abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to identify possible associations between medicines used in pregnancy and preterm deliveries using data mining as a screening tool. SETTINGS: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: We used data mining to identify possible correlates between @entity6 and medicines used by 92,235 pregnant Danish @entity0 who took part in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). We then evaluated the association between one of the identified exposures (vaccination) and the risk for @entity4 by using logistic regression. The @entity0 were classified into groups according to their exposure to vaccination. The regression analyses were adjusted for the following covariates: parity, @entity0 's gender, maternal Body-Mass Index (BMI), age, smoking, drinking, job, number of inhabitants in the place of residence, @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity5 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Preterm birth, a delivery occurring before the 259th day of gestation (i.e., less than 37 full weeks). RESULTS: Data mining had indicated that maternal vaccination (among other factors) might be related to @entity4 . The following regression analysis showed that, the @entity0 who reported being vaccinated shortly before or during gestation had a slightly higher risk of giving @entity4 (O.R. = 1.14; 95% CI 1.04-1.25) as compared to the non-vaccinated group. CONCLUSION: Whether the association between maternal vaccination and the risk for @entity4 found here is causal or not deserves further studies. Data mining, especially with additional refinements, may be a valuable and very efficient tool to screen large databases for relevant information which can be used in clinical and public health research.

title: Maternal vaccination and XXXX : using data mining as a screening tool.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is an infrequent but life-threatening complication after stapled digestive tract @entity3 . Endovascular embolization is one of the available treatments, but precise clinical outcomes are yet to be evaluated. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular embolization for managing @entity6 after stapled digestive tract @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity6 after stapled digestive tract @entity3 by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Curative effect was summed for analysis. RESULTS: All @entity6 arteries were located in the stoma and were identified by contrast agent spillover by DSA. The offending arteries were superselectively catheterized and embolized with microcoils and/or gelatin sponge particles. Laboratory examinations showed normal hemoglobin and red blood cell counts when the @entity0 ' abdominal cavity drainage @entity8 stopped draining blood. The follow-up period was 3.2-84.7 months (median, 19.7 months). Four @entity0 died during this time, of which two had @entity2 , one had @entity4 with @entity1 recurrence and @entity7 , and the final @entity0 had a @entity5 4 months after embolization. In the surviving @entity0 , no rebleeding occurred after embolization and no additional intervention or surgery was required. CONCLUSION: Endovascular embolization is safe and effective for managing @entity6 after stapled digestive tract @entity3 .

title: Endovascular embolization for managing XXXX after stapled digestive tract @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECT: To define the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: Between 1992 and 2009, 26 @entity3 in 14 @entity0 (9 female and 5 male) were treated with GKRS. Mean age of @entity0 at the time of treatment was 45.1 years (range 25-61). @entity4 was established in 7 @entity0 , and 7 @entity0 had @entity3 . Twenty-one @entity1 were solid, 4 were cystic, and 1 had both components. Four @entity0 were treated with upfront radiosurgery, and 10 were treated following a resection. Mean @entity1 volume was 1.65 cm3 (range 0.08-9.02, median 1.1 cm3). Mean dose to the @entity1 margin was 18 Gy (range 10-25, median 18). @entity0 were assessed clinically and radiologically at 6- to 12-month intervals following GKRS. The median follow-up was 3 years (range 0.5-12 years). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess factors predictive of @entity1 progression, and factors predictive in univariate analysis (P < 0.10) were entered into Cox multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: On follow-up, 4 @entity1 were stable in volume (15%), 14 decreased (54%), and 8 increased (31%). @entity1 control rates at 1, 5, and 10 years was 89%, 74%, and 50%, respectively. There was a trend toward @entity1 progression in sporadic @entity0 (P = 0.10), @entity0 (P = 0.09), and larger @entity1 (P = 0.10). In @entity0 with @entity3 as compared to those with only a solitary @entity3 , the radiosurgically treated lesion was 7.9 times more likely to progress after GKRS treatment (P = 0.018). This remained the only significant predictor in multivarialble analysis. At the last clinical follow-up, seven @entity0 showed no change or improvement in their symptoms and seven deteriorated. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiosurgery offers a reasonable rate of @entity1 control and preservation of neurologic function in @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity3 are less likely to exhibit long-term @entity1 control of @entity2 following radiosurgery.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for XXXX --outcome at 3 years.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 in combination with @entity5 or @entity3 are active chemotherapy reigimes against @entity6 . We compared the efficacy and safety of a combination of @entity5 and @entity7 (group 1) with that of @entity3 and @entity7 (group 2) in the treatment of advanced @entity6 in a prospective, randomised, multicentre trial. METHODS: @entity0 with stage IIIB or @entity1 who had not had prior chemotherapy were allocated either to group 1 and treated with @entity7 (100 mg/m(2), day 1) and @entity5 (80 mg/m(2), day 2) or to group 2 and treated with @entity3 (1100 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8) and @entity7 (100 mg/m(2), day 8). All @entity0 received recombinant @entity0 @entity8 (150 mg/m(2)). All @entity0 received recombinant @entity0 @entity8 (150 mg/m(2)) had appropriate standard premedication. Response and @entity4 were assessed using WHO criteria. Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: 441 @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive @entity7 / @entity5 (group 1, n=219) or @entity3 / @entity7 (group 2, n=222). 14 @entity0 in group 1 and 21 @entity0 in group 2 were not evaluable. Objective response rates were similar in the two groups: group 1, 32.4% (95% CI 26.2-38.6%; 1.4% complete response and 31% partial response); group 2, 30.2% (24.5-36.2%; 0.9% complete response and 29.3% partial response). The two groups did not differ in median duration of response, time to @entity2 progression, overall survival, or 1 year or 2 year survival rates. INTERPRETATION: Both drug combinations had comparable activity in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 who had not previously had chemotherapy; however, @entity3 and @entity7 had the most favourable @entity4 profile.

title: Platinum-based and non-platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced XXXX : a randomised multicentre trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: cDNA clones encoding the alpha chain of the @entity1 lymphocyte-Peyer's patch adhesion molecule (LPAM), which is associated with lymphocyte homing, have been isolated by screening with the @entity0 VLA-4 (alpha 4h) probe. Several alpha 4 antigenic determinants were identified on COS-7 cells after transfection. From overlapping clones, approximately 5 kb of contiguous @entity2 sequence have been determined, encoding a protein sequence of 1039 @entity5 for the LPAM alpha chain (alpha 4m). LPAM is a member of the integrin family of cell-surface heterodimers, and alpha 4m is the @entity1 homologue of the @entity0 alpha 4 h chain. The two proteins have a total sequence similarity of 84%, with an almost perfect conservation (31/32 @entity5 ) in the cytoplasmic domain. Like alpha 4h, alpha 4m is distinct from other integrin alpha chains because it has neither an I-domain nor a @entity4 -terminal cleavage site. The positions of the characteristic @entity3 residues are conserved, and a putative protease cleavage site is located near the middle of the protein sequence. The @entity6 -terminal part of the protein contains seven homologous repeats, and three of them include putative divalent cation-binding sites. These sites are among the most conserved between the alpha 4m sequence and other alpha chains, and may therefore be involved in the binding of integrin alpha and beta chains. An additional cDNA clone was isolated which shares a sequence of perfect homology with the alpha 4m encoding cDNAs, but has a unique 3' @entity7 end. This observation correlates with the fact that three discrete @entity1 RNA bands are observed in Northern blot experiments using alpha 4m as a probe, whereas only two @entity0 RNA species are described for alpha 4h, indicating a higher complexity for @entity1 than for @entity0 sequences.

title: Cloning and expression of cDNAs for the alpha subunit of the XXXX lymphocyte-Peyer's patch adhesion molecule.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze genome-wide changes in chondrocyte gene expression in a surgically induced model of @entity3 ( @entity10 ) in @entity1 , to assess the similarity of this model to @entity0 @entity10 , and to identify genes and mechanisms leading to @entity10 pathogenesis. METHODS: @entity10 was surgically induced in 5 @entity1 by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy. Sham surgery was performed in 5 additional animals, which were used as controls. Both groups underwent 4 weeks of forced mobilization, 3 times per week. RNA was extracted directly from articular chondrocytes in the @entity10 ( @entity10 ), contralateral, and sham- @entity10 knees. Affymetrix GeneChip expression arrays were used to assess genome-wide changes in gene expression. Expression patterns of selected dysregulated genes, including @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity13 , Ptges, and @entity2 , were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, or immunohistochemistry 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: After normalization, comparison of @entity10 and sham- @entity10 samples showed 1,619 differentially expressed probe sets with changes in their levels of expression > or = 1.5-fold, 722 with changes > or = 2-fold, 135 with changes > or = 4-fold, and 20 with changes of 8-fold. Dysregulated genes known to be involved in @entity0 @entity10 included @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity9 , among others. Several dysregulated genes (e.g., @entity12 , @entity11 , and @entity14 ) had been identified in our earlier microarray study of @entity5 chondrocyte differentiation. Other genes involved in cytokine and chemokine signaling, including @entity2 and @entity7 , were identified. Changes in gene expression were also observed in the contralateral knee, validating the sham operation as the appropriate control. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the animal model mimics gene expression changes seen in @entity0 @entity10 , supporting the relevance of newly identified genes and pathways to early @entity0 @entity10 . We propose new avenues for @entity10 pathogenesis research and potential targets for novel @entity10 treatments, including cathepsins and cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor signaling pathways, in addition to factors controlling the progression of chondrocyte differentiation.

