abstract: A total of seventeen @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), nineteen HCCs, who underwent as an initial treatment transcatheter hepatic segmental or subsegmental arterial administration of SMANCS alone for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), were studied to evaluate the efficacy and complication of that treatment. The initial treatments provided CR in eight @entity0 (47%), and repeat administrations of SMANCS achieved CR in an additional four @entity0 (24%). The initial treatment provided a dense deposit of @entity6 in the twelve @entity1 (63%), in five of which @entity6 was thereafter washed out in some portions of the @entity1 . Complete @entity2 was obtained in nine (75%) of fourteen hypervascular @entity1 , and in two (40%) of five intermediately vascular or @entity1 . Segmental or subsegmental administration of SMANCS was well tolerated with self-controlled abdominal @entity4 well responding to medication. Ascites was seen in three cases, and @entity5 of the segment infused occurred in five @entity0 . Cholinesterase significantly reduced at one week and one month, then recovered to baseline two to three months after initial treatment. The cumulative survival rates were 77% at 1 year, 66% at 2 years, and 53% at 5 years in the whole @entity0 . The survival rate was 100% at 5 years in the @entity0 A group. In the @entity0 who obtained CR using SMANCS alone, the survival rates were 89% at 1 year, 74% at 2 years and 56% at 5 years. Although this method may transiently deteriorate hepatic function, segmental or subsegmental administration of SMANCS may be an excellent therapeutic method for treatment of @entity3 and promising for use in properly selected @entity0 .

title: [Evaluation of transcatheter hepatic segmental or subsegmental infusion of SMANCS for treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Blast @entity2 (bTBI) has been shown to contribute to progressive @entity4 . Recent evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a mechanistic link between acute neurotrauma and progressive @entity8 . We propose that ER stress contributes to extensive behavioral changes associated with a @entity7 ( @entity7 )-like phenotype. Targeting ER stress is a promising option for the treatment of neurotrauma-related @entity4 , which warrants investigation. Utilizing our validated and clinically relevant Sprague-Dawley blast model, we investigated a time course of mechanistic changes that occur following bTBI (50 psi) including: ER stress activation, @entity1 -mediated @entity3 , and @entity8 via Western blot and immunohistochemistry. These changes were associated with behavioral alterations measured by the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Morris Water Maze (MWM). Following characterization, salubrinal, an ER stress modulator, was given at a concentration of 1   mg/kg post-blast, and its mechanism of action was determined in vitro. bTBI significantly increased markers of @entity0 of the left hemisphere: p- @entity6 and p- @entity9 at 30   min, p-T205 tau at 6   h, and @entity1 at 24   h. bTBI animals spent more time immobile on the FST at 72   h and more time in the open arm of the EPM at 7 days. Further, bTBI caused a significant @entity5 measured with MWM at 21 days post-blast, with persistent tau changes. Salubrinal successfully reduced ER stress markers in vivo and in vitro while significantly improving performance on the EPM. bTBI causes robust biochemical changes that contribute to @entity4 , but these changes may be targeted with ER stress modulators.

title: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Modulation as a Target for Ameliorating Effects of Blast Induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) seems to be associated with improved oncological outcomes compared with 'conventional' surgery, but there is a potential for higher morbidity. METHODS: Data for @entity0 after elective resection at the four centres in the Capital Region of Denmark (June 2008 to December 2013) were retrieved from the Danish @entity1 Group database and medical charts. Approval from a Danish ethics committee was not required (retrospective study). RESULTS: Some 529 @entity0 who underwent CME surgery at one centre were compared with 1701 @entity0 undergoing 'conventional' resection at the other three hospitals. Laparoscopic CME was performed in 258 (48  8 per cent) and laparoscopic 'conventional' resection in 1172 (68  9 per cent). More extended right colectomy procedures were done in the CME group (17  4 versus 3  6 per cent). The 90-day mortality rate in the CME group was 6  2 per cent versus 4  9 per cent in the 'conventional' group (P   =   0  219), with a propensity score-adjusted logistic regression odds ratio (OR) of 1  22 (95 per cent c.i. 0  79 to 1  87). Laparoscopic surgery was associated with a lower risk of mortality at 90   days (OR 0  63, 0  42 to 0  95). @entity6 to other organs was more common in CME operations (9  1 per cent versus 3  6 per cent for 'conventional' resection; P   <   0  001), including more @entity7 (3  2 versus 1  2 per cent; P   =   0  004) and superior mesenteric vein (1  7 versus 0  2 per cent; P   <   0  001) injuries. Rates of @entity2 with vasopressor requirement (6  6 versus 3  2 per cent; P   =   0  001) and @entity5 (8  1 versus 3  4 per cent; P   <   0  001) were higher in the CME group. CONCLUSION: CME is associated with more intraoperative organ injuries and severe @entity3 than 'conventional' resection for @entity4 .

title: Short-term outcomes after complete mesocolic excision compared with 'conventional' XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. The behaviour of the potent vasoconstrictive endothelium-derived peptide @entity4 was evaluated in salt-sensitive @entity2 . 2. Circulating and urinary @entity4 levels were evaluated in 30 @entity0 (mean age 44.6 +/- 3.1 years) with uncomplicated essential @entity2 after three consecutive 2-week periods on an intermediate (120 mmol), low (20 mmol) and high (240 mmol) @entity3 diet. On the same occasions, blood pressure was measured to identify salt-sensitive @entity0 (n = 16), i.e. those @entity0 showing a mean blood pressure increase > 10 mmHg when switching from a low to a high @entity3 diet, and salt-resistant @entity0 (n = 14), i.e. those who did not show such mean blood-pressure variations. 3. Plasma @entity4 levels were higher (P < 0.005) in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant @entity2 @entity0 after intermediate-, low- and high- @entity3 diets. Urinary @entity4 excretion was similar in both groups after an intermediate- @entity3 diet, whereas it was significantly higher in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant @entity2 subjects after low (P < 0.002) and high (P < 0.007) @entity3 diets. High @entity3 intake induced a significant increase in plasma @entity4 levels (P < 0.002) as compared with intermediate and low @entity3 diet levels in salt-sensitive @entity0 , but did not in salt-resistant subjects. No significant @entity3 intake-related variations of urinary @entity4 excretion were observed in either group. 4. Salt-sensitive @entity2 are characterized by increased levels of @entity4 in both plasma and urine. This fact suggests that blood-pressure sensitivity to @entity3 intake could be associated with an increased risk of developing both @entity1 .

title: Elevated plasma and urinary endothelin-I levels in XXXX salt-sensitive @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Studies on the rate of efflux from the isolated perfused @entity0 heart of plasma albumin conjugated with Evans Blue showed the conjugate to have penetrated extensively the extravascular compartment of the organ during a period of 2 min. This was confirmed by direct analysis of hearts for Evans Blue after perfusion.2. Exposure of the hearts to Evans Blue-albumin conjugate for 8 min in vivo showed no significant penetration of the interstitial space.3. With the isolated preparation inclusion of @entity2 in the perfusing medium significantly diminished the rate of penetration of the extravascular compartment by the conjugate as did injection of the animals with either reserpine 2 days before, or @entity5 immediately before the experiment.4. Penetration of the interstitial compartment in vivo could be induced by repeated @entity1 . This penetration could also be diminished by @entity2 but was not influenced by @entity3 . The increased permeability of capillaries to plasma proteins can be readily demonstrated in the whole animal by detecting the leakage from the vasculature of the plasma proteins conjugated with a dye (Menkin _ Menkin, 1930; Miles _ Miles, 1952). Evans Blue, which has been widely used as a vascular marker because of the stability of its conjugate with plasma albumin, is the most suitable dye for this purpose. In the present work this method has been applied to the isolated @entity0 heart, to determine if changes in capillary permeability occur in the perfused tissue. When plasma albumin conjugated with @entity6 was used as a vascular marker in this preparation, its rate of clearance was very much less than that of erythrocytes, and the amount contained in the heart corresponded to a space approaching that occupied by extracellular markers such as @entity4 and inulin. It was concluded, therefore, that there was a failure of a considerable number of the cardiac capillaries to retain the plasma albumin, and subsequent work was directed towards the identification of the condition that gives rise to these changes and the possible involvement of a permeability factor.A preliminary account of part of this work was given to the Physiologcal Society (Sutherland _ Young, 1961).

title: Increased permeability of the capillaries of the XXXX heart to plasma albumin with @entity1 and with perfusion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To evaluate the feasibility of @entity10 plus @entity6 (AP) following chemoradiotherapy for limited-disease @entity1 , chemo-na  ve @entity0 aged 20-70 years with a performance status of 0 or 1 and normal organ functions were treated with @entity9 100 mg/m(2) on days 1-3, @entity6 80 mg/m(2) on day 1 and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy at 45 Gy/30 fractions (EP-TRT), followed by three cycles of @entity10 40 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 and @entity6 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 3 weeks. The EP-TRT could be completed in 21 @entity0 (15 male and 6 female @entity0 with a median age of 62 years). Of these, 2, 1 and 18 (86%) @entity0 received one, two and three cycles of AP, respectively. Sixteen (76%) @entity0 required @entity7 ( @entity7 ) support. Grade 3/4 @entity8 occurred in all @entity0 . Grade 3 @entity8 was observed in 9 @entity0 , lasting for 1 day in 5 @entity0 . The incidences of grade 3/4 @entity5 and @entity3 were 43 and 24%, respectively. Grade 3 @entity2 and @entity4 occurred in 2 and 3 @entity0 , respectively. The response rate was 95%. The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) progression-free survival (PFS) was 41.9 (0-102) months, and the 5-year PFS rate (CI) was 41.9% (20.4-63.4%). The median overall survival (OS) has not been reached yet, and the 5-year OS rate (CI) was 57.8% (35.2-80.4%). In conclusion, EP-TRT followed by AP therapy was well-tolerated, although a large number of @entity0 required @entity7 support.

