abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gene duplications are an important factor in plant evolution and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) genes are of particular interest. Receptor-like kinases (RLK) expanded massively in land plants and @entity0 -Rich Repeat (LRR)-RLKs constitute the largest RLK family. Based on the phylogeny of 7,554 LRR-RLK genes from 31 fully sequenced flowering plant genomes, the complex evolutionary dynamics of this family was characterized in depth. We studied the involvement of selection during the expansion of this family among angiosperms. LRR-RLK subgroups harbor extremely contrasted rates of duplication, retention or loss and @entity2 copies are predominantly found in subgroups involved in environmental interactions. Expansion rates also differ significantly depending on the time when rounds of expansion or loss occurred on the angiosperm phylogenetic tree. Finally, using a dN/dS-based test in a phylogenetic framework, we searched for selection footprints on @entity2 and single-copy LRR-RLK genes. Selective constraint appeared to be globally relaxed at @entity2 genes and codons under positive selection were detected in 50% of them. Moreover, the LRR domains - and specifically four @entity1 in them - were found to be the main targets of positive selection. Here, we provide an extensive overview of the expansion and evolution of this very large gene family.

title: Evolutionary dynamics of the XXXX -Rich Repeats Receptor-Like Kinase (LRR-RLK) subfamily in angiosperms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study compares the probability of disease progression, progression-free survival, and overall survival between @entity0 undergoing an allogeneic or autologous transplant for @entity7 using an identical preparative regimen. @entity0 received a preparative regimen of @entity1 , @entity8 , and @entity3 followed by an allogeneic or autologous transplant. In the allogeneic group (n = 21), six @entity0 received bone marrow and 15 received @entity5 mobilized PBSC; all autologous @entity0 (n = 35) received PBSC mobilized with @entity3 and @entity5 . Allogeneic donors were HLA-identical (n = 20) or one-antigen mismatched (n = 1) siblings. @entity9 ( @entity9 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity4 (n = 10), @entity4 / @entity6 (n = 6), @entity2 / @entity6 (n = 4), or @entity2 (n = 1). The groups were evenly matched for gender, pretransplant therapy, disease status at time of transplant, @entity7 subtype, and time from diagnosis to transplant. The median age was significantly lower in the allogeneic group (48 vs 55 years, P < 0.01). In the allogeneic group the probabilities of developing acute @entity9 grade II-IV and chronic @entity9 were 55% and 82%, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier probability of disease progression was significantly lower in the allogeneic group (11% vs 64%, P < 0.001) compared to the autologous group. Although progression-free (60% vs 30%, P = 0.19) and overall survival at 2 years (60% vs 42%, P = 0.39) favored the allogeneic group, this did not reach statistical significance. Within the allogeneic transplant group, @entity0 age 50 years or under had a 3-year overall survival significantly higher when compared to older @entity0 (79% vs 29%, P = 0.03). Using identical preparative regimens, allogeneic transplantation reduced disease progression compared to autologous transplantation for @entity7 . This suggests that allogeneic transplantation induces a @entity9 ( @entity9 ) effect.

title: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation reduces disease progression compared to autologous transplantation in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium simiae has been identified as the most prevalent slow growing mycobacteria that has been isolated among Iranian @entity0 . Due to an importance of molecular approaches in the treatment of nontuberculosis mycobacteria, this study aimed to evaluate molecular drug susceptibility testing against the first-line ( @entity3 and @entity5 ) and second-line ( @entity4 - @entity6 and @entity7 ) treatment in different subtypes of M. simiae. METHODS: The study involved all @entity0 presenting to our referral @entity2 center from March 2014 to August 2016, with confirmation of M. Simiae. For all sputum samples, after digestion and decontamination, followed by DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed using the @entity8 gene. Furthermore, susceptibility to @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity7 were evaluated using rpoB, @entity9 , katG, gyrA, and rrs genes, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 60 cases (58.33% @entity0 and 41.66% @entity0 ) of M. simiae @entity1 were identified and all were confirmed as subtype I. All the @entity0 were resistant to the first line- @entity2 drugs, while 88.33% and 91.66% of cases were susceptible to @entity4 and both @entity6 and @entity7 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Regarding the given result, first-line @entity2 drugs should be excluded from the treatment regimen of M. simiae @entity0 . In addition, subtype I seems to be the most or even the only isolated M. simiae subtype among all Iranian @entity0 . While both @entity6 and @entity7 drugs showed better efficacy in the treatment M. simiae, the most susceptible antibiotic is still indeterminate.

title: Molecular drug susceptibility testing against the first-line ( @entity3 and @entity5 ) and second-line ( @entity4 - XXXX and @entity7 ) treatment in different subtypes of Mycobacterium simiae.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A 62-year-old @entity0 with multiple nontender skin nodules is presented. Some of these nodules discharged a purulent looking fluid. At presentation, the @entity0 did not have any other complaints. No infectious, neoplastic, or immunologic origin could be found for the nodular rash. Biochemical profile, imaging, and skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) accompanying asymptomatic @entity3 . The process involved the mesenteric, subcutaneous, and intramedullary fat. The @entity2 were surgically treated. Mesenteric and intramedullary fat @entity1 were watched closely. A year later, the @entity0 was readmitted with a diagnosis of @entity3 . Subcutaneous and intramedullary @entity1 were completely resolved at this time, and only mesenteric fat @entity1 prevailed. The clinical syndrome of @entity4 , its etiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis are discussed.

title: Disseminated fat @entity1 with asymptomatic XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of pulse inversion harmonic digital sonography, unenhanced transabdominal sonography, and @entity2 -enhanced MR imaging in the depiction of liver metastases. In addition, pulse inversion harmonic digital sonography was performed at different scanning times after Levovist injection to define the best phase for depiction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive @entity0 with findings of extrahepatic primary @entity1 and liver metastases suspected on transabdominal sonography were examined with both pulse inversion harmonic imaging and @entity2 -enhanced MR imaging within a 7-day period. Pulse inversion harmonic imaging was performed before and at 20, 100, and 180 sec after a bolus injection of Levovist. MR imaging was performed before and after @entity2 administration, using breath-hold gradient-recalled echo T1-weighted and turbo spin-echo short tau inversion recovery T2-weighted sequences. Two radiologists independently evaluated image quality, and the number, location, and diameter of lesions scanned using both techniques. Intraoperative sonography or at least 8-month follow-up confirmed the lesions depicted. Analyses included Wilcoxon's signed rank test and Interclass correlation test. RESULTS: Levovist-enhanced pulse inversion harmonic imaging revealed 104 metastases on the first scan after contrast injection, 126 on the second scan, and 118 on the third, compared with 66 on the unenhanced scan. Pulse inversion harmonic digital sonography depicted 90% of lesions shown on @entity2 -enhanced MR imaging (140 metastases) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Levovist-enhanced pulse inversion harmonic digital sonography is a sensitive technique for depiction of liver metastases. Pulse inversion harmonic digital sonography may have a potential role in imaging @entity0 with possible metastatic involvement of the liver. Further studies are needed to define its place in the workup of these @entity0 . At present, @entity2 -enhanced MR imaging, being more sensitive, must be performed in all @entity0 in whom pulse inversion harmonic digital sonography is not conclusive or when after pulse inversion harmonic digital sonography, @entity0 remain eligible for surgery.

title: Comparing Levovist-enhanced pulse inversion harmonic imaging and XXXX -enhanced MR imaging of hepatic metastases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity0 who undergo diagnostic laparoscopy for @entity2 do not have pelvic pathology. This has led to an interest in @entity3 that might contribute to their experience of @entity1 . This study was designed to evaluate the effects of diagnostic laparoscopy on @entity0 with @entity2 and to explore possible psychological mechanisms. METHODS: Seventy-one @entity0 undergoing laparoscopy for @entity2 were randomly allocated to one of two groups waiting different lengths of time for laparoscopy. @entity0 were interviewed before laparoscopy and were followed up 1 week, 3 months and 6 months afterwards. @entity1 was assessed with an interview measure, diaries and visual analogue scales. RESULTS: @entity1 reductions were observed from before to after diagnostic laparoscopy. Regression analysis was used to identify factors which predicted improvements in @entity1 . The hypothesis that @entity3 would predict improvements in @entity1 was confirmed. @entity1 improvements after laparoscopy were predicted by beliefs about @entity1 and the change in each @entity0 's evaluation of the seriousness of her condition. Other than baseline @entity1 , these psychological variables were the only ones to emerge as predictors of @entity1 change despite exploratory analysis of over 40 other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic laparoscopy can have beneficial effects in @entity0 with @entity2 . These effects appear to be the result of psychological mechanisms. Further investigation of these mechanisms could help in the understanding and treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: The psychological effects of laparoscopy on @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twelve active acromegalic @entity0 (10 @entity0 , 2 @entity0 ) were chronically treated with a long-acting microcapsulated preparation of @entity7 (Sandostatin LAR, Novartis). In each case, a @entity6 -producing pituitary @entity3 was responsible for the development of @entity5 (microadenomas in 3 and macroadenomas in the rest of the @entity0 ). Treatment with long-acting @entity7 was indicated for those @entity0 who had not reacted satisfactorily upon previous therapeutic procedures or proved to be unsuitable for irradiation therapy and/or surgery or refused both of these therapies. The preparation was given intramuscularly in every fourth week, generally in a dose of 20-30 mg. After a 6-month treatment, the daily mean of serum @entity6 became suppressed below 2.5 ng/ml in 58.3% of the @entity0 , whereas the @entity6 nadir during oral @entity2 tolerance test was found at or below 2.5 ng/ml in an even higher proportion of @entity0 (70%). During a 2-year period, the @entity6 -suppressive effect of long-acting @entity7 remained stable in all but one @entity0 . The size of the @entity4 remarkably decreased in 50% of this @entity0 cohort. The medication with this preparation was well tolerated. As adverse events, asymptomatic @entity8 was detected in 2 @entity0 and biliary sludge-formation in 1 @entity0 . The total number of @entity0 with @entity2 metabolism disturbances increased only moderately, however, the occurrence of manifest @entity1 became doubled. On the basis of relevant literature data, it can be stated that the mortality rate of successfully treated acromegalics significantly improves. The present retrospective study yields evidence for the microcapsulated @entity7 to be an effective tool in the modern therapy of @entity5 .

