abstract: To investigate whether the @entity6 mutation increases the risk of @entity5 , we determined the presence of the @entity6 mutation in pathology material from two series of autopsies of @entity0 from the Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands. The first series consisted of consecutive autopsies in @entity5 were mentioned in the autopsy report; most @entity0 of this series had major underlying disease. The second series consisted of autopsies in @entity0 younger than age 70 in @entity5 were the sole cause of @entity2 and no major acquired risk factor for @entity1 was present. Extraction of DNA was done on newly prepared tissue from archival paraffin blocks. In the first series, the presence of @entity6 was determined in 44 @entity0 , 1 of whom carried the mutation (2.3 percent; 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 12.0 percent). This prevalence is not different from the general population prevalence in The Netherlands. In the second series, @entity6 could be determined in 30 @entity0 of whom 3 carried the mutation (10 percent; 95% confidence interval 2. to 26.5 percent), which would lead to a threefold relative risk. A large number of @entity0 with diverse psychiatric diagnoses was present in the second series (eleven). We conclude that in the presence of severe illness, the @entity6 mutation plays no additional role in the development of @entity5 . The relative risk of the very rare fatal @entity3 that is the sole cause of @entity2 might also be less than the relative risk for @entity4 in carriers of the @entity6 mutation.

title: @entity6 and fatal XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Previous data suggested interaction of @entity10 with interferon (IFN) in @entity11 and a possible effect of IFN in maintaining remission in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This study was designed to further examine the effect of IFN in the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity3 . Forty previously untreated @entity0 with performance status (PS) of 0-2 (Zubrod scale) were treated with @entity13 (100 mg/m2 for 3 days), @entity10 (25 mg/m2 for 3 days) (EP), and recombinant IFN-alpha2a (rIFN-alpha2a) (5 x 10(6) U/m2 for 3 days) for six cycles (induction), followed by rIFN-alpha2a (5 x 10(6) U/m2) thrice weekly and @entity15 (40 mg q.i.d.) as maintenance therapy for 6 months or until progressive disease or intolerable @entity2 was documented. @entity0 were 25 @entity0 (62%) and 15 @entity0 (38%), median age 58 (28-76), median Zubrod performance status 1 (0-2). Major sites of metastasis include liver (55%), bone (42%), bone marrow (25%), and adrenal gland (18%). Of 40 eligible @entity0 accrued to this trial, 35 were evaluable for response, and 37 were evaluable for @entity2 . There were 3 complete and 28 partial responses, for an overall response rate of 89%. With 39 of 40 @entity0 followed until @entity5 , median survival (Kaplan-Meier) is estimated at 46 weeks (95% CI range 35-55). Twenty @entity0 completed six cycles of induction, and 16 received maintenance therapy, median 2 cycles (range 1-3). Major @entity2 during induction included grade 4 @entity14 in 24%, grade 2-3 @entity6 or @entity7 or both in 41%, grade 2 @entity12 in 24%, grade 2 @entity9 in 22%, and grade 2-3 @entity4 in 9% of 175 total courses of chemotherapy administered. @entity2 during the maintenance phase was notable for grade 2-3 @entity12 in 43%, grade 2-3 @entity9 in 24%, grade 2-3 weight loss in 10%, and grade 3-4 @entity8 in 17% of 30 courses. There were no treatment-related @entity5 . The addition of rIFN-alpha2a to EP in induction chemotherapy of @entity1 @entity3 , followed by rIFN-alpha2a and @entity15 maintenance therapy, was reasonably well tolerated. The complete and overall response rates and duration of remission and survival appear to be similar to those generally obtained with EP alone in similar @entity0 .

title: Phase II trial of recombinant IFN-alpha2a with @entity13 / XXXX induction and interferon/ @entity15 maintenance in extensive @entity3 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: To improve research in cognitive theories of childhood @entity3 , a @entity0 version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-CV) has been developed (Coles et al., 2010). In the present study, psychometric properties of the Dutch OBQ-CV were examined in a community sample (N=547; 8-18 years) and an @entity3 sample (N=67; 8-18 years). Results revealed good internal consistency and adequate retest reliability (retest interval 7-21 weeks and 6-12 weeks, respectively). @entity0 with @entity3 reported more beliefs than non-clinical @entity0 . Obsessive beliefs were related to self-reported @entity3 symptoms, but not to clinician-rated @entity3 severity. Beliefs were also related to @entity1 and @entity2 . This is the first study examining the factor structure of the OBQ-CV. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed best fit for four factors representing Perfectionism/Certainty, Importance/Control of Thoughts, Responsibility, and Threat, and a higher-order factor. This is in line with results from adult samples. These results support the reliability and validity of the Dutch OBQ-CV.

title: Psychometric properties of a Dutch version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-- XXXX Version (OBQ-CV).

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the characteristics of swallowing and @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) compared to healthy controls, and whether a subjective swallowing questionnaire, the NIH-Speech Pathology swallowing questionnaire (NIH-SQ), can predict swallowing impairment. METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive @entity2 @entity0 underwent a swallowing assessment comprised of the NIH-SQ, ultrasound swallow study (US) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) study. Healthy controls (n  =  28) completed the NIH-SQ and the US. RESULTS: Ninety-six percent of the @entity0 with @entity2 reported at least one complaint in the NIH-SQ, 59% had abnormal dry swallow duration and 10% abnormal wet swallow duration. Twenty-three @entity0 with @entity2 had some abnormality on the @entity3 . The @entity3 category "piecemeal deglutition" (excessive @entity5 causing @entity3 required to clear a single bolus) was characteristic of @entity2 @entity0 . No aspiration was detected. No NIH-SQ cutoff score or combination of subjective complaints predicted an abnormal @entity3 . Fifty-two percent of the @entity0 had @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Swallowing and @entity1 are common in @entity0 with @entity2 and differ from those previously reported in @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity3 are characteristic features of our @entity2 @entity0 . Although the NIH-SQ cannot predict the results of the more objective @entity3 in this population, it characterizes the @entity0 ' major subjective swallowing complaints.

title: Swallowing disturbances in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, surgical outcomes of @entity0 with intramedullary @entity2 (IMSCT) have been improved due to advances of medicine. The purposes of our study were to evaluate the recent neurological outcomes after surgical treatment of IMSCTs. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 69 @entity0 who underwent surgical treatment for IMSCT in our hospital between 1998 and 2013. @entity0 's age, sex, histological origin and grade, @entity1 location, @entity1 extension, preoperative neurological state, initial presenting symptom, and extend of @entity1 resection were analyzed to evaluate predictive factors that affect postoperative functional outcome. RESULTS: The neurological states at last follow-up were improved in 16 @entity0 (23.2%), unchanged in 47 (68.1%), aggravated in 6 (8.7%). In all @entity0 , the functional outcomes were good in 52 @entity0 (75.4%), fair in 10 (14.5%), poor in 7 (10.1%). Preoperative good neurological state was the strongest positive predictor of good functional outcome (p<0.05). In @entity1 location, functional outcomes of @entity1 were poor than those in cervical and conus medullaris region (p=0.011). High-grade @entity1 shows poor outcome compare to low-grade @entity1 (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The most reliable predicting factor of surgical outcome was the preoperative neurological state. In addition, IMSCTs in thoracic region and high-grade @entity1 showed relatively bad outcome and had a risk of postoperative morbidity.

title: Neurological outcome after surgical treatment of intramedullary XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pancreatic resection has become a feasible treatment of @entity3 , and with improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative management, mortality associated with pancreatic surgery has decreased considerably. Despite this improvement, a high rate of complications is still associated with these procedures. Among these complications, delayed @entity2 (DGE) and postoperative @entity4 (POPF) have a substantial impact on @entity0 outcomes and burden our healthcare system. Technical modifications and postoperative approaches have been proposed to reduce rates of both POPF and DGE in @entity0 undergoing pancreatectomy; however, to date, their rates have remained unchanged. In the present study, we summarize the findings of the most significant studies that have investigated these complications. In particular, several studies focused on technical modifications including extent of dissection, stent placement, nature of @entity1 , type of reconstruction, and application of biological or non-biological agents to site of @entity1 . Moreover, postoperatively, drain placement, duration of drain usage, postoperative feeding, and use of pharmacological agents were studied to reduce rates of POPF and DGE. In this review, we summarize the most relevant literature on this fundamental aspect of pancreatic surgery. Despite studies identifying the potential benefit of technical modifications and postoperative approaches, these findings remain controversial and suggest need for further extensive investigation. Most importantly, we recommend that all surgeons performing these procedures base their practice on the most updated and highest available level of evidence.

title: @entity4 and Delayed XXXX After Pancreatectomy: Where do We Stand?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have generally poor stereopsis; however, it is not clear whether they can see the recently developed 3-D images stereoscopically. We investigated the ability of postoperative @entity2 @entity0 to have stereoscopic perception of 3-D attraction images which have large crossed disparities, and also 3-D movies which have generally small uncrossed disparities. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity2 @entity0 (infantile @entity2  =  12, late-onset @entity2  =  15) were examined postoperatively. They were examined with the 4-dot test, Titmus @entity1 test, and questionnaires to determine whether they had stereoscopic vision when observing 3-D attraction images and 3-D movies. McNemar tests were used for statistical evaluations. RESULTS: The number of @entity0 who passed the Titmus @entity1 test was smaller than the number that were able to see 3-D attraction images stereoscopically ( @entity1 test 13; 48  %, 3-D attraction 22; 81  %; P  =  0.016). However, the number was not significantly different from that of those who could perceive 3-D movies stereoscopically. The number of @entity0 who passed the Titmus @entity1 test was significantly smaller than the number who can perceive 3-D attraction images stereoscopically in the infantile @entity2 group ( @entity1 test 2, 17  %, 3-D attraction 10, 83  %; P  =  0.013) but was not different in the late-onset @entity2 group postoperatively. The minimum angle of fusion for the 4-dot test was smaller in the Titmus @entity1 -positive @entity0 than in the Titmus @entity1 -negative @entity0 (P  =  0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity0 who cannot pass the Titmus @entity1 test might be able to experience 3-D attractions stereoscopically but not be able to see 3-D movies stereoscopically.

