abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the effectiveness of @entity1 when injected later than 2 d postmortem, 2) the effect of extended postinjection aging time, and 3) the tenderness response curve in @entity1 -treated beef. In Exp. 1, the longissimus thoracis et lumborum was injected on either d 2 or 14 postmortem with 5% by weight of a 200 mM @entity1 solution. Samples were aged (1 degree C) either 7 or 35 d after injection. The uninjected control longissimus from the contralateral side was aged for 9, 21, 37, or 49 d. In Exp. 2, the longissimus thoracis et lumborum was injected on d 2 postmortem with 5% by weight of a 200 m x M @entity1 solution then sampled for shear force on d 1, 2, 6, 8, 12, and 14 after injection. @entity1 injection, regardless of injection time or postinjection aging time, had higher (P < .05) sensory tenderness rating than control with the same total aging time (5.2, 5.5, 5.8, and 6.1 vs 4.3, 4.8, 5.1, and 5.3, respectively). @entity1 injection at d 14 reduced shear force (.7 kg) and increased tenderness rating (.7 units) as effectively (P > .05) as injection at d 2 (1.2 kg and .8 units, respectively). @entity1 -injected steaks had higher (P < .05) juiciness ratings than control steaks. Postrigor @entity1 injection reduced (P < .05) shear force within 1 d after injection and resulted in more tender meat through 14 d after injection. Extended postinjection aging (35 d) had little effect on color display stability. @entity0 activated tenderization can be applied as late as 14 d postmortem and will reduce the occurrence of tough meat if aging is limited.

title: Effect of postmortem injection time and postinjection aging time on the XXXX -activated tenderization process in beef.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previously, it has been demonstrated that @entity1 (NP) has a dual function in regulating reproductive hormones by: (1) increasing the activity of @entity0 metabolizing enzymes at low concentration, that does not induce @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and zona radiata proteins and (2) decreasing the activity of these enzymes at higher concentration [Environ. Health Perspect. 105 (1997) 109; Environ. Toxicol Chem. 16 (1997) 2576]. To more precisely understand the estrogenic effects of NP in fish and a possible interference with @entity0 hormone metabolism, we investigated in the @entity5 the identity of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in NP hydroxylation. Up to 9 metabolites were separated by radio-HPLC when [R-(14)C]-4n-NP was incubated with hepatic microsomes from juvenile salmon. In control fish the major metabolites were identified as monohydroxylated products at omega-, (omega-1)- and (omega-2)-positions of the alkyl chain of 4n-NP. Salmon hepatic microsomes formed omega-, (omega-1)- and (omega-2)-lauric acid (LA) hydroxylation products. The potency of @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity2 (non-specific, but strong inhibitors of CYP1A, 2K and 3A, respectively) on LA and NP hydroxylations were assessed in the present study. @entity3 inhibited omega-, (omega-1)- and (omega-2)-hydroxylations of LA and 4n-NP and was the only inhibitor of omega-hydroxylation of both substrates. @entity2 specifically inhibited (omega-1)- and (omega-2)-hydroxylations of LA as well as 4n-NP. Interestingly, the lowest NP dose (1 mg/kg) was the most potent inducer of NP-metabolites formation. These results suggest the involvement of CYP2M- and 2K-like enzymes in terminal and subterminal hydroxylations of 4n-NP respectively, and was confirmed by the competitive inhibition between LA and 4n-NP. The production of one unidentified 4n-NP metabolite was not affected by any of the chemicals used, suggesting a possible ring hydroxylation with involvement of another cytochrome P450 isoform. Our data reveal a novel aspect of CYP isozymes involvement in NP metabolism that may complicate the assessment of its endocrine effects. Hence, the regio-selective hydroxylation of endocrine disruptors, such as NP, by CYP isozymes is revealed as a possible new marker of estrogenicity.

title: Regio-specific hydroxylation of @entity1 and the involvement of CYP2K- and CYP2M-like iso-enzymes in XXXX ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze cartilage @entity1 in knees after total medial meniscectomy, transplantation of fresh-frozen meniscus allograft, and Achilles tendon allograft. TYPE OF STUDY: Experimental study. METHODS: We have studied the articular cartilage in the medial compartment of the left knees in 32 @entity2 aged 5 to 6 months, with 8 animals in each group. The study was performed after meniscectomy (group I), transplantation of fresh-frozen meniscus allograft (group II), use of fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft (group III), and in a control group (group IV). For the histologic study, all samples were stained with Masson's trichrome and @entity4 . Mankin's score was applied to grade the histologic damage to the articular cartilage. RESULTS: The group with the greatest number of degenerative changes was group III, followed by groups I and II. The percentage of thickness of cartilage detected by @entity4 -O stain was found to be significantly different in both tibia and femur between the control group and the other 3 groups, but not among groups I, II, and III. The immunoreactivity of the articular surfaces in tibia and femur showed notable differences in all the groups. Collagen X was present in the degenerative @entity3 chondrocytes in the damaged articular surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: Meniscal replacement with meniscal and Achilles tendon allografts provides partial protection against @entity0 after a meniscectomy.

title: Articular cartilage @entity1 after frozen meniscus and Achilles tendon allograft transplantation: experimental study in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Several pesticides suspected or known to have endocrine disrupting effects were screened for pro- or antiandrogenic properties by determining their effects on proliferation, prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) secretion and @entity3 receptor (AR) expression, and AR phosphorylation in @entity3 -dependent LNCaP @entity0 @entity2 cells, as well as on the expression and catalytic activity of the enzyme @entity7 in H295R @entity0 @entity6 cells, an in  vitro model of steroidogenesis. Effects on SRD5A gene expression were determined in both cell lines. @entity10 , @entity12 , and @entity11 , but not @entity9 , concentration dependently (1-30    M) decreased @entity4 ( @entity5 )-stimulated proliferation of LNCaP cells. All pesticides except @entity9 decreased @entity5 -stimulated PSA secretion, AR nuclear accumulation, and AR phosphorylation on serines 81 and 213 in LNCaP cells. @entity10 and @entity11 , but not @entity12 or @entity9 , decreased levels of @entity7 gene and protein expression, as well as catalytic activity in H295R cells. In the case of @entity11 , some of these effects corresponded with @entity1 . H295R cells expressed AR protein and @entity8 , but not @entity13 transcripts. @entity8 gene expression in H295R cells was increased by 10   nM @entity5 , whereas in LNCaP cells significant induction was observed by 0.1   nM @entity5 . AR protein expression in H295R cells was not increased by @entity5 . @entity12 decreased @entity5 -induced @entity8 gene expression in LNCaP, but not H295R cells, indicating a functional difference of AR between the cell lines. In conclusion, pesticides may exert antiandrogenic effects through several mechanisms that are cell type-specific, including AR antagonism and down-regulation or catalytic inhibition of @entity3 biosynthetic enzymes, such as @entity7 and @entity8 .

