abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete pathological resection of locally advanced or recurrent @entity1 is regarded as one of the most important determinants of oncological outcome. Disease in the lateral pelvic sidewall has been considered a contraindication for pelvic exenteration surgery owing to the significant likelihood of incomplete resection. METHODS: We describe a novel technique (ELSiE) to resect disease involving the lateral pelvic sidewall. @entity0 demographics, post-operative histology, length of hospital stay and complications were collected from prospectively maintained electronic @entity0 database. RESULTS: During 2011-2013, six @entity0 underwent pelvic exenteration surgery with the ELSiE approach. All @entity0 had R0 resection. Three @entity0 required sciatic nerve excision. Four @entity0 developed post-operative complications although no major complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with locally advanced and recurrent @entity1 involving the lateral pelvic sidewall may be rendered suitable for potentially curative radical resection with a modification in the approach to the lateral pelvic sidewall. Our pilot series seems to indicate that our novel technique (ELSiE) is feasible, safe and yields high rates of complete pathological resection.

title: Extended lateral pelvic sidewall excision (ELSiE): an approach to optimize complete resection rates in locally advanced or recurrent XXXX involving the pelvic sidewall.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restenosis is a major complication that limits the long-term efficacy of coronary angioplasty. Migration and proliferation of activated medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is considered an important mechanism in this process. Because at sites of @entity3 , aggregating platelets release both @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 ( @entity6 ), we examined whether @entity2 and @entity6 can induce SMC proliferation and whether there is synergistic interaction between these two mediators. METHODS AND RESULTS: The mitogenic effects of @entity2 and @entity6 either alone or in combination was examined in serum-free medium on @entity0 aortic SMCs by @entity1 incorporation into DNA and by cell counting. @entity2 induced SMC proliferation at a concentration of 100 nmol/L, whereas the effect of @entity6 ( @entity5 , a stable @entity6 mimetic) on inducing proliferation of SMCs was observed at a concentration of 100 nmol/L. When these two mediators were added together, there was a synergistic interaction on inducing SMC proliferation even at subthreshold concentrations. The mitogenic effect of @entity2 and its synergistic interaction with @entity6 on SMC proliferation was abolished by a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, @entity8 , without affecting the contribution of @entity6 . Similarly, the @entity6 synthase inhibitor/receptor antagonist @entity7 abolished the mitogenic effect of @entity6 and the interaction between @entity2 and @entity6 without affecting the response to @entity2 . When @entity8 and @entity7 were used together, they abolished the mitogenic effects of @entity2 and @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: At sites of @entity3 , platelet-induced SMC proliferation may also be modulated by nonpeptide growth mediators. A combination of a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist and @entity6 synthase inhibitor/receptor may be useful for attenuation of restenosis after angioplasty.

title: Effect of @entity2 , XXXX , and specific receptor antagonists on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Angiogenesis, formation of new capillary blood vessels, is crucial for gastroduodenal @entity4 because it enables delivery of @entity2 and nutrients to the healing site. Because angiogenesis is stimulated by @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ), we studied whether local gene therapy with nonviral DNA encoding @entity1 and/or @entity8 into the @entity4 base could accelerate @entity4 through enhanced angiogenesis. METHODS: Gastric ulcers were induced in @entity3 by @entity5 applied to the serosal surface of the stomach, and the site around the @entity4 was injected with nonviral plasmid-encoding full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of @entity0 recombinant (rh) @entity6 , rhAng1, or their combination. For some studies, neutralizing anti- @entity1 antibody was administered. RESULTS: Single local injection of plasmids encoding @entity6 and @entity8 significantly increased @entity7 and accelerated @entity4 . A neutralizing anti- @entity1 antibody significantly reduced the acceleration of @entity4 resulting from the treatment. Coinjection of both plasmids encoding rhVEGF165 and rhAng1 resulted in formation of more mature vessels and to more complete restoration of gastric glandular structures within the @entity4 . However, this did not result in further reduction of @entity4 size. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and @entity8 gene therapy, with limited duration of target gene expression, significantly accelerates gastric @entity4 . Coinjection of both plasmids leads to more complete structural restoration. Inhibition of accelerated healing by a neutralizing anti- @entity1 antibody indicates an essential role for @entity1 and enhanced angiogenesis in @entity4 .

title: Gene therapy for gastric ulcers with single local injection of naked DNA encoding @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Painful procedures are common in the @entity4 setting and beyond. Although these procedures are often essential to @entity0 management, they can also be distressing for @entity0 , parents, and health providers. As such, it is imperative that effective @entity2 and @entity1 -minimizing strategies be used consistently in all settings where @entity2 procedures take place for @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: This review article aims to provide a summary of several strategies, which are supported by definitive and systematically reviewed evidence, that can be implemented alone or in combination to reduce procedural @entity2 and @entity1 for @entity0 in the @entity4 and beyond. RESULTS: For neonates, breastfeeding, nonnutritive sucking, swaddling, and @entity3 administration have all been shown to decrease @entity2 during @entity2 interventions. For neonates, venipuncture is much less @entity2 than heel lance for blood draws. For @entity0 , there is some support for @entity3 use. For @entity0 and older @entity0 , there is strong evidence for distraction techniques. In addition, the use of fast-acting topical anesthetic creams as an alternative or adjunct to infiltrating anesthetic before laceration repair or vascular access/venipuncture is recommended. Further, buffering of @entity5 can decrease @entity2 during injection. Lastly, if a laceration is amenable to the use of tissue adhesive, this should be preferentially used. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, there currently remains a knowledge-to-practice gap in the treatment of @entity0 's procedure-related @entity2 . This article has identified multiple age-specific methods to improve the treatment of procedural @entity2 . These simple interventions can improve the care provided to ill and injured @entity0 .

title: An Evidence-Based Approach to Minimizing Acute Procedural XXXX in the Emergency Department and Beyond.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and associated @entity2 are related to impairments of the intestinal barrier. OBJECTIVE: We examined @entity8 : @entity6 (Lac: @entity0 ) permeability in @entity1 individuals with and without @entity5 undergoing a weight-reduction program to test whether an effective weight-loss program improves gut barrier function and whether @entity1 @entity0 with or without @entity5 differ in this function. DESIGN: Twenty-seven adult, nondiabetic individuals [mean    SD body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 43.7    5.2; 78% with moderate or severe @entity5 ] were included in the follow-up intervention study (n = 13 by month 12). All @entity0 reduced their weight to a mean    SD BMI of 36.4    5.1 within 12 mo. We assessed barrier functions by the oral Lac: @entity0 and the fecal zonulin tests. @entity7 resistance was assessed by the homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA), and @entity5 by sonography and the @entity5 index (FLI). RESULTS: The Lac: @entity0 ratio and circulating @entity4 concentration decreased during intervention from 0.080 (95% CI: 0.073, 0.093) to 0.027 (95% CI: 0.024, 0.034; P < 0.001) and from 4.2    1.4 to 2.8    1.6 pg/mL (P < 0.01), respectively. At study start, the Lac: @entity0 ratio was higher in @entity0 with moderate or severe @entity5 than in those without any @entity5 (P < 0.001). The Lac: @entity0 ratio tended to correlate with HOMA (   = 0.55, P = 0.052), which correlated with FLI (   = 0.75, P < 0.01). A multiple-regression analysis led to a final model explaining FLI best through BMI, waist circumference, and the Lac: @entity0 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal permeability is increased in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity5 compared with @entity1 @entity0 without. The increased permeability fell to within the previously reported normal range after @entity3 . The data suggest that a leaky gut barrier is linked with @entity5 and could be a new target for future @entity5 therapies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01344525.

title: Gut permeability is related to body weight, fatty liver disease, and XXXX resistance in @entity1 individuals undergoing @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether changes in serum @entity4 , serum @entity6 , and plasma @entity7 levels are correlated in a cohort of @entity3 @entity0 . DESIGN: Prespecified subgroup analysis of results from a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study. Setting. Primary care clinics at three tertiary care medical centers. @entity0 : Community-based ambulatory population of 202 @entity0 (age range 17-65 yrs) with a new diagnosis of @entity3 , untreated @entity3 , or known @entity3 , who were previously treated with fewer than three antihypertensive drugs and had no evidence of @entity2 or @entity1 . Intervention. Monotherapy with oral @entity5 12.5 or 25 mg/day for 9 weeks. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fasting serum @entity4 , serum @entity6 , and plasma @entity7 levels were obtained at baseline (before @entity5 therapy was started) and after 9 weeks of therapy. Significant elevations were noted in fasting serum @entity4 (mean +/- SD 3.42 +/- 10.38 mg/dl, p<0.0001) and plasma @entity7 (2.35 +/- 9.47 microU/ml, p<0.0001) levels, and a significant reduction in serum @entity6 level (0.30 +/- 0.44 mEq/L, p<0.0001) was noted. No significant correlation was observed between changes in fasting serum @entity4 and @entity6 levels (r = 0.022, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.120-0.164, p=0.757) or between changes in serum @entity6 and plasma @entity7 levels (r = -0.112, 95% CI -0.256-0.037, p=0.140). Changes in serum @entity4 levels did not differ significantly between patients maintaining serum @entity6 levels of 4.0 mEq/L or greater and those with levels below 4.0 mEq/L. CONCLUSION: Changes in serum @entity6 and serum @entity4 levels were not correlated in individuals receiving @entity5 monotherapy; thus maintenance of normal @entity6 levels may not attenuate the risk of @entity9 diuretic-induced @entity8 .