title: Stereoscopic perception of 3-D images by @entity0 after surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gout is a common arthritic disease resulting from elevated serum @entity0 (SUA) level. A large meta-analysis including 28,141 individuals identified nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with altered SUA level in a Caucasian population. However, raised SUA level alone is not sufficient for the development of @entity1 and most of these SNPs have not been studied in a Han Chinese population. Here, we performed a case-control association analysis to investigate the relationship between these SUA correlated SNPs and @entity1 in Han Chinese. METHODS: A total of 622 ascertained gout p9atients and 917 healthy controls were genotyped. Genome-wide significant SNPs, @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity11 , @entity12 , @entity13 and @entity14 in the previous SUA study, were selected for our analysis. RESULTS: No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed either in the case or control cohorts (corrected p   >   0.05). Three SNPs, @entity6 (located in @entity4 , corrected p   =   1.78E(-4), OR   =   0.723), @entity11 (located in @entity7 , corrected p   =   1.39E(-7), OR   =   0.572) and @entity14 (located in @entity5 , corrected p   =   0.007, OR   =   0.747), were significantly associated with gout on allelic level independent of potential cofounding traits. While the remaining SNPs were not replicated. We also found significant associations of @entity0 concentrations with these three SNPs ( @entity6 in @entity4 , corrected p   =   3.94E(-5); @entity11 in @entity7 , corrected p   =   0.005; @entity14 in @entity5 , corrected p   =   0.003) and of @entity2 with @entity6 (located in @entity4 , corrected p   =   2.96E(-4)). Unfortunately, @entity3 -SNP interactions for these three significant SNPs were not detected ( @entity6 vs @entity11 , p   =   0.402; @entity6 vs @entity14 , p   =   0.434; @entity11 vs @entity14 , p   =   0.143). CONCLUSIONS: Three SUA correlated SNPs in Caucasian population, @entity6 in @entity4 , @entity11 in @entity7 and @entity14 in @entity5 were confirmed to be associated with @entity1 and @entity0 concentrations in Han Chinese males. Considering genetic differences among populations and complicated pathogenesis of @entity1 , more validating tests in independent populations and relevant functional experiments are suggested in future.

title: Polymorphisms in XXXX , @entity7 and @entity5 were associated with phenotype gout in Han Chinese males: a case-control study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the intellectual and language functions of @entity0 of mothers with @entity2 (CME) with that of controls matched for age and socioeconomic status. METHODS: Cases were CME, aged six years or more (n = 71), drawn from a prospective cohort in the Kerala Registry of @entity2 and Pregnancy. Controls were 201 @entity0 of parents without @entity2 , matched for age and socioeconomic status. The outcome measures included Indian adaptation of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity0 and @entity4 -a locally developed proficiency test for regional language. All relevant data were abstracted from the registry records. RESULTS: The Full Scale IQ and @entity4 scores were significantly lower for the cases (87.7 +/- 22.6 and 73.4 +/- 17.3) compared to controls (93.0 +/- 14.4 and 83.2 +/- 11.8). Compared to controls, CME scored poor on all subtests of @entity4 but their impairment was confined to only some of the subtests of IQ. Maternal education and maternal IQ significantly correlated with @entity1 and @entity4 scores for CME whereas type of @entity2 , @entity3 during pregnancy or low birth weight did not have any significant association with these outcome measures. Polytherapy and higher dosage of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were associated with significant impairment in outcome measures. @entity0 with low developmental quotient at one year of age continued to have low scores on outcome measures at six years. CONCLUSIONS: Low maternal IQ, maternal education, and antenatal AED exposure were associated with significant impairment of intellectual and language functions for CME at six years.

title: Intellectual and language functions in XXXX of mothers with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: The role of race/ethnicity in survival of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is unclear, with some studies reporting poorer survival among minority @entity0 and others reporting equivalent survival across race/ethnicity in the modern, risk-stratified treatment era. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between race/ethnicity and survival in a large, population-based analysis of incident @entity2 cases in the United States. DESIGN, POPULATION, AND SETTING: This study included 4952 individuals diagnosed with @entity2 between 1973 and 1999 at age 19 years or younger. @entity2 cases were identified from 9 population-based registries of the National @entity1 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival probabilities were compared among white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaskan Native @entity0 . Kaplan-Meier curves and proportional hazard ratios from Cox regression analysis were calculated, accounting for treatment era (1973-1982, 1983-1989, and 1990-1999), age at diagnosis (<1, 1-9, and 10-19 years), and sex. RESULTS: Although overall 5-year survival probabilities improved with each successive treatment era, differences according to race/ethnicity persisted. For 1990-1999, 5-year survival was 84% for white @entity0 , 81% for Asian/Pacific Islander @entity0 , 75% for black @entity0 , and 72% for both American Indian/Alaskan Native @entity0 and Hispanic @entity0 . The largest difference by race/ethnicity was observed among @entity0 diagnosed between ages 1 and 9 years. Compared with white @entity0 , after adjusting for treatment era, age at diagnosis, and sex, @entity0 of black, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaskan Native descent had hazard ratios of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.0-2.2; P =.03), 1.83 (95% CI, 1.4-2.4; P<.001), and 1.90 (95% CI, 0.8-4.6; P =.16). CONCLUSIONS: Black, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaskan Native @entity0 with @entity2 have worse survival than white and Asian/Pacific Islander @entity0 , even in the contemporary treatment era. Future work must delineate the social and biological factors, including any differences in pharmacokinetics associated with chemotherapeutic agents, that account for disparities in outcome.

title: Survival variability by race and ethnicity in childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The optimal chemoradiation regimen for @entity1 ( @entity8 ) has not been determined. In this phase I/II study, the use of twice-weekly @entity9 concomitant with weekly @entity6 and thoracic radiotherapy (RT) was evaluated. @entity0 with @entity1 (without @entity7 or @entity12 ) were treated with @entity10 (60 Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks) with concurrent weekly @entity6 20 mg/m(2) and escalating doses of twice-weekly @entity9 (starting dose of @entity9 of 20 mg/m(2) increased in increments of 5 mg/m(2)) in successive cohorts of three to six @entity0 until two or more @entity0 experienced dose limiting @entity2 (DLTs) at a particular dose level. All @entity0 were planned to be given a further two cycles of consolidation chemotherapy consisting of @entity9 175 mg/m(2) and @entity11 AUC 5 after completion of RT. Twenty-five @entity0 were enrolled in this study from two institutions. At a dose of @entity9 35 mg/m(2), two of four treated @entity0 had DLTs (1 grade 3 @entity4 and @entity5 ; 1 grade 3 @entity4 and @entity3 ). The recommended dose was therefore determined to be 30 mg/m(2) and a total of 15 @entity0 were enrolled in an expanded cohort at this level. The overall response rate for all @entity0 was 64% (95% CI: 43-82%). The estimated median survival was 23.6 months with an estimated 1-year and 2-year survival of 72 and 49%, respectively. @entity9 can be safely given twice-weekly at a dose of 30 mg/m(2) in combination with weekly @entity6 (20 mg/m(2)) and @entity10 (60 Gy), and this regimen has significant activity in @entity1 .

title: Phase I/II study of concurrent twice-weekly @entity9 and weekly XXXX with radiation therapy for @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We have previously reported that @entity2 , an actin-binding protein, plays an important role in phagocyte functions, such as respiratory burst, phagocytosis, and @entity1 . On the other hand, it was recently found that @entity4 ( @entity4 ) phosphorylates @entity2 . In this work, we investigated the roles of @entity4 in activated phagocytes. The results of immunostaining showed that in dormant phagocytes the endogenous @entity4 was diffusely distributed in the cytosol of macrophage-like U937 cells, and when activated by opsonized zymosan (OZ), it was translocated to plasma membranes. Green fluorescence protein (GFP)-conjugated @entity4 was expressed in the phagocytes, and the GFP-positive cells were isolated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The isolated wild-type @entity4 -overexpressing cells produced @entity0 at a rate that was 3.2-fold higher than that of only GFP-expressing control cells, whereas the respiratory burst of dominant negative @entity4 ( @entity5 )-expressing cells decreased to 31% of that of the control cells. Phagocytic activity monitored by using @entity3 -labeled OZ was also decreased in the @entity5 -expressing cells. By immunoblotting using a specific anti-phosphorylated @entity2 antibody, it was revealed that in the OZ-activated wild-type @entity4 -GFP-expressing cells, the phosphorylated @entity2 increased by 2.3-fold, and that in the OZ-activated @entity5 -GFP-expressing cells, the phosphorylated @entity2 decreased to 47% of that of only GFP-expressing cells (mock control). Furthermore, in the wild-type @entity4 -expressing cells, OZ-evoked increase in filamentous actin was markedly enhanced, whereas in the dominant negative @entity4 -expressing cells, the total level of F-actin was strongly suppressed. These results suggest that @entity4 regulates the functions of phagocytes through phosphorylation of @entity2 and enhances the formation of filamentous actin.

title: LIM kinase 1 modulates opsonized zymosan-triggered activation of macrophage-like U937 cells. Possible involvement of phosphorylation of XXXX and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: Severe @entity3 is a potentially lethal complication after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic @entity2 (EPBD) for @entity5 . This study aimed to evaluate the impact of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants on this complication. @entity0 and methods: @entity0 who underwent EST and EPBD were identified in a Japanese nationwide administrative database covering 1090 hospitals. Adjusting for other potential risk factors, we evaluated the association between oral administration of antiplatelet agents and/or anticoagulants (continuation, discontinuation, and non-use) and clinically significant @entity3 within 3 days of the procedure. Results: In total, 61002 @entity0 were analyzed (EST, 54493 @entity0 ; EPBD, 6509). The rate of severe @entity3 was 0.8% in both groups, but EPBD was performed more frequently than EST in @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity4 , and in those receiving antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. The impact of continuation/discontinuation of antiplatelet agents on severe @entity3 was not statistically significant in the EST or EPBD groups. The use of anticoagulants was associated with a statistically significant increase in severe @entity3 compared with non-use for EST (1.6% 27 of 1688 @entity0 vs. 0.8% 429 of 52 805 @entity0 ; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-2.63) and for EPBD (3.0% [8 of 263 @entity0 ] vs. 0.7% 46 of 6246 @entity0 ; adjusted OR 2.91; 95%CI 1.36-6.24). Conclusions: EST and EPBD can be safely performed in patients receiving antiplatelet agents. Users of anticoagulants are at high risk of @entity3 , and the periprocedural management of these should be further investigated.

