOV3/ @entity6 cells). In vivo anticancer ability was evaluated with @entity2 bearing SKOV3 @entity3 cells xenografts. RESULTS: HA- @entity6 -NLCs had an average diameter of 163   nm, and @entity6 was incorporated with an efficiency of over 80%. The in vitro viability of SKOV3 cells and SKOV3/ @entity6 cells was obviously inhibited by HA- @entity6 -NLCs. In the @entity3 cells model, significant reduction in @entity1 growth was observed, whereas the conventional @entity6 injection group did not achieve significance. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that significantly improved results were obtained by the newly constructed HA- @entity6 -NLCs, in terms of in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. These findings strongly support the superiority of HA based nano-system for the @entity6 delivery, thus enhance the efficacy of @entity3 chemotherapy.

title: @entity3 targeted hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticle system for XXXX delivery to overcome drug resistance.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peri-procedural management of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is challenging. The optimal duration of pre-procedural discontinuation that guarantees a minimal DOAC concentration ([DOAC]) at surgery is unknown. The usual 48-hour discontinuation might not be sufficient for all @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that a 48-hour DOAC discontinuation is not sufficient to ensure a minimal per-procedural [DOAC], defined as [DOAC]<30ng/mL. To investigate the factors associated with per-procedural [DOAC]. To evaluate the ability of normal PT and aPTT to predict [DOAC]<30ng/mL. METHODS: @entity0 treated with @entity2 or @entity1 , and requiring any invasive procedure were included in this multicentre, prospective, observational study. [DOAC], PT and aPTT were measured during invasive procedure. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity0 were enrolled. Duration of DOAC discontinuation ranged from 1-168h. Per-procedural [DOAC] ranged from <30 to 466ng/mL. [DOAC]<30ng/mL occurred more frequently after 48-hour discontinuation than after a shorter delay. [DOAC] remained >= 30ng/mL in 36% and 14% of measurements performed 24-48h and 48h-120h after discontinuation, respectively. According to ROC curve, a cut-off value of 120hours for DOAC discontinuation had a better specificity than a cut-off value of 48hours to predict [DOAC]<30ng/mL. Normal PT and aPTT ratios had good specificity and positive predictive value, but limited sensitivity (74%) and negative predictive value (73%) to predict [DOAC]<30ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: A 48-hour discontinuation does not guarantee a [DOAC]<30ng/mL in all @entity0 . Normal PT and aPTT are flawed to predict this threshold and could not replace specific assays. Further studies are needed to define the relationship between per-procedural [DOAC] and clinical outcomes.

title: Peri-procedural management of XXXX and @entity1 : Duration of anticoagulant discontinuation and drug concentrations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: When local anesthetics are used, the administration of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) can prolong analgesic duration. However, the effect of caudal @entity6 on high volume/low concentration (HVLC) local anesthetics has not been studied. We investigated the analgesic effect of @entity6 added to a HVLC of @entity3 for @entity2 in @entity0 . Eighty @entity0 (the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I; age, 1-6 years) undergoing ambulatory orchiopexy were enrolled in the study. @entity0 were randomly assigned to undergo a @entity2 with 1.5   mL/kg of 0.15% @entity3 and either 1     g/kg of @entity6 ( @entity6 group, n=40) or the same amount of saline (Control group, n=40) under general anesthesia. The results showed that the time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in the @entity6 group than in the control group. The @entity4 requirement for anesthesia and frequency of emergence agitation (EA) were also significantly lower in the @entity6 group. There was no difference in adverse events between the two groups. In conclusion, a dose of 1     g/kg of caudal @entity6 prolonged the first analgesic request time, although the immediate postoperative @entity1 scores were comparable in both groups. Furthermore, caudal @entity6 significantly reduced the @entity4 requirement and the frequency of EA.