title: Global analyses of gene expression in early experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lymphoedema is a recognised complication of axillary surgery in @entity1 with early @entity0 . Such @entity1 are widely advised to avoid venepuncture on the ipsilateral side lest this cause complications including lymphoedema. This can lead to multiple failed venepuncture attempts causing distress to both @entity1 and healthcare professional. We reviewed current guidelines and critically appraised the evidence relating the development of lymphoedema to venepuncture to educate healthcare professionals and develop evidence-based guidelines. A systematic search of bibliographic databases was performed and an Internet search undertaken to identify @entity1 information leaflets from societies and support groups. Seven published articles were identified together with 15 published @entity1 information leaflets. Only one small prospective study was identified (level of evidence 2), the remainder being case-control studies (level 3) or retrospective reviews (level 4). There is no good evidence that venepuncture can precipitate lymphoedema. New, @entity1 -centred, evidence-based recommendations for venepuncture in @entity1 with @entity0 are proposed. Whenever possible, venepuncture should be performed on the contralateral arm. If this is not readily achieved, in the absence of lymphoedema it is preferable to consider venepuncture in the ipsilateral arm or insertion of a central venous device than to make further attempts in the contralateral arm or resort to sites such as veins in the foot. In the absence of lymphoedema, venesection in the ipsilateral arm carries little, if any, risk of additional complications. We offer evidence-based, @entity1 -centred guidelines for venepuncture in @entity1 with @entity0 following an axillary intervention.

title: XXXX -related lymphoedema and venepuncture: a review and evidence-based recommendations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In developing countries, data on @entity1 mortality are scarce. METHODS: Using South Africa's annual mortality and population estimates data, we calculated @entity1 age-standardised mortality rates for the period 1995 to 2006. The WHO world standard population was used as the reference population. Scatter plots and regression models were used to assess linear trends in mortality rates. To better characterise emerging trends, regression models were also partitioned for defined periods. RESULTS: @entity1 caused 52,217 @entity2 during the study period. There were 4,525 @entity2 for the most recent year (2006), with @entity0 accounting for 67% of @entity2 . For the entire South African population, the age-standardised mortality rate of 24.3 per 100,000 @entity0 in 1995 was similar to the rate of 23.8 per 100,000 @entity0 in 2006. Overall, there was no significant decline in @entity1 mortality in South Africa from 1995 to 2006 (slope = -0.15, p = 0.923). In @entity0 , there was a statistically non-significant annual decline of 0.21 @entity2 per 100,000 @entity0 (p = 0.433) for the study period. However, from 2001 to 2006, the annual decline of 1.29 @entity2 per 100,000 @entity0 was statistically significant (p = 0.009). In @entity0 , the mortality rate increased significantly at an annual rate of 0.19 per 100,000 @entity0 (p = 0.043) for the study period, and at a higher rate of 0.34 per 100,000 @entity0 (p = 0.007) from 1999 to 2006. CONCLUSION: The more recent declining @entity1 mortality rate in @entity0 is welcome but the increasing rate in @entity0 is a public health concern that warrants intervention. Smoking intervention policies and programmes need to be strengthened to further reduce @entity1 mortality in @entity0 and to address the increasing rates in @entity0 .

title: Trends in XXXX mortality in South Africa: 1995-2006.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine whether peritoneal macrophages from @entity0 with @entity1 -associated @entity2 express more inducible @entity4 synthase ( @entity6 ) and produce more NO than fertile controls. DESIGN: Unblinded clinical study. @entity0 (S): Nine infertile @entity0 with @entity1 and nine normal fertile @entity0 undergoing laparoscopy. INTERVENTION(S): Peritoneal fluid and macrophages were collected. Cells were also cultured with the @entity6 inducers interferon-alpha ( @entity5 ) or @entity3 plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Peritoneal fluid NO levels, peritoneal macrophage NOS activity, and peritoneal macrophage @entity6 protein expression. RESULT(S): NOS enzyme activity was higher in peritoneal macrophages from @entity1 @entity0 . Immunoblots demonstrated @entity6 protein only in peritoneal macrophages from @entity0 with @entity1 . Peritoneal fluid NO concentration was similar in the two groups, but total peritoneal fluid NO content was higher in @entity1 @entity0 . After 3 days' culture, peritoneal macrophages from @entity0 with @entity1 produced more NO in response to @entity5 or @entity3 plus LPS than controls. CONCLUSION(S): Peritoneal macrophages from @entity0 with @entity1 -associated @entity2 express higher levels of @entity6 , have higher NOS enzyme activity, and produce more NO in response to immune stimulation in vitro. As high levels of NO adversely affect sperm, embryos, implantation, and oviductal function, reducing peritoneal fluid NO production or blocking NO effects may improve fertility in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Inducible @entity4 synthase expression by peritoneal macrophages in XXXX -associated @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Eosinophil infiltration is a histological feature of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying eosinophilic infiltration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of the @entity6 , @entity8 , in @entity0 pancreatic myofibroblasts. METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and quantitative polymerase chain reactions were used to quantify @entity8 protein and messenger RNA levels, respectively. RESULTS: @entity8 expression was induced by T helper type 2 cytokines, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 , in time- and dose-dependent manners. Both @entity2 and @entity3 induced the rapid phosphorylation of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity5 -specific small interfering RNA significantly blocked @entity2 expression, indicating involvement of @entity5 signaling pathways in @entity8 induction. In contrast, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) protein-specific small interfering RNA experiments suggested that the @entity7 family proteins are negative regulators of @entity2 expression in pancreatic myofibroblasts. Interferon-y significantly inhibited @entity2 expression, and this response was mediated by @entity4 activation. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic myofibroblasts may be a cellular source of @entity8 in the pancreas. The T helper type 2 cytokines, @entity2 and @entity3 , are critical factors for the induction of @entity8 in the pancreas.

title: XXXX ( @entity8 ) Expression in @entity0 Pancreatic Myofibroblasts.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lactoferrin (Lf) is one of the antigens of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and functions as an endogenous suppressor of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) formation. However, the prevalence and pathogenicity of anti-lactoferrin antibodies (aLf) in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) remain unrevealed. This study aimed to examine the significance of aLf in @entity8 , initially. Sixty-five sera from @entity8 @entity0 , including 41 @entity7 , 5 @entity4 with @entity4 , and 19 eosinophilic @entity4 with @entity4 (EGPA) @entity0 , were subjected to aLf detection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical characteristics were compared between aLf-positive and aLf-negative @entity0 . Neutrophils from healthy donors were exposed to suboptimal dose (10   nM) of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) with aLf followed by evaluation of @entity3 formation. Results demonstrated that 4 out of 65 @entity8 sera (6.2%) were positive for aLf. All of them were EGPA sera (4/19, 21.1%). In EGPA, the frequency of renal involvement, serum @entity2 levels, and Birmingham @entity1 Activity Score (BVAS) in the aLf-positive @entity0 was significantly higher than those in the aLf-negative @entity0 , and the aLf titer correlated positively with the serum @entity2 level and BVAS. The @entity3 formation was particularly enhanced by combined stimulation of 10   nM @entity6 and 1     g/mL aLf. IgG isolated from sera of the aLf-positive EGPA @entity0 (250     g/mL) enhanced @entity3 formation induced by 10   nM of @entity6 , and the effect was abolished completely by absorption of the aLf. This pilot study suggests that aLf enhance @entity3 formation induced by @entity6 and are associated with disease activity of EGPA.

title: The Presence of Anti-Lactoferrin Antibodies in a Subgroup of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with @entity4 XXXX and Their Possible Contribution to Enhancement of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We introduce a young @entity0 , without history of @entity1 (I.B.D.) who started with an @entity6 , which in the following days progressed to a toxic megacolon. The @entity0 had come to hospital with @entity4 , @entity5 , fever and liquid, explosive @entity3 without pathologic products. There was no clinical remission with astringent diet, hydroelectrolitic reposition and antidiarrheic opiates. The @entity0 was admitted in hospital when he had blood in the @entity3 . This progressed to a toxic megacolon in three days and the @entity0 had to be operated on urgently. The surgeons found perforations in the colon and the pathologists diagnosed @entity2 . Even without previous E.B.D. history we reached the diagnosis from the clinical and analytical data and the plain abdominal radiology. It was impossible to confirm the diagnosis with a colonoscopy because of the high risk of perforation. In cases like this, early surgery may save the life of the @entity0 .

title: [Toxic megacolon presenting as XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Chymase is an important enzyme for the generation of angiotensin (Ang) II and in the activation of @entity7 . Therefore, chymase may be involved in the hemodialysis @entity1 , which is caused by intimal @entity5 that occurs after @entity2 ( @entity2 ) graft implantations. Bilateral U-shaped PTFE grafts were placed between the femoral vein and artery in @entity0 . Chymase inhibitor ( @entity8 , 1 mg/kg per day, p.o.) treatments were initiated 3 days before the operation. After the implantation, the @entity3 by @entity6 proliferation was most frequently observed in the venous side of the PTFE grafts. In the @entity6 , myofibroblasts were the main cellular components. On the other hand, fibroblasts only occupied cellular components in a much smaller proportion in the @entity6 . However, these cells seem to be rich in the properties of proliferation and migration. After PTFE graft implantations, extensive accumulations of chymase-positive mast cells were found mainly in the tissue surrounding the grafts. The Ang II- and TGF-beta-positive cells were found in an adjacent section that was in close proximity to the chymase-positive cells. In contrast, the @entity4 (1) receptors, as well as TGF-beta type II receptors, were expressed either in the @entity6 or in the outside adventitia of the PTFE grafts. Chymase inhibitor treatment resulted in a reduction of chymase, Ang II and @entity7 expression, leading to a significant inhibition of neointimal formation. These findings indicating that an increase of chymase via promoting Ang II and @entity7 generation plays a pivotal role in the neointimal formation after the implantation of PTFE grafts and also suggesting that chymase inhibition may be a new strategy that can be used to prevent PTFE graft dysfunctions in clinical settings.

title: Roles of chymase in @entity3 occurring after XXXX graft implantations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer pharmacogenetic studies use @entity2 samples as a DNA source when germline DNA is unavailable. Genotyping DNA from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) may be inaccurate due to FFPE storage, genetic aberrations, and/or insufficient DNA extraction. Our objective was to assess the extent and source of genotyping inaccuracy from @entity3 DNA and demonstrate analytical validity of @entity3 genotyping of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for pharmacogenetic analyses. METHODS: Cancer pharmacogenetics SNPs were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAYs in DNA harvested from matched @entity3 , FFPE lymph node (FFPE-LN), and whole blood leukocyte samples obtained from @entity0 @entity1 . No- and discordant-call rates were calculated for each tissue type and SNP. Analytical validity was defined as any SNP with <5% discordance between @entity3 and blood and <10% discordance plus no-calls. RESULTS: Matched samples from 114 @entity1 were genotyped for 247 SNPs. No-call rate in @entity3 was greater than FFPE-LN and blood (4.3% vs. 3.0% vs. 0.5%, p < 0.001). Discordant-call rate between @entity3 and blood was very low, but greater than that between FFPE-LN and blood (1.1% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001). Samples with heterozygous genotypes were more likely to be no- or discordantly-called in either tissue (p < 0.001). Analytical validity of @entity3 genotyping was demonstrated for 218 (88%) SNPs. CONCLUSIONS: No- and discordant-call rates were below concerning thresholds, confirming that most SNPs can be accurately genotyped from @entity3 on our Sequenom platform. @entity3 is a viable DNA source for prospective-retrospective pharmacogenetic analyses of clinical trial cohorts.