title: Bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy or XXXX among users of antithrombotic agents.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to determine which parsimonious combination of @entity4 ( @entity4 )-based biomarkers most efficiently predicts oncologic outcomes in @entity0 undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Using our institutional RC database (1992-2012), nine @entity4 -based markers (including both absolute cell counts and ratios) were evaluated based on pre-treatment measurements. The outcome measures were @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity1 -specific survival (CSS), and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Time-dependent receiver-operating characteristics curves were used to characterise each biomarker. The @entity4 -based biomarkers, along with several clinical predictors, were then considered for inclusion in predictive multivariable Cox models based on the Akaike Information Criterion. RESULTS: Our cohort included 418 @entity0 . Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was the only biomarker satisfying criteria for inclusion into all models, independently predicting @entity3 (HR per 1-log unit=1.52, 95% CI=1.17-1.98, P=0.002), CSS (HR=1.47, 95% CI=1.20-1.80, P<0.001), and @entity3 (HR=1.56, 95% CI=1.16-2.10, P=0.004). Haemoglobin was also independently predictive of CSS (HR per 1   g/dl=0.91, 95% CI=0.86-0.95, P<0.001) and @entity3 (HR=0.90, 95% CI=0.88-0.93, P<0.001), but not @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity4 biomarkers studied, NLR was the most efficient marker for predicting @entity3 , whereas NLR and haemoglobin were most efficient in predicting CSS and @entity3 . NLR and haemoglobin are promising, cost-effective, independent biomarkers for predicting oncologic @entity2 outcomes following RC. CONDENSED ABSTRACT: Various @entity4 -based biomarkers have separately been shown to be predictive of oncologic outcomes in @entity0 undergoing cystectomy for @entity2 . Our study evaluated these biomarkers, and determined that NLR is the best @entity4 -based biomarker for predicting @entity3 , whereas NLR and haemoglobin are most efficient for predicting CSS and @entity3 .

title: Identification of the best XXXX -based predictors for @entity2 outcomes in @entity0 undergoing radical cystectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Although great advances have been made in both radiological diagnosis and antibiotic therapy of microbial infections, the treatment of @entity4 remains a major clinical challenge. Many of the @entity0 affected are referred to spinal units with long delays. The general population is ageing and the number of immunocompromised @entity0 , as well as the number of operative procedures for @entity3 are increasing. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical presentations of @entity4 , options for their diagnosis, indications for treatment and their risk factors and the results of surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The group of 112 @entity0 evaluated after the treatment of spinal infection comprised 63 @entity0 and 49 @entity0 at an average age of 59.4 years (range, 17 to 84). The average follow-up was 3.2 years (range, 6 months to 8 years). Of these, 82 @entity0 had primary @entity4 , 29 had @entity4 ,and one had an infected @entity9 wound. Thirty-six @entity0 showed @entity2 and six were paraplegic. The diagnostic methods included FBC, CRP and EST tests, examination of blood cultures, aspirates and biopsy samples from the infected site, bone scintigraphy, MRI and CT scanning. Indications for surgery included an infection not responding to conservative treatment,with existing or impending spinal instability, and with or without @entity2 . The surgical management involved transpedicular @entity7 , wound debridement from the posterior approach and instrumented spondylodesis. Surgery which included spinal decompression with radical excision of infected tissue was augmented with posterolateral instrumented fusion and/or anterior stabilization, as indicated. RESULTS: Of the 112 @entity0 treated, seven died of uncontrollable @entity5 after surgery; the remaining 105 were followed up. Another four @entity0 died of causes unrelated to the spinal problem treated within 12 months. All @entity0 recovered except for two in whom the infection persisted, but 13 required more than one surgical procedure. One @entity0 with CSF leakage failed to heal after five interventions. The most frequently isolated infectious agents were @entity8 , Staphylococus epidermidis and @entity6 . Of the 33 @entity0 with @entity2 , 24 improved by one or two Frankel grades. The neurological status of six paraplegic @entity0 did not improve, but their functional findings did after stabilization of the spine. Clinical evaluation showed 47 (44.7 %) very good, 40 (38 %) good, eight (7.6 %) unchanged and 10 (9.5 %) poor outcomes. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis is a prerequisite for good treatment outcomes. Clinical examination, results of laboratory tests, and scintigraphy and MRI findings play the key role. When progressing osteolysis is suspected, a CT scan is necessary. Debridement should be as radical as possible, but always in compliance with the @entity0 's health state. At an advanced @entity1 , spinal stabilization is important because it allows us to remove infected tissue. Intravenous and then oral antibiotic therapy at 2 to 4 and 6 to 12 weeks of follow-up is mandatory. The management of @entity4 is a complex process requiring good multidisciplinary cooperation.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Initial Phase I/II results using balloon brachytherapy to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) in 2 days in @entity1 with @entity0 are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2004 and August 2007, 45 @entity1 received adjuvant radiation therapy after lumpectomy with balloon brachytherapy in a Phase I/II trial delivering 2800 cGy in four fractions of 700 cGy. @entity4 were evaluated using the National @entity3 Institute Common @entity4 Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 scale and cosmesis was documented at >or=6 months. RESULTS: The median age was 66 years (range, 48-83) and median skin spacing was 12 mm (range, 8-24). The median follow-up was 11.4 months (5.4-48 months) with 21 @entity1 (47%) followed >or=1 year, 11 (24%) >or=2 years, and 7 (16%) >or=3 years. At <6 months (n = 45), Grade II @entity4 rates were 9% radiation @entity6 , 13% @entity11 , 2% @entity2 , and 2% @entity8 . Grade III @entity11 was reported in 13% (n = 6). At >or=6 months (n = 43), Grade II @entity4 rates were: 2% radiation @entity6 , 2% induration, and 2% @entity10 . Grade III @entity11 was reported in 2%. Infection was 13% (n = 6) at <6 months and 5% (n = 2) at >or=6 months. Persistent @entity7 >or=6 months was 30% (n = 13). @entity9 developed in 4 cases (2 symptomatic). Rib @entity5 were seen in 4% (n = 2). Cosmesis was good/excellent in 96% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with balloon brachytherapy using a 2-day dose schedule resulted acceptable rates of Grade II/III chronic @entity4 rates and similar cosmetic results observed with a standard 5-day accelerated partial breast irradiation schedule.

title: Phase I/II study evaluating early tolerance in XXXX @entity1 undergoing accelerated partial breast irradiation treated with the mammosite balloon breast brachytherapy catheter using a 2-day dose schedule.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Interactions between neurotransmitters and immunomodulators within the central nervous system may be functionally relevant for communication between the immune system and the brain. Previous studies indicate that cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) alter activity of the serotonergic system at multiple levels. This study tested the hypothesis that serotonergic activation modulates cytokine mRNA expression in brain. Serotonergic activation was induced by injecting @entity0 intraperitoneally (i.p.) prior to dark onset with the @entity1 precursor @entity7 ( @entity3 ; 100 mg/kg). Cytokine mRNA expression in discrete brain regions at selected time points was determined by means of ribonuclease protection assay. Plasma @entity4 concentrations were also measured to determine if the @entity2 is activated in response to this treatment, which potentially could exert feedback regulating cytokine message expression in brain. Plasma @entity4 was elevated for 4 h after @entity3 administration. At this time @entity6 mRNA expression was reduced in the hippocampus, @entity2 , and brainstem, and @entity5 mRNA was reduced in the hippocampus. Six hours after @entity3 injection, @entity5 mRNA increased in the @entity2 . These results show that activation of the serotonergic system affects cytokine message expression in @entity0 brain, possibly by actions of @entity4 .

title: Serotonergic activation stimulates the pituitary-adrenal axis and alters interleukin-1 mRNA expression in XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The International Agency for Research on @entity2 (IARC) classified diesel exhaust as carcinogenic to @entity0 (Group 1) and @entity7 exhaust as a possible carcinogen (Group 2B) based studies of @entity1 , however the evidence for other sites is limited. We addressed this question by investigating exposure to diesel and @entity7 emissions with respect to risk of @entity3 in @entity0 . METHODS: We used data from a population-based case-control study with incident cases of colon (n   =   931) and rectal (n   =   840) @entity2 and 1360 controls from 7 Canadian provinces conducted in 1994-1997. Lifetime occupational history and information on other risk factors was collected. Occupational hygienists, blinded to case-control status, assigned exposures to each job for 3 dimensions: concentration, frequency, and reliability. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95  % confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, province, use of proxy respondents, smoking, body-mass index, physical activity, intake of @entity4 , processed meats, and occupational exposure to asbestos and @entity6 . RESULTS: Among CRC cases, 638 (36  %) were exposed to diesel and 814 (46  %) were exposed to @entity7 emissions. Relative to the unexposed, elevated risks were observed among subjects ever exposed to high concentration levels of diesel emissions for @entity3 (OR   =   1.65, 95  % CI   =   0.98-2.80) and @entity2 (OR   =   1.98, 95  % CI   =   1.09-3.60), but not @entity5 . Prolonged (>10  years) exposure at high concentrations was also associated with high risks of @entity2 (OR   =   2.33 95  % CI   =   0.94-5.78; p-trend   =   0.02). No statistically significant associations were observed for @entity7 emissions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that sustained high-level exposure diesel emissions may increase the risk of @entity2 .

