abstract: Irradiation of DNA in a cellular environment leads to many types of DNA damage, resulting from various effects of gamma-radiation. One of these effects is the formation of water-derived radicals (e.g., . @entity1 radicals), which are formed in the vicinity of DNA (indirect effect). To study the influence of the indirect effect on gamma-radiation-induced mutations, a newly constructed plasmid, containing the @entity2 gene as a target gene, was irradiated with 60Co gamma-radiation in aqueous solution, in the presence of @entity0 . Under these circumstances, only . @entity1 radicals will be responsible for the induced mutations. Sequence analysis of the gamma-radiation-induced mutations showed that 96% of all mutations were base pair substitutions, 87% of which occurred in the @entity2 gene, the others are formed in the lac operator part. All gamma-radiation-induced mutations in the @entity2 gene occurred exclusively on G:C base pairs, and no mutations at A:T base pairs could be detected. In the spontaneous mutation spectrum, 83% of all mutations were base pair substitutions, 35% of which occurred in the @entity2 gene and 48% in the lac operator part. Base pair substitutions on G:C base pairs were very similar in the gamma-radiation-induced and in the spontaneous mutation spectrum, implying a high contribution of . @entity1 radicals to spontaneous mutagenesis. A:T to G:C transitions accounted for 10% of all spontaneous base pair substitutions in the @entity2 gene and are probably the result of effects, other than just . @entity1 radicals. It can be concluded that . @entity1 radicals are an important source for mutations at G:C base pairs. In this paper, the extracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum is also compared to the previously obtained, intracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum of the @entity2 gene. Comparison shows some differences, such as relative high amounts of mutations at A:T base pairs, G:C to T:A transversions and frameshift mutations in the intracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum, as compared to the extracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum. Since the extracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum shows that . @entity1 radicals are mainly responsible for base pair substitutions on G:C base pairs, mutations at A:T base pairs in the intracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum are apparently the result of additional or other factors.

title: Mutation spectrum in the XXXX gene, induced by gamma-radiation in aqueous solution under oxic conditions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In this retrospective study, the efficacy and safety were examined for an intraperitoneal chemotherapy protocol- @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity1 ( @entity5 -COP) in 26 @entity0 with @entity2 . Certainly in @entity0 fiercely resisting IV administration the @entity5 route is a more practical method, safer for the administrator and less stressful for the cat. Complete remission (CR) rate was 76.9% (n   =   20). Median duration of first remission was 421   days. Estimated 1- and 2-year disease free period were 67.1 and 48.0%, respectively. Median duration of survival was 388   days and estimated overall 1- and 2-year survival periods were 54.7 and 46.9% respectively. Young @entity0 had a more favourable prognosis. Reaching CR was essential for long-term survival. No specific @entity5 -related adverse events (AE) were seen. AE were generally scored as mild and were not excessively abundant. These results indicate that the @entity5 route is a safe and effective alternative for the administration of COP protocol chemotherapeutics.

title: Intraperitoneal antineoplastic drug delivery: experience with a @entity3 , XXXX and @entity1 protocol in @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Hyaluronan (HA), a secreted glycosaminoglycan component of extracellular matrices, is critical for cellular proliferation and motility during development. However, elevated circulating and cell-associated levels correlate with various types of @entity0 , including prostate. We have previously shown that aggressive PC3M-LN4 @entity3 cells synthesize excessive HA relative to @entity2 cells, and express correspondingly higher levels of the HA biosynthetic enzymes @entity5 and @entity7 . Inhibition of these enzymes by stable transfection of PC3M-LN4 cells with anti-sense @entity5 or @entity7 expression constructs diminishes HA synthesis and surface retention. In this report, we used these @entity6 cell lines to examine the role of HA in tumorigenicity. Subcutaneous injection of @entity4 @entity1 with hyaluronan synthase (HAS) antisense-transfected cells produced @entity0 threefold to fourfold smaller than control transfectants. Tumors from HAS antisense transfectants were histologically @entity6 relative to controls. @entity6 corresponded to threefold reduced cell numbers per @entity0 , but comparable numbers of apoptotic and proliferative cells. Percentages of apoptotic cells in cultured transfectants were identical to those of control cells, but antisense inhibition of HA synthesis effected slower growth rate of cells in culture. Quantification of blood vessel density within @entity0 sections revealed 70 to 80% diminished vascularity of HAS antisense @entity0 . Collectively, the results suggest HAS overexpression by @entity3 cells may facilitate their growth and proliferation in a complex environment by enhancing intrinsic cell growth rates and promoting angiogenesis. Furthermore, this is the first report of a role for inhibition of HA synthesis in reducing @entity0 growth kinetics.

title: Inhibition of XXXX cell hyaluronan synthesis impairs subcutaneous growth and vascularization in immunocompromised @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of anesthetics in animal research models is crucial, yet often ignored, and is almost never the primary focus of examination. Here, we investigated the impact of anesthetic regimens on different parameters of hemodynamics (blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)), metabolism ( @entity2 , insulin, and free @entity7 (FFA)), and @entity1 ( @entity5 and @entity4 ) in two frequently used @entity0 strains ( @entity14 ). All animals were at a similar surgical plane of anesthesia, mechanically ventilated, and monitored for 60   min. The following anesthetic regimens were studied: (1) @entity8 - @entity9 - @entity6 (FKM), (2) fentanyl-midazolam-haldol (FMH), (3) pentobarbital (P), (4) fentanyl-fluanisone-midazolam (FFM), (5) fentanyl-midazolam-acepromazine ( @entity12 ), (6) @entity9 - @entity13 - @entity10 (KMA), (7) @entity11 (ISO), and (8) propofol-fentanyl-midazolam (PFM). Metabolic and inflammatory parameters were compared with those obtained from non-anesthetized animals. Hemodynamics: BP >80   mm   Hg were only obtained with KMA, whereas @entity3 (BP <60   mm   Hg) was observed with FKM and P. HR >500 beats/min was observed with ISO and PFM, whereas HR <400 beats/min was induced with KMA, FMH (BL/6), P (BL/6), and FKM (FVB). Metabolism: @entity2 and insulin were most disturbed by KMA and ISO and mildly disturbed by FMA, whereas FFM, PFM, and P did not have any effect. FFA increased largely by FMA, with ISO and FKM having no effects. Inflammation: Cytokines were increased least with ISO/FFM/FMA, whereas FKM and KMA induced the largest increases in cytokines. When aiming at achieving surgical anesthesia without large disturbances in hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles, FFM, ISO, or PFM may be the most neutral anesthetic regimens in @entity0 .

title: Optimizing anesthetic regimen for surgery in XXXX through minimization of hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory perturbations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) has been recommended in the EAU guidelines for several years as a minimally invasive method for lymph node staging in @entity0 with @entity3 and nonpalpable lymph nodes. However, due to the high methodological demands and the primarily unreliable results, this method is rarely used in Germany. The aim of this study was to establish the reliability and morbidity of this method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The frequency of lymph node recurrent disease and complications were prospectively recorded in @entity0 with initially nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes and histologically negative sentinel lymph nodes. Quality criteria were the false negative rate (percentage of lymph node recurrence in negative procedures) and the morbidity rate. Inguinal regions with palpable lymph nodes and/or evidence of @entity1 were not considered. RESULTS: The study included 37 @entity0 with histologically negative sentinel lymph nodes in 63 groins with nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes. There were 21  T1(a/b) stages, 10 T2, and 6 T3 stages. @entity2 differentiation was good in 4, moderate in 26, and poor in 7 @entity0 . During a median follow-up of 52 months (range 1-131  months), we observed a bilateral lymph node recurrence in 1  @entity0 and a conservatively managed prolonged lymphorrhea in another @entity0 . Per inguinal region the false-negative rate was 3.2   % and the morbidity rate was 1.6   %; seen per @entity0 the rates were both 2.7   %. CONCLUSIONS: DSNB is a reliable method of lymph node staging in @entity0 with @entity3 and nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes. The high degree of reliability in combination with the low morbidity justifies the higher methodical complexity of this method.

title: [Long-term results of sentinel node biopsy diagnostics in XXXX : Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in cases with nonpalpable lymph nodes in the groin].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Periconceptional use of @entity3 can prevent @entity1 , including at least 50% of @entity2 . This study used an ongoing surveillance system to explore the association between pregnancy intendedness and @entity0 taking periconceptional @entity3 . METHODS: Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) surveys a stratified random sample of @entity0 after a live birth. In 1998-1999, 1867 @entity0 completed the survey (64.0% response rate); responses were weighted for nonresponse. @entity0 were asked whether they took @entity3 most days in the month before becoming pregnant. RESULTS: Overall, 33.2% of @entity0 took @entity3 most days in the month before becoming pregnant, and 39.9% said that their pregnancy was unintended. Adolescent mothers were less likely to take periconceptional @entity3 (9.2%) and more likely to report unintended pregnancy (62.0%) than older @entity0 . Overall, @entity0 who said that their pregnancy was intended were more likely to report that they had taken periconceptional @entity3 (odds ratio: 4.75; 95% confidence interval: 3.16-7.14); after controlling for maternal age and income the odds ratio was 3.70 (95% confidence interval: 2.38-5.56). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 whose pregnancies were intended were more likely to have been taking periconceptional @entity3 than @entity0 whose pregnancies were unintended. The importance of fertile @entity0 's taking daily multivitamins that contain 400 microg (0.4 mg) of @entity3 should be stressed among @entity0 who are not contemplating pregnancy, especially adolescents and low-income @entity0 .

