abstract: AIMS: Modern radiotherapy uses techniques to reliably identify @entity2 and reduce target volume margins. However, this can potentially lead to an increased risk of geographic miss. One source of error is the accuracy of target volume delineation (TVD). Colleague peer review (CPR) of all curative-intent @entity1 plans has been mandatory in our institution since May 2013. At least two clinical oncologists review plans, checking treatment paradigm, TVD, prescription dose @entity2 and critical organ tolerances. We report the impact of CPR in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiotherapy treatment plans of all @entity0 receiving radical radiotherapy were presented at weekly CPR meetings after their target volumes were reviewed and signed off by the treating consultant. All cases and any resultant change to TVD (including organs at risk) or treatment intent were recorded in our prospective CPR database. The impact of CPR over a 13 month period from May 2013 to June 2014 is reported. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two @entity0 (63% @entity4 , 17% @entity3 and 20% 'clinical diagnosis') were analysed. On average, 3.2 cases were discussed per meeting (range 1-8). CPR resulted in a change in treatment paradigm in 3% (one @entity0 proceeded to induction chemotherapy, two @entity0 had high-dose palliative radiotherapy). Twenty-one (17%) had a change in TVD and one (1%) @entity0 had a change in dose prescription. In total, 6% of @entity0 had plan adjustment after review of dose volume histogram. CONCLUSION: The introduction of CPR in our centre has resulted in a change in a component of the treatment plan for 27% of @entity0 receiving curative-intent lung radiotherapy. We recommend CPR as a mandatory quality assurance step in the planning process of all radical lung plans.

title: The Impact of Colleague Peer Review on the Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Process in the Radical Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Laparoscopic partial gastrectomy is the standard surgical treatment for @entity5 ( @entity4 ). However, to reduce @entity2 margins should be secured so as to minimize the size of the resection as much as possible. This is the report on the 3 laparoscopic resection techniques for @entity5 depending upon the growth pattern and location of the @entity0 , and their results. We performed laparoscopic partial gastrectomy for 41 gastric GISTs between 2004 and 2012. Simple resection was used on exophytic or small GISTs. Seromuscular resection was used on exoendophytic (intramural) and relatively small @entity0 . Transgastric resection was used in cases of large @entity0 . We performed simple resection on 24 lesions (58.5%), seromuscular resection on 14 lesions (34.1%), and transgastric resection on 3 lesions (7.3%). There were no intraoperative complications. @entity1 included 1 case (2.5%) of @entity3 from the staple line.

title: Strategy of Laparoscopic Partial Resection for Gastric XXXX According to the Growth Pattern.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Importance: Juvenile recurrent @entity4 (JRP) is characterized by recurrent @entity1 that occurs in the pediatric population. Sialendoscopy with and without ductal corticosteroid infusion (DCI) has been found to be effective in the treatment of JRP and @entity3 . Objective: To determine the utility of instrumentation vs pharmacotherapy alone for juvenile recurrent @entity4 . Design, Setting, and @entity0 : A retrospective medical record review of pediatric @entity0 undergoing DCI without sialendoscopy at a tertiary pediatric hospital was conducted. The medical records were reviewed to determine the frequency of @entity4 events before and after treatment. A multiquestion telephone survey of @entity0 and their parents who underwent the procedure was then conducted to determine @entity0 satisfaction. Interventions: Ductal corticosteroid infusion with @entity2 through catheter inserted in the parotid duct. Main Outcomes and Measures: Frequency of symptoms before and after treatment and parental satisfaction with the treatment. Results: Twelve @entity0 with a mean age of 6.7 years were identified. The mean duration and frequency of symptoms before the procedure were 22 months and every 2 months, respectively. Five @entity0 had a recurrence, on average 4 months after the procedure. Four @entity0 underwent repeated surgical procedures. All had a longer duration between episodes compared with before DCI. Eight parents participated in the survey on satisfaction with the procedure, and 75% reported improvement in their @entity0 's life postprocedure. Conclusions and Relevance: Current literature shows sialendoscopy with corticosteroid application is successful in treating JRP, but it is unclear whether corticosteroid application alone would treat JRP equally. This study shows that DCI alone has similar results as sialendoscopy with corticosteroid application, indicating that it is the corticosteroid application and not the sialendoscopy causing improvement in symptoms. Because JRP must be differentiated from sialolithiasis, we recommend ultrasonography of the involved parotid(s) prior to using DCI alone to ensure no stone is present. Sialendoscopy should be reserved to rule out other parotid ductal pathologic conditions.

title: Treatment of Juvenile Recurrent XXXX of Childhood: An Analysis of Effectiveness.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In native population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the rate of consanguineous marriages is 50.5%. This study was designed to determine whether the rates of consanguinity and family history of @entity1 among the families of @entity0 with @entity2 are different from those in the general population. METHODS: The study comprised 117 @entity0 from the whole of the country with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), ranging in age from 2 to 14 years. The consanguinity rate in the study group was compared with the rate in the general population. To study family history of @entity1 , the authors matched @entity0 with 117 controls. In a telephone interview, each mother was asked to provide data regarding the biologic relationship between her and her husband as well as that between both sets of grandparents; each was also asked whether any family relative had a @entity1 and, if so, of what type. RESULTS: Among the 69 @entity4 cases, 80% of families were consanguineous and 20% were nonconsanguineous. Among the 26 @entity5 and 22 @entity3 cases, each group included 3 consanguineous families, 12% and 14%, respectively. The consanguinity rates for @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity3 were all significantly different from the 50.5% consanguinity rate in the UAE population (all three P values < 0.0001). The family history of @entity1 was more often positive in @entity4 @entity0 than in controls (odds ratio, 2.14; confidence interval, 1.01--4.53). Overall and for each @entity2 , there was no difference in family history of @entity1 between consanguineous and nonconsanguineous groups of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The consanguinity rate in the families of @entity0 with @entity4 is significantly higher and in those with @entity5 and @entity3 significantly lower than that in the UAE population. The family history of @entity1 is more often positive among @entity4 cases than controls--consanguinity having no effect.

title: Consanguinity and family history of @entity1 in @entity0 with leukemia and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thyroid hormone concentrations fluctuate during growth and development. To accurately diagnose @entity1 in pediatric @entity0 , reference intervals (RIs) should be established with appropriate age groups from an adequate number of healthy subjects using the most exact methods possible. Obtaining statistically useful numbers of healthy @entity0 is particularly challenging for pediatric populations. The objective of this study was to determine non-parametric RIs for free @entity3 (fT4) and free @entity2 (fT3) using equilibrium dialysis-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with over 2200 healthy @entity0 6 months-17 years of age. METHODS: Subjects were negative for both @entity4 and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies and had normal thyrotropin concentrations. The study included 2213 @entity0 (1129 @entity0 and 1084 @entity0 ), with at least 120 subjects (average of 125) from each year of life, except for the 6 month to 1 year age group (n=96). RESULTS: Non-parametric RIs (95th percentile) for fT4 were: 18.0-34.7 pmol/L ( @entity0 and @entity0 , 6 months-6 years) and 14.2-25.7 pmol/L ( @entity0 and @entity0 , 7-17 years). RIs for fT3 were: 5.8-13.1 pmol/L ( @entity0 , 6 months-6 years); 5.7-11.8 pmol/L ( @entity0 , 6 months-6 years); 5.7-10.0 pmol/L ( @entity0 and @entity0 , 7-12 years); 4.5-8.6 pmol/L ( @entity0 , 13-17 years); and 5.2-9.4 pmol/L ( @entity0 , 13-17 years). CONCLUSION: Numerous significant differences were observed between pediatric age groups and previously established adult ranges. This emphasizes the need for well-characterized RIs for @entity5 in the pediatric population.

title: Pediatric Reference Intervals for Free @entity3 and Free XXXX by Equilibrium Dialysis-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The underlying mechanisms responsible for the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 who have undergone @entity4 deprivation therapy are not fully understood. This is the first study to address whether b2-adrenergic receptor ( @entity7 )- mediated signaling may affect @entity3 progression in vivo. By immunohistochemical analyses, we observed that low levels of @entity7 is associated with a more rapid development of @entity3 in a Norwegian @entity0 cohort. To elucidate mechanisms by which @entity7 may affect @entity3 development, we stably transfected LNCaP cells with shRNAs to mimic low and high expression of @entity7 . Two @entity5 -glucuronosyltransferases, @entity9 and @entity10 , involved in phase II metabolism of @entity8 , were strongly downregulated in two LNCaP shADRB2 cell lines. The low- @entity7 LNCaP cell lines displayed lowered glucuronidation activities towards @entity8 than high- @entity7 cells. Furthermore, increased levels of @entity2 and enhanced @entity4 responsiveness were observed in LNCaP cells expressing low level of @entity7 . Interestingly, these cells grew faster than high- @entity7 LNCaP cells, and sustained their low glucuronidation activity in castrated NOD/ @entity6 @entity1 . @entity7 immunohistochemical staining intensity correlated with @entity9 staining intensity in independent TMA studies and with @entity10 in one TMA study. Similar to @entity7 , we show that low levels of @entity9 are associated with a more rapid @entity3 progression. We propose a novel mechanism by which @entity7 may affect the development of @entity3 through downregulation of @entity9 and @entity10 .