title: Workplace exposure to diesel and XXXX engine exhausts and the risk of @entity3 in Canadian @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise training (T) blunts functional deficits and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) @entity4 in @entity1 individuals. There is no information on T-induced temporal changes of brain RAS. We evaluate now the simultaneous effects of T on functional responses and time course changes in the expression/activity of brain RAS components in autonomic cardiovascular-controlling areas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) and age-matched normotensive controls (WKY) were trained for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Sedentary (S) groups served as time-controls. After arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) recordings at rest, fresh and fixed brains were harvested for qPCR and immunofluorescence assays. SHR-S vs. WKY-S exhibited higher mean AP (MAP) and HR, increased pressure variability and sympathetic activity, elevated @entity3 receptor ( @entity3 ) expression in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and higher Mas receptor expression in the rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM). In SHR, T promptly (T2 on) reduced sympathetic variability to heart/vessels and largely decreased angiotensinogen expression in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and NTS, with a late RVLM reduction (T4). @entity3 expression was only reduced at T12 (PVN and NTS) with transient, not maintained Mas receptor changes in PVN and RVLM. These responses were accompanied by @entity1 (from T4 on). In the SHR group, PVN angiotensinogen expression correlated positively with sympathetic activity, resting MAP and HR. In WKY-T, a precocious (T2-T12) RVLM @entity3 decrease preceded the appearance of resting @entity2 (from T8 on). CONCLUSIONS: Early and maintained reduction of angiotensinogen content in autonomic areas of the SHR is the most prominent effect of training on brain RAS. Down-regulation of PVN RAS expression is an essential factor to drive cardiovascular benefits in SHR-T, while resting @entity2 in WKY-T is correlated to RVLM @entity3 reduction.

title: Early Training-Induced Reduction of Angiotensinogen in Autonomic Areas-The Main Effect of Exercise on Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Roughly 10  % of @entity2 -positive individuals worldwide have concomitant chronic @entity1 ) infection, with large differences between geographical regions and/or risk groups. Hepatitis B is a preventable infection with vaccines. However, it cannot be eradicated once acquired, resembling @entity2 and in contrast with @entity3 . In developed countries, hepatitis B exhibits particular features in the @entity2 population. First, @entity1 infection is less frequently misdiagnosed than in the general population. Second, nucleos(t)ide analogs active against @entity1 are widely used as part of antiretroviral combinations and are taken by most @entity2 @entity0 . Lastly, as the @entity2 population ages given the success of antiretroviral therapy, non-AIDS co-morbidities are becoming a major cause of disease, for which specific drugs are required, increasing the risk of interactions and hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, concern on @entity1 reactivation is rising as immunosuppressive drug therapies are increasingly been used for cancers and other non-malignant conditions. In this scenario, new challenges are emerging in the management of hepatitis B in @entity2 -positive individuals. Among them, major interest is focused on failures to suppress @entity1 replication, @entity1 breakthroughs and reactivations, the meaning of isolated anti-HBc, screening for liver cancer, and the complexity arising when hepatitis viruses C and/or D are additionally present. This review will focus on these challenges and the major advances in @entity1 coinfection in @entity2 .

title: Emerging challenges in managing hepatitis B in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. @entity4 disorders are one of the most disabling, life-threatening, and the least understood syndromes associated with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity7 ( @entity7 ) receptors are a subgroup of the @entity6 receptor family, whose @entity8 subunit was found on neuronal cells (anti- @entity8 ) in @entity2 @entity0 with different types of @entity3 . The present study was conducted to determine the serum levels of anti- @entity8 antibodies in a large group of @entity5 @entity0 , to investigate the possible correlation between the presence of the @entity8 specific antibodies and @entity2 -related @entity4 disorders. Methods and Results. The study population consisted of 107 @entity5 @entity0 and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. 73 @entity5 @entity0 had active disease. 36 of these had @entity2 . @entity7 levels were measured by ELISA. Clinical and serological parameters were assessed according to routine procedures. The levels of anti- @entity8 antibodies were significantly higher in @entity2 @entity0 , compared with non- @entity2 @entity0 and healthy controls. Furthermore, the levels of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity4 disorders were shown to be higher than in those with @entity1 and other CNS symptoms, however, without significance. Increase in serum anti- @entity8 antibodies levels correlated to anti-dsDNA antibody and SLEDAI as well as complement levels. Conclusion. We suggest that anti- @entity8 antibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2 with @entity4 disorders.

title: Autoantibodies to XXXX Peptide of the @entity6 / @entity7 Receptor in @entity0 with @entity4 Disorders in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of reticulated platelets (RPs) in the diagnosis of @entity1 and the relationship between RPs and the proliferative degree of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in bone marrow. METHODS: With @entity8 orange as a fluorescent dye, RPs were measured by analyzing the RNA content in platelets with flow cytometry and the percent and absolute counts of RPs were calculated. RESULTS: (1) The percent and absolute counts of the RPs in a normal group were (8.4 +/- 2.5)% and (16.8 +/- 6.8) x 10(9)/L respectively. (2) As compared with the normal group, the @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 had a significantly high percent and low absolute counts of RPs (P < 0.01). In @entity0 with @entity2 , both the percent and absolute counts of RPs were at low levels (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). There was no difference of @entity7 percentage between the @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity3 syndromes and normal controls, but the absolute counts of RPs in the former was significantly lower than that in the latter. There was no difference between the percent and absolute counts of RPs among @entity4 @entity0 with different proliferative degree of @entity9 in bone marrow. (3) In all the diseases mentioned above, it was shown that @entity7 percentage returned to normal in the effective cases after treatment, but no such change was found in the ineffective cases. CONCLUSIONS: Reticulated platelet counts contribute to the aetiology determination of the @entity1 . It is also a valuable diagnostic method and a monitoring marker. There is no relationship between reticulated platelet counts and the counts of @entity9 proliferation in bone marrow.

title: [The value of reticulated platelet counts in diagnosing XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the clinicopathological features and results of surgery for @entity3 in elderly @entity0 aged   80 years relative to those aged   79 years, and to recommend the appropriate surgical treatment for elderly @entity0 . METHODOLOGY: A total of 332 @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent gastrectomy in our department between 2002 and 2012 were evaluated. Of these, 81 were aged   80 years (Group A) and 251 were aged   79 years (Group B). We compared surgical outcomes and survival in these two groups. RESULTS; @entity4 were associated with preoperative cormorbid disease(p<0.01). D2 and R0 resection was common in GroupB (p<0.01). @entity6 and hospital deaths were higher in Group A than in Group B. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B. Regarding Stage I disease, @entity5 was significantly lower in Group A; however, cause-specific survival was similar between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that radicality and @entity2 were independent prognostic factors for @entity5 in elderly @entity3 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity2 and other causes of @entity1 worsened the prognosis of elderly. Preoperative accurate judgment of co-morbid disease, meticulous postoperative management and follow up might be improved survival of @entity3 in elderly.

title: Comparison of XXXX surgery between @entity0 aged >80 years and <79 years: complications and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In vertebrates, the embryonic dorsal midline is a crucial signalling centre that patterns the surrounding tissues during development. Members of the FoxA subfamily of transcription factors are expressed in the structures that compose this centre. @entity5 is essential for dorsal midline development in mammals, since knock-out @entity1 embryos lack a definitive node, notochord and floor plate. The related gene foxA4 is only present in amphibians. Expression begins in the blastula - @entity6 and - @entity3 expressing centre (BCNE) and is later restricted to the dorsal midline derivatives of the Spemann's organiser. It was suggested that the early functions of @entity0 @entity4 are carried out by foxA4 in frogs, but functional experiments were needed to test this hypothesis. Here, we show that some important dorsal midline functions of @entity0 @entity4 are exerted by foxA4 in @entity2 . We provide new evidence that the latter prevents the respecification of dorsal midline precursors towards contiguous fates, inhibiting prechordal and paraxial mesoderm development in favour of the notochord. In addition, we show that foxA4 is required for the correct regionalisation and maintenance of the central nervous system. FoxA4 participates in constraining the prospective rostral forebrain territory during neural specification and is necessary for the correct segregation of the most anterior ectodermal derivatives, such as the cement gland and the pituitary anlagen. Moreover, the early expression of foxA4 in the BCNE (which contains precursors of the whole forebrain and most of the midbrain and hindbrain) is directly required to restrict anterior neural development.

title: FoxA4 Favours Notochord Formation by Inhibiting Contiguous Mesodermal Fates and Restricts Anterior Neural Development in XXXX Embryos.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The pathology and clinical features of 258 cases of mitral ring @entity8 were reviewed. The overall incidence in @entity0 over 50 years of age was 8.5%; it was more than twice as high in @entity0 (11.5%) as in @entity0 (4.5%) and rose sharply with age. @entity6 and systolic murmurs were each noted in over half the @entity0 . @entity2 was slightly commoner than in age- and sex-matched groups without ring @entity8 , although the difference was not statistically significant. Small nodules of @entity8 were more frequent in @entity0 and heavy deposits in @entity0 . Distortion and atrial displacement of the posterior mitral cusp was present in 26% of the hearts with early ring @entity8 , in 56% of the hearts with moderate, and in almost all hearts with marked changes. Systolic murmurs had been heard in 73% of these cases. ;Caseation' of the calcified ring was seen in seven hearts and @entity5 in three. @entity4 had ulcerated through the cusp in 12 cases, with @entity7 and/or @entity11 in five. @entity12 was present in 36% of @entity0 and was quantitatively related to the severity of mitral ring @entity8 . In @entity0 the incidence was 30% and there was no corresponding quantitative relationship. Microscopy showed nonspecific chronic inflammatory changes adjacent to @entity4 in about half the cases in both sexes, with foreign body type giant cells in 6%. Similar inflammatory changes in the valve cusp were almost twice as common in @entity0 as in @entity0 . There was no evidence that previous @entity10 was responsible for mitral ring @entity8 , neither did parity influence its incidence. Severe @entity3 was unrelated but severe @entity9 was commoner in @entity0 with calcified mitral rings. The difference, in @entity0 , was statistically significant. The higher incidence of severe degrees of ring @entity8 , complications, and @entity1 in @entity0 suggests a sex-determined difference in tissue response in the mitral area. Possible provoking factors apply to both sexes and both @entity6 , and such a difference would account for the relative frequency and sex incidence of mitral ring @entity8 .