title: Pregnancy intendedness and the use of periconceptional XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of preoperative administration of oral @entity3 ( @entity1 ) or oral rehydration solution (ORS). However, the effects of preoperative @entity1 or ORS on postoperative quality of recovery after anesthesia remain unclear. Consequently, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative @entity1 or ORS on @entity0 recovery, using the Quality of Recovery 40 questionnaire (QoR-40). METHODS: This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2 adult @entity0 , who were scheduled to undergo a surgical procedure of body surface. Subjects were randomized to one of the three groups: 1) preoperative @entity1 group, 2) preoperative ORS group, and 3) control group. The primary outcome was the global QoR-40 administered 24 h after surgery. Intraoperative use of vasopressor, intraoperative body temperature changes, and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were also evaluated. RESULTS: We studied 134 subjects. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] global QoR-40 scores 24 h after the surgery were 187 [177-197], 186 [171-200], and 184 [171-198] for the @entity1 , ORS, and control groups, respectively (p = 0.916). No significant differences existed between the groups regarding intraoperative vasopressor use during the surgery (p = 0.475). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the current study indicated that the preoperative administration of either @entity1 or ORS did not improve the quality of recovery in @entity0 undergoing minimally invasive body surface surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.umin.ac.jp UMIN000009388 https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr.cgi?function=brows_action=brows_type=summary_recptno=R000011029_language=E.

title: The Effect of Preoperative Oral XXXX or Oral Rehydration Solution on Postoperative Quality of Recovery: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: The adherence to the guidelines for pharmacotherapy of @entity1 ( @entity1 )- @entity0 improves prognosis. Although general practitioners (GPs) treat the majority of @entity1 - @entity0 , information about GPs' current guideline adherence and their typical prescription rationales is sparse. METHODS AND RESULTS: A three-stage study design was employed. In Stage I, 206 @entity0 records from 15 randomly chosen GP practices were analysed; 76  % of @entity0 were prescribed ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs), 73  % beta blocker (BBs), but only 18  % mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). ACEI doses were at 62  % of the guideline recommended target doses, BBs at 46  %, while MRAs were sufficiently highly dosed. The guideline adherence indicator (GAI-3) was only 22  %. In Stage II, GPs in all 15 practices were interviewed, and health record documentation deficits and @entity0 ' contraindications were taken into account. This increased the percentage of @entity0 correctly prescribed ACEIs/ARBs to 87  %, BBs to 84  % and GAI-3 to 56  %. MRAs exhibited the most frequent contraindications, but remained underprescribed. Many GPs seemed not to be aware of the therapeutic value of MRAs or the need to reach target doses of the indicated drug classes. @entity0 -interviewed in Stage III-reported good tolerability of @entity1 -drugs and generally good compliance, although 11  % discontinued @entity1 -medication on their own. CONCLUSIONS: Guideline adherence of GPs was higher than expected from literature and might be further improved by highlighting MRAs as the third prognostically relevant drug class beside ACEIs/ARBs and BBs and stronger emphasis on target doses.

title: General practitioners' adherence to XXXX guidelines regarding medication: the GP- @entity1 study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Circadian variation in @entity1 is well recognised in vascular events. This study aims to observe any significant difference in circadian variability in geriatric @entity0 when compared to their younger counterparts. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted at medical emergency at the Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India. All the @entity0 attending medical emergency with symptoms suggestive of @entity2 were included. The time of occurrence of first symptom and subsequent symptoms was noted. Electrocardiography, cardiac enzymes and echocardiography were performed to establish the diagnosis of @entity5 . The 24-hour day was divided into 12 equal parts of two hours each. For the final analysis, the two-hour periods were grouped into six equal periods of four hours each and four quarters of six hours each. RESULTS: We studied 559 @entity0 , out of whom 459 were 65 years old or younger, and 100 @entity0 were older than 65 years old. 459 @entity0 had 498 episodes in all. 100 @entity0 above the age of 65 years had 104 episodes. Both the groups had peaking of acute @entity3 in the early morning hours with @entity0 older than 65 years of age having a slightly early peak. However, there was considerable variability for peaking of unstable @entity4 and non-Q @entity3 . In @entity0 older than 65 years, early morning peaking of events was noted whereas in 65 years or younger, the peaking of events was noted in the evening hours. CONCLUSION: Circadian variability exists in occurrence of acute coronary events and is variable in geriatric @entity0 when compared to their younger counterparts.

title: Ageing and circadian variation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of transpedicular instrumentation used in a series of 24 @entity0 with myelodysplastic @entity1 and @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the usefulness and efficacy of these instruments in the treatment of complicated myelodysplastic @entity1 . METHODS: The mean preoperative @entity6 was 75.7 degrees (range, 39-130 degrees) in the 22 @entity0 with @entity1 ; 4 @entity0 with thoracic hyperkyphoses averaged 70.5 degrees (range, 46-90 degrees) and 10 @entity0 with lumbar kyphoses averaged 80.5 degrees (range, 42-120 degrees). The instrumentation extended to the sacrum in 4 @entity0 and the pelvis in 9; 10 @entity0 also underwent anterior release and fusion and 7 underwent concomitant spinal cord detethering. At an average follow-up of 4.0 years (2.0-7.7 years; one @entity0 died at 8 months), all @entity0 have fused (with the exception of two @entity5 ). RESULTS: At last follow-up, deformity measured 32.1 degrees @entity6 (range, 6-85 degrees), 30.8 degrees @entity3 (range, 24-35 degrees), and 0.0 degree lumbar @entity3 (range, 35 degrees @entity3 to 29 degrees @entity4 ). Three @entity0 lost some neurologic function after surgery; two recovered within 6 months and one has incomplete recovery. No ambulatory @entity0 lost the ability to walk. Five @entity0 required additional surgical procedures; in three cases, there was instrumentation breakage associated with @entity5 or unfused spinal segments. CONCLUSIONS: Pedicle screw instrumentation is uniquely suited to the @entity7 . Compared with historical control subjects, these devices have proven capable of significant correction of both scoliotic and @entity1 . This instrumentation appears particularly useful in preserving @entity4 in all @entity0 and may preserve @entity8 in ambulatory @entity7 @entity0 .

title: @entity1 in XXXX . Correction with posterior pedicle screw instrumentation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether chronic treatment with @entity6 , a @entity3 antagonist, leads not only to regression of @entity5 , but also to an improvement in coronary flow reserve and microvascular remodeling. DESIGN AND METHODS: Two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt @entity2 @entity0 were assigned either to a @entity6 -treatment group or to a group without treatment after their kidneys had been clipped for 4 weeks. @entity6 was administered to @entity0 in the treatment group for 6 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the systemic hemodynamics and coronary blood flow were determined in conscious unrestrained @entity0 by using nonradioactive colored microspheres injected through the left atrium. The coronary blood flow was determined in @entity0 of both groups with the @entity0 at rest and after near-maximal vasodilatation induced by carbochrome. For evaluation of the microvascular remodeling capillary density, the wall : lumen ratio of arterioles and perivascular @entity1 were quantified by using an image analyzer after fixation of heart tissue. RESULTS: @entity6 treatment lowered the blood pressure significantly with a decrease in total peripheral resistance, and the left ventricular mass decreased markedly compared with that of untreated @entity2 @entity0 . The coronary flow reserve of the untreated @entity2 @entity0 was lower than that of the controls, but @entity6 treatment improved the coronary flow reserve. We found a significant decrease in capillary density, and significant increases in wall : lumen ratio and perivascular @entity1 in untreated @entity2 @entity0 . These changes in microvasculature were improved by @entity6 treatment. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that @entity6 exerts favorable effects as an antihypertensive drug by reversing @entity4 and improving the coronary flow reserve and microvascular remodeling.

title: Effect of @entity6 on microvascular remodeling and coronary flow reserve in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity0 in whom the right coronary artery (RCA) arises from the left coronary sinus (LCS) is unequal. An initial intramural course of the coronary artery within the aortic media is considered to cause @entity7 in cases of @entity4 . METHODS: Clinicopathological findings in five autopsy cases where the RCA arose from the LCS with an intramural course were examined. Comparison between @entity10 and @entity3 was also performed. RESULTS: Two of five cases were @entity10 , and the other three cases were @entity3 . In one case of @entity9 , the @entity0 collapsed during light exercise, and in the other case, the @entity0 was under the effect of @entity8 . Both of the cases of @entity9 showed an RCA-dominant pattern in distribution of the coronary artery, @entity6 narrowing of the RCA, and acute @entity2 @entity1 in the posterior basilar ventricular septum around the atrioventricular conduction system, which is considered to be the territory of the RCA. CONCLUSIONS: An intramural course within the aortic media may be an accelerating factor of @entity5 in cases with an origin of the RCA arising from the LCS because of compression from the aortic lumen. However, this finding may not be an independent predictor of pathological @entity2 . Additional factors that diminish blood flow in the intramural segment may be required to cause significant @entity7 . Additionally, inciting factors, which can increase blood pressure, may also play a role in causing symptomatic @entity7 by initiating mechanical compression from the aorta to the intramural segment of the RCA.

title: Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus with an intramural course: comparison between @entity9 and XXXX cases.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and quantify the side effects of intravesical BCG therapy (Connaught strain) in different therapeutic protocols. METHODS: 200 @entity0 were studied; 126 treated according to the standard protocol of our hospital (modality 1 and modality 2: twelve and nine 81 mg instillations, respectively) and 74 @entity0 in the CUETO protocols (90008, 93009, 95011, 95012). Classification of BCG @entity2 was based on the criteria utilized by @entity6 which divides it into side effects and complications. We have distinguished side effects further as local irritative symptoms (LIS) and @entity4 . RESULTS: The most common side effects were LIS (80%) and @entity4 (21.5%). The incidence of @entity4 (44.4%) and general malaise (44.4%) was higher for modality 1 than for modality 2 (24.1% and 20.3%, respectively). The CUETO 93009 protocol ( @entity3 + @entity5 ) showed the highest incidence of side effects (LIS 100%, @entity4 57.1% and fever < 39 degrees C 71.4%). The most frequent complication was fever > 39 degrees C (4%), followed by @entity1 (3%). The rate of bladder retraction was notably high (1.5%), requiring cystectomy with neobladder substitution in two cases. The overall complication rate for modality 1 (16.6%) was reduced when modality 2 was utilized (8.3%). In the CUETO 90008 protocol, dose reduction did not reduce the complication rate (81 mg: 7.1%; 21 mg: 19.2%). BCG therapy was discontinued in 14%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 due to intravesical BCG therapy did not decrease when the dose was reduced, but diminished in number and intensity when the number of consecutive instillations was reduced.