title: Feasibility study of chemoradiotherapy followed by @entity10 and @entity6 for limited-disease XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Bortezomib, @entity2 and @entity3 can be aimed at treating @entity0 with newly diagnosed multiple @entity1 (both eligible and ineligible for transplantation) as well as those with relapsed or refractory disease. This review analysed the available clinical and economic data on these three drugs. Irrespective of which of the three agents is considered, the magnitude of the benefit in newly diagnosed cases (transplanted or non-transplanted) tends to be between 10 and 20 months per @entity0 in terms of progression-free survival or survival; the survival benefit is smaller in relapsed or refractory disease. In addition, a single-institution observational analysis evaluated the outcomes in nearly 3000 consecutive @entity0 examined between 1971 and 2006. The survival in @entity0 diagnosed between 2001 and 2006 was longer than that observed in @entity0 diagnosed between 1994 and 2000. This finding supports the conclusion that novel agents provide a survival improvement compared with traditional therapy. Formal cost-effectiveness studies on these three agents are still lacking. A MEDLINE search retrieved only four short papers or letters and no full-length analysis. Hence, the cost effectiveness of these agents needs further investigation, with separate assessments of the different therapeutic settings. In a simplified analysis, we tried to contrast the average cost of treatment for each of the novel agents versus their respective benefit, expressed in quality-adjusted survival. Despite its preliminary nature, our assessment indicates that the cost effectiveness of these three agents is likely to be within commonly accepted pharmacoeconomic thresholds.

title: The role of bortezomib, XXXX and @entity3 in the management of multiple @entity1 : an overview of clinical and economic information.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Several genes that play roles in vacuolar biogenesis and targeting of proteins to vacuoles have been characterized in @entity1 . Although the vacuole is one of the most prominent compartments, little is known about molecular mechanism of vacuolar biogenesis in filamentous fungi. @entity6 / @entity6 , a small GTPase of the Rab/Ypt family in @entity1 , plays a vital role in homotypic vacuole fusion. We describe the isolation of the avaA gene from @entity7 as a homologue of the @entity6 / @entity6 . Predicted 205 @entity3 protein encoded by the avaA showed 67 and 72% identity with @entity1 @entity6 / @entity6 and @entity0 @entity8 , respectively. The avaA disruptants exhibited highly fragmented vacuoles. We introduced mutations into the avaA gene, which alter @entity2 -binding characteristics of the gene products. Replacement of the avaA gene to the @entity4 -bound form mutant resulted in fragmentation of vacuoles. Overexpression of the @entity5 -bound form of avaA severely inhibited the hyphal growth and caused abnormal swelling of vacuoles. These results suggest that A. nidulans AvaA functions in the vacuolar biogenesis.

title: Cloning and characterization of a gene (avaA) from XXXX encoding a small GTPase involved in vacuolar biogenesis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The treatment of blunt @entity6 is complex and evolving. The aim of this review is to focus on what is new with ventilation for blunt @entity6 as well as an update on the current management strategies for blunt @entity2 and @entity4 . RECENT FINDINGS: Early use of noninvasive ventilation appears to be well tolerated in select hemodynamically stable blunt @entity2 @entity0 . For those @entity0 requiring intubation, airway pressure release ventilation is an excellent mode to decrease the risk of posttraumatic @entity5 . Endovascular repair of blunt @entity6 provides benefit over open repair and, if possible, delayed repair confers a mortality advantage. Despite its increasing use, there continue to be conflicting results about the role of surgical rib fixation for the treatment of flail chest. SUMMARY: Blunt @entity6 are commonly treated in the ICU and a solid knowledge of mechanical ventilation strategies (both noninvasive and invasive) is essential. Blunt @entity6 require early diagnosis and aggressive blood pressure management. Not all such injuries need operative repair but those that do benefit from an endovascular approach. The management of flail chest includes @entity3 multimodal @entity7 , adequate @entity1 , and ventilatory support. Surgical rib fixation should be considered in select @entity0 .

title: Blunt thoracic XXXX : recent advances and outstanding questions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 and a @entity6 have been used successfully to terminate pregnancy in Europe and China. We report the results of a large U.S. study of @entity8 and @entity4 in @entity0 with pregnancies of up to nine weeks' duration. METHODS: We administered 600 mg of @entity8 and then 400 microg of @entity4 two days later to 2121 @entity0 seeking termination of their pregnancies at 17 centers. The @entity0 were observed for four hours after the administration of @entity4 and returned on day 15 for final assessment. RESULTS: Two thousand fifteen @entity0 completed the final assessment. Among them, pregnancy was terminated in 762 of the 827 @entity0 pregnant for < or =49 days (92 percent), 563 of the 678 @entity0 pregnant for 50 to 56 days (83 percent), and 395 of the 510 @entity0 pregnant for 57 to 63 days (77 percent) (P<0.001). Termination occurred within 4 hours after the administration of @entity4 in 49 percent of the @entity0 and within 24 hours in 75 percent. Failures, defined as cases requiring surgical intervention for medical reasons or because the @entity0 requested it, the abortion was incomplete, or the pregnancy was ongoing, increased with increasing duration of pregnancy. The largest increase was in failures representing ongoing pregnancy, which increased from 1 percent in the < or =49-days group to 9 percent in the 57-to-63-days group (P<0.001). @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity7 also increased with advancing gestational age. Two percent of the @entity0 in the < or =49-days group, as compared with 4 percent in each of the other two groups, were hospitalized, underwent surgical interventions, and received intravenous fluids (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: This @entity8 - @entity4 regimen is effective in terminating pregnancies, especially in @entity0 with pregnancies of 49 days' duration or less.

title: Early pregnancy termination with XXXX and @entity4 in the United States.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies describing long-term continuous care of outpatients with @entity1 are relatively scarce. The prospective European @entity1 Outpatient Health Outcomes study (SOHO) provides data on a cohort of @entity1 @entity0 over a period of three years. METHODS: Prospective, long-term, observational study including outpatients who initiate therapy or change to a new antipsychotic. The study was designed to provide two @entity0 groups of approximately equal size: treated either with @entity2 or a non- @entity2 antipsychotic. Sociodemographic, clinical and disease characteristics at baseline were described. Clinical severity of symptoms was assessed at each visit using the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI). Treatment outcomes were analyzed as treatment discontinuation, remission and relapse rates. RESULTS: French results are presented in this report. Nine hundred and thirty-three @entity0 (62% males) were recruited between March and December 2001. The mean age was 37.1+/-11.5 years. The mean time since first consultation for @entity1 was 8.0+/-9.3 years. At study baseline, one quarter had paid employment, less than one third had a spouse or partner and more than half of them had an independent housing. Thirty percent of @entity0 reported a previous suicide attempt. The mean CGI was 4.5+/-1.0 at admission. Overall, medication discontinuation for any cause occurred for 42% of @entity0 . A remission (defined by a CGI<or=3 maintained for 6 months, without hospitalization) was obtained in 63% of @entity0 , 49% of @entity0 relapsed (defined as hospitalization or CGI increase reaching 4 or more) during the three-year follow-up period. A suicide attempt occurred in 60 @entity0 (cumulative proportion 7%). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical findings of the French cohort of @entity0 confirmed the high burden of the disease. Identification of risk factors for discontinuation of treatment should provide a better individualization of @entity0 care and a better impact on the different domains of effectiveness.

title: [The European @entity1 Outpatient Health Outcomes Study: observational study over 36 months of the French cohort of XXXX outpatients treated with antipsychotics].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 (PV)-positive fast-spiking cells in the neocortex are known to generate gamma oscillations by mutual chemical and electrical connections. Recent findings suggest that this rhythm might be responsible for higher-order brain functions, and related to @entity1 . To elucidate the precise structural rules of the connections of PV neurons, we first produced genetic tools. Using a lentiviral expression system, we developed neuron-specific promoters and a new reporter protein that labels the somatodendritic membrane of neurons. We applied the reporter protein to the generation of @entity0 , and succeeded in visualizing the dendrites and cell bodies of PV neurons efficiently. Then we analyzed excitatory and inhibitory inputs to PV neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex using the @entity0 . Corticocortical glutamatergic inputs were more frequently found on the distal dendrites than on the soma, whereas thalamocortical inputs did not differ between the proximal and distal portions. Corticocortical inhibitory inputs were more densely distributed on the soma than on the dendrites. We further investigated which types of neocortical GABAergic neurons preferred the PV soma over their dendrites. We revealed that the somatic and dendritic compartments principally received GABAergic inputs from @entity3 ( @entity3 )-positive and PV neurons, respectively. This compartmental organization suggests that PV neurons communicate with each other mainly via the dendrites, and that their activity is effectively controlled by the somatic inputs of @entity3 neurons. These findings provide new insights into the neuronal circuits involving PV neurons, and contribute to a better understanding of brain functions and @entity1 .

title: Compartmental organization of synaptic inputs to XXXX -expressing GABAergic neurons in @entity0 primary somatosensory cortex.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activation of @entity5 oxidase (PHOX) plays a critical role in mediating dopaminergic neuroinflammation. In the present study, we investigated the role of PHOX in @entity4 (MA)-induced @entity6 and inflammatory changes in @entity0 . METHODS: We examined changes in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), mitochondrial function [i.e., mitochondrial membrane potential, intramitochondrial @entity2 accumulation, mitochondrial oxidative burdens, mitochondrial @entity3 dismutase expression, and mitochondrial translocation of the cleaved form of protein kinase C delta type (cleaved PKC  )], microglial activity, and pro-apoptotic changes [i.e., cytosolic cytochrome c release, cleaved caspase 3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUDP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) positive populations] after a @entity6 dose of MA in the striatum of @entity0 to achieve a better understanding of the effects of @entity9 , a non-specific PHOX inhibitor, or genetic inhibition of @entity12 (by using @entity12 knockout @entity0 or @entity12 antisense oligonucleotide) against MA-induced dopaminergic @entity6 . RESULTS: Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases ( @entity8 ) was most pronounced out of MAPKs after MA. We observed MA-induced phosphorylation and membrane translocation of @entity12 in the striatum of @entity0 . The activation of @entity12 promoted mitochondrial stresses followed by microglial activation into the M1 phenotype, and pro-apoptotic changes, and led to @entity1 . @entity10 activated these signaling pathways. @entity9 or genetic inhibition of @entity12 significantly protected these signaling processes induced by MA. @entity10 inhibitor @entity7 did not exhibit any additional positive effects against protective activity mediated by @entity9 or @entity12 genetic inhibition, suggesting that @entity10 regulates @entity11 phox activation, and @entity10 constitutes the crucial target for @entity9 -mediated inhibition of PHOX activation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the neuroprotective mechanism of @entity9 against MA insult is via preventing mitochondrial burdens, microglial activation, and pro-apoptotic signaling process by the @entity10 -dependent activation of @entity12 .