title: Antiandrogenic Mechanisms of Pesticides in XXXX LNCaP Prostate and H295R @entity6 Cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity4 is poorly controlled in @entity3 survivors, thereby placing them at increased risk for recurrent events. Clinical trial evidence suggests that antihypertensive treatment may be beneficial for @entity3 prevention in @entity4 and normotensive @entity3 @entity0 . We aimed to evaluate the discharge antihypertensive prescription patterns in @entity0 hospitalized for an @entity2 cerebrovascular event and to determine factors associated with treatment utilization. METHODS: We analyzed @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 or @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the California @entity3 Prototype Registry (CASPR). We used generalized estimating equations to identify factors independently associated with receiving antihypertensives at the time of hospital discharge. RESULTS: Data were collected on 764 consecutive @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity2 encountered at 11 hospitals representative of facilities in the state of California. Overall, the rate of discharge with a prescription for any antihypertensive in the CASPR cohort was 69.4%. Hospital-specific rates were heterogeneous (P=0.04), varying from 55% to 100%. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of prescription for antihypertensive medication at discharge were a history of @entity4 (P<0.0001), @entity1 (P=0.0009), and older age. CONCLUSIONS: About two-thirds of @entity0 hospitalized with acute @entity2 cerebrovascular events are discharged from the hospital on > or =1 antihypertensive medication. However, there is great variability in prescription rates between hospitals and considerable room for improvement.

title: Antihypertensive medications prescribed at discharge after an acute XXXX cerebrovascular event.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The pancreas is a preferred site of @entity1 from @entity4 ( @entity4 ), that may occur even after many years from a radical nephrectomy. Surgical R0 resection remains the only potentially curative treatment for @entity2 . The possibility of a multifocality of the lesions (20-45%) must be considered. MATERIAL OF STUDY: We report a case of metachronous pancreatic @entity1 from @entity4 that occurred twice. After five years from a right polar inferior nephrectomy for a @entity4 , two nodular lesions were identified in the body-tail of the pancreas and were treated with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. After six months the CT imaging revealed a nodular lesion of few millimeters in the residual pancreatic body; we followed the slow growth and in October 2012, when the size reached 2 cm, the @entity0 was operated to remove the residual portion of pancreatic body. After 16 months of follow-up the @entity0 is well and there isn't relapse of disease. DISCUSSION: @entity0 with metachronous @entity3 represent a particular group with a more indolent course of @entity4 , the appearance of @entity1 after a prolonged interval from nephrectomy is related to a more favorable prognosis. Radical lymph-node dissection is not necessary for the uncommon involvement of peripancreatic nodes, condition that explains the positive outcomes achieved with surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with resected @entity1 present an 88% survival rate at 5 years versus 47% observed in nonoperated @entity0 ; studies provide encouraging results in survival and quality of life of surgically treated @entity0 . KEY WORDS: Metachronous @entity1 , Pancreatic @entity1 , @entity4 .

title: Relapsed metachronous pancreatic @entity1 from @entity4 ( XXXX ) Report of a case and review of literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 in some settings. We tested the hypothesis that @entity1 will be reduced with dietary supplementation with @entity5 in rural Malawian @entity0 . Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old @entity0 were supplemented with 8.5  g/day of @entity3 for 4  weeks. The fecal samples were analyzed for the microbiota, the microbiome, short chain @entity4 , metabolome, and proteins indicative of @entity1 before and after the intervention. Subjects served as their own controls. RESULTS: The consumption of @entity5 changed the composition of the microbiota; at the phylum level Actinobacteria increased, while Firmicutes decreased. Among the most prevalent genera, Lactobacillus was increased and Roseburia, Blautia, and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis were decreased. The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of @entity5 (P   <   0.01). Fecal @entity2 concentration decreased, and fecal propionate concentration increased after @entity5 administration (-5.2 and 2.0   mol/g, respectively). Fecal calprotectin increased from 29        69 to 89        49   g/g (P   =   0.003) after @entity5 was given. The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway was upregulated. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity5 reduces @entity1 in rural Malawian @entity0 .

title: The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of XXXX in rural Malawi @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent reports have suggested that @entity0 treated by CAPD have a relatively increased risk of @entity1 compared to @entity0 undergoing @entity5 , although the cause of this discrepancy is poorly understood. @entity7 is an important risk factor in @entity3 . Also, @entity4 concentrations, for which the physiological function differs from that of protein, may be an independent risk factor in @entity3 . There is no doubt concerning the prevalence of low @entity4 levels in both @entity5 and CAPD @entity0 . But the difference in plasma @entity4 levels between these two groups has not been well defined. The purpose of this study is to compare plasma @entity4 levels between @entity0 with @entity3 on @entity5 and CAPD. METHODS: A cross sectional study of overnight fasting plasma @entity4 concentrations was performed on 12 CAPD and 45 @entity5 @entity0 with @entity3 , matched by age, sex and body mass index. The levels of individual plasma @entity4 and @entity6 , EAA, NEAA and @entity8 were compared for the @entity5 and CAPD groups. In order to measure losses during @entity5 and CAPD, @entity4 and protein concentrations were measured from 10 dialysates obtained from 10 @entity5 @entity0 and 12 peritoneal dialysis solutions from 12 CAPD @entity0 . RESULTS: All of the measured @entity4 concentrations were found to be lower in the CAPD group compared to the @entity5 group. Furthermore, the levels of @entity6 (2017.3 +/- 781.1 vs. 903.3 +/- 316.1 mumole/L), EAA(1201.8 +/- 492.6 vs. 567.6 +/- 223.2 mumole/L), NEAA(815.5 +/- 308.6 vs. 335.7 +/- 100.2 mumole/L); and @entity8 (315.0 +/- 146.0 vs. 145.2 +/- 65.0 mumole/L), were all lower in the CAPD group than in the @entity5 group. The @entity2 was 2.0 +/- 0.2 g/L in the peritoneal dialysate but was not detectable in the hemodialysates. @entity6 loss over a one week period was about 61.8 +/- 13.0mmole for the @entity5 group and 38.0 +/- 13.0 mmole for the CAPD group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity4 concentrations are lower in @entity3 @entity0 on CAPD than on @entity5 . It seems likely that @entity2 in the peritoneal dialysate is a contributing factor to lowered plasma @entity4 concentrations in @entity3 @entity0 on CAPD than on @entity5 . We believe that the lowered @entity4 concentrations observed in CAPD @entity0 may worsen the clinical outcome compared to @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Comparison of plasma @entity4 concentrations in @entity3 XXXX on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 were exposed to @entity16 by inhalation exposure to concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 250 mg/m3 for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. There were no abnormal clinical signs, body weight changes, or excess mortality in any exposed group. Exposed groups showed slight increases in the incidence of @entity5 , @entity19 , and @entity15 with @entity13 in the anterior nasal cavity. The pulmonary response at 10 mg/m3 satisfied the biological criteria for a "nuisance dust." The lung reaction was characterized by dust-laden macrophage (dust cell) infiltration in the alveolar ducts and adjoining alveoli with @entity12 of @entity14 . @entity4 at 50 and 250 mg/m3 exposure concentrations revealed a dose-dependent dust cell accumulation, a foamy macrophage response, @entity12 , @entity18 , alveolar bronchiolarization, @entity7 @entity10 , focal @entity17 , and dust deposition in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Minute collagenized @entity6 occurred in the alveolar walls enclosing large dust cell aggregates. The @entity8 with massive dust accumulation appeared to be the result of an overwhelmed lung clearance mechanism at 250 mg/m3 exposure. @entity9 and @entity11 occurred at 250 mg/m3 exposure, while no compound-related @entity1 were found in @entity4 exposed to either 10 or 50 mg/m3. In addition to excessive dust loading in the lungs of @entity4 exposed chronically at 250 mg/m3, the @entity1 were different from common @entity0 @entity1 in terms of @entity3 type, anatomic location, tumorigenesis, and were devoid of @entity3 @entity2 . Therefore, the biological relevance of these @entity1 and other @entity8 for @entity0 is negligible.