title: Lack of correlation between XXXX -induced @entity8 and hypokalemia: subgroup analysis of results from the pharmacogenomic evaluation of antihypertensive responses (PEAR) study.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity6 mustard (SM) induces vesication via poorly understood pathways. The blisters that are formed result primarily from the detachment of the epidermis from the dermis at the level of the basement membrane. In addition, there is @entity1 to the basal cells, although no careful study has been performed to determine the precise mode of cell death biochemically. We describe here two potential mechanisms by which SM causes basal cell death and detachment: namely, induction of terminal differentiation and apoptosis. In the presence of 100 microM SM, terminal differentiation was rapidly induced in primary @entity0 keratinocytes that included the expression of the differentiation-specific markers K1 and @entity8 and the cross-linking of the cornified envelope precursor protein involucrin. The expression of the attachment protein, fibronectin, was also reduced in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Features common to both differentiation and apoptosis were also induced in 100 microM SM, including the rapid induction of @entity7 and the reduction of @entity5 . At higher concentrations of SM (i.e., 300 microM), formation of the characteristic nucleosome-sized DNA ladders, TUNEL-positive staining of cells, activation of the @entity3 protease @entity4 / @entity4 , and cleavage of the death substrate @entity10 polymerase, were observed both in vivo and in vitro. Both the differentiation and the apoptotic processes appeared to be calmodulin dependent, because the calmodulin inhibitor @entity12 blocked the expression of the differentiation-specific markers, as well as the apoptotic response, in a concentration-dependent fashion. In addition, the intracellular @entity2 chelator, @entity9 , blocked the differentiation response and attenuated the apoptotic response. These results suggest a strategy for designing inhibitors of SM vesication via the @entity2 -calmodulin or @entity4 / @entity11 pathway.

title: @entity6 mustard induces markers of terminal differentiation and apoptosis in keratinocytes via a XXXX -calmodulin and caspase-dependent pathway.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe @entity1 smoking is a global health concern. Laboratory research has focused on individual waterpipe users while group use is common. This study examined user toxicant exposure and smoke toxicant yield associated with individual and group waterpipe smoking. METHODS: Twenty-two pairs of waterpipe smokers used a waterpipe individually and as a dyad. Before and after smoking, blood was sampled and expired @entity3 (CO) measured; puff topography was recorded throughout. One @entity0 from each pair was selected randomly and their plasma @entity4 and expired air CO concentrations were compared when smoking alone to when smoking as part of a dyad. Recorded puff topography was used to machine-produce smoke that was analyzed for toxicant content. RESULTS: There was no difference in mean plasma @entity4 concentration when an individual smoked as part of a dyad (mean = 14.9ng/ml; standard error of the mean [SEM] = 3.0) compared to when smoking alone (mean = 10.0ng/ml; @entity5 .5). An individual smoking as part of as a dyad had, on average, lower CO (mean = 15.8 ppm; SEM = 2.0) compared to when smoking alone (mean= 21.3 ppm; SEM = 2.7). When two @entity0 smoked as a dyad they took, on average, more puffs (mean = 109.8; SEM = 7.6) than a singleton smoker (mean = 77.7; SEM = 8.1) and a shorter interpuff interval (IPI; dyad mean = 23.8 seconds; @entity5 .9; singleton mean = 40.8 seconds; SEM = 4.8). Higher concentrations of several toxicants were observed in dyad-produced smoke. DISCUSSION: Dyad smoking may increase smoke toxicant content, likely due to the dyad's shorter IPIs and greater puff number. More work is needed to understand if group waterpipe smoking alters the health risks of waterpipe @entity1 smoking. IMPLICATIONS: This study is the first to measure toxicants in smoke generated from a waterpipe when used by a dyad. Relative to smoke generated by a singleton, dyad smoke had higher concentration of some toxicants. These differences may be attributed to differences in puffing behavior, specifically the shorter IPI and greater puff number observed in the @entity2 . Relative to singleton smokers, dyad smokers were exposed to less CO, but @entity4 exposure did not differ. More work is needed to assess the health effects of inhalation of more toxicant-laden smoke during group waterpipe use.

title: Group Waterpipe XXXX Smoking Increases Smoke Toxicant Concentration.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Background: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) can be treated with surgery or medications. @entity0 often must choose between long-term immunosuppressant therapy or total colectomy. Whether one of these treatment approaches has a mortality benefit is uncertain. Objective: To determine whether @entity0 with advanced @entity1 treated with elective colectomy have improved survival compared with those treated with medical therapy. Design: Retrospective matched cohort study. Setting: Data from all 50 states for Medicaid beneficiaries (2000 to 2005), Medicare beneficiaries (2006 to 2011), and dual-eligible @entity0 (2000 to 2011). @entity0 : 830 @entity0 with @entity1 pursuing elective colectomy and 7541 matched @entity0 with @entity1 pursuing medical therapy. Measurements: The primary outcome was time to @entity2 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the survival of @entity0 with advanced @entity1 treated with elective colectomy or medical therapy. The models controlled for significant comorbid conditions through matched and adjusted analysis. Results: The mortality rates associated with elective surgery and medical therapy were 34 and 54 deaths per 1000 @entity0 -years, respectively. Elective colectomy was associated with improved survival compared with long-term medical therapy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.67 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.87]), although this result did not remain statistically significant in all sensitivity analyses. Post hoc analysis by age group showed improved survival with surgery in @entity0 aged 50 years or older with advanced @entity1 (HR, 0.60 [CI, 0.45 to 0.79]; P   = 0.032 for age-by-treatment interaction). Limitations: Retrospective nonrandomized analysis is subject to residual confounding. The source cohort was derived from different databases throughout the study. Sensitivity and secondary analyses had reduced statistical power. Conclusion: Elective colectomy seemed to be associated with improved survival relative to medical therapy among @entity0 aged 50 years or older with advanced @entity1 . Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

title: Mortality Associated With Medical Therapy Versus Elective Colectomy in XXXX : A Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical manifestations of @entity3 presumed to be secondary to allogenic bone marrow transplantation after development of self-tolerance to @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="CASE REPORT" NlmCategory="METHODS">A 17-year-old male who received an allogenic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from his HLA-identical sister. RESULTS: One year after BMT, grade II chronic @entity2 developed. Two years later, vision deteriorated to 20/50 R.E. and 20/400 L.E. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed multiple chorioretinal punched-out scars throughout the posterior pole and mid-periphery of both eyes. Fluorescein angiography showed four @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the right eye that were surgically removed, and a @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is a possible complication related to allogenic BMT. It should be included as a late cause of BMT-associated choroidopathy. Surgical removal of vision-threatening @entity1 is a reasonable approach. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2002; 12: 135-7).

title: XXXX after allogenic bone marrow transplantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In response to @entity2 , @entity0 with @entity8 may develop a functional deterioration termed metabolic decompensation. The biochemical hallmarks of this disruption of metabolic homeostasis are disease specific and may include @entity4 , @entity9 or @entity10 . In a model system previously published by our group, we noted that during @entity2 , @entity1 displayed a @entity3 in hepatic mitochondrial enzymes involved in @entity6 metabolism. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that this normal adaptation may extend to other metabolic pathways, and as such, may impact various @entity8 . Since the liver is a critical organ in @entity8 , we carried out untargeted metabolomic profiling of livers using mass spectrometry in C57Bl/6 @entity1 infected with @entity5 to characterize metabolic adaptation. Pathway analysis of metabolomic data revealed reductions in CoA synthesis, and long chain fatty @entity12 and @entity11 species. These metabolic adaptations coincided with a @entity3 in hepatic long chain b-oxidation mRNA and protein. To our surprise, the metabolic changes observed occurred in conjunction with a hepatic innate immune response, as demonstrated by transcriptional profiling and flow cytometry. By employing an immunomodulation strategy to deplete Kupffer cells, we were able to improve the expression of multiple genes involved in b-oxidation. Based on these findings, we are the first to suggest that the role of the liver as an immunologic organ is central in the pathophysiology of hepatic metabolic decompensation in @entity8 due to @entity7 .

title: Kupffer cells modulate hepatic fatty acid oxidation during XXXX with PR8 @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) registry began in 2002 to provide a tool for public health decision support, evaluation and research related to renal replacement therapies (RRT) for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). It relies on a network of nephrologists, epidemiologists, @entity0 and public health representatives, coordinated regionally and nationally. Continuous registration covers all dialysis and transplanted @entity0 . In 2003, 2070 @entity0 started RRT, 7854 were on dialysis and 7294 lived with a functioning graft in seven regions (with a population of 16.5 million @entity0 ). The overall crude annual incidence rate of RRT for @entity4 was 123 per million population (p.m.p.) with significant differences in age-adjusted rates across regions, from 84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 74-94] to 155 [138-172] p.m.p. The principal causes of @entity4 were @entity3 (21%) and @entity1 (20%) @entity2 . Initial treatment for @entity4 was peritoneal dialysis for 15% of @entity0 and a pre-emptive graft for 3%. The one-year survival rate was 81% [79-83] in the cohort of 2002-2003 incident @entity0 . As of December 31, 2003, the overall crude prevalence was 898 [884-913] p.m.p, with 5% of @entity0 receiving peritoneal dialysis, 47% on haemodialysis and 48% with a functioning graft. The experience in these seven regions over these two years clearly shows the feasibility of the REIN registry, which is progressively expanding to cover the entire country.

title: The renal epidemiology and information network (REIN): a new registry for XXXX in France.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relationship between plasma level of total @entity4 (tHcy) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ), especially in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), is controversial. The present study investigated the association between these two as well as WMH locations in a large cohort of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 were reviewed from a prospective @entity3 database. Clinical data, including tHcy level and @entity1 , were assessed. @entity1 were assessed using the Fazekas scale and Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) visual grading scale. The association between tHcy and WMH locations was investigated by using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 923 out of 1,205 @entity0 were examined. The average age was 58.9    11.9 years; 31.6% were female. Elevated tHcy level was significantly associated with @entity1 . For the highest tHcy quartile, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval; CI) was 1.891 (1.257; 2.843) according to the Fazekas scale and 1.781 (1.185; 2.767) according to the ARWMC scale when compared to the lowest quartile. However, in a subgroup analysis, only @entity1 in the periventricular area and left or right frontal areas were found to be independently associated with tHcy level. For the highest tHcy quartile, the OR (95% CI) was 1.761 (1.172; 2.648) for the periventricular @entity1 , 1.768 (1.134; 2.756)for the left frontal @entity1 , and 1.890 (1.206; 2.960)for the right frontal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , plasma tHcy level is related to @entity1 , especially @entity1 distributed within the periventricular and frontal areas.