title: @entity9 prevents mitochondrial burdens, microglial activation, and pro-apoptosis induced by a toxic dose of @entity4 in the striatum of @entity0 via inhibition of @entity11 phox activation by XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Pulmonary @entity2 @entity0 have been found to have greater morbidity and mortality from isolated @entity4 closure than those pulmonary non- @entity2 @entity0 . In this study, the author evaluated the relation between pulmonary artery muscularity and pulmonary artery pressure and resistance and compared the haemodynamic effects between normal and raised pulmonary artery pressure groups in isolated @entity4 . The @entity0 were divided into two groups, group-I (n = 14): pulmonary artery pressure of 50 mmHg or less than 50 mmHg, and group-II (n = 6): pulmonary artery pressure more than 50 mmHg. The group-II @entity0 were further studied during cardiac catheterization by inhaling 100% @entity1 for 15 minutes to detect any @entity3 . The @entity0 whose pulmonary artery pressure did not drop were considered to have operative intervention after lung biopsy. The mean pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in group-I and group-II were 26.9 +/- 7.0 mmHg, 44.0 +/- 2.5 mmHg, 2.2 +/- 0.6 units/m2 vs 84.2 +/- 20.7 mmHg, 100.5 +/- 7.0 mmHg, 10.0 +/- 0.9 units/m2, respectively (p < 0.001). The left to right shunt flow in group-I and group-II was 50.6 +/- 6.0% vs 44.0 +/- 8.6%, respectively and was not significantly different (p < 0.1). In the operated group (n = 17), pulmonary artery pressures ranged 20-110 mmHg, size of the @entity4 7.5-11.5 mm, and pulmonary vascular resistance 1.7-8.2 units/m2. In isolated @entity4 , when the pulmonary vascular change was reversible, there was a positive correlation both between the @entity4 size and the level of pulmonary arterial pressure (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) and between the pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). Lung biopsy (n = 9) showed grade I Heath-Edward change in 6 cases (66.6%), grade II change in 1 case (11.1%), and grade III in 2 cases (22.2%). From these findings, when pulmonary vascular resistance is 8 units/m2 or more, operative indication should be determined on the basis of lung biopsy. Not only the gradings of pulmonary vascular changes, but the extent of vascular involvement and the duration of the lung exposure to the shunt anomally also need to be considered before surgery.

title: Haemodynamic correlation with lung biopsy findings in isolated XXXX with or without pulmonary hypertension.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity4 treatment on @entity2 ( @entity2 ), hyaluronic acid (HA), and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R) concentrations in the saliva and serum of @entity0 with primary @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 @entity0 treated with @entity4 200 mg/day for 12 months were investigated in an open prospective study. Clinical parameters of efficacy and routine biochemical and haematological data to assess drug safety and tolerability were determined every three months. Salivary and serum @entity2 , sIL2R, and HA values were determined at study entry, 6 and 12 months, using ELISA and radiometric assays. RESULTS: After @entity4 treatment, salivary @entity2 concentrations decreased from 13.2 (1.2) to 7.3 (1.1) pg/ml (mean (SEM)) (p < 0.0001). Similarly, salivary HA concentrations were also reduced from 577.8 (120) to 200 (34) ng/ml (mean (SEM) (p < 0.003). Serum @entity2 concentrations decreased from 5.4 (0.6) to 2.9 (0.2) pg/ml (mean (SEM) (p < 0.001), while serum HA concentrations remained unchanged. No change has been detected in salivary or serum sIL2R concentrations after 12 months of treatment with @entity4 . Treatment also resulted in significant reduction in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum gamma globulin, and @entity3 values while only partial clinical improvement was noted in some @entity0 . A more pronounced decrease of salivary @entity2 and HA levels was found in the two @entity0 in whom a reduction in the swelling of the parotid gland was noted. CONCLUSION: In this open label study of @entity4 treatment for @entity1 a significant reduction of some salivary inflammatory markers was seen at the end of 12 months. Although during the treatment period only a partial clinical effect could be noted, the findings suggest that a double blind controlled study of @entity4 in @entity1 is indicated.

title: @entity4 treatment for primary XXXX : its effect on salivary and serum inflammatory markers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A recent meta-analysis and randomized studies have demonstrated that combined chemoradiotherapy is associated with a survival advantage for selected @entity0 with locally advanced unresectable @entity7 ( @entity7 ). We conducted a phase II study of combined chemoradiotherapy to find a more effective combination of drugs and radiation than those previously reported for such @entity0 . Between January 1994 and November 1996, 50 previously untreated @entity0 with locally advanced unresectable @entity7 (stage IIIA with N2 or IIIB disease) were entered in this study. @entity0 were required to have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < or = 2, age < or = 75 years and adequate organ function. Treatment consisted of three cycles of @entity5 (20 mg m(-2), days 1-5) and @entity12 ( @entity12 ) (500 mg m(-2), days 1-5) every 4 weeks, and concurrent hyperfractionated @entity13 radiation (1.25 Gy twice daily, with a 6-h interfraction interval; total radiation dose, 62.5-70 Gy). Of the 50 @entity0 entered, 37 (74%) responded to this chemoradiotherapy, including two (4%) with complete response. By a median follow-up time of 41.0 months, 35 @entity0 had died and 15 were still alive. The median time to progression for responding @entity0 was 14.1 months (range, 2.6-51.3+ months). The median survival time was 18.7 months, with a survival rate of 66.0% at 1 year, 46.0% at 2 years and 27.6% at 3 years. Survival outcome was strongly affected by the extent of nodal involvement (median survival time, 27.4 months for N0-2 disease (n = 37) vs 10.7 months for N3 disease (n = 13); P = 0.007). The major @entity1 of treatment were @entity11 and @entity10 (> or = Grade 3, 58% and 60% respectively). Other @entity1 of > or = Grade 3 included @entity4 (26%), @entity3 (26%), @entity9 (16%) and @entity8 (6%). Treatment-related @entity2 occurred for one @entity0 . Our findings suggest that @entity5 and @entity12 in combination with concurrent hyperfractionated @entity13 radiation is effective and feasible for the treatment of locally advanced unresectable @entity7 . The short-term survival in this study appeared to be more encouraging than those of similar chemoradiation trials. A randomized trial will be needed to compare the combination of @entity5 and @entity12 with other @entity6 -based regimens together with concurrent hyperfractionated @entity13 radiation. In addition, in future studies, inclusion criteria for N3 disease with or without supraclavicular involvement should be reconsidered to correctly evaluate the effect of combined chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced unresectable @entity7 .

title: A phase II study of @entity5 and XXXX with concurrent hyperfractionated @entity13 radiation for locally advanced @entity7 : a preliminary report from the Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group.

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity4 is the main cause of antibiotic-associated @entity1 and @entity5 in @entity0 and animals. Its pathogenicity is primarily linked to the secretion of two exotoxins (TcdA and TcdB). Although great progress in the toxic mechanism of TcdA and TcdB has been achieved, there are many conflicting reports about the apoptotic mechanism. More importantly, apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in cells treated with Shiga toxins-another kind of cytotoxins that can cause @entity1 and @entity3 . Herein we checked whether TcdB can induce ER stress. The results showed that recombinant TcdB (rTcdB) activated molecular markers of unfolded protein response, suggesting that rTcdB induced ER stress in CT26 cells. However, rTcdB did not induce the up-regulation of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a classic mediator of apoptotic ER stress, but it activated the precursor of @entity2 aspartic acid-specific protease 12 (caspase-12), a controversial mediator of apoptotic ER stress. Besides, glucosyltransferase activity-deficient mutant recombinant TcdB induced ER stress, though it has no cytotoxic or cytopathic effect on CT26 cells. Altogether, these data demonstrated that ER stress induced by rTcdB is glucosyltransferase-independent, indicating that ER stress induced by rTcdB is non-apoptotic. This work also offers us a new insight into the molecular mechanism of @entity6 protein expression regulation and the role of @entity6 expression in ER stress.

title: Recombinant XXXX toxin B induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse colonal carcinoma cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Products cryopreserved with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) often cause many adverse effects during their infusion (major cardiovascular events, @entity4     even @entity2 ). These are especially frequent in pediatric @entity0 . We tested if a fully automated and closed wash procedure (Sepax S-100, Biosafe) allowed us to maintain the absolute @entity6 + cell number, cell viability, and engraftment potential, decreasing the untoward reactions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-six washes of @entity7 cryopreserved peripheral blood @entity5 ( @entity5 ) apheresis were studied. Blood aliquots were taken both after thawing and after washing to assess the total nucleated and @entity6 + cell counts, as well as cell viability. The washed products were infused in 26 autologous SCTs (ASCTs). Results were compared with the 53 previous SCTs performed without @entity7 removal. RESULTS: After washing there were no significant differences between the pre- and postwashing @entity6 + cell counts (p=0.08) or viability (p=0.68). No significant differences were observed between washed and nonwashed infusions in relation to the day of the neutrophil (p=0.46) and platelet (p=0.26) engraftment. One adverse event, @entity3 , occurred during the washed cells infusions. When compared with the 14 untoward reactions that took place during the nonwashed @entity5 infusions, significance was reached (p=0.00043). CONCLUSIONS: The automatic method described is effective in terms of @entity6 + cell recovery and viability in ASCT. Moreover, Sepax decreased significantly the untoward reactions during the infusion.

title: An automatic wash method for XXXX removal in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation decreases the adverse effects related to infusion.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the treatment of choice for non-muscle-invasive @entity2 (NMIBC) of high grade and/or @entity3 in situ. This study evaluated the feasibility, efficacy, and tolerance of BCG instillations in eight kidney recipients for end-stage aristolochic acid @entity1 (AAN), a condition at high risk of @entity3 , and diagnosed for NMIBC. Five of them had relapsed after mitomycin C treatment. Tolerance to BCG was evaluated clinically and regular follow-up with fluorescence cystoscopy was performed along with renal graft function monitoring. Immunosuppression doses were adjusted and prophylactic anti-tuberculous treatment given to reduce risks of graft rejection and infection. After a mean follow-up period of 50  months, seven of the eight @entity0 are free of relapse and kidney graft function remained unchanged. Tolerance was good, except for one episode of @entity4 and one early discontinuation because of subjective discomfort. No @entity5 was observed. This is the first clinical observation of successful BCG therapy for NMIBC in @entity0 given transplant for end-stage AAN. Under standardized conditions, immunotherapy based on intravesical BCG is feasible, effective, and well tolerated in renal transplantation.