title: Pulmonary response of XXXX exposed to titanium dioxide ( @entity16 ) by inhalation for two years.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The main objective of this investigation was to examine the ultrastructural features of gills from @entity2 experimentally infected with Loma salmonae to determine the morphological events that occur during the late stages of development of this parasite. Peripheral distribution of the mature parasites inside round xenomas was observed at weeks 5 and 6 postexposure (PE), but eventually the parasite occupied the entire xenoma. Degenerative changes were observed only in immature parasites at week 7 PE, and eventually an @entity0 reaction with a cellular infiltration was directed against mature spores. Round, flattened, and irregular shaped xenomas were observed at week 8 PE. The round xenomas showed a severe @entity0 response with disintegration of the xenoma membrane. This event was accompanied by @entity1 and by the simultaneous presence of 2 tubular appendages, the type I and II tubules. Flattened xenomas were observed below the endothelium of gill lamella arteries. The irregular xenomas were located in the connective tissue of the gill filament and showed multiple projections occupied by spores. Both flattened and irregular xenomas showed no evidence of @entity0 reaction. An earlier proposed hypothesis is expanded to explain how L. salmonae is implanted beneath lamellar endothelium and within filament connective tissue.

title: Ultrastructural study of the late stages of Loma salmonae development in the gills of experimentally infected XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined if urethral preservation and @entity5 replacement in @entity0 with @entity6 within the prostatic urethra or prostate placed these @entity0 at risk for urethral recurrence or @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical course of all @entity0 undergoing urethral preservation and @entity5 replacement was reviewed. The urethra was sacrificed only if the distal prostatic urethral margin was positive for @entity6 . The pathological T stage and the grade of the primary @entity1 , local recurrence, site of recurrence (urethral, pelvic, distant) and @entity3 were documented. RESULTS: Of 81 @entity0 70 were evaluable (June 1996) with a mean followup of 35 months. Of the 70 @entity0 48 were alive without evidence of disease for a mean of 38 months (range 8 to 107) and 5 died without evidence of disease. Eight of these 53 @entity0 (15%) had prostatic involvement ( @entity2 in situ in 6, @entity7 in 1 and @entity6 in 1). Of the 70 @entity0 17 had disease recurrence (13 died of disease and 4 are alive, 1 of whom had urethral recurrence without @entity4 ). Of the 17 @entity0 (35%) 6 had @entity6 prostatic involvement ( @entity2 in situ in 4 and stromal invasion in 2), and 5 of these 6 died, none with or of urethral recurrence but of the primary bladder pathology. Of these 5 @entity0 1 had @entity6 of the prostate and experienced a bulbar urethra recurrence at 1 month and a pelvic recurrence at 3 months, and died at 5 months. Death was not secondary to the urethral recurrence. Thus, of the 14 @entity0 who had @entity4 , only 1 had urethral recurrence (7%), and this recurrence did not present as the cause of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines for urethral resection can be relaxed, increasing the opportunities for orthotopic reconstruction, without placing the @entity0 at increased risk for @entity6 .

title: Does prostate @entity6 preclude XXXX reconstruction after radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since @entity1 ( @entity2 )-induced overgrowth seldom occurs at sites distant from teeth, the periodontal ligament has been considered significant. The aim of this study was to examine overgrowth occurrence at the edentulous ridge--the sites without the ligament--after @entity2 therapy in @entity0 . METHODS: After extracting all right maxillary molars, 16 @entity0 underwent a 2-week healing period. The animals were separated into @entity2 and control groups. @entity2 @entity0 received 15 mg/kg of @entity2 by gastric feeding for 4 weeks, while the control group received only mineral oil. At the end of study, all animals were sacrificed and stone models were immediately obtained by rubber-based impressions. The edentulous ridge morphology, including the bucco-lingual width and the vertical height, was measured on the models. For histometry, 10 sections were selected from the edentulous ridge of each animal after undecalcified tissue preparation. The soft tissue areas of the edentulous ridge and the trabecular bone morphology of the dental alveolus were measured. RESULTS: @entity2 therapy produced a significant increase of the ridge width and height, measured from the stone models, when compared to the control group. Under histometry, @entity2 resulted in a significant increase of the epithelium, connective tissue, and total soft tissue areas. The measured trabecular bone volume was affected by both examining factors: the drug therapy and the location of the dental alveolus. @entity2 therapy produced a significant loss of bone volume but a significant increase of the bone-specific surface area. Although the mean osteoid volume was similar between @entity2 and control groups, a significant decrease of the fractional formation surface in the @entity2 group was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: An enlarged edentulous ridge and an altered dental alveolar bone morphology were observed in @entity2 -treated animals at the end of the study; therefore, we suggest that @entity2 may induce not only a soft tissue overgrowth but also an alveolar bone alteration at the edentulous ridge. The hypothesis that tooth or periodontal ligament is an essential component for the overgrowth development is questioned.

title: XXXX -induced gingival overgrowth at the newly formed edentulous ridge in @entity0 : a morphological and histometric evaluation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Colorectal epithelial cells are prone to malignant transformation. Therefore, identification of differences in gene expression in the process from normal colonic crypts to @entity2 with @entity1 is essential for further insights into early tumorigenesis. To achieve this goal, a novel gene expression analysis strategy, screening for expressed transcripts in small histologically defined tissue samples, was performed. METHODS: First, laser mediated microdissection was used to isolate normal and adenomatous crypts from colonic cryosections. Then, nested RNA arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) for differential display was performed to screen mRNA populations and to generate hybridisation probes for cDNA expression arrays. After evaluation of cDNA expression arrays, differential expression was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Evaluation of gene expression profiles of normal versus adenomatous colonic crypts of six different @entity0 revealed, in general, dysregulation of up to 11% of all analysed genes (total number n=588): specifically, @entity6 - @entity7 was upregulated in four of six @entity0 , mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) @entity5 in three of six @entity0 , and interferon gamma receptor in three of six @entity0 . Conversely, @entity10 was found to be downregulated in three of six @entity0 , @entity4 in three of six @entity0 , and @entity9 in three of six @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, distinct gene expression profiles of @entity8 areas within colonic @entity2 , using the combination of laser mediated microdissection with RAP-PCR and cDNA expression array, were shown. In these samples, upregulation of proliferation associated genes (ras-oncogene related @entity11 and MAPK @entity5 ) as well as downregulation of apoptosis related genes ( @entity10 and @entity4 ) most likely reflects specific alterations in @entity2 with @entity1 . Based on upregulation of @entity11 and MAPK @entity5 , activation of the MAPK pathway appears to be an early event in @entity3 .