title: Low b2-adrenergic receptor level may promote development of castration resistant XXXX and altered steroid metabolism.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytohistologic correlation of @entity0 ( @entity5 ) in order to assess the value of cytology in the conservative management of this lesion. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of all aspirates diagnosed as @entity5 or @entity3 (n = 1,549) for which a histologic follow-up study was available (n = 362). Forty-three aspirates, including 14 nonrepresentative smears, from histologically proven FAs with a different cytologic report were also included in the study. RESULTS: Cytohistologic agreement was present in 287 of the 362 cytodiagnoses. Lack of correlation was observed in 75 cases. Most diagnostic errors accumulated in the older @entity1 group. The sensitivity of the cytologic diagnosis of @entity5 was 86.9% (90.8% excluding nonrepresentative cases), with a positive predictive value of 79.3%. In 43 cases a histologic diagnosis of @entity5 was given after previous erroneous (n = 29) or nonrepresentative cytodiagnoses (n = 14). The specificity of the cytologic diagnosis of @entity5 reached 93.8%, with a negative predictive value of 96.3% (97.5% excluding nonrepresentative cases). Regarding @entity2 , five @entity2 were diagnosed as @entity5 and were malignant. No false positive diagnoses of @entity2 were given, but nine aspirates were included in the category "suspicious for @entity4 ." CONCLUSION: @entity5 of the breast remains a diagnostic challenge for the cytopathologist. A considerable amount of benign breast lesions can mimic @entity5 on cytology, and such diagnostic categories as " @entity3 " or "consistent with @entity5 " are associated with low diagnostic accuracy. While the cytologic requisites for entering a program of conservative management of @entity5 are established, it seems that strict diagnostic criteria should be applied even at the expense of diminishing sensitivity.

title: Fine needle aspiration cytology of XXXX . A cytohistologic correlation study of 405 cases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Internal @entity2 is an uncommon cause of @entity3 . The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the diagnosis, the management, and the follow-up of the internal hernias operated over a 10-year period in our department of visceral surgery. METHODS: 14 spontaneous internal hernias were observed. The @entity0 were evaluated with respect to symptoms, radiological findings, time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and surgery, type of operation performed, postoperative morbidity and mortality, postoperative stay, and follow-up. RESULTS: There were 8 @entity0 and 6 @entity0 . The preoperative diagnosis was evoked in only one case. The mean time elapsed between the onset of the symptoms and surgery was 31.1 hours (range 6 to 72 hours). Two intestinal resection were performed. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 11.3 days (range 6 to 22 days). The morbidity was 21.4% with no mortality. Mean follow-up was 7 months (range 3 to 15 months); one @entity0 developed an incisional @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Since preoperative diagnosis of an internal @entity2 is difficult because of the lack of specific signs, morbidity and mortality can be decreased with early surgical intervention. Operative risks include @entity1 , especially to @entity2 neck vessels.

title: [Internal XXXX : a rare cause of @entity3 . Apropos of 14 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3 , @entity4 , is an immensely destructive agricultural pest that forms a devastating and voracious gregarious phase. The fungal insect pathogen, Metarhizium acridum, is a specialized locust pathogen that has been used as a potent mycoinsecticide for locust control. Little, however, is known about locust immune tissue, i.e. fat body and hemocyte, responses to challenge by this fungus. METHODS: RNA-seq (RNA sequencing) technology were applied to comparatively examine the different roles of locust fat body and hemocytes, the two major contributors to the insect immune response, in defense against M. acridum. According to the sequence identity to homologies of other species explored immune response genes, immune related unigenes were screened in all transcriptome wide range from locust and the differential expressed genes were identified in these two tissues, respectively. RESULTS: Analysis of differentially expressed locust genes revealed 4660 and 138 up-regulated, and 1647 and 23 down-regulated transcripts in the fat body and hemocytes, respectively after inoculation with M. acridum spores. @entity0 ( @entity0 ) enrichment analysis showed membrane biogenesis related proteins and effector proteins significantly differentially expressed in hemocytes, while the expression of energy metabolism and development related transcripts were enriched in the fat body after @entity1 . A total of 470 immune related unigenes were identified, including members of the three major insect immune pathways, i.e. Toll, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and JAK/STAT (janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription). Of these, 58 and three were differentially expressed in the insect fat body or hemocytes after infection, respectively. Of differential expressed transcripts post challenge, 43 were found in both the fat body and hemocytes, including the LmLys4 lysozyme, representing a microbial cell wall targeting enzyme. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that locust fat body and hemocytes adopt different strategies in response to M. acridum infection. Fat body gene expression after M. acridum challenge appears to function mainly through activation of innate immune related genes, energy metabolism and development related genes. Hemocyte responses attempt to limit @entity1 primarily through regulation of membrane related genes and activation of cellular immune responses and release of humoral immune factors.

title: Comparative transcriptomic analysis of immune responses of the XXXX , @entity3 , to challenge by the fungal insect pathogen, Metarhizium acridum.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is becoming an increasingly encountered condition both in respiratory outpatient clinics and in hospitalized @entity0 . The health consequences and social disadvantages of @entity7 are significant. Unfortunately, the diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy is commonly delayed when the syndrome is not recognised or misdiagnosed. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy remains the mainstay of treatment and is effective in controlling @entity5 in the majority of individuals. Evidence supporting one mode of therapy over another is limited. Both continuous and bilevel therapy modes can successfully improve daytime gas exchange, with adherence to therapy an important modifiable factor in the response to treatment. Despite adherence to therapy, these individuals continue to experience excess mortality primarily due to @entity3 compared to those with @entity5 using CPAP. This difference likely arises from ongoing systemic @entity2 secondary to the morbidly @entity1 state. The need for a comprehensive approach to managing nutrition, weight and physical activity in addition to reversal of @entity5 is now widely recognised. Future studies need to evaluate the impact of a more @entity4 and comprehensive treatment plan beyond managing @entity5 . The impact of early identification and treatment of @entity5 on the development and reversal of @entity6 also requires further attention.

title: XXXX : Weighing in on therapy options.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine screening patterns and the risk of cervical @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) treated or not with @entity2 necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). METHODS: We performed a nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden of @entity0 with @entity3 who started a first TNFi (n=9629), biologics-naive @entity0 with @entity3 (n=34   984) and general population comparators (matched 1:10, n=300   331), followed up from 1999 to 2012. Outcomes were first cytology screening with normal outcome, first ever @entity6 ( @entity6 ) grade 1, first ever @entity6 2-3 or @entity4 in situ and first ever @entity1 during follow-up. HRs were assessed through Cox regressions adjusted for age, educational level, prior cervical screens, comorbidities, marital status and prior hospitalisations. RESULTS: Biologic-naive @entity0 with @entity3 had more screenings (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.10), were at greater risk of @entity6 1 (HR 1.53, 1.23 to 1.89) and @entity6 2-3 (HR 1.39, 1.16 to 1.66), but not of @entity1 (HR 1.09, 0.71 to 1.65) compared with the general population. @entity0 who initiated TNFi therapy had similar screening patterns (HR 1.01, 0.98 to 1.05), were not at increased risk of @entity6 1 (HR 1.23, 0.87 to 1.74), but were at increased risk of @entity5 (HR 2.10, 1.04 to 4.23) compared with biologics-naive @entity0 with @entity3 . Estimates varied little with successive adjustments, but were attenuated/absent in sensitivity analyses restricted to 2006-2012 and a disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs-treated comparator. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 in general are at elevated risk of @entity7 . Compared with biologics-naive @entity0 , @entity0 treated with TNFi are at increased risk of @entity2 . Whether this increase is causally linked with TNFi could not be fully disentangled.

title: Do @entity3 or TNF inhibitors increase the risk of cervical XXXX or of recurrence of previous @entity2 ? A nationwide study from Sweden.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Amid the explosion of fundamental knowledge generated from transgenic animal models, a small group of scientists has been producing transgenic livestock with goals of improving animal production efficiency and generating new products. The ability to modify mammary-specific genes provides an opportunity to pursue several distinctly different avenues of research. The objective of the emerging gene "pharming" industry is to produce pharmaceuticals for treating @entity0 diseases. It is argued that mammary glands are an ideal site for producing complex bioactive proteins that can be cost effectively harvested and purified. Consequently, during the past decade, approximately a dozen companies have been created to capture the US market for pharmaceuticals produced from transgenic bioreactors estimated at  3 billion annually. Several products produced in this way are now in @entity0 clinical trials. Another research direction, which has been widely discussed but has received less attention in the laboratory, is genetic engineering of the @entity2 mammary gland to alter the composition of milk destined for @entity0 consumption. Proposals include increasing or altering endogenous proteins, decreasing fat, and altering milk composition to resemble that of @entity0 milk. Initial studies using @entity1 to investigate the feasibility of enhancing manufacturing properties of milk have been encouraging. The potential profitability of gene "pharming" seems clear, as do the benefits of transgenic @entity2 producing milk that has been optimized for food products. To take full advantage of enhanced milk, it may be desirable to restructure the method by which dairy producers are compensated. However, the cost of producing functional transgenic @entity2 will remain a severe limitation to realizing the potential of transgenic @entity2 until inefficiencies of transgenic technology are overcome. These inefficiencies include low rates of gene integration, poor embryo survival, and unpredictable transgene behavior.

title: Transgenic dairy XXXX : genetic engineering on a large scale.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose was to investigate the effect of wet granulation with @entity3 ( @entity5 ) on the enhancement of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) dissolution. The effect of the granulation variables on the physical properties as well as the dissolution of tablets prepared from these granules was also examined. Granulation was performed using three granulating solvents: water, @entity0 (95 vol%), and @entity2 . Granules were either oven-dried for 2 h or air-dried for 3 days. The granules or respective physical mixtures were compressed into tablets. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that oven-dried granulation resulted in less amorphous entities thatfacilitated @entity4 - @entity5 complexation in solution and enhanced the dissolution of the corresponding tablets compared to the physical mixture with or without oven drying. In contrast, air-dried granulation did not cause any differences in the X-ray diffraction pattern (crystallinity) or the dissolution compared to the physical mixture without drying. @entity2 and water, as granulating solvents, enhanced the dissolution of the oven-dried batches more than @entity0 . The Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data showed that tablets prepared from oven-dried granules, but not air-dried granules, had lower AH values and percent loss in weight, respectively, than those prepared from the physical mixture as a result of the expulsion of the water molecules from the @entity5 cavity and enhancement of the complexation in solution. These results showed that oven-dried granulation of @entity4 and @entity5 provided faster @entity4 dissolution than the physical mixture; air-dried granulation did not substantially affect the dissolution of @entity4 .