title: Pathological and clinical study of XXXX of the mitral valve ring.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Immunohistochemical evaluation of @entity5 staining patterns has been considered as a complementary test for @entity6 in @entity3 -related @entity2 , but usefulness would be particularly important if it were a marker associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether abnormal @entity5 staining of the @entity1 correlated with @entity1 -related mortality in @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: An historical cohort study was designed to examine all @entity3 @entity0 who developed @entity2 between 1978 and 1997 and who had @entity1 tissue blocks available for staining. Tissue was recut and stained for abnormal @entity5 immunohistochemistry using the DO-7 antibody. @entity1 were considered to be @entity5 positive if at least 5% of nuclei in a high power field were positive for staining. RESULTS: Among 75 @entity0 entered in the study, 38 (50.7%) had @entity5 positive @entity1 . Fourteen @entity0 (36.8%) with @entity5 positive @entity1 died from @entity2 , compared to five (13.5%) with @entity5 negative @entity1 (p < 0.04, log-rank test). The adjusted relative risk of @entity1 -related @entity4 among @entity0 with @entity5 positive @entity1 was 3.03 (95% CI = 1.05-8.73). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal @entity5 immunohistochemistry of @entity1 is associated with a poor prognosis among @entity3 @entity0 who develop @entity2 . As such, @entity5 immunohistochemical staining could be a useful histological marker to complement routine histology in @entity1 surveillance programs in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Abnormal @entity5 immunohistochemistry is associated with an increased @entity2 -related mortality in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is commonly agreed to be the best imaging method for diagnosing and differentiating between @entity2 in the gastrointestinal tract. However, most of the current evidence for this derives from retrospective multicenter studies. A prospective multicenter analysis of the performance of EUS in diagnosing @entity2 in everyday practice was therefore conducted. METHODS: Over a 2-year period, this study included 150 @entity0 (52% @entity0 , mean age 59.8 years) from 23 centers who had a presumptive diagnosis of a @entity2 on upper @entity3 . The @entity0 ' symptoms and EUS results were recorded. Endoscopic and endosonographic findings regarding lesion size, layer of origin, and the presumptive diagnosis (benign or malignant) were recorded. The reference methods used were surgery, biopsy, other imaging tests, and a follow-up period of 6 months. RESULTS: Of the 150 @entity0 , 102 had an intramural lesion (84 @entity1 , 18 other lesions such as cysts, aberrant pancreas, etc.), and 48 had an extraluminal compression--in most cases (n = 35) by normal organs or structures. For differentiating between a submucosal and an extraluminal compression, the sensitivity and specificity of endoscopy were 87% and 29%, whereas those of EUS were 92% and 100%. However, the sensitivity and specificity of EUS for differentiating between @entity1 were only 64% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of EUS in differentiating between @entity1 and extraluminal compressions is substantially superior to that of endoscopy, but EUS is still inadequate for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant @entity1 . However, EUS is still the best method of visualizing @entity2 precisely. The influence of EUS on the further management in these @entity0 remains to be examined in subsequent studies.

title: Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography in upper XXXX : a prospective multicenter study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present treatments for kidney preservation in the management of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and to evaluate the functional outcome of preserved kidneys during the follow-up. @entity0 AND METHODS: The computerized files of @entity0 with @entity2 from 2000 to 2010 were reviewed. After initial resuscitation, ultrasonography-guided percutaneous tubes were placed for drainage of infected fluid and gas. A radio-isotopic renal scan was done after stabilization of the @entity0 ' condition. Preservation of the affected kidney was attempted when the differential function was >10%. A renal isotopic scan was taken during the follow-up to evaluate renographic changes in preserved kidneys. RESULTS: The study included 33 kidneys in 30 consecutive @entity0 (mean age 51.7  years, SD 10.9). Kidney preservation was applicable for 23 kidneys (20 @entity0 ). Preservation methods included percutaneous nephrostomy for 12, percutaneous tube drain for two and conservative treatment for nine kidneys (six @entity0 ). Nephrectomy was performed for 10 kidneys (emergency in three and delayed in seven). The frequency of post-treatment @entity1 after kidney preservation (10%) was significantly lower than after nephrectomy (20%, P  =  0.005). The overall mortality rate was 7% (two @entity0 ). The follow-up was completed for 13 @entity0 with 15 preserved kidneys for a mean duration of 21  months. During the follow-up, differential renographic clearance of the affected kidney was stable in 13 of 15 while two kidneys showed improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney preservation should be the primary goal in the treatment of @entity2 when the differential renal clearance is >10%. It was associated with fewer complications than nephrectomy and the follow-up showed a favourable functional outcome of the preserved kidneys.

title: Kidney preservation protocol for management of XXXX : Treatment modalities and follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The idea of @entity5 's specificity for @entity2 was proposed in Cade's original work in 1949. Since then, many controlled studies have been performed, examining @entity5 for treatment of @entity2 and other @entity0 conditions. This review was undertaken to determine if the suggestion of @entity5 's specificity has support in the controlled studies conducted after Cade's initial proposal. Studies were selected in a Medline search, dating back to 1966 and also identified from the bibliography of some of these papers. The controlled trials with @entity5 for the treatment of @entity2 and @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity4 were reviewed. The published studies with @entity5 in other @entity0 were also considered. Additionally, we reviewed literature on other therapeutic agents proposed for @entity2 , looking at their comparative effectiveness to @entity5 . The data analyzed give strong support for @entity5 's being most effective in @entity2 , with minimal or no therapeutic effects in other @entity0 . The neurochemical underpinnings of this specificity are being investigated, without conclusive findings to date. The study of this paradigm of specificity in neuropsychopharmacology research may lead to meaningful contributions to understanding the pathophysiology of @entity2 and may help to develop newer treatments for this condition.

title: The XXXX ion: a foundation for psychopharmacological specificity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 has a negative impact on the health of millions of adolescents and youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of @entity1 with @entity2 and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents and youth at risk for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: A total of 558 subjects aged 14-28 years were recruited from the Beijing @entity0 and @entity3 Syndrome Study. Each underwent a 2-h oral @entity4 tolerance test (OGTT), echocardiography, and liver ultrasonography. Anthropometric measures, blood levels of @entity4 , lipids, and liver enzymes were assessed. Subjects with high or low risk for @entity1 were identified by Berlin Questionnaire (BQ). RESULTS: Among the subjects in @entity2 , 33.7% of whom were likely to have @entity1 by BQ. Subjects with high risk for @entity1 had higher neck and waist circumference and fat mass percentage compared to those with low risk for @entity1 (P < 0.001). Moreover, significant differences in levels of lipids, @entity4 after OGTT, and liver enzymes, as well as echocardiographic parameters were found between the two groups with high or low risk for @entity1 (P < 0.05). The rates of @entity5 (71.0% vs. 24.2%), @entity3 (38.9% vs. 7.0%), and its components in high-risk group were significantly higher than in low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1 by BQ was high in @entity2 adolescents and youth. A high risk for @entity1 indicates a high cardiometabolic risk. Mechanisms mediating the observed associations require further investigation.

title: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is Associated with @entity3 among Adolescents and Youth in Beijing: data from Beijing XXXX and @entity3 Syndrome Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Paroxysmal exercise-induced @entity1 (PED) are @entity1 which manifest as @entity4 brought on by sustained exercise. @entity7 deficiency-induced EID was recently described by Olgiati et al. Our @entity0 is an 8-year-old @entity0 , who presented with intermittent episodes of @entity3 and contractions affecting the legs which were always brought on by vigorous exertion. They began with curling of the toes and flexion, followed by stiffening of gait. These episodes were asymmetric, uncomfortable and often began in the left leg, often spreading to the right leg. They generally lasted for about 30-40  min. The phenomenology was noted to be @entity4 affecting mostly the left leg, with equinus at the ankle and hyperextension at the knee. MRI of the brain showed regions of increased T2 and FLAIR signal and of T1 low signal in the globus pallidus bilaterally with mild diffusion restriction. Using Ambry's ExomeNext(TM), an integrated exome sequencing assay, the @entity0 was found to be heterozygous for alterations in the @entity7 gene: missense mutations in @entity8 ( @entity9 ) and @entity10 ( @entity6 ). After 3  months of treatment with a mitochondrial cocktail, the @entity0 reported that his attacks were somewhat less frequent and less severe. We decided to continue the @entity0 on the cocktail and prescribed @entity2 0.5  mg 1 tab to be given, as needed, for acute @entity4 episodes of severe degree. The missense mutation @entity10 has never been associated with PED before. Further, we present the first case of @entity5 -associated PED with initial symptomatic improvement with a mitochondrial cocktail.

title: @entity7 deficiency-associated paroxysmal exercise-induced XXXX : case presentation and initial benefit of intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Natural rubber ( @entity6 ) is an indispensable biopolymer used to manufacture diverse consumer products. Although a major source of natural rubber is the rubber tree ( @entity5 ), lettuce ( @entity3 ) is also known to synthesize natural rubber. Here, we report that an unusual cis-prenyltransferase-like 2 (CPTL2), which lacks the conserved motifs of conventional cis-prenyltransferase, is required for natural rubber biosynthesis in lettuce. CPTL2, identified from the lettuce rubber particle proteome, displays homology to a @entity0 NogoB receptor and is predominantly expressed in latex. Multiple transgenic lettuces expressing CPTL2-RNAi constructs showed that decrease of CPTL2 transcripts (3-15% CPTL2 expression relative to controls) coincided with the reduction of natural rubber as low as 5%. We also identified a conventional cis-prenyltransferase 3 (CPT3), exclusively expressed in latex. In subcellular localization studies using fluorescent proteins, cytosolic CPT3 was re-localized to endoplasmic reticulum by co-occurrence of CPTL2 in @entity1 and @entity2 at the log phase. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid data showed that CPTL2 and CPT3 interact. @entity2 microsomes containing CPTL2/CPT3 showed enhanced synthesis of short cis-polyisoprenes, but natural rubber could not be synthesized in vitro. Intriguingly, a homologous pair CPTL1/ @entity4 , which displays ubiquitous expressions in lettuce, showed a potent @entity7 biosynthetic activity in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that CPTL2 is a scaffolding protein that tethers CPT3 on endoplasmic reticulum and is necessary for natural rubber biosynthesis in planta, but @entity2 -expressed CPTL2 and CPT3 alone could not synthesize high molecular weight natural rubber in vitro.