title: Gene expression pattern of laser microdissected colonic crypts of XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 undergoing breast surgery are at particular risk for post-operative @entity4 (PONV), with an incidence of @entity2 as high as 50% when no prophylactic antiemetic is used. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy of the selective @entity3 (3) receptor antagonist @entity8 with that of the traditional antiemetics @entity7 and @entity5 in the treatment of established PONV after breast surgery. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, @entity0 who had undergone breast surgery and were experiencing PONV during the first 3 hours after anesthesia received either @entity8 40 microg/kg IV, @entity7 20 microg/kg IV, or @entity5 0.2 mg/kg IV. @entity0 were observed for 24 hours after administration of study drug. @entity6 were recorded by nursing staff who were blinded to treatment assignment. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity0 were enrolled in the study, 25 in each treatment group. Their age ranged from 41 to 65 years. There were no significant between-group differences in @entity0 ' demographic or surgical characteristics at study entry. The number of @entity0 who were @entity2 free (no @entity1 , @entity2 ) was significantly higher in @entity0 who received @entity8 (88% [2225]) than in those who received @entity7 (64% [1625]; P = 0.047) or @entity5 (56% [1425]; P = 0.013). In @entity0 who experienced @entity1 (3, 8, and 9 @entity0 in the @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity5 groups, respectively), the severity of @entity1 was significantly lower with @entity8 compared with @entity7 (P = 0.028) and @entity5 (P = 0.025). No clinically serious adverse events were observed in any group. CONCLUSION: @entity8 was significantly more effective than the traditional antiemetics @entity7 and @entity5 for the treatment of PONV in this population of @entity0 undergoing breast surgery.

title: A comparison of XXXX , @entity7 , and @entity5 in the treatment of established @entity4 after breast surgery: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 affects most adults, causes disability for some, and is a common reason for seeking healthcare. In the United States, opioid prescription for @entity10 has increased, and opioids are now the most commonly prescribed drug class. More than half of regular opioid users report back @entity2 . Rates of opioid prescribing in the US and Canada are two to three times higher than in most European countries. The analgesic efficacy of opioids for @entity7 is inferred from evidence in other @entity12 conditions. Opioids do not seem to expedite return to work in injured workers or improve functional outcomes of @entity7 in primary care. For @entity7 , systematic reviews find scant evidence of efficacy. Randomized controlled trials have high dropout rates, brief duration (four months or less), and highly selected @entity0 . Opioids seem to have short term analgesic efficacy for @entity7 , but benefits for function are less clear. The magnitude of @entity2 relief across chronic non- @entity1 @entity2 conditions is about 30%. Given the brevity of randomized controlled trials, the long term effectiveness and safety of opioids are unknown. Loss of long term efficacy could result from drug tolerance and emergence of @entity11 . Complications of opioid use include addiction and @entity9 related mortality, which have risen in parallel with prescription rates. Common short term side effects are @entity8 , @entity6 , sedation, and increased risk of falls and @entity3 . Longer term side effects may include @entity5 and @entity4 . Screening for high risk @entity0 , treatment agreements, and urine testing have not reduced overall rates of opioid prescribing, misuse, or @entity9 . Newer strategies for reducing risks include more selective prescription of opioids and lower doses; use of prescription monitoring programs; avoidance of co-prescription with sedative hypnotics; and reformulations that make drugs more difficult to snort, smoke, or inject.

title: Opioids for XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute severe @entity1 (ASUC) is a life-threatening condition for which optimal management strategies remain ill-defined. AIM: To review the evidence regarding the natural history, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of ASUC to inform an evidence-based approach to management. METHODS: Relevant articles addressing the management of ASUC were identified from a search of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and conference proceedings. RESULTS: Of ASUC, 31-35% is @entity3 -refractory. Infliximab and @entity2 salvage therapies have improved @entity0 outcomes in randomised controlled trials. Short-term response rates (within 3 months) have ranged from 40% - 54% for @entity2 and 46-83% for infliximab. Long-term clinical response rates (>= 1 year) have ranged from 42%-50% for @entity2 and 50-65% for infliximab. Short-term and long-term colectomy rates have been respectively: 26-47% and 36-58% for @entity2 , and 0-50% and 35-50% for infliximab. Mortality rates for @entity2 and infliximab-treated @entity0 have been: 0-5% and 0-2%, respectively. At present, management challenges include the selection, timing and assessment of response to salvage therapy, utilisation of therapeutic drug monitoring and long-term maintenance of remission. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal management of acute severe @entity1 should be guided by risk stratification using predictive indices of corticosteroid response. Timely commencement and assessment of response to salvage therapy is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality. Emerging pharmacokinetic models and therapeutic drug monitoring may assist clinical decision-making and facilitate a shift towards individualised acute severe @entity1 therapies.

title: Review article: the practical management of acute severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Vietnam Physical Activity and Nutrition (VPAN) program aimed to improve physical activity and nutrition for adults aged 50-65 years with @entity1 in Vietnam. The VPAN program consisted of a range of resources and strategies, including an information booklet, resistance band, face-to-face education sessions, and walking groups. This process evaluation assessed the participation, fidelity, satisfaction, and reasons for completing and not-completing the VPAN. METHODS: Data were collected by mixed-methods from a sample of 214 intervention @entity0 . Quantitative data were collected via surveys (n=163); qualitative data via face-to-face exit interviews with intervention program completers (n=10) and non-completers (n=10), and brief post education session discussions. RESULTS: Most @entity0 (87%-96%) reported the program resources and strategies useful, assisting them to increase their physical activity level and improving their diet. The education sessions were the most preferred strategy (97%) with high attendance (>78% of @entity0 ). The main reasons for withdrawal were work commitments and being too busy. CONCLUSION: The evaluation indicated that the program reached and engaged the majority of @entity0 throughout the six-month intervention. The combination of printed resources and face-to-face intervention components was a suitable approach to support lifestyle behavioural change in the Vietnamese population.

title: Physical activity and nutrition program for adults with XXXX : Process evaluation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate self-reports of @entity2 by young @entity0 survivors (aged 11-18 years), to compare young survivors' @entity2 scores with the scores of a healthy control group and of the parent proxy evaluation, and to analyze whether demographic or disease-related factors are associated with young survivors' @entity2 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional quantitative study. SETTING: An urban hospital in southwestern Finland. SAMPLE: 384 survivors diagnosed with an extracranial @entity0 at age 16 or younger, who have survived four or more years postdiagnosis, and who are free of @entity0 . General matched population controls were randomly selected from the Finnish Population Registry. METHODS: Demographic data and a self-report written @entity2 questionnaire. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Total @entity2 (TF), general @entity2 (GF), sleep or rest @entity2 (SF), and cognitive @entity2 . FINDINGS: The control populations reported significantly more issues with TF, GF, and SF than did the survivor population. In survivors, older age, the need for remedial education at school, and a @entity1 diagnosis were associated with increasing @entity2 , whereas female gender, better school grades, and greater health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) scores were associated with lower @entity2 . The study variables explained 49%-65% of the variation in @entity2 scores. CONCLUSIONS: Although survivors and their matched controls seem to have similar @entity2 , subgroups of survivors do experience excessive @entity2 , which may have an impact on their HRQOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: This study increases the knowledge about @entity2 levels of young survivors of extracranial @entity0 and identifies the need for instruments specifically designed to assess @entity2 in this population. The healthcare team should pay attention to the @entity2 level of young survivors, particularly SF.