title: The Effect of 1     g/kg @entity5 Combined with High-Volume/Low-Concentration Caudal XXXX in @entity0 Undergoing Ambulatory Orchiopexy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To establish whether @entity4 per se in the absence of significant increases in systolic load induce @entity1 via apoptosis, @entity0 were treated with vehicle or @entity5 (400 microg . kg-1 . h-1). Apoptotic cardiocytes (Apo) were identified in paraffin-embedded sections using terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated @entity3 nick end labeling. Results were confirmed using an independent ligase assay. Systolic blood pressures were comparable in @entity5 -treated and control @entity0 . Twenty-four hours of treatment with @entity5 resulted in significant numbers of Apo compared with control [7.9 +/- 2.5 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.3 (SE) cm-2, P < 0.05]. A cohort of animals was subjected to ventricular pacing to induce a @entity2 equivalent to that induced by @entity5 , and these animals did not show an increase in Apo. The @entity6 induced by 2 wk of abdominal aortic banding also increased Apo ( approximately 7. 2-fold); however, 24 h of @entity5 infusion did not induce additional Apo in these @entity0 . Thus @entity4 , in the absence of altered systolic load, induce Apo which is not mediated solely by @entity2 . @entity6 secondary to abdominal aortic banding is associated with Apo, but this does not increase sensitivity to @entity5 -induced Apo.

title: beta-adrenergic stimulation causes cardiocyte apoptosis: influence of XXXX and hypertrophy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity1 . Because radiographic contrast material given during a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the sella as part of the evaluation for @entity3 worsens @entity1 , we attempted to define the point at which @entity4 becomes an expected finding in @entity0 with @entity1 in this study. Of 59 patients with serum @entity2 levels of 1.5 to 12 mg/dL, 16 (27.1%) were hyperprolactinemic. Of these 16, nine were not taking medications known to raise @entity5 levels and their @entity5 levels were less than 100 ng/mL. In the eight @entity0 taking medications @entity5 levels were much higher. In one @entity0 the @entity5 level fell from 2,210 to 100 ng/mL when methyldopa was discontinued. In @entity0 with @entity1 @entity5 levels were similar regardless of the method of dialysis. We conclude that in the absence of medications known to affect @entity5 secretion, @entity4 occurs infrequently (18.3%) and, when it occurs, is mild (less than 100 ng/mL). Marked @entity4 may occur in @entity0 taking such medications. These should be stopped and the @entity5 level rechecked before a CT scan is performed.

title: @entity4 in XXXX with @entity1 and @entity1 requiring hemodialysis or chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the histories of extramedullary plasmacytoma @entity0 diagnosed in Slovenia between 1969 and 1999, to determine the relationship between radiotherapy (XRT) dose and @entity1 control, and to clarify the role of elective nodal XRT and the prognostic value of Bartl's histologic grading criteria (originally devised for @entity2 [ @entity2 ]). METHODS AND MATERIALS: The database of the Cancer Registry of Slovenia was used for the identification of @entity0 . The inclusion criteria were as follows: bone marrow biopsy showing less than 10% plasma cells, normal skeletal survey, and immunohistochemically determined @entity1 monoclonality. Simulation/portal films were reviewed to assess the extent of elective nodal XRT. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity0 with 31 @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In 4 @entity0 , nine metachronously appearing solitary @entity1 were diagnosed. The head-and-neck region and other body sites were the sites of origin of primary @entity1 in 84% and 16% of @entity0 , respectively, whereas in the two regions, regional disease was seen in 15% and 60% of @entity0 , respectively. Therapy was as follows: XRT, 12 @entity0 ; surgery and postoperative XRT, 15 @entity0 ; and surgery, 4 @entity0 . Ultimate local and regional control rates were 90% and 97%, respectively, and @entity2 developed in 2 (8%) @entity0 . The 10-year disease-specific and overall survival rates were 87% and 61%, respectively. The analysis of the dose-effect relationship showed that more conservative treatment is justified: for macroscopic disease, 40-50 Gy (2 Gy/day), adjusted to the bulk of disease; for microscopic disease, 36-40 Gy; after R0 surgery, no XRT is required, but close observation is needed. No attempts should be made to treat uninvolved nodal regions. Using Bartl's histologic grading criteria, trends were detected in @entity0 with higher @entity1 grades: regional lymph node involvement (p = 0.04) and shorter disease-specific survival (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is a highly curable disease when XRT is used with or without previous surgery. The rate of conversion to @entity2 is low. Moderate-dose XRT using limited fields is recommended. The prognostic value of Bartl's grading system needs further evaluation.