title: [Complications of endovesical treatment with BCG in a series of 200 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The phase 3 ICOGEN trial established the non-inferiority of @entity10 to @entity9 in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity0 , and this led to the approval of @entity10 for @entity7 by the China Food and Drug Administration. A phase 4 study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of @entity10 in a broad range of @entity0 with advanced @entity7 across China. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed data from unresectable, recurrent, and/or advanced @entity7 @entity0 who received oral @entity10 125mg three times per day. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), which were investigated overall and in subgroups such as @entity0 with an @entity6 mutation and elderly @entity0 . RESULTS: Between August, 2011 and August, 2012, a total of 6087 advanced @entity7 @entity0 were registered in this study, of which 5549 were evaluable for safety and @entity1 response. The median age was 63 years (range 21-95 years), and 1571 (28.3%) @entity0 were over the age of 70. The majority of @entity0 were non-smokers, and had @entity5 and @entity1 . The overall incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of any grade was 31.5%. The most common @entity2 included @entity8 (17.4%) and @entity3 (8.5%), and three @entity0 experienced @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The ORR and DCR were 30.0% and 80.6%, respectively, for the overall population, and 33.4% and 81.2%, 30.3% and 80.3%, and 30.4% and 89.3%, for first-line, second-line, and third-line or multiple line subsets, respectively. In 665 @entity6 -mutated @entity0 who were evaluable for @entity1 response, the ORR and DCR were 49.2% (327/665) and 92.3% (614/665), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The data from over 6000 @entity0 was consistent with the results of the ICOGEN study. @entity10 demonstrated a favorable @entity2 profile and efficacy in the routine clinical setting.

title: A single-arm, multicenter, safety-monitoring, phase IV study of XXXX in treating advanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ).

answer: @entity10


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of >= 6y ranibizumab therapy in neovascular @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: HELIX was a retrospective, observational effectiveness study using medical records of @entity0 treated in three clinics in Belgium. @entity0 had @entity3 and were initially treated with intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5 mg) between November 1, 2007 and October 31, 2008, had >= 6y of data available, and were treated on an ongoing, as-needed basis. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). RESULTS: The sample consisted of 88 eyes from 69 @entity0 . Mean age was 76.4  6.5y, most @entity0 were female (62.3%). Most eyes (62.5%) were treatment-naive, 33 previously treated eyes had received predominantly other anti- @entity1 agents and @entity4 . Mean baseline BCVA was 57.4  12.7 ETDRS letters and @entity2 was 291.5  86.1  m. On average, @entity0 received 20.6  11.9 ranibizumab injections over the >= 6y. Intervals between injections were on average 12.7  16.1wk. Mean change in BCVA from baseline to last observation for the sample was less than one letter (-0.9  17.3 letters), with an average loss of -3.2  15.6 letters in previously treated eyes versus a gain of 0.6  18.4 letters in treatment-na  ve eyes. When considering a loss of <15 letters over 6y as stabilization of disease, 75.9% of all eyes showed a positive (improvement or stabilization) outcome. Mean change in @entity2 from baseline to last observation for the sample was -26.9  148.4  m with the greatest reduction observed in treatment-naive eyes. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study of 69 @entity3 @entity0 treated for >= 6y with ranibizumab demonstrates long-term visual stabilization. In light of the natural evolution of the disease, these data confirm that ranibizumab is effective long-term under real-world conditions of heterogeneity of @entity0 , clinicians, and centers.

title: Six-year outcomes in neovascular XXXX with ranibizumab.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Assessment of imbalance in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) usually relies on semi-quantitative ratings. Posturography has been proposed as an objective means to assess imbalance but its relationship to clinical disequilibrium is questionable. In this study static and dynamic posturography was performed in 58 @entity0 with @entity1 and 29 healthy controls. In @entity0 , posturography was related to performance in established clinical tests (pull-test and tandem gait). Posturography did not differentiate between controls and @entity0 with impaired pull-test (IPDimb, n = 28). @entity0 with normal pull-test (IPDstab n = 30) had lower sway than controls in static (P = 0.042) and dynamic posturography (P = 0.001) and also differed from @entity0 with impaired pull-test in static (P = 0.007) and dynamic (P < 0.001) conditions. In @entity0 with side-steps in tandem gait (n = 21), sway in static and dynamic posturography was increased. Sway measures did not differentiate between @entity0 with pull-test scores 1 and 2 or one and >1 side step in tandem-gait, respectively. Results of ANOVA showed that variance of static posturography was related to performance in tandem-gait (P < 0.0001) but not to pull-test performance (P = 0.91). In contrast, dynamic posturography was related to both, tandem-gait (P = 0.012) and pull-test (P = 0.03). Posturographic sway is increased in @entity0 with @entity1 with disturbance of tandem gait and pull-test. Posturographic measures did not distinguish between different degrees of deficits in clinical tests.

title: Posturography reflects clinical imbalance in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two hybrid genes ( @entity4 -HuIFN-gamma2 and @entity4 -HuIFN-gamma3) were constructed on the basis of @entity3 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity0 @entity2 (HuIFN-gamma) gene sequences. They were used to direct HuIFN-gamma synthesis in the mammary gland of @entity1 . HuIFN-gamma was efficiently produced in the mammary gland of @entity1 . @entity4 -HuIFN-gamma2 transgenic females expressed HuIFN-gamma in the milk at concentrations up to 570 mg/ml, and @entity4 -HuIFN-gamma3 transgenic females expressed up to 350 mg/ml. All females carrying the @entity4 -HuIFN-gamma3 gene expressed HuIFN-gamma in their milk. No significant changes were observed in the HuIFN-gamma expression level during the lactation period. Using RT-PCR analysis, ectopic expression for both hybrid genes was found in @entity1 . Despite ectopic expression of HuIFN-gamma in @entity1 , their development and pregnancy were normal. The heritability of the HuIFN-gamma expression level in milk was demonstrated up to the F2 generation. This work demonstrates that hybrid genes have the potential to develop in transgenic domestic animals producing HuIFN-gamma in milk.

title: Efficient @entity0 @entity2 expression in the mammary gland of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Peri-ictal single-photon emission tomography (SPET) difference images co-registered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualize regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes and help localize the epileptogenic area in medically @entity1 . Few reports have examined the reproducibility of SPET difference image results. @entity1 @entity0 having two peri-ictal and at least one interictal SPET scan who later underwent surgical resection were studied. Localization accuracy of peri-ictal SPET difference images results, interictal electroencephalography (EEG), and ictal EEG from the first ( @entity2 1) and second ( @entity2 2) @entity2 , as well as MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) findings, were compared using surgical resection site as the standard. Thirteen @entity0 underwent surgical resection (11 temporal lobe and 2 extratemporal). SPET results from @entity2 1 were localized to the surgical site in 12/13 (92%) @entity0 , while SPET results from @entity2 2 were localized in 13/13 (100%) @entity0 . All other modalities were less accurate than the SPET results interictal EEG-- @entity2 1 6/13 (46%); ictal EEG-- @entity2 1 5/13 (38%); interictal intracranial EEG-- @entity2 2 4/9 (44%); ictal intracranial EEG-- @entity2 2 results 8/9 (89%); MRI 6/13 (46%); PET 9/13 (69%)[. SPET results were reproducible in 12/13 (92%) @entity0 . SPET difference images calculated from two independent peri-ictal scans appear to be reproducible and accurately localize the epileptogenic area. While SPET difference images visualize many areas of rCBF change, the quantification of these results along with consideration of injection time improves the diagnostic interpretation of the results.

title: Reproducibility of serial peri-ictal single-photon emission tomography difference images in XXXX @entity0 undergoing surgical resection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 induces maternal @entity3 in 50% of mothers when used for prevention and treatment of spinal anaesthesia-induced @entity2 during caesarean delivery. Rapid fluid administration immediately after initiation of the spinal block (co-loading) may have a vasopressor sparing effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that when using rapid crystalloid co-loading, an infusion of 50 mcg/minute of PE could be as effective as 100 mcg/minute in preventing @entity2 but with minimal maternal @entity3 and an acceptable fetal outcome. METHODS: 117 mothers scheduled for elective caesarean section were recruited in this randomized controlled trial. Co-loading with 10 ml/kg of Hartmann's solution started immediately after a standard spinal anaesthesia. Parturients were then randomly allocated into two groups. Group 50 (n = 54) received @entity4 infusion at 50 microg/min, and group 100 (n=63) 100 microg/min. Rescue @entity4 boluses (50 mcg) were administered if needed to maintain systolic blood pressure between 80-100% of its baseline values. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was not different between mothers in both groups during the study period. All neonatal Apgar scores at 1 minute were > or =7 and at 5 minutes were > or =9. No mother had umbilical arterial pH <7.2. Umbilical arterial and venous blood gas and acid base values were not different between both groups except the umbilical arterial PCO2 that was significantly higher in group 100. There were more frequent episodes of maternal @entity3 in Group 100 than in Group 50 (eleven and one parturients respectively). There was no difference in the incidence of @entity0 and @entity1 in both groups. CONCLUSION: In combination with rapid co-loading, an infusion rate of 50 microg/min of PE is as adequate as 100 microg/min in prevention of spinal anaesthesia-induced @entity2 during elective caesarean section. Both infusions are associated with a similar neonatal outcome. PE infusion of 50 microg/min is associated with significantly less maternal @entity3 than 100 microg/min.