title: Enhancement of XXXX dissolution via wet granulation with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The extracellular deposition of short amyloid peptides in the brain of @entity0 is thought to be a central event in the pathogenesis of @entity1 . The generation of the amyloid peptide occurs via a regulated cascade of cleavage events in its precursor protein, @entity2 PP. At least three enzymes are responsible for @entity2 PP proteolysis and have been tentatively named alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretases. The recent identification of several of these secretases is a major leap in the understanding how these secretases regulate amyloid peptide formation. Members of the ADAM family of metalloproteases are involved in the non-amyloidogenic alpha-secretase pathway. The amyloidogenic counterpart pathway is initiated by the recently cloned novel @entity3 protease named @entity4 . The available data are conclusive and crown @entity4 as the long-sought beta-secretase. This enzyme is a prime candidate drug target for the development of therapy aiming to lower the amyloid burden in the disease. Finally, the gamma-secretases are intimately linked to the function of the presenilins. These multi-transmembrane domain proteins remain intriguing study objects. The hypothesis that the presenilins constitute a complete novel type of protease family, and are cleaving @entity2 PP within the transmembrane region, remains an issue of debate. Several questions remain unanswered and direct proof that they exert catalytic activity is still lacking. The subcellular localization of presenilins in neurons, their integration in functional multiprotein complexes and the recent identification of additional modulators of gamma-secretase, like nicastrin, indicate already that several players are involved. Nevertheless, the rapidly increasing knowledge in this area is already paving the road towards selective inhibitors of this secretase as well. It is hoped that such drugs, possibly in concert with the experimental vaccination therapies that are currently tested, will lead to a cure of this inexorable disease.

title: Secretases as therapeutic targets for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has proven to be an effective strategy in the management of @entity5 (AVMs) in @entity0 and adults over the past three decades. Its application has resulted in lowering the morbidity and mortality associated with treatment of @entity4 . SRS has been used as a primary modality of therapy as well as in conjunction with embolization and microsurgery in the management of AVMs. The obliteration rate after SRS has been reported to range from 35% to 92%. Smaller AVMs receiving higher marginal doses have obliteration rates of 70% and more. The median follow-up reported in most series is approximately 36-40 months. The median time to obliteration has been reported to be approximately 24-36 months in most series. Radiation-induced @entity1 have been reported in less than 10% of @entity0 , with a 1.5%-6% risk of developing a new permanent @entity2 . The @entity3 rate during the latency to obliteration has been reported to be approximately 5%. This review describes the experience reported in literature with respect to the indications, dosage, factors affecting obliteration rate of AVMs, and complications after SRS.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for XXXX : A review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of previous @entity2 history with the recurrence and progression of @entity0 with high-risk non-muscle-invasive @entity2 treated with adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) and to evaluate their natural history. Materials and Methods: @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the existence of previous @entity2 (primary, non-primary). A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the possible differences in the probabilities of recurrence and progression with respect to @entity1 history, while potential differences due to gender, @entity1 size (> 3 cm, < 3 cm), stage (pTa, T1), concomitant @entity3 in situ (pTis) and number of @entity1 (single, multiple) were also assessed. Univariate and multivariate models were employed. In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare recurrence- and progression-free survival between the groups. Results: A total of 192 @entity0 were included (144 with primary and 48 with @entity1 ). The rates of recurrence and progression for @entity0 with @entity1 were 27.8% and 12.5%, respectively. The corresponding percentages for @entity0 with @entity1 were 77.1% and 33.3%, respectively. The latter group of @entity0 displayed significantly higher probabilities of recurrence (p=0.000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.067 to 18.804) and progression (p=0.002; 95% CI, 1.609 to 7.614) in a univariate logistic regression analysis. Previous @entity2 history remained significant in the multivariate model accounting for history, age, gender, @entity1 size , number of @entity1 , stage and concomitant pTis (p=0.000; 95% CI, 4.367 to 21.924 and p=0.002; 95% CI, 1.611 to 8.182 for recurrence and progression respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that the non-primary group hadreduced progression- and recurrence-free survival. Conclusion: Previous non-muscle-invasive @entity2 history correlates significantly with recurrence and progression in @entity0 with high-risk non-muscle-invasive disease treated with adjuvant BCG.

title: Previous XXXX History in @entity0 with High-Risk, Non-muscle-invasive @entity2 Correlates with Recurrence and Progression: Implications of Natural History.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: HER family receptors play a key role in @entity2 progression in several @entity2 , such as @entity0 . The aims of this study were to investigate expression of @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) samples and evaluate the association between HER-family receptor expression and @entity1 ' clinical outcomes. METHODS: Tissue samples from 91 @entity4 @entity1 were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to assess the expression of @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 . Semiquantitative scores of zero (no staining or staining in less than 10% of @entity2 cells), 1+, 2+ or 3+ were assigned to each sample based on the intensity of staining for HER receptors. Scores of 2+ or 3+ were defined as positive staining. RESULTS: @entity3 overexpression was observed in 41 out of 91 samples (45.1%), while @entity5 was not overexpressed in any of the analyzed samples. @entity6 was overexpressed in 37 samples (40.7%) and was found to be associated with advanced TNM stage. In particular, @entity6 was overexpressed in 12 out of 16 stage IV @entity1 (75%) compared with only 33.3% of stage I-III @entity1 (p = 0.02). Among 79 @entity1 with available survival data, the 6 @entity1 with strong @entity6 expression (score 3+) had a shorter survival compared with remaining @entity1 (median overall survival 6.9 months vs. 12.3 months, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 and @entity6 were found to be expressed in a significant proportion of @entity4 @entity1 . Strong @entity6 expression represents an indicator of poor prognosis in @entity4 @entity1 , being associated with advanced stage and shorter survival.

title: HER family receptor expression and prognosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that, independent of physical activity levels, sedentary behaviours are associated with increased risk of @entity2 , all-cause mortality, and a variety of physiological and psychological problems. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to determine the relationship between sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged @entity0 and youth aged 5-17 years. Online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO), personal libraries and government documents were searched for relevant studies examining time spent engaging in sedentary behaviours and six specific health indicators (body composition, @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity1 , self-esteem, pro-social behaviour and academic achievement). 232 studies including 983,840 @entity0 met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Television (TV) watching was the most common measure of sedentary behaviour and body composition was the most common outcome measure. Qualitative analysis of all studies revealed a dose-response relation between increased sedentary behaviour and unfavourable health outcomes. Watching TV for more than 2 hours per day was associated with unfavourable body composition, decreased @entity3 , lowered scores for self-esteem and pro-social behaviour and decreased academic achievement. Meta-analysis was completed for randomized controlled studies that aimed to reduce sedentary time and reported change in body mass index (BMI) as their primary outcome. In this regard, a meta-analysis revealed an overall significant effect of -0.81 (95% CI of -1.44 to -0.17, p = 0.01) indicating an overall decrease in mean BMI associated with the interventions. There is a large body of evidence from all study designs which suggests that decreasing any type of sedentary time is associated with lower health risk in youth aged 5-17 years. In particular, the evidence suggests that daily TV viewing in excess of 2 hours is associated with reduced physical and psychosocial health, and that lowering sedentary time leads to reductions in BMI.

title: Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged XXXX and youth.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is an update of a Cochrane overview published in Issue 9, 2011; that overview considered both efficacy and adverse events. This overview considers adverse events, with efficacy dealt with in a separate overview.Thirty-nine Cochrane reviews of randomised trials have examined the adverse events associated with individual drug interventions in acute @entity3 . This overview brings together the results of those individual reviews. OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of adverse event rates associated with single-dose oral analgesics, compared with placebo, for acute @entity3 in adults. METHODS: We identified systematic reviews in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on The Cochrane Library through a simple search strategy. All reviews were overseen by a single review group. We extracted information related to @entity0 experiencing any adverse event, and reports of serious adverse events, and deaths from the individual reviews. MAIN RESULTS: Information was available from 39 Cochrane reviews for 41 different analgesics or analgesic combinations (51 drug/dose/formulations) tested in single oral doses in @entity0 with moderate or severe @entity3 . This involved around 350 unique studies involving about 35,000 @entity0 . Most studies involved younger @entity0 with @entity2 following removal of molar teeth.For most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), @entity4 , and combinations not containing opioids, there were few examples where @entity0 experienced significantly more or fewer adverse events than with placebo. For @entity1 1000 mg and @entity5 1000 mg, opioids, or fixed-dose combination drugs containing opioids, @entity0 typically experienced significantly more adverse events than with placebo. Studies of combinations of @entity6 and @entity4 reported significantly fewer adverse events.Serious adverse events were rare, occurring a rate of about 1 in 3200 @entity0 .Most reviews did not report specific adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Despite ongoing problems with the measurement, recording, and reporting of adverse events in clinical trials and in systematic reviews, the large amount of information available for single oral doses of analgesics provides evidence that adverse events rates are generally similar with active drug and placebo in these circumstances, except at higher doses of some drugs, and in combinations including opioids.

title: Adverse events associated with single dose oral analgesics for acute XXXX in adults - an overview of Cochrane reviews.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We had previously found that a @entity6 -soluble protein ( @entity8 ) occurs in @entity0 liver, and that this novel protein inhibits protein synthesis in a @entity1 reticulocyte lysate system (T. Oka, H. Tsuji, C. Noda, K. Sakai, Y.-H. Hong, I. @entity4 , S. Mu  oz, Y. Natori, J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 30060-30067). In the present study, we analyzed lipid components bound to @entity8 . Native @entity8 was purified from @entity0 liver using Sephadex G-75, DE-52 cellulose and IgGPSP-affinity chromatography, and the lipid components were extracted. The components obtained from the purified @entity8 were shown to be free @entity3 by thin-layer chromatography. By GC-MS, six major @entity3 were identified as 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4. 1 mol of @entity8 contained 1.26 mol of total @entity2 components. The @entity2 -binding assay of @entity8 showed that the Bmax was 1.25 mol @entity2 /mol @entity8 and the Kd value for @entity5 was 6.03 microM. The concentration of @entity8 mRNA in @entity0 liver increased 2.3-fold by the administration of peroxisome proliferator, @entity7 . These findings show that @entity8 is a @entity2 -binding protein-like protein, which is involved in the intracellular metabolism of @entity2 and is quite different from the known @entity2 -binding proteins.