title: Fatigue in young survivors of extracranial XXXX : a Finnish nationwide survey.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Remission, relapse, and re-remission of proliferative @entity6 treated with @entity4 . BACKGROUND: Long-term intravenous @entity4 (IVC) in combination with @entity2 is standard therapy for proliferative @entity6 , but it has limitations. There are few data on long-term remission rates, predictors of relapse, and the ability to achieve a second remission with currently recommended IVC regimens. METHODS: A cohort of 85 @entity0 with @entity6 (focal N = 33, diffuse N = 52) treated with IVC was assembled in three institutions. Timing and predictors of remission, relapse, and re-remission were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox models. RESULTS: The median time to remission was 10 months, whereas an estimated 22% of @entity0 had not remitted after 2 years. The median time to relapse among 63 @entity0 who had achieved remission was 79 months. In multivariate models, adverse predictors of remission were a delay in the initiation of therapy from the time @entity5 was clinically diagnosed [hazard ratio (HR) 0.58, P = 0. 063] and a higher amount of @entity3 (HR 0.86 per 1 g/24 hours, P = 0.014). Predictors of earlier relapse for @entity0 entering remission included a longer time to remission (HR 1.029 per month, P = 0.025), a history of central nervous system involvement (HR 8.41, P = 0.002), and World Health Organization histology (P = 0.01). Among the 23 @entity0 who relapsed during follow-up, the median time to re-remission was 32 months, and with three exceptions, all @entity0 took substantially longer time to remit the second time compared with their first remission (P = 0.01). The time to re-remission was longer in @entity0 who had taken longer to remit the first time (HR 0.979 per month, P = 0.16), in @entity0 who had relapsed earlier after the first remission (HR 1.071 per month, P = 0.002), and in those with evidence of chronicity in the original kidney biopsy (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged courses with a cumulative risk of @entity1 are needed to achieve remission in many first-treated @entity0 and in most @entity0 treated for a second time. The optimal management of @entity0 with identified adverse predictors of response needs further study.

title: Remission, relapse, and re-remission of proliferative XXXX treated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The main strategy used for the detection of circulating @entity1 cells (CTC) and micrometastases in solid @entity1 is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of tissue specific messenger RNA present in the @entity1 cells. PCR was more sensitive than conventional techniques, allowing the identification of one @entity1 cell diluted into 1 mL of blood. PCR was shown to be specific in most studies related to the detection of CTC and marrow micrometastases in @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). PCR positivity for thyroid markers was reported in the blood of control subjects. Large variations in the PCR positivity rates and the prognostic value of these assays have been encountered in @entity2 and @entity3 . There was a correlation between PCR and stage in some but not all the studies. Despite these discrepancies, many investigators have shown PCR to be predictive of outcome in @entity2 and especially in @entity3 . PCR in blood and bone marrow was an independent predictor of overall and disease-free survival in @entity3 @entity0 rendered surgically free of disease. These tests may help better stratify @entity0 for radical surgeries and adjuvant therapy. Large prospective and interlaboratory studies are needed to confirm the accuracy and prognostic value of these assays.

title: Review: polymerase chain reaction detection of micrometastases and circulating XXXX cells: application to @entity3 , prostate, and thyroid carcinomas.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity8 ) has been shown to attenuate cytokine release from LPS-stimulated @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells; however, the in vivo antiinflammatory effect of @entity8 in polymicrobial sepsis and @entity3 is unknown. This study evaluates the effect of @entity8 on inflammatory cytokine release and the pathways that may mediate antiinflammatory effects of @entity8 in the lung. Either 0.75 g/kg of @entity8 or saline placebo (SP) was administered to male @entity1 1 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). NF-kappaB activation, IKBalpha degradation, phosphorylation of @entity6 MAPK, @entity7 , and @entity11 expression were evaluated in lung tissue 6 h post-CLP. Lung tissue iNOS and @entity10 , @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity9 cytokines were assayed. Last, lung histopathology for occurrence of @entity3 and survival were examined. @entity8 given 1 h postsepsis led to inhibition of lung tissue NF-kappaB activation (P < 0.001 vs. SP), attenuated degradation of IKBalpha, and inhibited phosphorylation of @entity6 MAPK, and @entity7 , pathways critical for cytokine release. @entity8 treatment increased @entity11 peptide expression and significantly attenuated @entity2 and @entity4 6 h after CLP. @entity9 was attenuated by @entity8 at multiple time points post-CLP. Further, @entity8 abrogated increases in lung iNOS expression and enhanced lung @entity10 postsepsis. Finally, @entity8 prevented the histopathologic appearance of @entity3 after sepsis and significantly improved survival. These data reveal that @entity8 exerts an antiinflammatory effect in sepsis that may be mediated via attenuation of multiple pathways of inflammation such as NF-kappaB, @entity6 MAPK, @entity7 , and @entity11 . @entity8 also showed an inhibition of increases in iNOS expression. The antiinflammatory effect of @entity8 was associated with attenuation of @entity3 and mortality.

title: GLUTAMINE PREVENTS ACTIVATION OF NF-kappaB AND STRESS KINASE PATHWAYS, ATTENUATES INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RELEASE, AND PREVENTS @entity3 ( XXXX ) FOLLOWING SEPSIS.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early prediction of disease severity in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate the body-mass index (BMI), plasma @entity4 , @entity5 and ghrelin levels as potential markers predicting @entity1 and severity in @entity2 . METHODS: In the study period, 97 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 were prospectively analysed. Severe @entity2 was defined according to the Atlanta Criteria. BMI was also calculated. To measure plasma @entity4 , @entity5 and Ghrelin concentrations, the blood samples were obtained from @entity0 within 24 hours of admission. RESULTS: Out of 97 @entity0 , 92(70 females, 22 males) were considered eligible for analysis. Of the 92 @entity0 , 30 @entity0 (32.6%) were assessed as severe @entity3 . BMI and @entity4 levels were significantly higher in @entity0 with severe @entity3 . The pooled sensitivity and specificity of BMI as a predictor for the development of @entity1 were 0.90(95%CI  =  0.56-0.99) and 0.70(95%CI  =  0.58-0.79), respectively; with an overall area under curve value of 0.78.The pooled sensitivity and specificity of @entity4 levels as a predictor for development of @entity1 were 1(95%CI  =  0.69-1) and 0.73(95%CI  =  0.62-0.82),respectively; with an overall area under curve value of 0.82. @entity5 and ghrelin levels showed no significant difference in @entity0 with mild @entity3 (6.97      0.84  ng/ml and 2.3(1.0-9.9);respectively) and severe @entity3 (6.74      0.65  ng/ml and 2.0(1.9-9.9); respectively) (p  =  0.1923 and 0.8531;respectively). CONCLUSION: BMI and plasma @entity4 levels both were correlated with the severity of @entity3 . @entity4 levels showed better area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity values compared to BMI in prediction of @entity1 . @entity5 and ghrelin levels were not found to be predictors of the severity of disease.