title: Comparison between two @entity4 infusion rates with moderate co-loading for the prevention of spinal anaeshtesia-induced XXXX during elective caesarean section.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although @entity9 represents a ubiquitous @entity0 health problem, there is a lack of effective therapeutic strategies that have few side  -effects and the precise mechanisms underlying @entity9 are not fully understood. Phosphoinositide 3  -kinase ( @entity11 ) is a pivotal kinase known to regulate inflammatory responses in @entity4 . Although previous research indicates that @entity11 is involved in @entity5 , including @entity6 , it currently remains unclear whether the inhibition of @entity11 is essential for ameliorating the severity of lipopolysaccharide ( @entity15 )  -induced @entity4 . The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pharmacological blockade of @entity11 ameliorates the development of @entity15  -induced @entity2 @entity4 . A @entity2 model of @entity15  -induced @entity4 was used to investigate the therapeutic effect of the pan  - @entity11 inhibitor, @entity10 on @entity2 @entity9 and to investigate potential underlying mechanisms. The current report presents the in vivo role of @entity10 in protecting the @entity2 from @entity9 . @entity10 was observed to exert significant protective effects on the liver by reducing the activities of @entity12 aminotransferase and @entity13 aminotransferase, as well as by improving the histological architecture of the liver. In @entity15  -induced @entity4 , treatment with @entity10 clearly inhibited intrahepatic synthesis of various disease  -relevant proinflammatory cytokines, including @entity1 @entity3 factor  -a, @entity8 , @entity7 and interferon  -y. Furthermore, @entity10 was observed to significantly inhibit @entity14 phosphorylation in @entity15  -injured @entity2 liver samples. Therefore, @entity10 may protect the liver from @entity15  -induced injury by inhibition of the @entity14  -nuclear factor k  -light  -chain  -enhancer of activated B cell dependent signaling pathway. Thus, the current report provides evidence that @entity10 exerts potent effects against @entity15  -induced @entity4 , indicating its potential therapeutic value for the treatment of acute @entity4 .

title: XXXX prevents lipopolysaccharide  -induced @entity4 in a @entity2 model by suppressing @entity14 phosphorylation.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity3 is an orally available multi-targeted @entity2 kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and antitumor activity. To get more insight into the disposition of @entity3 , a mass balance study was performed in @entity0 with advanced solid @entity1 . A single oral 24  mg (100   Ci) dose of (14)C-lenvatinib was administered to six @entity0 , followed by collection of blood, plasma, urine and feces for 7 to 10  days. The collected material was analyzed for total radioactivity, unchanged @entity3 and selected metabolites. The safety and antitumor effect of a daily oral dose of 24  mg non-labeled @entity3 were assessed in the extension phase of the study. Peak plasma concentrations of @entity3 and total radioactivity were reached 1.6 and 1.4  h after administration, respectively, and their terminal phase half-lifes were 34.5 and 17.8  h, respectively. Unchanged @entity3 systemic exposure accounted for 60  % of the total radioactivity in plasma. Peak concentrations of the analyzed metabolite were over 700-fold lower than the peak plasma concentration of @entity3 . Ten days after the initial dose, the geometric mean (   CV) recovery of administered dose was 89  %   10  %, with 64  %   11  % recovered in feces and 25  %   18  % in urine. Unchanged @entity3 in urine and feces accounted for 2.5  %   68  % of the administered dose, indicating a major role of metabolism in the elimination of @entity3 . In conclusion, @entity3 is rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized, with subsequent excretion in urine and, more predominantly, in feces. Additionally, @entity3 showed acceptable safety and preliminary antitumor activity.

title: Pharmacokinetics and excretion of (14)C-lenvatinib in XXXX with advanced solid @entity1 or lymphomas.

answer: @entity0


abstract: An outbreak of @entity2 occurred in the city of Sverdlovsk in Russia in the spring of 1979. The outbreak was due to the inhalation of spores that were accidentally released from a military microbiology facility. In response to the outbreak a public health intervention was mounted that included distribution of antibiotics and vaccine. The objective of this paper is to develop and apply statistical methodology to analyse the Sverdlovsk outbreak, and in particular to estimate the incubation period of inhalational @entity2 and the number of @entity1 that may have been prevented by the public health intervention. The data available for analysis from this common source epidemic are the incubation periods of reported @entity1 . The statistical problem is that incubation periods are truncated because some individuals may have had their @entity1 prevented by the public health interventions and thus are not included in the data. However, it is not known how many @entity0 received the intervention or how efficacious was the intervention. A likelihood function is formulated that accounts for the effects of truncation. The likelihood is decomposed into a binomial likelihood with unknown sample size and a conditional likelihood for the incubation periods. The methods are extended to allow for a phase-in of the intervention over time. Assuming a lognormal model for the incubation period distribution, the median and mean incubation periods were estimated to be 11.0 and 14.2 days respectively. These estimates are longer than have been previously reported in the literature. The death toll from the Sverdlovsk @entity2 outbreak could have been about 14% larger had there not been a public health intervention; however, the confidence intervals are wide (95% CI 0-61%). The sensitivity of the results to model assumptions and the parametric model for the incubation period distribution are investigated. The results are useful for determining how long antibiotic therapy should be continued in suspected @entity2 cases and also for estimating the ultimate number of @entity1 in a new outbreak in the absence of any public health interventions.

title: The statistical analysis of truncated data: application to the Sverdlovsk XXXX outbreak.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The dose to the intracerebroventricularly administered (i.c.v.) @entity2 toxin (Tetx) evoking the death of 50% of experimental @entity0 (LD50) was estimated to be 18.0 (11.5-28.2) times the @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity7 is defined as the lowest does of Tetx necessary to kill a 20-g albino @entity0 within 96 h after intraperitoneal treatment. Tetx (0.25 and 0.5 LD50) increased the @entity3 threshold of electric current from 24 to 96 and 120 h, respectively, following i.c.v. administration. Both doses of Tetx diminished convulsant potencies of @entity13 , @entity4 , @entity11 and @entity9 24 h after application. At the same time Tetx (0.5 LD50) increased the protection afforded by @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity1 and @entity10 in maximal electroshock (MES) by approximately 36, 11, 21 and 26%, respectively, without affecting total blood plasma levels of antiepileptic drugs. No marked changes in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) concentration and total activity of @entity12 decarboxylase (GAD) assessed in the whole-brain homogenates resulted from Tetx treatment. Our results seem to indicate that low doses (< LD50) of i.c.v. administered Tetx may lead to a relative prevalence of inhibitory over excitatory processes in the central nervous system suggesting a complex action of Tetx at the neuronal level.

title: Influence of intracerebroventricular administration of @entity2 toxin on experimental @entity3 and protection afforded by some antiepileptic drugs in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity5 at the time of @entity2 is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Animal studies suggest that @entity4 expansion may be responsible. The influence of persisting @entity5 after @entity1 has not previously been examined. We measured the blood @entity3 profile after acute @entity2 and correlated it with @entity4 volume changes using T2- and diffusion-weighted MRI. METHODS: We recruited 25 subjects within 24 hours of @entity2 . Continuous @entity3 monitoring was performed with a @entity3 monitoring device (CGMS), and 4-hour capillary @entity3 levels ( @entity6 ) were measured for 72 hours after admission. MRI and clinical assessments were performed at acute (median, 15 hours), subacute (median, 5 days), and outcome (median, 85 days) time points. RESULTS: Mean CGMS @entity3 and mean @entity6 @entity3 correlated with @entity4 volume change between acute and subacute diffusion-weighted MRI (r>or=0.60, P<0.01), acute and outcome MRI (r=0.56, P=0.01), outcome National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale (NIHSS; r>or=0.53, P<0.02), and outcome modified Rankin Scale (mRS; r>or=0.53, P=0.02). Acute and final @entity4 volume change and outcome NIHSS and mRS were significantly higher in @entity0 with mean CGMS or mean @entity6 @entity3 >or=7 mmol/L. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both mean CGMS and @entity6 @entity3 levels >or=7 mmol/L were independently associated with increased final @entity4 volume change. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent @entity5 on serial @entity3 monitoring is an independent determinant of @entity4 expansion and is associated with worse functional outcome. There is an urgent need to study normalization of blood @entity3 after @entity1 .

title: Persistent poststroke XXXX is independently associated with @entity4 expansion and worse clinical outcome.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the kind of @entity2 that are present in @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and the frequency of their occurrence. METHODS: The blood cell counts of a cohort of @entity0 with @entity7 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity7 were classified as 'definite', 'probable' or 'possible' according to clinical presentation, instrumental findings, immunohistological findings on muscle biopsy, biochemical abnormalities of the respiratory chain and/or the results of genetic studies. @entity0 who had medical conditions other than MID that account for the @entity2 were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity0 ('definite' = 5; 'probable' = 9; 'possible' = 32) had @entity2 attributable to @entity7 . The most frequent @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity7 was @entity1 . 27 @entity0 had @entity1 as their sole haematological problem. @entity1 was associated with @entity3 (n = 4), @entity4 (n = 2), @entity5 (n = 2), and @entity6 (n = 1). @entity1 was @entity8 and normocytic in 27 @entity0 , @entity8 and microcytic in six @entity0 , hyperchromic and macrocytic in two @entity0 , and normochromic and microcytic in one @entity0 . Among the 46 @entity0 with a mitochondrial @entity2 , 78.3% had @entity1 , 13.0% had @entity3 , 8.7% had @entity5 and 8.7% had @entity6 , alone or in combination with other @entity2 . CONCLUSION: MID should be considered if a @entity0 's abnormal blood cell counts (particularly those associated with @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity5 or @entity6 ) cannot be explained by established causes. Abnormal blood cell counts may be the sole manifestation of MID or a collateral feature of a multisystem problem.

title: XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is topic of guidelines in developed countries. In South area, without consensus conference, physicians' attitude towards this disease is varied. So, we aimed to describe therapeutic decisions of physicians in Dakar, regarding literature and the role of @entity2 in gastro-intestinal diseases. From 2001 december first to 2002 January 31, a survey was made in a sample of 171 physicians in Dakar with a questionnaire. All generalists, internists and gastroenterologists working in public or private health places of Dakar were concerned. The rate of responses was 68%. 65.5% of physicians had not read guidelines about @entity3 and @entity2 but 89% of them had read articles on these topics. Most of the physicians (76%) ordered systematically or mainly treatment to eradicate @entity2 . 95% of them did not require proof of infection before treatment. Association of gastric antisecretory drug with @entity0 and @entity1 was mostly used (77.5%). Double dose of antisecretory drug was prescribed by 51.5% of physicians. For 40.5% of them, the duration of treatment was 7 days while 53.5% prolonged duration to 10 or 14 days. Complementary antisecretory drug was systematic for most of physicians (83.5%). These multiple therapeutic options, sometimes not in accordance with recommandations, militate in favour of more intensive participation of Dakar physicians to scientific meetings, in order to rationalize their therapeutic attitude towards @entity3 and take into account local data.