title: XXXX : clinical and histopathologic study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have previously reported the use of an atriopericardial or "sutureless" repair for surgical management of postoperative @entity2 . The potential of avoiding geometric distortion of pulmonary venous suture lines and preventing post-repair @entity2 encouraged us to extend the use of this technique for primary "simple" @entity3 repair. METHODS: Between January 1997 and July 2009, 57 consecutive @entity0 (median age, 15 days; median weight, 3.4 kg) underwent sutureless or @entity3 repair. RESULTS: Types of @entity3 included supracardiac in 31 @entity0 (54%), cardiac in 15 @entity0 (26%), and infracardiac in 11 @entity0 (19%). Median follow-up time was 2.9 years. Preoperative mean pulmonary vein score, a composite measure of stenosis in all 4 pulmonary veins, was 0.3/0-12, and @entity4 was found in 35 @entity0 (61.4%). A primary sutureless repair was carried out in 21 @entity0 (36.8%; supracardiac, n  =  12; cardiac, n  =  4; infracardiac, n  =  5). The sutureless repair group had proportionally greater high-risk @entity3 (24% vs 16%, P  =  .05). Primary outcomes of @entity1 or reoperation for @entity2 and postoperative pulmonary vein scores (0.2    0.7 vs 0.7    1.7, P  =  .26) were not different between the techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The sutureless repair group had proportionally more @entity3 and a higher rate of decline in postoperative right ventricular systolic pressure. Despite increased preoperative risk, no difference was observed in primary outcomes of @entity1 and reoperation in the conventional repair group.

title: Primary sutureless repair for "simple" XXXX : midterm results in a single institution.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In @entity1 circulating @entity3 levels are not elevated, but high intraadipose @entity3 concentrations have been implicated. @entity7 dehydrogenase type 1 (11HSD1) catalyzes the conversion of inactive @entity4 to active @entity3 , thus amplifying @entity6 ( @entity6 ) activation. In cohorts of @entity0 and @entity0 , we have shown increased ex vivo 11HSD1 activity in sc adipose tissue associated with in vivo @entity1 and insulin resistance. Using these biopsies, we have now validated this observation by measuring 11HSD1 and @entity6 mRNA and examined the impact on intraadipose @entity3 concentrations, putative glucocorticoid regulated adipose target gene expression ( @entity5 and leptin), and systemic measurements of @entity3 metabolism. From aliquots of sc adipose biopsies from 16 @entity0 and 16 @entity0 we extracted RNA for real-time PCR and @entity2 for immunoassays. Adipose 11HSD1 mRNA was closely related to 11HSD1 activity [standardized beta coefficient (SBC) = 0.58; P < 0.01], and both were positively correlated with parameters of @entity1 (e.g. for BMI, SBC = 0.48; P < 0.05 for activity, and SBC = 0.63; P < 0.01 for mRNA) and insulin sensitivity (log fasting plasma insulin; SBC = 0.44; P < 0.05 for activity, and SBC = 0.33; P = 0.09 for mRNA), but neither correlated with urinary @entity3 / @entity4 metabolite ratios. Adipose GR-alpha and @entity5 mRNA levels were not associated with @entity1 or insulin resistance, but leptin mRNA was positively related to 11HSD1 activity (SBC = 0.59; P < 0.05) and tended to be associated with parameters of @entity1 (BMI: SBC = 0.40; P = 0.09), fasting insulin (SBC = 0.65; P < 0.05), and 11HSD1 mRNA (SBC = 0.40; P = 0.15). Intraadipose @entity3 (142 +/- 30 nmol/kg) was not related to 11HSD1 activity or expression, but was positively correlated with plasma @entity3 . These data confirm that @entity1 is associated with transcriptional up-regulation of 11HSD1 in adipose, which is not detected by conventional in vivo measurements of urinary @entity3 metabolites and is not accompanied by dysregulation of @entity6 . Although this may drive a compensatory increase in leptin synthesis, whether it has an adverse effect on intraadipose @entity3 concentrations and GR-dependent gene regulation remains to be established.