title: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy in non-muscle-invasive XXXX after renal transplantation for end-stage aristolochic acid @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although primary care physicians (PCPs) are often responsible for the routine care of older adults with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), there is a paucity of evidence regarding their perspectives and practice of conservative (non-dialysis) care. We undertook a qualitative study to describe barriers, facilitators and strategies to enhance conservative, non-dialysis, @entity2 care by PCPs in the community. METHODS: Semi-structured telephone and face-to-face interviews were conducted with PCPs from Alberta, Canada. @entity0 were identified using a snowball sampling strategy and purposively sampled based on sex, age and rural/urban location of clinical practice. Eligible @entity0 had managed at least one @entity0 >= 75 years with Stage 5 @entity2 (estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/ @entity3 .73 m(2), not on dialysis) in the prior year. @entity0 recruitment ceased when data saturation was reached. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: In total, 27 PCPs were interviewed. The majority were male (15/27), were aged 40-60 years (15/27) and had practiced in primary care for >20 years (14/27). Perceived barriers to conservative @entity2 care included: managing expectations of @entity1 for @entity0 and their families; dealing with the complexity of medical management of @entity0 requiring conservative care; and challenges associated with managing @entity0 jointly with specialists. Factors that facilitated conservative @entity2 care included: establishing @entity0 /family expectations early; preserving continuity of care; and utilizing a multidisciplinary team approach. Suggested strategies for improving conservative care included having: direct telephone access to clinicians familiar with conservative care; treatment decision aids for @entity0 and their families; and a conservative care clinical pathway to guide management. CONCLUSIONS: PCPs identified important barriers and facilitators to conservative care for their older @entity0 with Stage 5 @entity2 . Further investigation of potential strategies that address barriers and enable facilitators is required to improve the quality of conservative care for older adults in the community.

title: Primary care physicians' perceived barriers, facilitators and strategies to enhance conservative care for older adults with XXXX : a qualitative descriptive study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Relapses of @entity5 are usually treated with @entity2 , initially in three to four daily divided doses. The divided-dose regimen may cause poor @entity0 compliance and greater adrenal suppression. In a prospective randomized controlled trial, we compared the efficacy of @entity2 in inducing remission of @entity5 , when given either as a single dose or in divided doses. @entity0 with steroid-responsive @entity5 with relapse were randomized to receive @entity2 2 mg/kg per day, either as a single morning dose or in three divided doses for 2 weeks, followed by 1.5 mg/kg on every alternate day for 4 weeks. Parents tested the urine for protein daily until remission (nil @entity3 for 3 consecutive days). The duration between initiation of treatment and achievement of remission was recorded. Of 106 @entity0 , 94 (47 each in single-dose and divided-dose groups) completed the study. The @entity0 in the two groups were similar in relation to age, sex, number of relapses in the preceding year, and blood levels of @entity4 , albumin, and @entity1 . The mean time for achievement of remission in the single- and divided-dose groups was 8.6 and 8.5 days, respectively (P = 0.94, power 96%). After 9 months' follow-up, there were no differences in the frequency of relapses and cumulative dose of @entity2 received in the two groups. The observations suggest that @entity2 administered in a single daily dose or in divided doses is equally effective in inducing remission in @entity0 with relapsing @entity5 .

title: Single- versus divided-dose @entity2 therapy for relapses of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Sporadic @entity8 can be divided into two biologically and clinically distinctive subtypes of which one is @entity2 -related (type I), the other @entity2 -unrelated (type II). @entity3 occur at younger age, express @entity2 (ER) and @entity9 receptors (PR), are frequently associated with @entity11 and show a good prognosis. @entity3 occur at older age, are negative for ER and PR, arise in the background of atrophic endometrium and show poor prognosis. Histologically, @entity13 correspond to @entity3 whereas @entity3 is the prototype of @entity3 . @entity13 are significantly different with respect to their molecular changes. @entity13 frequently show @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity5 and @entity6 mutation but infrequently @entity4 mutations, loss of @entity7 expression and @entity10 /neu amplification, respectively. In contrast, @entity3 show a high frequency of @entity4 mutations and often loss of @entity7 expression whereas @entity1 and @entity5 and @entity6 mutations are uncommon. @entity8 associated with HNPCC occur about two decades earlier than @entity0 , show endometrioid histology and are frequently @entity1 positiv due to germline mutations of mismatch repair genes (mostly @entity14 and @entity12 ). During the progression of @entity13 @entity5 mutations and @entity1 are considered early changes since they are present in a high frequency in @entity11 whereas @entity4 mutations, loss of @entity7 expression and @entity10 /neu amplification are considered late events since they are predominantly found in poorly differentiated @entity0 . In contrast, @entity4 mutations are considered an early event in the pathogenesis of @entity3 occurring already in its putative precursor @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The future research will focus, besides the discovery of new relevant genes, on the interaction of known genes as well as their clinical relevance.

title: [Dualistic model of molecular pathogenesis in XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: In black Africa, and particularly in Togo, management of thyreotoxicosis is not simple. The intervention of several specialists and effective @entity0 collaboration is needed. In a majority of cases, the @entity0 's apprehensions, financial problems, and taboos prevent correct management. We report 30 cases of thyreotoxicosis in 82 @entity0 with @entity2 seen over a 5-year period in the Internal Medicine and Cardiology Department of the Lom   teaching hospitals. @entity4 was the most frequent (83.33%), followed by @entity3 (10%) and toxic nodule (6.67%). Diagnosis was strictly clinical in 53.33% of the cases. The main complication was cardiothyreosis in 46.67% of the @entity0 . Drug treatment was used. Short-term results (4 - 6 weeks) was favorable in 96.67% of the cases. A percentage (65.41%) were lost to follow-up after discharge. The @entity1 encountered for the management of thyreotoxicosis was financial and economical difficulties not specific to the disease. Other problems included the lack of diagnostic and therapeutic means and insufficient cooperation between the surgeon, the cardiologist and the endocrinologist.

title: [Problems in the management of XXXX in Black Africa: the Tongolese experience].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Renal biopsy of 32 @entity0 who developed @entity1 after treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were studied. The treatment with NSAIDs in these cases was used for many reasons such as: headaches, toothaches, dysmenorrea, @entity10 , @entity4 and @entity6 . The renal function of these @entity0 , before the treatment with NSAIDs was normal. The renal biopsies were studied by light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. In 32 cases treated with NSAIDs renal changes were shown. There types of morphological changes were found: @entity5 ( @entity5 )(5 cases), acute tubulo-interstitial diseases (ATID)(8 cases) and @entity8 with @entity7 (LN)(19 cases). @entity5 and ATID possibly represent a hypersensitive reaction of predominantly humoral ( @entity5 ) or cellular (ATID) mechanisms. These types of reaction are also seen to occur with the use of various drugs (most commonly with @entity3 type antibiotics). LN on the other hand is rarely, if ever, seen with any drugs but NSAIDs and therefore seems to be a characteristic change for NSAIDs and possibly related to the inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by NSAIDs. NSAIDs-associated @entity1 is mainly observed in @entity0 of an increased use of NSAIDs with ineffective circulatory plasma volume (advanced age, @entity2 , overweight and @entity9 of various causes).

title: NSAIDs associated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The lung is relatively sensitive to irradiation. It is shown that @entity2 ( @entity9 ) might reduce oxidative injury and that it has a place in protection from @entity0 . The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential radioprotective effects of @entity9 . Whole-body irradiation (6  Gy, single dose) was applied to the @entity1 . @entity7 ( @entity8 ), @entity4 ( @entity6 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity3 (NO) levels in the lung tissue were measured. Control (C), Radiation (R), Radiation   +   @entity9 (R   +   @entity9 ; received irradiation and 25  mg/kg of @entity9 intraperitoneally (i.p.)), and Radiation   +   @entity10 (R   +   @entity10 ; received irradiation and 200  mg/kg of @entity10  i.p.) groups were used. The @entity5 levels decreased statistically significantly in the group administered @entity9 . Histopathologically, a radioprotective effect of @entity9 was more evident in the R   +   @entity9 group. @entity9 is an agent which has not been used as a radioprotector in the clinic yet, and it is worth supporting with more advanced studies.

title: Inhibition of Radiation-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Lung Tissue: May XXXX Have a Positive Role?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 induces endothelial barrier failure by activating the contractile machinery of endothelial cells. Contractile activation is due to an increase in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) phosphorylation. Here, it was investigated whether stimulation of endothelial cells with @entity5 can interrupt this @entity3 -induced pathomechanism. METHODS: In cultured @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells, cytosolic @entity2 [ @entity1 ](i) ( @entity4 method), phosphorylation of @entity6 , isometric tension and permeability for albumin were studied. RESULTS: @entity3 (0.2 U/ml) increased [ @entity1 ](i) from a basal level of 78+/-8 to 570+/-63 nM (mean+/-S.D., n=5, P<0.05), @entity6 phosphorylation from 71+/-7 to 163+/-18%, isometric tension from 157+/-17 to 232+/-26 microN, and permeability from 2.8+/-0.4 to 11.6+/-1 x 10(-6) cm/s. Co-presence of @entity5 (10 microM) and @entity3 did not alter the [ @entity1 ](i) rise, but reduced @entity6 phosphorylation to 59.8+/-10%, isometric tension to 174+/-14 microN, and permeability to 5.4+/-0.6 x 10(-6) cm/s. The @entity3 -induced rise in @entity6 phosphorylation was sensitive to reduction of [ @entity1 ](i) It was accompanied by an increase in Rho activation, and was inhibited by @entity8 (10 microM), a Rho-kinase blocker. The @entity5 -induced decrease in @entity6 phosphorylation was not sensitive to [ @entity1 ](i). It was not accompanied by changes in @entity7 activation, and could not by suppressed by @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 antagonizes the @entity1 - and Rho-dependent effects of @entity3 on @entity6 phosphorylation most likely by a @entity1 - and Rho-independent activation of @entity6 phosphatase. It thereby functionally antagonizes the @entity3 -induced increase in monolayer tension and permeability.