title: @entity4 Level Is Associated with White Matter Hyperintensity Locations in @entity0 with Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Shared decision making is endorsed by critical care organizations; however, there remains @entity1 about what shared decision making is, when it should be used, and approaches to promote partnerships in treatment decisions. The purpose of this statement is to define shared decision making, recommend when shared decision making should be used, identify the range of ethically acceptable decision-making models, and present important communication skills. DESIGN: The American College of Critical Care Medicine and American @entity2 Society Ethics Committees reviewed empirical research and normative analyses published in peer-reviewed journals to generate recommendations. Recommendations approved by consensus of the full Ethics Committees of American College of Critical Care Medicine and American @entity2 Society were included in the statement. MAIN RESULTS: Six recommendations were endorsed: 1) Definition: Shared decision making is a collaborative process that allows @entity0 , or their surrogates, and clinicians to make healthcare decisions together, taking into account the best scientific evidence available, as well as the @entity0 's values, goals, and preferences. 2) Clinicians should engage in a shared decision making process to define overall goals of care (including decisions regarding limiting or withdrawing life-prolonging interventions) and when making major treatment decisions that may be affected by personal values, goals, and preferences. 3) Clinicians should use as their "default" approach a shared decision making process that includes three main elements: information exchange, deliberation, and making a treatment decision. 4) A wide range of decision-making approaches are ethically supportable, including @entity0 - or surrogate-directed and clinician-directed models. Clinicians should tailor the decision-making process based on the preferences of the @entity0 or surrogate. 5) Clinicians should be trained in communication skills. 6) Research is needed to evaluate decision-making strategies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 and surrogate preferences for decision-making roles regarding value-laden choices range from preferring to exercise significant authority to ceding such authority to providers. Clinicians should adapt the decision-making model to the needs and preferences of the @entity0 or surrogate.

title: Shared Decision Making in ICUs: An American College of Critical Care Medicine and American XXXX Society Policy Statement.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 ligands for lymphocyte @entity4 are expressed on high endothelial venules (HEVs) in peripheral lymph nodes and sites of chronic @entity2 and mediate the recruitment of lymphocytes from the blood into these tissues. In the @entity1 , these ligands, collectively termed the peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd), have been shown to contain @entity9 , @entity8 , and @entity3 and to include several @entity10 glycoproteins including GlyCAM-1, @entity7 , and MAdCAM-1. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) @entity12 , which binds a @entity3 -dependent epitope, recognizes PNAd in both @entity1 and @entity0 . In @entity0 , only @entity7 has been identified among the glycoprotein species that react with @entity12 . Although @entity11 is highly expressed in tonsil HEVs, it was not found to react with @entity12 or to support @entity4 -mediated lymphocyte rolling. To further characterize @entity0 PNAd, MAbs were developed against purified PNAd immunoisolated from @entity0 tonsil. MAbs JG-1, JG-5, JG-9, and JG-10, like @entity12 , bind HEVs in @entity0 tonsil and react similarly in Western blots, and JG-9 and JG-10 also block lymphocyte rolling on purified PNAd. In addition, by competitive ELISA on purified tonsil PNAd, all MAbs were found to react with overlapping epitopes. However, JG-1, JG-5, JG-9, and JG-10 do not recognize @entity1 PNAd, and unlike @entity12 , they recognize determinants that are sensitive to neuraminidase. Strikingly, the epitope recognized by JG-1, although abundant in tonsil and peripheral lymph node, is absent from appendix @entity6 in some samples of chronically inflamed skin, even though these HEVs are @entity12 reactive. Moreover, although JG-5 and JG-9 react well with tonsil, peripheral lymph node, and inflamed skin HEVs, they react only with occasional endothelial cells in appendix tissues. These findings point to significant diversity in the @entity5 determinants expressed by HEVs and recognized by @entity4 and demonstrate their differential representation in different sites in vivo. These antibodies should be useful in probing the precise structure of @entity0 @entity4 ligands.

title: Complexity and differential expression of @entity5 epitopes associated with XXXX recognition of high endothelial venules.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We investigated the relative importance of environmental factors versus host phenotype in determining parasite prevalence in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). One hundred and forty-three fecal samples of 116 different squirrels collected in 2000 and 2001 from five study areas in the Italian Alps, were examined for intestinal protozoans. Two species of Eimeria were present with a medium to high prevalence in both years and in all areas, while two other species were rare, occurring only in some areas and not in all years. @entity1 had a high prevalence in the two study areas of the Western Alps, while in the three areas of the Central Alps it was recorded only once. The prevalence of Eimeria sciurorum and @entity1 fluctuated in parallel with squirrel density, suggesting a possible correlation between the presence of these protozoans and host density. A gender effect on E. sciurorum prevalence at low density could be explained by different space use patterns and social organization of males and females. @entity1 occurred more frequently in young squirrels, suggesting an acquired immunity in adults, but age-related susceptibility was not found for eimerian species. The coccidian community was more similar within than between regions, and study area and year were key parameters in predicting @entity0 . There was no evidence of competition between coccidian species, but one positive interaction between E. sciurorum and E. andrewsi was observed. Our results suggest that the effects of geographic region, area features, and year effects probably related to fluctuations in host population density, were more important than individual phenotypic host characteristics in structuring the coccidian assemblage and determining levels of parasite prevalence in @entity2 populations.

title: Prevalence of coccidia parasites (Protozoa) in XXXX ( @entity2 ): effects of host phenotype and environmental factors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Appropriate @entity0 selection for active surveillance is challenging.Our study of 217 @entity0 demonstrated that the preoperative absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were better predictors of aggressive oncologic features than were the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the assessment of low-risk @entity2 @entity0 . Our findings suggest that routine hematologic workup could be used to further stratify low-risk @entity2 @entity0 . INTRODUCTION: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a ubiquitous prognostic biomarker in @entity1 , specifically in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We evaluated the clinical utility of the preoperative NLR, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) as a risk stratification tool for @entity0 with low-risk @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 217 low-risk @entity2 @entity0 with preoperative hematologic data who had met the criteria for active surveillance but had undergone robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at our institution from 2006 to 2015. @entity3 models were constructed to determine whether the baseline NLR, ANC, and @entity5 were associated with upstaging, upgrading, and biochemical recurrence (BCR). Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: On multivariate analysis, a higher prostate-specific antigen level (odds ratio [OR], 1.554; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.148-2.104), a greater number of positive cores (OR, 2.098; 95% CI, 1.043-2.104), and a higher @entity5 (OR, 4.311; 95% CI, 1.258-14.770) were associated with upstaging. More importantly, the 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival was significantly lower in the high ANC group (ANC > 4.0 * 10(9)/L) compared with that of the low ANC group (P = .011). The NLR was not associated with upstaging, upgrading, or BCR in our study cohort (P = .368, P = .573, and P = .504, respectively). The only significant association with upgrading was @entity0 age (OR, 1.106; 95% CI, 1.043-1.173). CONCLUSION: NLR was not useful in predicting adverse pathologic outcomes in our @entity0 with low-risk @entity2 . However, relative @entity4 might indicate an early manifestation of harboring a more aggressive @entity2 .

title: Neutrophil and Lymphocyte Counts as Clinical Markers for Stratifying Low-Risk XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the occurrence of @entity3 -like reactions at angiography, repeated several times, and, secondly, to evaluate the effect of prophylactic treatment in individuals who had earlier experienced such reactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven @entity0 with hypercholesterolaemia, participating in the Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST), underwent aortofemoral angiography with @entity4 (Hexabrix) repeated annually for 3 years. @entity1 to the contrast medium were recorded. At the following angiographies, all @entity0 who had earlier experienced such reactions were treated prophylactically with @entity2 and antihistamine. RESULTS: @entity1 were observed in 35 @entity0 . Twelve reacted only year 0, 3 only year 1, 5 only year 2 and 6 only year 3. Eight @entity0 had at least one reaction also when treated prophylactically. It was significantly (p<0.05) more common to react at year 0 but not at year 1 than to react at year 1 but not at year 0. At years 1, 2 and 3 the frequency of reactions was significantly greater in the group given prophylactic treatment than in the group without any earlier reaction at all: 8/20 versus 3/137, 4/23 versus 6/134, and 6/29 versus 6/128, respectively. CONCLUSION: Some individuals had an increased risk of an @entity3 -like reaction to the contrast agent. Prophylactic treatment reduced the risk of renewed reactions, but not to the same level as for those without earlier reaction. Nevertheless, individuals who have had earlier reactions can be investigated in the future, with prophylactic treatment.

title: XXXX at repeat femoral angiography with ioxaglate.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One of the main neurochemical systems associated with @entity1 / @entity3 is the serotonergic system originating from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). Previous evidence suggests that the DR is composed of distinct subpopulations of neurons, both morphologically and functionally distinct. It seems that mainly the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) regulates @entity1 -related reactions, while lateral wings DR (lwDR) @entity2 ( @entity2 ) neurons inhibit @entity3 -related responses. In this study we used the technique of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to investigate the role played by the @entity5 and lwDR in defense. Male @entity0 were submitted to high-frequency stimulation (100 A, 100Hz) in one of the two DR regions for 1h and immediately after tested in the avoidance or escape tasks of the elevated T-maze (ETM). In clinical terms, these responses have been related to generalized @entity1 and @entity3 , respectively. After being submitted to the ETM, animals were placed in an open field for locomotor activity assessment. An additional group of @entity0 was submitted to DBS of the @entity5 or the lwDR and used for quantification of @entity4 immunoreactive ( @entity4 -ir) neurons in brain regions related to the modulation of defense. Results showed that stimulation of the @entity5 decreased avoidance latencies, an anxiolytic-like effect. @entity5 stimulation also led to increases in @entity4 -ir in the medial amygdala, lateral septum and cingulate cortex. DBS applied to the lwDR increased escape latencies, a panicolytic-like effect. This data highlights the importance of raphe topography and the potential benefit of the DBS technique for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: Deep brain stimulation of the dorsal raphe inhibits avoidance and escape reactions and activates forebrain regions related to the modulation of XXXX / @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of extraocular muscle (EOM) paresis in incomplete @entity3 (3NP) that have normal pupillary function. METHODS: A retrospective study in a private practice and academic neuro-ophthalmic practice. @entity0 diagnosed with vasculopathic 3NP within 4 weeks of symptom onset were identified. The chart of each @entity0 was reviewed to determine pupillary function and the pattern and degree of EOM and levator palpebrae paresis at the time of presentation. RESULTS: Of 55 @entity0 with vasculopathic 3NP, 42 (76%) had normal pupillary function. Of these 42, 23 (55%) demonstrated an @entity1 , defined as partially reduced ductions affecting all third nerve-innervated EOMs and levator (diffuse pattern) or partially reduced ductions that involved only some third nerve-innervated EOMs and levator (focal pattern). Twenty (87%) of these 23 @entity0 showed a diffuse pattern of paresis; only three (13%) showed a focal pattern of paresis, one that affected only the superior rectus and levator muscles (superior division weakness). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our series, most @entity0 with EOM/levator involvement in pupil-sparing, incomplete 3NP of vasculopathic origin have a diffuse pattern of paresis. In contrast, our review of the literature suggests that pupil-sparing 3NP of aneurysmal origin usually have a focal pattern of paresis. We propose that distinguishing these two patterns of EOM paresis may be helpful in differentiating between @entity2 . Future studies will be needed to confirm the clinical utility of this hypothesis.