title: Genotyping concordance in DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) XXXX and whole blood for pharmacogenetic analyses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The dynamic and metabolic performance of @entity1 conditioned by a swimming program (CH) and hearts of sedentary @entity1 (SH) was studied in an isolated working @entity1 heart apparatus. Heart rate, filling pressure, and afterload were controlled or kept constant, and heart weights were comparable in both groups. When compared with SH, CH had @entity4 and cardiac work. Atrial pacing at more rapid rates caused greater differences in these functions, and left ventricular pressure and maximal rate of pressure rise (dp/dt) became higher in CH than in SH. Atrial pacing was associated in CH with increased @entity0 consumption but in SH by increased @entity2 and @entity3 production. When atrial filling pressure was elevated in order to perform ventricular function curves, CH showed greater dynamic responses than SH. There were also greater increments in @entity0 consumption, and the ratio of aerobic to anaerobic energy production was also higher in CH. The mechanism of increasing @entity0 consumption during stress in CH was mainly by improved coronary flow. In SH coronary flow did not change, but extraction of @entity0 from the perfusing fluid increased. The results indicate that in physically trained @entity1 the function of the heart as a pump is improved. These hearts have greater aerobic and mechanical reserve than hearts of sedentary animals. These effects appear to be at least partially due to improved mechanisms of @entity0 delivery.

title: The effect of physical training upon the mechanical and metabolic performance of the XXXX heart.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A growing area of interest and relevance in the study of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) focuses on the relationship between multisensory temporal function and the behavioral, perceptual, and @entity1 observed in @entity0 . Atypical sensory processing is becoming increasingly recognized as a core component of @entity2 , with evidence of atypical processing across a number of sensory modalities. These deviations from typical processing underscore the value of interpreting @entity0 within a multisensory framework. Furthermore, converging evidence illustrates that these differences in audiovisual processing may be specifically related to temporal processing. This review seeks to bridge the connection between temporal processing and audiovisual perception, and to elaborate on emerging data showing differences in audiovisual temporal function in @entity2 . We also discuss the consequence of such changes, the specific impact on the processing of different classes of audiovisual stimuli (e.g. speech vs. nonspeech, etc.), and the presumptive brain processes and networks underlying audiovisual temporal integration. Finally, possible downstream behavioral implications, and possible remediation strategies are outlined. @entity2 Res 2015.    2015 International Society for @entity2 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Keeping time in the brain: XXXX and audiovisual temporal processing.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe @entity1 but carries a risk of relapse in the following months. Methods: Major @entity1 @entity0 in a current episode attaining remission from ECT (17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17) score <=9) received randomly @entity2 10   mg, 20   mg, 30   mg or @entity3 100   mg as monotherapies and were followed for 6 months in a multicentre double-blind set-up. Primary endpoint was relapse (HAM-D17>= 16). Results: As inclusion rate was low the study was prematurely stopped with only 47 @entity0 randomised (20% of the planned sample size). No statistically significant between-group differences could be detected. When all @entity0 receiving @entity2 were compared with those receiving @entity3 , a marginal superiority of @entity3 was found (p=0.08). One third of @entity0 relapsed during the study period, and one third completed. Discussion: Due to small sample size, no valid efficacy inferences could be made. The outcome was poor, probably due to tapering off of non-study psychotropic drugs after randomisation; this has implications for future study designs. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00660062.

title: Relapse Prevention in Major @entity1 After Successful Acute Electroconvulsive Treatment: a 6-month Double-blind Comparison of Three Fixed Dosages of @entity2 and a Fixed Dose of XXXX - Lessons from a Failed Randomised Trial of the Danish University Antidepressant Group (DUAG-7).

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the temporal changes of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) perfusion patterns during the @entity3 ( @entity2 ) course and their influence on local control and survival in @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: DCE-MRI was performed in 98 @entity0 with @entity1 before @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and during early @entity2 (20-25 Gy) and mid- @entity2 (45-50 Gy). Signal intensity (SI) from the DCE-MRI time-SI curve was derived for each @entity1 voxel. The poorly perfused low-DCE @entity1 subregions were quantified as lower 10th percentiles of SI (SI10). Local control, disease-specific survival, and overall survival were correlated with DCE parameters at @entity2 , early @entity2 , and mid- @entity2 . Median follow-up was 4.9 (range, 0.2-9.0) years. RESULTS: @entity0 (16/98) with initial @entity2 high DCE (SI10 >or=2.1) had 100% 5-year local control, 81% disease-specific survival, and 81% overall survival, compared with only 79%, 61%, and 55%, respectively, in @entity0 with @entity2 low DCE. Conversion from @entity2 low DCE to high DCE in early @entity2 (28/82 @entity0 ) was associated with higher local control, disease-specific survival, and overall survival (93%, 74%, and 67%, respectively). In comparison with all other groups, outcome was worst in @entity0 with persistently low DCE from @entity2 throughout the mid- @entity2 phase (66%, 44%, and 43%; p = 0.003, 0.003, and 0.020; respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1 perfusion changes during @entity2 correlate with treatment outcome. Persistently low perfusion in @entity2 , early @entity2 , and mid- @entity2 indicates a high risk of treatment failure, whereas outcome is favorable in @entity0 with initially high perfusion or subsequent improvements of initially low perfusion. These findings likely reflect reoxygenation and may have potential for noninvasive monitoring of intra-treatment radio-responsiveness and for guiding adaptive therapy.

title: Longitudinal changes in @entity1 perfusion pattern during the @entity3 course and its clinical impact in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The voltage-dependent @entity4 channel, @entity7 , is modulated by the @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and the @entity5 receptor @entity2 kinases. When the @entity0 and @entity7 are coexpressed in HEK 293 cells, acute treatment of the cells with EGF during a patch recording can suppress the @entity7 current within tens of minutes. This effect appears to be due to @entity2 phosphorylation of the channel, as it is blocked by treatment with the @entity2 kinase inhibitor @entity6 , or by mutation of the @entity2 at channel @entity1 position 479 to @entity3 . Previous work has shown that there is a large increase in the @entity2 phosphorylation of @entity7 when it is coexpressed with the @entity0 . Pretreatment of @entity0 and @entity7 cotransfected cells with EGF before patch recording also results in a decrease in peak @entity7 current. Furthermore, pretreatment of cotransfected cells with an antibody to the @entity0 ligand binding domain (alpha- @entity0 ), which blocks receptor dimerization and @entity2 kinase activation, blocks the @entity0 -mediated suppression of @entity7 current. @entity5 treatment during patch recording also causes an inhibition of @entity7 current after tens of minutes, while pretreatment for 18 h produces almost total suppression of current. In addition to depressing peak @entity7 current, EGF treatment produces a speeding of C-type inactivation, while pretreatment with the alpha- @entity0 slows C-type inactivation. In contrast, @entity5 does not influence C-type inactivation kinetics. Mutational analysis indicates that the EGF-induced modulation of the inactivation rate occurs by a mechanism different from that of the EGF-induced decrease in peak current. Thus, receptor @entity2 kinases differentially modulate the current magnitude and kinetics of a voltage-dependent @entity4 channel.

title: Modulation of the @entity7 XXXX channel by receptor @entity2 kinases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) consists of a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that confer increased risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity5 is one of the key components of @entity4 which is caused by imbalance between vasodilatory substances like @entity6 (NO) and vaso-constrictive substances like endothelin and prothrombotic factors like @entity7 ( @entity7 ). OBJECTIVE: To study the markers of @entity5 (NO and endothelin) and prothrombotic markers ( @entity7 ) among the study subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 50 diagnosed cases of @entity4 as per International @entity1 Federation (IDF) criteria and 50 healthy volunteers as controls. Clinical evaluation included anthropometric, routine biochemical, hematological, serum insulin, NO, @entity8 and @entity7 measurements. RESULTS: Subjects with @entity4 had higher insulin, endothelin and @entity7 levels and low NO levels as compared to controls and the difference was found to be significant. The serum insulin levels were positively correlated with @entity7 and endothelin, and negatively correlated with NO. CONCLUSION: Endothelial functional status as reflected by decreased NO and increased serum endothelin levels along with insulin resistance is seen in @entity4 . Moreover, higher serum level of @entity7 also tilts towards a more prothrombotic milieu in the vascular endothelium. Hence @entity5 and prothrombotic markers may be used to guide for early diagnosis of @entity2 and @entity3 2 @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: The study of markers of XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ubiquitin (UB) is a highly conserved low molecular weight (8.5 kDa) protein. It consists of 76 @entity6 residues and is found in all eukaryotic cells. The covalent linkage of UB to a variety of cellular proteins (ubiquitination) is one of the most common posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. This modification generally regulates protein turnover and protects the cells from damaged or misfolded proteins. The polyubiquitination of proteins serves as a signal for degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. UB is present in trace amounts in body fluids. Elevated levels of UB are described in the serum or plasma of @entity0 under a variety of conditions. Extracellular UB is proposed to have pleiotropic roles including regulation of immune response, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. @entity2 is identified as receptor for extracellular UB in hematopoietic cells. @entity3 represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western society. Cardiac remodeling is a determinant of the clinical course of @entity3 . The components involved in @entity1 include-myocytes, fibroblasts, interstitium, and coronary vasculature. Increased sympathetic nerve activity in the form of @entity4 is a common feature during @entity3 . Acting via @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity4 is shown to induce myocyte apoptosis and @entity1 . @entity5 stimulation increases extracellular levels of UB in myocytes, and UB inhibits @entity5 -stimulated increases in myocyte apoptosis and @entity1 . This review summarizes intracellular and extracellular functions of UB with particular emphasis on the role of extracellular UB in cardiac myocyte apoptosis and @entity1 .    2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:527-560, 2016.