title: [Current alternative in the pharmacotherapy of @entity5 : the long-acting somatostatin analogue XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Neoadjuvant radiation and chemotherapy in @entity1 reduces local recurrences and increases the rate of conservative sphincter surgery. However, an increase in postoperative morbidity and mortality has also been observed. This study analyzed the operative @entity2 in @entity0 with this treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 103 @entity0 with @entity1 , divided into two groups: group A, 53 @entity0 undergoing preoperative radiotherapy with 45 Gy combined with chemotherapy, and group B, 50 @entity0 with @entity1 who received surgery after diagnosis. Both groups were homogeneous. The two groups were compared for both technical difficulty, using intraoperative data and rate of complications. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to intraoperative or postoperative data. In group A there were 20 complications in 17 @entity0 (32%) and in group B 22 complications in 19 @entity0 (38%). The rates of perineal wound infection were similar. The percentage of @entity3 was higher in group A. A greater number of anterior resections was performed in group A. CONCLUSION: Preoperative radiation and chemotherapy in @entity1 does not @entity2 and increases the rate of sphincter-preserving surgery.

title: Neoadjuvant radiation and chemotherapy in XXXX does not @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Segments from almost all parts of the bowel have been used for urinary diversion. As a result, the available absorptive surface area of the bowel is reduced, and the incorporation of bowel segments into the urinary tract may have metabolic consequences. This is an area somewhat neglected in the literature. @entity5 are rare, but sub-clinical metabolic disturbances are quite common. Several studies have demonstrated that some of the absorbent and secreting properties of the bowel tissue are preserved after incorporation into the urinary tract. Hyperchloraemic @entity2 can occur if ileal and/or colon segments are used, as well as malabsorption of @entity3 and @entity4 after the use of ileal segments. These metabolic effects are not as severe as may be suspected and can be prevented by prophylactic substitution. @entity1 can develop as a long-term consequence of bladder augmentation. Using @entity1 are most likely to occur at the ureteral implantation site. To prevent metabolic complications, careful @entity0 selection and meticulous and lifelong follow up, as well as prophylactic treatment, are mandatory. Endoscopy for early detection has been recommended, starting 10 years postoperatively for @entity0 who underwent surgery for a benign condition.

title: Bladder augmentation and urinary diversion in XXXX with neurogenic bladder: non-surgical considerations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity0 with @entity5 treat @entity1 episodes with over-the-counter medication. Combination analgesics containing @entity6 may be more effective and as well tolerated as monotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of @entity2 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 in @entity5 using recently recommended endpoints. METHODS: Four randomized, controlled trials of identical design in 1,900 @entity0 with @entity5 comparing @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity6 vs. @entity4 or placebo were pooled. Analysis populations were 'all @entity1 episodes' and those with 'severe @entity3 at baseline'. Post-hoc defined primary endpoint: @entity1 episodes @entity3 -free at 2  h. Secondary endpoints: @entity1 episodes @entity3 -free at 1  h, @entity1 response at 2  h (mild or no @entity3 ), degree of interference with daily activities. RESULTS: 6,861 @entity1 episodes were treated, including 2,215 severe @entity1 episodes. The proportion of @entity1 episodes @entity3 -free at 2  h was significantly higher with the triple combination (28.5%) vs. @entity4 (21.0%) and placebo (18.0%) (p   <   0.0001), and similarly for those severe at baseline (20.2% vs. 12.1% and 10.8%; p    <=   0.0003). A similar pattern of superiority was observed for secondary endpoints. The triple combination was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity6 is effective and well tolerated in @entity5 , and significantly superior to @entity4 with regard to being @entity3 -free at 2  h, @entity1 response at 2  h and ability to return to daily activities, even in those with @entity3 rated severe at baseline.

title: Use of a fixed combination of XXXX , @entity4 and @entity6 compared with @entity4 alone in @entity5 : meta-analysis of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the incidence of @entity4 -associated @entity3 , the interventional outcomes of severe @entity3 , and impact of severe @entity3 on the outcomes of @entity4 treatment in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 620 @entity0 were administered adjuvant or palliative @entity4 for @entity2 at Asan Medical Center between January 2000 and July 2012. This analysis focused on a group of 42 @entity0 who developed a severe @entity3 requiring major interventions, defined as dose interruption or reduction of @entity4 or systemic @entity1 use. RESULTS: Of the 620 @entity0 treated with @entity4 , 148 @entity0 (23.9%) developed an @entity4 -associated @entity3 ; 42 @entity0 (6.8%) developed a severe @entity3 requiring major intervention. Of these, 28 @entity0 (66.8%) successfully continued @entity4 with interventions. Serial blood eosinophil levels during @entity4 treatment were associated with @entity3 and severity. A significant association was observed between successful intervention and blood eosinophil level at the time of intervention initiation. In metastatic settings, @entity0 with severe @entity3 requiring major interventions tended to show poorer progression-free survival than @entity0 who did not require major intervention and @entity0 with no @entity3 , although this finding was not statistically significant (p=0.326). CONCLUSION: By aggressive treatment of severe @entity3 through modification of @entity4 dose or use of systemic @entity1 , the majority of @entity0 can continue on @entity4 . In particular, @entity4 dose intensity can be maintained with use of systemic @entity1 . Measuring the blood eosinophil levels may be helpful in guiding the management plan for @entity3 regarding the intensity and duration of interventions.

title: Severe @entity4 -Associated Skin Rash in @entity2 XXXX : Management and Clinical Implications.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three distinct -S and - @entity1 or @entity7 containing compounds, including @entity11 , @entity3 and @entity5 , were studied as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and @entity10 ( @entity9 /Fs) inhibitors. All these three -S and -N containing compounds tested show strong suppression of @entity9 /Fs formation, especially for @entity5 which has not been studied before. With a (S+N)/Cl molar ratio of only 0.47, @entity5 could inhibit 97.3% of @entity9 /Fs and even 99.8% of I-TEQ. At an unusually high de novo test temperature (650  C), the @entity9 /Fs' formation was still very low but also the inhibition capacity of @entity5 was weak, with an efficiency of 59% for @entity9 /Fs when with a (S+N)/Cl molar ratio of 1.40. The results also revealed that the inhibition capability of the combined -S/- @entity1 or -S/ @entity7 suppressant was strongly influenced by both the nature of the functional group of @entity0 and the value of the molar ratio (S+N)/Cl. The @entity4 functional group - @entity1 tends to be more efficient than ammonium NH4(+) and within a certain range a higher (S+N)/Cl value leads to a higher inhibition efficiency. Moreover, the emission of gases was continuously monitored: the Gasmet results revealed that @entity6 , @entity8 and @entity2 were the most important decomposition products of @entity5 . @entity5 is non-toxic, environment-friendly and can be sprayed into the post-combustion zone in form of powder or aqueous solution. The cost of @entity5 at least can be partially compensated by its high inhibition efficiency. Therefore, the application of @entity5 in a full-scale incinerator system is promising and encouraging.

title: XXXX /Fs' suppression by sulfur-amine/ammonium compounds.

answer: @entity9


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although focal cerebral @entity8 are infrequent in the term newborn, they must be considered when neurologic symptoms appear, especially when @entity6 are present. OBJECTIVE: Possible risk factors to suffer from these pathologies have been studied, as well as their evolution, to try to give a prognosis. @entity0 AND METHODS: The term newborns with focal @entity2 or hemorrhagic @entity4 who presented symptoms in the neonatal period have been studied for 10 years (January 1990-March 2000) in our @entity0 s Hospital Miguel Servet of Zaragoza (Spain). The newborns have been studied in our hospital, and their evolution followed in the Neuropediatric Consulting Room. From each case data about familiar history, pregnancy, labor, clinical manifestations, physical examination, complementary studies, diagnosis and neurodevelopment evolution have been collected. RESULTS. From the nine cases found, four were @entity9 of the left medial cerebral artery, and five were @entity7 . Except in two cases in which an important birth @entity5 was present, any other antecedent that could be the cause was found. All except one manifested as @entity6 . Neuroimaging studies visualized the @entity3 in all of them. A slight @entity1 remains in seven @entity0 , and it is severe in one. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 are infrequent in term newborns. Most of the times their etiology is not found. These accidents usually manifestate as focal @entity6 in the immediate neonatal period, and neuroimaging studies (ECO-TC) are essential for the diagnosis. The long term evolution is favorable in most of the cases, although focal @entity1 remains present frequently.

title: [Focal cerebral XXXX in the term newborn. Review of the last decade].

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this phase I study was to determine the safety and @entity2 profile of @entity1 administered as an intravesical agent in @entity0 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) of the bladder. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with superficial @entity3 refractory to intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) therapy and refusing a cystectomy were considered eligible for the trial. @entity1 was given in the bladder for 1 hour twice weekly in 100 mL @entity10 for a total of six treatments. After a 1-week break, a second course of six treatments over 3 weeks was given, followed by response assessment. Four dose levels were explored: 500 mg, 1,000 mg, 1,500 mg, and 2,000 mg. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 completed therapy: three at 500 mg, six at 1,000 mg, three at 1,500 mg, and six at 2,000 mg. No grade 3 or 4 @entity2 was observed at 500 mg. At 1,000 mg, three @entity0 developed @entity5 and one had a skin reaction resembling grade 3 @entity11 . Three @entity0 at 1,500 mg had no grade 3 or 4 @entity2 . Of six @entity0 at 2,000 mg, one had grade 3 @entity6 and @entity7 without @entity4 . Seven @entity0 had a complete response (negative cytology and posttreatment biopsy), and four @entity0 had a mixed response (negative bladder biopsy but positive cytology). CONCLUSION: @entity1 has substantial activity as an intravesical agent in BCG-refractory @entity9 and warrants further investigation. Therapy given twice weekly was associated with minimal @entity8 and tolerable myelosuppression. The recommended phase II dose for twice-weekly therapy is 2,000 mg.