title: Patterns of extraocular muscle weakness in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: A definitive role for allergen-specific IgG4 as either an anaphylactic or a blocking antibody, or both, remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: A population of 148 workers from two condenser plants (A and B) using @entity0 resin with @entity1 ( @entity2 ) was studied to evaluate the significance of @entity2 -specific IgG4 antibody. METHODS: The workers were evaluated through questionnaire and serological investigations. RESULTS: Ninety-seven (66%) of the currently exposed workers had positive @entity2 -specific IgE. IgE-sensitized workers in each plant had significantly more eye and nose complaints than unsensitized workers (P < 0.03). As the result of multiple logistic analysis, specific IgE antibodies was the most important predictor of work-related symptoms and its effect was greater than that of specific IgG4 (odds ratio 16.7 and 3.68, respectively). These indicate an IgE-mediated mechanism in most cases of work-related symptoms associated with @entity2 exposure. However, it cannot be denied that specific IgG4 is an anaphylactic antibody. Furthermore, IgE-sensitized workers in these plants displayed work-related symptoms despite the presence of specific IgG4. The frequency of positive specific IgG4 in continuously exposed workers was significantly (P < 0.02) higher in plant A than in plant B, reflecting the difference of the @entity2 levels between the two plants. In plant A, the frequency of positive specific IgG4 was significantly (P < 0.002) higher in continuously exposed workers than in intermittently exposed workers. Multiple regression analysis also confirmed that plant and exposure style contributed significantly (P < 0.01) to the determination of specific IgG4 levels. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that work-related eye and nasal symptoms are likely to be IgE-mediated, and that specific IgG4 may reflect the intensity of @entity2 exposure and may not act as a blocking antibody.

title: The significance of specific IgG4 antibodies to XXXX in occupationally exposed subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Left ventricular (LV) @entity2 can be found in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). No wide multicenter trial on @entity1 has provided information about LV @entity2 until now. The protocol of the GISSI-3 study included the search for the presence of LV @entity2 in @entity0 from 200 coronary care units that did not specifically focus on LV @entity2 . We examined the GISSI-3 database results related to 8,326 @entity0 at low to medium risk for LV thrombi in which a predischarge echocardiogram (9 +/- 5 days) was available. LV @entity2 was found in 427 @entity0 (5.1%): 292 of 2,544 @entity0 (11.5%) with anterior @entity1 and in 135 of 5,782 @entity0 (2.3%) with @entity1 in other sites (p <0.0001). The incidence of LV @entity2 was higher in @entity0 with ejection fraction < or = 40% (151 of 1,432 [10.5%] vs 276 of 6,894 [4%]; p <0.0001) both in the total population and in the subgroup with anterior @entity1 (106 of 597 [17.8%] vs 186 of 1,947 [9.6%]; p <0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that only the Killip class > I and early intravenous beta-blocker administration were independently associated with higher LV @entity2 risk in the subgroup of @entity0 with anterior @entity1 (odds ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 2.39; odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.72, respectively). In @entity0 with anterior @entity1 , oral beta-blocker therapy given or not given after early intravenous beta-blocker administration does not influence the occurrence of LV @entity2 . The rate of LV @entity2 was similar in @entity0 treated or not treated with @entity3 and @entity4 both in the total population and in @entity0 with anterior and nonanterior @entity1 . In conclusion, in the GISSI-3 population at low to medium risk for LV thrombi, the highest rate of occurrence of LV @entity2 was found among @entity0 with anterior @entity1 and an ejection fraction < 40%. Killip class > I and the early intravenous beta-blocker administration were the only variables independently associated with a higher predischarge incidence of LV @entity2 after anterior @entity1 .

title: Predischarge two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of XXXX after @entity1 in the GISSI-3 study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 due to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. We found previously that A83-01, a TGFbRI inhibitor, could facilitate cardiac repair in post- @entity3 @entity0 and induce the expansion of a @entity13   +   cardiomyoblast population. This study aimed to investigate the key autocrine/paracrine factors regulated by @entity11 in the injured heart and the mechanism of cardioprotection by this molecule. Using a previously described transgenic @entity13 enhancer-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter @entity0 , we isolated cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) including @entity13 -GFP   +   ( @entity13 +), @entity6 +, and @entity13 +/ @entity6   +   cells. A83-01 was found to induce proliferation of these three subpopulations mainly through increasing @entity1 expression in the @entity9 / @entity8 -dependent pathway. @entity1 , encoded by @entity1 , could also directly proliferate @entity13   +   cells and enhance cultured cardiomyocytes viability. A83-01 could also reverse the downregulation of @entity1 in postinjured @entity0 hearts (n   =   6) to expand CPCs. Moreover, the increased @entity10 in postinjured hearts could decrease CPCs, which could be reversed by A83-01 via inhibiting @entity12 and @entity7 -induced signaling protein 1 expressions in CPCs. Next, we used inducible aMHC-cre/mTmG @entity0 to label cardiomyocytes with GFP and nonmyocytes with RFP. We found A83-01 preserved more GFP   +   myocytes (68.6%        3.1% vs. 80.9%        3.0%; p   <   .05, n   =   6) and fewer renewed RFP   +   myocytes (0.026%        0.005% vs. 0.062%        0.008%; p   <   .05, n   =   6) in parallel with @entity2 in @entity5 -injected @entity0 treated with A83-01. TGFbRI inhibition in an injured adult heart could both stimulate the autocrine/paracrine activity of @entity1 and inhibit Wnt in CPCs to mediate cardioprotection and improve cardiac function. Stem Cells 2015.

title: Cardioprotective Actions of TGFbRI Inhibition Through Stimulating Autocrine/Paracrine of XXXX and Inhibiting Wnt in Cardiac Progenitors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of saline load to @entity4 (florinef) as countermeasures for reduced @entity5 and orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight. Eleven males (ages 30-50 yr) underwent a 3-day ambulatory baseline period followed by 7 days of 6 degrees head-down bedrest, during which cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreflex sensitivity and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were determined. During pre-bedrest and 2.5 h after treatment on day 8, @entity5 was also measured and subjects underwent a 15-min unsupported stand test. Treatments consisted of 8 salt tablets (1 g @entity2 per tablet) and 960 ml of water in 5 subjects and 0.6 mg (0.2 mg x 3) over 24 h in the other 6 subjects. @entity5 decreased by 12% on day 7 of bedrest. This was restored on day 8 by florinef but not by saline load. The effect of florinef on @entity5 was paralleled by decreases in urine volume and the urinary @entity3 / @entity0 ratio. Reduced @entity5 was associated with greater vascular resistance for the same drop in central venous pressure, suggesting less vasoconstriction reserve after bedrest. Carotid baroreflex control of heart rate was attenuated after 7 days of bedrest. Both baroreflex functions were restored by florinef but not saline load. Only 1 of 6 subjects showed @entity1 in the florinef-treated group, whereas 4 of 5 subjects did so in the saline-load group. Acute florinef treatment appears to have distinct advantages as a protective measure for post-bedrest orthostatic intolerance, not only through its salt retaining, volume-expanding mineralcorticoid effect, but possibly through its actions on baroreflex and sympathetic functions.

title: Advantages and disadvantages of XXXX or saline load in preventing post-spaceflight orthostatic hypotension.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is a severe, chronic and disabling @entity2 . Non-adherence to medication and relapse may lead to poorer @entity0 function. This randomised controlled study, under the acronym LEAN (Lay health supporter, e-platform, award, and iNtegration), is designed to improve medication adherence and high relapse among @entity0 with @entity1 in resource poor settings. METHODS/ANALYSIS: The community-based LEAN has four parts: (1) Lay health supporters (LHSs), mostly family members who will help supervise @entity0 medication, monitor relapse and side effects, and facilitate access to care, (2) an E-platform to support two-way mobile text and voice messaging to remind @entity0 to take medication; and alert LHSs when @entity0 are non-adherent, (3) an Award system to motivate @entity0 and strengthen LHS support, and (4) iNtegration of the efforts of @entity0 and LHSs with those of village doctors, township mental health administrators and psychiatrists via the e-platform. A random sample of 258 villagers with @entity1 will be drawn from the @entity1 '686' Program registry for the 9 Xiang dialect towns of the Liuyang municipality in China. The sample will be further randomised into a control group and a treatment group of equal sizes, and each group will be followed for 6 months after launch of the intervention. The primary outcome will be medication adherence as measured by pill counts and supplemented by pharmacy records. Other outcomes include symptoms and level of function. Outcomes will be assessed primarily when @entity0 present for medication refill visits scheduled every 2 months over the 6-month follow-up period. Data from the study will be analysed using analysis of covariance for the programme effect and an intent-to-treat approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: University of Washington: 49464 G; Central South University: CTXY-150002-6. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals with deidentified data made available on FigShare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR-ICR-15006053; Pre-results.