title: Local and systemic impact of transcriptional up-regulation of XXXX dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue in @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Interpersonal violence continues to be a problem in the United States, most prominent in the inner-city minority young @entity0 population. The medical approach of "treat 'em and street 'em" philosophy has led to foregoing the psychosocial needs of injured young @entity0 . This study describes a program to link young @entity0 who are victims of interpersonal violence to a healthcare system and a social service agency in an effort to meet their psychosocial needs. An unvalidated screening tool was developed by a team consisting of an EP, social worker, and public health scientist to determine the young victims' psychosocial needs. @entity0 aged 10 to 24 years who were victims of interpersonal violence (excluding @entity0 abuse, sexual assault, and domestic violence) were randomly assigned in the study. The control group was given a list of services and the treatment group received an assessment, case management, and referral to appropriate resources. The study site was a community, teaching level 1 @entity1 center. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Numbers of referrals in both groups were counted and compared using SPSS (version 10, Chicago, IL). One hundred eighty-eight victims of interpersonal violence were enrolled. A total of 82.5% were male, 65.4% were African American and 31.4% were Hispanic. At the end of 6 months, 78 of the 96 young @entity0 (81.3%) in the treatment group made one or more contacts with their case manager and made use of social service, healthcare, and other referrals. Education (21.6%), job readiness (19.1%), and mental health (11.9%) were the most frequently used services. Nine of the 92 (9.8%) in the control group used services; most of these referrals were for social services (7 of 9 respondents) and the others were healthcare-related. The difference in utilization of services between the treatment and the control groups were found to be significant different (95% confidence interval, 1.41-1.55, significance =.00), and there was a strong positive correlation of using services and case management (Pearson coefficient = 0.728, significance =.00). The referral of young victims of violence from the @entity2 to psychosocial services could be successful using a case management model and an alliance between a healthcare system and a social service agency.

title: Violence prevention in the @entity2 : linkage of the XXXX to a social service agency.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated how cigarette smoking and @entity1 use predict disability retirement. METHODS: Data from the longitudinal nationwide Finnish Twin Cohort study were analyzed, with clustered study design applied when computing 95% confidence intervals (CI). The sample included 21,719 individuals. Smoking and @entity1 use were assessed with a questionnaire in 1975. Registry data on retirement events up till end of 2004 were obtained from the Social Insurance Institution and the Finnish Centre for Pensions. RESULTS: Disability pension was granted to 4251 @entity0 . Among @entity0 , adjusted for age and @entity1 use, former (HR=1.45, 95%CI 1.28, 1.65, p<.001) and daily smokers (HR=1.93, 95%CI 1.71, 2.17, p<.001) showed @entity2 pension risk compared to never smokers. Among @entity0 , daily smokers (HR=1.25, 95%CI 1.11, 1.40, <.001) had elevated risk. The age and smoking adjusted risk estimates for @entity1 were elevated among abstainers ( @entity0 HR=1.41, 95%CI 1.21, 1.65, p<.001; @entity0 HR=1.36, 95%CI 1.23, 1.52, p<.001) and heavy drinkers ( @entity0 HR=1.30, 95%CI 1.18, 1.43, p<.001; @entity0 HR=1.34, 95%CI 1.04, 1.72, p=.026). Those being persistent smokers and binge drinkers had over three-fold disability risk compared to those who were binge drinkers but had only a few smoking years ( @entity0 : HR=3.32, 95%CI 2.43, 4.54, p<.001; @entity0 : HR=4.05, 95%CI 2.05, 8.00, p<.001). Among @entity0 and @entity0 who were not binge drinkers, longer smoking duration was needed for @entity2 risk. CONCLUSIONS: Both smoking and excess @entity1 use significantly predict disability retirement. In order to extend working careers, more attention should be paid to health behaviors, in addition to working conditions.

title: Cigarette smoking and XXXX use as predictors of disability retirement: A population-based cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To update recommendations for the treatment of @entity4 with biological therapies, endorsed by the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology ( @entity5 ). METHODS: These treatment recommendations were formulated by Portuguese rheumatologists based on literature evidence and consensus opinion. At a national meeting the 16 recommendations included in this document were discussed and updated. The level of agreement among Portuguese Rheumatologists was assessed using an online survey. A draft of the full text of the recommendations was then circulated and suggestions were incorporated. A final version was again circulated before publication. RESULTS: A consensus was achieved regarding the initiation, assessment of response and switching biological therapies in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Specific recommendations were developed for several disease domains: peripheral @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity3 and dactylitis. CONCLUSION: These recommendations may be used for guidance in deciding which @entity0 with @entity4 should be treated with biological therapies. They cover a rapidly evolving area of therapeutic intervention. As more evidence becomes available and more biological therapies are licensed, these recommendations will have to be updated.