title: @entity5 antagonism of XXXX -induced endothelial barrier permeability.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with @entity4 ( @entity5 ), by itself or combined with other non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ( @entity4 , @entity5 with @entity3 , @entity5 with @entity8 , @entity5 with @entity2 , and @entity5 with @entity7 ) on clinimetric outcomes in a retrospective cohort with a 6-month follow-up and under a Treat to Target (T2T) approach. @entity0 in treatment with conventional DMARDs and classified as moderate disease activity (MDA) and high disease activity (HDA) were included. Changes in disease activity score (DAS28), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), tender joint count (TJC), and swollen joint count (SJC) are compared using the Wilcoxon nonparametric test for paired data. Hypothesis contrasts were raised in order to look for differences between the different exposure groups and the outcomes defined by means of the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) nonparametric test. Follow-up was documented in 307 @entity0 , including 250 (81.4  %) @entity0 . At the onset, 243 subjects (79.2  %) were classified as @entity6 and 64 (20.9  %) in HDA. A total of 247 subjects (80.4  %) presented some degree of improvement, with 156 subjects (51  %) entering remission, which is a significant number (p value   =   0.047). There were no differences in the level of severity between the treatment groups (p   =   0.98). This study, developed in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity1 with moderate or severe disease activity who were treated with @entity5 by itself or combined with other non-biological DMARDs under T2T strategy, showed a decrease in the severity of disease activity in 80  % of @entity0 . The difference between monotherapy ( @entity5 ) and the combinations with other non-biological DMARDs could not be established.

title: Treatment of @entity1 with XXXX alone and in combination with other conventional DMARDs using the T2T strategy. A cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a common and @entity2 , especially in developing countries. We developed and implemented an interactive, tablet-based educational intervention to improve @entity1 knowledge among @entity0 in rural Malawi. Chichewa-speaking adult @entity0 in six rural villages participated. Each @entity0 took a pretest, participated in the lesson, and then took a posttest. The lesson included information on @entity1 symptoms, causes, risk factors, prevention, and treatment. Over the 6-month study period, 243 @entity0 participated. @entity0 ranged in age from 18 to 77  years. Only 15  % had education beyond primary school. Nearly half of @entity0 (48  %) had heard of @entity1 prior to viewing the lesson. For these @entity0 , the median number of correct responses on the pretest was 11 out of 20; after the lesson, they had a median of 18 correct responses (p   <   0.001). After the intervention, 93  % of @entity0 indicated a desire for @entity1 screening. Despite lack of familiarity with computers (96  %), most @entity0 (94  %) found the tablet easy to use. A tablet-based educational program was an effective, feasible, and acceptable strategy to disseminate @entity1 information to @entity0 with low education in rural Malawi. This method may be appropriate to distribute health information about other health topics in low-resource settings.

title: Assessing the Acceptability, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of a Tablet-Based XXXX Educational Intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: A single institute trial of combination chemotherapy, with @entity8 and @entity7 , in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , having failed previous combination chemotherapy, was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were only eligible for this study if there disease had progressed, following treatment with previous chemotherapy, in either an adjuvant or a metastatic setting. @entity8 175 mg/m2 was administered as a 3-hour continuous infusion on day 1, and @entity7 80 mg/m2 was administered for 2 hours on day 2, with adequate hydration. This was repeated every 3 weeks, and continued until one of the following events occurred: disease progression, unacceptable adverse effect or treatment refusal by the @entity1 . Intercurrent palliative radiotherapy, or concurrent hormonal therapy, was permitted, depending on each @entity1 's status. All the endpoints were evaluated under the principle of intention to treat analysis. RESULTS: A total of 24 @entity1 entered the study, and 18 had at least one measurable lesion, but 6 did not. The objective response rate of the 18 @entity1 was 50%(9/18). Two were complete responses and seven showed partial responses. The median response duration, progression free and overall survival were 5.3 months (range, 4~18), 6 months (95% CI, 5~7) and 12 months (95% CI, 7~17), respectively. 67% of the planned dose was administered. Out of a total 135 cycles administered, about 20% of cycles showed grade 3 or 4 @entity9 and 7% showed grade 3 @entity6 . Two @entity1 suffered from @entity3 , and one experienced @entity5 . @entity2 , greater than grade 3, existed in three cases. No treatment related @entity4 were reported. CONCLUSION: The combination chemotherapy, with @entity8 and @entity7 , was active in the treatment of metastatic @entity0 @entity1 having failed previous chemotherapy.

title: XXXX and @entity7 Combination Chemotherapy in Pretreated @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term consequences of cancer treatments in young @entity1 , and especially fertility issues, are gaining attention as survival rates increase. @entity0 is the most frequent @entity2 in @entity1 of reproductive age. AIM: The purpose of this review is to describe serum anti-m  llerian hormone ( @entity3 ) level at diagnosis and its evolution during and after chemotherapy in @entity1 of reproductive age treated for @entity0 . Second, the impact of @entity6 on @entity3 , the association between @entity3 and @entity4 , and the comparison of @entity3 with other hormonal markers of ovarian reserve were studied. METHODS: A systematic PubMed search was conducted on all articles, published up to April 2016 and related to @entity3 in @entity1 suffering from @entity0 using the following key words: @entity3 , m  llerian-inhibiting substance, @entity5 , @entity0 , gonadotoxicity, @entity5 , @entity4 , chemotherapy, and menopause. RESULTS: @entity3 levels rapidly fall down to undetectable levels in most @entity1 during chemotherapy and generally persist at very low levels in most @entity1 after the treatment. Taxanes seem to impact negatively ovarian function, but data on ovarian reserve are scarce. @entity3 is a predictor of the occurrence of chemotherapy-related @entity4 and is the most relevant hormonal marker of ovarian reserve. CONCLUSION: Serum @entity3 is a relevant tool for ovarian reserve assessment and follow-up during treatment in premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 . Further large prospective studies are necessary to determine its predictive interest for post-treatment residual fertility, and eventually use it in fertility preservation counseling before treatment initiation.

title: Anti-m  llerian hormone levels and evolution in @entity1 of reproductive age with XXXX treated with chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of various concentrations of @entity2 solutions (0.1%-3%) and different temperatures (4, 10, 20, 30 and 37 degrees C) on survival of @entity1 were investigated. It was found that at temperatures between 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C, @entity1 organisms survived in salt solutions up to 3% @entity0 . Only the combination of high temperatures, i.e. 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C, with @entity0 concentrations over 1.5%, reduced cell numbers significantly. It was interesting to note that the addition of small amounts of @entity0 (0.1%-0.5%) enhanced survival of Leg. pneumophila, suggesting a protective effect of @entity0 . In order to obtain information about conditions encountered in the environment, the survival experiments were repeated in sterile sea water from the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The marked bacterial die-off, especially at higher temperatures, was not observed in natural sea water. All these results indicate that Leg. pneumophila can survive in the marine environment.

title: Effect of salt concentration and temperature on survival of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower case fatality and increased use of evidence-based invasive management incl. coronary angiography (CAG) have been reported for @entity0 admitted with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the last 25 years. This article seeks to investigate whether these advances have benefitted @entity0 in all socio-economic groups and how this has impacted on inequality in case fatality. METHODS: Forty three thousand eight hundred and forty three @entity0 admitted with @entity1 in the period from 2001 to 2009 were included. Socio-economic position was measured using individual information on education. Age-standardized cumulative incidence of CAG within 1, 3 and 30 days along with age-standardized case fatality within 30 and 365 days were estimated. Cox regression models were used to model the relative inequality over time. RESULTS: Use of CAG within 1, 3 and 30 days increased for all educational groups over time and the inequality in CAG within 1 and 3 days seen in the beginning of the time frame was eliminated. Case fatality decreased in all educational groups and the relative inequality in 30 days case fatality decreased for @entity0 but not 365 days case fatality. No change was seen for inequality in case fatality for @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Increased use of CAG within the evidence based time frame was observed along with a decrease in inequality. However, a reduction in inequality was only observed for short term case fatality, and only for @entity0 . These results suggest that inequality in case fatality is not primarily driven by inequality in invasive management of @entity1 .

title: Socio-economic position and time trends in invasive management and case fatality after XXXX in Denmark.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity4 ( @entity5 ), as intrathecal adjuvant has been shown to successfully prolong duration of @entity2 but delay the motor recovery. Hence, this study was designed to find out the dose of @entity5 which can provide satisfactory @entity2 without prolonging @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 50 @entity0 scheduled for elective perianal surgeries were randomly allocated to Groups C or D (n = 25). Group D received hyperbaric @entity3 0.5% 4 mg + @entity5 5  g and Group C received hyperbaric @entity3 0.5% 4 mg + @entity5 3  g intrathecally. Onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of @entity2 , time for ambulation and first urination were recorded. Adverse effects if any were noted. RESULTS: Demographic characters, duration of surgery were comparable. The onset of sensory block to S1 was 9.61    5.53 min in Group C compared to 7.69    4.80 min in Group D (P = 0.35). Duration of sensory (145.28    83.17 min - C, 167.85    93.75 min - D, P = 0.5) and @entity1 (170.53    73.44 min - C, 196.14    84.28 min, P = 0.39) were comparable. Duration of @entity2 (337.86    105.11 min - C, 340.78    101.81 min - D, P = 0.9) and time for ambulation (252.46    93.72 min - C, 253.64    88.04 min - D, P = 0.97) were also comparable. One @entity0 in each group had urinary retention requiring catheterization. No other side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity5 3  g dose does not produce faster ambulation compared to intrathecal @entity5 5  g though it produces comparable duration of @entity2 for perianal surgeries.

title: Comparative study of two doses of intrathecal XXXX as adjuvant with low dose hyperbaric @entity3 in ambulatory perianal surgeries: A prospective randomised controlled study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the safety, efficacy, and performance of @entity3 -covered Wallstents in the treatment of @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This pilot study included 30 @entity0 with @entity1 . Palliative decompression of the obstructed bile duct was attempted with a @entity3 -covered Wallstent that is a prototype. @entity0 with @entity4 were excluded. All stents were inserted percutaneously. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine stent patency. RESULTS: Effective biliary decompression was achieved in all @entity0 initially. No acute stent-related complications occurred. The 30-day mortality rate was 20%. During follow-up, 11 stent occlusions occurred; therefore, the occlusion rate was 37%. The patency rates after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 96%, 69%, 47%, and 31%, respectively. Tumor growth through the stent covering that was proven both histologically and by biopsy observed in two @entity0 , causing @entity2 in one of them. Other reasons for @entity2 were @entity1 ingrowth (n = 1) and biopsy-proven granulation tissue inside the stent (n = 2). Otherwise, the reasons for @entity2 remained unclear. CONCLUSION: This prototype of a covered stent did not provide better results than did conventional uncovered stents in @entity0 with @entity1 . The covering did not effectively prevent @entity1 ingrowth in at least two @entity0 . The stent also seems prone to premature occlusion.