title: Analysis of the XXXX components in a @entity6 -soluble protein.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Staging criteria for @entity2 are based on survival groupings that allow the stage groups to be used as prognosticators for @entity2 treatment. Definitive staging of @entity4 facilitates allocation of @entity0 to appropriate treatment regimens according to each @entity0 's stage. Existing noninvasive staging methods are imperfect in detecting abdominal and thoracic lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 . Thoracoscopy is an excellent means for staging the chest and mediastinum. We have used thoracoscopic lymph node staging and laparoscopic lymph node staging for @entity4 since 1992. Thoracoscopy was performed in 45 @entity0 with biopsy specimen-proved @entity3 . Laparoscopy was done in the last 20 @entity0 . Laparoscopic-assisted feeding jejunostomies were performed in @entity0 with obstructive symptoms. Directed liver biopsies were performed if lesions were present. Thoracoscopy was aborted in three @entity0 because of adhesions. @entity2 was N0 in 40 @entity0 and N1 in 3. Celiac lymph nodes were normal in 14 @entity0 and abnormal in 6. Esophageal resection was performed in 30 @entity0 after thoracoscopic lymph node staging; 18 of these underwent laparoscopic lymph node staging. Thoracoscopic staging showed N0 lymph node status in 28 @entity0 and N1 in 2. Two of these N0 @entity0 (7%) were found at resection to have paraesophageal lymph involvement (N1). Thoracoscopic lymph node staging was accurate in detecting the status of thoracic lymph nodes in 28 of 30 cases (93%). Laparoscopic staging found normal celiac nodes in 13 @entity0 and abnormal lymph nodes in 5. After esophagectomy, final pathologic finding of the 13 N0 @entity0 was N0 in 12 @entity0 and N1 in 1 @entity0 . Thus, laparoscopic lymph node staging was accurate in detecting lymph node status in 17 of 18 @entity0 (94%). Six of 20 @entity0 undergoing laparoscopy had unsuspected celiac axis lymph node involvement missed by standard noninvasive techniques. Three percent of thoracic lymph nodes and 17% of celiac lymph nodes were downstaged after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic lymph node staging are more accurate than existing staging methods.

title: Advances in staging of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The discovery and validation of biomarkers in @entity1 is an important challenge for early diagnosis of disease and for the development of therapeutics. @entity6 is often a consequence of brain insults such as @entity4 or @entity3 , but as yet no biomarker exists to predict the development of @entity6 in @entity0 at risk. Given the complexity of @entity6 , it is unlikely that a single biomarker is sufficient for this purpose, but a combinatorial approach may be needed to overcome the challenge of individual variability and disease heterogeneity. The goal of the present prospective study in the @entity8 - @entity9 model of @entity6 in @entity2 was to determine the discriminative utility of combinations of phenotypic biomarkers by examining their ability to predict @entity6 . For this purpose, we used a recent model refinement that allows comparing @entity2 that will or will not develop @entity7 ( @entity7 ) after @entity9 -induced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Potential biomarkers included in our study were @entity7 threshold and @entity7 severity in response to timed i.v. infusion of @entity10 ( @entity11 ) and behavioral alterations determined by a battery of tests during the three weeks following @entity5 . Three months after @entity5 , video/EEG monitoring was used to determine which @entity2 had developed @entity7 . To determine whether a biomarker or combination of biomarkers performed better than chance at predicting @entity6 after @entity5 , derived data underwent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. When comparing @entity2 with and without @entity7 and sham controls, the best intergroup discrimination was obtained by combining all measurements, resulting in a ROC area under curve (AUC) of 0.9592 (P<0.01), indicating an almost perfect discrimination or accuracy to predict development of @entity7 . These data indicate that a combinatorial biomarker approach may overcome the challenge of individual variability in the prediction of @entity6 .

title: Novel combinations of phenotypic biomarkers predict development of @entity6 in the @entity8 - @entity9 model of temporal lobe epilepsy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is characterized by cyclic episodes of @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity3 , and occurs in young adults with long-term @entity4 use. The feature of this syndrome is the relief of symptoms with hot showers. We report here six cases report. CASE REPORTS: Three @entity0 and 3 @entity0 , chronic consumers of @entity4 , presented with typical features of the @entity6 , but the syndrome remained undiagnosed until then: @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity3 with @entity5 and loss of weight occurring in adult's of less than 50 years. The symptoms were improved by taking repeated hot showers. The medical investigations were negative. After addictologist care and @entity4 weaning, digestive symptoms disappeared. CONCLUSION: The @entity6 is based on a clinical diagnosis. When undiagnosed, clinical presentation leads to a medical wandering and to the realization of repeated, expensive, and sometimes invasive exams. The physiopathology is not clear. The treatment relies on the definitive @entity4 weaning.

title: [ XXXX : About 6 cases.]

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 are among the major health problems that exist worldwide. They are highly prevalent in the general population and cause significant disturbance of life quality and social functioning of the affected @entity0 . The two major classes of @entity7 are @entity3 and @entity5 . The latter is assumed to be the most frequent @entity1 comorbidity in @entity4 . Studies published during the second half of the 20th century recognized that certain @entity0 with @entity4 present a depressed mood. Synthesized pharmaceuticals have been in use for decades to treat both @entity7 and @entity4 , but despite their efficiency, their use is limited by numerous side effects. On the other hand, animal models have been developed to deeply study potential botanicals which have an effect on @entity7 . Studies to investigate the potential effects of medicinal plants acting on the nervous system and used to treat @entity6 and @entity2 are increasingly growing. However, these studies discuss the two conditions separately without association. In this review, we present animal models of @entity5 and investigative models (methods of assessing @entity5 ) of @entity5 and @entity2 in animals. Other classical test models for prediction of clinical antidepressant activity are presented. Finally, this review also highlights antidepressant activities of herbals focusing specially on @entity5 -like behaviors associated with @entity4 . The pharmacological properties and active principles of cited medicinal plants are emphasized. This review, therefore, provides an overview of the work done on botanicals for @entity7 , potential mechanisms of action of botanicals, and the major compounds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for @entity4 ".

title: Botanicals for XXXX with a focus on @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 are rarely described in the absence of @entity7 . In this report we present a case of @entity6 associated with trichophagia in the absence of @entity7 . A 16-year-old @entity0 presented to surgery outpatient with complaints of @entity1 in @entity4 for the last 6 months. Physical examination revealed a 14 * 16 cm firm, tender, mass with smooth surface, irregular margins, which was mobile with respiration. Ultrasound abdomen revealed a bizarre lesion in the right upper and middle abdomen suggestive of @entity3 . Upper @entity2 did not reveal any abnormality in the esophagus and showed a large mobile mass in the stomach. In view of @entity6 , psychiatry consultation was sought. Exploration of history revealed that the @entity0 was eating hairs and clay since early childhood. As per @entity0 she would eat hairs thrown by others. She would like the taste of hair and had strong persistent desire to eat hair and would go out searching for the same. At times she would also eat clay. However, she denied of pulling her own hairs. Physical examination of scalp and other body parts did not show any evidence of @entity5 or pulling of hair/short hair. She was managed surgically and was counseled about the consequences of eating hairs and clays and was encouraged not to eat hair. To conclude our case suggests that @entity0 can have @entity6 and trichophagia even in the absence of @entity7 .

title: Trichophagia along with @entity6 in the absence of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the initial and long-term results of angioplasty and primary stenting for the treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the subclavian artery (SA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1999 to February 2010, 56 @entity0 (25 @entity0 with a mean age of 58    8 years) underwent endovascular treatment for @entity3 of the SA. Duplex scans and arteriograms confirmed occlusion in all cases. Indications for recanalization were @entity5 in 33 @entity0 (58.1%), @entity4 in 13 @entity0 (23.2%), and @entity1 in 7 @entity0 (12.5%) who had a history of previous coronary artery bypass grafting that included left internal thoracic artery graft. Three @entity0 (5.4%) were treated before the scheduled coronary artery bypass surgery, which included left internal thoracic artery graft. After successful recanalization, all arteries were stented, and all of the @entity0 were followed-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and annually thereafter. RESULTS: Successful recanalization of the SA was achieved in 46 @entity0 (82.1%), and the complication rate was 7.1%. During follow-up (mean 40    26 months; range 2 to 125), the primary patency rates after 1 and 3 years were 97.9% and 82.7%, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 76% of the arteries showed no evidence of @entity2 . Univariate analysis failed to identify any variable predictive of long-term patency of successfully recanalized SA. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting of the complete total occlusion of the SA is a safe and effective procedure associated with low risks and good long-term results.

title: Initial and long-term results of endovascular therapy for XXXX of the subclavian artery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Spermatozoa from @entity0 who underwent @entity1 ( @entity1 ) therapy were prepared free from seminal plasma with the use of @entity1 culture medium supplemented with 8% human serum. Samples were then stored either at room temperature or in a refrigerator, and their motility and ability to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs were assessed every second day. With storage at room temperature, motility declined by less than half over the first 14 days, with some samples still active 20 days after preparation. The ability of the samples to penetrate hamster eggs was unchanged during the first 6 days of storage, and most of the samples still had positive tests after 14 days. Some spermatozoa could still penetrate after 17 days. Room-temperature-stored spermatozoa were still able to fertilize @entity0 oocytes 5 days after preparation. With storage in a refrigerator motility declined rapidly, and few sperm were motile after 14 days. However, these samples penetrated relatively more hamster eggs after 14 days' storage than room-temperature-stored samples did. Spermatozoa stored overnight in a refrigerator had significantly higher hamster egg penetration rates than spermatozoa stored overnight at room temperature. After storage overnight at room temperature, false-positive and false-negative results of hamster egg penetration tests were common in relation to @entity1 outcome; after refrigerated storage, no false-negative results were found.