title: Extracellular Ubiquitin: Role in Myocyte Apoptosis and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 is associated with daytime functioning decrements in cognitive performance and behavioral regulation. Studies addressing @entity2 achievement are underrepresented. This study aimed to evaluate the strength of the relationships between @entity1 and achievement in core domains and general school performance. METHODS: Data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Studies of school-aged @entity0 investigating the relationships between @entity1 and @entity2 achievement were selected for inclusion in a systematic literature review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data extracted were converted into standardized mean differences; effect sizes (ES) and statistics were calculated by using random-effects models. Heterogeneity tests (I(2)) were conducted. RESULTS: Of 488 studies, 16 met eligibility criteria. @entity1 was significantly associated with poorer @entity2 performance for core @entity2 domains related to language arts (ES -0.31; P < .001; I(2) = 74%), math (ES -0.33; P < .001; I(2) = 55%), and science (ES -0.29; P = .001; I(2) = 0%), and with unsatisfactory progress/ @entity2 (ES -0.23; P < .001; I(2) = 0%) but not general school performance. CONCLUSIONS: Variable definitions of both @entity2 performance and @entity1 likely contributed to the heterogeneity among published investigations. Clear links between @entity1 and poorer @entity2 performance in school-age @entity0 are demonstrated. ES statistics were in the small to medium range, but nevertheless the findings serve to highlight to parents, teachers, and clinicians that @entity1 in @entity0 may contribute to @entity2 difficulties some @entity0 face.

title: Sleep XXXX and Academic Performance: A Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 64 Background: The goals of our Lymphoma Survivorship Clinic (SC) are to coordinate care, educate @entity0 , and create a survivorship care plan (SCP). The aim of this study was to determine if @entity0 -centered outcomes are improved after a SC visit. METHODS: From 11/13-5/15, surveys were mailed to recently-treated @entity4 @entity0 who were within 4 weeks of their last visit and in remission. Quality of life (QOL) was measured with PROMIS and distress was measured with the Impact of Events scale. Responses between those who attended SC and those who were eligible but did not attend were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 96 surveys sent to the SC group; 59 were returned (61% response rate). Of the non-SC group, 140 surveys were sent and 84 were returned (60% response rate). Mean age was 57 years (range 23-77) in the SC group and 59 years (23-88) in the non-SC group. There were more females in the SC group (52% vs 30%) but no differences in race, marital status, education, or health literacy. Those who attended the SC were more likely to recall receiving a summary of @entity1 treatment and recommendations for follow-up care (90% SC vs. 75% non-SC, p = 0.03). Furthermore, SC attendees were more likely to "definitely" recall discussion on improving health or preventing illness (89% vs. 53%), getting help in making changes in habits/lifestyle (76% vs. 50%), diet (80% vs. 31%), and exercise (82% vs. 51%), all p < 0.001. There were no differences in discussions regarding smoking, follow-up testing, and symptom monitoring. The SC group was less likely to need more information regarding sexuality (6% vs 20%, p = 0.045). There were no differences in need for information regarding @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity1 risk, fertility, complementary therapies, and social issues. The SC group was slightly more confident that they could get information or advice related to @entity1 (completely confident 76% vs. 61%, p = 0.07). There were no differences in QOL or distress. CONCLUSIONS: A Lymphoma SC visit increased receipt of SCP and provided more information on survivorship issues, particularly health behaviors, but did not improve QOL or distress. Further study is needed to determine if this leads to long-term health benefits.

title: Impact of @entity4 survivorship clinic visit on XXXX -centered outcomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) during the first 24 h after a @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and to study its relationship with other clinical variables and in-hospital follow-up. @entity0 AND METHODS: 101 @entity0 (age < 80 years) with @entity2 in sinus rhythm were prospectively studied. A Holter monitoring was performed during the first 24 h. The heart rate (HR), standard deviation of RR intervals (SDRR) and the histogram at different levels were analyzed, as well as the mean and standard deviation of RR intervals in an early 5 min record. The results were compared with the clinical characteristics and the in-hospital outcome of the @entity0 . RESULTS: HRV was lower in @entity0 , @entity1 and @entity0 who did not receive thrombolytic agents. In @entity0 without @entity3 , @entity2 's (SDRR: 52.8 [20.6] and 42.2 [16.9], respectively; p < 0.05). HRV was significantly decreased as Killip group increased, as well as in @entity0 who developed late @entity3 . The development of @entity5 was associated to a low HRV in the 24 h analysis (SDRR: 30.2 [15.6] for the 6 @entity0 with VF/VT vs 46.8 [20.1] for the rest; p < 0.05), as well as in the early 5 min record (29.8 [14.8] and 50.8 [35.8], respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During the first 24 h after @entity2 the HRV is related to some clinical variables and to @entity2 location (higher in @entity2 ). @entity0 who develop @entity3 or @entity4 before hospital discharge have a higher HR and a significantly decreased HRV.

title: [Heart rate variability during the first 24 hours of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We demonstrated that in @entity0 platelets the endocannabinoid @entity11 ( @entity14 ) decreased dose- and time-dependently @entity2 intracellular levels. No effect on @entity2 decrease induced by @entity14 was observed in the presence of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor @entity15 as well in platelets pretreated with the @entity7 A2 receptor antagonist, @entity13 or with @entity1 , inhibitor of @entity4 metabolism through the cyclooxygenase pathway. An almost complete recovering of @entity2 level was measured in platelets pretreated with the specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, @entity10 . In platelets pretreated with @entity6 or @entity16 , inhibitors of PI3K/ @entity3 pathway, and with @entity8 , inhibitor of phospholipase C pathway, only a partial prevention was shown. @entity2 intracellular level depends on synthesis by @entity5 cyclase and hydrolysis by PDEs. In @entity14 -stimulated platelets adenylate cyclase activity seems to be unchanged. In contrast PDEs appear to be involved. In particular @entity17 was specifically activated, as @entity10 reversed @entity2 reduction by @entity14 . @entity14 enhanced @entity17 activity through its phosphorylation. The PI3K/ @entity3 pathway and @entity9 participate to this @entity17 phosphorylation/activation mechanism as it was greatly inhibited by platelet pretreatment with @entity6 , @entity16 , @entity8 , or the @entity9 specific inhibitor @entity12 . Taken together these data suggest that @entity14 potentiates its power of platelet agonist reducing @entity2 intracellular level. J. Cell. Biochem. 9999: 1-10, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Regulation of XXXX Intracellular Levels in @entity0 Platelets Stimulated by @entity11 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of the synthetic @entity4 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) on @entity3 @entity0 in vivo were evaluated in the @entity2 prostate reconstitution (MPR) model. MPRs were produced by infection of either heterozygous (+/-) or nullizygous (-/-) @entity5 -mutant fetal prostatic epithelial cells with the recombinant retrovirus Zipras/myc 9. Previous studies have documented that loss of @entity5 function potentiates @entity0 in this model system. MPRs were grafted into homozygous (+/+) @entity5 male @entity2 , fed a @entity6 containing diet or a control diet and maintained until the status of @entity1 progression dictated sacrifice. Under these experimental conditions, treatment with @entity6 did not have a significant effect on @entity1 wet weight for either @entity5 +/- or @entity5 -/- MPRs. For, @entity5 +/- MPRs the animals fed the @entity6 diet had a slight improvement in survival and a significant reduction in the number of mesenteric @entity0 (P = 0.0477, t-test). Notably, in @entity5 +/- MPRs the incidence of @entity0 to lumbar spine and sternum was 92% in the control animals compared to 54% in the @entity6 treated animals (P = 0.035, chi2-test). In @entity5 -/- MPRs there was a trend toward a reduction in the number of soft tissue @entity0 to lung and liver in the @entity6 group relative to the control diet group and a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of @entity0 to bone was demonstrated in that 50% of control animals versus 30% of @entity6 treated @entity5 -/- animals harbored bone @entity0 (P = 0 < 0.05, chi2-test). Cell lines were established from portions of the @entity1 and from selected metastatic deposits in each experimental group. Clonal analysis, by retroviral integration pattern, indicated increased clonal diversity in both the @entity1 and @entity0 -derived cell lines from @entity6 treated animals relative to the control animals. In vitro treatment with @entity6 did not reveal discriminating differences between cell lines derived from @entity1 and bone @entity0 or control and treatment groups in regard to growth arrest or apoptotic responses. Overall these studies indicate limited anti- @entity1 and anti-metastatic activity in this highly aggressive in vivo @entity2 model of @entity3 , yet @entity6 treatment significantly suppressed the development of bone @entity0 in @entity5 +/- and @entity5 -/- MPRs revealing a novel and potentially clinically useful activity of this @entity4 .

title: Dietary @entity6 suppresses the development of bone @entity0 in vivo in a XXXX model of @entity3 progression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with metastatic poorly differentiated @entity5 (PDEC) usually have a short survival. The chemotherapy combination of @entity2 and @entity3 is frequently used as first-line palliative chemotherapy. There are, however, no published studies concerning second-line treatment of the disease. @entity4 has shown clinical effect in @entity5 . This study was performed to evaluate the effect of @entity4 in PDEC @entity0 who had progressed on first-line treatment. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 with PDEC (mainly gastrointestinal) were treated with @entity4 alone or in combination with @entity1 . A subset of @entity0 also received bevacizumab. @entity6 methylation was analyzed in tissue specimens. Data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: One @entity0 had a complete response, and 7 @entity0 had partial response (33% response rate). Median duration of response was 19 months. Another 9 (38%) @entity0 had a stable disease, after progression at inclusion, with a median duration of 18 months. Median progression-free survival for all @entity0 was 6 months, and median overall survival was 22 months. Only 1 @entity0 had a @entity6 methylation. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity4 alone or in combination with @entity1 and bevacizumab resulted in objective response or stabilization in 71% of PDEC @entity0 who failed on first-line chemotherapy. These results indicated that @entity4 may be used as second-line treatment in PDEC.