title: Treatment of @entity1 with XXXX -covered Wallstents.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between @entity2 measures and @entity3 severity among White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese Americans. METHODS: The method used in this study was a community-based cross-sectional study of 2053 racially/ethnically diverse adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity4 . Anthropometry and polysomnography were used to measure @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Linear regression models were fitted to investigate associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference with @entity1 (log transformed) with adjustment for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. RESULTS: The mean @entity0 age was 68.4 (range: 54-93) years; 53.6% of @entity0 were @entity0 . The median @entity1 was 9.1 events/h. There were significant associations of BMI and waist circumference with @entity1 in the overall cohort and within each racial/ethnic group. A significant interaction was observed between race/ethnicity and BMI (Pinteraction   =   0.017). Models predicted that for each unit increase in BMI (kg/m(2)), the mean @entity1 increased by 19.7% for Chinese, 11.6% for Whites and Blacks, and 10.5% for Hispanics. Similarly, incremental changes in waist circumference were associated with larger increases in @entity1 among Chinese than among other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Associations of BMI and waist circumference with @entity1 were stronger among Chinese than among other racial/ethnic groups. These findings highlight a potential emergence of elevated @entity3 prevalence occurring in association with increasing @entity2 in Asian populations.

title: Racial/ethnic differences in the associations between XXXX measures and severity of @entity3 : the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous @entity4 ablation for the management of benign thyroid cysts. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, 40 @entity0 with fine-needle aspiration cytology-proven benign thyroid cysts underwent @entity2 ablation. Sonographically, 24 nodules were predominantly cystic (simple cysts), and 16 showed both solid and cystic elements ( @entity1 ). The cyst fluid was aspirated, and an amount of sterile 95% @entity4 equivalent to approximately 50% of the aspirated fluid was injected. Initially, a 20-gauge needle on a 20 ml syringe was used. Later, a three-way cannula was used in which one port was used for aspiration of the cyst fluid and the other for injection of the alcohol. RESULTS: The pretreatment volume of the cysts was 5.8-18.5 ml (mean (SD) 12.26 (3.6)). Cyst volume after treatment was 0-8 ml (mean (SD) 3.73 (2.8)). Ten cysts had disappeared completely after treatment. Cosmetic symptoms disappeared in 90% of the @entity0 . Twenty-four @entity0 complained of a @entity3 at the injection site. The use of the three-way cannula helped to decrease the procedure time by decreasing the chances of needle displacement. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided @entity4 ablation is a safe, highly effective, relatively rapid treatment modality that is both @entity0 and surgeon friendly and should be considered as the treatment of choice for benign cystic thyroid nodules.

title: Non-surgical management of benign thyroid cysts: use of ultrasound-guided XXXX ablation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Species showing complex life cycles provide excellent opportunities to study the genetic associations between life cycle stages, as selective pressures may differ before and after metamorphosis. The @entity2 presents a complex life cycle with two metamorphoses, a first metamorphosis from larvae into glass eels (juvenile stage) and a second metamorphosis into @entity1 eels (adult stage). We tested the hypothesis that different genes and gene pathways will be under selection at different life stages when comparing the genetic associations between glass eels and @entity1 eels. RESULTS: We used two sets of markers to test for selection: first, we genotyped individuals using a panel of 80 coding-gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) developed in @entity3 ; second, we investigated selection at the genome level using a total of 153,423 RAD-sequencing generated SNPs widely distributed across the genome. Using the RAD approach, outlier tests identified a total of 2413 (1.57  %) potentially selected SNPs. Functional annotation analysis identified signal transduction pathways as the most over-represented group of genes, including MAPK/Erk signalling, @entity0 signalling and GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) signalling. Many of the over-represented pathways were related to growth, while others could result from the different conditions that eels inhabit during their life cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The observation of different genes and gene pathways under selection when comparing glass eels vs. @entity1 eels supports the adaptive decoupling hypothesis for the benefits of metamorphosis. Partitioning the life cycle into discrete morphological phases may be overall beneficial since it allows the different life stages to respond independently to their unique selection pressures. This might translate into a more effective use of food and niche resources and/or performance of phase-specific tasks (e.g. feeding in the case of glass eels, migrating and reproducing in the case of @entity1 eels).

title: Signatures of natural selection between life cycle stages separated by metamorphosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 is one of the routinely used drugs as the first line of antitubercular agents. The delayed onset of @entity4 is usually thought to be reversible following rapid withdrawal of the drug. We collected ten consecutive @entity0 with severe @entity2 due to @entity5 @entity1 , and these @entity0 had received presumably safe @entity5 dosages. Although @entity5 was stopped immediately in all cases, only five @entity0 (50%) experienced visual improvement after a period of 12 months to 3 years follow-up. The other five @entity0 (50%) had permanent @entity2 without recovery. There were no predisposing or risk factors to contribute to poor visual outcome. In the group over 60 years old, only 20% (1/5) experienced visual improvement; in the group less than 60 years old, 80% (4/5) had some visual recovery, the difference between these two age groups being statistically significant. We need more @entity0 collections to answer whether the older @entity0 with @entity5 @entity3 have poor prognoses. @entity5 @entity3 , in our follow-up study, is not always reversible, especially in the older population. It may cause permanent @entity2 . There is no so-called "safe-dosage". We suggest reconsideration regarding the use of @entity5 as one of the first-line antitubercular drugs, especially in older @entity0 .

title: Reversibility of XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Bowel function may be disturbed after intestinal segments are used in urinary reconstruction. The etiology of this condition and its incidence in different @entity0 groups is unclear. We studied the incidence of bowel disturbance in @entity0 who underwent bladder replacement, continent diversion, enterocystoplasty for @entity6 and ileal conduit diversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 71 @entity0 after ileal conduit diversion and 82 after bladder reconstruction, including clam enterocystoplasty for @entity6 in 28, @entity7 in 26 and nonneuropathic conditions in 28. We noted the severity of symptoms, such as frequency of defecation, @entity3 , @entity8 , fecal urgency, @entity5 and @entity3 , as well as quality of life. RESULTS: Of the @entity0 who underwent bladder reconstruction 24% had symptoms of @entity2 preoperatively and 42% of those who were asymptomatic preoperatively described new bowel symptoms postoperatively. These symptoms were most common and severe in 54% of @entity0 after clam enterocystoplasty for @entity6 compared to 26% with @entity1 , 14% with a @entity9 and 15% with an ileal conduit. Compared to those in other groups @entity0 who underwent enterocystoplasty for @entity6 had a significantly higher incidence of @entity4 (18 versus less than 4%, p <0.01), @entity8 (29 versus less than 8%, p <0.01), fecal urgency (39 versus less than 12%, p <0.001) and @entity5 (32 versus less than 16%, p <0.001). The length of ileum used for clam enterocystoplasty was only slightly greater than that used for ileal conduit operations (25 versus 18 cm.). Of the @entity0 who underwent enterocystoplasty for @entity6 29% regretted undergoing the procedure due to subsequent bowel symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: After enterocystoplasty for @entity6 @entity0 are at risk of significant bowel symptoms. The development of new bowel symptoms was associated with poor @entity0 satisfaction.

title: XXXX after bladder reconstruction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To diagnose and characterize the perianal @entity1 using Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a hilly and @entity4 . MATERIAL/METHODS: This prospective hospital based study was conducted for a period of one year from April 2014 to April 2015 in the departments of Radiodiagnosis and Surgery of our institute. A total of 50 consecutive @entity0 presenting with perianal @entity1 fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study and taken up for MRI. The perianal fistulae were classified according to St James University hospital classification and tracks were assessed with regard to anatomical plane, length, ramifications, abscess formation, enteric communication, external cutaneous opening, enhancement and suprasphincteric extension. Surgical correlation was done in 31 @entity0 who opted for surgical treatment. Rest of the 19 @entity0 preferred alternative medicine for treatment or chose to postpone their surgery. RESULTS: The disease was much more prevalent in males in comparison to females with male to female ratio of 24:1. Grade 4 was the most common type of @entity2 (34%) while Grade 5 was the least common type (4%).MRI showed a high sensitivity of 93.7% and positive predictive value ( @entity3 ) of 96.7% when correlated with surgical findings. A substantial number of @entity0 (38%) preferred alternative medicine or non surgical form of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is a very sensitive modality for the evaluation of perianal @entity2 . In our study group, the disease predominantly affected middle aged @entity0 . Ramifications and abscesses were commonly seen, affecting nearly half of the @entity0 and majority of the @entity0 had active fistulous tracks with posteriorly located enteric opening. Overall, transsphincteric fistulae were most common. Significant number of @entity0 avoided surgery or showed preference for non surgical treatment.

title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Characterization of Perianal XXXX in a Rural Based Tertiary Hospital of North India.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cell therapies for inherited @entity2 are based on the implantation of normal or genetically corrected myogenic cells into the body. This review summarizes the recent progress in this field, systematized according to the factors important for success. RECENT FINDINGS: In the choice of donor cells, myoblasts derived from satellite cells remain the best choice. Some studies on the population of muscle-derived stem cells in @entity1 suggested that these cells may have some advantages over myoblasts; however, no results supporting this advantage have been presented in a primate model. Recent studies on bone marrow transplantation as a systemic source of myogenic precursors for the treatment of @entity2 were disappointing. Concerning donor cell delivery, intramuscular myoblast injection remains the only way that can significantly introduce exogenous myogenic cells into the muscles. A recent study in primates showed some parameters of myoblast injection that could be useful in the @entity0 . Progress was made in @entity1 to understand the factors that could favor the migration of the donor myoblasts in the host muscles. Concerning donor cell survival, analysis of immune cell infiltration dynamics allowed a better understanding of the factors implicated in early donor cell death. Progress was made on the control of acute rejection for myoblast transplantation in primates. So far, few @entity1 experiments have advanced the field of tolerance induction toward myogenic cells. SUMMARY: Myoblast transplantation (intramuscular injection of satellite cell-derived myoblasts) currently remains the only cell-based therapy that has produced promising results in the context of a preclinical model such as the nonhuman primate.