title: Lay health supporters aided by a mobile phone messaging system to improve care of villagers with XXXX in Liuyang, China: protocol for a randomised control trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Tissue autofluorescence study is a promising means of endoscopic detection of @entity2 , but the mechanism of autofluorescence eruption has still not been verified. The purpose of this study was to precisely analyze the autofluorescence characteristics of freshly prepared normal @entity1 colon under UVA and violet light excitation. METHODS: Excised @entity1 colons were studied by using multichannel spectrophotometry, spectroscopic imaging, confocal microscopy, combined two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. RESULTS: Spectroscopic analysis of freshly prepared colon sections revealed that the mucosa and the submucosa showed strong autofluorescence under UVA and violet light excitation. The combined images of two-photon and SHG microscopy revealed that the @entity0 are the important source of autofluorescence. @entity3 seems to be one of the major substances involved in the autofluorescence of the mucosal layer on 365- nm light excitation. The autofluorescence spectra of the luminal surfaces were identical to those of the mucosa on crosssectional examinations with 365-nm excitation. The main origin of autofluorescence of the luminal surface with 365-nm excitation is the epithelial cells in the mucosa without overlay of submucosal fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS: The mucosal layer is the important source of the autofluorescence observed under excitation with UVA/violet light in multilayered @entity2 . Illumination of 365-nm wavelength light is a suitable means of analyzing the autofluorescence of @entity0 .

title: Precise analysis of the autofluorescence characteristics of XXXX colon under UVA and violet light excitation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is a common problem and, to date, there is no agent to preserve testicular function following detorsion. Platelet-rich plasma ( @entity12 ), with its rich growth factor composition, has proven beneficial in regenerative therapy. It is believed that @entity12 has not been studied in testis for @entity1 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of @entity12 in an I/R @entity0 model 1 month after detorsion. STUDY DESIGN: Of 24 adult male @entity0 , 18 were randomly assigned into three groups, with six in each: control, I/R and I/R  +  @entity12 . The @entity12 was prepared from the remaining six. Each group underwent right orchiectomy. @entity1 was performed by rotating the left testis 720   and fixing with a nylon suture for 4  h. Reperfusion occurred 4  h later by removing the suture, and @entity12 was administered at a dose of 10   l (2000  *  10(9)/l) into the left testis via the intraparenchymal route. Animals were sacrificed at the fourth week, and testes were taken for @entity4 ( @entity7 ), @entity8 ( @entity11 ), @entity2 dismutase (SOD), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity10 measurements. RESULTS: @entity1 /reperfusion caused a significant increase in @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity10 activity, and significant decrease in @entity11 levels and SOD activity. The @entity12 treatment helped correct the alterations in SOD, @entity10 , and @entity5 activities and @entity7 levels. However, the mean @entity7 level and @entity5 activity were not totally restored compared with the controls. Serum @entity3 levels of the I/R group were significantly lower compared with the control and I/R  +  @entity12 groups. @entity6 and @entity10 protein expressions were significantly higher in the I/R group compared with the control group and were low with @entity12 administration compared with I/R groups (summary Table). DISCUSSION: The findings of the present study suggest that @entity12 , by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant defense, exerts protective effects on testicular tissues against I/R. This study had some limitations: a scoring system was not used in the assessment of spermatogenesis in the histopathological findings and specific testis cell types were not histologically assessed. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the biochemical, histological and, especially, hormonal findings, intraparenchymal @entity12 injection may have a protective effect in testicular tissue against I/R injury.

title: Effects of platelet-rich plasma against experimental @entity1 /reperfusion injury in XXXX testis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment outcome, laryngeal preservation and side-effect in locally advanced @entity4 treated with combined Hilical tomotherapy (HT) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy and/or @entity5 inhibitor (Cetuximab or Nimotuzumab). METHODS: A total of 68 @entity0 (20 cases with T1-2N1-3M0 and 48 cases with T3-4N1-3M0) with locally advanced @entity1 were treated individualy with non-surgical combined modality treatments including induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy, induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiotherapy and @entity5 inhibitor, concurrent chemoradiotherapy and @entity5 inhibitor, and concurrent radiotherapy and @entity5 inhibitor. HT was used in 40 @entity0 and IMRT in 28 @entity0 . Side-effects were evaluated with the established Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0 criteria. RESULTS: The average follow-up time was 25.7 months (range 3-69 months). All @entity0 completed the planned radiotherapy without treatment breaks, and 66 (97.0%) of 68 @entity0 completed the planned chemotherapy. The 2-year and 3-year overall survival rates were 78.8% and 64.7% respectively, with an organ preservation rate of 84.2%. The most common side-effect greater than or equal to grade 3 was @entity2 . No @entity0 dependent on a percutaneous @entity6 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 can be treated with non-surgical combined modality treatment including HT or IMRT, with a high laryngeal organ preservation rate and minimal @entity3 .

title: [Non-surgical combined modality treatments for laryngeal organ preservation in advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of treatment interruption on the potential gain in locoregional control obtained with accelerated radiotherapy (RT) compared with conventionally fractionated RT in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: 152 @entity0 treated with radical RT for @entity1 between 1979 and 1996 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, there were 6/30/43/73 stages III/III/IV. Sixty-one @entity0 were treated with a conventional RT schedule (median dose 70 Gy in 35 fractions), and 91 @entity0 with either of two 5/5.5-week accelerated RT schedules (median dose 69.6-69.9 Gy in 41 fractions). Discounting weekends, RT was interrupted for 2 consecutive days or more in 53 @entity0 (median duration 11 days, range 2-97), including 67% of the @entity0 in the conventional RT group and 13% in the accelerated RT group. Median follow-up for surviving @entity0 was 55 months (range 23-230). The Cox proportional hazards model was used for the multivariate analysis of factors influencing locoregional control. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, factors associated with a significant decrease in locoregional control included WHO performance status > or =1, advanced AJCC stages (III and IV), conventional RT fractionation, overall treatment time > or =44 days (median), and RT interruption. In the multivariate analysis, when introduced into the model individually, the three significant therapeutic factors remained significant after adjustment for the forced clinical variables. However, when the three therapeutic factors were introduced together into the model, beside the AJCC stage (P = 0.017), only RT interruption remained a significant independent adverse prognostic factor (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: This multivariate analysis highlights the potential negative impact of treatment gaps on locoregional control in @entity1 . This suggests that treatment interruption may be an even more important parameter than the type of RT schedule per se. Thus, when assessing the relative merit of two RT schedules, inclusion of the other therapeutic factors in a multivariate model is mandatory in order to avoid misinterpretation of the results.

title: Avoidance of treatment interruption: an unrecognized benefit of accelerated radiotherapy in XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed @entity2 , @entity1 response, disease control, and survival after short-course induction chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection in @entity0 with stage III @entity6 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 with stage III @entity6 received 12-day induction therapy of a 96-hour continuous infusion of @entity5 (20 mg/m2 per day), 24-hour infusion of @entity7 (175 mg/m2), and concurrent accelerated fractionation radiation therapy (1.5 Gy twice daily) to a dose of 30 Gy. Surgical resection was scheduled for 4 weeks later. Postoperatively, a second identical course of chemotherapy and concurrent radiation therapy (30 to 33 Gy) was given. RESULTS: Induction @entity2 resulted in hospitalization of 18 (40%) @entity0 for @entity4 . No induction @entity3 occurred. Of 40 (89%) @entity0 who underwent thoracotomy, resection for cure was possible in 32 (71%) @entity0 . Pathologic response was noted in 21 (47%) @entity0 , and 14 (31%) were downstaged to mediastinal node negative (stage 0, I, or II). At a median follow-up of 19 months, 24 @entity0 were alive, 10 with recurrent disease. Of 21 @entity3 , 16 were from recurrent disease, three were from treatment, and two were unrelated. Recurrent disease was distant in 21 @entity0 , distant and locoregional in 2, and locoregional in 3. The Kaplan-Meier projected 24-month survival is 49%. Projected 24-month survival is 61% for stage IIIA, 17% for stage IIIB (p = 0.035); 84% for pathologic responders, 22% for nonresponders (p<0.001); 83% for downstaged @entity0 (stage 0, I, or II), 33% for those not downstaged (p = 0.005); and 63% for resectable @entity0 , 14% for unresectable @entity0 (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that short-course neoadjuvant therapy with @entity7 (1) has manageable @entity2 and a low treatment mortality, (2) results in @entity1 response and downstaging, (3) provides excellent locoregional control with most recurrences being distant, and (4) has improved the median survival compared with historical controls. Survival was better in stage IIIA @entity0 , resectable @entity0 , pathologic responders, and @entity0 downstaged to mediastinal node negative disease (stage 0, I, or II).

title: Short-course induction chemoradiotherapy with @entity7 for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Genetic predisposition controlled by susceptibility quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributes to a large proportion of common @entity2 . Studies of genetics of @entity2 susceptibility, however, did not address systematically the relationship between susceptibility to @entity2 in different organs. We present five sets of data on genetic architecture of @entity1 susceptibility in @entity3 , @entity0 and @entity4 . They collectively show that the majority of genes for @entity1 susceptibility are linked pair-wise and are likely identical or related. Four CcS/Dem recombinant congenic strains, each differing from strain BALB/cHeA by a different small random subset of   12.5% of genes received from strain STS/A, suggestively show either extreme susceptibility or extreme resistance for both @entity5 , which is unlikely if the two @entity2 were controlled by independent susceptibility genes. Indeed, susceptibility to @entity1 (Sluc) loci underlying the extreme susceptibility or resistance of such CcS/Dem strains, mapped in 226 (CcS-10 x CcS-19)F2 @entity3 , co-localize with susceptibility to @entity5 (Scc) loci. Analysis of additional Sluc loci that were mapped in OcB/Dem strains and Scc loci in CcS/Dem strains, respectively, shows their widespread pair-wise co-localization (P = 0.0036). Finally, the majority of published @entity0 and @entity4 @entity5 susceptibility genes map to chromosomal regions homologous to @entity3 Sluc loci. 12/12 @entity3 Scc loci, 9/11 @entity0 and 5/7 @entity4 @entity5 susceptibility loci are close to a Sluc locus or its homologous site, forming 21 clusters of lung and @entity5 susceptibility genes from one, two or three species. Our data shows that @entity2 susceptibility QTLs can have much broader biological effects than presently appreciated. It also demonstrates the power of @entity3 genetics to predict @entity0 susceptibility genes. Comparison of molecular mechanisms of susceptibility genes that are organ-specific and those with trans-organ effects can provide a new dimension in understanding individual @entity2 susceptibility.