title: Clinical effect of @entity4 -based chemotherapy in poorly differentiated XXXX after progression on first-line chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) exhibit high biological activity, they are cytotoxic, genotoxic, and are constantly released into the environment as a result of incomplete metabolism. Consequently they pose a serious threat to the environment and @entity0 health due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or reproductive @entity1 properties. Knowledge of their bioavailability, including their sorption to soils and their impact on the soil-groundwater pathway, is crucial for their risk assessment. Laboratory batch and column leaching tests are important tools for determining the release potential of contaminants from soil or waste material. Batch and column tests were carried out with soils differing in physicochemical properties, each spiked with @entity3 (CK) or @entity4 (IF). Moreover, due to the fact that environmental pollutants may occur as coexisting compounds in the soil the mobility evaluation for @entity2 in the mixture with @entity5 ( @entity6 ; b-blocker) as a co-contaminant was performed. In order to assess appropriateness, the batch and column tests were compared. The release depended on the properties of both the soil and the presence of co-contaminants. The faster release was observed for coarse-grained soil with the smallest organic matter content (MS soil: 90% decrease in concentration until liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 0.3Lkg(-1) for all tests' layout) than for loamy sand (LS soil: 90% decrease in concentration until ratio L/S of 0.75Lkg(-1)). @entity2 are highly mobile in soil systems. Furthermore, the decrease of mobility of @entity4 was observed with the presence of a co-contaminant ( @entity5 ) in both of the soils (in MS soil a decrease of 29%; in LS soil a decrease of 26%). The mobility of @entity3 does not depend on the presence of a contaminant for MS soil, but also exhibits a decrease of 21% in LS soil.

title: The leaching behavior of @entity3 and XXXX from soil in the presence of co-contaminant - Mixture sorption approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Endocavitary @entity3 ( @entity3 ) provides a conservative alternative to proctectomy. Although most suitable for small, mobile lesions, @entity0 with less favorable @entity1 are often referred if they are poor surgical candidates. Knowing the extent to which @entity3 can control such @entity1 can be an important factor in making clinical decisions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred ninety-nine @entity0 , who received endocavitary @entity3 with or without external beam @entity3 (EBRT) during 1981 through 1995, were followed for disease status for a median of 70 months, including deaths from intercurrent causes. In the early years of the study, 21 @entity0 were treated with endocavitary @entity3 alone, the remainder of the @entity0 received pelvic EBRT (usually 45 Gy in 25 fractions) 5-7 weeks before endocavitary @entity3 . RESULTS: Overall, 141 @entity0 (71%) had local control with @entity3 alone. Salvage surgery rendered an additional 20 @entity0 disease free, for an ultimate local control rate of 81%. On multivariate analysis for local control (excluding surgical salvage), the most significant factors were mobility to palpation, use of EBRT, and whether pretreatment debulking of all @entity2 had been done (generally a piecemeal, nontransmural procedure). Of 77 cases staged by transrectal ultrasonography, the local control rate with @entity3 alone was 100% for @entity4 lesions, 85% (90% with no evidence of disease after salvage) for freely mobile @entity5 lesions, and 56% (67% with no evidence of disease after salvage) for uT3 lesions and @entity5 lesions that were not freely mobile. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity1 that are either @entity4 or have only a scar after debulking achieve excellent local control with endocavitary @entity3 . About 15% of mobile @entity5 @entity1 fail @entity3 ; therefore, careful follow-up is critical. Small uT3 @entity1 are appropriate for this treatment only if substantial contraindications to proctectomy are present.

title: Treatment of rectal adenocarcinoma with endocavitary and external beam radiotherapy: results for 199 @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recognition of emotional expressions plays an essential role in @entity0 's healthy development. Anomalies in these skills may result in @entity1 , social interaction difficulties and premorbid emotional problems in @entity0 and adolescents with @entity3 . Twenty-six subjects with early onset @entity3 spectrum (EOSS) disorders and twenty-eight matched healthy controls (HC) were instructed to identify five basic emotions and a neutral expression. The assessment entailed presenting @entity4 and congruent cross-modal stimuli. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we found no significant association for handedness, age or gender. However, significant associations emerged for emotion type, perception modality, and group. EOSS @entity0 performed worse than HC in uni- and cross-modal emotional tasks with a specific negative emotion processing impairment pattern. There was no relationship between emotion identification scores and positive or negative symptoms, self-reported empathy traits or a positive history of @entity5 . However, we found a significant association between emotional identification scores and nonverbal communication impairments. We conclude that cumulative dysfunctions in both nonverbal communication and emotion processing contribute to the social vulnerability and morbidity found in youths who display @entity2 .

title: Facial, vocal and cross-modal emotion processing in early-onset XXXX spectrum disorders.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Surgical implant-associated @entity2 ( @entity6 ) have severe clinical and socioeconomic consequences. Treatment of chronic @entity2 often involves antibiotics given systemically and locally to the affected site in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) bone cement. Given the high antibiotic concentrations required to affect bacteria in biofilm, local delivery is important to achieve high doses at the infection site. @entity7 is not suitable to locally-deliver some biofilm-specific antibiotics, including @entity4 , due to interference with @entity7 polymerisation. To examine the efficacy of localised, combinational antibiotic delivery compared to @entity7 standards, we fabricated @entity4 - and @entity5 -laden @entity1 scaffolds (CPS) by three-dimensional (3D) printing to treat an implant-associated @entity3 @entity2 in a @entity0 model. All @entity5 - and @entity4 -laden CPS treatments significantly reduced the bacterial burden compared with @entity5 -laden @entity7 . The bones were bacteria culture negative in 50  % of the @entity0 that received sustained release @entity5 - and @entity4 -laden CPS. In contrast, 100  % of the bones treated with @entity5 monotherapy using @entity7 or CPS were culture positive. Yet, the monotherapy CPS significantly reduced the bacterial metabolic load following revision compared to @entity7 . Biofilm persisted on the fixation hardware, but the infection-induced @entity2 was significantly reduced by local @entity4 delivery. These data demonstrate that, despite the challenging implant-retaining infection model, co-delivery of @entity4 and @entity5 from 3D printed CPS, which is not possible with @entity7 , significantly improved the outcomes of implant-associated @entity6 . However, biofilm persistence on the fixation hardware reaffirms the importance of implant exchange or other biofilm eradication strategies to complement local antibiotics.

title: 3D printed bioceramics for dual antibiotic delivery to treat implant-associated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To investigate whether the @entity6 mutation increases the risk of @entity5 , we determined the presence of the @entity6 mutation in pathology material from two series of autopsies of @entity0 from the Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands. The first series consisted of consecutive autopsies in @entity5 were mentioned in the autopsy report; most @entity0 of this series had major underlying disease. The second series consisted of autopsies in @entity0 younger than age 70 in @entity5 were the sole cause of @entity2 and no major acquired risk factor for @entity1 was present. Extraction of DNA was done on newly prepared tissue from archival paraffin blocks. In the first series, the presence of @entity6 was determined in 44 @entity0 , 1 of whom carried the mutation (2.3 percent; 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 12.0 percent). This prevalence is not different from the general population prevalence in The Netherlands. In the second series, @entity6 could be determined in 30 @entity0 of whom 3 carried the mutation (10 percent; 95% confidence interval 2. to 26.5 percent), which would lead to a threefold relative risk. A large number of @entity0 with diverse psychiatric diagnoses was present in the second series (eleven). We conclude that in the presence of severe illness, the @entity6 mutation plays no additional role in the development of @entity5 . The relative risk of the very rare fatal @entity3 that is the sole cause of @entity2 might also be less than the relative risk for @entity4 in carriers of the @entity6 mutation.

title: XXXX and fatal @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: To document the long-term outcome in cases of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears after treatment of vascularized pigment epithelial detachments with anti- @entity1 therapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the long-term outcome of a consecutive series of eyes with RPE tear developed during anti- @entity1 therapy for @entity5 associated with @entity6 or @entity7 (vascularized @entity5 ) was performed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and autofluorescence images and also @entity3 angiograms were analyzed to determine the functional and morphologic development over time. RESULTS: The long-term outcome of 22 eyes (21 @entity0 , 13 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 ; 65-85 years; mean: 76 years) with RPE tear was performed with minimal follow-up of 3 years (range: 3-5 years, mean: 44 months) and re-treatment with different therapeutic strategies. The eyes were differentiated in 2 groups according to the course of BCVA after the first 2 years of follow-up: Group 1 (11 eyes) demonstrated a stabilized or improved BCVA after 2 years and Group 2 (11 eyes) demonstrated a decrease in BCVA after 2 years. The initial BCVA between both groups was comparable. Also the mean initial size of the RPE tear was the same between the 2 groups, the area of the RPE tear decreased continuously during follow-up in Group 1, whereas this was the case in Group 2 only at the beginning of treatment with a further increase of the size of the RPE tear with longer follow-up. This corresponded with a different morphologic development between the two groups. In Group 1, increasing recovery of autofluorescence at the RPE-free area was visible beginning from the outer border, whereas in Group 2, further growth of the neovascular complex in the area of the RPE tear was observed resulting in larger fibrovascular scars. In addition, in both groups, the development of hyperreflective tissue was seen on spectral domain optical coherence tomography in the RPE-free area. The major therapeutic difference between the 2 groups was a significantly larger number of injections especially during the first year in Group 1. CONCLUSION: The development of RPE tear after anti- @entity1 therapy for vascularized @entity5 in exudative age-related @entity4 does not necessarily result in large disciform @entity2 , but multiple injections seem to be beneficial especially in the first year. With this strategy, RPE tears seem to be covered by autofluorescent and hyperreflective tissue and a regrowth of the neovascular complex can be prohibited. As a result, photoreceptor cells regain their metabolic support with functional recovery.