title: Phase I trial of intravesical XXXX in bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin-refractory @entity9 of the bladder.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is an uncommon disease and the histopathogenesis is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate their clinicopathological and immunophenotypic profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity9 was reconfirmed in biopsy tissue from 10 @entity0 in a period of 17 years. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the archival materials, with antibodies to lymphoid antigens and oncogene products, @entity5 and @entity2 . Six reactive @entity3 and three tonsils were used for comparative study of the phenotypic expression. RESULT: There were three cases of plasma-cell and seven of hyaline-vascular variant. The ages of @entity0 ranged from eight to 60 years (median 30 years). The three @entity0 with plasma-cell variant were older, all females. Two of the plasma-cell variant had multicentric lesions associated with @entity1 . All @entity0 with hyaline-vascular variant had localised disease. @entity4 centres were present in all the diagnostic tissue of both subtypes, with loss of @entity5 follicular centre B-cells and presence of relatively few @entity6 T-cells. These follicle centres stained strongly with anti- @entity8 . In the mantle zone, @entity7 expression was observed in only two cases and @entity2 expression similar to reactive follicles was present in six. CONCLUSION: Loss of @entity10 -cells in the @entity4 follicle centres, characteristic @entity8 network patterns, low rate of @entity7 and @entity2 expression in the mantle-zone lymphocytes are present in both variants of @entity9 , differ distinctly from reactive follicles. The phenotypic similarity in these two variants suggests possibility of closely related pathogeneses.

title: The immunophenotypic patterns of follicle centre and mantle zone in XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The number and distribution of neurons within the vertebrate retina are tightly regulated. This is particularly apparent in the highly ordered, crystalline-like arrangement of the cone photoreceptors in the teleost. In this report, using a transgenic line of @entity2 , a novel and developmentally regulated mosaic pattern of the rod photoreceptors is described. The spatial and temporal expression of EGFP, under the control of the @entity1 @entity3 gene promoter, was nearly identical to the endogenous @entity3 . EGFP was first detected in the ventral nasal retinal in an area of precocious neurogenesis referred to as the "ventral patch". Subsequent expression of EGFP was observed in isolated cells sporadically distributed across the dorsal and central retina. However, confocal microscopy and spatial analysis of @entity0 or retinal explants from adults revealed a precise arrangement to the rod photoreceptors. The rod terminals were arranged in regularly spaced rows with clearly identifiable telodendria linking neighboring cells. The rod inner segments projected through the cone mosaic in a predictable pattern. In the adult, the rod mosaic originated near the retinal margin where clusters of rods differentiated around the immature short single cone. In the embryo, the sporadic differentiation of the rods led to the gradual formation of the mosaic pattern. With the growing interest in neuronal stem cells, revisiting this model of neurogenesis provides an avenue to uncover mechanisms underlying the precise integration of new neuronal elements into a preexisting neural network.

title: Development of a rod photoreceptor mosaic revealed in transgenic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate if @entity2 ( @entity2 ) contralateral to the @entity4 can interfere with the compensatory @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 (17 males, 10 females) with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (14 on the right, 13 on the left) have been treated at the Nephrology Unit of the Pediatric Department of the University of Verona from birth up to the second year of life. All these @entity0 were diagnosed as having @entity4 by prenatal ultrasonography. Seven @entity0 (4 males and 3 females) had @entity2 (5 monolateral, 2 bilateral), diagnosed at the end of the first month of life. After diagnosis children underwent antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity3 compounds at low doses. Four @entity0 underwent a surgical correction of @entity2 associated with nephrectomy within the second year of life. The remaining 3 @entity0 were treated with antibiotic prophylaxis; a progressive resolution or downgrading of reflux grade took place respectively in 1 and in 2 of them. Only 6 @entity0 with @entity4 underwent nephrectomy. @entity1 was studied by serial echographic measurements of the @entity1 (performed at birth, at 6 months, and at 2 years of life). RESULTS: Renal length was 5.68+/-1.24 cm, 6.72+/-0.88 cm, 8.56+/-1.27 cm in @entity0 without @entity2 , respectively at birth, 6 months and 2 years of life. Renal length was 4.65+/-0.63 cm, 6.70+/-0.64 cm, 7.07+/-1.14 cm in @entity0 with @entity2 , respectively at birth, 6 months and 2 years of life. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups at birth (p<0.05) and at 2 years of life (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion is that @entity2 contralateral to the @entity4 is associated with small kidneys and reduced renal growth both at birth and at 2 years of life.

title: XXXX and contralateral @entity2 . @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Pleural fluid cytology and non-image-guided Abrams or @entity5 biopsies have sensitivities of approximately 30% for detecting @entity4 , and thoracoscopic biopsy has a sensitivity of approximately 90%. The difference between these two probably relates to obtaining adequate tissue. The use of immunohistochemical stains allows a firm diagnosis to be made from relatively small samples. This study explores whether percutaneous image-guided cutting needle biopsy (CNB) combined with immunohistochemistry is accurate in diagnosing @entity1 due to @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of image-guided CNB of @entity1 performed on consecutive @entity0 over 7 years by a single radiologist. SETTING: Teaching hospital chest radiology department. @entity0 : Twenty-one adult @entity0 with a final diagnosis of @entity4 were identified from 53 consecutive @entity0 who underwent percutaneous image-guided CNB. All 21 @entity0 had @entity1 identified on contrast-enhanced CT, and all had a final histologic diagnosis of @entity3 confirmed by postmortem examination or thoracoscopy. INTERVENTIONS: Fourteen-gauge and 18-gauge cutting needles were used. Biopsy guidance was by ultrasound in 6 @entity0 and by CT in 15 @entity0 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A correct histologic diagnosis of @entity4 was made by CNB in 18 @entity0 (86% sensitivity and 100% specificity). Complications included one chest wall @entity2 and a small hemoptysis. Four @entity0 with a @entity1 thickness of < or = 5 mm underwent biopsy, and all specimens were diagnostic for @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Image-guided percutaneous CNB of @entity1 is a safe procedure, with 86% sensitivity for detecting @entity4 . Pleural thickening of < or = 5 mm may be successfully sampled.

title: Percutaneous image-guided cutting needle biopsy of the pleura in the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess possible clinical predictors of @entity1 to the brain in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained, informed consent was waived, and data and other information were obtained prior to implementation of HIPAA. A review was performed of 264 @entity0 (mean age, 65 years; 158 @entity0 and 106 @entity0 ) with @entity4 who had undergone imaging studies of the chest and head. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to determine the predicted probability of @entity1 to the brain as a function of @entity0 age and sex and of size, cell type, peripheral versus central location, and lymph node stage of the primary @entity4 . RESULTS: Ninety-five (36%) @entity0 had evidence of @entity1 to the brain. Mean diameter of the primary @entity2 was 4.0 cm +/- 2.2 (standard deviation). Cell types included @entity3 (136 [52%] @entity0 ), undifferentiated (68 [26%] @entity0 ), and squamous (47 [18%] @entity0 ), for which @entity1 to the brain occurred in 43%, 41%, and 13% (P = .003) of @entity0 , respectively. The predicted probability of @entity1 to the brain correlated positively with size of the @entity2 (P < .001), cell type ( @entity3 and undifferentiated vs squamous, P = .001), and lymph node stage (P < .017) but did not correlate with age, sex, or @entity2 location. For primary @entity3 without lymph node spread, the predicted probabilities of @entity1 to the brain from 2- and 6-cm primary @entity2 were .14 (95% confidence interval: .06, .27) and .72 (95% confidence interval: .48, .88), respectively (P < .02). CONCLUSION: The probability of @entity1 to the brain from primary @entity4 is correlated with size of the @entity2 , cell type, and intrathoracic lymph node stage.

title: Clinical predictors of XXXX to the brain from @entity4 : @entity2 size, cell type, and lymph node @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Single institution and population-based studies highlight that infectious complications following transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy (TRUS PNB) are increasing. Such @entity1 are largely attributable to @entity4 resistant microorganisms which colonize the rectal vault and are translocated into the bloodstream during the biopsy procedure. A @entity7 rectal preparation (PIRP) at time of biopsy is a simple, reproducible method to reduce rectal microorganism colony counts and therefore resultant @entity1 following TRUS PNB. All @entity0 are administered three days of oral antibiotic therapy prior to biopsy. The PIRP technique involves initially positioning the @entity0 in the standard manner for a TRUS PNB. Following digital rectal examination, 15 ml  of a 10% solution of commercially available @entity7 is mixed with 5 ml  of 1% @entity6 jelly to create slurry. A 4 cm x 4 cm sterile gauze is soaked in this slurry and then inserted into the rectal vault for 2 min after which it is removed. Thereafter, a disposable @entity5 gynecologic swab is used to paint both the perianal area and the rectal vault to a distance of 3 cm from the anus. The @entity7 solution is then allowed to dry for 2 - 3 min prior to proceeding with standard transrectal ultrasonography and subsequent biopsy. This PIRP technique has been in practice at our institution since March of 2012 with an associated reduction of post-biopsy @entity1 from 4.3% to 0.6% (p = 0.02). The principal advantage of this prophylaxis regimen is its simplicity and reproducibility with use of an easily available, inexpensive agent to reduce @entity1 . Furthermore, the technique avoids exposing @entity0 to additional systemic antibiotics with potential further propagation of multi-drug resistant organisms. Usage of PIRP at TRUS PNB, however, is not applicable for @entity0 with @entity3 or shellfish @entity2 .

title: XXXX Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection.

answer: @entity7


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2 addiction is a significant health and societal problem for which there is no highly effective long-term behavioral or pharmacological treatment. Therefore, strategies that support @entity2 abstinence should be a primary focus of @entity2 treatment research. To this end, the current study used an animal conflict model that captures the aversive consequences of drug seeking (as are typical in @entity0 , e.g., incarceration and job loss) to induce abstinence. Using this abstinence model, we examined the capacity of environmental enrichment (EE) to facilitate abstinence in @entity2 seeking @entity1 . METHODS: The procedure consisted of two phases: drug self-administration (phase 1) and electric barrier application (phase 2) that resulted in abstinence. For phase 1, male @entity1 were trained to self-administer intravenous @entity2 under a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. After self-administration was acquired, animals were housed either in EE or standard cages (non-EE control). During abstinence in phase 2, the electric barrier was introduced in the operant conditioning chambers by electrifying the floor area near the levers. RESULTS: We found that EE @entity1 achieved abstinence (zero active lever presses for 3 consecutive sessions) in significantly fewer sessions than NEE @entity1 . Further, EE @entity1 abstained at significantly lower electric currents than NEE @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: EE facilitated abstinence in the conflict model. The current use of the abstinence-conflict model to investigate EE as a behavioral strategy to facilitate abstinence will help in the development of effective treatments for @entity0 addicts by bringing together the positive consequences of abstinent behavior in an enriched environment with the aversive consequences of drug seeking.