title: [Dakar physicians' therapeutic attitude towards non complicated XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Terminal @entity2 is a rare but devastating event that may occur in certain advanced @entity1 . The focus of management involves administration of 'crisis medicine' with the intention of relieving @entity0 distress through sedative doses of anxiolytics or opioids. This practice, whilst widely accepted, is based on limited evidence and has never been formally evaluated. AIM: To evaluate the utility of crisis medication in the management of terminal @entity2 , through the experiences of nurses who had personally managed such events. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews exploring the experiences of palliative care and head and neck oncology nurses were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Saturation of themes occurred after interviewing 11 nurses with cumulative experience of managing 37 terminal @entity2 . RESULTS: @entity0 reported crisis medication to have little, if any, role in the management of terminal @entity2 , which was such a rapid event that @entity0 died before it could be administered. As many events had not been predicted, anticipatory prescribing of crisis medication did not always occur. Staying with and supporting the @entity0 , and using dark-coloured towels to camouflage blood were reported to be of more practical use. A focus on accessing crisis medicines had often been to the detriment of these simple yet beneficial measures. CONCLUSION: Anticipatory prescribing of crisis medication rarely benefits the @entity0 and may unintentionally detract from nursing care. Guidelines on the management of terminal @entity2 should reconsider the emphasis on crisis medication and focus on non-pharmacological approaches to this invariably fatal event.

title: The use of crisis medication in the management of terminal XXXX due to incurable @entity1 : a qualitative study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: fMRI graph theory reveals resting-state brain networks, but has never been used in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: Whole-brain resting-state fMRI was acquired at 3T from 21 @entity0 with @entity1 and 20 age-matched healthy controls. BOLD connectivity was analyzed yielding global and local graph-theory metrics across 100 @entity0 -based functional nodes. We also compared local metrics between groups in frontopolar, supplementary motor, and sensorimotor cortices, regions implicated in recent neuroimaging and/or brain stimulation treatment studies in @entity1 . RESULTS: As in adults, the global metric small-worldness was significantly (P<0.05) lower in @entity0 than controls, by 13.5% (%mean difference=100%X( @entity1 mean - control mean)/control mean). This suggests less efficient information transfer in @entity0 . In addition, modularity was lower in @entity1 (15.1%, P<0.01), suggesting less granular  - or differently organized  - functional brain parcellation. Higher clustering coefficients (23.9-32.4%, P<0.05) were observed in @entity0 in frontopolar, supplementary motor, sensorimotor, and cortices with lower betweenness centrality (-63.6%, P<0.01) at one frontopolar site. These findings are consistent with more locally intensive connectivity or less interaction with other brain regions at these sites. LIMITATIONS: Relatively large node size; relatively small sample size, comorbidities in some @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric @entity1 @entity0 demonstrate aberrant global and local resting-state network connectivity topologies compared to healthy @entity0 . Local results accord with recent views of @entity1 as a disorder with sensorimotor component.

title: Graph-theoretical analysis of resting-state fMRI in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine whether an analysis of the collected worms after chemotherapy with @entity3 could be used as a method measuring the amount of reinfection of @entity2 in a given population. A total of 398 cases from two villages and one primary school were treated with @entity3 with dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. The whole two-day stool specimens after treatment were examined. Out of 279 followed cases, 110 cases (39.4%) were found infected with A. lumbricoides. A total of 527 worms were collected, they were in the range of 1.2 to 32.5 cm in length and 0.0004 to 7.424 gm in weight. The measurements were made on the specimens fixed with 10% @entity1 . The relationship between the number of worms per positive case(X) and the total weight of worms(Y) showed the positive linear regression; this was expressed by the equation, Y= 2.012X + 1.135 (Sy=4.84, r=0.92). From the above results, it seems that worms of small size may not be considered as a product of crowding effect in heavy infections. The relation between the weight(Y) and length(X) of collected A. lumbricoides was expressed as an equation, Log(e)Y=3.032 log(e)X-8.2903(S.E. of reg. coeff.= 0.040, r=0.957). In the intestinal phase of development, the first increase of the length of the worm, up to 10~12 cm was observed and this followed by the well marked increase of weight from 13 cm upto 32.5 cm in the sexually maturing phase. A total of 285 schoolchildren were treated by @entity3 , 10 mg/kg of body weight three times each in two months interval. After the second and third treatment, thirteen and fifty-four worms were collected respectively. They were measured in length and weight and were all in the range of 1.2 to 13.2 cm in length and 0.0006 to 0.436 gm in weight except 3 fully matured adults. It is assumed that these young worms, defined as those less than 0.5 gm in weight and less than 13 cm in length should be regarded as those having reinfected during the previous two months period. From this observation, it was possible to calculate the reinfected number of young worms. Therefore, it is suggested that the average number of Ascaris per month per @entity0 means the reinfection amount in a certain period of time in an endemic area of A. lumbricoides. In other words, reinfection amount may be expressed by the calculated figure of young worms reinfected in a certain period of time in a population.

title: Study on the quantitative evaluation of reinfection of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Medication is the mainstay of treatment for @entity2 or @entity2 -like illnesses. Many @entity0 , however, continue to experience symptoms in spite of medication. In addition to medication, creative therapies, such as art therapy may be helpful. Art therapy allows exploration of the @entity0 's inner world in a non-threatening way through a therapeutic relationship and the use of art materials. It was mainly developed in adult @entity1 inpatient units and was designed for use with @entity0 in whom verbal psychotherapy would be impossible. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects of art therapy as an adjunctive treatment for @entity2 compared with standard care and other psychosocial interventions. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity2 Group's Register (May 2002), hand searched reference lists and 'Inscape' (the Journal of the British Association of Art Therapists), and contacted relevant authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials that compared art therapy with standard care or other psychosocial interventions for @entity2 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Studies were reliably selected, quality assessed and data extracted. Data were excluded where more than 50% of @entity0 in any group were lost to follow up. For binary outcomes we calculated a fixed effects risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). MAIN RESULTS: The search identified 57 reports but only two studies (total n=137) met the inclusion criteria. Both compared art therapy plus standard care with standard care alone. Fewer @entity0 allocated to art therapy left the study before 20 weeks compared with those given standard care alone (n=47, 1 RCT, RR 0.34 CI 0.15 to 0.8, NNT 3 CI 1.5 to 7). Measures of change in mental state, interpersonal relationships and social networking were reported but the data were too problematic to interpret with confidence. Much data was lost due to poor reporting or inappropriate use of scales. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Randomised studies have been proven to be possible in this field. The use of art therapy for serious mental illnesses should continue to be under evaluation as its benefits, or harms, are unclear.

title: Art therapy for @entity2 or XXXX -like illnesses.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals who sustain a low-energy @entity1 are at increased risk of sustaining a subsequent low-energy @entity1 . The incidence of these refractures may be reduced by secondary preventative measures, although justifying such interventions and evaluating their impact is difficult without substantive evidence of the severity of the refracture risk. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of sustaining another @entity1 following a low-energy @entity1 compared with the risk in an age and sex-matched reference population. METHODS: During the twelve-year period between January 1988 and December 1999, all inpatient and outpatient @entity1 -treatment events were prospectively audited in a trauma unit that is the sole source of @entity1 treatment for a well-defined local catchment population. During this time, 22,060 @entity0 at least forty-five years of age who had sustained a total of 22,494 low-energy @entity1 of the hip, wrist, proximal part of the humerus, or ankle were identified. All refracture events were linked to the index @entity1 in the database during the twelve-year period. The incidence of refracture in the cohort of @entity0 who had sustained a previous @entity1 was divided by the "background" incidence of index @entity1 within the same local population to obtain the relative risk of refracture. @entity0 -years at-risk methodology was used to control for the effect of the expected increase in mortality with advancing age. RESULTS: Within the cohort, 2913 @entity0 (13.2%) subsequently sustained a total of 3024 refractures during the twelve-year period. @entity0 with a previous low-energy @entity1 had a relative risk of 3.89 of sustaining a subsequent low-energy @entity1 . The relative risk was significantly increased for both sexes, but it was greater for @entity0 (relative risk = 5.55) than it was for @entity0 (relative risk = 2.94). The relative risk was 5.23 in the youngest age cohort ( @entity0 between forty-five and forty-nine years of age), and it decreased with increasing age to 1.20 in the oldest cohort ( @entity0 at least eighty-five years of age). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals who sustain a low-energy @entity1 between the ages of forty-five and eighty-four years have an increased relative risk of sustaining another low-energy @entity1 . This increased risk was greater when the index @entity1 occurred earlier in life; the risk decreased with advancing age. Secondary preventative measures designed to reduce the risk of refracture following a low-energy @entity1 are likely to have a greater impact on younger individuals.

title: Refractures in XXXX at least forty-five years old. a prospective analysis of twenty-two thousand and sixty @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity8 are @entity4 characterized by the triad of a growth advantage of clonal cells, disturbed differentiation and increased apoptosis. The rarity of these disorders in @entity0 and the lack of a widely accepted classification have contributed to the paucity of reports on these @entity1 in the pediatric literature. A number of significant advances have been achieved in recent years. The present review will focus on diagnostics and therapy. RECENT FINDINGS: International consensus has been achieved on classifying these disorders into three main groups; @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 of @entity3 (ML-DS) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ). In the last few years we have witnessed important advances, especially regarding the therapy of these disorders, and we have gained insights into the molecular pathogenesis of ML-DS and @entity9 . SUMMARY: Classification of myelodysplastic and @entity7 has been facilitated. Chemotherapy regimens for ML-DS have been reduced, resulting in fewer @entity2 and improved survival. The results of stem-cell transplantation for @entity5 and @entity9 have improved. Insight into the molecular mechanisms involved may open new therapeutic avenues.