title: RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL TEAR AND ANTI- XXXX THERAPY IN EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: Clinical Course and Long-Term Prognosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our early experience evaluating the efficacy of genioglossus muscle advancement using the genioglossus bone advancement technique (GBAT) for symptomatic base of @entity7 and @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized study. METHODS: @entity0 data were obtained from the hospital records of 13 @entity0 undergoing genioglossus muscle advancement with the GBAT system. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity0 underwent genioglossus muscle advancement with the GBAT system. All @entity0 demonstrated greater than 75% obstruction at the base of the tongue as determined by preoperative M  ller's manoeuvre. Nine @entity0 @entity1 and four demonstrated severe upper @entity5 on nocturnal polysomnography. Postoperatively, all @entity0 reported improvement of snoring and @entity6 and greater than 90% improvement of collapse at the base of the tongue. Minor complications (3/13) included @entity4 . There was one case of infection requiring plate removal and one case of @entity5 secondary to @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Genioglossus muscle advancement using the GBAT system is a safe, simple, and rapid method for improving symptomatic base of @entity7 in @entity3 .

title: Genioglossus muscle advancement with the genioglossus bone advancement technique for base of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a common @entity3 after major surgeries. There is no conclusive approach for prevention of @entity2 in these @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: In this study, efficacy of @entity4 for prevention of @entity1 was evaluated. METHODS: @entity2 status of surgical @entity0 was evaluated postoperatively at the time of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-ICU) scale. @entity0 without @entity2 were assigned to the @entity4 or placebo group based on the simple randomization method. @entity0 received @entity4 or placebo tablet at a dose of 4 mg 3 times per day for 7 days. @entity0 were monitored daily for incidence of @entity2 . RESULTS: Changes in the incidence rates of @entity2 over time during the study phase (P = 0.04) and between the groups showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.029). However, severity of @entity2 was not significantly different between the @entity4 and placebo groups during the study period. CONCLUSION: It seems that @entity4 with its diverse effects can be a potential option for prevention of @entity1 . In this pilot study, @entity4 significantly decreased the incidence but not severity of @entity1 .

title: XXXX for the Prevention of @entity1 : A Pilot Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is widely considered to be associated with @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity2 in new-onset type 2 @entity1 @entity0 by measuring the serum level of CA 19-9 and performing abdominal ultrasonography (US). @entity0 AND METHODS: Consecutive type 2 @entity1 @entity0 in whom @entity1 was diagnosed within 36 months were included in this prospective study. Serum CA 19-9 measurement and US were performed in all @entity0 . If any of two was positive, abdominal computer tomography (CT) was carried out. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration or direct surgical referral was performed on @entity0 with CT-identified lesions. RESULTS: A total of 115 @entity0 were enrolled. CA 19-9 was elevated in 10 @entity0 but @entity2 diagnosed in neither of them. @entity2 was revealed by morphological means in three @entity0 without elevated CA 19-9 level. The sensitivity, specificity, positive-, negative predictive values and validity were 0%, 90.4%, 0%, 97.9% and 87.9% for CA 19-9, 66.7%, 100%, 100%, 99% and 99% for US, respectively. The value of the Standardized Incidence Ratio for @entity2 in new-onset type-2 @entity1 @entity0 was 198.6 (95% CI  =  6.25-46.9). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity2 in @entity0 with new-onset type-2 @entity1 is significantly higher than that in the general population and screening is beneficial for detecting PaC in this @entity0 population. CA 19-9 and US is not reliable screening modality for @entity2 screening in this population.

title: New-onset @entity1 - A high-risk group suitable for the screening of XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 are @entity1 localized to the sellar region arising from plasma cells. Knowledge of clinical, imaging, surgical, and pathological characteristics is limited to single case reports. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of five primary cases was conducted, followed by systematic review of English language articles using PubMed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Five primary case @entity0 include four @entity0 and one @entity0 , ages 60-77, followed up to 3  years. A systematic review identified 65 additional @entity0 , of whom 65% presented with @entity2 and 15% with @entity5 . Sixteen percent had history of known @entity4 ( @entity4 ) while 37% were diagnosed concurrently with @entity4 on presentation of @entity6 . Imaging showed median @entity1 size of 38  mm (range, 4-70  mm), with MRI intensity similar to that of other sellar masses. Surgical biopsy with immunohistochemical studies confirmed plasmacytoma diagnosis. Eighty-one percent underwent parasellar radiotherapy, and chemotherapy initiated in 59% of the 69 @entity0 with @entity4 . Overall survival rate was 74% at follow-up (median 12  months), with 18% having parasellar recurrences and 38% progressing to systemic @entity4 after presentation of a solitary plasmacytoma (median 3  months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 are @entity1 that should be considered in the differential diagnosis for lesions involving the sella and arising from the clivus, especially when @entity2 paresis is apparent, even in the absence of known @entity4 . Although recurrence rates for @entity6 is low, @entity0 should be monitored for progression to @entity4 . Treatment depends on the presence of @entity3 at diagnosis.

title: Sellar and clival plasmacytomas: case series of 5 XXXX with systematic review of 65 published cases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. We examined the effects of endogenous @entity6 ( @entity6 ) on the production of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity9 ( @entity9 ), and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by @entity5 ( @entity5 )-stimulated @entity0 synovial fibroblasts. 2. @entity10 (1 microM), a cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, inhibited @entity4 and @entity1 production (35+/-4% and 26+/-2%, respectively) but enhanced @entity9 production (38+/-4%) by @entity5 (1 ng ml(-1)) in synovial fibroblasts isolated from @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Exogenous @entity6 completely abolished the effects of @entity10 on the production of each mediator by @entity3 fibroblasts stimulated with @entity5 . 3. 8-Bromo @entity7 and @entity8 , @entity7 analogues, mimicked the effects of @entity6 on @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity1 production by @entity3 fibroblasts. 4. The EP(2) selective receptor agonist @entity13 (2 nM) and the EP(4) selective receptor agonist @entity14 (2 or 20 nM), but not the EP(1) selective receptor agonist @entity11 (1 microM) and the EP(3) selective receptor agonist @entity12 (1 microM), replaced the effects of @entity6 on @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity1 production by @entity3 and @entity2 fibroblasts stimulated with @entity5 in the presence of @entity10 . 5. Both @entity3 and @entity2 fibroblasts expressed mRNA encoding EP(2) and EP(4) but not EP(1) receptors. In addition, up-regulation of EP(2) and EP(4) receptor mRNAs was observed at 3 h after @entity5 treatment. 6. These results suggest that endogenous @entity6 regulates the production of @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity1 by @entity5 -stimulated @entity0 synovial fibroblasts through the activation of EP(2) and EP(4) receptors with increase in @entity7 .

title: Regulation by @entity6 of the production of @entity4 , @entity9 , and XXXX in @entity0 synovial fibroblasts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Key disparities between the timing and methods of assessment in animal @entity1 studies and clinical trial may be part of the reason for the failure to translate promising findings. This study investigates the development of @entity5 after thread occlusion MCAo in the @entity0 , using histological and behavioural outcomes. Using the adhesive removal test we investigate the longevity of behavioural deficit after @entity3 in @entity0 , and examine the practicality of using such measures as the primary outcome for future studies. @entity3 was induced in 132 Spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 which were assessed for behavioural and histological deficits at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days, 12 and 24 weeks (n>11 per timepoint). The basic behavioural score confirmed induction of @entity1 , with deficits specific to @entity1 animals. Within 7 days, these deficits resolved in 50% of animals. The adhesive removal test revealed contralateral neglect for up to 6 months following @entity1 . Sample size calculations to facilitate the use of this test as the primary experimental outcome resulted in cohort sizes much larger than are the norm for experimental studies. Histological damage progressed from a @entity4 to a hypercellular area that cleared to leave a fluid filled cavity. Whilst absolute volume of damage changed over time, when corrected for changes in hemispheric volume, an equivalent area of damage was lost at all timepoints. Using behavioural measures at chronic timepoints presents significant challenges to the basic science community in terms of the large number of animals required and the practicalities associated with this. Multicentre preclinical randomised controlled trials as advocated by the MultiPART consortium may be the only practical way to deal with this issue.

title: Evolution of XXXX and behavioural deficit over 6 months after MCAo in the @entity0 : Selecting the optimal outcomes and statistical power for multi-centre preclinical trials.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Valvular strands, thin filamentous material attached to the mitral or aortic valve, are seen during transesophageal echocardiography and have been associated with @entity2 . Little is known about this association in different age, sex, and race-ethnic subgroups and the effect of various strand characteristics on this association. METHODS: From @entity0 referred for transesophageal echocardiography, 73 @entity0 with recent @entity3 (68) or transient @entity1 attack (5) were age matched to 73 @entity2 - and transient @entity1 attack-free control subjects. The association between valvular strands and @entity4 was evaluated for the overall group and demographic subgroups. The effect of strand location, length, number, and valve thickness was also determined. RESULTS: An association between @entity4 and valvular strands was observed (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 9.6). The association was found for both @entity0 and @entity0 and among all three race-ethnic groups. The OR was greater in those who were younger (12.5 [95% CI = 2.4 to 64.5] for age < 60, 4.8 [95% CI = 1.3 to 18.2] for age 60 to 69, and 1.8 [95% CI = 0.5 to 6.4] for age > or = 70 years). Strands on both the mitral (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.5 to 7.9) and aortic (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.1 to 11.9) valve were associated with @entity4 , whereas the number and length of strands were not. The effect of strands was independent of mitral or aortic valve thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Valvular strands, whether mitral or aortic, are associated with @entity3 , especially among younger @entity0 .

title: Valvular strands and XXXX . Effect of demographics and strand characteristics.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Type 2 @entity1 may be present for several years before diagnosis, by which time many @entity0 have already developed @entity1 complications. Earlier detection and treatment may reduce this burden, but evidence to support this approach is lacking. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Glycemic control and clinical and surrogate outcomes were compared for 5,088 of 5,102 U.K. @entity1 Prospective Study @entity0 according to whether they had low (<140 mg/dl [<7.8 mmol/l]), intermediate (140 to <180 mg/dl [7.8 to <10.0 mmol/l]), or high (> or =180 mg/dl [> or =10 mmol/l]) fasting plasma @entity5 (FPG) levels at diagnosis. Individuals who presented with and without @entity1 symptoms were also compared. RESULTS: Fewer @entity0 with FPG in the lowest category had @entity7 , abnormal biothesiometer measurements, or reported @entity4 . The rate of increase in FPG and HbA(1c) during the study was identical in all three groups, although absolute differences persisted. Individuals in the low FPG group had a significantly reduced risk for each predefined clinical outcome except @entity2 , whereas those in the intermediate group had significantly reduced risk for each outcome except @entity2 and @entity6 . The low and intermediate FPG groups had a significantly reduced risk for progression of @entity7 , @entity8 sensory threshold, or development of microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 presenting with @entity3 2 @entity1 with lower initial glycemia who may be earlier in the course of their disease had fewer adverse clinical outcomes despite similar glycemic progression. Since most such @entity0 are asymptomatic at diagnosis, active case detection programs would be required to identify them.