title: Cell therapies for inherited XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines for @entity1 management include nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs with opioids administered in a time-contingent manner. This study was designed to evaluate the role of oral @entity8 or transdermal @entity4 polymer, a @entity3 donor, as coadjuvants to oral @entity5 in @entity1 therapy. METHODS: After institutional approval and informed @entity0 consent were obtained, 60 @entity0 with @entity1 were randomized to one of four groups (n = 15) and studied prospectively to evaluate @entity6 and any adverse effects. A visual analog scale that consisted of a 10-cm line with 0 representing "no @entity2 at all" and 10 representing "the worst possible @entity2 " was introduced. All @entity0 were regularly taking oral @entity9 50 mg at bedtime. The @entity5 regimen was adjusted individually to a maximal oral dose of 80-90 mg/day to keep the visual analog scale score less than 4. When @entity0 reported @entity2 (visual analog scale of 4 or more), despite taking 80-90 mg oral @entity5 daily, the test drug was added as follows: the control group (CG) received an additional 20 mg oral @entity5 (10 mg at 12-h intervals); the @entity4 group (NG) received a 5-mg @entity4 patch daily; the @entity8 group (KG) received 0.5 mg/kg oral @entity8 at 12-h intervals; and the @entity10 group (DG) received 500 mg oral @entity10 at 6-h intervals. @entity0 were free to manipulate their daily @entity5 consumption when the test drug was introduced to keep their visual analog scale score less than 4. RESULTS: The groups were similar with respect to demographic data and visual analog scale @entity2 scores before treatment. The visual analog scale scores after the test drug was introduced were similar among the groups. The daily consumption of oral @entity5 was as follows: on day 15: CG = DG = NG (P > 0.05), CG > KG (P = 0.036); on day 20: CG > NG = KG (P < 0.02) (CG > KG, P < 0.005; CG > NG, P < 0.02), DG > KG (P < 0.05); on day 30: CG = DG > KG = NG (P < 0.05). @entity0 in the CG and DG groups reported @entity7 , but @entity0 in the NG and KG groups did not. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity8 and transdermal @entity4 were effective coadjuvant analgesics. In conjunction with their opioid tolerance-sparing function, joint delivery of @entity8 or @entity3 donors with opiates may be of significant benefit in @entity1 management.

title: Oral @entity8 and transdermal @entity4 as analgesic adjuvants to oral @entity5 therapy for XXXX management.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the relationship between foveal thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and foveal function measured with multi focal electroretinography (mfERG) in @entity0 with non-proliferative @entity1 , and with no previous laser treatment. METHODS: Twenty-six eyes from 18 @entity1 @entity0 (13 @entity0 ), aged 59 years, (range 28-79 years), @entity1 duration 15 years, (range 2-27 years), with a macular thickness between 200 and 600 microm were evaluated by mfERG, visual acuity (ETDRS score) and OCT. Mean amplitudes and implicit times of the mfERG responses were analyzed within the four innermost (14 degrees) of the six concentric rings. For comparison with the results from the OCT (diameter of measured area = 6 mm) we analyzed the summed response from the first and second ring (central zone), corresponding to the central area of the OCT. The third(zone 2) and fourth (zone 3)of the four innermost of the six concentric rings measured by the mfERG corresponding to the second and third area of OCT. RESULTS: An increased macular thickness in the central area of the OCT correlated to reduced amplitudes (r = -0.541; P = 0.004) and prolonged implicit times (r = 0.548; P = 0.004) in the central zone of the mfERG, and inversely correlated with visual acuity, -0.49; P = 0.045. Retinal thickness in the second area was correlated to prolonged implicit times in the second mfERG zone (r = -0.416; P = 0.034). No correlations were found for the third area of the OCT. When macular thickness exceeded 300 mum the decrease of amplitudes and prolonged implicit times, measured by mfERG, seemed to be more pronounced. CONCLUSION: In conclusion increased macular thickness is correlated with reduced amplitudes and prolonged implicit times on the mf ERG and worse visual acuity.

title: In XXXX , foveal thickness of 300 mum seems to correlate with functionally significant loss of vision.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Two definitions of T1 hypointense (T1H) lesions can be derived from pre-contrast images: those that may or may not have a corresponding @entity3 -enhancing correlate on post-contrast images (T1H total), and those that are simultaneously non- @entity3 -enhancing on post-contrast scans (T1H non-enhancing). To determine the differences in lesion evolution between these two T1H definitions, we examined the effect of @entity2 40 mg/mL three times weekly subcutaneous injection (GA40) on the number of new or enlarging T1H total and T1H non-enhancing lesions in @entity0 with relapsing-remitting @entity1 (RRMS). METHODS: The Phase III GALA study randomized 1404 RRMS subjects 2:1 to receive GA40 or placebo for 12 months. MRI scans were obtained at baseline and at months 6 and 12. Cumulative numbers of T1H total and of T1H non-enhancing lesions were analyzed using an adjusted negative binomial regression model. A total of 1,357 @entity0 had MRI data collected at either the month 6 or month 12 visit. RESULTS: Among the 1,357 @entity0 with MRI scans performed at either the month 6 or month 12 visit, 883 treated with GA40 developed an adjusted cumulative mean of 1.72 T1H total lesions versus 2.62 in 440 placebo controls (risk ratio, .66; 95% CI, .54-.80; P < .0001). On T1H non-enhanced scans, GA40-treated @entity0 developed an adjusted cumulative mean of 1.35 T1H non-enhancing lesions versus 1.91 in placebo controls (risk ratio, .71; CI, .58-.87; P = .0009). CONCLUSIONS: GA40 significantly reduced the number of new or enlarging T1H total lesions and T1H non-enhancing lesions compared with placebo. Although the treatment effect magnitude was comparable with both definitions, the use of T1H non-enhancing lesions may be more relevant for more uniform standardization in future clinical trials.

title: The Effect of Three Times a Week Glatiramer Acetate on Cerebral T1 Hypointense Lesions in Relapsing-Remitting XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In acute stage of @entity3 , the surrounding zone of fresh @entity4 is termed penumbra, where microglia are activated in response to damaged cell-derived proinflammatory mediators. Rescuing penumbra by regulating inflammatory activity would minimize @entity4 volume, which positively correlates with functional outcome. To elucidate mechanisms by which inflammation occurs in penumbra, we performed immunohistochemical investigations using autopsied @entity0 brains affected by acute, subacute and chronic stages of @entity3 as well as cell culture experiments using a @entity1 microglia-derived cell line (BV-2). In penumbra of fresh @entity4 , immunoreactivity for @entity12 ( @entity12 ), which is responsible for the production and release of the proinflammatory mediator @entity8 ( @entity11 ), was intensely detected in neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, immunoreactivities for the LPC receptors G protein-coupled receptor 132 ( @entity13 ) and P2X purinoreceptor 7 (P2X7R), as well as the CC chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( @entity7 ) and its receptor @entity9 , were detectable in activated microglia. Prior to cell culture experiments, it was confirmed that BV-2 cells were immunoreactive for ionized @entity2 -binding adaptor molecule 1 ( @entity10 ), @entity13 , P2X7R, @entity7 and @entity9 . Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that @entity7 and @entity9 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased by LPC stimulation. The LPC-driven increase in @entity7 transcripts was lowered by blockade of @entity13 or P2X7R or by inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) or inhibitor of kBa kinase. The LPC-driven increase in @entity9 transcripts was lowered by blockade of @entity13 or P2X7R or by inhibition of ROCK, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinanse, extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, or @entity5 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The present results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that in acute stage of @entity3 , the @entity12 enzyme product LPC is released from neurons and astrocytes and stimulates penumbra microglia via @entity13 and P2X7R, thereby exerting the @entity7 / @entity9 -mediated @entity6 through distinct cell-signaling pathways.

title: Activated microglia in @entity3 penumbra upregulate @entity7 and XXXX expression in response to @entity8 derived from adjacent neurons and astrocytes.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a multiinstitutional phase II study of @entity2 in combination with @entity3 and trastuzumab in @entity1 eligible to receive first- or second-line treatment for @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 ( @entity4 )-positive ( @entity4 (+)) @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was designed to test that the true confirmed response rate (CRR) was at most 45% vs. a true CRR of at least 65%. Between March 2005 and June 2008, eligible @entity1 received @entity2 825 mg/m   orally on days 1 to 14, @entity3 25 mg/m   intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks, and trastuzumab 8 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 week 1 and 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The main outcome measure was CRR. RESULTS: Of 47 @entity1 accrued, 45 were evaluable. This design required at least 25 confirmed responses in the 45 evaluable @entity1 for the treatment to be considered promising. Thirty @entity1 (67%) achieved a confirmed response; 25 @entity1 (56%) had a confirmed partial response (PR); 5 @entity1 (11%) had confirmed complete responses (CRs). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4-16.7 months). Median overall survival was 28.5 months (95% CI, 24.8-36.4 months). CONCLUSIONS: This triplet combination demonstrated promising activity in @entity1 with @entity4 (+) @entity0 .

title: Phase II interventional study (N0337) of XXXX in combination with @entity3 and trastuzumab for first- or second-line treatment of @entity4 -positive @entity0 : a north central cancer treatment group trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Prevention of @entity4 in @entity5 requires identification and treatment of coronary risk factors in @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: We evaluated the prevalence of "traditional coronary risk factors" in @entity7 in 1,795 @entity0 enrolled in the baseline period of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) Study. Using a cross-sectional design, we determined the relationship of these risk factors to the level of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and @entity6 . We also predicted the @entity4 risk in the @entity2 Study baseline cohort using the coronary point score. RESULTS: 64.0% had blood pressure > or = 130/85 mmHg despite antihypertensive therapy. 64.2% had LDL @entity3 > or = 130 mg/dl, while 38.3% had HDL @entity3 < 35 mg/dl. After adjustment for age, gender and the presence of @entity1 , GFR was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure and positively associated with HDL @entity3 , but not associated with total or LDL @entity3 . After adjustment for age. gender and the presence of @entity1 , @entity6 was positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total serum @entity3 and LDL @entity3 , and inversely associated with HDL @entity3 . Nonetheless, the predicted @entity4 risk, even at a very low GFR, was similar to the risk in the general population and lower than the observed rate of de novo @entity4 in incident dialysis @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: "Traditional coronary risk factors" are highly prevalent in @entity7 and vary with the level of renal function. However, the coronary point score does not appear to explain the extent of increased @entity4 risk in @entity5 . Non-traditional risk factors may also contribute to @entity4 in @entity5 .