title: Prolonged storage of XXXX spermatozoa at room temperature or in a refrigerator.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, colposcopically-directed biopsy (CDB), and endocervical curettage (ECC) in preconization detection of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the uterine cervix. @entity0 , whose cervical conization specimens contained @entity3 without any associated invasive lesion at Chiang Mai University Hospital between March 1998 and March 2006, were reviewed. During the study period, fifty-one @entity0 who matched the study inclusion were identified. @entity1 was detected by Pap smears in 22 @entity0 (43.1%). Among 29 @entity0 with @entity2 on Pap smears, 9 additional glandular abnormalities were detected on CDB and/or ECC. In @entity1 was suspected in 31 @entity0 (60.8%) preoperatively. According to the histological type of @entity3 , @entity1 suspected from preoperative evaluation was noted in 20 @entity0 (70.4%) who had pure @entity3 . Among @entity0 with mixed @entity3 / @entity2 , only 12 @entity0 (50.0%) had preoperative evaluation suggesting @entity1 . These data demonstrate that the sensitivity of combining Pap smear, CDB and/or ECC in detecting glandular lesions before conization containing @entity3 appears to be suboptimal. Further study concerning the improvement of detecting @entity3 before conization is warranted to select the most appropriate diagnostic conization method for such lesions.

title: Can XXXX be predicted before cervical conization?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the usefulness of the @entity4 time (ST) test for evaluating the mucociliary function of the maxillary sinus after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN:                 <AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">This study was conducted on 88 maxillary sinuses of 74 @entity0 after ESS. The maxillary sinus fontanel was broadly opened via the middle meatus using an endoscope, and a @entity4 granule was adhered to the bottom of the maxillary sinus mucosa The time until the @entity0 recognized the sweet taste was recorded. Before the ST test, the bilateral maxillary sinuses were classified into the following four groups on the basis of the post-ESS severity of @entity1 and @entity1 as revealed by endoscopic observation: normal (45 sinuses), mild @entity1 and @entity1 (24), moderate mucosal finding (14), and severe mucosal finding or filling of the sinus with a polyp(s) (5). RESULTS: The mean ST values in the normal group and the groups with mild, moderate, and severe @entity1 and @entity1 were 35.7, 38.1, 63.6, and 88.0 minutes, respectively. Thus the ST increased with the post-ESS severity of the @entity3 . However, for the group with mild @entity1 and @entity1 , scanning electron microscopic observation of three maxillary sinuses in which the ST exceeded 120 minutes and four sinuses in which the ST was 40 minutes revealed extensive cilia loss in the former sinuses, but not in the latter. A second post-ESS endoscopic observation was performed in 17 @entity0 , revealing improvement in 11 sinuses, no change in 5 sinuses, and aggravation in 1 sinus (compared with the initial test). The ST test was also repeated, revealing that the ST became shorter in most of the endoscopically improved sinus group. However, a few sinuses showed a discrepancy between the change in the endoscopic findings and the ciliary function (ST). CONCLUSION: Measurement of the maxillary sinus ST is a simple, accurate, and useful technique for assessing the post-ESS mucociliary function in conjunction with endoscopy, and the information gained can help in deciding subsequent therapy.

title: XXXX test of maxillary sinus mucociliary function after endoscopic sinus surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Tissue pieces of @entity0 fetal lung, 23 days gestation, were cultured for 7 days in serum-free medium to obtain lamellar body material for phospholipid analysis. Cultures were maintained in culture medium without serum and (1) with no added hormones (control cultures), (2) with @entity3 (1 x 10(-7) M), (3) with @entity1 (1 x 10(-7) M) and (4) with @entity3 plus @entity1 (1 x 10(-7) M each). The hormonal response was evaluated by measuring the quantity of lamellar body material isolated from the tissue pieces after the 7-day culture period. Compared to control cultures, more lamellar body material was recovered from cultures treated with @entity1 (180% of control) and with @entity3 plus @entity1 (250% of control). Cultures treated with @entity3 alone yielded the same amount of lamellar body material as the controls. Hormone treatment produced only minor changes in the glycerophospholipid profile of the lamellar body material. A small but significant increase in the percentage of @entity5 and a small but significant decrease in @entity6 were found in lamellar body material from cultures treated with @entity3 and @entity3 plus @entity1 . The disaturated @entity4 content of the lamellar body material from culture was 28% of the total lamellar body phospholipid and was not affected by hormone treatment. This disaturated @entity4 content was low compared to the disaturated @entity4 of lamellar body material from adult lung (46%). The low proportion of disaturated @entity4 was due to the unusual presence of @entity7 (16:1(cis-9)), which was more than one-fourth of the total @entity2 of the lamellar body @entity4 . It is possible that an abnormal delta 9 @entity2 desaturation activity was expressed in the lung tissue in vitro, which resulted in the high incorporation of the 16:1 @entity2 into lamellar body @entity4 .

title: The phospholipids of lamellar body material from fetal @entity0 lung tissue in culture. Unusual @entity4 XXXX profile.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-three @entity0 with @entity4 were studied. They were grouped according to their clinical response and changes in @entity4 globulin in the serum or urine while under chemotherapy. Sixteen responded favorably with clinical improvement and marked reduction in the respective M-globulins. Four did not respond and showed progression of disease, and three had short-lived clinical response with essentially unchanged @entity4 -globulin values. @entity0 with @entity2 showed simultaneous improvement of @entity5 and M-globulins in response to chemotherapy. Three @entity0 had solitary plasmacytomas when first seen, and dissemination occurred later in one. Combination of alkylating agents with @entity3 appeared to give faster, longer-lasting and more satisfactory clinical remissions, although the bone marrow may remain essentially unchanged. Radiation therapy was the most effective agent against @entity1 (without altering the M-globulin) when used alone. Twenty-two of the 23 @entity0 already had a significant decrease in IgM at the time @entity4 was diagnosed. A diminution in IgM can be considered of diagnostic significance although the mechanism for this reduction is not known. It has been felt to involve a feed-back mechanism, where one immunoglobulin elevation results in a subsequent diminution in the other immunoglobulins.

title: XXXX . Clinical correlation of immunoglobulin changes with therapy. A report of 23 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of blunt @entity1 is predominantly nonoperative. However, complications occur in 10% to 25% of @entity0 , with half taking place more than 24 hours after injury. Few reports have addressed the management of the new pattern of these delayed complications, which is the objective of this study. METHODS: Adult @entity0 admitted to our level one @entity2 center from 1995 to 2000 with blunt @entity1 were identified. Demographic, physiologic and laboratory data, computed tomography (CT) and operative findings, and complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Blunt @entity1 was identified in 192 @entity0 . Thirty-nine @entity0 (20%) underwent immediate celiotomy. The remaining 153 @entity0 were initially managed nonoperatively. Liver-related complications developed in 19 (12%) @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 underwent delayed celiotomy to treat secondary inflammatory processes, from @entity5 (6), @entity4 (5), and @entity1 (1), and to treat @entity6 (2), and decompress @entity1 (1). Although no @entity3 or complications were directly caused by delayed celiotomy, 2 @entity3 (11%), occurring early in this series, were attributed to liver-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: These complications, occurring in 12% of @entity0 with @entity1 , may be a consequence of initial nonoperative management. Although these findings do not negate nonoperative management of blunt @entity1 , this approach can be hazardous and requires diligence to recognize and treat delayed and potentially fatal complications.

title: Delayed celiotomy for the treatment of XXXX , compartment syndrome, and other hazards of nonoperative management of blunt @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our group previously published data showing that @entity1 could be stratified by constructed molecular subtype with respect to locoregional recurrence (LRR)-free survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast-conserving therapy (BCT). That study predated use of trastuzumab for @entity1 @entity2 ( @entity2 )-positive @entity1 . The current study was undertaken to determine the impact of subtype and response to therapy in a contemporary cohort. METHODS: Clinicopathologic data from 751 @entity0 @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (with trastuzumab if @entity2 (+)) and BCT from 2005 to 2012 were identified. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 status were used to construct molecular subtypes: @entity3 (+)/ @entity2 (-) (n  =  369), @entity3 (+)/ @entity2 (+) (n  =  105), @entity3 (-)/ @entity2 (+) (n  =  58), and @entity3 (-)/ @entity2 (-) (n  =  219). Actuarial rates of LRR were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with LRR. RESULTS: The pathologic complete response (pCR) rates by subtype were as follows: 16.5  % ( @entity3 (+)/ @entity2 (-)), 45.7  % ( @entity3 (+)/ @entity2 (+)), 72.4  % ( @entity3 (-)/ @entity2 (+)), and 42.0  % ( @entity3 (-)/ @entity2 (-)) (P  <  0.001). Median follow-up was 4.6  years. The 5-year LRR-free survival rate for all @entity1 was 95.4  %. Five-year LRR-free survival rates by subtype were 97.2  % ( @entity3 (+)/ @entity2 (-)), 96.1  % ( @entity3 (+)/ @entity2 (+)), 94.4  % ( @entity3 (-)/ @entity2 (+)), and 93.4  % ( @entity3 (-)/ @entity2 (-)) (P  =  0.44). For @entity1 with @entity3 (-)/ @entity2 (+) disease, the LRR-free survival rates were 97.4 and 86.7  % for those who did and those who did not experience pCR, respectively. For @entity1 with @entity3 (-)/ @entity2 (-) disease, the LRR-free survival rates were 98.6  % (pCR) versus 89.9  % (no pCR). On multivariate analysis, the @entity3 (-)/ @entity2 (-) subtype, clinical stage III disease, and failure to experience a pCR were associated with LRR. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing BCT after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have excellent rates of 5-year LRR-free survival that are affected by molecular subtype and by response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Locoregional Control According to XXXX Subtype and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in @entity0 @entity1 Undergoing Breast-conserving Therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A prospective, randomized trial was performed to evaluate the long-term outcome and @entity0 satisfaction of laparoscopic complete 360 degrees fundoplication compared with partial posterior 270 degrees fundoplication. Partial fundoplication is purported to have fewer side effects with a higher failure rate in controlling @entity1 ( @entity1 ), while complete fundoplication is thought to result in more @entity2 and gas-related symptoms. METHODS: @entity0 were randomized to either laparoscopic Nissen (LN) or laparoscopic Toupet (LT) fundoplication. Esophageal manometry, 24-h pH studies, a detailed questionnaire, and a visual analog symptom (VAS) score were completed before and after surgery. A final global outcome questionnaire was performed. Failure was defined as recurrent @entity1 requiring revision surgery, maintenance proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, or surgery for postoperative @entity2 . RESULTS: One hundred @entity0 were randomized to LN (50) or LT (50). There were no differences between LN and LT with respect to postoperative symptoms and physiological variables except a higher wrap pressure in the LN group (15.2 vs. 12.0 mmHg). Dysmotility improved in 8/14 (57%) and 6/11 (54%) @entity0 in the LN group and the LT group, respectively, after surgery. There was no correlation between @entity3 and @entity2 both pre- and post surgery in the two groups. Recurrent symptoms of @entity1 occurred in 8/47 (17.0%) and 8/48 (16.6%) in the LN group and the LT group, respectively. Outcome of @entity0 with @entity3 was similar to those with normal motility in both groups. At final follow-up (59.76 + or - 24.23 months), in the LN group, 33/37 (89.1%) would recommend surgery to others, 32/37 (86.4%) would have repeat surgery, and 34/37 (91.8%) felt they were better off than before surgery. The corresponding numbers for the LT group (follow-up = 55.18 + or - 25.97 months) were 35/36 (97.2%), 30/36 (83.3%), and 33/36 (91.6%). CONCLUSION: LN and LT are equally effective in restoring the lower esophageal sphincter function and provide similar long-term control of @entity1 with no difference in @entity2 . @entity3 had no influence on the outcome of either operation.