title: The potential role of BMI, plasma XXXX , @entity5 and ghrelin levels in the early detection of @entity1 and severe @entity2 : a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study sought to examine the specificity, developmental correlates, nature and pervasiveness of imitation deficits very early in the development of @entity5 . METHODS: Subjects were 24 @entity0 with @entity5 (mean age 34 months), 18 @entity0 with @entity4 , 20 @entity0 with other @entity3 , and 15 typically-developing @entity0 . Tasks included manual, oral-facial, and object oriented imitations, developmental measures, joint attention ability, and motor abilities. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity5 were found to be significantly more impaired in overall imitation abilities, oral-facial imitation, and imitations of actions on objects than @entity0 in all of the other groups. Imitation skills of young @entity0 with @entity4 were strongly influenced by the absence or presence of symptoms of @entity5 . For @entity0 with @entity5 , imitation skills were strongly correlated with @entity5 and joint attention, even when controlling for developmental level. For comparison groups, imitation was related to other developmental abilities including play, language, and @entity2 . Neither motor functioning nor social responsivity accounted for a significant amount of variance in imitation scores, when controlling for overall developmental level, which accounted for much of the variation in imitation ability. CONCLUSIONS: Simple imitation skills were differentially impaired in young @entity0 with @entity5 , and lack of social cooperation did not account for their poor performance. In @entity5 , imitation skills clustered with dyadic and triadic social interactions and overall developmental level, but were not related to play or language development. For comparison @entity0 , all these areas were inter-related. Hypotheses about a specific @entity1 underlying the imitation performance in @entity5 were not supported.

title: Imitation performance in toddlers with @entity5 and those with other XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 61-year-old @entity0 in poor general health was admitted to hospital because of progressive diarrheo, @entity12 , @entity8 and @entity4 . The @entity0 had a history of @entity3 with poor dietary compliance over many years. Hence, the present clinical deterioration was unresponsive to a gluten-free diet. INVESTIGATIONS: Laboratory results showed signs of @entity1 and malabsorption. The endoscopy of the duodenum revealed a flattened @entity2 , as is typical for @entity3 . Enteroscopy revealed many small jejunal lesions. Histological examination of mucosa showed typical signs of @entity3 without definite signs of @entity5 . Immunhistochemical analysis showed atypical intraepithelial T-cells, while the molecular biological study revealed a monoclonal T-cell clone, both supporting the diagnosis of an @entity11 associated @entity6 (EATCL). DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY: The @entity0 was enrolled in a study on @entity9 and accordingly received 6 courses of @entity10 -chemotherapy. Clinical and histological improvement has lasted for over a year. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity3 unresponsive to a gluten-free diet or with a deteriorating clinical condition may have an @entity11 -associated @entity6 . This can manifest itself in the form of an @entity7 . In the early stages of disease, immunhistochemical and molecularbiological analyses may lead to the correct diagnosis.

title: [Enteropathy-associated XXXX . Manifestation as diet-refractory @entity3 and ulcerating jejunitis].

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: To detect the mechanism by which @entity2 escapes the growth constraints imposed on normal cells by cell crowding and dense pericellular matrices. METHODS: An immunohistochemical study of integrin avb6 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was performed on tissue microarrays of 200 spots, including 100 cases of @entity2 . RESULTS: High immunoreactivity for avb6 (73.7%; 28/38) and @entity4 (76.5%; 52/68) was observed in invasive @entity0 portions. Furthermore, the effects of integrin avb6 on @entity0 @entity3 in @entity1 were detected. Tumor @entity3 and high expression of both avb6 and @entity4 were only seen in @entity0 resulting from WiDr cells expressing avb6 in the tumorigenicity assay. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze avb6 expression in @entity2 WiDr and SW480 cells. The effects of cell density on avb6 expression and @entity4 secretion were also detected by Biotrak @entity4 activity assay and gelatin zymography assay. High cell density evidently enhanced avb6 expression and promoted @entity4 secretion compared with low density. CONCLUSION: Integrin avb6 sustains and promotes @entity0 @entity3 in @entity0 progression via a self-perpetuating mechanism. Integrin a  b6-mediated @entity4 secretion facilitates pericellular matrix degradation at high cell density, which provides the basis of @entity3 .

title: Integrin avb6 sustains and promotes @entity0 @entity3 in XXXX progression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The article identifies 2 national healthcare problems that are occurring in the United States. The first national healthcare problem is @entity1 and the second is @entity2 . What do these 2 healthcare problems have in common? They go hand in hand in teenagers and adults who have undergone weight reduction surgeries. These surgical procedures place a @entity0 at risk for @entity2 because of the surgical procedure causing malabsorption that comes from the bypassing of the duodenum, which is the primary location for the absorption of @entity4 . This new high-risk population needs to become educated regarding @entity2 and the treatment measures that can be instituted to prevent this disease. @entity2 is a disease where the bones of the body become very fragile and can easily break. Any bone can be affected by @entity2 and @entity3 . There is no cure for @entity2 but this disease can be controlled and prevented. This article discusses various treatment and prevention measures, ranging from dietary changes to the addition of medications.

title: The effects of weight loss on XXXX and bone.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been proved that fractional exhaled @entity4 (FENO) results are in disagreement with other measurements of @entity3 control. The objective of this work is to present and validate new @entity1 ratios. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study in which we evaluated data from medical documentation of 1,529 pediatric and adolescent subjects and a small number (2% of the studied population) of young adults, who presented symptoms suggestive of @entity3 (age range 4-24 y). We are the first to analyze results obtained in this manner (before the introduction of controlled medication): FENO, spirometry, specific resistance of the airways, diagnosis of @entity2 , and allergen sensitization (specific immunoglobulin E results). RESULTS: Cut-off points for the new indicators allowed us to diagnose @entity3 in the study @entity0 : for FVC/FENO ratio, 0.17 L/ppb; for FEV1/FENO ratio, 0.15 L/ppb; for forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC maneuver (FEF25-75%)/FENO ratio, 0.16 L/ppb; for FENO/FVC ratio, 11.00 ppb/L; for FENO/FEV1 ratio, 12.53 ppb/L; and for FENO/FEF25-75% ratio, 11.81 ppb/L. Only the ratios described above were closely correlated with the diagnosis of @entity3 and with one another. They significantly differed between subjects with @entity3 and healthy subjects as well as between females and males. Only FEF25-75%/FENO and FENO/FEF25-75% values were significant predictors of any sensitization in the studied subjects. We found higher sensitivity than specificity and higher positive predictive value than negative predictive value for FVC/FENO, FEV1/FENO, and FEF25-75%/FENO and found a mirror image for reverse parameters. However, the positive predictive values and negative predictive values were not clearly convincing with respect to diagnostic accuracy in the case of the new parameters proposed. CONCLUSIONS: We propose new @entity1 ratios by which it may become possible to diagnose @entity3 in @entity0 and adolescents on the basis of a subject's spirometry and FENO measurements. We believe that our ratios are only supportive of the universally used parameters in the process of diagnosing @entity3 .