title: @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thirty-three @entity0 with @entity2 underwent histomorphometric assessment of paired bone biopsy specimens at time of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and 4 months thereafter. At 4 months after OLT, bone metabolism improved, with bone formation increasing to normal and no change in bone resorption. Early post-transplant @entity3 may be attributed to an additional insult to bone formation early after transplantation. INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with advanced @entity2 , especially chronic @entity5 , often have @entity6 , which worsens early after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) before starting to recover. The changes in bone metabolism leading to this rapid loss of bone after OLT, and to its recovery, are poorly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In thirty-three @entity0 with advanced chronic @entity2 , @entity4 -labeled bone biopsy specimens were analyzed prospectively at time of OLT and at 4 months after OLT, as part of a randomized trial to study the efficacy of @entity1 on post-transplant @entity3 . Hierarchical cluster analysis of histomorphometric parameters was performed in an attempt to establish the functional grouping of individual histomorphometric parameters before and after OLT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that from the time of OLT to 4 months after OLT, bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and histomorphometric parameters of bone volume decreased, consistent with early post-transplant @entity3 . Histomorphometric resorption parameters were increased before OLT, with no change after OLT. Histomorphometric formation parameters increased from low values before OLT to normal values at 4 months after OLT, with the exception of mean wall thickness values, which further decreased after OLT, suggesting an additional insult to bone formation during the study period. Histomorphometric changes after OLT were similar in female and male @entity0 , pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 , and in @entity0 treated and not treated with calcitonin. Hierarchical cluster analysis suggested that before OLT, bone resorption was functioning independently of bone formation, but that by 4 months after OLT, their coupled relationship had improved. Therefore, despite post-transplant @entity3 , by 4 months after OLT, bone metabolism had improved, with increased bone formation and more coupled bone balance, as suggested by hierarchical cluster analysis.

title: Bone histomorphometric changes after liver transplantation for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 in the elderly is related to calcification of either a bicuspid valve or a morphologically normal tricuspid valve. There is increasing evidence that factors relating to @entity8 are involved in @entity4 and that it is an actively regulated process rather than a degenerative one. With severe @entity5 left @entity3 occurs, decreasing wall stress and supporting the left ventricular ejection fraction. However, with pathologic @entity12 there is a dropout of myocardial cells, @entity1 , and @entity2 . Eventually, symptoms of @entity10 , non-Q wave @entity6 , exertional @entity11 , and @entity7 occur. Once symptoms begin, the prognosis is poor, with @entity9 occurring in about one third of @entity0 who die. In the elderly, symptoms can be recognized very late in the course of the disease since they can be attributed to other problems and since the elderly @entity0 may have reduced physical activity to a minimum. The more comorbidities that exist, the greater the risk of valve replacement. Symptomatic @entity0 with severe @entity5 even over age 80 can be operated upon with a relatively low mortality and morbidity. In @entity0 over age 80, prolongation of life for any meaningful length of time is not as important as relief of symptoms and improvement in the quality of life. Thus, it is unlikely that any truly asymptomatic @entity0 over age 80, even with severe @entity5 , should be sent to surgery.

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the major regulator of granulopoiesis and acts through binding to its specific receptor ( @entity5 ) on neutrophilic granulocytes. Previous studies of signaling from the 4 @entity5 cytoplasmic @entity1 residues used model cell lines that may have idiosyncratic, nonphysiological responses. This study aimed to identify specific signals transmitted by the receptor @entity1 residues in primary myeloid cells. To bypass the presence of endogenous @entity5 , a chimeric receptor containing the extracellular domain of the @entity3 in place of the entire extracellular domain of the @entity5 was used. A series of chimeric receptors containing @entity1 mutations to @entity2 , either individually or collectively, was constructed and expressed in primary bone marrow cells from @entity6 -deficient @entity0 . Proliferation and differentiation responses of receptor-expressing bone marrow cells stimulated by epidermal growth factor were measured. An increased 50% effective concentration to stimulus of the receptor Y(null) mutant indicated that specific signals from @entity1 residues were required for cell proliferation, particularly at low concentrations of stimulus. Impaired responses by mutant receptors implicated @entity5 Y(764) in cell proliferation and Y(729) in granulocyte differentiation signaling. In addition, different sensitivities to ligand stimulation between mutant receptors indicated that @entity5 Y(744) and possibly Y(729) have an inhibitory role in cell proliferation. STAT activation was not affected by @entity1 mutations, whereas @entity4 activation appeared to depend, at least in part, on Y(764). These observations have suggested novel roles for the @entity5 @entity1 residues in primary cells that were not observed previously in studies in cell lines.

title: XXXX residues of the @entity6 receptor transmit proliferation and differentiation signals in @entity0 bone marrow cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Conventional chemotherapy is ineffective in the majority of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and monoclonal antibodies recognising @entity2 expressed on myeloid progenitors (e.g. @entity5 (GO)) have been reported to improve outcome in @entity0 with @entity4 . Reports of excess @entity1 have resulted in GO's licence being withdrawn. As a result, the role of these agents remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis included studies of @entity0 with @entity4 who had entered a randomised control trial (RCT), where one arm included anti- @entity2 antibody therapy. Fixed effect meta-analysis was used, involving calculation of observed minus expected number of events, and variance for each endpoint in each trial, with the overall treatment effect expressed as Peto's odds ratio with 95  % confidence interval. Meta-analysis of 11 RCTs with 13 randomisations involving GO was undertaken. Although GO increased induction deaths (p   =   0.02), it led to a reduction in resistant disease (p   =   0.0009); hence, there was no improvement in complete remission. Whilst GO improved relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.90, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.84-0.98, p   =   0.01), there was no overall benefit of GO in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (HR   =   0.96, 95  % CI   =   0.90-1.02, p   =   0.2). GO improved @entity3 in @entity0 with favourable cytogenetics, with no evidence of benefit in @entity0 with intermediate or adverse cytogenetics (test for heterogeneity between subtotals p   =   0.01). GO has a potent clinically detectable anti-leukaemic effect. Further trials to investigate its optimum delivery and identification of @entity0 populations who may benefit are needed.

title: Mylotarg has potent anti-leukaemic effect: a systematic review and meta-analysis of anti- @entity2 antibody treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ofatumumab is a human anti- @entity5 monoclonal antibody that has proven efficacy as monotherapy in refractory @entity6 . We assessed the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab maintenance treatment versus observation for @entity0 in remission after re-induction treatment for relapsed @entity6 . METHODS: This open-label, multicentre, randomised phase 3 study enrolled @entity0 aged 18 years or older from 130 centres in 24 countries who had @entity6 in complete or partial remission after second-line or third-line treatment. Eligible @entity0 had a WHO performance status of 0-2, had a response assessment within the previous 3 months, did not have refractory disease, autoimmune @entity3 requiring treatment, chronic or active infection requiring treatment, and had not previously received maintenance treatment or autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplant. Using a randomisation list generated by a central computerised system and an interactive voice recognition system, we randomly assigned (1:1) @entity0 to receive ofatumumab (300 mg followed by 1000 mg 1 week later and every 8 weeks for up to 2 years) or undergo observation. Randomisation was stratified by number and type of previous treatment and remission status after induction treatment (block size of four). Treatment assignment was open label. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. We report the results of a prespecified interim analysis after two-thirds of the planned study events (disease progression or @entity1 ) had happened. This trial is closed to accrual but follow-up is ongoing. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00802737. FINDINGS: Between May 6, 2010, and June 19, 2014, we enrolled 474 @entity0 : 238 @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive ofatumumab maintenance treatment and 236 to undergo observation. One (<1%) @entity0 in the ofatumumab group did not receive the allocated intervention (withdrawal of consent). The median follow-up was 19  1 months (IQR 10  3-28  8). Progression-free survival was improved in @entity0 assigned to the ofatumumab group (29  4 months, 95% CI 26  2-34  2) compared with those assigned to observation (15  2 months, 11  8-18  8; hazard ratio 0  50, 95% CI 0  38-0  66; p<0  0001). The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events up to 60 days after last treatment were @entity4 (56 [24%] of 237 @entity0 in the ofatumumab group vs 23 [10%] of 237 in the observation group) and @entity2 (31 [13%] vs 20 [8%]). 20 (8%) of 237 @entity0 in the ofatumumab group and three (1%) of 237 @entity0 in the observation group had adverse events that led to permanent discontinuation of treatment. Up to 60 days after last treatment, two deaths related to adverse events occurred in the ofatumumab treatment group and five deaths related to adverse events occurred in the observation group; no deaths were attributed to the study drug. INTERPRETATION: These data are important for the development of optimum maintenance strategies in @entity0 with relapsed @entity6 , notably in the present era of targeted drugs, many of which are to be used until progression.

title: Ofatumumab maintenance versus observation in relapsed XXXX (PROLONG): an open-label, multicentre, randomised phase 3 study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rurally situated African Americans suffer from stress and drug-related health disparities. Unfortunately, research on potential mechanisms that underlie this public health problem have received limited focus in the scientific literature. This study investigated the effects of perceived stress, @entity1 consumption, and genotype on the @entity4 . METHODS: A rural sample of African American emerging adults (n = 84) completed a battery of assessments and provided six samples of salivary @entity2 at wakeup, 30 min post wakeup, 90 min post wakeup, 3:00 PM, 3:30 PM, and 4:30 PM. RESULTS: @entity0 with a TT genotype of the @entity5 ( @entity6 ) gene tended to produce the most basal @entity2 throughout the day while @entity0 with a CC genotype produced the least amount. Increased levels of perceived stress or @entity1 consumption were associated with a blunted @entity2 awakening response (CAR). Moreover, the CAR was obliterated for @entity0 who reported both higher stress and @entity1 consumption. CONCLUSION: Perceived stress and @entity1 consumption had a deleterious effect on the @entity4 . Furthermore, genotype predicted level of @entity2 production throughout the day. These findings support the need to further investigate the relationship between @entity3 , drug-use vulnerability, and associated health disparities that affect this community.