title: Long-term outcome of laparoscopic Nissen and laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication for XXXX : a prospective, randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 (collodion baby) is a cornification disorder classified under the category of @entity1 and characterized by @entity4 . Early-stage retinoid treatment has been shown to improve survival in these @entity0 . In this article, a @entity7 case is presented of an @entity0 who had the symptoms at birth and was treated successfully with @entity6 . CASE PRESENTATION: A term newborn @entity0 presented after delivery. Physical examination showed that the skin on her @entity3 , neck, axillae, and inguinal fold areas had collodion membranes and peelings. On the third day of life, the skin all over her body became dry and seemed similar to parchment paper, with peeling in some areas, as well as ectropion and eclabium development. After her daily bath, liquid Vaseline was applied all over her body, but it did not provide enough benefits. The @entity0 was started on @entity6 treatment. On the 14(th) day of treatment, the skin appeared nearly normal. On the 28(th) day of life, the @entity0 was discharged. CONCLUSIONS: Early oral @entity2 treatment facilitates increased quality of life improves survival rates for @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Congenital Ichthyosis: A Case Treated Successfully With XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a 13-year-old female @entity0 followed since birth for multiple rare @entity2 , including @entity4 , @entity6 , and severe dilatation of the ascending aorta. METHODS: Comprehensive phenotype assessment throughout childhood included repeated echocardiographic measurements, evaluation of renal function, and immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsy samples. Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the @entity0 and both unaffected parents. RESULTS: We identified a novel de novo mutation in the transcription factor @entity7 ( @entity5 :p.Gln161*) in the @entity0 , which was absent in all unaffected family members. Echocardiography revealed early onset and progressive dilatation of the ascending aorta. Skin biopsy results confirmed the defects of the blood vasculature in the presence of intact lymphatic vessels. Assessment of renal function did not show any signs of @entity1 or @entity3 in the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The genetic finding of a pathogenic @entity7 mutation enabled the diagnosis of the rare @entity4 - @entity6 in our @entity0 . The identification of a novel stop gain mutation in the @entity7 gene in association with dilatation of the aorta highlights the importance of this gene during the development of the circulatory system. Our study highlights the importance of whole-exome sequencing in the rapid identification of genes and gene mutations involved in rare conditions and thus expanding the knowledge and spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with them.

title: Aortic Dilatation Associated With a De Novo Mutation in  the  @entity7 Gene: Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of  @entity4 - XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: For a better understanding of the formal pathogenesis of @entity2 , the @entity1 was investigated three dimensionally. The histological reconstruction method, using serial histological sections, was adopted for the three-dimensional observation. Histology of the case showed @entity3 with occasional fibrous bridging of the portal to portal tract or hepatic vein. Graphic reconstructions revealed various degrees of altered angioarchitecture from place to place. While the conducting portion of the portal vein was almost preserved, the pathological changes mostly began at the parenchymal portion, especially second step or subsequent branches of the portal vein. In general, portal vein branches showed damage such as stenoses, disappearance, an increase and decrease in number and distorted spatial arrangements. Even in less damaged portal tracts, portal veins showed such changes to some extent. In severely damaged places with bridging @entity0 , a normal lobular angioarchitecture was completely lost; instead, portal veins, arteries and hepatic veins were tangled with each other. Parenchymal nutrition was suggested to be dependent on the remaining third-step portal branches or newly formed ones. However, the hepatic vein system had a tendency to be preserved and distributed fluently in the parenchyma. The distortion of these portal vessels indicated various degrees of loss of the lobular architecture. In conclusion, it is suggested that an early histological sign of @entity0 develops in the course of @entity3 .

title: Three-dimensional observations on the alterations of lobular architecture in XXXX with special reference to its angioarchitecture for a better understanding of the formal pathogenesis of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 are common and distressing. The only treatment of proven effectiveness is @entity4 , but this has a number of side effects. @entity3 salts have been shown to reduce leg cramp distress in pregnancy. This study tests whether @entity5 is effective in the treatment of leg cramps in non-pregnant individuals by conducting in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over placebo-controlled trial. MATERIAL/METHODS: Volunteers suffering regular leg cramps were recruited. @entity5 equivalent to 300 mg @entity3 and matching placebo were given for 6 weeks each. The number of cramps recorded in the cramp diary during the final 4 weeks of @entity3 and placebo treatment, severity and duration of cramps and the @entity0 ' subjective assessment of effectiveness were analysed. RESULTS: In subjects who started with placebo (n=29) the median (95% CI) number of cramps was 9 (6-17) on placebo and 5 (4-8) on @entity3 . For the group starting with @entity3 (n=17) the median no of cramps was 9 (5-13) on @entity3 and 8 (4-14) on placebo. There was no significant carry-over effect (p=0.88), but a highly significant period effect (p=0.008). There was a trend towards less cramps on @entity3 (p=0.07). There was no difference in cramp severity and duration between the groups. Significantly more subjects thought that the treatment had helped after @entity3 than after placebo 36 (78%) and 25 (54%) respectively, (p=0.03). @entity1 was recorded as a side effect of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity3 may be effective in treatment of @entity2 . Further evaluation is recommended.

title: Randomised, cross-over, placebo controlled trial of XXXX in the treatment of chronic persistent leg cramps.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Porcine astroviruses (PoAstVs) are ubiquitous enteric virus of @entity4 that are distributed in several countries throughout the world. Since PoAstVs are detected in apparent healthy @entity4 , the clinical significance of @entity2 is unknown. However, AstVs have recently been associated with a severe @entity1 in animals, including @entity0 , and zoonotic potential has been suggested. To date, little is known about the epidemiology of PoAstVs among the @entity4 population in Japan. In this report, we present an analysis of nearly complete genomes of 36 PoAstVs detected by a metagenomics approach in the feces of Japanese @entity4 . Based on a phylogenetic analysis and pairwise sequence comparison, 10, 5, 15, and 6 sequences were classified as @entity5 , @entity5 , @entity5 , and @entity5 , respectively. @entity3 with two or three strains was found in individual fecal samples from eight @entity4 . The phylogenetic trees of @entity6 , ORF1b, and @entity7 of @entity5 and @entity5 showed differences in their topologies. The @entity5 and @entity5 strains shared high sequence identities within each genotype in all ORFs; however, one @entity5 and one @entity5 showed considerable sequence divergence from the other @entity5 and @entity5 strains, respectively, in @entity7 . Recombination analysis using whole genomes revealed evidence of multiple possible intra-genotype recombination events in @entity5 and @entity5 , suggesting that recombination might have contributed to the genetic diversity and played an important role in the evolution of Japanese PoAstVs.

title: Whole genome analysis of porcine astroviruses detected in Japanese XXXX reveals genetic diversity and possible intra-genotypic recombination.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospital complications can pose a threat to @entity0 , contribute to higher mortality and morbidity, and increase both the average length of hospital stay (LOS) and the use of other resources. The purpose of this study is to express the relationship between complications and the use of hospital resources in financial parameters. METHODS: All @entity1 @entity0 admitted to the surgical ward in the period 2000 to 2008 were analyzed (n = 4,377). All activities registered during admission were obtained. The integral in-hospital cost prices of each activity were divided into various product groups. Median and interquartile ranges were presented for the number of activities in the product groups, stratified by age and Injury Severity Score. The relationship between both institutional- and @entity2 and the number of activities in the different product groups was tested with linear regression analysis with adjustment for confounding. RESULTS: Significant associations between @entity2 and LOS, therapeutic paramedical products, diagnostic radiologic products, other diagnostic products, diagnostic laboratory products, therapeutic surgical procedures, other therapeutic products, and total costs (b = 5,420; 95% confidence interval, 4,912-5,929) were found. Significant associations between institutional-related complications and LOS, therapeutic paramedical products, diagnostic radiologic products, therapeutic surgical procedures, and other therapeutic products were found. Total costs (b = 170; 95% confidence interval, -760 to 1,099) showed a nonsignificant association with institutional-related complications. CONCLUSION: Complications increase hospital costs, and even a small reduction in the number of complications will result in a substantial hospital cost savings and a reduction in the emotional and physical burdens of @entity0 .