title: Environmental enrichment induces early XXXX abstinence in an animal conflict model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify @entity1 associated with @entity5 ; type and frequency of various @entity5 associated with selected genetic and @entity1 ; and devise a suitable classification for @entity5 . METHODS: Pediatric cases referred with @entity6 , @entity3 and suspected genetic and @entity2 were enrolled prospectively. Relevant clinical details (including an ophthalmologic examination) and investigations were recorded. RESULT: Of the 1308 @entity0 enrolled, 679 (51.9%) had @entity5 . 458 cases (67.45%) out of these 679 had @entity6 and 20 (2.94%) had neuroregression. Environmental (12.22%) and @entity7 (10.9%) were the largest etiological groups. Down syndrome was the commonest of the @entity7 and mongoloid slant and epicanthic folds were its commonest ophthalmologic features. Mucopolysaccharidoses (21.4%), @entity9 (19.64%), @entity10 (16.07%) and lipid storage disorders (14.29%) were the most common @entity8 associated with @entity5 . Of the 39 cases with @entity1 , @entity1 (56.41%) were the commonest associated with @entity4 . A simple anatomical classification has been devised for various @entity5 encountered (wherein, positional and @entity11 were the commonest). CONCLUSION: Up to 50% of cases referred to the genetic services have @entity5 . Conditions including @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity1 and environmental factors are associated with @entity4 . Anatomically, positional and @entity11 are the commonest.

title: Congenital and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest a negative association between @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Moreover, @entity5 -positive strains are reported to protect from complications of @entity2 . The aim of this study was to determine virulence factors ( @entity5 , vacA and iceA) of @entity3 strains and the pattern of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity2 in comparison with @entity0 with duodenal ulcer (DU) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: @entity3 strains isolated from gastric biopsies of 105 consecutive @entity0 with mild to moderate erosive @entity2 (n = 35, LA grade A-B), and from sex- and age-matched @entity0 with DU (n = 35) or @entity4 (n = 35 without reflux symptoms) were investigated. @entity5 , vacA, and iceA genotypes were determined by PCR analysis of the isolates. @entity6 was classified in accordance with the updated Sydney classification. RESULTS: The prevalence of all three @entity3 virulence factors was higher in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity5 + 80%, vacA s1 77%, iceA1 71%) and DU ( @entity5 + 83%, vacA s1 80%, iceA1 74%) than in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity5 + 40%, vacA s1 49%, iceA1 46%). @entity6 activity in the antrum and corpus did not differ between the three groups. However, lymphocytic infiltration of the gastric antral mucosa was more pronounced in DU @entity0 than in those with @entity2 or @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 strains obtained from @entity0 with mild to moderate erosive @entity2 show a virulence pattern similar to that found in DU @entity0 . The presence of these virulence factors does not appear to protect against @entity1 in the oesophagus.

title: XXXX genotypes and expression of @entity6 in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding @entity3 distribution of potentially infectious (parous) mosquitoes at various hours of the night would be useful in establishing the likely impact of bed nets on @entity1 transmission. Bed nets are highly effective at preventing @entity3 by older @entity1 vectors, which occurs when most @entity0 are in bed. However, this behaviour is likely to vary across ecological settings and among mosquito populations. METHODS: Field experiments were conducted in Minepa village within Kilombero Valley. Two outdoor catching stations located approximately 50  m from each other were established for mosquito collection. On each experimental night, mosquitoes were collected using @entity0 landing catch (HLC) by a single adult male at each station from 18:00 to 07:00  h. To compare the distribution of mosquito @entity3 and the composition of their age structure, mosquitoes were sorted and recorded according to the hour they were collected. A sub-sample of @entity2 was dissected to determine their parity status. Insectary-reared An. arabiensis within the semi-field system (SFS) with known age were also released in the SFS (10  m  *  20  m) and recaptured hourly using HLC to determine the effect of parity on @entity3 distribution. RESULTS: Overall, there was no statistical association between the parity status and the @entity3 time of An. arabiensis either in the field or in the SFS (P  >=   0.05). The wild and insectary-reared An. arabiensis were observed to exhibit different hourly @entity3 patterns. CONCLUSION: The study has shown that mosquito @entity3 time phenotype is not influenced by their parity status. These findings imply that the risk of @entity0 exposure to potentially infectious bites is equally distributed throughout the night, thus supplementary measures to protect @entity0 against bites in evening and morning are desirable.

title: Bites before and after bedtime can carry a high risk of XXXX malaria infection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Infection by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing enterohemorrhagic @entity4 (EHEC) results in severe @entity2 , @entity5 , and, occasionally, @entity10 ( @entity10 ). @entity10 is associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, many of which are produced by macrophages in the kidneys, indicating that localized host innate immunity likely plays a role in renal pathogenesis. EHEC serotypes may express one or two classes of serologically defined but structurally and functionally-related Shiga toxins called @entity11 and @entity12 . Of these, @entity12 appears to be linked to higher rates of @entity10 than @entity11 . To investigate a possible reason for this, we exposed @entity0 macrophage-like @entity9 cells to @entity11 or @entity12 and then used the Luminex multiplex system to assess cytokine/chemokine concentrations in culture supernatant solutions. This analysis revealed that, relative to @entity11 , @entity12 significantly caused increased expression of @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity6 and @entity3 in macrophage-like @entity9 cells. This was determined to not be due to a difference in @entity1 since both @entity11 and @entity12 displayed similar cytotoxic activities on macrophage-like @entity9 cells. These observations indicate that, in vitro, @entity12 can provoke a greater pro-inflammatory response than @entity11 in macrophages and provides a possible partial explanation for higher rates of @entity10 in @entity0 infected with EHEC strains expressing @entity12 . To begin to determine a mechanism for Shiga toxin-mediated cytokine production, we exposed macrophage-like @entity9 cells to @entity11 or @entity12 subunits. Luminex analysis of cytokines in cell culture supernatant solutions demonstrated that neither subunit alone induced a cytokine response in @entity9 cells.

title: The Effects of Shiga Toxin 1, 2 and Their Subunits on Cytokine and Chemokine Expression by @entity0 Macrophage-Like XXXX Cells.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Local unresectable recurrence of @entity6 is one of the most challenging @entity1 to treat. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a new, noninvasive technique with potential to ablate and inactivate @entity1 . Treatment of @entity1 with @entity8 has been reported. In this study, we assessed safety and efficacy of @entity8 in treating local unresectable recurrence of @entity6 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 27 @entity0 who had local unresectable recurrence of @entity6 from 2006 to 2010. Changes of biochemical markers and @entity4 rating, response rate, disease control rate, @entity2 progression-free survival, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were used to evaluate efficacy of @entity8 treatment. RESULTS: @entity8 resulted in a significant change in alkaline phosphatase and @entity7 dehydrogenase and a remarkably relief in @entity4 rating, without severe side effects. According to MRI examination 4-6 weeks after @entity8 treatment, 2 (7.4%) @entity0 had complete response (CR), 12 (44.4%) had partial response (PR), 9 (33.3%) had @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 4 (14.8%) had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The response rate was 51.8% and the @entity2 control rate was 85.2%. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year @entity2 control rates were 59.2%, 40.7% and 33.1%, respectively. The median @entity2 progression-free time was 14 months, the median progression-free time was 13 months and the median over-all survival time was 21 months. @entity0 without @entity5 had a better @entity2 control rate at 1-,2-,3-year and a longer @entity2 progression-free time, progression-free time, over-all survival time than @entity0 with @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity8 is a safe and noninvasive treatment for local unresectable recurrence of @entity6 , with good local control and without severe complications.

title: @entity8 : Noninvasive treatment for local unresectable recurrence of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2 is the most feared part of the terminal life of many @entity0 with @entity1 , the intensity and the quality of the @entity2 is all too often only scantly described. METHOD: The quality and quantity of @entity2 were prospectively registered by five variables, including a visual analogue scale (VAS), in 46 consecutive @entity0 with exocrine @entity3 . RESULTS: Twenty-seven percent of the @entity0 were @entity2 free and 24 (53%) @entity0 reported little or no @entity2 at the time of diagnosis. Only 5 (11%) @entity0 had severe @entity2 . @entity0 with @entity1 in the head of the pancreas had @entity2 than @entity0 with @entity1 in the body or tail of the pancreas, which could not be explained by stage or size of the @entity1 . With time there were less and less @entity0 with little or no @entity2 (VAS 0-2), but after 8 and 10 weeks about one third of the @entity0 were still without any @entity2 (VAS < or = 0). With time there was also a tendency to treat @entity0 more frequently with @entity4 in spite of a low @entity2 score. Preoperative @entity2 simply measured with VAS is an addition to prognostic information. CONCLUSION: @entity2 in @entity3 is not as common as usually stated at the time of diagnosis, but is related to the site of the @entity1 . Eventually more @entity0 are treated with opioid drugs. Evaluation of the @entity2 pattern is an addition to prognostic information.