title: PORTUGUESE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES IN XXXX WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS - 2015 UPDATE.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic markers of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) can facilitate diagnosis of @entity3 during routine upper GI endoscopy. We studied their sensitivity for @entity1 in a large series of @entity0 undergoing GI endoscopy specifically for duodenal biopsy. Poor sensitivity in this setting would have significant and adverse implications for their performance during routine endoscopy. METHODS: All @entity0 with @entity1 on duodenal biopsy performed for positive serum endomysial antibody (EmA) and/or clinical features suggestive of @entity3 were included. The second part of duodenum was inspected carefully for endoscopic markers using videogastroscopes. RESULTS: Of 129 @entity0 studied, 99 (77%) had at least one endoscopic markers. The most commonly seen marker were a mosaic pattern mucosa (68 @entity0 , 53%) and scalloping of duodenal folds (74 @entity0 , 57%). The prevalence of markers was significantly lower for partial @entity1 (15 of 26 @entity0 , 58%) than for subtotal or total @entity1 (84 of 103 @entity0 , 82%) (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic markers have disappointing sensitivity even in a population at high risk of @entity3 , particularly for partial @entity1 . Their performance may be even poorer in an unselected dyspeptic population. Although they may help improve diagnosis rates among @entity0 with nonspecific @entity2 , many @entity0 , particularly those with milder @entity5 , will be missed. As @entity3 is an important cause of @entity4 , consideration should be given to serological screening to further improve diagnosis rates, as few centers will have the resources to routinely biopsy all @entity0 .

title: Disappointing sensitivity of endoscopic markers for XXXX in a high-risk population: implications for @entity3 diagnosis during routine endoscopy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have previously shown that metastatic @entity1 of unknown primary site overexpress several @entity0 markers as well as the products of the oncogenes @entity2 , ras and @entity5 . We analyzed the tissue expression of the protein products of the apoptosis modulation genes @entity4 and @entity3 in 47 CUP cases. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded @entity0 specimens were stained with commercially available antibodies to @entity4 (DO7) and @entity3 after antigen retrieval by the microwave method. Staining was evaluated by intensity (1+ to 3+), percentage of positive cells (1-100%), and the 'intensity times percentage' product defined as the immunoreactivity index with values ranging from 0 to 300. Immunoreactivity index values higher than 150 were considered to characterize protein over-expression. Expression of @entity4 was identified in 70.2% of @entity0 while 53% of them showed a high immunoreactivity index. @entity3 expression was detected in 65% of @entity0 and overexpressed in 40%. Overexpression of both proteins was detected in 20% of @entity0 . The detection of either protein was not associated with any of the major clinicopathological variables studied. Nevertheless, a trend towards a more favourable response to platin based chemotherapy was seen in the cases that showed a strong expression of both proteins, when analysed by immunoreactivity index and percentage of positive cells. We conclude that CUP overexpress at a high percentage the @entity4 and the @entity3 proteins. The observed weak association of strong expression of these proteins with response to platin-based chemotherapy deserves further evaluation in the CUP setting.

title: @entity3 and XXXX protein expression in @entity1 of unknown primary origin: biological and clinical implications. A Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Changing family structure (Joint to Nuclear), increased life expectancy above 60 years of age, generation and communication gap, financial dependency on @entity0 leads to conflict among family members. This may sometime lead to old age home settlement of elderly @entity0 . All these condition leads to isolation and insecurity among elderly @entity0 and this condition affect the mental status of elderly @entity0 which may sometime lead to @entity2 among Old Age Homes residents and family living elderly @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of @entity2 and diagnosed systemic morbidities among elderly @entity0 . To study the predictors of @entity2 among study subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly @entity0 (age >= 60 years) residing in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and in community/families in Lucknow, India. Multistage sampling technique was used to include required sample of subjects from the community and for @entity3 all the elderly @entity0 living in @entity3 were included. Geriatric @entity2 scale was used to screen @entity2 . RESULTS: @entity2 was 27.7% among elderly @entity0 residing in @entity3 while it was 15.6% those residing at their own homes. In community most frequent morbidity was @entity1 (17.7%) while 41.1% elderly @entity0 had no diagnosed morbidity. In @entity3 out of total the musculoskeletal morbidity (33.7%) was most frequent and 18.8% had no diagnosed morbidity. On multivariate analysis financial dependency and education were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: @entity2 was more common among elderly living in Old Age Homes as compare to those living in community. @entity1 , musculoskeletal morbidities and eye related morbidities were most frequent diagnosed morbidities. Financial Dependency _ Education were found to be primary predictors of @entity2 .

title: Screening XXXX Among Elderly in a City of Southeast Asia.

answer: @entity2