title: The relationship between @entity1 consumption, perceived stress, and @entity5 genotype on the XXXX in rural African Americans.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To put the insight into the @entity2 ( @entity3 )-induced effect on the differential expression of subcellular proteins in @entity0 normal liver cell line (L-02). METHODS: The membrane proteins and nuclear proteins of @entity3 -treated (8.0 mmol/L) group and controls were extracted by subcellular proteome extraction kit, respectively. The @entity3 -induced differentially expressions were analyzed by a two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the biological processes and predict transmembrane domains of differential expressed proteins. The expression of @entity1 synthase subunit beta ( @entity4 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and far up steam element-binding protein 1 ( @entity6 ) were measured under @entity3 treatment by Western blot. RESULTS: After @entity3 treatment for 24 h in L-02 cells, 14 membrane proteins and 18 nuclear proteins were identified as differential expression. After treated with @entity3 in concentrations of 0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mmol/L for 24 h, the relative levels of @entity4 expression were 1.00  0.03, 1.21  0.14, 1.25  0.12 and 1.48  0.17 (F = 8.51, P = 0.007), the relative levels of @entity5 expression were 1.00  0.09, 1.22  0.15, 1.43  0.21, 1.53  0.17 (F = 6.57, P = 0.015), respectively; the relative levels of @entity6 expression were 1.00  0.11, 0.91  0.07, 0.73  0.04 and 0.67  0.03 (F = 15.81, P = 0.001), respectively, which were consistent with the results in proteomics. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the most dominant biological process were involved in RNA processing (10 proteins, P = 2.46*10(-6)), especially in RNA splicing (9 proteins, P = 1.77*10(-7)). CONCLUSION: The exposure of @entity3 could alter the expression of membrane proteins and nuclear proteins in L-02 cells. These abnormal expressed proteins involved in RNA splicing would provide novel clues for further understanding of @entity3 -induced hepatotoxicity.

title: [Investigation of XXXX -induced effects on subcellular proteomes in L-02 hepatic cells].

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. @entity4 (PF), isolated from the paeony root, is reported to have immunoregulatory, neuromuscular blocking, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycaemic and antihypotensive effects. 2. The present study investigated the antiproliferative activity of PF. The results showed that PF inhibited the proliferation of A549 by blocking cell cycle progression in the G(0)/G(1) phase and inducing apoptosis. 3. An ELISA showed that G(0)/G(1) phase arrest may be due to @entity1 -independent induction of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Increased protein expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and its two ligands, membrane-bound @entity0 and soluble @entity0 , may be responsible for the PF-induced apoptosis. 4. This is the first study to show that the induction of @entity2 / @entity2 and the activity of the Fas/ @entity0 apoptotic system may participate in the antiproliferative activity of PF in A549 cells.

title: Antiproliferative activity of @entity4 is through cell cycle arrest and the Fas/ XXXX -mediated apoptotic pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Systemic chemotherapies for advanced or metastatic @entity4 have been of only limited effectiveness. For @entity0 with differentiated or @entity3 unresponsive to conventional treatments, novel therapies are needed to improve disease outcomes. Multiple novel therapies primarily targeting angiogenesis have entered clinical trials for metastatic @entity4 . Partial response rates up to 30% have been reported in single-agent studies, but prolonged disease stabilization is more commonly observed. The most successful agents target the @entity2 receptors, with potential targets including the mutant kinases associated with papillary and medullary oncogenesis. Two drugs approved for other @entity1 , @entity7 and @entity6 , have had promising preliminary results reported, and are being used selectively for @entity0 who do not qualify for clinical trials. At least one randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial has been successfully completed, showing improved progression-free survival in @entity0 with advanced or metastatic @entity4 treated with @entity8 . Randomized trials for other agents are currently underway. Treatment for @entity0 with metastatic or advanced @entity4 now emphasizes clinical trial opportunities for novel agents with considerable promise. Alternative options now exist for use of @entity5 kinase inhibitors that are well tolerated and may prove worthy of regulatory approval for this disease.

title: Targeted therapies for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Primary systemic treatment of @entity0 with cytotoxics yields a high response rate and allows conservative surgical procedures in bulky @entity2 . In order to maximise local control of disease, two innovations were introduced in a pilot study. The first was to identify the good responders after three cycles of chemotherapy and to treat them with three additional cycles. The second was to also give this group of @entity1 a full dose of radiotherapy before surgery with the aim of verifying the rate of pathological complete remissions in view of a possible treatment of breast primary with chemoradiotherapy only. @entity1 were treated with @entity5 60 mg/m2 and @entity6 , 600 mg/m2 both intravenously on day 1, every 21 days for three courses. Partial or complete responders received three more courses followed by radiotherapy (50 Gy plus a 10 Gy boost). The others underwent immediate surgery. A total of 32 @entity1 (median age, 50 years; range 28-69 years); performance status, 0-1; T2 22, T3 8, T4 2) were enrolled and were evaluable for response and side-effects. 9 @entity1 had only three cycles of chemotherapy due to absence of response and 23 @entity1 had six cycles of chemotherapy. Overall, 7 @entity1 had a complete remission, 16 a partial remission and 9 had stable disease, for an overall response rate of 72% (95% confidence interval 53-86%). In the group of @entity1 that completed the programme, two complete pathological remissions were observed and 5 @entity1 had only microfoci of @entity2 . No toxic death or grade III-IV @entity4 were observed. Mild or moderate side-effects included @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity8 . In conclusion, our results indicate that the addition of radiotherapy to pre-operative chemotherapy did not significantly enhance the incidence of pathological complete remissions. New primary treatment approaches should be explored in this subset of @entity1 in order to improve outcome.

title: Pre-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is an @entity2 or infection of the external auditory canal (EAC), the auricle, or both this condition has been reported to be found in all age groups. The aims and objectives were, study/determine the prevalence of @entity9 in the specialist otolaryngology clinic in National Ear Care Center Kaduna, study the pattern of presentation among @entity0 with @entity7 externa in the specialist otolaryngology clinic in National Ear Care Center Kaduna, and evaluate the choice of drug treatment for @entity7 externa in the specialist otolaryngology clinic in National Ear Care Center Kaduna. METHODS: Data of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity7 externa between January 2009 and March 2013 were extracted from the recorded cases of @entity6 seen within the same period. The ages, sex/ gender, complains(symptoms), duration of symptoms, clinical examination findings, diagnosis, mode of drug treatment, number of visits and complication records were extracted from the case notes of the @entity0 and analyzed descriptively using SPSS (Statistical package for Social Sciences) version. RESULTS: Out of 13,328 cases of @entity6 seen within the period under review, 133 cases were diagnosed with @entity7 externa across all age groups. Hospital prevalence stands at 1.0%. There were 81(60.9%) males and 52(39.1%) females in ratio 1.5:1. @entity0 age 0-15 constitute 55(41.3%) while young adults and adults were 78(58.6%). The minimum age at presentation was one year, while maximum age was 64 years. Mean age was 24 years with a standard deviation of    1.12 Years. Ear @entity4 as only presenting symptom was the major complain found in this study accounting for 68(51.1%). @entity9 was the commonest diagnosis accounting for 101(75.9%) and associated clinical findings ranging from tragal tenderness, hyperaemia and @entity1 of ear canal in 57 (54.9%). Ear swab was not routinely done and only 6(15.8%) of the discharging ears had microscopy done and the organisms were Pseudomonas spp and @entity8 . Empirical treatment was the commonest treatment modality and about 91% of the @entity0 had complete symptom resolution by second visit. Complication was observed in only one case of @entity3 who was retro-viral positive. CONCLUSION: @entity9 accounted for small fraction of cases seen in our clinic (1%). @entity9 is the commonest diagnosis made with symptoms ranging from @entity4 , ear discharge, @entity5 and itchiness. Most @entity0 were treated empirically with significant success within first two visits. No major complication was recorded within the period under study.

title: Pattern of XXXX externa in Kaduna Nigeria.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine contemporary trends in @entity1 care and geographic variation of end-of-life care @entity2 among Medicare beneficiaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data, we identified 132,051 beneficiaries who died as a result of @entity1 in 2006-2011. @entity2 of end-of-life care was measured by chemotherapy received within 14days of @entity3 , >1 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) visit within 30days of @entity3 , >1 hospitalization within 30days of @entity3 , >= 1 intensive care unit (ICU) admission within 30days of @entity3 , in-hospital @entity3 , or hospice enrollment  <=3days before @entity3 . Using hierarchical generalized linear models, we assessed potentially aggressive end-of-life care adjusting for @entity0 demographics, @entity1 characteristics, and hospital referral region (HRR)-level market factors. RESULTS: The proportion of beneficiaries receiving at least one potentially aggressive end-of-life intervention increased from 48.6% in 2006 to 50.5% in 2011 (P<.001). From 2006 to 2011, increases were apparent in repeated hospitalization (14.1% vs. 14.8%; P=.01), repeated @entity4 visits (34.3% vs. 36.6%; P<.001), ICU admissions (16.2% vs. 21.3%; P<.001), and late hospice enrollment (11.2% vs. 12.9%; P<.001), whereas in-hospital @entity3 declined (23.5% vs. 20.9%; P<.001). End-of-life chemotherapy use (4.4% vs. 4.5%) did not change significantly over time (P=.12). The use of potentially aggressive end-of-life care varied substantially across HRRs, ranging from 40.3% to 58.3%. Few HRRs had a decrease in aggressive end-of-life care during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Despite growing focus on providing appropriate end-of-life care, there has not been an improvement in @entity1 care in the Medicare program.

title: XXXX care in the Medicare program.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the association of a @entity2 protocol (MMPC) and reduced hospital stay after open abdominal hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a comparison of a prospective cohort with a retrospective historical control. We enrolled @entity4 @entity0 undergoing open abdominal hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy by the same surgeon. Control @entity0 from 2008 to 2010 who received morphine PCA alone were compared with a similar demographic group of @entity0 from 2011 to 2013 who received MMPC. MMPC consisted of gabapentin (900mg PO) and acetaminophen (1g IV) administered 45-60min preoperatively. The surgical site was injected with bupivacaine with 0.5% epinephrine prior to incision. The @entity3 control regimen consisted of gabapentin (300mg PO every 6h), acetaminophen (1g IV every 8h for 24h postoperatively), ketorolac (15mg IV every 6h for 48h postoperatively), morphine PCA (2mg IV every 10min, no basal rate) and oxycodone/acetaminophen (10/325mg PO every 6h as needed). RESULTS: Length of hospital stay (LOH) of the study cohort (N=105 with MMPC) was compared with the historical with postoperative morphine alone (N=113 without MMPC). There were no differences in demographic, uterine @entity1 stage, or comorbidities between the two arms. The LOH was 1.6 days for @entity0 receiving MMPC and 3.3 days for @entity0 who received morphine alone (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity2 control is associated with significantly reduced hospital stay after open abdominal hysterectomy.