title: Most lung and XXXX susceptibility genes are pair-wise linked in @entity3 , @entity0 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The loss of muscle mass ( @entity3 ) with aging is related with a progressive loss of muscle strength and physical capacity. Resistance exercise and milk-based protein supplementation have been demonstrated as significant countermeasures to @entity3 and the loss of muscle strength. However, using high doses of proteins can act as a meal replacement in the elderly. Therefore, we sought to determine if a standard supplementation (12g per serving) of protein and resistance training could be an efficient strategy to promote muscle strength and physical capacity in sarcopenic @entity0 . Twenty-six @entity0 were randomized in 3 groups in a double-blind control study. The groups all performed exercise and consumed a protein rich supplement (12g of protein, 7g of essential @entity2 either from milk (n=8), or soy (n=8) or @entity1 milk (non-protein control, n=10). Body composition was measured with DXA. Strength was measured by 1-RM with different exercises. Different physical capacity measurements were assessed (TUG, chair stand, walking speed). The results indicated a significant increase in fat-free mass in all groups and changes in muscle strength, with no differences between groups. This study indicates that resistance training is an effective way to increase muscle mass and strength, regardless of protein supplementation. Higher doses of protein-rich foods may have to be recommended to promote muscle mass gains when executing resistance exercise in elderly sarcopenic individuals.

title: The effect of resistance training and different sources of post-exercise protein supplementation on muscle mass and physical capacity in sarcopenic elderly XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Virtual CT sonography using magnetic navigation provides cross sectional images of CT volume data corresponding to the angle of the transducer in the magnetic field in real-time. The purpose of this study was to clarify the value of this virtual CT sonography for treatment response of radiofrequency ablation for @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Sixty-one @entity0 with 88 HCCs measuring 0.5-1.3 cm (mean  SD, 1.0  0.3 cm) were treated by radiofrequency ablation. For early treatment response, dynamic CT was performed 1-5 days (median, 2 days). We compared early treatment response between axial CT images and multi-angle CT images using virtual CT sonography. RESULTS: @entity2 stains on axial CT images and multi-angle CT images were detected in 11.4% (10/88) and 13.6% (12/88) after the first session of RFA, respectively (P=0.65). Two @entity0 were diagnosed as showing @entity4 enhancement after the initial radiofrequency ablation on axial CT images and showed @entity1 progression shortly because of unnoticed @entity2 . Only virtual CT sonography with magnetic navigation retrospectively showed the @entity2 as circular enhancement. In safety margin analysis, 10 @entity0 were excluded because of @entity2 . The safety margin more than 5 mm by virtual CT sonographic images and transverse CT images were determined in 71.8% (56/78) and 82.1% (64/78), respectively (P=0.13). The safety margin should be overestimated on axial CT images in 8 nodules. CONCLUSION: Virtual CT sonography with magnetic navigation was useful in evaluating the treatment response of radiofrequency ablation therapy for @entity3 .

title: Treatment response assessment of radiofrequency ablation for XXXX : usefulness of virtual CT sonography with magnetic navigation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are no previously published studies of the long-term outcome of @entity1 in sub-Saharan Africa. Our goal was to determine the case fatality, time to and cause of @entity2 , and recovery in a hospital cohort of @entity1 @entity0 in The Gambia. METHODS: For 1 year beginning April 1, 1990, any @entity0 presenting to the Royal Victoria Hospital (Banjul) with a diagnosis of @entity1 or having a @entity1 as an inpatient was recruited. After a standardized assessment, @entity0 were followed up at 1 month, 6 months, and 3 to 4 years to assess recovery or, for those who died, record the date and likely cause of @entity2 . RESULTS: Mean age of the 106 @entity0 (70 @entity0 ) was 58 years (range, 20 to 93 years). By 1 and 6 months, 29 (27%) and 47 (44%), respectively, had died, with only 27 (25%) surviving to final follow-up (4 @entity0 not traced). @entity2 occurred in hospital in 43 @entity0 (57%). Cause of @entity2 was the initial @entity1 in 46 (61%), further @entity1 in 5 (7%), infection in 9 (12%), miscellaneous in 8 (11%) (only 1 vascular), and unknown in 7 (9%). On Cox regression analysis, @entity3 in the first 24 hours, sensory inattention, and impaired gag reflex on admission were significant predictors of mortality. Predictors of recovery were similar to those of developed countries. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the young mean age, there was a high case fatality rate. The main cause of @entity2 was the @entity1 itself, and @entity4 was very rare.

title: Mortality and recovery after XXXX in the Gambia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop an animal model to examine the pathophysiology by which S3 sacral root electrostimulation alters the micturition reflex in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chronic sacral nerve root electrostimulation was applied to spinally transected @entity1 ; 21 animals were divided into four groups. The spinal cord was completely transected at the T10-11 level and stainless-steel electrodes implanted into the sacral foramen in 17 animals; these animals were subsequently divided into two groups (1 and 2). Six @entity1 in group 1 underwent sacral root elctrostimulation for 2 h/day and five in group 2 for 6 h/day, for 21 days. The sham group (group 3, six @entity1 ) received no stimulation and four @entity1 were used as healthy controls (group 4). Voiding frequency was recorded and each animal was evaluated cystometrically at the end of the stimulation period. The results were compared with the sham and control groups. RESULTS: Spinal cord transection resulted in @entity2 and complete urinary retention; 7-9 days after the injury, the bladder recovered its activity. Twenty-one days after transection all animals had evidence of uninhibited bladder contractions. The mean (SD) hourly frequency of urination was 0.66 (0.18) in healthy controls, 0.83 (0.21) in group 1, 0.87 (0.34) in group 2 and 1.1 (0.31) in group 3. There was a significant decrease in eh cystometric signs of @entity2 in groups 1 and 2 when compared with group 3. CONCLUSIONS: This work reports and initial study showing that chronic electrostimulation of sacral nerve roots can reduce the signs of @entity2 in the spinally injured @entity1 . To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the @entity1 as an animal model to determine the effects of chronic electrostimulation on the micturition reflex.

title: An animal model for the neuromodulation of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 may arise due to @entity3 , @entity4 or errors in development. Restoration of such defects is important for esthetics, function and morale of the @entity0 . Several materials are available. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Search is on for an ideal material. Autogenous grafts remain the gold standard in reconstruction of such defects. However, the morbidity associated with their harvest, additional time required, the need for a second surgical site and the limited supply has led to the search for newer substitutes. Although many materials are available today including biologic and non biologic substitutes, there is still no consensus about the best material. In this article we describe our use of @entity1 cements for reconstruction of hemispherical @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases requiring reconstruction of hemispherical @entity2 (more than 15  cm in any dimension) were selected for study. After exposing the defect under GA, @entity5 mesh was adapted to the defect for support. Then the @entity1 cement was prepared and injected on the mesh to establish good contour. The alloplastic insert in each @entity0 was evaluated for: (a) Immediate post-operative complications (b) Restoration of contour and soft tissue support (c) New bone formation ascertained on HRCT at the end of 2  years. @entity0 were examined on postoperative first week, at 3 and at 6  months. High resolution computed tomography scans were taken at 2  years postop. There were two female and three male @entity0 . RESULTS: There were no complications in the post operative period. The general condition of the @entity0 improved post operatively. Even though the cements maintained their contour at 2  years, there were no signs of bone formation within the cement. CONCLUSION: @entity1 cement is a good bone substitute for use in cranioplasty. In defects requiring mechanical strength, it should be supported by a @entity5 mesh. It retains the contour but is not replaced by bone even after 2  years.

title: Cranioplasty of Hemispherical Defects Using XXXX Cements Along with @entity5 Mesh: Our Experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 ; @entity8 ), a protease originally identified in @entity0 , is characterized by a potent degrading activity against a wide spectrum of extracellular matrix proteins. The aims of this study were to localize and identify the @entity8 -expressing cells in invasive @entity1 @entity0 and to evaluate the role of @entity8 in transition to @entity2 by studying @entity10 ( @entity10 ). We found expression of @entity8 in stromal fibroblast-like cells in all 21 invasive @entity6 studied and in 4 of 9 invasive @entity7 . In most @entity4 , expression of @entity8 was limited to small stromal foci in the @entity3 area. Combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed coexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity and @entity8 mRNA in myofibroblasts. In contrast, cytokeratin-positive @entity3 cells, alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive vascular smooth muscle cells, @entity5 -positive macrophages, and @entity9 -positive endothelial cells were all @entity8 mRNA negative. In situ hybridization for @entity8 in 17 @entity10 revealed expression in 10 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis of all @entity10 cases identified microinvasion in 8 of the 17 lesions. Seven of the eight lesions with microinvasion were @entity8 positive. Further analysis showed that @entity8 expression was often associated with the microinvasive events. This particular expression pattern was unique for @entity8 among other MMPs analyzed, including @entity11 . We conclude that @entity8 is primarily expressed by myofibroblasts in @entity1 @entity0 and that expression in @entity10 often is associated with microinvasive events. On the basis of these data, we propose that @entity8 may play an essential role during transition of @entity10 to invasive @entity6 .

title: Collagenase-3 expression in breast myofibroblasts as a molecular marker of transition of @entity10 lesions to invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with impacted autologous bone grafting and a cementless cup in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with protrusio acetabuli. METHODS: Between January 2001 and April 2009, 18 cases (20 hips) of @entity2 with protrusio acetabuli were treated, including 6 males and 12 females with an average age of 46 years (range, 36-62 years). The disease duration was 3-10 years (mean, 6 years). Preoperative Harris score was 40.25    6.68. The protrusio acetabuli was (5.70    4.26) mm. According to Sotelo-Garza and Charnley classification criterion, there were 12 hips of type 1 (protrusio acetabuli 1-5 mm), 5 hips of type 2 (6-15 mm), and 3 hips of type 3 (>15 mm). All @entity0 received @entity3 with impacting bone graft and cementless prosthesis for recovery of acetabular center of rotation. RESULTS: The average operation time was 74 minutes (range, 48-126 minutes); the average @entity1 was 350 mL (range, 150-650 mL). @entity4 of @entity5 and poor healing of incision occurred in 3 and 2 cases respectively. Other @entity0 achieved primary healing of incisions. The mean time of follow-up was 108 months (range, 60-156 months). According to X-ray films, bone grafting fusion was observed within 6 months after operation. At last follow-up, the Harris score was 87.20    4.21, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative score (t = -27.68, P = 0.00); the protrusio acetabuli was (-1.11    0.45) mm, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative value (t = 5.66, P = 0.00). No loosening of acetabular components was found. CONCLUSION: For @entity2 @entity0 with protrusio acetabuli, @entity3 with impacted autologous bone grafting and a cementless cup has satisfactory medium-term effectiveness.