title: Are lower fasting plasma @entity5 levels at diagnosis of @entity3 2 XXXX associated with improved outcomes?: U.K. prospective @entity1 study 61.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To investigate relationships between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and reported hypoglycaemia and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS: The EXAMINE trial randomized 5380 @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (T2DM) and a recent @entity3 ( @entity3 ) event, in 49 countries, to double-blind treatment with @entity5 or placebo in addition to standard of care. We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyse relationships among MACE, HbA1c levels and hypoglycaemic events. RESULTS: @entity0 randomized to @entity5 achieved lower HbA1c levels than the placebo group in all baseline @entity4 c categories without differences in hypoglycaemia rates. No systematic change was found in MACE rates according to baseline HbA1c (Pinteraction    =   0.971) or @entity4 c category at 1   month. @entity0 in the combined treatment groups (n   =   5380) who experienced serious hypoglycaemia (n   =   34) had higher MACE rates than those who did not (35.3% vs 11.4%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-4.60; P   =   .007), although the association was less strong when analysing only events after the hypoglycaemic event (adjusted HR 1.60, 95% CI 0.80, 3.20). CONCLUSIONS: There were no relationships between baseline HbA1c levels or HbA1c levels after 1   month of treatment and the risk of MACE. @entity5 improved glycaemic control without increasing hypoglycaemia. Reported events of hypoglycaemia and serious hypoglycaemia were associated with MACE. These data underscore the safety of @entity5 in improving glycaemic control in T2DM post- @entity3 . Further study of hypoglycaemia as an independent risk factor for MACE in @entity0 with T2DM and coronary disease is needed.

title: Relationship of glycated haemoglobin and reported hypoglycaemia to cardiovascular outcomes in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 and recent XXXX events: The EXAMINE trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the classification, surgical experience, and the functional outcome of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) according the type of ARM. METHODS: A total of 311 @entity0 (M:F=200:111) who underwent surgical treatment for ARM between 1990 and 2011 were reviewed. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Krickenbeck classification. The mean follow-up period was 112.2    76.7months (range: 36.8-414.9months). RESULTS: In the male @entity0 , 90 (45%) had perineal @entity2 , 60 (30%) had urethral @entity2 , and 7 (3.5%) had rectovesical @entity2 . There were 17 cases of ARM without a @entity2 (8.5%), and we could not determine the type of @entity2 in 26 @entity0 (13%) because of follow-up losses and @entity1 . In the female @entity0 , 34 (30.6%) had perineal @entity2 , 71 (64%) had rectovestibular @entity2 , and 2 (1.8%) had @entity6 . Four @entity0 did not have a @entity2 (3.6%). For 264 @entity0 , we did anoplasty (121 cases), @entity2 transposition (14 cases), and posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP, 129 cases). We found that 224 (84.8%) @entity0 showed @entity3 . The overall rate for @entity4 was 30.7% and for soiling was 6.5%. The continence outcome was good for 82.2% of @entity0 , fair for 2.7%, and poor for 15.2%. For rectovestibular @entity2 , @entity4 was higher in the perineal operation group, but the continence outcome was similar. CONCLUSION: Through a review of 20years' experience, an accurate diagnosis based on the Krickenbeck classification and operations following the principles of PSARP are crucial to achieve a good functional outcome in @entity0 with an ARM.

title: Can we expect a favorable outcome after surgical treatment for an XXXX ?

answer: @entity5


abstract: UV light was investigated for the decontamination of raw @entity1 , associated packaging, and contact surfaces. The UV susceptibilities of a number of @entity2 isolates (seven @entity2 isolates and three @entity3 isolates), @entity0 ATCC 25922, and @entity4 ATCC 10376 in liquid media were also investigated. From an initial level of 7 log CFU/ml, no viable @entity2 cells were detected following exposure to the most intense UV dose (0.192 J/cm(2)) in liquid media (skim milk subjected to ultrahigh-temperature treatment and diluted 1:4 with maximum recovery diluent). Maximum reductions of 4.8 and 6.2 log CFU/ml were achieved for @entity0 and serovar Enteritidis, respectively, in liquid media. Considerable differences in susceptibilities were found between the @entity2 isolates examined, with variations of up to 4 log CFU/ml being observed. UV treatment of raw @entity1 fillet (0.192 J/cm(2)) reduced @entity2 , @entity0 , serovar Enteritidis, total viable counts, and Enterobacteriaceae by 0.76, 0.98, 1.34, 1.76, and 1.29 log CFU/g, respectively. Following UV treatment of packaging and surface materials, reductions of up to 3.97, 4.50, and 4.20 log CFU/cm(2) were obtained for @entity2 , @entity0 , and serovar Enteritidis, respectively (P < 0.05). Overall, the color of UV-treated @entity1 was not significantly affected (P >=  0.05). The findings of this study indicate that @entity2 is susceptible to UV technology and that differences in sensitivities exist between investigated isolates. Overall, UV could be used for improving the microbiological quality of raw @entity1 and for decontaminating associated packaging and surface materials.

title: Efficacy of UV light treatment for the microbiological decontamination of XXXX , associated packaging, and contact surfaces.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Synchronous multifocal @entity1 are commonly observed in @entity3 of the bladder. The origin of these physically independent @entity1 has been proposed to occur by either intraluminal migration (clonal) or spontaneous transformation of multiple cells by carcinogens (field effect). It is unclear which model is correct, with several studies supporting both hypotheses. A potential cause of this uncertainty may be the small number of genetic mutations previously used to quantify the relationship between these @entity1 . METHODS: To better understand the genetic lineage of these @entity1 we conducted exome sequencing of synchronous multifocal pTa @entity2 at a high depth, using multiple samples from three @entity0 . RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis of high confidence single @entity5 variants (SNV) demonstrated that the sequenced multifocal @entity2 arose from a clonal origin in all three @entity0 (bootstrap value 100 %). Interestingly, in two @entity0 the most common type of @entity1 -associated SNVs were cytosine mutations of @entity6 @entity4 (Fisher's exact test p   <   10(-41)), likely caused by APOBEC-mediated deamination. Incorporating these results into our clonal model, we found that @entity6 type mutations occurred 2-5* more often among SNVs on the ancestral branches than in the more recent private branches (p   <   10(-4)) suggesting that @entity6 mutations largely occurred early in the development of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that synchronous multifocal @entity2 frequently arise from a clonal origin. Our data also suggests that APOBEC-mediated mutations occur early in the development of the @entity1 and may be a driver of tumourigenesis in non-muscle invasive @entity2 .

title: Determining the origin of synchronous multifocal XXXX by exome sequencing.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A chronic, progressive disorder @entity5 Resistant @entity7 (SRNS) accounts for 10-20% of all @entity0 with @entity7 . It is a @entity2 comprised of persistent @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity8 and @entity4 . Treatment for @entity5 -resistant @entity7 (SRNS) is challenging and @entity0 who suffer from SRNS require aggressive treatment to achieve remission. Calcineurin inhibitors have been used more in an empirical manner than on the basis of clear rationale. It was in 1984 when @entity3 was first considered for the treatment of @entity5 resistant @entity7 . Cyclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses immune response by downregulating the transcription of various cytokine genes. Till now many studies have been conducted to determine dosages, duration of therapy, side effects and advantages of @entity3 . Treatment of SRNS remains a dif   cult challenge in pediatric nephrology.   Treatment should be individualized according to the underlying histopathology, and clinical and environmental conditions of the @entity0 . There is an urgent need to distinguish as soon as possible those @entity0 who may bene   t from prolonged immunosuppressive treatment from those who will not bene   t from such treatment and who will just suffer from its major side effects. The emerging evidence that the majority of genetic forms of SRNS should receive symptomatic treatment only, should also be clinically tested and studies baring its significance should be evaluated in the future.

title: Use of XXXX Therapy in @entity5 Resistant @entity7 (SRNS): A Review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between perioperative @entity4 and complications after pancreatoduodenectomy. BACKGROUND: Perioperative @entity4 is associated with complications after various types of surgery. This relation was never investigated for pancreatoduodenectomy. METHODS: In a consecutive series of 330 @entity0 undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, @entity3 values were collected from the hospital information system during 3 periods: pre-, intra-, and early postoperative. The average @entity3 value per period was calculated for each @entity0 and divided in duals according to the median group value. Odds ratios for complications were calculated for the upper versus lower dual, adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification, body mass index, @entity1 , intraoperative blood transfusion, duration of surgery, intraoperative insulin administration, and octreotide use. The same procedures were carried out to assess the consequences of increased @entity3 variability, expressed by the standard deviation. RESULTS: Average @entity3 values were 135 (preoperative), 133 (intraoperative) and 142 mg/dL (early postoperative). Pre- and intraoperative @entity3 values were not associated with @entity2 . Early postoperative @entity4 (>= 140 mg/dL) was significantly associated with complications [odds ratio (OR) 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-4.9]. Overall, high @entity3 variability was not significantly associated with @entity2 , but early postoperative @entity0 who had both high @entity3 values and high variability had an OR for complications of 3.6 (95% CI, 1.9-6.8) compared to the lower @entity3 dual. CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative @entity4 is associated with @entity2 after pancreatoduodenectomy. High @entity3 variability may enhance this risk. Future research must demonstrate whether strict @entity3 control in the early postoperative period prevents complications after pancreatoduodenectomy.