title: A lettuce ( @entity3 ) homolog of XXXX Nogo-B receptor interacts with cis-prenyltransferase and is necessary for natural rubber biosynthesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential markers of @entity1 and the influence of @entity3 on differentially expressed proteins by using proteomic technology, and to elucidate the mechanism of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 @entity1 cell lines of different metastatic potential, Lovo and SW480 were conventionally cultured, and the protein was extracted. 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of @entity3 to these two cell lines was measured by @entity2 assay. Proteins of these two cell lines after intervention by @entity3 at IC(50) were extracted, then 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis was conducted for the proteins. The differential protein spots were examined by mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatics. Difference of expressed proteins in two cell lines before and after the intervention of @entity3 was validated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Eleven differentially expressed proteins were identified by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The @entity5 protein and @entity4 were selected to be examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results revealed that the expression of @entity5 in Lovo was higher than that in SW480, while the expression of @entity4 was lower in Lovo. After intervention by @entity3 at IC(50), the expression of @entity5 in Lovo decreased more as compared to SW480, while the expression of @entity4 in SW480 increased more as compared to Lovo. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in expression of @entity5 and @entity4 proteins between Lovo and SW480 cell lines, and the proteins alter regularly after @entity3 intervention.

title: [Proteomic research of biomarker of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has become an important treatment modality for @entity2 . The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity1 growth at the moment of GKRS has any correlation with the outcome. The secondary aim was to identify clinical predictors of radioresistance in @entity2 @entity0 treated with GKRS. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred @entity2 @entity0 , treated with GKRS, were divided into two groups: 1) proven @entity1 growth preceding GKRS; and 2) previous history of growth unknown. GKRS outcome was defined in two ways. According to the first definition, GKRS was said to have failed when additional treatment had taken place. According to the second one, a volume decrease >20% after 2 years marked successful treatment. METHODS: Correlations between outcome and growth status were determined with SPSS software. Furthermore, the study assessed how different variables ( @entity0 data, history, @entity1 characteristics, imaging, and audiovestibular examinations) correlated with the outcome of GKRS. RESULTS: No significant difference regarding success and failure of GKRS was found between the two @entity0 groups. The mean reduction in @entity1 volume after GKRS was less pronounced in @entity0 in whom @entity1 growth was demonstrated before treatment, but this finding was not significant. No significant predictors (P < .05) could be identified in this data set. CONCLUSIONS: This study found no indication that growth at the moment of GKRS influences therapeutic outcome, nor did it identify any predictors of the outcome after GKRS in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity2 : identification of predictors for continued @entity1 growth and the influence of documented XXXX growth preceding radiation treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity11 ; previously known as @entity11 ) is an @entity2 that is characterized by the formation of @entity1 ( @entity7 ) at multiple sites in the skeleton, secondary bursa formation and impingement of nerves, tendons and vessels, bone curving, and @entity8 . @entity11 is also known to be associated with @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity9 and occasional @entity1 into secondary peripheral @entity4 . @entity11 @entity0 present additional complains but the relevance of those in relation to the syndromal background needs validation. Mutations in two enzymes that are required during heparan @entity5 synthesis (EXT1 or @entity14 ) are known to cause @entity11 . Previously, we have used @entity10 which harbour mutations in @entity14 as a model for @entity11 and shown that @entity14   /    fish have skeletal defects that resemble those seen in @entity7 . Here we analyse dental defects present in @entity14   /    fish. Histological analysis reveals that @entity14   /    fish have very severe defects associated with the formation and the morphology of teeth. At 5 days post fertilization 100% of @entity14   /    fish have a single tooth at the end of the 5(th) pharyngeal arch, whereas wild-type fish develop three teeth, located in the middle of the pharyngeal arch. @entity14   /    teeth have abnormal morphology (they were shorter and thicker than in the @entity12 ) and patchy ossification at the tooth base. Deformities such as split crowns and enamel lesions were found in 20% of @entity14   /    adults. The tooth morphology in @entity14   /    was partially rescued by @entity13 administered locally (bead implants). Our findings from @entity10 model were validated in a dental survey that was conducted with assistance of the MHE Research Foundation. The presence of the malformed and/or displaced teeth with abnormal enamel was declared by half of the respondents indicating that @entity11 might indeed be also associated with dental problems.

title: HSPG-deficient @entity10 uncovers dental aspect of XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a progressive @entity3 associated with repetitive head impacts. Understanding @entity0 and @entity2 (UNITE) is a U01 project recently funded by the National Institute of @entity0 and @entity1 and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. The goal of the UNITE project is to examine the neuropathology and clinical presentation of brain donors designated as "at risk" for the development of @entity4 based on prior athletic or military exposure. Here, we present the rationale and methodology for UNITE. METHODS: Over the course of 4  years, we will analyze the brains and spinal cords of 300 deceased subjects who had a history of repetitive head impacts sustained during participation in contact sports at the professional or collegiate level or during military service. Clinical data are collected through medical record review and retrospective structured and unstructured family interviews conducted by a behavioral neurologist or neuropsychologist. Blinded to the clinical data, a neuropathologist conducts a comprehensive assessment for @entity3 , including @entity4 , using published criteria. At a clinicopathological conference, a panel of physicians and neuropsychologists, blinded to the neuropathological data, reaches a clinical consensus diagnosis using published criteria, including proposed clinical research criteria for @entity4 . RESULTS: We will investigate the validity of these clinical criteria and sources of error by using recently validated neuropathological criteria as a gold standard for @entity4 diagnosis. We also will use statistical modeling to identify diagnostic features that best predict @entity4 pathology. CONCLUSIONS: The UNITE study is a novel and methodologically rigorous means of assessing clinicopathological correlation in @entity4 . Our findings will be critical for developing future iterations of @entity4 clinical diagnostic criteria.

title: Assessing clinicopathological correlation in chronic XXXX : rationale and methods for the UNITE study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is threatened with extinction due to the spread of devil @entity0 . Polymorphisms in immune genes can provide adaptive potential to resist diseases. Previous studies in diversity at immune loci in wild species have almost exclusively focused on genes of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ); however, these genes only account for a fraction of immune gene diversity. Devils lack diversity at functionally important immunity loci, including @entity2 and Toll-like receptor genes. Whether there are polymorphisms at devil immune genes outside these two families is unknown. Here, we identify polymorphisms in a wide range of key immune genes, and develop assays to type single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a subset of these genes. A total of 167 immune genes were examined, including cytokines, chemokines and natural killer cell receptors. Using genome-level data from ten devils, SNPs within coding regions, introns and 10  kb flanking genes of interest were identified. We found low polymorphism across 167 immune genes examined bioinformatically using whole-genome data. From this data, we developed long amplicon assays to target nine genes. These amplicons were sequenced in 29-220 devils and found to contain 78 SNPs, including eight SNPS within exons. Despite the extreme paucity of genetic diversity within these genes, signatures of balancing selection were exhibited by one chemokine gene, suggesting that remaining diversity may hold adaptive potential. The low functional diversity may leave devils highly vulnerable to @entity1 , and therefore, monitoring and preserving remaining diversity will be critical for the long-term management of this species. Examining genetic variation in diverse immune genes should be a priority for threatened wildlife species. This study can act as a model for broad-scale immunogenetic diversity analysis in threatened species.

title: Lack of genetic diversity across diverse immune genes in an endangered mammal, the @entity3 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We conducted a phase II study using @entity8 and @entity7 on @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 to investigate @entity1 response. METHODS: From January 1995 to March 1997, 21 @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 were treated with a @entity8 (300 mg/m(2), day 1)/ @entity7 (100 mg/m(2), days 1-3) regimen every 3-4 weeks. The following radiologic parameters were evaluated: @entity1 size, central lucency, degree of contrast enhancement, and mass effect. No @entity0 had received chemotherapy previously. Dose escalation corresponded to hematologic tolerance and to general and neurologic performance status. Most @entity0 were treated postoperatively with involved field radiotherapy followed by a boost to the @entity1 area, as defined on the presurgery computed tomography scan or on magnetic resonance imaging. Mean interval to introduction of chemotherapy was 8.8 months (range, 7-36 months). @entity0 received a mean of four cycles [range, 2-8 cycles]. RESULTS: Only 2 @entity0 showed moderate radiological response, while 12 @entity0 died of progressive disease. Mean time to progression following discontinuation of chemotherapy was 5.8 months (range, 1-11 months). The other @entity0 survived with persistent disease and are being treated palliatively. @entity4 was manageable (1, @entity6 ; 1, @entity5 (45,000/mm(3)); 2, temporarily elevated transaminase level; 2, @entity3 -induced @entity9 ). CONCLUSIONS: This phase II regimen proved to be ineffective in recurrent @entity2 . Further studies incorporating innovative drug regimens and schedules are warranted. J. Surg. Oncol., 1999;71:167-170.

title: XXXX and @entity7 for recurrent @entity2 following surgical and radiotherapy failure: A clinical study conducted at the Northern Israel Oncology Center.