title: Prospective evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parotid glands @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity1 @entity0 have provided conflicting results currently. PURPOSE: To determine if parotid gland @entity2 using a small region of interest (ROI) can provide diagnosis and assess therapeutic efficacy in @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 with @entity1 , five with @entity3 who did not meet diagnostic criteria for @entity1 , and 11 healthy volunteers (controls) were evaluated with @entity2 . All @entity0 received routine T1-weighted (T1W) imaging and T2-weighted ( @entity4 ) fat-suppressed imaging, and @entity2 . The SI ratios (SIRs) and ADC ratios (ADCRs) for parotid gland/spinal cord were then calculated. Approximately 8-10 round ROIs measuring approximately 5   mm(2) were placed on each lobe of the parotid gland, and the signal intensity (SI) was measured while avoiding fat, ducts, and blood vessels. A ROI encompassing the entire lobe of the parotid gland was also used to measure SI. RESULTS: Using 5   mm(2) ROIs significantly higher @entity2 SIRs were noted in @entity0 with @entity1 compared with either @entity0 with @entity3 without @entity1 or healthy volunteers (all, P <0.001). The difference was not related to the presence of fat. No differences were noted when the larger ROI was used. In addition, parotid gland from untreated Sj  gren's @entity0 showed significantly higher SIRs compared with those from treated @entity0 (P   =   0.015). CONCLUSION: A small ROI @entity2 can provide morphological and functional information on the parotid gland in @entity1 @entity0 , and can aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.

title: Diffusion-weighted MRI findings in XXXX : a preliminary study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlations between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and the standardized uptake value (SUV) with prognostic factors in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with @entity0 (56 cases of @entity7 , four of mixed @entity8 , three of lobular invasive @entity4 , two of @entity4 , and one each of mixed @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity4 , and @entity6 ) were included in this study. All @entity1 underwent presurgical breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at 1.5T and whole-body @entity5 ( @entity5 ) positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT). For all invasive @entity0 and @entity7 , we assessed the relationships among ADC, SUV, and pathological prognostic factors. RESULTS: Both the median ADC value and maximum SUV (SUVmax) were significantly associated with @entity9 (P = 0.008 and P = 0.026, respectively). SUVmax was also significantly correlated with @entity2 size (P = 0.001), histological grade (P = 0.001), lymph node status (P = 0.0015), @entity3 receptor status (P = 0.010), and @entity1 @entity11 status (P = 0.020), whereas ADC values were not. The correlation between the ADC and SUVmax was not significant (P = 0.356; R = -0.112). @entity4 showed high ADC and relatively low SUVmax. @entity4 showed low ADC and high SUVmax. When we evaluated the relationships among ADC, SUVmax, and prognostic factors in the 56 @entity7 , our statistical results were not significantly changed, except SUVmax was also significantly associated with @entity10 receptor status (P = 0.034), but not lymph node status. CONCLUSION: SUVmax may be valuable for predicting the prognosis of @entity0 . Both ADC and SUVmax are useful to predict @entity9 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Diffusion-weighted imaging and XXXX positron emission tomography/computed tomography in @entity0 : Correlation of the apparent diffusion coefficient and maximum standardized uptake values with prognostic factors.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether @entity2 stress @entity5 (DSTF) quantitative gated single photon emission computed tomography (QGS) could predict late spontaneous improvement of cardiac function in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity1 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: The study included 26 @entity0 with recently diagnosed (<2 months) idiopathic @entity1 and a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) lower than 45%. DSTF-QGS was performed in all @entity0 to measure @entity4 at rest and during @entity2 infusion (10 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)). @entity4 and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) were determined by echocardiography, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was estimated at baseline and after 1 year. After 1 year of treatment, the echocardiographic @entity4 improved by greater than 5% in 13 @entity0 (group A) but did not improve in the remaining 13 @entity0 (group B). At baseline, the echocardiographic @entity4 , LVEDV, and NYHA functional class were similar in both groups. However, there was a greater increase in the @entity4 during the @entity2 infusion portion of the DSTF-QGS (DeltaLVEF) in group A than in group B (13.1% +/- 5.9% vs 2.6% +/- 4.1%, P <.0001). If a critical value for the DeltaLVEF of 7.0% was used to predict improvement in @entity4 after treatment, the sensitivity was 84.7% and the specificity was 84.7%. LVEDV and NYHA functional class improved to a greater extent in group A than in group B. CONCLUSIONS: DSTF-QGS can be used to predict late spontaneous improvement in cardiac function and symptoms after treatment in @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 .

title: Myocardial contractile reserve determined by XXXX stress Tc-99m tetrofosmin quantitative gated SPECT predicts late spontaneous improvement in cardiac function in @entity0 with recent-onset @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The survival rate of grafted fat is difficult to predict, and repeated procedures are frequently required. In this study, the effects of the freezing period of harvested adipose tissue and the addition of @entity0 adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) on the process of fat absorption were studied. METHODS: Adipose tissue was obtained from @entity0 who underwent a lipoaspirated fat graft. The fat tissue was cryopreserved at -20    in a domestic refrigerator. A total of 40 @entity1 were used. The @entity1 in the experimental group received three different subcutaneous injections in the back: an injection of fresh fat and ASCs, an injection of fat that had been frozen for one month and ASCs, and an injection of fat that had been frozen for two months and ASCs. The control @entity1 received fat grafts without ASCs. The @entity1 were sacrificed at four or eight weeks after the procedure, and the grafted fat tissues were harvested. The extracted fat was evaluated using photographic analysis, volume measurements, and histological examination. RESULTS: In the control group, the fat resorption rates four weeks after transplantation in the grafts of fresh fat, fat that had been frozen for one month, and fat that had been frozen for two months were 21.14%, 22.46%, and 42.56%, respectively. In the experimental group, the corresponding resorption rates were 6.68%, 13.0%, and 33.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ASCs can increase the fat graft survival rate. The use of ASCs in fat grafting can reduce the need for repeated fat grafts and provide good long term results.

title: The Relationship of a Combination of XXXX Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Frozen Fat with the Survival Rate of Transplanted Fat.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 serve as constituents of proteins, precursors for anabolism, and, in some cases, as signaling molecules in @entity0 and plants. This review is focused on new insights, or speculations, on signaling functions of @entity3 , y-aminobutyric acid ( @entity6 ) and @entity5 -derived @entity10 . @entity3 acts as signal in brain tissue and @entity0 @entity1 cells. In plants, de novo @entity3 biosynthesis is also highly active in fast growing tissues such as meristems, suggesting a similar role of @entity3 as in @entity0 . @entity6 functions as inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In plants, @entity6 is also abundant and seems to be involved in sexual reproduction, cell elongation, patterning and cell identity. The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, @entity4 , and @entity8 are precursors for the production of secondary plant products. Besides their pharmaceutical value, @entity9 , @entity9 and hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA) deriving from @entity10 metabolism and, in the case of HCAA, also from @entity2 have been shown to fulfill signaling functions or are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. Although some basics on @entity10 -derived signaling have been described, little is known on recognition- or signal transduction mechanisms. In general, mutant- and transgenic approaches will be helpful to elucidate the mechanistic basis of metabolite signaling.

title: XXXX - A life between metabolism and signaling.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a common cause of @entity5 , and no approved treatment is available in the US to slow disease progression. The @entity8 signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in @entity1 , and, while @entity8 inhibitors are highly effective in rodent models, clinical trials in @entity12 have been disappointing due to dose-limiting extra-renal side effects. Since @entity8 is known to be regulated by nutrients and cellular energy status we hypothesized that dietary restriction may affect @entity1 growth. Here we show that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by 23% profoundly affects @entity10 in an orthologous @entity2 model of @entity12 with a mosaic conditional knockout of @entity9 . This mild level of @entity3 does not affect normal body @entity6 , cause @entity7 or any other apparent side effects. @entity3 substantially slows disease progression: relative kidney weight increase was 41% vs. 151% in controls, proliferation of cyst-lining cells was 7.7% vs. 15.9% in controls. @entity2 on @entity3 diet maintained kidney function and did not progress to @entity5 . The two major branches of @entity11 signaling, S6 and 4EBP1, are both suppressed in cyst-lining cells by @entity3 suggesting that this dietary regimen may be more broadly effective than pharmacological @entity8 inhibition with rapalogues which primarily affects the S6 branch. These results indicate that @entity10 are exquisitely sensitive to minor reductions in nutrient supply or energy status. This study suggests that a mild @entity4 represents a potential therapeutic intervention to slow disease progression in @entity12 @entity0 .

title: A mild reduction of food intake slows disease progression in an orthologous XXXX model of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MRI and MR angiography for the assessment of @entity4 compared with the usefulness of conventional duplex sonography, venography, and arteriography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Nineteen @entity0 (age range, 8-64 years; 11 males and eight females) with clinically diagnosed or suspected @entity3 of the extremities were examined on a 1.5-T whole-body MR scanner. Using parameters based on a fast localizer sequence, we acquired transverse or coronal T1-, T2-, short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Dynamic contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo MRIs were acquired to determine the extent and type of the @entity7 for each @entity0 . MR data sets were evaluated for lesion depiction, determination of the extent of the @entity2 , involvement of neighboring structures, vascular detail, and treatment planning. Results were compared with findings from duplex sonography, venography, and intraarterial digital subtraction angiography. RESULTS: All MRIs were of diagnostic quality and revealed 12 @entity1 , four @entity7 , and three @entity6 . The STIR sequence was helpful for determining the extent of the @entity5 , which was often underestimated using contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography alone, whereas dynamic contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography was required for classifying the type of the lesion. MR angiography was inferior to conventional angiography for revealing vascular detail and for planning intervention. CONCLUSION: MRI and MR angiography appear to be valuable for the assessment of @entity5 of the extremities. The protocol for imaging such malformations should combine dynamic contrast-enhanced 3D gradient-echo MRI with STIR sequences. However, digital subtraction angiography and venography are still required for definitive treatment decisions.

title: Comprehensive time-resolved MRI of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: A phase II trial investigated the activity and @entity2 of a bolus administration schedule of @entity3 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity5 (LV) therapy in @entity0 with untreated advanced @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 in this multicenter, open, nonrandomized study received @entity3 130 mg/m(2) on the first day of each course and @entity4 and LV 350 mg/m(2) and 20 mg/m(2), respectively, as a daily bolus for 5 days, every 21 days, for a maximum of six courses. RESULTS: Partial responses occurred in 18 @entity0 , giving an intent-to-treat response rate of 40.0%. Median time to response was 12.7 weeks; median duration of response was 18.4 weeks. Median progression-free survival was 5.9 months; median survival was 14 months. The independent prognostic factors for improved overall survival were good performance status and negative carcino-embryonic antigen blood level. Incidences of adverse effects were reduced after the @entity4 dose was reduced to 300 mg/m(2). Reversible @entity2 occurred in 44.4% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Bolus administration of @entity3 , @entity4 , and LV as first-line therapy for untreated advanced @entity1 is efficacious and safe. In addition to a more favorable safety profile, the 300 mg/m(2) dosage offered improved dose-intensity compared with the initial dosage.