title: [CEMENTLESS TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY AND IMPACTED BONE GRAFTING FOR PROTRUSIO ACETABULI IN XXXX WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 -( @entity3 )-based chemoradiotherapy defines the current gold standard for the treatment of newly diagnosed @entity1 . Data regarding the influence of @entity3 dose density during chemoradiotherapy are currently not available. We retrospectively compared outcomes in @entity0 receiving no @entity3 , @entity3 during radiotherapy on radiotherapy days only, and @entity3 constantly 7  days a  week. @entity0 AND METHODS: From 2002-2012, a  total of 432 @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity1 received radiotherapy in our department: 118  @entity0 had radiotherapy alone, 210 had chemoradiotherapy with @entity3 (75   mg/m(2)) daily (7/7), and 104 with @entity3 only on radiotherapy days (5/7). Radiotherapy was applied to a  total dose of 60   Gy. RESULTS: Median survival after radiotherapy alone was 9.1  months, compared to 12.6  months with 5/7- @entity3 and to 15.7  months with 7/7- @entity3 . The 1  -year survival rates were 33, 52, and 64%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a  significant improvement of @entity3 -7/7 vs. 5/7 (p  = 0.01 by the log-rank test), while 5/7- @entity3 was still superior to no @entity3 at all (p  = 0.02). Multivariate Cox regression showed a  significant influence of @entity3 regimen (p  = 0.009) on hazard rate (+58% between groups) even in the presence of confounding factors age, sex, resection status, and radiotherapy dose concept. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the findings of the EORTC/NCIC trial. It seems that also a  reduced @entity3 scheme can at first prolong the survival of @entity1 @entity0 , but not as much as the daily administration.

title: XXXX during radiotherapy of @entity1 multiforme : Daily administration improves survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The detection of BRAFV600 mutations in @entity0 with @entity3 is important because of the availability of @entity5 inhibitor therapy. However, the clinical relevance of the frequency of BRAFV600 mutant alleles is unclear. @entity0 AND METHODS: Allele frequencies of BRAFV600 mutations were analyzed by ultra-deep next generation sequencing in @entity4 -fixed, @entity6 -embedded @entity3 tissue (75 primary @entity3 and 88 matched @entity1 ). In a second study, pretreatment specimens from 76 @entity0 who received @entity5 inhibitors were retrospectively analyzed, and BRAFV600 allele frequencies were correlated with therapeutic results. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity0 had concordantly @entity5 -positive and 36 (48%) @entity0 had concordantly @entity5 -negative primary @entity3 and matched @entity1 , and four @entity0 had discordant samples with low allele frequencies (3.4-5.2%). Twenty-six of 35 @entity0 with concordant samples had BRAFV600E mutations, three of whom had additional mutations ( @entity8 in two @entity0 and @entity9 in one) and nine @entity0 had exclusively non- @entity7 mutations ( @entity8 in eight @entity0 and @entity7 - @entity10 - in one @entity0 ). The frequency of mutated BRAFV600 alleles was similar in the primary @entity3 and matched metastasis in 27/35 @entity0 , but differed by >3-fold in 8/35 of samples. BRAFV600E allele frequencies in @entity2 specimens were not significantly correlated with treatment outcomes in 76 @entity0 with @entity3 who were treated with @entity5 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: BRAFV600 mutation status and allele frequency is consistent in the majority of primary @entity3 and matched @entity1 . A small subgroup of @entity0 has double mutations. BRAFV600 allele frequencies are not correlated with the response to @entity5 inhibitors.

title: Allele frequencies of BRAFV600 mutations in primary XXXX and matched @entity1 and their relevance for @entity5 inhibitor therapy in @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intraoperative @entity4 infusion and postoperative cardiac enzymes. DESIGN: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: A single tertiary cardiac center. @entity0 : One hundred consecutive @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and @entity0 provided informed consent to participate. @entity0 were randomized by computer into 2 equal groups: @entity4 or control. The blinded study included @entity4 administered at a dose of 1.8 U/h or 1.8 mL/h of normal saline, along with @entity2 . The drug was administered continually during surgery while @entity0 needed @entity2 . The intervention was discontinued upon admission to the intensive care unit when information regarding the true character of the drug was reported to the doctor in charge of @entity0 in the intensive care unit by one of the investigators. Primary outcomes were CK-MB and troponin T levels measured at 0, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity0 , 8 were excluded; the remaining 92 were randomized to either the @entity4 (n = 47) or control (n = 45) group. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the groups. Postoperatively at 0, 6, and 12 hours, there were no differences in CK-MB (U/l) (37.5    57.9 v 32.0    21.5, 29.4    41.1 v 24.4    23.1, and 21.4    21.3 v. 21.8    32.4, respectively) and troponin T (752.4    638.2 v 762.7    557.1, 753.8    507.3 v 777.6    515.0, and 774.6    572.6 v 698.7    540.2, respectively) values. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 infusion has been used to treat @entity3 -unresponsive shock. In this study, intraoperative @entity4 was used safely as a possible first-line drug for treating @entity1 ; however, it did not increase the levels of cardiac enzymes after cardiac surgery.

title: XXXX Does Not Raise Cardiac Enzymes Following Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To determine the frequency, subtype, complications, treatment and visual prognosis of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: A total of 1702 @entity1 @entity0 ' medical records were reviewed for a history of @entity5 both with a neurologist and an ophthalmologist. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 (0.52%) with @entity5 were detected. Eight of them were female, one was male. The mean age was 42.0  14.1y (range 22-66). Seven @entity0 were relapsing remitting @entity1 , two were secondary progressive @entity1 . The mean duration of @entity1 was 10.8  10.3y, and the mean duration of @entity5 10.3  9.9y. The onset of @entity5 preceded that of @entity1 (four @entity0 ) by a mean of 5.0  4.3y (range 1-11). @entity1 diagnosed prior to the onset of @entity5 (five @entity0 ) by an interval of 0.75-16y (mean 4.95  6.24y). There were 16 affected eyes of nine @entity0 . The most common types of @entity5 were @entity6 and intermediate @entity5 . @entity5 was bilateral in most @entity0 . The most common complications were @entity3 and @entity4 , and @entity0 with such complications were surgically treated. The range of visual acuity of affected eyes was 20/800 to 20/22, with only six of 16 affected eyes better than 20/40. After treatment, the visual acuity of the affected eyes was better than 20/40 in 11 of 16 eyes. CONCLUSION: @entity5 should be considered when assessing an @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 , as surgical interventions other than medical treatments may be needed to improve visual function. Complications could be seen more often when posterior segment is involved.

title: XXXX associated with @entity1 : complications and visual prognosis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The preservatives @entity5 (IMID, Germall 115) and @entity4 (DU, Germall II) are commonly used in cosmetic products and are well-known sensitizers. The aim of the present study was to establish the optimal patch test concentration in hydrophilic dried-in vehicle (TRUE Test) for IMID and DU. 181 @entity0 were included in the study. Of these, 150 were @entity0 referred for patch testing, 12 were @entity0 with known @entity3 to IMID and 19 were @entity0 with known @entity3 to DU. 76 consecutive @entity0 and the 12 IMID- @entity1 @entity0 were patch tested with a dilution series IMID (0 to 600 microg/cm(2)), @entity2 (180 microg/cm(2)) and DU (200 microg/cm(2)). 74 consecutive @entity0 and the 19 DU- @entity1 @entity0 were patch tested with a dilution series of DU (0 to 600 microg/cm(2)), @entity2 (180 microg/cm) and IMID (200 microg/cm(2)). A positive dose-response relationship was found. The number of doubtful reactions decreased with increasing test concentrations. No late reactions were observed. A patch test concentration in hydrophilic dried-in vehicle (TRUE Test) of 600 microg/cm(2) was found to be adequate and safe for both IMID and DU.

title: Standardization of the TRUE Test @entity5 and XXXX patches.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Humin is a major fraction of soil organic matter and strongly affects the sorption behavior and fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments. This study evaluated four different extraction methods for soil humins in terms of their organic @entity0 structural changes and the consequent effects on @entity6 sorption. Solid-state @entity4 NMR demonstrated that 0.1 M @entity3 exhaustively extracted humin and humin extracted with 6 M HF/ @entity2 at 60 degrees C had a relatively high amount of aliphatic components as compared with 1 M HF-extracted humin. The treatment of 6 M HF/ @entity2 at 60 degrees C greatly reduced @entity1 components (50-108 ppm) from humin samples, i.e., more than 50% reduction. In addition, the humin from this 6 M HF/ @entity2 treatment contained relatively more amorphous @entity5 domains than the humins extracted by other methods. With the respect to @entity6 sorption, the linearity of sorption isotherm (N) and sorption affinity (Koc) varied markedly among the humin samples extracted by different methods. The @entity3 exhaustively extracted humin had the most nonlinear sorption isotherm and the HF-extracted humin had the lowest Koc. It is concluded that humin samples from different extraction procedures exhibited substantial differences in their organic @entity0 structure and sorption characteristics, even though they were from the same soil. Therefore, one needs to be cautious when comparing the structural and sorption features of soil humins, especially when they are extracted differently. The 6 M @entity2 /HF extraction at elevated temperature is not encouraged, due to the modifications of chemical structure and physical conformation of organic matter.