title: Early postoperative XXXX is associated with @entity2 after pancreatoduodenectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Reactivity of the @entity7 -binding Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) in @entity2 has been associated with poor prognosis and @entity1 development. In our @entity10 /FEMX-I @entity0 @entity4 model, the binding of @entity9 correlates with experimental lung @entity1 formation in athymic @entity3 . In the present study, the metastatic potential of 2 @entity0 @entity4 cell lines ( @entity10 and FEMX-I) was assessed in relation to @entity5 and invasive phenotype. Immunocytological and invasion assays highlighted significant differences between these 2 cell lines. Immuno-cytochemical analysis confirmed the widespread expression of HPA-binding glycoconjugates on @entity10 but not FEMX-I cells. One of these HPA-binding glycoconjugates, the Tn antigen, was expressed highly on the surface of @entity10 cells but only weakly in the cytoplasm of FEMX-I cells. The sialyl Tn antigen was expressed in FEMX-I but not in @entity10 cells. There was no difference between the cell lines in adhesion/rate of trapping in athymic nude @entity3 lung tissues. In Matrigel invasion assays, @entity10 cells demonstrated an invasion potential more than 6 times greater than that observed with FEMX-I cells. Matrigel invasion of @entity10 cells was inhibited after incubation with HPA (89%) compared to controls with HPA and @entity12 blocking sugar or without HPA (p < 0.0005 at 5 df). In contrast, there was no inhibitory effect with the anti-Tn antibody @entity3 . Invasion of FEMX-I cells was not affected by the lectin and the IE3 antibody. Immuno-cytochemical analysis revealed expression of the terminal @entity6 - and @entity11 -binding lectin galectin 3 ( @entity8 ) in these @entity4 cell lines. Expression of both the lectin and its receptor may be a contributory feature in the pulmonary invasion of @entity10 @entity4 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that HPA-binding glycoconjugates other than the @entity13 -O-Ser/Thr of the Tn antigen may be important in the extracellular matrix invasion of @entity10 @entity4 cells.

title: Invasion potential and @entity7 expression in a XXXX @entity4 model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: An analysis of the chest recurrences was conducted in 72 consecutive @entity0 with limited @entity2 treated in two successive phase II trials alternating six induction chemotherapy courses and three series of thoracic radiotherapy, followed by maintenance chemotherapy. The total radiation dose was 45 Gy (3 series of 15 Gy) in the first trial, and 55 (20, 20 and 15 Gy) in the second. The effect of the irradiated volume was investigated by comparing the local relapse rates in the group of @entity0 treated by radiation fields encompassing the initial @entity1 volume to another group in which the initial target volume was not fully covered by radiation fields. The definition of these two groups was performed retrospectively by examination of radiological, fiberoptic bronchoscopy initial findings, technical radiation charts and check films. The local recurrence rate were 33 and 36% in each group (no significant difference). This finding could suggest that @entity1 shrinkage after chemotherapy might allow the use of "reduced" radiation volumes. However, the limited number of @entity0 does not permit a definite conclusion. The effect of radiation dose was investigated by comparing the local control rates in the two consecutive trials which delivered 45 and 55 Gy, respectively. No difference in long-term local control was found: the addition of 10 Gy in the second trial only seemed to delay the appearance of local recurrences by 6 months. Twenty percent of @entity0 died from a local relapse without evidence of distant metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alternating radiotherapy and chemotherapy schedules in limited XXXX : analysis of local chest recurrences.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of these studies were to investigate the digestibility of poultry litter of layers and to add poultry litter to grazing Boran @entity2 bulls and Ogaden @entity0 in East Ethiopia. Two feeding experiments (132 and 102 days) with Boran @entity2 bulls (10 and 16 bulls per trial) and one feeding experiment with female Ogaden @entity0 (30 ewes) were carried out. All animals were grazing all day long. During the night the animals of all trials were divided into two groups each. The animals of one group of each experiment obtained poultry litter ad libitum without any other feedstuffs. Apart from feeding trials digestion experiments were carried out in order to determine the digestibility of poultry litter in 4 Ogaden @entity0 . The apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude protein of poultry litter amounted to 69.8 and 82.8%, the net energy content was indicated with 474 EFUc per kg of dry matter. The daily @entity1 of Boran @entity2 bulls fed on poultry litter was by 40 and 91 g (6.5 and 13.6% in exp. 1 and 2) higher than that of control groups. Especially during the dry season (Feb./March 1982) bulls supplemented with poultry litter were highly superior in daily @entity1 (84 and 310 g per day more in exp. 1 and 2) to unsupplemented groups. The daily @entity1 of Ogaden @entity0 fed on poultry litter in a short-term experiment (56 days) under improved grazing conditions (April-June 1982) was by 13 g per day higher than that of control animals ( @entity1 : 18 and 31 g per animal and day).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Feeding poultry litter to grazing Boran @entity2 bulls and Ogaden XXXX in Ethiopia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of urine @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) concentrations to diagnose clear cell or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) by comparing urine concentrations of these unique biomarkers in @entity0 with @entity5 , noncancer renal masses, @entity2 , and @entity3 . METHODS: From February 1, 2012, through October 31, 2012, preoperative urine samples were obtained from @entity0 with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity5 based on an imaged renal mass, @entity3 , or transitional cell @entity2 . Imaged renal masses were diagnosed postnephrectomy-as malignant or benign-by histology. Urine @entity6 and @entity8 concentrations were measured by using a sensitive and specific Western blot and normalized to urine creatinine concentration. RESULTS: Median concentrations of urine @entity6 and @entity8 in @entity0 with clear cell and papillary @entity5 (n=47) were 29 and 36 relative absorbance units/mg urine creatinine, respectively. In contrast, median concentrations in @entity0 with @entity2 (n=22) and @entity3 (n=27), @entity0 with chromophobe @entity1 (n=7), and @entity0 with @entity7 (n=9) and @entity4 (n=7) were all less than 10 relative absorbance units/mg urine creatinine (Kruskal-Wallis test, P<.001 vs @entity5 for both biomarkers) and comparable with those in healthy controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.99 to 1.00 for both biomarkers. CONCLUSION: These results support the specificity and sensitivity of urine @entity6 and @entity8 concentrations for @entity5 . These novel tumor-specific proteins have high clinical validity and high potential as specific screening biomarkers for clear cell and papillary @entity5 as well as in the differential diagnosis of imaged renal masses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00851994.

title: Urine @entity6 and @entity8 differentiate renal carcinomas from other imaged renal masses and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effects of @entity5 ( @entity7 ), an antifibrotic agent, on experimental @entity4 induced by @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 . 2. Treatment with @entity3 caused a significant decrease in bodyweight and liver weight. Oral @entity7 (500 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks) essentially prevented this @entity3 -induced loss in bodyweight and tended to suppress the loss in liver weight. There were no significant differences in liver weight and serum @entity6 aminotransferase levels between @entity7 -treated and -untreated groups. @entity5 has no major side effects in vivo. 3. @entity5 suppressed the induction of @entity4 determined by histological evaluation and reduced hepatic @entity1 levels. Expression of mRNA for type I collagen and transforming growth factor-beta in the liver was also suppressed by @entity7 treatment. 4. Because hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the major cellular source of extracellular matrix in @entity4 , we examined the effects of @entity7 on type I collagen production in vitro using @entity0 primary HSC cultures. @entity5 inhibited collagen production in HSC culture in a dose-dependent manner. 5. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of @entity7 against @entity4 may be due, at least in part, to blockade of collagen production by HSC and suggest that @entity7 may be potentially useful in the prevention of the development of @entity4 .

title: @entity5 inhibits @entity2 -induced XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cellular senescence has been proposed to be an in vitro and in vivo block that cells must overcome in order to immortalize and become tumorigenic. To characterize these pathways, we focused on changes in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and their binding partners that underlie the cell cycle arrest at senescence. As a model, we utilized normal @entity0 prostate epithelial cell (HPEC) and @entity0 uroepithelial cell (HUC) cultures. After 30-40 population doublings cells became growth-arrested in G0/1 with a threefold decrease in @entity13 -associated activity, a point defined as pre-senescence. Temporally following this @entity2 , the cells develop a senescence morphology and express senescence-associated @entity9 (SA-beta-gal). Levels of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) rise in HUCs during progressive passages, whereas only @entity4 increases in HPEC cultures. The induced expression of @entity10 , similar to @entity4 , produces a senescent-like phenotype. @entity6 , cyclin D, @entity4 ( @entity14 ) and @entity8 ( @entity12 ) decrease in both cell types. We find that @entity3 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity11 ( @entity11 ) are transiently elevated in HPECs and HUCs at the pre-senescent @entity2 , then return to low proliferating levels at terminal senescence. Analysis of @entity3 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) reveals altered expression in immortalized, non-tumorigenic @entity7 E6 and E7 prostate lines and in @entity1 cells. These results indicate: (i) the existence of a subset of growth inhibiting genes elevated at the onset of the senescence, (ii) a distinct class of genes involved in the maintenance of senescence, and (iii) the frequent inactivation of these pathways during immortalization.

title: Role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in the @entity2 at senescence in XXXX prostate epithelial and uroepithelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since 1991, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been available for @entity0 with @entity2 in Germany. The aim of this study was to analyse the MR pattern of bone marrow involvement and response to ERT in @entity2 . @entity0 AND DESIGN: Thirty @entity0 with @entity2 had MRI examinations prior to initiation of ERT with @entity4 / @entity4 and during follow-up. Median MR follow-up and duration of ERT were 36 months. Coronal T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images of the lower extremities were obtained to evaluate changes in the appearance of yellow marrow. MR images were categorized as having either a homogeneous (type A) or non-homogeneous patchy (type B) appearance of bone involvement and response to ERT was assessed by two radiologists. RESULTS: Overall, 19 of 30 @entity0 (63%) showed an increased signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images after 36 months of ERT, consistent with partial reconversion of fatty marrow during treatment. Focal @entity1 surrounded by a low signal intensity (SI) rim did not respond to ERT, suggesting @entity3 . Of the 11 @entity0 with @entity3 (low SI rim lesion), 82% had the non-homogeneous type B pattern (P=0.0021). In 86% of @entity0 with splenectomy, @entity3 were seen (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MRI using T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences is a valuable, non-invasive method for monitoring bone marrow response in @entity0 receiving ERT. A non-homogeneous patchy signal intensity of bone marrow involvement correlates with the presence of @entity3 (P=0.0021).

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow changes in XXXX during enzyme replacement therapy: first German long-term results.

answer: @entity2