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The technologic improvement of surface coils in MRI has allowed better visualization of the skin and thus permitted the clinical use of this technique in dermatology. MRI allows to assess the depth and extent of @entity3 and to detect any malignant transformation. The MR differentiation between benign and malignant @entity2 relies on morphological criteria which however do not have an absolute diagnostic value. We investigated the role of paramagnetic contrast agents in the differentiation between benign and malignant @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 , 33 with benign and 8 with malignant @entity3 , were submitted to MRI. All the examinations were performed with a 1.5 T superconductive unit, with a 2.5 cm surface coil. Axial T1- and T2-weighted SE images were acquired with 2 mm slice thickness. Paramagnetic contrast material was administered to all @entity0 . The signal intensity of the @entity2 was calculated before and after paramagnetic contrast agent administration positioning a region of interest. A percentage ratio of contrast enhancement was calculated to quantify contrast agent uptake and the relative values were compared between benign and malignant lesions. A qualitative analysis was also performed rating the contrast enhancement of each lesion as high, intermediate, or absent. RESULTS: The quantitative analysis showed a statistically significant difference (p < .5) between the contrast enhancement values of benign and malignant lesions. In particular, @entity1 had values ranging 117.3 (+/- 28.7) to 125 (+/- 32.4), while benign lesions had -20.6 to 99.8 (+/- 21.1). Conversely, no difference in contrast enhancement was found at qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is a promising tool for characterizing @entity3 . Our preliminary results should be confirmed on larger series of @entity0 with the use of high temporal resolution imaging sequences.

title: [The assessment of XXXX with magnetic resonance with high resolution and a paramagnetic contrast medium].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are a category of supercapacitors; devices that store charge at the interface between electrodes and an electrolyte. Currently available commercial devices have a limited operating potential that restricts their energy and power densities. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a promising alternative electrolyte as they generally exhibit greater electrochemical stabilities and lower volatility. This work investigates the electrochemical performance of EDLCs using ILs that combine the @entity5 anion with @entity4 and @entity2 based cations. Different activated @entity1 materials were employed to also investigate the influence of varying pore size on electrochemical performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and constant current cycling at different rates were used to assess resistance and specific capacitance. In general, greater specific capacitances and lower resistances were found with the @entity4 based ILs studied, and this was attributed to their smaller cation volume. Comparing electrochemical stabilities indicated that significantly higher operating potentials are possible with the @entity2 based ILs. The marginally smaller @entity4 cation performed better with the @entity1 exhibiting the largest pore width, whereas peak performance of the larger @entity4 cation was associated with a narrower pore size. Considerable differences between the performance of the @entity2 based ILs were observed and attributed to differences not only in cation size but also due to the inclusion of a methoxyethyl group. The improved performance of the @entity3 bond containing IL was ascribed to electron donation from the @entity0 atom influencing the charge density of the cation and facilitating cation-cation interactions.

title: Ionic liquid based EDLCs: influence of XXXX porosity on electrochemical performance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. The effect of @entity3 on minute ventilation, arterial blood pH and end-tidal @entity2 has been investigated in @entity1 anaesthetized with Nembutal. There was no change in minute ventilation with alteration of blood pressure above 100 mm Hg. Below this level ventilation progressively increased, the minute ventilation at 60 mm Hg being 33% above that at 100 mm Hg. The increase in minute ventilation was always associated with a fall in end-tidal @entity2 and a decrease in arterial blood @entity4 ion concentration.2. The effects were not influenced by vagotomy, but were abolished by carotid sinus denervation or carotid body destruction. After vagotomy and sinus denervation or aortic and carotid chemoreceptor destruction, @entity3 resulted in a @entity0 of respiration.3. The changes in arterial blood pH and end-tidal @entity2 did not occur without a change in minute ventilation.4. When the changes in arterial blood pH during @entity3 were prevented by administration of @entity2 there was a marked increase in minute ventilation. It is concluded that the respiratory drive to respiration in the cat during @entity3 is controlled mainly by carotid body chemoreceptors and that the resultant alkalaemia decreases the respiratory response.

title: The effects of acute XXXX on respiration in the cat.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4047 Background: Despite a recent fall in incidence, @entity3 remains common in China. @entity11 plus P is a standard treatment for AGC, producing response rates of 27-51% in randomized trials, although few Chinese data are available. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of replacing the @entity11 component with X (Xeloda) as 1st-line therapy in Chinese AGC pts. METHODS: We enrolled 145 pts between @entity10 2002 and May 2003. All had measurable AGC (WHO), and adequate Karnofsky PS, bone marrow, @entity1 . Prior radiotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy was permitted. @entity0 received @entity6 1000 mg/m(2) orally twice daily on days 1-14 plus fractionated @entity9 20 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1-5, every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the 130 pts evaluable to date: 98 @entity0 , 32 @entity0 ; median age 53.7 years (range 23-80); median Karnofsky PS 80 (60-100); 82% of pts had 1 metastatic site, and 18% had >= 2, the most common being the lymph nodes (44%), liver (42%), and stomach (17%). The median treatment duration is currently 6 cycles (range 2-6). Efficacy findings are shown in the table: response rate 45% (95% CI, 36-53%). Median progression-free and overall survival have not yet been reached. There were no grade 4 and very few grade 3 adverse events (all <5%): SGPT and SGOT, @entity13 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity8 , @entity12 . Most events were easily managed with dose adjustment and/or suitable treatments, except 1 pt with @entity7 who withdrew after 2 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: X combined with fractionated P is highly active and very well tolerated as first-line treatment for AGC, with comparable results to @entity11 /P. These results provide the rationale for randomized testing of the combination, although standard single infusion of P would enhance convenience. [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity6 (X) combined with @entity9 (P) as 1st-line therapy in Chinese @entity0 (pts) with advanced XXXX (AGC).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with pulmonary @entity1 from @entity2 can benefit from surgical removal. However, the biological determinants of postsurgical outcome are not completely elucidated. We evaluated the role of host systemic @entity3 status in this setting. METHODS: The modified Glasgow prognostic score (based on serum @entity5 and albumin levels) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NTL) ratio were obtained from 44 @entity0 who received curative-intent metastasectomy, and were used as indicators of systemic @entity3 status. We tested the impact of both of these parameters on @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and progression-free survival (PFS), as well as their correlation with other well-known prognosticators. RESULTS: Five-year PFS and @entity4 rates were 18% and 49%, respectively. At univariate analysis, multiple @entity1 , disease-free interval <36 months, and a Glasgow score of 2 (P = 0.031) were significantly associated to a worse PFS rate. A NTL ratio >3 predicted disease progression in the short-term (P = 0.036), but the effect on late events was weaker (P = 0.079). Factors associated with worse @entity4 were multiple @entity1 (P = 0.002), elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (P = 0.009), a Glasgow score of 2 (P = 0.029), and a faster @entity1 growth (P = 0.008). At Cox regression analysis, neither a Glasgow score of 2, nor elevated NTL ratio showed an independent effect on survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic @entity3 scores did not perform well as independent survival prognosticators in @entity0 undergoing curative-intent pulmonary metastasectomy. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate whether these measurements could still be useful when restricting the analysis to specific @entity0 subcategories or to diverse postoperative phases.

title: Role of systemic @entity3 scores in pulmonary metastasectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 is the simultaneous occurrence of two or more implantation sites. A 25-year-old @entity1 @entity0 with a history of bilateral salpingectomy, uterine septum resection, and left cornual resection was diagnosed with @entity4 in her second in vitro fertilization trial. She attended our clinic when she was 7-week pregnant, complaining initially of severe @entity2 . Findings associated with peritoneal irritation were positive during the physical examination. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed right cornual ectopic pregnancy with a live fetus in the middle of the uterine cavity. Also free fluid was noted in the pelvis. A diagnosis of @entity4 with @entity3 was made. She underwent emergency laparoscopy with aspiration of the ruptured ectopic pregnancy, suturing to the entire visible cornual margins, and assurance of good haemostasis. Her recovery was uneventful and she continued receiving care in our obstetric unit. She delivered a healthy newborn by cesarean section at term.

title: @entity3 after bilateral salpingectomy and uterine septum resection resulting in term delivery of a healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate retinal function in @entity4 using the electroretinogram. METHODS: In this observational case series, the scotopic and photopic electroretinograms in three Japanese female @entity0 (case 1, 55 years old; case 2, 56 years old; case 3, 47 years old) who showed @entity2 but no @entity3 were recorded. The rod and cone a-waves were analyzed by using the method described by Hood and Birch (1995, 1997). The parameters Rm(p3) (maximum a-wave amplitude) and S (sensitivity) were calculated. RESULTS: In case 1, the rod Rm(p3) was @entity1 . The rod S in the right eye was within the normal range, but that in the left eye was significantly reduced. Although the cone Rm(p3) was decreased, the cone S was within the normal range. In case 2, the rod and cone Rm(p3) was reduced, but the rod and cone S was within the normal range in both eyes. In case 3, the rod and cone Rm(p3) and S were within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Electroretinograms illustrated different disease stages, however, no eye with normal Rm(p3) and decreased S was found in rods and cones. In the early stages of this disease, decreased numbers of photoreceptors and/or outer segment shortening may be present while phototransduction remains normal. As the damage to the retina progresses, phototransduction becomes severely affected. Because reduced cone S was not observed in our cases, cones may be less involved than rods in this disease.

title: Rod and cone a-waves in three cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study had two main objectives: 1. To enable @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) who had not participated in previous @entity4 trials to receive @entity4 therapy, and 2. To expand safety experience with the drug in a broad @entity0 population. METHODS: This was a Phase IIIb multicentre, multinational, open-label, uncontrolled single treatment study of @entity4 . @entity0 with diagnosed possible or probable @entity1 were administered 100 mg of @entity4 /day (50 mg b.i.d.). Clinical and laboratory adverse events were recorded every month for the first 3 months and thereafter at 3-monthly intervals. RESULTS: 8383 @entity0 from 44 countries were entered into the study; 7916 of these @entity0 with recorded data were administered the study drug. The mean duration of @entity4 treatment was 202.1 days, with a range of 1-630 days. The most frequently reported serious and non-serious adverse events were common symptoms of @entity1 ( @entity3 and @entity2 ), and only 1.9% of serious adverse events were considered to be related to the study drug. CONCLUSIONS: The safety results with this broad population (over 10% of the estimated @entity1 population worldwide) were consistent with those previously reported from placebo-controlled trials. No increase in adverse events and no unexpected adverse events were observed.