title: Bolus @entity4 and XXXX with @entity3 as first-line treatment in metastatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether small intestine intramucosal @entity7 ) and mucosal blood flow changes would be different between @entity1 and @entity3 . DESIGN: Randomized animal experiment. SETTING: Research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and surgically instrumented @entity5 . INTERVENTIONS: Systemic @entity0 delivery was lowered in a stepwise manner to decrease it beyond critical @entity0 delivery by lowering either FIO(2) or blood volume. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In @entity3 @entity5 (n = 6), arterial @entity0 concentration and @entity0 delivery decreases were achieved by progressively reducing arterial PO(2) while cardiac index remained unchanged. In @entity6 @entity5 (n = 5), @entity0 delivery reduction was achieved by progressively reducing cardiac index while arterial PO(2) remained unchanged. In control @entity5 , @entity0 delivery remained unchanged. The lowest @entity0 delivery measured in both @entity3 and @entity1 experiments was 3.60 +/- 0.26 vs. 2.93 +/- 0.77 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively (p =.23). At the lowest @entity0 delivery level, differences between @entity6 and @entity3 experiments were observed for arterial @entity4 concentration (468 +/- 308 vs. 1070 +/- 218 mmol/L, respectively; p =.03), mixed venous arterial @entity7 ) difference (10 +/- 7 vs. 4 +/- 2 torr, respectively; p =.04), and small intestine mucosal blood flow (6.2 +/- 2.1 vs. 15.7 +/- 7.4 perfusion units, respectively; p =.02). Small intestine intramucosal-arterial difference was higher in @entity6 than in @entity3 (52 +/- 15 vs. 31 +/- 12 torr, respectively; p =.03). CONCLUSION: Small intestine intramucosal @entity7 ) increases may indicate systemic @entity0 uptake supply limitation in @entity1 and @entity3 related to conditions of mucosal flow stagnation and @entity2 generation.

title: Small intestine intramucosal @entity7 ) and microvascular blood flow during @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is characterized by the triad of @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity5 , and caf  -au-lait skin pigmentation. Ninety percent of @entity4 @entity0 have @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity2 . @entity3 of the jaw (ONJ) has been described as an adverse side effect of @entity7 therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate evidence of clinical and/or radiological signs of ONJ in @entity1 / @entity4 pediatric @entity0 due to @entity7 therapy and describe odontoiatric tools in this population. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 / @entity4 @entity0 were enrolled. All @entity0 during pediatric age have been treated with @entity6 infusions. They underwent complete oral clinical examination. Ortopantomography and/or CT were evaluated in all cases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: No @entity0 developed ONJ. None of them showed radiological signs different from jaw @entity1 . In spite of the low number of @entity0 enrolled, results confirm that, in this population, ONJ can be ruled out as a chronic adverse side effect of @entity7 therapy.

title: Odontoiatric perspectives and XXXX of the jaw as a possible adverse effect of bisphosphonates therapy in @entity1 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the effect of higher @entity3 (P) level on endometrial receptivity. METHODS: This was a prospective analysis conducted in the Reproductive Medical Center of Peking University Third Hospital. All @entity0 received IVF treatment and canceled embryo transfer in the same cycle and were divided into group 1 (normal P; 7 @entity0 ) and group 2 (elevated P; 12 @entity0 ). Endometrial biopsies were performed 6 days after oocyte retrieval. The global miRNA and mRNA gene expressions in endometrial biopsies were investigated with a V4.0 miRNA probe and 22 K @entity0 Genome Array. Fold ratios were derived to compare gene regulation between the groups. @entity2 and @entity4 gene expression was selected to verify the array results by RT-PCR and the protein expression of @entity2 and @entity1 was determined using an immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: There were 4 miRNA (all down-regulated) and 22 mRNA (13 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated) exhibiting differential expression between the groups on the microRNA and microarray chips. miRNA-451, @entity2 , and @entity4 expression in RT-PCR verified the array results. @entity2 and @entity1 were also shown to have positive expression in the endometrium. CONCLUSIONS: Data from microRNA and microarray analysis suggests dissimilar endometrial receptivity in @entity0 with high P levels on the day of hCG, and elevated @entity2 and decreased @entity1 had poor pregnancy rates.

title: MicroRNA array and microarray evaluation of endometrial receptivity in XXXX with high serum @entity3 levels on the day of hCG administration.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increase in @entity4 is the most important parameter for the identification of @entity1 carriers. However, in routine screening for @entity3 , some cases are difficult to classify because the level of @entity4 is not typically elevated. In this work, we report the results of a molecular investigation on a cohort of subjects with borderline @entity4 . METHODS: All subjects with a @entity1 carrier partner and a borderline percentage level of @entity4 were investigated for the presence of a pathological mutation in the b-globin gene. All negative subjects were screened for both the @entity2 mutation and the presence of aaa/ or aaaa/ alleles. The subjects with reduced MCV and/or @entity5 were also screened for deletional and nondeletional a-globin gene defects. RESULTS: Various b-globin mutations and @entity2 gene defects are the most common @entity0 responsible for this phenotype in our population. CONCLUSION: @entity2 mutations are important in a screening program for @entity3 . An increase in HbF in association with borderline @entity4 levels is a useful but not exclusive marker that suggests the investigation of this gene. On the basis of our findings, we are able to suggest the molecular procedure to use in a population characterized by a high prevalence of @entity1 carriers.

title: The Problem of Borderline Hemoglobin A2 Levels in the Screening for XXXX Carriers in Sardinia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of the diagnostic value and confidence of contrast-enhanced MR imaging in @entity0 with @entity5 in comparison to clinical diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 42 consecutive @entity0 with clinically proven chronic @entity5 and 10 @entity6 of healthy controls have been examined on a 1.0 T MR-unit. Criteria for inclusion in the prospective study were: persistent @entity2 and a failed conservative therapy. The MR protocol included STIR sequence, a native, T2-weighted, fat-suppressed TSE sequence, and a Flash-2-D sequence. Also, fat-suppressed, T1-weighted SE sequences before and after administration of @entity7 contrast media have been recorded. RESULTS: In 39/42 @entity0 the STIR sequence showed an increased SI of the common extensor tendon. Increased MR signal of the lateral collateral ligament combined with a thickening and a partial @entity4 or a full thickness tear have been observed in 15/42 cases. A @entity3 at the lateral epicondilus was noticed in 6 of the studied @entity0 and a joint effusion in 18/42 @entity0 . After administration of contrast media we noticed an average increase of SI by about 150%. However, enhanced MR imaging did not provide additional information. CONCLUSION: In MR imaging of @entity1 administration of @entity7 does not provide additional information.

title: [MRI in XXXX humeri radialis using 1.0 T equipment--contrast medium administration necessary?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The association of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and @entity5 is extremely rare. This association has been described in only six cases. We present a 4-year-old male admitted with a history of @entity6 and @entity3 . Investigations revealed multiple calculi in both kidneys. A right pyelolithotomy and left nephrectomy were performed. Histological examination demonstrated @entity10 and @entity8 . At discharge serum @entity4 had dropped to 1.1 mg/dl but after being lost to follow up for 9 years, the @entity0 was readmitted because of @entity1 . Laboratory examination revealed a @entity7 and serum @entity4 of 2.3 mg/dl. Rectal biopsy showed the presence of amyloid. A treatment by @entity9 was unsuccessful. Fifteen months later, at the age of 15 years, the @entity0 developed @entity2 (serum @entity4 14 mg/dl).

title: @entity7 and @entity2 by XXXX secondary to @entity10 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 is the most common @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity5 caused by mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. We investigated the clinicopathologic significance of @entity8 presumed by MMR analyses in unselected @entity4 . METHODS: We analyzed immunohistochemistry of MMR proteins ( @entity9 / @entity6 / @entity7 / @entity10 ) and @entity9 promoter methylation in primary @entity4 from 221 consecutive @entity0 . Based on these results, @entity2 were categorized as sporadic or @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Clinicopathologic variables and prognosis were compared according to MMR status and sporadic/ @entity5 classification. RESULTS: Deficient MMR showed only trends towards favorable overall survival (OS) compared with intact MMR (p=0.13), whereas @entity5 showed significantly better OS than sporadic (p=0.038). Sporadic was significantly associated with older age, @entity3 , deep @entity1 , and advanced stage (p=0.008, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03), while @entity5 was significantly associated with early stage and @entity5 -associated @entity2 (p=0.04 and 0.001). The trend towards favorable OS of @entity5 was stronger in advanced stage than in early stage (hazard ratio, 0.044 [95% CI 0-25.6] vs. 0.49 [0.063-3.8]). In the subset receiving adjuvant therapies, @entity5 showed trends towards favorable disease-free survival compared to sporadic by contrast with @entity0 receiving no adjuvant therapies showing no such trend (hazard ratio, 0.045 [95% CI 0-20.3] vs. 0.81 [0.095-7.0]). CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that analyzing MMR status and searching for @entity5 may identify a subset of @entity0 with favorable survival and high sensitivity to adjuvant therapies, providing novel and useful implications for formulating the precision medicine in @entity4 .