title: Chemical extractions affect the structure and XXXX sorption of soil humin.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many insects rely on chemical signals to transmit precise information on the location, identity, and quality of potential @entity3 . Chemical signals are often broadcasted at sites with physical properties that maximize signal propagation and signal transmision. Male neotropical orchid @entity1 (Euglossini) @entity4 and display on vertical branches and tree trunks in the forest to expose volatile blends (perfumes) that they previously collected from their environment. Previous studies have shown that the chemical composition of perfume blends is highly differentiated even between closely related species. However, variation in behavioral components of perfume exposure and male display remain poorly understood. We conducted a four-year study on orchid @entity1 display sites (8 species) in pacific Costa Rica, using field observations along with chemical analysis and cage experiments to assess display niche partitioning among sympatric species. We evaluated the influence of physical factors (terrain, wind, light) on the distribution of @entity4 sites and on @entity0 , and tested a prediction of the sex @entity2 -analogue hypothesis, i.e. that displaying males have above-average quantities or qualities of acquired perfumes. Males of different species displayed in the same general area and sometimes in close proximity to each other, but partitioned the display niche by selecting different @entity4 diameters, display heights, and by displaying at different times of the day. Most @entity4 sites were located inside the forest on elevated ground, especially along ridges, where stronger winds may help disperse perfume signals. Furthermore, the angular position of displaying males on perches was narrowly determined by wind direction, with males being positioned on the downwind side of the @entity4 , where they would be most conspicuous to conspecifics approaching on an odour trail. Although our results generally support the hypothesis that perfumes serve as @entity2 analogues, we did not find differences in the perfume composition of males caught at display perches and males captured at chemical baits. This suggests that, while chemical communication is an integral part of orchid @entity1 display, male display activity is not determined by the history of, and success in, volatile acquisition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Blown by the wind: The ecology of male courtship @entity0 in orchid XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Leukocytes are critical effectors of @entity2 and @entity1 biology. Chemokine-like factors produced by such inflammatory sites are key mediators of @entity1 growth that activate leukocytic recruitment and @entity1 infiltration and suppress immune surveillance. Here we report that the endocrine peptide hormone, relaxin, is a regulator of leukocyte biology with properties important in recruitment to sites of @entity2 . This study uses the @entity0 monocytic cell line @entity4 and normal @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells to define a novel role for relaxin in regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Our studies indicate that relaxin promotes adenylate cyclase activation, substrate adhesion, and migratory capacity of mononuclear leukocytes through a relaxin receptor @entity6 -dependent mechanism. Relaxin-stimulated @entity3 accumulation was observed to occur primarily in non-adherent cells. Relaxin stimulation results in increased substrate adhesion and increased migratory activity of leukocytes. In addition, relaxin-stimulated substrate adhesion resulted in enhanced chemotaxis to @entity5 . These responses in @entity4 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells are relaxin dose-dependent and proportional to @entity3 accumulation. We further demonstrate that @entity6 is critical for mediating these biological responses by use of RNA interference lentiviral short hairpin constructs. In summary, we provide evidence that relaxin is a novel leukocyte stimulatory agent with properties affecting adhesion and chemomigration.

title: Relaxin stimulates leukocyte adhesion and migration through a relaxin receptor XXXX -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effects of long-term @entity3 therapy in intraabdominal @entity4 . METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 with a total of 45 cysts were treated with @entity3 with dosage regimen of 20 mg.kg-1.d-1 for an average of 2.5 years. Repeated CT and ultrasound scannings (US) were performed after the end of therapy. The duration of follow-up was 3.6 years on average. The number, size and morphology of cysts were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: The hydatid cysts were classified according to location and CT patterns into hepatic simple cysts, @entity2 with @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity1 . The hepatic simple cysts responded most favorably to @entity3 therapy, with an overall cure rate of 88.7%. The disappearance of cysts was observed in 43.0% of cases (15/35). Sixteen cysts (45.7%) became solidified or calcified, among which 8 cysts were completely calcified, 6 showed egg shell-like calcification of the cystic walls, and 2 showed solidification and calcification of cyst contents. Four @entity0 had large @entity2 containing @entity1 ; the @entity1 all disappeared after treatment, but one @entity0 relapsed with the reappearance of @entity1 at 4-year follow-up. Two @entity1 also calcified. Two @entity0 had peritoneal cysts; one calcified and the other one reduced in size. Among 15 @entity0 treated, 9 were cured and 6 were improved. There was no serious toxic reactions with continuous long-term therapy in a small series of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Continuous long-term @entity3 treatment of intraabdominal @entity4 is safe and effective in the treatment of hepatic simple cysts, and some @entity1 , peritoneal secondary cysts and @entity1 . No serious toxic reactions were found.

title: Continuous long-term @entity3 therapy in intraabdominal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and management of @entity5 in a @entity1 clinic. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Characteristics of @entity6 identified by existing screening practice (phase I, @entity3 >20 mg/l in three separate urine samples), were compared with those identified by a nurse-led management program (phase II, in which screening for @entity2 was based on albumin-to- @entity4 ratio in a single random urine specimen). RESULTS: In phase I, 644 @entity0 attended a @entity1 clinic over a 6-month period. Microalbuminuria results were available for 485 @entity0 (75%). A total of 115 @entity0 were identified as @entity6 (prevalence 17.8%). Of these @entity0 , 91% had type 2 @entity1 . During phase II, prospective analysis of urinary albumin-to- @entity4 ratio was carried out in 880 @entity0 over 8 months. A total of 174 @entity0 were identified as @entity6 (prevalence 20%). Of these, 134 @entity0 had been identified by existing screening protocols. Forty had no previous record of microalbuminuria and were therefore newly identified by prospective screening. Systolic blood pressure guidelines were met in only 31% of all known @entity6 and 26.5% of newly diagnosed @entity6 . Diastolic blood pressure guidelines were met in 36% of all known and 38% of newly diagnosed @entity6 . In the @entity0 group of known @entity6 from phases I and II, 62% were prescribed ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor (AIIR) antagonists. In the newly identified @entity2 @entity0 cohort from phase II, 48% used ACEIs or AIIR antagonists. CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of a nurse-led management program significantly improved detection of @entity2 . We are currently evaluating its impact on clinical management.

title: Identification and management of XXXX in the @entity1 clinic.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study developed mathematical models in order to evaluate the effect of A w (Water activity) and growth temperature on @entity0 kinetic behaviour. The A w levels (0  970, 0  975, 0  983, and 0  991) of cheese were adjusted by @entity1 ; then, Staph. aureus was inoculated on the cheese, followed by storage at 7-30    C for 72-720  h. Total bacterial and Staph. aureus cell counts were enumerated on tryptic soy agar and @entity3 salt agar, respectively. The Baranyi model was fitted to the Staph. aureus growth data in order to calculate the maximum specific growth rate ( max; log CFU/g/h), lag phase duration (  ; h), lower asymptote (N 0; log CFU/g) and upper asymptote (N max; log CFU/g). The effects of storage temperature and A w on the kinetic parameters ( max and   ) were then further analysed with the Ratkowsky-type model and a polynomial equation, respectively. The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and relative error (RE) were calculated in order to estimate the model performance. No significant effect of A w on Staph. aureus growth was observed at 7    C; thus, the Baranyi model was fitted to the growth data from 15, 25 and 30    C. The  max values (0  011-0  303 log CFU/g/h) increased (P<0  05) as the storage temperature and A w increased. In addition,    values (2  42-63  48  h) decreased (P<0  05) as storage temperature and A w increased; yet, the effect of A w on    was observed only at 15    C. The theoretical minimum storage temperature and A w were 10  15    C and 0  882, respectively. @entity2 (0  010-1  544) and RE values (-0  131 to 0  187) from validation indicated that model performance was appropriate. Hence, these results suggest that the developed models in this study should be useful in describing the effect of temperature and A w on the growth kinetic behaviour of Staph. aureus in cheese along with the exposure assessment of Staph. aureus in cheese as well.

title: Kinetic behaviour of XXXX on cheese as a function of water activity and temperature.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Some of the recently observed functional features characteristic of immunocompetent cells residing in the @entity0 intestinal lamina propria could be mediated by @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To investigate the role of @entity2 in the @entity0 intestinal mucosa, the regulation of @entity2 production by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was determined and compared with that of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Following activation by using different stimuli, @entity2 release by @entity5 and @entity4 into the supernatant was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In parallel, cell growth was determined by @entity1 incorporation. RESULTS: Neither @entity5 nor @entity4 release @entity2 constitutively. Triggering through @entity6 or the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex in the presence of autologous monocytes induces significantly greater @entity2 secretion by @entity5 than by @entity4 . Engagement of the @entity3 receptor enhances @entity2 release and proliferation of @entity6 triggered CD45RO+ @entity4 . In contrast, it reduces @entity6 induced @entity2 production by @entity5 without altering cell growth significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Activated @entity5 release relatively high amounts of @entity2 . Enhanced @entity2 production by activated @entity5 , in comparison with activated @entity4 , is not only related to the presence of a higher proportion of CD45RO+ T cells in the intestinal lamina propria, but is also caused by increased sensitivity of @entity5 to @entity6 co-stimulation. The differential responsiveness of @entity5 , compared with @entity4 , to @entity3 engagement demonstrates that @entity3 could be involved in the altered @entity6 reactivity of @entity5 .

title: T cells of the @entity0 intestinal lamina propria are high producers of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of vitrification, rapid freezing, and slow freezing in preserving testicular tissue for subsequent isolation of spermatogonial stem cells. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: University-based laboratory. ANIMALS: Immature @entity0 testicular tissue. INTERVENTION(S): The tunica of the testis was manipulated before cryopreservation. The tunica was either breached with a fine needle or completely removed, or the testis was sectioned longitudinally into halves. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cell viability by @entity2 exclusion test and flow cytometry analysis of live-dead cytotoxicity test, measurement of hormonal production, enrichment of spermatogonial stem cells with use of magnetic-activated cell sorting technology. RESULT(S): Samples with tunica minimally penetrated with a needle point gave the highest cell viability after freezing and thawing. Vitrification protocol with use of an @entity3 - @entity1 -based vitrification solution (40% vol/vol @entity3 -0.6 mol/L @entity1 ) was able to maintain postwarming cell viability and functions similar to those of noncryopreserved controls and significantly better than both conventional slow and rapid freezing protocols. Primitive spermatogonial stem cells were enriched successfully from vitrified tissue via magnetic-activated cell sorting. CONCLUSION(S): Vitrification of testicular tissue is a time- and cost-efficient strategy to preserve spermatogonial stem cells for potential transplantation procedure.

title: Cryopreservation of XXXX testicular tissue: prospect for harvesting spermatogonial stem cells for fertility preservation.

answer: @entity0