title: Spirometry-Adjusted Fraction of Exhaled @entity4 Allows Asthma Diagnosis in XXXX , Adolescents, and Young Adults.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A recent study suggests that @entity3 is not a risk factor for @entity1 . Since this unexpected finding would have important clinical implications if confirmed, we performed a case-control study with the aim to determine the prevalence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 and in healthy individuals taken from the general population and the relative risk of @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 . Free protein S concentration was measured in 327 consecutive @entity0 with at least one venous @entity2 episode and in 317 age- and sex-matched control individuals. Different normal reference ranges were obtained and adopted for @entity0 and @entity0 . @entity3 was found in 3.1% (95% CI: 1.5-5.2) of @entity0 and in 1.3% of controls (95% CI: 0.3-2.8). Ten @entity0 and 4 control subjects had @entity3 , which determined a relative risk of @entity2 (sex- and age-adjusted odds ratio) of 2.4 (95% CI: 0.8-7.9). When @entity0 and @entity0 were analyzed separately, the risk was 5.0 (95% CI: 0.6-43.6) and 1.6 (95% CI: 0.4-6.7) respectively. PS-deficient @entity0 had more @entity2 episodes than @entity0 and later in life. Multivariate analysis established that sex was an independent determinant of the number of episodes, as was age, while @entity4 was not. However sex and @entity4 status were both determinants of age at first @entity2 episode.

title: Free XXXX is a risk factor for @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Antigenic variation is a common microbial survival strategy, powered by diversity in expressed surface antigens across the pathogen population over the course of @entity3 . Even so, among pathogens, African trypanosomes have the most comprehensive system of antigenic variation described. African trypanosomes ( @entity4 spp.) are unicellular parasites native to sub-Saharan Africa, and the causative agents of @entity1 in @entity0 and of n'agana in livestock. They cycle between two habitats: a specific species of @entity2 (Glossina spp. or, colloquially, the tsetse) and the bloodstream of their @entity0 hosts, by assuming a succession of proliferative and quiescent developmental forms, which vary widely in cell architecture and function. Key to each of the developmental forms that arise during these transitions is the composition of the surface coat that covers the plasma membrane.The trypanosome surface coat is extremely dense, covered by millions of repeats of developmentally specified proteins: procyclin gene products cover the organism while it resides in the tsetse and metacyclic gene products cover it while in the @entity2 salivary glands, ready to make the transition to the @entity0 bloodstream. But by far the most interesting coat is the Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat that covers the organism in its infectious form (during which it must survive free living in the @entity0 bloodstream). This coat is highly antigenic and elicits robust VSG-specific antibodies that mediate efficient opsonization and complement mediated lysis of the parasites carrying the coat against which the response was made. Meanwhile, a small proportion of the parasite population switches coats, which stimulates a new antibody response to the prevalent (new) VSG species and this process repeats until immune system failure. The disease is fatal unless treated, and treatment at the later stages is extremely toxic.Because the organism is free living in the blood, the VSG:antibody surface represents the interface between pathogen and host, and defines the interaction of the parasite with the immune response. This interaction (cycles of VSG switching, antibody generation, and parasite deletion) results in stereotypical peaks and troughs of @entity5 that were first recognized more than 100 years ago. Essentially, the mechanism of antigenic variation in @entity4 results from a need, at the population level, to maintain an extensive repertoire, to evade the antibody response. In this chapter, we will examine what is currently known about the VSG repertoire, its depth, and the mechanisms that diversify it both at the molecular (DNA) and at the phenotypic (surface displayed) level, as well as how it could interact with antibodies raised specifically against it in the host.

title: A Host-Pathogen Interaction Reduced to First Principles: Antigenic Variation in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the combination of two psychophysical and two electrophysiological procedures improves diagnostic validity compared with single procedures. METHODS: In a clinical study, 73 @entity0 with @entity2 from the University Eye Hospital in Erlangen and 122 healthy control subjects from the university staff, ranging in age from 19 to 62 years, underwent measurement of temporal contrast sensitivity using a full-field flicker test, spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity, blue-on-yellow visual evoked potential (VEP), and a black-and-white, pattern-reversal electroretinogram. Diagnostic reference criteria included applanation tonometry, optic disc morphometry, and automated perimetry. Sensitivity was determined univariately with a fixed specificity of 80% and in a multivariate approach using logistic regression analysis. The classification rate was estimated using the leaving-one-out method. The correlation with intraocular pressure, @entity1 , and @entity3 was determined. RESULTS: Contrast sensitivity measurements and the blue-on-yellow pattern-onset VEP showed comparable sensitivity (85%, 84%, and 85%) with 80% specificity, and a pattern-reversal electroretinogram showed lower sensitivity (64%). The first three methods contributed independent information to a diagnostic score. This score improved sensitivity to 94%, with a specificity of 89%. All procedures moderately correlated with the neuroretinal rim area of the optic disc (r=0.32-0.46). The psychophysical tests showed a higher correlation with @entity1 (r > 0.5) than the electrophysiological tests (r < 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: The multivariate approach substantially increased the diagnostic validity compared with single procedures. This was probably because the diagnostic procedures under investigation tested different aspects of visual function.

title: A multivariate sensory model in XXXX diagnosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of high-speed gait training with an exoskeleton robot @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 with @entity1 , and to examine the efficacy of eight sessions (8 weeks) of gait training with a @entity3 compared with conventional physical therapy. Eighteen @entity0 with @entity1 were included in this study (nine each in the @entity3 and control groups). The @entity3 group underwent high-speed gait training with the @entity3 once a week for 8 weeks (20   min/session). The control group underwent conventional physical therapy for gait disturbance. Outcome measures were walking speed, number of steps, and cadence during a 10   m walking test, a timed up and go test, a functional reach test, and the Berg Balance Scale. Assessments were performed in the absence of the @entity3 before training and after the fourth and eighth training sessions. All @entity0 in the @entity3 group completed the high-speed gait training without adverse events. The @entity3 group improved significantly in walking speed (55.9% increase, P<0.001), number of steps (17.6% decrease, P<0.01), and cadence (32.8% increase, P<0.001) during the 10   m walking test. The @entity0 also exhibited significant improvements in the timed up and go test, the functional reach test, and the Berg Balance Scale after @entity3 training (P<0.01 in all). No statistical time-dependent changes were observed in any parameter in the control group. For @entity1 @entity0 , high-speed gait training with a @entity3 appears to be feasible and effective in improving gait and @entity2 despite the limitations of this nonrandomized pilot study.

title: Feasibility and efficacy of high-speed gait training with a voluntary driven exoskeleton robot for gait and @entity2 in XXXX with @entity1 : nonrandomized pilot study with concurrent control.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of temporary prophylactic intravascular balloon occlusion of the common iliac arteries (CIA) before planned cesarean hysterectomy for controlling operative @entity1 in abnormal placentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 13 pregnant @entity0 at risk for @entity6 identified using sequential obstetric ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging from January 2007 to December 2009 was performed. Temporary prophylactic intravascular balloon catheterization of the bilateral CIA before cesarean hysterectomy was performed by interventional radiologists. The maximum duration of occlusion time of CIA must not exceed 60 minutes. The primary outcome for this study included estimated @entity1 and secondary outcomes included the development of @entity4 , disseminated @entity5 and surgical complications. RESULTS: Among these13 @entity0 , the mean age of the @entity0 was 32.8      0.7 years (range 29-37 years). The mean gestational age at cesarean hysterectomy was 32.2      0.9 weeks (range 28-36 weeks), and the mean intraoperative @entity1 was 1902.3      578.8  mL (range 500-8000  mL). @entity2 was controlled by conservative treatment without additional surgery in two cases. Importantly, two @entity0 (15.8%) had severe complications possibly related to the interventional procedure. One @entity0 was noted to have a popliteal artery @entity3 . A second @entity0 had an @entity3 with 80-90% occlusion. Both patients required antithrombotic treatment without sequelae. CONCLUSION: With limited experience in this small series, we observed a statistically significant reduction in operative @entity1 after the use of temporary prophylactic balloon occlusion of the CIA technique compared with historical controls of similar demographic characteristics previously published (1902.3      578.8  mL, range 500-8000  mL vs. 4445.7      996.48  mL, range 1040-15,000  mL, p  =  0.0402). Additionally, two @entity0 had arterial @entity3 . These preliminary findings are based on a small number of @entity0 , and therefore further investigation is needed to determine the effectiveness and safety of this new technique.