title: Clinicopathologic implications of DNA mismatch repair status in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexual behaviour surveys are widely used, but under-reporting of particular risk behaviours is common, especially by @entity0 . Surveys in whole populations provide an unusual opportunity to understand the extent and nature of such under-reporting. METHODS: All consenting individuals aged between 15 and 59 within a demographic surveillance site in northern Malawi were interviewed about their @entity1 . Validity of responses was assessed by analysis of probing questions; by comparison of results with in-depth interviews and with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) seropositivity; by comparing reports to same sex and opposite sex interviewers; and by quantifying the partnerships within the local community reported by @entity0 and by @entity0 , adjusted for response rates. RESULTS: 6,796 @entity0 and 5,253 @entity0 (83% and 72% of those eligible) consented and took part in @entity1 interviews. Probing questions and HSV-2 antibody tests in those who denied sexual activity identified under-reporting for both @entity0 and @entity0 . Reports varied little by sex or age of the interviewer. The number of marital partnerships reported was comparable for @entity0 and @entity0 , but @entity0 reported about 4 times as many non-marital partnerships. The discrepancy in reporting of non-marital partnerships was most marked for married @entity0 ( @entity0 reported about 7 times as many non-marital partnerships with married @entity0 as were reported by married @entity0 themselves), but was only apparent in younger married @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that the under-reporting of non-marital partnerships by @entity0 was strongly age-dependent. The extent of under-reporting of sexual activity by young @entity0 was surprisingly high. The results emphasise the importance of triangulation, including biomarkers, and the advantages of considering a whole population.

title: Assessing the validity of XXXX reports in a whole population survey in rural Malawi.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity5 (RBD) is a potentially injurious @entity12 characterized by dream enactment behavior and @entity15 without atonia (RSWA). Recently, RBD not only has been shown to be strongly associated with synucleinopathy neurodegeneration but has also been rarely reported to be associated with structural lesions involving the brainstem or limbic system. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, neuroimaging, and outcome characteristics in a case series of @entity0 with lesional RBD. METHODS: This is a retrospective case series from a tertiary care referral center. RESULTS: A total of 10 @entity0 with lesional RBD were identified. Seven (70%) were @entity0 , with an average age of sleep symptom onset of 53.7        17.0 years. Structural pathology evident on neuroimaging included four extraaxial (three @entity10 and one basilar @entity7 with @entity11 ) and six intraaxial ( @entity14 , @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity16 , and @entity13 ) lesions. No @entity0 developed @entity6 features or @entity3 suggestive of synucleinopathy over an average of 45.4        35.2 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: RBD is rarely associated with non-synuclein structural lesions affecting the pons, medulla, or limbic system. The spectrum of lesional RBD comprises @entity1 , @entity7 , @entity13 , and autoimmune/inflammatory/demyelinating @entity4 .

title: Neuroimaging-evident lesional pathology associated with @entity8 XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The ability of @entity4 to infect thermally injured @entity1 was studied. Female @entity1 were either left unburned or given a 20% total body surface area 2-s or 7-s scald burn. The wound or skin surface was then inoculated with a @entity0 burn wound isolate of @entity4 . At 4 h postburn, approximately 10(2) to 10(3) CFU/g of tissue could be recovered from the skin of burned and unburned animals. Unburned @entity1 cleared the organisms from the skin by 72 h, whereas in 7-s-burned animals, the candida increased in numbers to approximately 10(7) CFU/g of tissue. The ability of the organisms to invade systemically after wound surface inoculation was examined in @entity1 given either a 2-s or a 7-s scald burn. Each injury was histologically confirmed as a full-thickness (third degree) burn, with slightly deeper tissue damage observed with the 7-s burn. At each time period examined (1, 4, 7, and 10 days), there were significantly fewer organisms in the wounds of @entity1 given the 2-s injury than in wounds of @entity1 burned for 7 s (P less than 0.05). In 3 of 33 @entity1 given a 7-s injury, organisms were recovered from the kidneys at the time of sacrifice, whereas no evidence of invasion into the kidneys was noted in @entity1 given a 2-s @entity2 . This study demonstrated that @entity2 enhances the ability of @entity4 to infect @entity1 and that the depth of burn appears to be an important factor in determining whether the organisms can invade the burn wound to cause @entity3 . This animal model should be valuable in elucidating the virulence factors of @entity4 that play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 after @entity2 .

title: XXXX after @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The prediction of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 is important because this influences the strategy for @entity0 management. We hypothesized that narrowing of the luminal bronchus due to bronchial wall thickening correlates to @entity4 in @entity5 @entity0 . METHODS: In a prospective observational study, all @entity0 were enrolled at a single tertiary @entity2 and critical care center. In 40 @entity0 , chest computed tomographic images were obtained within a few hours after @entity5 . We assessed bronchial wall thickness and luminal area % on chest computed tomographic images. Airway wall thickness to total bronchial diameter (T/D) ratio, percentage of luminal area, and clinical indices were compared between @entity0 with @entity5 and control @entity0 . RESULTS: The T/D ratio of @entity0 with @entity5 was significantly higher than that of control @entity0 (p<0.001), and the luminal area of these @entity0 was significantly smaller than that of control @entity0 (p<0.001). The number of mechanical ventilation days correlated with the initial infusion volume, T/D ratio, and luminal area %. ROC analysis showed a cut-off value of 0.26 for the T/D ratio, with a sensitivity of 79.0% and specificity of 73.7%, and a value of 23.4% for luminal area %, with a sensitivity of 68.4% and specificity of 84.2%. CONCLUSIONS: These data revealed the utility of computed tomography scanning on admission to show that the @entity0 with @entity5 had airway wall thickening compared to control @entity0 without @entity5 . Airflow narrowing due to airway wall thickening was related to the development of @entity1 and the number of mechanical ventilation days in @entity0 with @entity5 . Airflow narrowing is one important factor of @entity4 in @entity5 .

title: Computed tomographic assessment of airflow obstruction in @entity5 : Relationship with the development of XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To model the effect of time since @entity2 in spinal cord injured-individuals and to investigate the effect of @entity0 characteristics. SETTING: A total of 173 @entity0 who sustained a @entity1 between 1966 and April 2013 and who had previously participated in research or who underwent clinically indicated outpatient respiratory function tests at the Austin Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, were included in the study. At least two measurements over time were available for analysis in 59 @entity0 . METHODS: Longitudinal data analysis was performed using generalised linear regression models to determine changes in respiratory function following @entity1 from immediately post injury to many years later. Secondly, we explored whether injury severity, age, gender and body mass index (BMI) at injury altered the time-dependent change in respiratory function. RESULTS: The generalised linear regression model showed no significant change (P=0.276) in respiratory function measured in (forced) vital capacity ((F)VC) after the @entity1 . However, significant (P<0.05) differences in respiratory function over time were found when categorising age and BMI. CONCLUSION: This clinical cohort with long-term, repeated measurements of respiratory function showed no significant overall change in respiratory function over 23 years. However, a decline in respiratory function over time was observed in subgroups of individuals older than 30 years at the onset of injury and in those with a BMI>30   kg   m(-2).

title: Long-term change in respiratory function following XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: IMPORTANCE: While effective in preventing @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 is limited by a narrow therapeutic profile, a need for lifelong coagulation monitoring, and multiple drug and diet interactions. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a local strategy of mechanical left atrial appendage (LAA) closure was noninferior to @entity5 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : PROTECT @entity4 was a multicenter, randomized (2:1), unblinded, Bayesian-designed study conducted at 59 hospitals of 707 @entity0 with @entity4 and at least 1 additional @entity1 risk factor (CHADS2 score >= 1). Enrollment occurred between February 2005 and June 2008 and included 4-year follow-up through October 2012. Noninferiority required a posterior probability greater than 97.5% and superiority a probability of 95% or greater; the noninferiority margin was a rate ratio of 2.0 comparing event rates between treatment groups. INTERVENTIONS: Left atrial appendage closure with the device (n   =   463) or @entity5 (n   =   244; target international normalized ratio, 2-3). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: A composite efficacy end point including @entity1 , systemic @entity3 , and @entity2 , analyzed by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: At a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.8 (1.7) years (2621 @entity0 -years), there were 39 events among 463 @entity0 (8.4%) in the device group for a primary event rate of 2.3 events per 100 @entity0 -years, compared with 34 events among 244 @entity0 (13.9%) for a primary event rate of 3.8 events per 100 @entity0 -years with @entity5 (rate ratio, 0.60; 95% credible interval, 0.41-1.05), meeting prespecified criteria for both noninferiority (posterior probability, >99.9%) and superiority (posterior probability, 96.0%). @entity0 in the device group demonstrated lower rates of both @entity2 (1.0 events per 100 @entity0 -years for the device group [17/463 @entity0 , 3.7%] vs 2.4 events per 100 @entity0 -years with @entity5 [22/244 @entity0 , 9.0%]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.75; P   =   .005) and all-cause mortality (3.2 events per 100 @entity0 -years for the device group [57/466 @entity0 , 12.3%] vs 4.8 events per 100 @entity0 -years with @entity5 [44/244 @entity0 , 18.0%]; HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.98; P   =   .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: After 3.8 years of follow-up among @entity0 with @entity4 at elevated risk for @entity1 , percutaneous LAA closure met criteria for both noninferiority and superiority, compared with @entity5 , for preventing the combined outcome of @entity1 , systemic @entity3 , and @entity2 , as well as superiority for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00129545.

title: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure vs @entity5 for XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been shown that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) of @entity1 contains nitrergic neurons, which are activated during animal exposure to aversive stimuli. The BNST is also populated by glutamatergic and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRFergic) neurons, which in turn are activated under stressful situations. Here we investigated the anxiogenic-like effects of intra-BNST injections of a @entity3 (NO) donor, @entity5 in @entity0 . The role of CRFergic and glutamatergic systems on defensive behavior induced by @entity5 was investigated with previous intra-BNST infusion of different doses of @entity6 , a CRF type 1 receptor antagonist (CRF1), or AP-7, an @entity4 ( @entity4 ) receptor antagonist. @entity2 -like behavior was assessed immediately and 5min after intra-BNST drug injection, exposing @entity0 to a novel arena and to the elevated plus-maze (EPM; an anxiogenic situation). Results showed that @entity5 provoked a short period (   150s) of freezing behavior in the novel arena and increased @entity2 in the EPM. Both CP and AP-7 attenuated the anxiogenic-like effects of @entity5 in the EPM without changing freezing behavior in the novel arena. When given alone (i.e. without prior intra-BNST injection of @entity5 ), AP-7 (0.20nmol), but not CP (0.75, 1.50, or 3.00nmol), attenuated @entity2 in @entity0 exposed to the EPM. These results suggest that CRF1 and @entity4 receptors located within the BNST differentially modulate aversive effects induced by NO production in this limbic forebrain structure.