title: Increased consumption of hospital resources due to complications: an assessment of costs in a level I XXXX center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of @entity5 -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with that of @entity3 -based CCRT in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: The medical records of @entity0 with @entity1 who had undergone CCRT between 2003 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 129 @entity0 were treated postoperatively with CCRT (n  =  52) or primary CCRT (n  =  77). A total of 29 @entity0 were treated with @entity5 -based postoperative CCRT and 23 @entity0 were treated with @entity3 -based postoperative CCRT. A total of 28 @entity0 were treated with @entity5 -based postoperative CCRT, and 49 @entity0 were treated with @entity3 -based postoperative CCRT. Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were compared between the treatment groups. RESULTS: With postoperative CCRT, there were no significant differences in recurrence rate (P  =  1.0000), PFS (log-rank: P  =  0.8503), and @entity4 (log-rank: P  =  0.8926) between the two treatment groups. With primary CCRT, there were no significant differences in PFS (log-rank: P  =  0.7845) and @entity4 (log-rank: P  =  0.3659). The frequency of acute @entity2 was not significantly different between the @entity3 -based postoperative CCRT group and the @entity5 -based postoperative CCRT group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 -based postoperative CCRT is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for both early-stage and advanced-stage @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Clinical efficacy of XXXX -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy for uterine @entity1 : a Tohoku @entity1 Unit Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopist-Directed Nurse-Administered @entity7 Sedation (EDNAPS) has been evaluated in community settings rather than tertiary referral centers. @entity0 AND METHODS: A hospital-wide prospectively collected database of Medical Emergency Team Calls (METCALL), emergency responses triggered by medically unstable @entity0 , was reviewed. Responses that followed EDNAPS were extracted and compared with a prospectively entered database of all endoscopies performed using EDNAPS over the same period. RESULTS: A total of 33,539 endoscopic procedures (16,393 gastroscopies, 17,146 colonoscopies) were performed on 27,989 @entity0 using EDNAPS. Intravenous drugs included @entity6 (0-5mg), @entity9 (0-100mcg), and @entity7 (10-420mg). Of 23 METCALLs (18 gastroscopies and 5 colonoscopies), there were 16 with ASA scores of III or higher. Indications for gastroscopy were gastrointestinal (GI) @entity2 (n=11; 8 variceal, 3 nonvariceal), @entity5 (n=5), @entity4 removal (n=1), and @entity8 (n=1). Fifteen of 22 @entity0 , including all of those who had a colonoscopy, made a full recovery and returned to the ward or were discharged home. In the gastroscopy group, seven were intubated and admitted to Intensive Care, of whom six were emergency cases for @entity1 (n=4 variceal, n=2 non variceal) and one in which the indication was @entity4 removal. Two deaths occurred in the intubated group. CONCLUSIONS: In a tertiary referral center, EDNAPS for low-to-moderate risk (ASA  <=2) @entity0 undergoing gastroscopy and colonoscopy is very safe. Gastroscopy is associated with greater anesthetic risk than colonoscopy and those with high ASA scores needing urgent endoscopy for @entity1 are at particular risk of @entity3 .

title: Morbidity and mortality of endoscopist-directed nurse-administered XXXX sedation (EDNAPS) in a tertiary referral center.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 shocks are potentially associated with @entity2 , altered hemodynamics, apoptosis and inflammatory signaling. Their precise cellular impact can be explored after defibrillation testing (DFT) via biomarkers. We evaluated changes in biomarkers after @entity4 shocks during DFT. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled outpatients presenting for first implantation of a cardiac device. Biomarkers indicative of @entity2 , @entity1 and apoptosis were measured before and after implantation, and compared between @entity0 receiving DFT (DFT+) to those not (DFT-). RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity0 were enrolled, 40 in the DFT+ group and 23 in the DFT- group. Average levels of troponin I, hsCRP, @entity3 , NTproBNP, and sFas increased by >50% after cardiac device implantation compared to baseline. Increase in troponin never exceeded 50 fold upper limit of normal (2ng/mL). Troponin trended higher in the DFT+ group at 8 hours (median 0.18 ng/mL, IQR 0.11-0.48) versus the DFT- group (0.10 ng/mL, IQR 0.06-0.28, P = 0.0501); NTproBNP had a similar trend (p = 0.0581). sFas significantly increased in the DFT+ group from baseline (median 4663 pg/mL, IQR 2908-5679) to 24 hours (5039 pg/mL, IQR 3274-6261;p = 0.0338) but not in the DFT- group (p = 0.4705). CONCLUSION: DFT testing is associated with acutely increased plasma levels of troponin and sFas, a biomarker of apoptosis, along with a trend towards higher NTproBNP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Acute Effects of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shocks on Biomarkers of XXXX , Apoptosis, Heart Failure, and @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity0 was a 34-year-old male with chronic @entity3 with such acute onset as seen in @entity4 . @entity1 were gradually progressive for 4 weeks, and predominantly noted in the left side. Deep reflexes were normal and the distribution of @entity2 was uneven. Plasma exchange reduced @entity1 . Four weeks later, right drop foot was relapsed. High dose intravenous immunoglobulin was effective. Serial electrophysiological studies indicated the asymmetric reduction of @entity5 . Repeated assays of anti- @entity6 -GD1a IgM antibody were positive. This is the first report of chronic @entity3 as multiple mononeuritric type associated with anti- @entity6 -GD1a IgM antibody. This case adds to our knowledge better understanding of the pathogenetic role of anti- @entity6 -GD1a IgM antibody in @entity1 .

title: [A case of chronic @entity3 associated with anti- XXXX -GD1a-IgM antibody].

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 301 Background: PFS6 was identified to be a robust intermediate endpoint in the setting of second-line therapy for advanced @entity2 (Sonpavde, ESMO Congress, 2012) We studied the impact of second-line prognostic factors (Sonpavde, ESMO Congress 2012) (liver metastasis [LM], @entity4 [Hb<10 g/dl], ECOG-performance status [PS] >= 1, @entity5 [ @entity5 ]) on PFS6 and response rate (RR) to enable comparison of outcomes across phase II trials. METHODS: Twelve phase II trials evaluating second-line chemotherapy and/or biologics (n=748) in @entity0 with progressive disease were pooled. PFS was defined as @entity1 progression or @entity3 from any cause. PFS6 was defined from the date of registration and calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Data regarding progression, Hb, LM, PS and @entity5 were available in 570 @entity0 , who were considered evaluable. The mean age was 65.1 years, 45.3% had ECOG-PS >= 1, 30.2% had LM, 14.6% had @entity4 and @entity5 was <6 months (mo) in 60.2%. The overall median PFS was 2.7 mo, PFS6 was 22.2% (95% CI: 18.8-25.9) and RR was 17.5% (95% CI: 14.5%-20.9%). PFS6 and RR varied significantly according to risk group (Table). For every unit increase in risk group, the hazard of progression in 6 mo increased by 41% and the odds of response decreased by 48%. CONCLUSIONS: PFS6 and RR vary as a function of prognostic factors in @entity0 receiving second-line therapy for advanced @entity2 . These data facilitate comparison of outcomes across phase II trials enrolling heterogeneous populations. [Table: see text].

title: Impact of baseline prognostic factors on progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6) and response in @entity0 receiving second-line therapy for advanced @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous results have demonstrated addition of long-acting @entity5 -adrenergic agonists to be beneficial in @entity3 @entity0 already receiving inhaled @entity2 . The purpose of this study was to determine, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, the @entity1 -sparing properties of @entity7 in stable @entity3 @entity0 receiving maintenance inhaled corticosteroids (800-1600 microg day(-1)). In these @entity0 , the daily dose of @entity6 was reduced by 200 microg each week until @entity3 deteriorated, with the minimal acceptable dose (MAD) being defined as the dose one step above deterioration (sensitivity period). Following this, @entity0 received three times the MAD for 2 weeks. @entity0 were randomized to receive either @entity7 50 microg twice daily or placebo and the MAD was again determined (treatment period). Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was measured each week. Morning and evening peak expiratory flow (PEF), symptom score and use of bronchodilator were recorded each day. Fifteen @entity0 received @entity7 and 19 placebo. The MAD was significantly lower in the @entity7 group compared with placebo during the treatment period (P<0.01). A 50% reduction of the MAD was achieved by more @entity0 treated with @entity7 than placebo (P = 0.001). @entity7 caused a significantly greater reduction in daytime symptom score and use of as-needed @entity5 -agoinist therapy between sensitivity and treatment periods compared with placebo (P<0.05 for both). The results demonstrate, that the addition of @entity7 to @entity2 treatment offers a clinically relevant potential for reduction of inhaled @entity2 dose in @entity1 sensitive @entity4 .

title: XXXX reduces the need for inhaled @entity2 in @entity1 -dependent @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Mussel samples from four locations along the Norweigian coast were extracted by methods for diarrheic shellfish toxins (DST) and tested by chemical and biological methods, including histopathology. All samples had previously been found to be highly toxic in @entity1 , with symptoms indicating the presence of @entity4 in the @entity1 bioassay. Chemical analysis revealed that the DST @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were present each one in one sample, but only a minor part of the total @entity2 could be attributed to these toxions. In the other two samples, @entity3 and DTX1 were absent. Incubation of the mussel extracts from all four samples with freshly prepared hepatocytes indicated the presence of unknown toxin(s) which may not be classified within the DST complex. Purified mussel samples were given to baby @entity1 both via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections and by oral intubation. @entity2 was about 25-50 times lower than @entity2 obtained by i.p. injections, a result in accordance with acute toxic properties of many toxins. Risk assessment of the unknown toxin(s) requires chemical identification, but the preliminary results obtained indicate a large margin of safety, based on the large amounts of mussel extracts necessary to yield toxic effects in the intestine and liver in experimental animals upon oral exposure versus @entity0 intake.