title: XXXX control is associated with reduced hospital stay following open abdominal hysterectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: @entity4 is a common problem in @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity1 , or @entity6 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of @entity9 with an abnormal coronary artery @entity7 score (CAC score). METHODS: This study considered a cohort of @entity0 >= 18 years of age with normal ejection fraction who were admitted to the hospital with @entity8 . All @entity0 underwent regadenoson myocardial perfusion stress imaging and had no evidence of @entity3 or @entity11 . @entity0 then underwent cardiac CT for measurement of CAC score. @entity0 were excluded if they had prior history of @entity6 , ECG findings diagnostic of an @entity10 , an elevated troponin level, or hemodynamic instability. RESULTS: A total of 114 @entity0 were included and 52 (45.6%) @entity0 had echocardiographic evidence of @entity4 . @entity0 with @entity4 were more likely to have an abnormal @entity7 score (79.6% vs 20%; OR 15.10, 95% CI 5.70 to 43.85; p   0.001). In multivariable analysis, the presence of @entity4 on echocardiogram was significantly associated with an abnormal @entity7 score (OR 13.82, 95% CI 5.57 to 37.37; p   0.001) after adjusting for Framingham Risk Score or clinical risk factors (age, gender, @entity1 , @entity12 , and @entity2 ; OR 19.06,95% CI 4.66 to 107.97; p   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity9 is associated with an abnormal CAC score even after adjusting for Framingham Risk Score or clinical risk factors. @entity0 without known @entity6 that present with @entity8 and have normal perfusion imaging with evidence of abnormal diastolic function on echocardiogram may warrant more thorough evaluation for @entity6 with CAC score assessment.

title: Association of XXXX with Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Burden Using Coronary Artery @entity7 Scoring.

answer: @entity9


abstract: An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/ MS) method for the residue determination of @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity6 in modified milk was established. The modified milk samples were extracted and their protein precipitated with water (containing 1% (v/v) @entity1 ) and @entity0 . Then they were purified with an HLB solid phase extraction cartridge. The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8   m) with a gradient system of water (containing 0.1% (v/v) @entity4 ) and @entity2 as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, and detected by the MS in ESI+ mode. Standard curves were drawn by using matrix standard addition method, and the external standard method was used for quantitative analysis. The limits of quantification were 1   g/kg. The calibration curves for the three sulfa drugs were linear in the mass concentration range of 1-100   g/L with R2 >=  0.998. The recoveries at the levels of 1, 2, 10   g/kg fortified samples ranged from 76.5% to 101.9% with the relative standard deviations of 1.2%-12.4%. The method is simple, rapid, accurate, and its performance can meet the requirements of the domestic and international legislations. It is suitable for the detection of @entity5 residues in modified milk.

title: [Simultaneous determination of three XXXX residues in modified milk by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study cases of @entity3 by tumbu @entity1 (Cordylobia anthropophaga) among Pakistani troops in Sierra Leone, Africa. DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Pakistani troops in Sierra Leone, Africa. The duration of the study was 1 year, from July 2001 to August 2002. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and forty-eight cases of @entity3 were observed among Pakistani soldiers. All the @entity0 were male. The lesions were treated by removal of the larva followed by twice daily application of an antibacterial ointment. The extraction was done by injecting 2% @entity2 over the base of the nodule. Care was exercised in not damaging the larva while extracting. RESULTS: The ages were from 22 to 43 years. Mean age was 29.42 years. The @entity0 presented with a solitary lesion (178 out of total 248 cases, 71.8%) or multiple lesions (70 out of 248 cases, 28.2%). The lesions were almost always on the non-exposed parts of the body (239 cases out of total 248 cases, 96.37%). One case presented with a lesion on the face and 8 cases had lesions over dorsum of hands or feet. CONCLUSION: This disease is common in tropical Africa. The knowledge of the disease, its management and prevention is necessary for all the individuals who are planning to visit tropical Africa.

title: @entity3 by tumbu XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interactions between @entity6 and @entity1 regulating systems are poorly characterized but clinically important. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) levels are increased shortly after @entity7 treatment by an unknown mechanism, and this effect is blunted by the previous administration of a calcimimetic in animal studies. Here, we explored further the possible underlying mechanisms of this observation in a randomized crossover placebo-controlled study performed in 18 @entity0 males. Volunteers took either @entity9 (60  mg) or placebo and received a 20  mg @entity7 injection 3  h later. Plasma samples were collected at 15-min intervals and analyzed for intact @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity10 , plasma @entity3 activity (PRA), and @entity5 up to 6  h after @entity7 injection. Urinary electrolyte excretion was also monitored. Subjects under placebo presented a sharp increase in @entity2 levels after @entity7 injection. In the presence of @entity9 , @entity2 levels were suppressed and marginal increase of @entity2 was observed. No significant changes in electrolytes and urinary excretion were identified that could explain the @entity7 -induced increase in @entity2 levels. PRA and @entity5 were stimulated by @entity7 injection but were not affected by previous @entity9 ingestion. Expression of @entity11 , but not @entity12 , was found in parathyroid tissue. In conclusion, our results indicate that @entity7 acutely stimulates @entity2 secretion in the absence of any detectable electrolyte changes in healthy adults. A possible direct effect of @entity7 on parathyroid gland needs further studies.

title: @entity7 stimulation of parathormone in @entity0 : role of the XXXX -sensing receptor and the @entity3 -angiotensin system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently, expression of the @entity4 gene was found to be up-regulated in numerous @entity1 , including the @entity2 ( @entity3 ). OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine if the expression levels of @entity4 gene correlates with the major pathological characteristics of the @entity1 and @entity0 ' clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, we have analyzed the tissue samples derived from group of 70 @entity0 with histologically confirmed @entity3 of the urinary bladder, while normal urinary bladder mucosa obtained from 40 @entity0 with nonmalignant diseases was used as a negative control group. Expression of @entity4 gene in each @entity0 sample was determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity4 gene expression was found to be app. 2.5 times higher in samples from @entity0 with @entity3 in comparison with normal epithelium derived from control group @entity0 . Analysis show that gene expression correlates with the @entity1 . A highly significant differences were found between the expression values of samples from low and high grade @entity3 , as well as between the high grade and control group. @entity4 expression was higher in @entity0 with non-muscle invasive disease than in those with muscle invasive disease. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study indicates that @entity4 gene expression levels correlates with the major pathological characteristics of @entity3 samples and with the clinical outcome of those @entity0 . Determination of @entity4 gene expression could have a potential to be used as a sensitive molecular marker in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Overexpression of @entity4 gene correlates with the major clinicopathological parameters in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a diagnosis made using clinical, laboratory, and histologic parameters. Aberrant @entity5 and/or @entity4 expression on mast cells provides one minor criterion for a diagnosis of @entity1 . To validate a tube ( @entity2 / @entity3 / @entity5 / @entity4 ) for mast cell evaluation, we performed flow cytometry (FC) on residual material from marrow aspirates samples submitted to the hematopathology laboratory. METHODS: Samples evaluated (n=98) had no clinical or morphologic suspicion for @entity1 . Samples were excluded if there was history of a myeloid stem cell @entity0 . Ten documented cases of @entity1 were evaluated for comparison. RESULTS: Among cases without history of @entity1 , 17.3% (n=17) showed expression of @entity5 and/or @entity4 on >= 10% of the mast cell population ( @entity4 alone in 14 cases, @entity5 alone in 2 cases, both in one case), while 82.6% (n=81) showed no expression of these antigens. The percentage of mast cells showing aberrant @entity5 and/or @entity4 expression respectively ranged from 12.1%-98.8% and 22.2%-95.7% Interestingly, all of the cases with evidence of aberrant antigen expression on mast cells were collected post-therapy while 22.1% of the negative samples were collected pre-therapy. A cut-off of 60% @entity4 expression on mast cells identified all cases of @entity1 while minimizing false positives. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that aberrant expression of @entity5 and/or @entity4 may be seen on mast cells outside of the setting of @entity1 . The data suggests that this phenomenon may be seen more commonly following chemotherapy and that FC of mast cells should be interpreted with caution in the post-chemotherapy setting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Expression of @entity5 and XXXX on mast cell populations can be seen outside the setting of systemic mastocytosis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are varying, often conflicting, reports with respect to altered striatal volume and morphometry in the major @entity4 due to the influences of antipsychotic medications on striatal volume. Thus, disassociating disease effects from those of medication become exceedingly difficult. For the first time, using a longitudinally studied sample of structural magnetic resonance images from @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ; neurobiologically contiguous with the adult onset form of @entity2 ), their nonpsychotic siblings (COSSIBs), and novel shape mapping algorithms that are volume independent, we report the familial contribution of striatal morphology in @entity2 . The results of our volumetric analyses demonstrate age-related increases in overall striatal volumes specific only to @entity5 . However, both @entity5 and COSSIBs showed overlapping shape differences in the striatal head, which normalized in COSSIBs by late adolescence. These results mirror previous studies from our group, demonstrating @entity1 in @entity5 and COSSIBs as these deficits normalize in COSSIBs in the same age range as our striatal findings. Finally, there is a single region of nonoverlapping outward displacement in the dorsal aspect of the caudate body, potentially indicative of a response to medication. Striatal shape may be considered complimentary to volume as an endophenotype, and, in some cases may provide information that is not detectable using standard volumetric techniques. Our striatal shape findings demonstrate the striking localization of abnormalities in striatal the head. The neuroanatomical localization of these findings suggest the presence of @entity3 in @entity2 and resilience mechanisms in COSSIBs with age dependent normalization. Hum Brain Mapp, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity3 as novel neurodevelopmental endophenotypes in XXXX : A longitudinal study.

answer: @entity2