title: The Rilutek ( @entity4 ) Global Early Access Programme: an open-label safety evaluation in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because of the semi-voluntary nature of @entity2 , @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) often report self-initiated coping with @entity2 . Our goals were to understand the experiences of self-initiated coping with @entity2 by individuals with @entity3 (e.g., suppression frequency, suppression ability, and side effects of @entity1 ), and investigate the effects of tic control on quality of life (QOL). METHOD: One hundred @entity0 with @entity3 (38 @entity0 and 62 adults) answered a questionnaire concerning tic control, QOL, and other clinical characteristics. RESULT: Fifty-eight percent of the @entity0 always or frequently tried to suppress @entity2 daily. In contrast, over 90% felt uncomfortable or incomplete when they suppressed @entity2 and needed concentration or extra effort to suppress them. Thirty-four percent could suppress @entity2 for less than one minute and 65% could suppress @entity2 for less than 10min. Higher subjective satisfaction with tic control was positively correlated with life satisfaction and QOL. CONCLUSION: Individuals with @entity3 often attempt self-initiated coping in their daily lives, especially through @entity1 , despite experiencing subjective discomfort and being aware that the duration of @entity1 is often limited. Moreover, it was found that their subjective satisfaction with tic control and effective @entity1 might have a positive influence on their life satisfaction and QOL. Thus, self-initiated coping with @entity2 is vital for improving the QOL of individuals with @entity3 and intervention aimed at enhancing subjective satisfaction with tic control could help manage @entity3 .

title: Self-initiated coping with @entity3 : Effect of XXXX on QOL.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to report the ocular manifestations and immunohistopathologic description of two rare forms of genodermatosis: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). DESIGN: Case reports. @entity0 : Two @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity6 presenting with @entity1 were studied. INTERVENTION: Clinical photography to show ocular manifestations and dermatologic findings was performed. Conjunctival biopsy was performed to determine the histopathology and immunohistopathology. RESULTS: In the @entity0 with @entity6 , the eyelid skin was dry, erythematous, and thickened. The lid margins showed plugging of some of the Meibomian glands, madarosis, and occasional @entity4 . The epibulbar conjunctiva was injected and had a moderate papillary reaction. Both corneas had pronounced vascularization and stromal scarring. Conjunctival biopsy results disclosed a striking number of degranulating mast cells and moderate numbers of plasma cells. Immunohistopathology showed pronounced immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive cells in the stroma and immunoglobulin A (IgA) positivity in the epithelium. There was scattered immunoglobulin M (IgM) and moderate C3 and C4 positivity in the stroma. In @entity5 , the @entity0 had keratinized lid margins, @entity3 formation, @entity4 , cicatrizing conjunctivitis, and symblephra formation. The corneal surface was keratinized, with deep and superficial vascularization. Conjunctival biopsy specimens showed pronounced epithelial keratinization and @entity2 . Degranulating mast cells and eosinophils were prominent in the stroma. Immunohistopathology showed C4 and immunoglobulin D positivity on the keratinized epithelial surface with rare foci of immunoglobulin E-positive cells. Basal epithelial cells were positive for IgA and IgG, and a large number of IgA and IgG plasma cells were present in the substantia propria. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, these case reports represent the first clinical description of the ocular manifestation of @entity6 and the first immunohistopathologic description of the affected conjunctiva in @entity6 and @entity5 , both of which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of genodermatosis associated with @entity1 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity5 and erythrokeratodermia variablis. Two rare genodermatoses.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation with control of partial arterial @entity3 pressures (PaCO2) is used to treat or stabilize @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC) is a ventilator mode where inspiratory pressures are automatically adjusted to deliver the @entity0 a pre-set stable tidal volume (TV). This may result in a more stable PaCO2 and thus a more stable @entity2 compared with conventional pressure control (PC) ventilation. The aim of this study was to compare PC and PRVC ventilation in @entity1 @entity0 with respect to @entity2 and PaCO2. METHODS: This is a randomized crossover trial including eleven @entity0 with a moderate or severe @entity1 who were mechanically ventilated and had @entity2 monitoring. Each @entity0 was administered alternating 2-h periods of PC and PRVC ventilation. The outcome variables were @entity2 and PaCO2. RESULTS: Fifty-two (26 PC, 26 PRVC) study periods were included. Mean @entity2 was 10.8  mmHg with PC and 10.3  mmHg with PRVC ventilation (p  =  0.38). Mean PaCO2 was 36.5  mmHg (4.87  kPa) with PC and 36.1  mmHg (4.81  kPa) with PRVC (p  =  0.38). There were less fluctuations in @entity2 (p  =  0.02) and PaCO2 (p  =  0.05) with PRVC ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Mean @entity2 and PaCO2 were similar for PC and PRVC ventilation in @entity1 @entity0 , but PRVC ventilation resulted in less fluctuation in both @entity2 and PaCO2. We cannot exclude that the two ventilatory modes would have impact on @entity2 in @entity0 with higher @entity2 values; however, the similar PaCO2 observations argue against this.

title: Intracranial Pressure During Pressure Control and Pressure-Regulated Volume Control Ventilation in XXXX with @entity1 : A Randomized Crossover trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A variety of mammals employ torpor as an energy-saving strategy in environments of marginal or severe stress either on a daily basis during their inactive period or on a seasonal basis during prolonged multi-day hibernation. Recently, a few Madagascar lemur species have been identified as the only primates that exhibit torpor; one of these is the gray @entity1 lemur (Microcebus murinus). To explore the regulatory mechanisms that underlie daily torpor in a primate, we analyzed the expression of 28 selected genes that represent crucial survival pathways known to be involved in squirrel and bat hibernation. Array-based real-time PCR was used to compare gene expression in control (aroused) versus torpid lemurs in five tissues including the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, and brown adipose tissue. Significant differences in gene expression during torpor were revealed among genes involved in glycolysis, @entity3 metabolism, antioxidant defense, apoptosis, @entity2 signaling, and protein protection. The results showed upregulation of select genes primarily in liver and brown adipose tissue. For instance, both tissues showed elevated gene expression of @entity4 (ppargc), ferritin ( @entity5 ), and protein chaperones during torpor. Overall, the data show that the expression of only a few genes changed during lemur daily torpor, as compared with the broader expression changes reported for hibernation in ground squirrels. These results provide an indication that the alterations in gene expression required for torpor in lemurs are not as extensive as those needed for winter hibernation in squirrel models. However, identification of crucial genes with altered expression that support lemur torpor provides key targets to be explored and manipulated toward a goal of translational applications of inducible torpor as a treatment option in @entity0 biomedicine.

title: Modulation of Gene Expression in Key Survival Pathways During Daily Torpor in the Gray XXXX Lemur, Microcebus murinus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Ten percent of all @entity3 are located in the spine; they represent the most common cause of @entity1 in adolescents. The recommended treatment is surgical excision of the nidus. Nine @entity0 with @entity3 of the spine underwent surgical treatment between 1996 and 2002. Complete nidus removal was performed in all @entity0 and the diagnosis was made by frozen sections intraoperatively. The follow-up period was 27 months. @entity2 was present in five of the cases (55.5%). All deformities improved during the postoperative follow-up period. All nine @entity0 with the diagnosis of @entity3 who had operations had histological confirmation. All @entity0 had immediate and complete relief of @entity1 after surgery. There were no complications and no local recurrences after a follow-up of two years. In the authors' opinion, removal of the nidus by open surgical technique remains a valid method of treatment for @entity3 of the spine.

title: Results of surgical treatment of XXXX of the spine.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a cell adhesion molecule often expressed in the form of various splice variants. The role of standard @entity4 isoform (CD44s) and its variants in @entity2 is partly conflicting. Therefore, we compared the expression of @entity4 s (hermes-3) and its splice variants (v3 and v6) with traditional prognostic factors in 194 @entity2 @entity0 treated at Kuopio University Hospital and followed up for a mean of 14 years. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, @entity3 -embedded tissue sections from 194 @entity0 with @entity2 were examined immunohistochemically to detect the expression of different forms of @entity4 . The hypothesis that CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 expression intensities and distribution in @entity1 cells correlated with survival was tested with the log-rank test, hazard ratios, and their confidence intervals. RESULTS: In high-grade @entity1 @entity4 s and CD44v6 expression intensities and @entity4 s percentages were stronger than in low-grade @entity1 . CD44v6, CD44v3, and @entity4 s expression intensities in @entity1 epithelium were also stronger in Dukes C and D @entity1 than in A and B @entity1 . In the univariate survival analysis @entity0 with strong CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 expression intensities in @entity1 epithelium had @entity1 -related survival than the @entity0 who had weak CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 expression intensities. Recurrence-free survival was also shorter in @entity0 with intense signals for CD44v3 and CD44v6 in @entity1 epithelium. In the multivariate analysis the CD44v6 expression intensity in @entity1 epithelium predicted independently both @entity1 -related and recurrence-free survival in T1-4N0-3M0 and T1-3N0M0 cases. In addition, the CD44v3 expression intensity in @entity1 epithelium was a significant predictor of @entity5 in T1-3N0M0 cases. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that the @entity4 splice variants v6 and v3 have prognostic significance in @entity2 .

title: Expression of @entity4 and variant proteins in @entity0 XXXX and its relevance for prognosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 catastrophising is an adverse coping mechanism, involving an exaggerated response to anticipated or @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity1 'catastrophising', as measured using the @entity1 ( @entity1 ), on treatment outcomes after surgery for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). A total of 138 @entity0 (47 @entity0 and 91 @entity0 , mean age 65.9; 45 to 78) were assigned to low ( @entity1 score < 25, n = 68) and high ( @entity1 score >=  25, n = 70) @entity1 groups. The primary outcome measure was the @entity4 Index (ODI) 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included the ODI and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for back and @entity1 , which were recorded at each assessment conducted during the 12-month follow-up period The overall changes in the ODI and @entity3 over a 12-month period were significantly different between the groups (ODI, p < 0.001; @entity2 for @entity3 , p < 0.001; @entity2 for @entity1 , p = 0.040). The ODI and @entity3 significantly decreased over time after surgery in both groups (p < 0.001 for all three variables). The patterns of change in the ODI and @entity2 for @entity3 during the follow-up period significantly differed between the two groups, suggesting that the @entity1 group is a potential treatment moderator. However, there was no difference in the ODI and @entity3 between the low and high @entity1 groups 12 months after surgery. In terms of minimum clinically important differences in ODI scores (12.8), 22 @entity0 (40.7%) had an unsatisfactory surgical outcome in the low @entity1 group and 16 (32.6%) in the high @entity1 group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p  = 0.539). Pre-operative catastrophising did not always result in a poor outcome 12 months after surgery, which indicates that this could moderate the efficacy of surgery for @entity5 . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1546-54.

title: The influence of catastrophising on treatment outcomes after surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity5