abstract: @entity6 has been described in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). These are the first three published cases of @entity6 in adults older than 50 years of age with @entity2 . They were followed using the KANNER scale and, in one case, @entity3 phosphokinase (CPK) monitoring. Case 1 is a 67-year-old Caucasian who probably had been having intermittent episodes of undiagnosed @entity6 withdrawal for many years. His episodes of @entity5 and @entity1 responded to @entity8 up to 8   mg/day. Case 2 is a 63-year-old Caucasian male who had probably had undiagnosed @entity7 episodes since age 25. An @entity5 episode that rated 88 on Part 2 of the KANNER scale ended within minutes after he received 1   mg of intramuscular @entity8 . He had no symptom relapses for 4 years after getting stable oral @entity8 doses (3-8.5   mg/day). Case 3 is a 55-year-old African-American male with severe @entity9 and @entity4 (with a pacemaker). He had been "institutionalized" since age 22 and his undiagnosed @entity7 episodes appeared to have been intermittently present for at least the last ten years. As he became tolerant and experienced symptom relapse, oral @entity8 was slowly increased (1.5-18   mg/day). Electroconvulsive therapy was ruled out due to his pacemaker.

title: @entity6 in Older Adult Individuals with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECT Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is the least invasive treatment option for medically refractory, intractable @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and is especially valuable for treating elderly, infirm @entity0 or those on anticoagulation therapy. The authors reviewed @entity3 outcomes and complications in @entity5 @entity0 who required 3 radiosurgical procedures for recurrent or persistent @entity3 . METHODS A retrospective review of all @entity0 who underwent 3 GKRS procedures for @entity5 at 4 participating centers of the North American Gamma Knife Consortium from 1995 to 2012 was performed. The Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) @entity3 score was used to evaluate @entity3 outcomes. RESULTS Seventeen @entity0 were identified; 7 were male and 10 were female. The mean age at the time of last GKRS was 79.6 years (range 51.2-95.6 years). The @entity5 was Type I in 16 @entity0 and Type II in 1 @entity0 . No @entity0 suffered from @entity1 . Eight @entity0 (47.1%) reported initial @entity3 relief (BNI Score I) following their third GKRS and 8 others (47.1%) experienced at least partial relief (BNI Scores II-IIIb). The average time to initial response was 2.9 months following the third GKRS. Although 3 @entity0 (17.6%) developed new facial @entity4 following primary GKRS and 2 @entity0 (11.8%) experienced new or worsening @entity2 following the second GKRS, no @entity0 sustained additional @entity2 after the third procedure. At a mean follow-up of 22.9 months following the third GKRS, 6 @entity0 (35.3%) reported continued Score I @entity3 relief, while 7 others (41.2%) reported @entity3 improvement (BNI Scores II-IIIb). Four @entity0 (23.5%) suffered recurrent @entity5 following the third procedure at a mean interval of 19.1 months. CONCLUSIONS A third GKRS resulted in @entity3 reduction with a low risk of additional complications in most @entity0 with medically refractory and recurrent, intractable @entity5 . In @entity0 unsuitable for other microsurgical or percutaneous strategies, especially those receiving long-term oral anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents, GKRS repeated for a third time was a satisfactory, low risk option.

title: The results of a third Gamma Knife procedure for recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e15034 Background: Data is scarce on prognostic variables determining recurrence and mortality after surgical resection in @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2 @entity6 . METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the medical records of 132 @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity2 thrombi treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital (1997-2008) was done. Demographics, @entity2 characteristics, peri-operative variables, complications and course of disease were studied. Uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis was done to identify predictors for recurrence, All Cause Mortality (ACM) and Cancer Specific Mortality (CSM). RESULTS: Mean follow up was 31.3 months. 63 (47.7%) @entity0 had @entity3 (group 1), 56 (42.4%) had subdiaphragmatic Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) @entity6 (group 2) while 13 (9.8%) had involvement of IVC above diaphragm or atrial extension (group 3). IVC @entity6 was more common from the right sided @entity2 . @entity1 at presentation was more commonly found in group 2 and with higher @entity2 grade. @entity5 were more common and hospital stay was longer for @entity0 with higher @entity6 levels. Group 2 had larger mean @entity2 size as compared to group 1. No difference in histology, grade, lymph node positivity, concurrent fat and adrenal invasion was found between 3 groups. @entity6 level was not found to be a predictor of recurrence, ACM or CSM. @entity2 size (p=0.044), adrenal invasion (p=0.002) and vascular invasion (p=0.006) were found to be independent predictors for recurrence. On univariate analysis, @entity2 size and grade were found to be prognostic for ACM and CSM. On multivariate analysis, only size (p=0.002, p=0.001) was found to be an independent predictor for ACM and CSM. 5-year Overall Survival was 46.4%, 43.1% and 31.3% for 3 groups respectively. 5-year Cancer Specific Survival (CSS) was 55.5%, 54.0% and 48.5% for 3 groups respectively. The difference between 5-year CSS of non-metastatic compared to metastatic disease (63.4% vs 23.6%) failed to reach significance (p=0.051). CONCLUSIONS: The level of @entity2 @entity6 does not predict recurrence or mortality in @entity7 . The survival is determined by inherent @entity4 of the @entity2 manifested by @entity2 grade and size at presentation.

title: Determinants of outcomes after resection of XXXX with venous involvement.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Poor adherence to health-related behaviors can have serious health consequences. Cardiac rehabilitation has been documented to have physiological and psychosocial benefits; however, optimizing adherence to exercise in @entity0 with @entity1 is a particular challenge. We recently completed a large, 6-year randomized trial of exercise training in elderly @entity0 with @entity2 (50-85  years), which provided an opportunity to describe adherence strategies in this unique group of elderly individuals. @entity0 were randomized to exercise therapy or usual care. Using a case-management approach, a combination of center and home-based training was used during which @entity0 trained for up to 3  years. We observed that overall, 84% of subjects in the exercise group completed >= 1  year in the study, achieving a mean energy expenditure of 1,999      1,030  kcals per week. Subjects in the exercise group were more likely to drop out of the study as compared with usual care, though none of the reasons for dropping out were associated with exercise participation (eg, exercise-related injury). Reasons for withdrawal included orthopedic problems, lost physician coverage, time constraints, and @entity2 repair. Although the groups were matched for @entity2 size at baseline, there was a trend for more @entity2 repairs among usual care subjects versus those in the exercise group (12 [17.6%] vs 5 [6.9%], P  =  0.09). The case-managed approach to optimizing adherence used was reasonably successful in achieving a training response (ie, improvement in exercise capacity) in elderly @entity0 with @entity2 , a group for whom little is previously known regarding the effects of rehabilitation.

title: Exercise adherence in the elderly: Experience with XXXX simple treatment and prevention.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 with @entity3 suffer from @entity6 which are directly the result of the @entity1 , in addition to those dependent on the primary illness leading to the @entity3 . The mechanisms underlying the defective responses in phagocytic cells, lymphocytes and antigen processing are likely due to either failure to adequately eliminate suppressive compounds by the defective kidneys or to improper metabolic processing of the factors by the damaged renal parynchema. That some of the defects are reversed by transplantation and not dialysis suggests that renal parenchymal metabolic activities may be involved, although it is also possible that functioning glomerular cells are capable of filtering substances that membranes are not currently capable of eliminating. The current strategy for dealing with the @entity5 appears to be totally based on developing means to circumvent the defective function. The other approach, correction of the impaired function, cannot be even considered until the mechanisms underlying the defective function of the cells involved in defenses are better delineated. It seems possible that one or a few compounds are pivotal in altering the function of all the affected cell lines, since, with only a small amount of effort, it is possible to relate the dysfunction to abnormal cell membrane functions in phagocytic cells, dendritic cells and lymphocytes. Until the biochemical basis of the dysfunction of all the cell types affected are better defined, such exercises cannot be translated into better management of @entity0 with @entity3 . Proper function of host defenses requires that appropriate cells can properly respond to threats to host viability. For the cells of the immune system (phagocytes and lymphocytes) this means that their response to regulatory molecules be appropriate, that their mobility be normal, that their adherence to substrates be preserved, and that they can generate the appropriate response to the challenge. For neutrophils, for example, it is necessary that they recognize and mobilize appropriately to chemotactic stimuli, that they be able to adhere to and migrate through endothelial lining, that their phagocytic activity be sufficient, and that they can kill and degrade endocytosed particles and generate appropriate secretions. Similar lists of requirements for good function can be generated for any cell type in the immune defense system. @entity8 , as well as currently available treatments for @entity8 , directly or indirectly alters the function of all phases of appropriate immune cell function. Defective host responses in @entity8 have been recognized for decades and there has been considerable effort in the past decade to better define the extent and mechanisms of @entity2 . Despite the multitude of @entity7 in humoral, cellular, and inflammatory processes, uremic @entity0 who are cared for today, although they remain at higher risk of serious infectious complications, can and do maintain a good quality of life, with most remaining free of @entity4 for years and decades.

title: Immunologic defects and vaccination in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A delayed @entity4 -like @entity2 has been observed in @entity0 receiving @entity7 ( @entity8 ) for @entity9 . Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) may help to distinguish between @entity6 and chemotherapy-related @entity2 . Although conventional MRI correlates have been described for this @entity4 -like syndrome, DWI data are largely unavailable. Our objective is to present a retrospective analysis of the DWI findings in four @entity0 who suffered subacute @entity10 after intrathecal @entity8 . DESIGN: We reviewed the medical records of four @entity0 , who were seen by us between July 2000 and February 2004 for sudden onset of a central @entity1 within days of intrathecal @entity8 . @entity0 underwent standardized MRI within 48 h of symptom onset; MRI included DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. RESULTS: DWI of all @entity0 revealed well-demarcated hyperintense @entity2 corresponding to areas of restricted proton diffusion on ADC maps. Lesions exceeded the confines of adjacent vascular territories. Complete resolution of symptoms within 1-4 days was accompanied by normalization of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: DWI findings in this cohort seem to reflect cytotoxic @entity11 suggesting a reversible metabolic derangement, rather than @entity3 , as the basis for this syndrome.

title: Diffusion-weighted MRI correlates of subacute XXXX -related @entity10 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY OBJECTIVE: The point prevalence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is imperfectly associated with current @entity3 , possibly due to changes over time in bronchial responsiveness (BR). To evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal determinants of BR, a population sample comprising 408 @entity0 and adolescents, aged 7 to 17 years at enrollment, was examined twice, 6 years apart. METHODS: Case history was obtained by interview and questionnaire. BR to inhaled @entity1 , pulmonary function, and skin prick test reactivity were measured using standard techniques. RESULTS: The point prevalence of @entity4 (the concentration of @entity1 causing a 20% decline in FEV1 <8 mg/mL) declined from childhood to early adulthood (25% and 6%, respectively; p<0.001); and similarly a decline in @entity1 dose-response slope was observed. At both surveys, prechallenge FEV1 percent predicted, @entity3 , and @entity2 , especially @entity2 to @entity5 ( @entity5 ), were important determinants for the degree of BR. After adjustment for prechallenge FEV1 percent predicted, no male-female difference was observed in degree of BR. Lower FEV1 percent predicted (p=0.003), @entity3 (p<0.001), higher degree of BR (p=0.003), and @entity2 to @entity5 (p=0.007) at enrollment predicted a higher degree of BR at the second survey (degree of BR at second survey adjusted for prechallenge FEV1). Furthermore, new @entity3 (p<0.001) and/or @entity2 to @entity5 (p=0.003) were associated with higher BR at the second survey. Confining the analysis to nonasthmatics showed that subjects with new or persistent @entity2 to @entity5 had significantly increased BR compared with nonatopic subjects; and, moreover, prechallenge FEV1 percent predicted was significantly correlated with BR. CONCLUSIONS: BR declines from childhood to early adulthood, possibly reflecting the increase in airway caliber. The level of FEV1 and @entity2 , especially to @entity5 , are important determinants for changes over time in level of BR, also in nonasthmatic subjects.

title: Longitudinal determinants of bronchial responsiveness to inhaled XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic liver resection for subcapsular @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 is associated with lower morbidity than open resections. DESIGN: A case-comparison study. SETTING: A tertiary referral center. @entity0 AND INTERVENTION: From December 1, 1998, to November 30, 2000, 13 @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent laparoscopic resection of @entity2 formed the laparoscopic group (LG). @entity1 were 5 cm or smaller, subcapsular, and located in anterolateral segments (segments II-VI). A control group was created by matching each laparoscopic case with @entity0 identical for @entity3 , @entity1 size, and location and type of hepatectomy who underwent open liver resection. Fourteen @entity0 fulfilled the criteria and formed the open group (OG). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: One segment or less was resected in 21 @entity0 and 2 in 6 @entity0 . Operative duration and cumulative portal triad clamping times were longer in the LG (267 +/- 79 minutes vs 182 +/- 57 minutes, P =.006; 68 +/- 24 minutes vs 25 +/- 19 minutes, P =.006, respectively). Mortality rates were 0% in the LG and 14% (2/14) in the OG (P =.2). @entity5 and @entity4 occurred in 8% (1/13) in the LG and 36% (5/14) in the OG (P =.15). Surgical margin was not different in the 2 groups. Three-year survival was significantly higher in the LG (89% vs 55%; P =.04), but 3-year recurrence rates were similar (46% vs 44%). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that, despite longer operative and clamping times without clinical consequences, the rate of decompensation of @entity3 could be lower after laparoscopy.

title: Laparoscopic liver resection for subcapsular @entity2 complicating XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Medications will be always necessary in the treatment of @entity1 . More and more, however, the importance of an adjunctive psychotherapy is emphasized. Numerous controlled therapy trials showed that @entity2 @entity0 can be effectively treated with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Therefore a literature search was done to check for the empirical evidence concerning the efficacy of CBT for @entity1 . We conducted a literature search using Medline, PsycINFO, and Psyndex, considering all publications dealing with the topic "psychotherapy and @entity1 " till July 2001. This search resulted in 241 articles. Ten percent of these publications were considered to be controlled trials. Four studies explicitly tested the efficacy of CBT. Compared to standard medical treatment, CBT proved to be efficient concerning symptomatic and functional outcome. However, there remain many questions to be answered, e.g., if there are differential effects on the course of @entity1 and @entity2 and how stable the results will be in the long run.

title: [Cognitive behavioral therapy as supplement to pharmacotherapy of XXXX . What is the empirical basis?].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Some @entity2 hormones as well as @entity7 have been administered to new-born @entity0 (postnatally) or to pregnant @entity0 (prenatally) in order to study the effect on the future gonadal function of the animals born before or after the injection. A single postnatal @entity4 injection in oily solution influences only the female function; @entity3 or the combination of @entity4 and @entity3 are effective in both sexes preventing the ovulation or damaging the testicles. If the hormone is administered in water instead of oil, several injections are necessary in order to obtain an effect. Only the aqueous solution of @entity7 produces a positive effect even given in a single injection. When a single postnatal injection is effective the same result can be obtained after prenatal administration but only following intraamniotic injection. @entity7 is an exception to this rule; intraamniotic injection has no effect. These observations permit the following conclusions: 1. It is possible to influence the hypothalamus-hypophysis function not only in the first days of life but already in the prenatal period. 2. As @entity4 damages only the ovary, @entity3 however the gonads of both sexes, the mechanisme of action can not be the same. @entity4 alters the function of the sexual centres in the brain only in the female @entity0 , @entity3 paralyses this function in both sexes. 3. Prenatal injection of hormone is only effective if administered intraamniotically (eliminating in this way the action of the placenta). This proves the important role of the placenta in the metabolisme of the hormones. 4. Other possible consequences of postnatal @entity4 administration as permanent obstruction of the vagina or @entity5 of the clitoris can be obtained equally by prenatal intraamniotic injection. These phenomena can also occur independent of the avarian processes, being due to direct hormonal action. 5. @entity1 and abscesses are observed with relative frequency especially following @entity3 or @entity7 -administration. The cause is unknown but we can assume that @entity6 in the genital area, produced by the hormone, are responsible for the frequency of these phenomena.

title: [Gonadal function of XXXX following pre- or postnatal administration of some hormones (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Definitive surgical treatment of gastric @entity1 such as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) typically involves full-thickness resection of the lesion with normal gastric wall as the margin. This is not readily possible with proximal gastric lesions near the gastroesophageal junction, nor necessary for small incidental lesions. We have employed a combined endoscopic/laparoscopic intraluminal enucleation technique for selected @entity0 and report long-term surveillance following this novel technique. METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity0 who have undergone intraluminal laparoscopic resection from 1994 to 2008. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity0 who underwent intraluminal enucleation were followed up for a median of 61  months. There were eight @entity0 and seven @entity0 with a mean age of 62.1      3.38  years. Eight @entity0 (53  %) underwent endoscopy for @entity3 , six for @entity9 (40  %), six for @entity4 (40  %), and four for @entity6 (27  %). Eight lesions (53  %) were located in the fundus/ @entity5 : six (40  %) in the body and two (13  %) in the antrum. The mean @entity1 size was 3.5      0.45 (1.5-7.0) cm. @entity2 with benign histologic features predominated. All operations were successfully completed, including full-thickness resections with no conversion to open procedure, major morbidity, or mortality. @entity8 was accomplished in 14 @entity0 with no local or distant recurrence and no symptomatic follow-up in any @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Enucleation of intact @entity7 can be accomplished with low risk of recurrence when done with a combined endoscopic/laparoscopic intraluminal technique. It should be the preferred approach considered for small, proximal, intraluminal @entity1 .

title: Long-term outcomes of combined endoscopic/laparoscopic intragastric enucleation of presumed gastric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Retrievable plastic biliary stents are usually inserted endoscopically. When endoscopic placement fails, radiological percutaneous transhepatic placement is indicated. We report the occurrence of a case of delayed duodenal perforation with @entity2 formation after radiological placement of a plastic stent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this complication after radiological stenting. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old Caucasian @entity0 had a mass 30 mm in size in the head of the @entity3 . He was referred for radiological insertion of plastic biliary stents after a failed endoscopic attempt. The procedure was uneventful, and the @entity0 was discharged. Two weeks after the procedure, the @entity0 presented with an acute abdomen and signs of @entity1 . Computed tomography revealed erosion of the posterior duodenal wall from the plastic stent, and a large retroperitoneal @entity2 . The @entity2 was drained under computed tomography guidance, and the migrated stent was removed percutaneously with a snare under fluoroscopic guidance. Our @entity0 had an uneventful recovery and was discharged after a week. CONCLUSION: Late retroperitoneal duodenal perforation is a very rare but severe complication of biliary stenting with plastic stents. Gastroenterologists, surgeons and radiologists should all be aware of its existence, clinical presentation and management.

title: Perforation and XXXX formation after radiological placement of a retrievable plastic biliary stent.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the percentage of free @entity3 (%fPSA) on @entity2 risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined serum total PSA (tPSA) and %fPSA annually in a @entity2 -screening cohort between July 2001 and June 2011. @entity0 with tPSA >4.0  ng/mL or tPSA of 2.0-4.0  ng/mL with %fPSA   <=12% were screened as positive and were recommended to undergo a biopsy. The study population consisted of 6368 @entity0 , aged 40-79  years, who had tPSA   <=4.0  ng/mL at initial screening and who subsequently underwent 1 or more screenings. We calculated the cumulative risk and hazard ratio of @entity2 stratified by the initial %fPSA groups as quartiles of @entity2 @entity0 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 36  months, 119 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 . The lowest quartile of %fPSA (<13.3%) was associated with a 21.2-fold higher risk of having @entity2 compared with the highest quartile (>22.2%). For the subset with an initial tPSA   <=1.0  ng/mL, all @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 had an initial %fPSA   <=33.3% (median). For the subset with tPSA >1.0  ng/mL, @entity0 with %fPSA   <=23.0% (median) had significantly higher risk for @entity1 than those with %fPSA >23.0% (P  <.0001). Of the 114 @entity0 with @entity2 in whom pathologic findings were available, 79 (69.3%) had a Gleason score  >= 3  + 4  =  7. CONCLUSION: A low %fPSA is a strong predictor of a subsequent diagnosis of @entity2 among @entity0 with  tPSA levels   <=4.0  ng/mL. Measurement of %fPSA might enhance the detection of high-grade @entity1 that warrants aggressive treatment.

title: Low Percentage of Free XXXX (PSA) Is a Strong Predictor of Later Detection of @entity2 Among Japanese Men With Serum Levels of Total PSA of 4.0  ng/mL or Less.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. Chronic nasal carriage of @entity2 (SA) increases the risk of relapse while Rituximab (RTX) is an effective agent for inducing and maintaining remission in @entity0 with @entity3 with @entity3 (GPA). We investigated whether B cell depletion and @entity4 that occur during RTX treatment increase the risk of chronic SA nasal carriage and subsequent disease flares, in GPA @entity0 on long-term RTX maintenance therapy. Methods. Retrospective cohort study from a disease registry involving 29 GPA @entity0 receiving RTX maintenance (median RTX dose of 9 g) during a median period of 49 months. Nasal swabs were collected prior and during RTX for a median of 3 and 9 swabs respectively. Persistent SA nasal carriage was defined with the presence of SA in more than 75% of nasal swabs. Results. SA nasal carriage did not change during RTX (p = 0.297). However, the rate of positive nasal swabs in GPA @entity0 with transient SA nasal carriage during RTX maintenance increased from 0 prior RTX to 0.42 during RTX (p = 0.017). Persistent SA nasal carriage did not increase the risk of relapses (p = 0.844), of @entity4 (p = 0.122) and of severe @entity1 (p = 0.144), but reduced the risk of @entity1 (p = 0.044). Change in SA carriage status during RTX did not influence the risk of relapses (p = 0.756), hypogammaglobulinamia (p = 0.474) and @entity1 , either severe (p = 0.913) or chronic (p = 0.121). Conclusion. Long-term RTX maintenance therapy in GPA @entity0 did not significantly influence SA nasal carriage status. Persistent SA carriage during long-term RTX treatment did not seem to increase the risk of relapses, but seemed to decrease the risk of @entity4 associated @entity1 .

title: @entity2 carriage and long-term Rituximab treatment for @entity3 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of the synergistic sedation with a low dose of @entity1 combined with @entity2 versus the standard regimen of @entity1 and @entity3 for conscious sedation in colonoscopy in a group of @entity0 that included a sufficient number of elderly @entity0 with several comorbidities. METHODS: A total of 120 consecutive @entity0 undergoing colonoscopy in a prospective study were randomly assigned to one of two medication regimens (55 @entity0 were over 65 yr). @entity0 in group A (n = 64) received i.v. 2 mg (<70 kg b.w.) or 3 mg (>70 kg b.w.) of @entity1 and a median dose of 80 mg of @entity2 (range 40-150). @entity0 in group B (n = 56) received i.v. a median dose of 5 mg of @entity1 (range 3-7) and 75 mg of @entity3 (range 50-125). The @entity0 's comfort level was assessed by a 4-point scale 24 h after the procedure. The time to recover from sedation was assessed at 5, 10, and 30 min after the procedure by using the Aldrete score. RESULTS: Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that among sex, age, duration of the test, American Society of Anesthesiologists' Physical Status Classification grade, and the sort of sedation, the synergistic sedation with @entity1 and @entity2 was the only factor associated with a higher level of @entity0 comfort (chi2 = 5.5, p < 0.05). Additional multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that among sex, age, duration of the test, American Society of Anesthesiologists' Physical Status Classification grade, and the sort of sedation, the synergistic sedation with @entity1 and @entity2 was the only factor associated with a quicker @entity0 recovery time (chi2 = 24.5, p < 0.01; chi2 = 51.7, p < 0.01; chi2 = 148.4, p < 0.01 for Aldrete in 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min, respectively). The endoscopist's evaluation of @entity0 sedation and cardiorespiratory parameters were similar in both groups and in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the synergistic sedation with a low dose of @entity1 combined with @entity2 was superior to a standard combination of @entity1 and the opioid @entity3 for colonoscopies as far as the @entity0 comfort and recovery times are concerned.

title: Synergistic sedation with @entity1 and XXXX versus @entity1 and @entity3 in colonoscopies: a prospective, randomized study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12 are slow-growing @entity1 . Determination of histopathologic prognostic factors using a large cohort study has been limited by their low incidence. In this retrospective study, we investigated the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical prognostic factors in 287 @entity12 from 111 @entity0 assessed by central pathologic review. Expression patterns of a variety of markers, including @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity11 pathway, @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity13 , and @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity14 mutations were analyzed. On univariate analysis, the results confirm surgery as the best treatment, as judged by @entity0 progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Proton therapy, the presence of a dedifferentiated component, mitotic figures, and Ki67 and @entity6 labeling indices correlated with PFS. @entity3 and apoptosis correlated with @entity8 . Based on these findings, we propose a histopathologic grading system that correlates with PFS and @entity8 . On multivariate analysis, extent of resection, @entity1 grade, and proton therapy were independent prognostic factors of PFS; extent of resection, @entity1 location, and grade were independent prognostic factors of @entity8 . Based on the expression of @entity4 , pSTAT3, @entity2 , and @entity11 pathway proteins, (in 85.9%, 79.1%, 85.7%, and 46% of @entity12 , respectively), and 2 new mutations in the @entity14 gene, we also provide evidence for potential therapeutic targets.

title: Prognostic and Therapeutic Markers in @entity12 : A Study of 287 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Between January 1989 and July 1995 the search for an unrelated donor (UD) was started for 379 consecutive Italian @entity0 with Philadelphia positive (Ph+) @entity2 ( @entity2 ). 89 (23%) were transplanted. The overall probability of transplant before and after December 1991 was 16% and 49%, respectively (P=0.0001), and average interval between search activation and graft was 23 months and 13 months, respectively (P=0.0001). Disease-free survival (DFS) following 60 consecutive transplants performed before February 1996 was 41.5% at 48 months and was 64% for @entity0 grafted after January 1993. In univariate analysis, five variables had a favourable effect on DFS: year of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) after 1993 (P=0.0002), @entity1 donor/recipient (D/R) match (P=0.0006), total body irradiation (TBI) containing regimen (P=0.0006), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) prophylaxis including 'early' cyclosporin before the transplant, and a marrow cell dose > 3 x 10(8)/kg of recipient body weight (P=0.04). Multivariate analysis confirmed that HLA identity (P=0.006), TBI-containing regimen (P=0.0001) and 'early cyclosporin' (P=0.04) were associated with higher DFS. Transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 67% in @entity0 grafted before January 1993 and 30% in @entity0 grafted subsequently (P=0.002). Multivariate analysis confirmed @entity1 identity (P=0.03) and TBI-containing regimen (P=0.0005) to be independent factors predictive of low TRM. This suggests that the outcome of @entity0 transplanted from an @entity1 matched donor, after a TBI-containing preparative regimen, is similar to results recently reported in @entity0 transplanted from geno-identical siblings. These results indicate that the search should be initiated at diagnosis for @entity0 < 45 years of age and UD BMT should be considered early in the disease course for those with an available @entity1 -matched unrelated donor.

title: Unrelated donor marrow transplantation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between left ventricular (LV) remodeling and @entity2 after @entity1 is poorly documented. We investigated the relations between LV size, @entity4 , and function and @entity2 in 263 @entity0 from the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) study, using quantitative 2D echocardiography and ambulatory ECG monitoring after @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Transthoracic 2D echocardiograms and @entity2 monitoring were performed at baseline (mean, 11 days) and 1 and 2 years after @entity5 . LV size, short-axis muscle (mass) area (LVMA), and function were quantified from 2D echocardiograms. The prevalence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and frequent @entity6 ( @entity6 [ @entity6 ] >10/h) was assessed from ambulatory ECG. @entity3 and @entity6 >10/h occurred in 20% and 29% of @entity0 at baseline, in 22% and 35% at 1 year and 23% and 39% at 2 years, respectively. @entity3 and @entity6 >10/h at baseline and 1 and 2 years were significantly related to LV size, LVMA, and function. Furthermore, changes in LV size and function from baseline to 2 years predicted both @entity3 and @entity6 >10/h. The study was underpowered to detect treatment effect of ACE inhibitors and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers but did not alter the relations between @entity2 , LV size, and function. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative echocardiographic assessment of LV size, LVMA, and function and changes in these measurements over time predict @entity2 after @entity5 . Altered LV architecture and function during postinfarction LV remodeling provide an important substrate for triggering high-grade @entity2 .

title: Left ventricular remodeling and XXXX after @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critical @entity1 outcome, yet differences between youth and parent-proxy ratings can make interpretation difficult. This study aims to explore potential differences between self- and parent-reports of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scores from youth with type 1 (T1D) or @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to evaluate associations between discrepancies, PedsQL scores, and glycemic control (HbA1c). METHODS: Youth and parents in the SEARCH for @entity1 in Youth Study (T1D: age 5-18, n  =  3402; @entity2 : age 8-18, n  =  353) completed the PedsQL Generic and @entity1 Modules, and youth provided a blood sample to assess HbA1c. Discrepancies (youth minus parent PedsQL ratings) were calculated and examined by age and @entity1 , and associations with youth PedsQL scores and HbA1c were evaluated. RESULTS: Discrepancies existed between youth and parent-proxy reports of generic and @entity1 PedsQL scores in T1D and @entity2 (all p values  <  0.01). Higher (more favorable) ratings were reported by youth except for those 5-7-years old, where parents' scores were higher. When parent-proxy scores were higher, discrepancies were largest when the @entity0 reported low PedsQL scores. Higher HbA1c was associated with larger discrepancies (youth scores higher) for adolescents with T1D. CONCLUSIONS: Discrepant PedsQL ratings suggest that parents may often underestimate youths' HRQOL except in the youngest @entity0 . Although examining both reports is optimal, the youth report should be prioritized, particularly for young @entity0 with T1D and for adolescents with either @entity2 .

title: Whose quality of life is it anyway? Discrepancies between youth and parent health-related quality of life ratings in type 1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 liver 60 S ribosomal subunits were modified with @entity5 . After treatment with @entity1 , the cross-linked proteins were extracted and then separated into 24 fractions by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose. Each protein fraction was then analyzed by diagonal @entity3 - @entity4 gel electrophoresis (Sommer, A., and Traut, R.R. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 71, 3946-3950). The pieces of gel containing cross-linked protein spots that were shifted from the diagonal line were labeled with 125I. The labeled protein was extracted from the gel and identified by three kinds of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography. Fifty-three @entity2 involving 35 protein species containing two acidic proteins were identified. From these and previous results, a preliminary model of the protein topography of the 60 S ribosomal subunit was constructed and discussed in relation to other functional data on 60 S ribosomal proteins.

title: Cross-linking study on protein topography of XXXX liver 60 S ribosomal subunits with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present clinical study implements a novel interventional strategy of short-term profound and selective blockade of GH receptors to reduce plasma insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity1 ) concentrations reversibly in healthy eumetabolic adults. Thereby, we examine the feedback role of systemic @entity1 on GH secretion without introducing the complex metabolic disarray that can otherwise accompany secondary @entity1 deprivation. To this end, we sampled blood at 10-min intervals for 10 h overnight in 8 @entity0 (aged 19-46 yr) and 4 @entity0 (aged 19-39 yr) to quantitate endogenous GH secretion and half-life 72 h after the prospective, randomly ordered, double blind, and within-subject cross-over administration of pegvisomant (1 mg/kg) or saline (0.5 mL) sc. Pegvisomant is an oligopegylated recombinant @entity0 GH peptide mutated to antagonize @entity4 -dependent signaling. Statistical analyses of paired plasma @entity1 concentrations and deconvolution-based quantitation of pulsatile GH secretion revealed that @entity4 blockade 1) suppressed fasting total @entity1 concentrations by 31%, viz. from (mean +/- SEM) 276 +/- 42 (placebo) to 190 +/- 20 microg/L (pegvisomant; P = 0.006) 84 h after drug injection; 2) increased the 10-h mean serum GH concentration by 71% from 1.4 +/- 0.33 (placebo) to 2.4 +/- 0.58 (pegvisomant; P = 0.024); 3) augmented the amplitude of underlying GH secretory bursts by 2.1-fold (i.e. from 0.13 +/- 0.032 to 0.27 +/- 0.076 microg/L.min; P = 0.0088); and 4) elevated the basal/nonpulsatile rate of GH secretion by 2.5-fold (from 2.3 +/- 0.77 to 5.07 +/- 1.8 microg/L.10 h; P = 0.022). The rise in the amplitude of GH secretory bursts correlated with the fall in plasma @entity1 concentrations (r = 0.603; P = 0.038). In contrast, @entity1 depletion did not alter GH secretory pulse frequency, half-duration, interpulse interval, percentage of pulsatile GH release, or half-life of endogenous GH. In summary, selective short-term reduction of systemic @entity1 concentrations in healthy eumetabolic adults drives GH secretion via the specific bipartite neuroregulatory mechanism of amplified GH secretory burst amplitude and elevated basal/nonpulsatile GH release. Endogenous GH half-life and frequency-related features of pulsatile GH secretion are not measurably affected, thus identifying a highly distinctive mode of @entity1 feedback-dependent control of GH output. As the increment in GH secretory burst amplitude correlated with the decrement in plasma @entity1 concentrations, we infer that variations in circulating @entity1 availability within the adult midphysiological range can influence pulsatile and basal GH production by way of negative feedback. Based on data in experimental animals, we speculate that the negative feedback actions of systemic @entity1 on GH secretion are mediated via increased hypothalamic @entity2 release, decreased @entity3 (or GH-releasing peptide) secretion, and/or suppressed pituitary GH biosynthesis.

title: Lowering total plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations by way of a novel, potent, and selective @entity4 antagonist, pegvisomant (B2036-peg), augments the amplitude of GH secretory bursts and elevates basal/nonpulsatile GH release in healthy @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the risk factors and the radiological appearance of @entity5 and acetabular roof. DESIGN AND @entity0 : Twenty @entity0 with sacral and acetabular roof insufficiency @entity4 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 16 @entity0 (80%) and 4 males (age range 48-86 years, excluding an 8-year-old @entity0 ). Thirteen @entity0 had a known @entity3 , and nine had received pelvic irradiation. All @entity0 , except one who was asymptomatic, presented with @entity6 . In @entity0 with a known @entity3 , @entity1 were suspected. Plain radiography (20), bone scintigrams (16), MR examinations (20), and bone densitometry (14) were performed. Nine @entity0 also each had a CT scan. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In three cases the CT scan performed 10-25 days after onset of symptoms was interpreted as normal. MR examination performed a few days after the CT scan showed in each of these three @entity0 a @entity4 line with a band of @entity2 . Scintigraphy was very sensitive, but the H-shaped pattern of sacral uptake, specific for an insufficiency @entity4 , was detected in only three of 16 cases. The earliest MR sign was medullary @entity2 , seen as early as 18 days after the onset of symptoms. On spin echo (SE) T1-weighted images (T1WI), the hypointense signal of @entity2 could mask a @entity4 line. On SE T2WI the @entity4 line could be detected within the hyperintense @entity2 (10 of 17 @entity0 with examinations including SE T2WI). However, in four @entity0 a @entity4 of the sacrum was not seen on T2WI, these having been obtained in the axial plane. For this reason, intravenous @entity7 was injected, revealing a @entity4 line in 12 of 14 examinations, or fat suppression sequences were performed, revealing a @entity4 line in five of five cases. The total number of @entity4 detected was 17 [15 @entity4 of the sacrum (bilateral in 10 cases) and two of the acetabular roof]. At a later stage, the @entity2 resolved and the @entity4 was clearly seen. The two cases of @entity4 of the acetabular roof were easily recognized at MRI, particularly in the sagittal plane.

title: Role of MRI in the diagnosis of XXXX and acetabular roof.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We previously reported (Gray, T. E., K. Guzman, C. W. Davis, L. H. Abdullah, and P. Nettesheim. 1996. Mucociliary differentiation of serially passaged normal @entity0 tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 14:104-112) that @entity2 (RA)-deprived cultures of normal @entity0 tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells became squamous, failed to produce @entity3 , and instead secreted or released large amounts of @entity5 (LZ). The purpose of the studies reported here was to elucidate the relationship between @entity4 -induced squamous differentiation and increased LZ, and to determine what mechanisms were involved. We found that intracellular LZ began to accumulate in @entity4 NHTBE cultures early during squamous differentiation. Between Days 10 and 18 of culture, cellular LZ levels were more than 10 times higher in @entity4 than in RA-sufficient cultures. On Day 12, large numbers of cells began to exfoliate in @entity4 cultures and extracellular LZ appeared at the apical surface, presumably released from the exfoliated cells. Metabolic labeling studies showed that the rate of LZ synthesis was not increased in @entity4 cultures over that in RA-sufficient cultures; however, intracellular LZ half-life was much longer in @entity4 cultures. We concluded that the increased accumulation of both intra- and extracellular LZ in @entity4 cultures was due to increased LZ stability and was not the result of increased LZ synthesis. When @entity4 cultures were treated on Day 7 with 10(-6) M RA, intracellular LZ levels did not substantially decrease until 3 d later, coinciding with a marked increase in @entity3 secretion. LZ messenger RNA levels were unchanged at 24 h, but were modestly increased (rather than decreased) at all subsequent time points. We concluded that RA does not directly regulate LZ, and that the excessive accumulation of LZ in RA-deprived NHTBE cells is a consequence of @entity1 deficiency-induced abnormal differentiation.

title: @entity5 expression during metaplastic squamous differentiation of @entity2 -deficient XXXX tracheobronchial epithelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We describe a case of @entity7 -associated @entity4 and @entity6 in a @entity0 with a de novo pathogenic mutation. This @entity0 is unique in being the first reported male with this phenotype, and we propose that this genetic variant may represent a mutation hotspot that characterizes a unique phenotype. This 5.2-years-old @entity0 presented with @entity5 , @entity6 , and severe @entity3 . Brain imaging showed progressive @entity2 . EEG monitoring revealed multifocal and diffuse discharges, along with generalized-onset @entity5 . Genetic testing found a de novo pathogenic variant in the @entity7 gene ( @entity9 ; @entity8 ). A review of the literature showed two other @entity0 with similar phenotype and the same genetic variant. In contrast, other @entity0 with @entity1 had private mutations in the @entity7 gene. The neurological phenotypes associated with @entity7 mutations appear to lie on a spectrum, and it is possible that the @entity9 ( @entity8 ) variant characterizes a phenotype with both severe @entity4 and @entity6 . [Published with video sequence on www.epilepticdisorders.com].

title: @entity7 -associated XXXX and movement disorders: @entity9 variant represents a probable mutation hotspot with a distinct phenotype.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mustard operation is a complex atrial rerouting performed in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is an important problem in these @entity0 . While catheter ablation (CA) is successful, three-dimensional (3D) mapping is necessary to prove block at the CTI. 3D mapping, however, requires baffle puncture. We tested a simplified concept to prove @entity1 after CA for @entity2 in Mustard @entity0 . METHODS: During electrophysiology study, catheters were placed in the high and low systemic venous atrium (HSVA and LSVA) and in the low pulmonary venous atrium (LPVA). LPVA and then LSVA were paced while recording in the HSVA and the alternate site. While pacing from one low site, the time taken to activate the other low site and the HSVA was compared before and after successful ablation. RESULTS: Three @entity0 with Mustard operation and @entity2 underwent successful CA. Involvement of the CTI in @entity2 was proved by entrainment mapping. @entity2 was terminated during ablation and no longer inducible after ablation in all. LSVA pacing showed LPVA activation preceded HSVA activation preablation and activation pattern reversal after ablation. Likewise, LPVA pacing showed LSVA activation preceding HSVA preablation with reversal after ablation. CONCLUSION: This study provides a simple method to demonstrate bidirectional block at the CTI in @entity0 with CTI-based @entity2 after Mustard operation for @entity3 .

title: Simplified demonstration of cavotricuspid XXXX after catheter ablation in @entity0 after Mustard's operation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Genetic susceptibility to primary @entity2 (PCM) may account for up to 12% of PCMs, presenting as the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), an @entity1 with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, characterized by PCM in at least two relatives and/or more than one PCMs in the same @entity0 . To identify individuals at high genetic risk of PCM, from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2015, we offered genetic counselling and molecular analysis of the two high-penetrance @entity4 susceptibility genes, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), to 92 consecutive, unrelated @entity0 with @entity4 . Age at diagnosis and number of PCMs were obtained from medical records; the number of PCMs and affected relatives were recorded for each family. The diagnostic work-up consisted of genetic counselling and cascade genetic testing in @entity0 and further extension to relatives of those identified as mutation carriers. All exons and exon/intron boundaries of @entity3 and @entity5 genes were screened by direct bidirectional sequencing. We identified @entity3 mutations in 19 of the 92 unrelated @entity0 (20.6%) and in 14 additional, clinically healthy relatives. Eleven of these latter subsequently underwent excision of @entity4 , but none developed PCM during a median follow-up of 37.3 months. In three @entity0 from unrelated families, the novel @entity3 @entity6 ( @entity7 ) mutation was observed, associated with PCM in each pedigree. Genetic screening of @entity4 @entity0 and their relatives can contribute towards specific primary and secondary prevention programmes for individuals at high genetic risk of PCM. The novel @entity3 @entity6 ( @entity7 ) mutation adds to the known mutations associated with @entity4 .

title: Genetic counselling and high-penetrance susceptibility gene analysis reveal the novel XXXX @entity6 ( @entity7 ) mutation in @entity2 -prone families from Italy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) afflicts up to 20% of older @entity0 and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity, but a rather low risk of progression of leg symptoms. These risk estimations are largely taken from cohort studies performed 20 years ago. To test the validity of this, available data were systematically reviewed and attempts were made to perform meta-analyses of CV risk and disease progression. METHODS: A database literature search was conducted of the period 1990-2015 using related subject headings. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies for @entity3 , sample size >100 subjects, follow up time >= 1 year, and studies presenting endpoints covering mortality and/or CV events. Analyses were performed for a reference population, as well as groups with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), symptomatic @entity3 , and subjects with ankle brachial index <0.9. RESULTS: Of 354 identified articles, 35 were eligible for systematic review. Sample size varied between 109 and 16,440 subjects. Mean age in the cohorts ranged from 56 to 81 years (SD 10.8) and mean follow up was 6.3 years (range 1-13). Most included @entity0 with symptomatic @entity3 had @entity2 (91%). Symptomatic @entity3 subjects had higher 5 year cumulative CV mortality than the reference population, 13% versus 5%. During follow up, approximately 7% of @entity4 @entity0 progressed to @entity2 , and 21% of @entity2 @entity0 were diagnosed as having @entity1 , with 4-27% undergoing amputations. CONCLUSION: The risk to the limb is underestimated in @entity3 @entity0 , whereas the CV related morbidity is more moderate than stated in the guidelines. The latter observation is especially valid for @entity2 @entity0 . These findings should be considered when evaluating @entity0 for treatment.

title: The Risk of Disease Progression in XXXX is Higher than Expected: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality and Disease Progression in @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The possible role of intracellular @entity1 levels ([ @entity1 ]i) in desensitization of nicotinic @entity3 receptors (AChRs) was investigated in @entity0 cultured chromaffin cells by use of combined whole-cell patch clamping and confocal laser scanning microscopy with the fluorescent dye @entity8 . 2. On cells held at -70 mV, pressure-application of @entity5 elicited inward currents with associated [ @entity1 ]i rises mainly due to influx through nicotinic AChRs. These responses were blocked by @entity6 (10 microM) but were insensitive to alpha-bungarotoxin (1 microM) or @entity7 (0.1 mM). 3. Pressure applications of 1 mM @entity5 for 2 s (conditioning pulse) evoked inward currents which faded biexponentially to a steady state level due to receptor desensitization and were accompanied by a sustained increase in [ @entity1 ]i. Inward currents evoked by subsequent application of brief test pulses of @entity5 were @entity2 but recovered with a time course reciprocal to the decay of the [ @entity1 ]i transient induced by the conditioning pulse. 4. Omission of intracellular @entity1 chelators or use of high extracellular @entity1 solution (10 mM) lengthened recovery of nicotinic AChRs from desensitization while adding @entity10 or @entity9 intracellularly had the opposite effect. When the patch pipette contained @entity8 or no chelators, after establishing whole cell conditions the rate of recovery became progressively longer presumably due to dialysis of endogenous @entity1 buffers. None of these manipulations of external or internal @entity1 had any effect on onset or steady state level of desensitization. 5. High spatial resolution imaging of [ @entity1 ]i in intact cells (in the presence of 0.1 mM @entity7 ) showed that its level in the immediate submembrane area decayed at the same rate as in the rest of the cell, indicating that @entity1 was in a strategic location to modulate (directly or indirectly) AChR desensitization. 6. The present data suggest that desensitized nicotinic AChRs are stabilized in their conformation by raised [ @entity1 ]i and that this @entity4 their recovery to full activity.

title: Imaging of intracellular calcium during desensitization of nicotinic XXXX receptors of @entity0 chromaffin cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for their features of clinical presentation, response to chemotherapy, and prognosis on the basis of a prospective randomized clinical trial. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity9 and FCL who entered onto the prospective randomized comparison of @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity2 ( @entity8 ) versus @entity10 and @entity7 (PmM) followed by a second randomization for interferon (IFN) maintenance versus observation only. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-five of 234 @entity0 had FCL and 45 of 234 @entity0 had @entity9 . With FCL, both sexes were equally affected ( @entity0 , 47%); @entity0 with @entity9 were predominantly @entity0 (78%; P < .0004) and had a higher median age (64 v 53 years; P < .0001). @entity0 with @entity9 also had more @entity1 , reflected by the proportion of @entity0 with two or greater extranodal manifestations (43% v 21%; P < .005) and nine or greater involved nodal areas (64% v 45%; nonsignificant [NS]). Response to chemotherapy was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity9 (complete remission [CR] + partial remission [PR], 69% v 88%; P < .05) and occurred at a slower pace. @entity0 with @entity9 also had a shorter event-free interval (median, 8 v 24 months; P < .0001) and overall survival (median, 28 v 77 months; P < .0001). In both subtypes, however, @entity0 with less than two residual lymphoma manifestations in remission experienced a relatively good prognosis with an estimated 5-year survival of greater than 60% for @entity9 and greater than 75% for FCL. CONCLUSION: @entity9 and FCL differ substantially in their features of presentation, response to chemotherapy, and long-term prognosis. The extent of @entity1 after completion of chemotherapy discriminates @entity0 with different prognosis and may be used for the stratification of postremission strategies.

title: @entity5 have more XXXX and a slower response to chemotherapy compared with @entity3 : results of a prospective comparative analysis of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Acquired and inherited @entity1 are associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Antithrombotic therapy could restore hemostatic balance and improve early placentation and gestational outcome. We evaluated the efficacy of @entity4 adapted to the fertility program for prevention of @entity3 in 35 @entity0 (W) with early @entity3 and @entity1 . Previous to the diagnosis of @entity1 , they had had a total of 105 gestations of which 89 (85%) ended in early @entity3 . After diagnosis of @entity1 , 35 subsequent pregnancies were treated with @entity4 . In 5 cases assisted reproductive techniques were necessary to achieve pregnancy due to @entity2 . In 17 W who had had at least one preclinical @entity3 , @entity4 (20 mg/d/s.c.) was started previous to conception and adapted to the fertility program. All the @entity0 continued with the gestational regime. Eighteen W with only clinical @entity3 started @entity4 (20 mg twice per day s.c.) after biochemical pregnancy diagnosis. During gestations heparin dose was adjusted with anti Xa test, maintaining a range between 0.3 at 0.6 u/ml. With antithrombotic therapy, 30/35 (85%) of the pregnancies ended in live birth versus 16/105 (15%) of the pregnancies without treatment (p < 0.001). These results suggest that @entity4 adapted to the fertility program can be effective in the prevention of preclinical and clinical abortion in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Treatment with @entity4 adapted to the fertility programs in XXXX with recurrent abortion and @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Research suggests that @entity1 ( @entity1 ) influences insulin sensitivity and @entity0 tolerance. Reductions in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations are associated with exercise training (ExTr), which improves insulin sensitivity and @entity0 uptake. PURPOSE: A secondary analysis of previously published data was conducted to examine the relationship between @entity1 , TSH and @entity0 homeostatic control at baseline and to assess the impact of ExTr on thyroid status and how @entity1 affects changes in insulin sensitivity after ExTr. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from a 36-week ExTr and whey protein supplementation intervention trial. Subjects (n = 304, 48    7 years, females = 186) were randomized to a specific whey protein group (0, 20, 40, or 60 g per day) and all subjects participated in a resistance (2 d/wk) and aerobic (1 d/wk) training program. Testing was conducted at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS: At baseline, 36% (n = 110) and 12% (n = 35) of subjects were classified with @entity1 based on the TSH >=  3   IU/L or TSH >=  4.5   IU/L cut-offs, respectively. No association was found between baseline TSH and baseline measures of @entity0 homeostatic control. Whey protein supplementation did not influence intervention outcomes. Post-intervention (n = 164), no change was observed in TSH. @entity1 did not affect changes in insulin sensitivity following ExTr. CONCLUSION: These results support that the health benefits of ExTr for the management of insulin resistance (IR) are not blunted by @entity1 .

title: Thyroid status, insulin sensitivity and XXXX tolerance in overweight and obese adults before and after 36 weeks of whey protein supplementation and exercise training.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This article describes our experience with neck dissection in 10 @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2007 and October 2009, 10 @entity0 underwent primary surgery for the treatment of @entity3 . For @entity0 with N0 disease on clinical exam, selective neck dissection (SND [I-III]) was performed. In @entity0 with palpable cervical @entity1 (N+), modified radical neck dissections were performed, except in one @entity0 in whom SND (I-III) was performed. The histopathologic reports were reviewed to assess the surgical margins, the presence of extra-capsular spread, perineural invasion, and lymphatic invasion. RESULTS: On histopathologic examination, positive soft tissue margins were found in three @entity0 , and regional lymph node @entity1 were present in five of the ten @entity0 . Perineural invasion was noted in five @entity0 , and extra nodal spread was found in four @entity0 . Regional recurrence was seen in two @entity0 and loco-regional recurrence plus distant @entity1 to the tibia was observed in one @entity0 . During the study period, three @entity0 died. Seven @entity0 remain free of disease to date. CONCLUSION: Histopathological evaluation provides important and reliable information for disease staging, treatment planning, and prognosis. The philosophy of neck dissection is evolving rapidly with regard to the selectivity with which at-risk lymph node groups are removed. The sample size in the present study is small, thus, caution should be employed when interpreting these results.

title: Neck dissection for XXXX : our experience and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Compartment syndrome refers to a condition of compromised circulation within a limited space due to increased pressure within that space. The reduced tissue perfusion results in reduced venous drainage, leading to increased interstitial tissue pressure and subsequent compromised arterial flow. Although not as common as compartment syndrome of the leg and forearm, compartment syndrome of the hand is not rare and can lead to devastating sequelae as a result of tissue @entity1 . Compartment syndrome of the hand has several etiologies, including @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity3 , and constrictive bandaging. The cardinal clinical sign is @entity4 that is aggravated by passive stretching of the muscles within the involved compartments. Extremity function is usually restored with expeditious fasciotomy of the involved @entity8 , and complications, such as @entity2 and Volkmann's @entity11 , can usually be prevented. There are no reported cases of compartment syndrome of the hand in @entity0 with @entity6 or @entity9 . @entity6 is a form of @entity10 that affects the skin and internal organs. The limited cutaneous subset affects the skin of the extremities but is associated with a set of characteristic features that includes @entity5 , @entity9 , esophageal involvement, sclerodactyly, and @entity12 . This report describes an unusual case of a @entity0 who had spontaneous compartment syndrome of the hand. The @entity0 's concomitant limited cutaneous @entity6 may have played a role in this unusual occurrence. The diagnosis was based on the clinical picture, and the symptoms resolved after surgical decompression. [Orthopedics. 2015; 38(9):e849-e851.].

title: Spontaneous Compartment Syndrome of the Hand in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some randomized clinical trials of @entity9 therapy to prevent @entity6 have had positive results and others have had negative results, but all were relatively small. This meta-analysis aimed to pool all trials to assess the effect of @entity9 on mortality and the impact of differences in @entity0 population and study design on trial outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifteen randomized trials were identified, and outcome measures were combined by use of a random effects model. The effect of @entity0 population and study design on total mortality was assessed by use of a hierarchical Bayes model. @entity9 reduced total mortality by 19% (confidence limits, 6% to 31%; P<.01), with somewhat greater reductions in cardiac mortality (23%, P<.001) and @entity4 (30%, P<.001). Mortality reductions were similar in trials enrolling @entity0 after @entity1 (21%), with @entity5 (22%), and after @entity7 (25%). There was a trend toward greater risk reduction in trials requiring evidence of @entity8 (25%) than in the remaining trials (10%). The trials using placebo controls had considerably less risk reduction (10%) than trials with active controls (27%) or usual care controls (42%, posterior odds <0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 reduced total mortality by 10% to 19% in @entity0 at risk of @entity6 . @entity9 reduced risk similarly in @entity0 after @entity1 , with @entity2 , or with clinically evident @entity3 . The apparent inconsistencies among results of randomized trials appear to be due to small sample sizes and the type of control group used, not the type of @entity0 enrolled.

title: Quantitative overview of randomized trials of @entity9 to prevent XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Heterozygous germline @entity1 mutations are causative of @entity3 ( @entity0 ), but detection rates > 70% have rarely been reported. We aimed to define the causative mutations in individuals with @entity3 without @entity1 mutations. METHODS: We undertook exome sequencing on lymphocyte DNA from four unrelated individuals from families with @entity3 with no @entity1 mutations found by Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), or RNA analysis. RESULTS: A germline heterozygous nonsense mutation in @entity4 was identified in one of four exomes. Sanger sequencing of @entity4 in 23 additional @entity1 -negative @entity3 families identified a @entity4 mutation in a second family. Copy-number analysis of @entity4 by MLPA revealed a large heterozygous deletion in a third family. All three @entity4 -positive families fulfilled diagnostic criteria for @entity3 , although none had odontogenic jaw keratocysts. Each @entity4 -positive family included a single case of @entity2 , whereas only two (1.7%) of 115 individuals with @entity3 and a @entity1 mutation developed @entity2 . CONCLUSION: We demonstrate convincing evidence that @entity4 mutations can cause classical @entity3 . Our study redefines the risk of @entity2 in @entity3 , dependent on the underlying causative gene. Previous reports have found a 5% risk of @entity2 in @entity3 . We found a < 2% risk in @entity1 mutation-positive individuals, with a risk up to 20* higher in @entity4 mutation-positive individuals. Our data suggest childhood brain magnetic resonance imaging surveillance is justified in @entity4 -related, but not @entity1 -related, @entity3 .

title: Germline Mutations in XXXX Cause Gorlin Syndrome-Associated @entity2 and Redefine the Risk Associated With @entity1 Mutations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 in a distal extremity that is accompanied by @entity6 in the same region is taken to indicate @entity8 . Typically, @entity4 to light touch is present in addition to the spontaneous @entity1 . The absence of @entity4 indicates that the underlying mechanism is central rather than peripheral sensitization. This mechanism is similar to that of secondary @entity4 in the intact skin surrounding an injury site. Sympathetically maintained @entity1 (SMP) is diagnosed, when these sensory symptoms are reversible under sympathetic blockade. SMP is not due to @entity5 of sympathetic efferents but to receptor supersensitivity, probably by overexpression of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors on nociceptive primary afferents. This way normal levels of @entity2 can cause pathological spontaneous activity of nociceptors which maintains the central sensitization. @entity3 and @entity4 may also be independent of the sympathetic innervation of the skin. In this case, central sensitization is maintained by other mechanisms. A role of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of @entity1 cannot be deduced simply from the simultaneous presence of sensory and autonomic clinical signs and symptoms. Therefore, sympathetic blockade in a @entity0 initially is a diagnostic procedure, aiming to demonstrate the presence of the symptom SMP. Therapeutic blockade is only indicated after this demonstration. For the substantial number of @entity0 with sympathetically independent @entity1 , other treatment modalities are needed which may for @entity7 .

title: [Pathophysiology and diagnosis in @entity0 with sympathetically dependent XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 generally carries a poor prognosis and the determinants of survival have been of interest. However, survival estimates in Asian populations are scarce. This study describes survival rates and their determinants in Singapore Chinese @entity0 , a primarily non-smoking population. Three hundred and twenty-six Chinese @entity0 , diagnosed with primary @entity1 in three major hospitals in Singapore between April 1996 and December 1998, were followed up till 31 December 2000. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Two hundred and eighty (85.7%) died from the disease during follow-up. The median survival time was 0.7 years and the three-year survival was 15.8%. These survival rates are similar to those of Western populations, and they provide a basis for examining trends over time. Age at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor [adjusted hazard ratio (relative risk) 1.4, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.1-1.9 for @entity0 above 65 years relative to younger @entity0 ]. Most (70.5%) @entity2 were stage III/IV at diagnosis. Three-year survival ranged from 72% among @entity0 with @entity2 to 7% for stage IV @entity2 . Overall, there was no survival difference among different histological types in all stages combined. When limited to stages I and II @entity2 , @entity3 were associated with a better outcome relative to other histological subtypes combined (adjusted relative risk 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-1.0). Smoking was an independent risk factor (adjusted relative risk 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.8). Nevertheless, non-smokers comprised 57.4% of this series, highlighting the importance of increased awareness among health professionals and the public that @entity1 is not only a disease of smokers. The high proportion of @entity2 in this study and the impact of disease stage on outcome underline the importance of early detection in improving survival of @entity1 .

title: Survival among Chinese XXXX with @entity1 in Singapore: a comparison by stage, histology and smoking status.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: High performing clinical decision rules (CDRs) have been derived to predict which head-injured @entity0 requires a computed tomography (CT) of the brain. We set out to evaluate the performance of these rules in the Singapore population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational cohort study of @entity0 aged less than 16 who presented to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from April 2014 to June 2014 with a history of @entity3 . Predictor variables used in the Canadian Assessment of Tomography for @entity3 (CATCH), @entity0 's @entity3 Algorithm for the Prediction of Important Clinical Events (CHALICE) and Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) CDRs were collected. Decisions on CT imaging and disposition were made at the physician's discretion. The performance of the CDRs were assessed and compared to current practices. RESULTS: A total of 1179 @entity0 were included in this study. Twelve (1%) CT scans were ordered; 6 (0.5%) of them had positive findings. The application of the CDRs would have resulted in a significant increase in the number of @entity0 being subjected to CT (as follows): CATCH 237 (20.1%), CHALICE 282 (23.9%), PECARN high- and intermediate-risk 456 (38.7%), PECARN high-risk only 45 (3.8%). The CDRs demonstrated sensitivities of: CATCH 100% (54.1 to 100), CHALICE 83.3% (35.9 to 99.6), PECARN 100% (54.1 to 100), and specificities of: CATCH 80.3% (77.9 to 82.5), CHALICE 76.4% (73.8 to 78.8), PECARN high- and intermediate-risk 61.6% (58.8 to 64.4) and PECARN high-risk only 96.7% (95.5 to 97.6). CONCLUSION: The CDRs demonstrated high accuracy in detecting @entity0 with positive CT findings but direct application in areas with low rates of significant @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is likely to increase unnecessary CT scans ordered. Clinical observation in most cases may be a better alternative.

title: Clinical Decision Rules for Paediatric XXXX : Are CT Scans a Necessary Evil?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity6 ( @entity8 ), a type of @entity6 , has close links with @entity3 metabolism and is often used as a biomarker in evaluating the risk of @entity2 . However, most studies on the health implications of @entity8 have focused on its effects on the nervous system, while its effects on cardiovascular risk factors have largely been unreported. Thus, the effects of @entity8 on coagulation status in high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic @entity0 were evaluated in this study. METHODS: Sprague Dawley male @entity0 were divided into five different groups and fed with HFD alone, HFD low-dose @entity8 , HFD high-dose @entity8 , HFD @entity7 (10   mg/kg day), and normal pellet alone. Food was given ad libitum while body weight of @entity0 was measured weekly. After 12 weeks of intervention, @entity0 were sacrificed and serum and tissue samples were collected for biochemistry and gene expression analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The results showed that @entity8 could improve lipid metabolism and @entity4 -associated coagulation. @entity8 exerted comparable or sometimes better physiological effects than @entity7 , at biochemical and gene expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated that @entity8 prevented HFD-induced @entity4 and @entity1 in @entity0 through regulation of lipid-related and coagulation-related genes and, by extension, induced metabolite and protein changes. The implications of the present findings are that @entity8 may be used to prevent coagulation-related cardiovascular events in @entity5 . These findings are worth studying further.