title: @entity2 in XXXX of algal toxins from the diarrheic shellfish toxin (DST) complex and associated toxins.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In @entity0 the global (gCBF) as well as the regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity5 ) and blood pressure were measured before, during, and after noxious inward and outward rotations of normal and inflamed @entity2 . The animals were anesthetized with @entity1 and immobilized by @entity4 . The gCBF as well as the @entity5 were measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with a camera specifically designed for use in small animals. Slow intravenous bolus injections of @entity3 -labeled water were followed by 3-min acquisition of regional radioactivity starting at the time of injection. In all experiments the gCBF as well as the blood pressure were increased by noxious inward-outward rotations of the normal and of the inflamed joint, whereas the blood pressure and the @entity5 remained unchanged during bolus injections under control conditions (without any joint movement). Movements of the inflamed joint evoked significantly greater increases in blood pressure and gCBF than corresponding ones of the normal joint. These increases in gCBF were paralleled by increases in @entity5 along the complete anterior to posterior axis of the brain. Again, the increases in @entity5 were larger, more extensive and more uniform following the stimulation of the inflamed joint relative to the results obtained with stimulation of the normal joint. No significant laterality was seen, but when an atlas-based region of interest (ROI) analysis was carried out and when the individual variations in @entity5 were removed with two-way ANOVA, significant differences were disclosed in @entity5 between the stimulated condition and the resting condition in a large number of brain regions. In particular, noxious rotation of the normal (right) elbow joint induced a significant increase in @entity5 over the cerebral cortex and in the right thalamus and hippocampus. The same stimulation of the (left) inflamed joint induced a significant increase in @entity5 throughout the brain; the biggest increase being over the right posterior cortex. It is concluded that under the conditions of the present experiments the generally accepted autoregulation of the cerebral blood flow is not fully functioning, and various factors that may be responsible for this failure (which obscures @entity5 differences) are discussed. The more pronounced increases in @entity5 when moving inflamed joints instead of normal ones is thought to be a direct consequence of the peripheral sensitization of the articular nociceptors and the consequent central hyperexcitability induced in the articular nociceptive pathways.

title: Positron emission tomography reveals changes in global and regional cerebral blood flow during noxious stimulation of normal and inflamed @entity2 in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity1 and multivessel disease, @entity4 bypass graft surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention are treatment options. However, there is paucity of data comparing @entity4 bypass graft surgery against newer generation stents. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity0 included in the New York State registries who had @entity1 and underwent isolated @entity4 bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention with @entity6 eluting stent (EES) for multivessel disease were included. Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity2 , and repeat revascularization. Short-term (within 30 days) and long-term outcomes were evaluated. Among 16   089 @entity0 with @entity1 and multivessel disease, 8096 @entity0 with similar propensity scores were included. At short-term, EES was associated with a lower risk of @entity3 (hazard ratio [HR] =0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.98; P=0.04) and @entity2 (HR=0.14; 95% CI, 0.06-0.30; P<0.0001) but higher risk of @entity5 (HR=2.44; 95% CI, 1.13-5.31; P=0.02). At long-term, EES was associated with a similar risk of @entity3 (425 [10.50%] versus 414 [10.23%] events; HR=1.12; 95% CI, 0.96-1.30; P=0.16), a lower risk of @entity2 (118 [2.92%] versus 157 [3.88%] events; HR=0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.99; P=0.04) but a higher risk of @entity5 (260 [6.42%] versus 166 [4.10%] events; HR=1.64; 95% CI, 1.32-2.04; P<0.0001) and repeat revascularization (889 [21.96%] versus 421 [10.40%] events; HR=2.42; 95% CI, 2.12-2.76; P<0.0001). The higher risk of @entity5 was not seen in the subgroup of EES @entity0 who underwent complete revascularization (HR=1.37; 95% CI, 0.76-2.47; P=0.30). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 and multivessel disease, EES was associated with lower upfront risk of @entity3 and @entity2 when compared with @entity4 bypass graft surgery. However, at long-term, EES was associated with similar risk of @entity3 , a higher risk of @entity5 (in those with incomplete revascularization), and repeat revascularization but a lower risk of @entity2 .

title: @entity6 Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery for XXXX With @entity1 and Multivessel Disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present study was intended to gain additional information on the growth regulation of prostate by @entity5 (SRIF) and the intracellular events involved. The @entity0 @entity1 cell lines @entity7 and LNCaP produce SRIF and express subtypes 2 and 5 of SRIF receptors. The secretion of SRIF is related to the proliferative status of these cells; an inverse relationship exists between cell proliferation and the amount of secreted SRIF. Moreover, the growth of @entity7 cells is inhibited by SRIF overexpression and increased by blockage of endogenous SRIF. Coincident with the increase in SRIF secretion, the activity and levels of the SH2 domain containing protein @entity3 phosphatase ( @entity9 , present in @entity7 cells are augmented, but the effect can be partially prevented by neutralization of secreted endogenously SRIF. The activity of @entity9 is also stimulated by the SRIF analog @entity8 . Overexpression of @entity9 induces inhibition of @entity7 cell growth. @entity9 is also present in normal prostate, @entity4 , @entity6 , and well differentiated @entity2 . In contrast, no signal is detected in poorly differentiated @entity1 . These findings demonstrate that SRIF inhibits @entity7 and LNCaP cell proliferation through an autocrine/paracrine SRIF loop. This effect could be mediated by activation of the @entity3 phosphatase @entity9 detected in these cells as well as in @entity0 prostate and @entity1 .

title: Autocrine regulation of @entity0 XXXX cell proliferation by @entity5 through the modulation of the SH2 domain containing protein @entity3 phosphatase ( @entity9 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is quite common that @entity0 suffering from @entity1 only visit a doctor when the symptoms have already reached an advanced stage. This is often due to a fear of @entity3 or a dread of exhausting diagnostic procedures and exposure of personal details; however, an early diagnosis and therapy increases the chance of preserving the quality of life for a longer period of time. OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of a risk assessment for @entity3 by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with respect to the acceptance and value by @entity0 . METHODS: In this prospective preventive study 106 subjects between the age of 39 and 89 years (median age 68 years) with general risk factors were included and underwent a risk assessment for @entity3 by standard MRI of the brain using a 1  T open MRI with subsequent hippocampal volumetry. @entity0 were stratified into two distinct subgroups according to the individual hippocampal @entity2 status, one with elevated and the other with reduced risk. All @entity0 were thoroughly interviewed regarding anxieties and mental well-being before and after the risk assessment. RESULTS: As expected, @entity0 with a reduced risk had a significant improvement in well-being and a reduction of fears and worries after the examination. Neither a significant deterioration of the mental situation nor an increase of fears and worries was found for @entity0 with an elevated risk. Of the @entity0 90   % stated that MRI-based risk stratification generated positive perspectives for the future. The assessment revealed a high acceptance by most of the @entity0 (94   %). CONCLUSION: An MRI-based risk assessment is beneficial to the @entity0 's quality of life and as a low threshold approach may induce more individuals with concerns to take advantage of an early diagnosis of @entity3 .

title: [Value and acceptance of risk assessment for XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The main constraints on the administration of @entity2 are the risks of nephrotoxicity and @entity5 , which can lead to acute, renal, vestibular, and @entity5 . In the present study we focused on nephrotoxicity. No reliable predictor of nephrotoxicity has been found to date. We have developed a deterministic model which describes the pharmacokinetic behavior of @entity2 (with a two-compartment model), the kinetics of @entity6 accumulation in the renal cortex, the effects of @entity2 on renal cells, the resulting effects on renal function by tubuloglomerular feedback, and the resulting effects on serum @entity4 concentrations. The pharmacokinetic parameter values were estimated by use of the NPEM program. The estimated pharmacodynamic parameter values were obtained after minimization of the least-squares objective function between the measured and the calculated serum @entity4 concentrations. A simulation program assessed the influences of the dosage regimens on the occurrence of nephrotoxicity. We have also demonstrated the relevancy of modeling of the circadian rhythm of the renal function. We have shown the ability of the model to fit with 49 observed serum @entity4 concentrations for a group of eight @entity0 treated for @entity3 by comparison with 49 calculated serum @entity4 concentrations (r(2) = 0.988; P < 0.001). We have found that for the same daily dose, the nephrotoxicity observed with a thrice-daily administration schedule appears more rapidly, induces a greater decrease in renal function, and is more prolonged than those that occur with less frequent administration schedules (for example, once-daily administration). Moreover, for once-daily administration, we have demonstrated that the time of day of administration can influence the incidence of @entity6 nephrotoxicity. The lowest level of nephrotoxicity was observed when @entity2 were administered at 1:30 p.m. Clinical application of this model might make it possible to adjust @entity6 dosage regimens by taking into account both the efficacies and @entity1 of the drugs.

title: XXXX nephrotoxicity: modeling, simulation, and control.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has the propensity to fail at loco-regional (LR) and distant sites despite aggressive radical surgery. Adjuvant therapy in the form of radiotherapy (RT), systemic @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and chemoradiation (CRT) is the usual practice. Due to rarity of this disease, there is limited evidence to suggest the type of adjuvant treatment which should be offered to the @entity0 . AIM: The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of adjuvant treatment on curatively resected @entity4 @entity0 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Histological proven @entity0 of @entity4 registered between June, 2008 and July, 2014 were identified from our hospital database and retrospective analysis was done. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 of @entity4 who had curative resection followed by adjuvant treatment as RT alone, @entity6 alone or CRT were included in the study. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Adverse prognostic factors and the effect of adjuvant treatment on overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were evaluated using Cox Regression Method and Kaplan Meier plot. RESULTS: We identified 33 @entity0 of which 23 were @entity2 (Early disease) and the remaining 10 were @entity1 ( @entity5 ). All except one @entity0 had @entity3 . A total of 5 @entity0 were treated with RT alone while 16 @entity0 received @entity6 alone. The remaining 12 @entity0 were treated with CRT. Median follow-up period was 8.5 months. At analysis 4 were alive while the remaining 29 were dead due to disease. With regard to "Early disease" @entity0 who had RT alone, @entity6 alone and CRT, the median OS was 22.3, 10.3 and 15.2 months respectively (p = .440). Cohort of @entity0 with " @entity5 " who were treated with @entity6 alone and CRT the median OS was 7.5 and 7.0 months respectively (p = .643). On multivariate analysis none of the prognostic factors had an adverse impact on survival. CONCLUSION: The impact of adjuvant treatment in the form of RT, @entity6 or CRT after curative resection in @entity4 @entity0 was seen in terms of improved survival but was not statistically significant.

title: Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on Survival in Curatively Resected XXXX .

answer: @entity4