title: @entity2 -like responses induced by @entity3 within the BNST in @entity0 : Role of CRF1 and XXXX receptors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of @entity4 in autosomal dominant @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been disputed. AIM: To address this question, in the absence of controlled trials. DESIGN: Retrospective long-term follow-up study. METHODS: All kindreds were biochemically screened. Measurements included @entity5 clearance, @entity7 clearance, serum @entity7 , and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We used five siblings who had died or progressed to transplantation, ten other deceased relatives, and two index cases (one untreated, one non-compliant) as controls to assess the effects of @entity4 . RESULTS: Of eight families with @entity1 , six had a strong history of @entity1 and early parental @entity3 (mean age 41 years, n=10). Of 27 @entity0 started immediately on @entity4 and treated uninterruptedly, 21 responded well, including three @entity0 born subsequently. Eight siblings (mean age 19 years) with a normal plasma @entity7 at start (<120 micromol/l, mean GFR 80 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) retained stable renal function (mean 14.5 years, mean age 34 years, GFR 85 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). Of the 13 other responders, treated for up to 34 years, 10 with a @entity7 <200 micromol/l at diagnosis (mean age 28 years, mean @entity7 137 micromol/l at start) now have a mean @entity7 of 210 micromol/l. In contrast, five @entity0 (mean age 26 years) with a @entity7 >200 micromol/l (GFR <35 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) when @entity4 commenced, plus one untreated index case, all progressed rapidly (mean 6 years) to @entity6 . In two others (one non-compliant, one initially untreated), GFR fell by >50% in 7 years. Introduction of @entity4 in the latter has stabilized GFR. DISCUSSION: @entity4 reduced the morbidity and mortality from @entity2 seen in untreated siblings and previous generations of these families. Early diagnosis of @entity1 is important, so that treatment can begin before irreversible @entity1 has developed.

title: Early treatment with XXXX in familial juvenile hyerpuricaemic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) ameliorates the long-term progression of @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Tissue @entity1 often results in peritoneal scar tissue formation. The objective of this study was to determine whether mesothelial cells which line the peritoneal cavity express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and if their expression is regulated by @entity5 , a key regulator of tissue @entity2 . For this purpose we used @entity0 cells, a cell line derived from @entity0 normal mesothelial cells, and for comparative analysis we used U-937 cells, a @entity0 monocytic/macrophage cell line. The cells were treated with @entity5 (1 ng/ml) for various time periods and the levels of MMP and @entity6 mRNA and protein expression were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The results indicate that the mesothelial cells and macrophages express @entity7 (collagenase-1), @entity3 (stromelysin-1), @entity6 and @entity4 mRNA and protein at various levels, with significantly higher TIMPs than MMPs, and higher @entity7 than @entity3 (p < 0.001). The mesothelial cells express significantly less @entity7 , higher @entity3 and similar levels of @entity6 mRNA compared to macrophages. In a time-dependent manner, treatment of the mesothelial cells with @entity5 resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of @entity7 , while increasing the expression of @entity6 mRNA (p = 0.05). In contrast, @entity3 and @entity4 expression was unaffected in mesothelial cells and in macrophages, compared to untreated controls. There was a significant increase in secreted @entity7 and @entity4 by mesothelial cells following @entity5 treatments in a time-dependent manner (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01), without affecting the secretion of these proteins by macrophages. A major portion of @entity7 in the culture conditioned media of both cell types was found in complex with @entity6 . The ratios of @entity7 /TIMPs production were significantly higher than @entity3 /TIMPs in mesothelial cells and macrophages, and progressively decreased following @entity5 treatments (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that mesothelial cells express MMP and @entity6 mRNA and protein, and their expression is differentially regulated by @entity5 , a mechanism that in part may influence the outcome of peritoneal tissue repair and adhesion formation.

title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases in mesothelial cells and their regulation by XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In our earlier studies, we reported high concentrations of intra- and extracellular @entity3 ions ( @entity2 ) in the deeper epidermis of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and associated @entity1 . To determine the cause of this phenomenon, we measured total @entity3 (TCa) concentrations in the deeper epidermis and performed immunostaining of epidermal albumin, which binds to @entity2 . METHODS: This study included 45 @entity0 with @entity4 -stage 5, which was defined as severely reduced kidney function (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 15 mL/min or on dialysis). Subjects were divided into the @entity1 group, consisting of @entity0 with mild, moderate, or severe @entity5 , and the non- @entity1 group, consisting of @entity0 with no or slight @entity1 . The particle-induced X- @entity6 emission method was used to measure elements including TCa. Furthermore, we have immunostained epidermal albumin using anti-albumin antibodies and compared the results in the @entity1 and non- @entity1 groups. RESULTS: The TCa concentration in the spinous layer of @entity0 with @entity4 with @entity4 -associated @entity1 was lower than in @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity1 (median [range], 395 [235-1,063] vs. 476 [342-1,243]  g/g). The intensity of epidermal albumin expression in the spinous layer was weaker in @entity0 with @entity4 with @entity4 -associated @entity1 than in those without. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity4 with @entity4 -associated @entity1 demonstrated higher @entity2 concentrations but lower TCa concentrations than @entity0 without @entity4 -associated @entity1 . This could be in part due to low concentrations of epidermal albumin, which binds to @entity2 , in those with @entity4 -associated @entity1 . These results clarify the pathophysiology of @entity4 -associated @entity1 , providing a valuable foundation for the future development of treatments for this condition.

title: Total @entity3 and Albumin Are Decreased in the Deeper Epidermis of XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: investigation of length of survival, complications, level of @entity2 and recovery of swallow in @entity0 who received percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity3 ) feeding for @entity5 due to @entity1 . DESIGN: a retrospective case note analysis of @entity0 treated between 1991 and 1995 and telephone survey of modified Barthel index in October 1996. SETTING: Cardiff Royal Infirmary and the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff. SUBJECTS: 126 @entity0 who had @entity3 inserted after @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: complications of @entity3 , length of survival, duration of @entity3 feeding, recovery of swallow and modified Barthel index score. RESULTS: median length of follow-up was 31 months (range 4-71). Median duration of @entity3 use was 127 days (range 1-1372). For @entity0 with @entity3 inserted within 2 weeks the median duration was 52 days (range 2-1478). At follow up 36 (29%) had had @entity3 removed, 72 (57%) had died with @entity3 in use, 10 (8%) still had @entity3 and were nil by mouth and five (4%) had @entity3 in use with swallow recovered. The median survival was 305 days. Thirty-five (28%) @entity0 died in hospital. @entity4 was the commonest complication. Thirty-three @entity0 were alive in October 1996. The modified Barthel index for nursing home @entity0 was 4 (range 0-13) and for @entity0 at home 11 (range 2-20). CONCLUSION: @entity3 feeding is safe and well tolerated in @entity0 with @entity1 . Early @entity3 placement (within 2 weeks) is worthwhile with many going on to have long-term feeding. Although overall mortality is high, some @entity0 have a long-term survival and a few attain a reasonable level of function in daily living activities. Late recovery of swallow occurs and @entity0 should have follow-up swallowing assessment.

title: Long-term outcome of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Phytoremediation is promising, but depends on clearly understanding contaminants' impact on plant functioning. We therefore focused on the impact of @entity9 ( @entity10 ) on cultivated plants and understanding the impact of @entity13 ( @entity4 ) on @entity11 functioning ( @entity11 ). Cultivation was conducted under controlled conditions on artificially contaminated sand with @entity4 levels increasing from 50 to 750 mg @entity4 kg(-1). After four weeks, plants exposed to levels above 50 mg @entity4 kg(-1) presented decreased biomasses and reduced photosynthetic activity. These modifications were associated with higher biomass allocations to roots and lower ones to stems. The leaf biomass proportion was similar, with thinner blades than controls. @entity4 -exposed plant showed modified root architecture, with fewer roots of 0.2 and 0.4 mm in diameter. Leaves were @entity6 -deplete, but @entity2 , @entity12 , @entity8 and @entity1 -enriched. Their content in @entity7 , @entity0 , @entity3 and @entity5 was unaffected. These responses resembled those of water-stress, although water contents in plant organs were not affected by @entity4 and water supply was not limited. They also indicated a possible perturbation of both nutritional functioning and photosynthesis.

title: Morphological and physiological responses of @entity11 ( @entity11 ) exposed to sand contaminated by XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One of the basic characteristics of @entity3 is its tendency to synchronous or metachronous multifocality. Thus the need to explore the entire urinary tract of @entity0 with urothelial neoformations. The aim of this article is to study the @entity1 of the upper urinary tract that appear synchronously with infiltrating @entity2 . The clinicopathological characteristics and the morbidity and mortality of en bloc surgery of both @entity1 are analyzed. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 170 radical cystectomies for infiltrating @entity2 performed in our department over a 13-year period. @entity0 history, clinicopathological characteristics, complementary tests, type of surgery performed, postoperative complications and follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: Tumor of the upper urinary tract appeared in 14 (1 bilateral) of these @entity0 and were synchronous in 10 cases. All @entity0 were male; mean age 63 years. Three were localized in the pelvis, 2 in the proximal ureter and 6 in the distal third. Diagnosis was made by IVP in 6 @entity0 and by US and antegrade pyelography in the other 4 @entity0 . Nephroureterectomy and radical cystectomy were performed en bloc in 8 cases; 6 had a Bricker procedure and 2 ileal substitution. Salvage radical cystectomy + distal ureterectomy were performed in the other two @entity0 . Two @entity0 submitted to en bloc surgery had postoperative complications; one presented prolonged ileua and the other required surgery for retroperitoneal @entity5 . The two @entity0 submitted to palliative surgery died of and @entity4 during the postoperative period. At 33 months' mean follow-up, 3 @entity0 have shown @entity1 progression. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high proportion of @entity1 of the upper urinary tract in our series of @entity0 with infiltrating @entity2 undergoing radical cystectomy, therefore we consider it necessary to explore the entire urinary system. Surgical @entity1 en bloc does not increase the morbidity and mortality.

title: [Synchronous XXXX of the upper urinary tract with @entity2 . Opportunity for nephroureterectomy and block-cystectomy].

answer: @entity1