title: XXXX attenuates hypercoagulation on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an @entity2 associated with @entity4 usually seronegative for rheumatoid factor. An increased frequency of HLA-DR4 has been noted in @entity6 , particularly among @entity0 with a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity2 . The aim of the current investigation was to compare @entity3 *04 alleles in @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity0 with @entity1 , and healthy controls. Sample size calculations based on the frequency of HLA-DR4 suggested that 90 individuals in each @entity0 group would be sufficient to address our question. Therefore, 90 @entity3 *04 positive @entity0 from each @entity0 group underwent high resolution molecular typing and were included in this study. Although @entity3 *0401 was the most frequent allele in all groups, its frequency among the @entity6 @entity0 was lower than that of @entity1 @entity0 and controls. @entity3 *0402 was higher among @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 with @entity1 were more likely to have more than one shared epitope allele than either @entity6 or the healthy control group. @entity5 alleles did not contribute further information. We suggest that the differences in the class II HLA epitope(s) may also be related to interaction specificity with another molecule functioning in the immune response to a putative arthritogenic antigen and result in differences in disease expression.

title: XXXX *04 alleles in @entity6 : comparison with @entity1 and healthy controls.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen is a cryptic glycoprotein, referred to as @entity1 antigen or @entity1 -associated antigen because it is absent or masked by some @entity7 in normal tissues, but present in many @entity0 @entity1 . The latter include @entity4 , pancreatic, mammary, and some @entity2 . @entity1 cells frequently undergo incomplete glycosylation resulting in the appearance of precursor structures that normally would be absent like the case with the T antigen. T antigen can be detected by several different reagents including monoclonal antibodies and several plant lectins-e.g., Arachis hypogea (peanut agglutinin). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the expression of T antigen in @entity3 and to compare it with its simulators. The authors studied the immunohistochemical expression of T antigen in 45 skin biopsy and excisional specimens obtained from the archives of their dermatopathology laboratories, including 8 cases of @entity3 , 15 cases of sebaceous @entity5 , 9 cases of sebaceoma, 1 case of @entity6 with @entity6 with cytologic atypia. @entity3 was unique in expressing a strong, diffuse cytoplasmic T antigen reactivity (7 of 8 cases) along the immature basaloid cells and the intermediate cells. However, sebaceous @entity5 , sebaceoma, and @entity6 expressed negative reaction in the basaloid cells and mild reactivity in the intermediate cells. Mature sebocytes showed a strong reaction in all cases. The authors concluded that T antigen expression may be a helpful tool in differentiating @entity3 from other sebaceous lesions that may simulate it histologically.

title: Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen: a possible tool for differentiating XXXX from its simulators.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The brain is a major target organ for @entity3 considering its high density of glucocorticoid receptors. Several states of @entity4 point towards impairments in cognitive functioning. However, there is a very limited body of research on the effects of hypocortisolism on cognitive functioning. AIM: To evaluate cognitive functioning in @entity0 with hypocortisolism (i.e., primary @entity5 (PAI)) and to examine the possible effect of postponing early-morning @entity3 intake on cognitive functioning. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity0 with PAI on regular morning @entity3 intake and 31 healthy matched controls underwent nine neuropsychological tests, evaluating memory and executive functioning. In addition, the effect of normal timing and postponement of morning @entity3 intake on neuropsychological tests were assessed in an additional 29 @entity0 with PAI. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity0 with PAI performed @entity2 (all P <=0.024) and executive functioning tasks (all P <=0.012). In contrast, @entity0 performed better on a concentration and an attention task (both P<0.05). Postponement of @entity3 intake in the morning did not affect the outcomes of neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION: @entity0 on long-term @entity3 replacement for PAI show mild @entity1 compared to controls. There was no effect of postponement of regular @entity3 intake on cognition.

title: Mild @entity1 in XXXX with primary @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In recent years, intramedullary nails (INs) for the treatment of pertrochanteric @entity1 have gained prominence relative to conventional, sliding hip screws (SHSs). There is little empirical background for this development, however. A previous series of ours suggested that the use of @entity3 was not adequate in situations with fragile or fractured lateral femoral walls, where it often led to lack of healing in a maximally telescoped position. We hypothesized that INs would be the superior implant in these specific circumstances. METHODS: We retrospectively examined 311 consecutive @entity0 treated in our department between 2002 and 2008, with either an IN (n = 158) or an @entity3 (n = 153) mounted on a 4-hole side-plate, for an AO/OTA type 31A1-2 pertrochanteric @entity2 with a detached greater trochanter. The status of the lesser trochanter was assessed preoperatively and the integrity of the lateral femoral wall, @entity2 reduction, and position of the implants were assessed postoperatively. Reoperations due to technical failure were recorded for one year postoperatively. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the groups were similar regarding demographic and biomechanical parameters. The lateral femoral wall was more frequently fractured during @entity3 implantation (42 @entity0 ) than in the IN group (9 @entity0 ) (p < 0.001). 6 (4%) of the 158 @entity0 operated with IN had to be reoperated, as compared to 22 (14%) in the @entity3 group of 153 @entity0 (p = 0.001). INTERPRETATION: IN had a lower reoperation rate than @entity3 in these pertrochanteric @entity1 with a detached greater trochanter. IN left more lateral femoral walls intact.

title: Intramedullary nailing appears to be superior in pertrochanteric XXXX with a detached greater trochanter: 311 consecutive @entity0 followed for 1 year.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the association between angiogenesis and the clinicopathologic features in @entity2 , @entity1 expression in the @entity6 was examined by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, and the microvessel density was determined by counting microvessels in the @entity6 by using immunostaining for @entity5 . METHODS: Seven fresh-frozen and 15 @entity3 -embedded tissues were analyzed by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining for @entity1 , respectively. The microvessel density was measured in the 15 @entity3 -embedded tissues. Furthermore, immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen was performed, and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index was calculated. RESULTS: All of the 7 analyzed @entity6 were positive for @entity1 messenger RNA, as determined by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, whereas @entity4 and atrium tissues were negative. Positive immunohistochemical reaction for @entity1 was observed in the cells of all 15 @entity6 . The size of @entity6 with high @entity1 expression was smaller than that of @entity6 with low @entity1 expression. The microvessel density in @entity6 with high @entity1 expression was higher than that in @entity6 with low @entity1 expression. There was an inverse correlation between the @entity0 size and the ratio of the microvessel density in the central part to the microvessel density in the peripheral part of @entity6 . Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index and the @entity0 size, and the prolferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index in @entity6 with high @entity1 expression was higher than that in @entity6 with low @entity1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 produce @entity1 , which probably induces angiogenesis for @entity0 growth.

title: Expression of @entity1 and angiogenesis in XXXX : a study of fifteen patients.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1577 Background: @entity0 Care among Arab American @entity1 (ArA) in the U.S. is not well documented. Dearborn, Michigan (a suburb west of Detroit) is home to a large and diverse population of Arabic ancestry. Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center (OHMC) is located in Dearborn. METHODS: We analyzed @entity0 cases among ArA at OHMC between 2000 and 2009 and compared with European American @entity1 (EA). ArA were identified by utilizing a validated name algorithm (Schwartz 2004). Data were obtained from the Detroit SEER registry and OHMC data bases. RESULTS: @entity0 was diagnosed in 121 ArA and 2464 EA. Forty nine ArA (40%) and 516 (20%) EA were age <50 at diagnosis (p value <.0001). In contrast 16% ArA (40%) and 36% EA were age >70 at diagnosis (p value <.0001). @entity2 was found in 14% of ArA and 24% of EA (p value <.0001). Regional or metastatic disease at diagnosis was present in 51 ArA (42%) and 722 (29%) EA (p value <.0001). Stage difference between the groups was most noticeable under the age of 50. There was not statistical significant difference in the rate of Mastectomy between ArA 51 (42%) and EA 916 (37%) (P value 0.3442). The administration of radiation and hormonal therapy was similar between the 2 groups and among younger and older @entity1 ; however 65% of ArA age <50 vs. 46% of EA age <50 received chemotherapy. At the time of this analysis 87% of ArA and 82% of EA were alive. No ArA were enrolled into Clinical Trials and only 4 underwent genetic/familial high risk assessment. CONCLUSIONS: At OHMC, ArA were diagnosed with @entity0 at a younger age and with more advanced stage than EA but their survival was comparable. Mastectomy rates for the 2 groups were similar. Chemotherapy was given more frequently to younger ArA. Cultural differences did not seem to influence treatment; however ArA did not enroll in Clinical Trials and were unlikely to be evaluated for @entity3 .

title: Observations on cancer of the breast among Arab-American XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection compared to conventional approach for surgical treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 presenting with incomplete response after chemoradiation. METHOD: Twenty eight @entity0 with @entity3 were randomized to undergo surgical treatment by laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection or conventional approach and evaluated prospectively. Thirteen underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and 15 conventional approach. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (p<0,05) between the two studied groups regarding: gender, age, body mass index, @entity0 with previous abdominal surgeries, intra and post operative complications, need for blood transfusion, hospital stay after surgery, length of resected segment and pathological staging. Mean operation time was 228 minutes for the laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection versus 284 minutes for the conventional approach (p=0.04). Mean anesthesia duration was shorter (p=0.03) for laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection when compared to conventional approach : 304 and 362 minutes, respectively. There was no need for conversion to open approach in this series. After a mean follow-up of 47.2 months and with the exclusion of two @entity0 in the conventional abdominoperineal resection who presented with unsuspected synchronic @entity1 during surgery, local recurrence was observed in two @entity0 in the conventional group and in none in the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection is feasible, similar to conventional approach concerning surgery duration, intra operative morbidity, blood requirements and post operative morbidity. Larger number of cases and an extended follow-up are required to adequate evaluation of oncological results for @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection after chemoradiation for radical treatment of @entity2 .