title: Cardiovascular disease risk factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Controversy exists regarding surgery for true short oesophagus (TSOE). We compared the results of thoracoscopic Collis gastroplasty-laparoscopic Nissen procedure for the treatment of TSOE with the results of standard laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2013, the Collis-Nissen procedure was performed in 65 @entity0 who underwent minimally invasive surgery when the length of the abdominal oesophagus, measured intraoperatively after maximal oesophageal mediastinal mobilization, was  <=1.5 cm. The results of the Collis-Nissen procedure were frequency-matched according to age, sex and period of surgical treatment with those of 65 standard Nissen fundoplication procedures in @entity0 with a length of the abdominal oesophagus >1.5 cm. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were evaluated according to the Accordion classification. The @entity0 underwent a timed clinical-instrumental follow-up that included symptoms assessment, barium swallow and endoscopy. Symptoms, @entity2 and global results were graded according to semi-quantitative scales. The results were considered to be excellent in the absence of symptoms and @entity2 , good if symptoms occurred two to four times a month in the absence of @entity2 , fair if symptoms occurred two to four times a week in the presence of hyperaemia, @entity1 and/or microscopic @entity2 and poor if symptoms occurred on a daily basis in the presence of any grade of endoscopic @entity2 , @entity3 of any size or type, or the need for antireflux medical therapy. The follow-up time was calculated from the time of surgery to the last complete follow-up. RESULTS: The postoperative mortality rate was 1.5% for the Collis-Nissen and 0 for the Nissen procedure. The postoperative complication rate was 24% for the Collis-Nissen and 7% for Nissen (P = 0.001) procedure. The complication rate for the Collis-Nissen procedure was 43% in the first 32 cases and 6% in the last 33 cases (P < 0.0001). The median follow-up period was 96 months. The results were: excellent in 27% of Collis-Nissen and 29% of Nissen; good in 64% of Collis-Nissen and 55% of Nissen; fair in 3% of Collis-Nissen and 11% of Nissen and poor in 6% of Collis-Nissen and 5% of Nissen (P = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 affected by a TSOE, the Collis-Nissen procedure may achieve equally satisfactory results as the standard Nissen procedure in uncomplicated @entity0 . CLINICAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02288988.

title: Results of left thoracoscopic Collis gastroplasty with laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for the surgical treatment of true short oesophagus in XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies on cost of caring for @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have simultaneously considered multiple dimensions of disease costs and detailed clinical characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To estimate empirically the incremental effects of @entity0 ' clinical characteristics on disease costs. METHODS: Data are derived from the baseline visit of 180 @entity0 in the Predictors Study, a large, multicenter cohort of @entity0 with probable @entity2 followed from early stages of the disease. All @entity0 initially lived at home, in retirement homes, or in assisted living facilities. Costs of direct medical care included hospitalizations, outpatient treatment and procedures, assistive devices, and medications. Costs of direct nonmedical care included home health aides, respite care, and adult day care. Indirect costs were measured by caregiving time. @entity0 ' clinical characteristics included cognitive status, functional capacity, @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity4 , extrapyramidal signs, comorbidities, and duration of illness. RESULTS: A 1-point increase in the Blessed @entity3 Rating Scale score was associated with a  1,411 increase in direct medical costs and a  2,718 increase in unpaid caregiving costs. Direct medical costs also were  3,777 higher among subjects with @entity4 than among those who were not depressed. CONCLUSIONS: Medical care costs and unpaid caregiving costs relate differently to @entity0 ' clinical characteristics. Poorer functional status is associated with higher medical care costs and unpaid caregiving costs. Interventions may be particularly useful if targeted in the areas of basic and instrumental activities of daily living.

title: Clinical features associated with costs in early XXXX : baseline data from the Predictors Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Organogenesis occurs through cell division, expansion, and differentiation. How these cellular processes are coordinated remains elusive. The @entity0 ( @entity0 ) leaf provides a robust system to study cellular differentiation due to its distinct tissues and cell types. The narrow odd dwarf (nod) mutant displays defects at both the cellular and tissue level that increase in severity throughout growth. nod mutant leaves have reduced size due to fewer and smaller cells compared to wild type. The juvenile-to-adult transition is delayed and proximal distal-patterning is abnormal in this mutant. Differentiation of specialized cells such as those forming stomata and trichomes is incomplete. Analysis of nod-1 sectors suggests that @entity1 plays a cell-autonomous function in the leaf. We cloned nod positionally and found that it encodes @entity2 ( @entity2 ), the @entity0 MID-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY (MCA) homolog. @entity2 / @entity1 is localized to the membrane and is enriched in dividing tissues. Transcriptome analysis of nod mutants revealed overrepresentation of cell wall, hormone metabolism, and defense gene categories. We propose that @entity1 coordinates cell activity in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues.

title: The XXXX MID-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY Homolog @entity2 /NARROW ODD DWARF Coordinates Organ Growth and Tissue Patterning.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 after @entity5 may cause @entity2 and @entity1 . In @entity0 refractory to conservative treatment and not eligible for ventral sacral root stimulation for electrically induced micturition, we investigated the therapeutic value of sacral bladder denervation as a stand-alone procedure. METHODS: Nine @entity0 (8 @entity0 and 1 @entity0 ) between 21 and 58 years old (mean 30.2) with traumatic suprasacral spinal cord lesions underwent sacral bladder denervation for treatment of @entity7 . RESULTS: @entity3 and @entity7 were eliminated in all cases. Bladder capacity increased from 177.8 +/- 39.6 to 668.9 +/- 64.3 mL; intravesical pressure decreased from 89.3 +/- 19.1 to 20.2 +/- 2.7 cm @entity6 . For facilitating clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), 4 @entity0 received a continent vesicostomy in a second-stage procedure; one of them in combination with bladder augmentation. Four @entity0 empty their bladder by way of urethral CIC. One completely tetraplegic @entity0 has an indwelling urethral catheter. In the 5 @entity0 with @entity4 was lowered from 196 +/- 16.9 to 124 +/- 9.3 mm Hg and the diastolic blood pressure from 114 +/- 5.1 to 76 +/- 5.1. The annual frequency of urinary tract infections decreased from 9 +/- 1.2 to 1.8 +/- 0.7. In all @entity0 , renal function remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: In selected @entity0 with @entity7 , sacral bladder denervation is a valuable treatment option. It is only moderately invasive in nature, requires neither sophisticated nor expensive medical equipment, and is an attractive alternative to urinary diversion using intestinal segments.

title: Sacral bladder denervation for treatment of @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4 Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study has provided information about @entity3 in 18790 @entity4 , subjected to pronounced blood pressure (BP) lowering for a mean of 3.8 years. The HOT study data have subsequently been analysed after stratification of the @entity0 according to global cardiovascular risk, and it has been found that, despite intensive blood pressure lowering in all risk strata, morbid event rates increased with increasing risk stratum. OBJECTIVES: Previously analysed global risk strata were based on combinations of risk factors. The analyses presented here were intended to provide information on the relative role that the presence of each individual factor may have in increasing cardiovascular risk, despite good BP control. METHODS: Risk ratios (RR) for @entity0 with and those without a risk factor were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a Cox proportional hazard model, and adjusted for all variables except the one under examination. RESULTS: For all risk factors considered and for all types of event, RR were always greater than 1, indicating a greater risk in the presence, compared with that in the absence of each factor. The male gender was a statistically significant risk for cardiovascular (CV) events, CV and total mortality and particularly for @entity7 ( @entity7 ); age > or = 65 years for CV events, @entity2 , CV and particularly total mortality; smoking for all events analysed, but particularly for total mortality (twice higher in smokers than in non-smokers); high serum @entity5 (> 6.8 mmol/l) for CV events, @entity7 and CV mortality; high serum @entity8 (> 155 micromol/l) for CV events, @entity2 , CV and total mortality; @entity1 for CV events, @entity2 , total mortality and particularly CV mortality; and @entity6 for all events analysed. Adjusted RR were often close to or greater than 2. CONCLUSIONS: Each of the risk factors considered was found to be an important cause of residual risk, despite good BP control. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing other correctable risk factors, e.g. smoking, hypercholesterolaemia and @entity1 , as well as rigorous control of blood pressure, and of initiating antihypertensive therapy before cardiovascular and renal damage becomes manifest.

title: Effects of individual risk factors on the incidence of XXXX in the treated @entity4 @entity0 of the @entity4 Optimal Treatment Study. HOT Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The echinostomatid metacercariae encysted in the gill of the fresh water fish, @entity2 were identified through obtaining adult worms after experimental @entity1 to @entity0 . In addition, a brief course of worm development and maturation was observed in this experimental host. The results were as follows: The echinostomatid metacercariae were elliptical, golden yellow, 0.073~0.078 mm long and 0.054-0.065 mm wide. Their head portions were characterized by the presence of a head crown armed with collar spines of total 24 in number and interrupted at the mid-dorsal side of the oral sucker. The average rate of worm recovery from 12 @entity0 (on the 1-21th postinfection days) was 19.4 percent and the rate revealed no decrease in accordance with the increase of @entity1 duration. The worms were collected chiefly from the lower part of the small intestine. After the @entity1 , their sexual maturation was attained in 5 days and their growth in size nearly completed in 7 days. The early growth curve of genital organs was S shape while that of nongenital organs was C form. In 5 day old worms, l or 2 eggs were found from their uteri and the stools of @entity0 revealed echinostomatid eggs from the 5-6th postinfection day. The 7 day old adult worms were ovoid in shape, 0.54-0.69 mm long and 0.29-0.34 mm wide, and characterized by a well developed head crown with 24 collar spines and vitelline follicles distributed from the acetabular level down to the posterior end of body. Based on these characters they were identified to be Echinochasmus japonicus Tanabe, 1926. From these results, it is verified that @entity2 is one of the second intermediate hosts of @entity3 in Korea.

title: [Metacercariae of Echinochasmus japonicus encysted in a fresh water fish, XXXX , and their development in experimental @entity0 ]

answer: @entity2