title: Conventional approach x laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for XXXX treatment after neoadjuvant chemoradiation: results of a prospective randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The primary cell types that sustain polyomavirus (Py) replication following intranasal infection as well as the nature of the host cellular response to Py were unknown. As this is an essential and specific site for virus entry, it seems likely that viral gene function must be adapted to these mucosal tissues. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we determined the cell types in the lung that support Py gene expression and replication following intranasal inoculation of newborn @entity0 within 24 h of birth. Lungs were collected daily from days 1 to 10 postinfection for Py DNA and early T antigen analysis and for histological examination by H_E staining, using methods that preserve the delicate newborn lung architecture. Viral DNA was present in increasing quantities from 2 to 6 dpi in a subset of the Clara cells lining the inner lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles, while T antigen expression was present in a majority of the cells in the bronchi and bronchiole lumen. A distinct and transient @entity1 was observed among the cells expressing T antigen and was present from 3 through 6 dpi. Py DNA-containing cells exfoliated into the bronchiole lumen and alveolar ducts, but Py T antigen was not detected in these cells. Py DNA was first detected at 2 dpi, increased through 6 dpi, and abruptly declined through 9 dpi at which time there was no sign of viral DNA in the lungs by in situ hybridization. An unusual infiltration of neutrophils began before the presence of exfoliated cells or Py replication and continued for 2-3 days and was followed by a lymphocytic infiltration at 8-10 dpi lasting 2-3 days. Neither the @entity1 nor the neutrophil infiltration occurred following infection with the MOP1033 MT-Ag or @entity2 LT-Ag mutants of Py. In addition, both the neutrophil infiltration and the transient @entity1 are in stark contrast to the heavy macrophage infiltration that follows infection of lungs with @entity0 adenovirus. Thus it appears that Py elicits a distinct host response pattern not seen with other DNA viral infections.

title: The distribution and kinetics of polyomavirus in lungs of intranasally infected newborn XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current TNM classification for @entity4 stratifies extravesical extension into microscopic (pT3a) and macroscopic (pT3b) @entity2 involvement. The authors evaluated the outcomes of @entity0 with pT3a and pT3b disease after radical cystectomy. METHODS: @entity0 (n = 129) with transitional cell @entity4 treated with radical cystectomy alone demonstrated pathologic extravesical @entity2 extension: 37 (29%) had pT3a disease and 92 (71%) had pT3b disease. No @entity0 received any adjuvant therapy. With a median follow-up of 13.6 years, the presence of lymph node involvement, margin positivity, local (pelvic) and distant disease recurrence, and clinical outcomes were determined. RESULTS: Of the 129 @entity0 , 43 (33%) had lymph node @entity2 involvement: 13 of 37 @entity0 with pT3a disease (35%) and 30 of 92 @entity0 with pT3b disease (33%). The 10-year recurrence-free and overall survival for the entire group was 54% and 20%, respectively. No statistical difference between pT3a and pT3b disease was observed with regard to recurrence-free (P = 0.54) and overall (P = 0.66) survival. Lymph node involvement was predictive of a significantly worse 10-year recurrence-free survival (32%) compared with lymph node-negative disease (60%; P = 0.003). @entity3 recurrence was reported to occur in 12 @entity0 (9%), whereas 37 @entity0 (29%) were reported to develop distant @entity1 . Among those who had disease recurrence, the type of disease recurrence (local or distant) was not found to be associated with @entity2 stage (pT3a vs, pT3b, P = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: This cohort of surgically managed @entity0 provided insight into the long-term natural history of pathologically confirmed extravesical @entity4 after radical cystectomy. There was no important difference in the incidence of lymph node involvement, survival rates, and disease recurrence rates between @entity0 with microscopic and macroscopic extravesical extension. Adjuvant protocols should be undertaken for these high-risk @entity0 to further improve on these clinical outcomes.

title: Natural history of surgically treated @entity4 with extravesical XXXX extension.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study was performed to compare the analgesic efficacy of @entity4 (25, 50, or 100 mg) with that of @entity1 (650 mg), or placebo. Two hundred fifty-five inpatients with severe @entity2 were randomly assigned to receive a single oral dose of one of the four active treatments or placebo. @entity3 was assessed over an 8-hour period. Treatments were compared on the basis of standard scales for @entity2 intensity and relief and a number of derived variables based on these data, as well as two global ratings of the study medication. All active treatments were effective analgesics statistically superior to placebo for many hourly and summary measures, including the global ratings. @entity4 (50 and 100 mg) was statistically significantly superior to @entity1 at half-hour and for many other hourly scores from hour 3 on. The 4- and 8-hour sum of the @entity2 intensity difference and total @entity2 relief scores reflected the superiority of @entity4 to @entity1 . In addition, the 100-mg dose was significantly more efficacious than the 25-mg dose of @entity4 . The probability of obtaining onset was significantly better for all active treatments than for placebo; however, the median onset times were similar for all treatments. The duration of effect, as measured by mean @entity2 intensity difference and relief scores, was better for @entity4 than @entity1 , and these differences were significant for the 50- and 100-mg doses. The probability of @entity2 returning to baseline was significantly less for the @entity4 groups than for placebo or @entity1 groups. In addition, significantly fewer @entity0 treated with @entity4 (25, 50, or 100 mg) or @entity1 (650 mg) required remedication during the 8-hour study period as compared with those treated with placebo. @entity4 is an effective analgesic in the range of @entity1 (650 mg) at the 25-mg dose and superior in efficacy and longer lasting than @entity1 at the 50- and 100-mg doses. The onset of @entity3 was similar for @entity1 and @entity4 .

title: Onset and duration of @entity3 of @entity4 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various histopathological parameters have been extensively studied for prognostication of @entity1 but the focus is now getting diverted towards the role of inflammatory mediators in @entity1 progression. The present study was undertaken to evaluate two such components of the inflammatory milieu, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) as well as Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression, quantitatively in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 in relation to treatment outcomes and patterns of recurrence. A total of forty five @entity0 with primary @entity2 matching our inclusion criteria were selected for the study and followed up over a five year period. @entity5 was evaluated from the invasive front of the @entity1 using @entity4 and @entity3 (H _ E) stained sections of histopathological specimens and graded as mild, moderate or intense. COX-2 gene expression was obtained from specimens using the reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. A statistically significant association was observed between degree of @entity5 and locoregional recurrence (P  <  0.001). The expression of COX-2 gene ranged from 0.4326 to 0.9998 and a higher mean COX-2 score was recorded in samples with intense degree of @entity5 followed by moderate and mild @entity5 . (P  <  0.001). Using the t-test, the difference in mean COX-2 was found to be statistically significant (P  <  0.001) between @entity0 who developed locoregional recurrence and those who did not. The analysis of @entity5 may provide an indication of future recurrence at the time of diagnosis of @entity2 . Also, the increased expression of COX-2 gene in @entity2 strongly suggests its possible use as a chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic target.

title: Quantitative Evaluation of Tumour - Associated Tissue Eosinophilia and Cyclo-oxegenase-2 Gene in @entity1 XXXX with Assessment of Long Term Outcomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: A number of observations have indicated that the immune system plays a significant role in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In cases of @entity2 , the prognostic significance of @entity1 infiltrating lymphocytes has not been clearly explained yet. The aim is to determine the phenotype and activation molecules of cytotoxic T cell and NK cell subpopulations and to compare their representation in @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cytotoxic cells taken from blood samples of the cubital vein and @entity1 were obtained from 53 @entity0 with @entity2 . Their surface and activation characteristics were determined by means of a flow cytometer. Immunophenotype multiparametric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and @entity1 infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was carried out. RESULTS: CD3(+) T lymphocytes were the main population of TILs (75.9%) and PBLs (70.9%). The number of activating T cells was significantly higher in TILs: CD3(+)/69(+) 6.7% vs. 0.8% (p < 0.001). The representation of (CD3(-)/16(+)56(+)) NK cells in TILs was significantly higher: 11.0% vs. 5.6% (p = 0.041); likewise @entity5 (bright) and CD-56(bright) from @entity5 (+) cells were higher in TILs (both p < 0.001). The activation receptor @entity6 was present in 45.1% of TILs vs. 32.3% of PBLs (p = 0.034), but we did not find a significant difference in the numbers of @entity5 (+)/ @entity6 (+) in TILs and PBLs. CONCLUSIONS: These results prove that the characteristics and intensity of anti- @entity1 responses are different in compared compartments ( @entity3 /PBLs). The knowledge of phenotype and functions of effector cells is the basic precondition for understanding the anti- @entity1 immune response.

title: Comparative study of various subpopulations of cytotoxic cells in blood and @entity3 from XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of intensive glycemic control in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 are not well quantified. It is therefore not clear which @entity0 will benefit most from aggressive glycemic control. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of glycemic control in @entity3 2 @entity1 . DESIGN: Markov decision model. @entity0 : @entity1 @entity0 at a health maintenance organization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risks for developing @entity6 and @entity4 ; number of @entity0 and @entity0 -years needed to treat to prevent complications. RESULTS: For a @entity0 in whom @entity1 developed before 50 years of age, reducing hemoglobin A1c levels from 9% to 7% results in an estimated 2.3-percentage point decrease (from 2.6% to 0.3%) in lifetime risk for @entity6 due to @entity5 . The same change in a @entity0 with @entity1 onset at 65 years of age would be expected to decrease the risk for @entity6 by 0.5 percentage points (from 0.5% to < 0.1%). However, the Markov model predicts substantially greater benefit when moving from poor to moderate glycemic control than when moving from moderate to almost-normal glycemic control. Targeting less than 20% of the @entity0 at one health maintenance organization for intensified therapy may prevent more than 80% of the preventable @entity0 -time spent blind. The risks for @entity4 and the risk reduction provided by improved glycemic control are lower than those for @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: This probability model, based on extrapolation from the experience with @entity3 1 @entity1 , suggests that @entity0 with early onset of @entity3 2 @entity1 will accrue substantial benefit from almost-normal glycemic control. In @entity0 with later onset, moderate glycemic control prevents most end-stage complications caused by @entity2 . These results have important implications for informing @entity0 and allocating health care resources.

title: Estimated benefits of glycemic control in microvascular complications in @entity3 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1