title: Temporary prophylactic intravascular balloon occlusion of the common iliac arteries before cesarean hysterectomy for controlling operative XXXX in abnormal placentation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quartz stone grinders are one such group of workers who are exposed to @entity4 and thereby at risk of developing @entity5 . However due to increased campaigning against @entity5 the scenario has changed. OBJECTIVES: To compare the respiratory morbidities among the present quartz stone workers and the ex-quartz stone workers who have left the job. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included, 134 ex-workers and 182 current workers of quartz grinding units. All these subjects were subjected to chest radiography and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: For 134 ex-workers, the mean age was 31.77    9.99 years and the mean duration of exposure was found to be 2.74    1.65 years while for the present workers, the mean age was 26.74   7.12 years while the mean duration of exposure was 1.36    2.68 years. The study revealed @entity5 in 24 (17.9%), radiological suspected @entity2 in 17 (12.7%) and silico- @entity2 in 33 (24.7%) ex-workers while in present workers, radiological suspected @entity2 in 10 (5.5%) subjects and @entity5 grade 1/1 in one subject were found. Among the ex-workers, 14 (10.4%) had a combined type of @entity0 while 8 (6.0%) and 28 (20.9%) were having restrictive and obstructive type of @entity1 , respectively. Among the present workers, pulmonary function testing revealed the combined @entity0 in 1 (0.5%), restrictive type in 13 (7.1%), and obstructive @entity0 in 17 (9.2%) subjects. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of @entity3 in ex-workers as compared to current workers can be attributed to the out-of-the-job healthy workers' effect.

title: Comparison of XXXX between present and ex-workers of quartz crushing units: Healthy workers' effect.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The prognosis of elderly @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is universally poor. Currently, few studies have examined postoperative outcomes and the effects of various modern therapies such as bevacizumab on survival in this @entity0 population. In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of various factors on overall survival in a cohort of elderly @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 . METHODS A retrospective review was performed of elderly @entity0 (>=  65 years old) with newly diagnosed @entity2 treated between 2004 and 2010. Various characteristics were evaluated in univariate and multivariate stepwise models to examine their effects on complication risk and overall survival. RESULTS A total of 120 @entity0 were included in the study. The median age was 71 years, and sex was distributed evenly. @entity0 had a median Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of 80 and a median of 2 neurological symptoms on presentation. The majority (53.3%) of the @entity0 did not have any comorbidities. @entity1 most frequently (43.3%) involved the temporal lobe, followed by the parietal (35.8%), frontal (32.5%), and occipital (15.8%) regions. The majority (57.5%) of the @entity1 involved eloquent structures. The median @entity1 size was 4.3 cm. Every @entity0 underwent resection, and 63.3% underwent gross-total resection (GTR). The vast majority (97.3%) of the @entity0 received the postoperative standard of care consisting of radiotherapy with concurrent @entity4 . The majority (59.3%) of @entity0 received additional agents, most commonly consisting of bevacizumab (38.9%). The median survival for all @entity0 was 12.0 months; 26.7% of @entity0 experienced long-term (>=  2-year) survival. The extent of resection was seen to significantly affect overall survival; @entity0 who underwent GTR had a median survival of 14.1 months, whereas those who underwent subtotal resection had a survival of 9.6 months (p = 0.038). Examination of chemotherapeutic effects revealed that the use of bevacizumab compared with no bevacizumab (20.1 vs 7.9 months, respectively; p < 0.0001) and @entity3 compared with no @entity3 (18.0 vs 9.7 months, respectively; p = 0.027) significantly improved survival. Multivariate stepwise analysis revealed that older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06 [95% CI1.02-1.10]; p = 0.0077), a higher KPS score (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.95-0.99]; p = 0.0082), and the use of bevacizumab (HR 0.51 [95% CI 0.31-0.83]; p = 0.0067) to be significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that GTR confers a modest survival benefit on elderly @entity0 with @entity2 , suggesting that safe maximal resection is warranted. In addition, bevacizumab significantly increased the overall survival of these elderly @entity0 with @entity2 ; older age and preoperative KPS score also were significant prognostic factors. Although elderly @entity0 with @entity2 have a poor prognosis, they may experience enhanced survival after the administration of the standard of care and the use of additional chemotherapeutics such as bevacizumab.

title: XXXX in the elderly: the effect of aggressive and modern therapies on survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To assess the significance of combined neurophysiological and neurourological examinations for diagnosis of @entity1 . METHODS: This is a prospective study of 32 spinal cord injured @entity0 . Each underwent clinical and neurophysiological examinations (sympathetic skin responses (SSR), pudendal somato-sensory evoked potentials (P-SSEP), bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR)) and neuro-urological measurements (urodynamic examination (UE), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and nocturnal penile tumescence recordings (NPTR)). RESULTS: @entity2 due to impairment of @entity6 was associated with loss of BCR and @entity5 (P > 0.001), whereas that due to impairment of @entity6 was associated with loss of perineal SSR (P < 0.001). P-SSEP corresponded in 94% with impairment of penile sensibility and duration of erections in NPTR. The NPTRs were less related to functional @entity3 . NPTRs in complete and incomplete suprasacral (level > T10) spinal lesion showed sufficient erections despite strongly disturbed @entity6 . NPTRs in lumbosacral lesion revealed significant reduction in or absent erections and underestimated the presence of well excitable @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Combined neurophysiologic and neurourologic testing provides highly relevant diagnostic informations about @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 . Loss of the BCR and @entity5 imply loss of somatic and parasympathetic reflex activity and correlate with loss of @entity6 . Loss of @entity6 correlates with loss of perineal SSR (sympathetic denervation).

title: Clinical value of combined electrophysiological and urodynamic recordings to assess XXXX in spinal cord injured @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a common complication after amputation, affecting up to 80% of the amputee population. However, only 5% to 10% of amputees have severe @entity5 impacting daily function. The present report details the management of severe, treatment-resistant @entity5 in a 72-year-old @entity0 with a traumatic left transradial amputation and a comorbid complication of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of @entity5 with @entity4 and the possible role of @entity3 in the treatment of both conditions. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature regarding the management of @entity5 . RESULTS: Seventeen articles that directly addressed @entity5 were identified; 11 were randomized controlled trials. All involved small samples and follow-up ranged from 6 h to one year, with the majority limited to six weeks. DISCUSSION: In the present case, medication management was limited by side effects, lack of response and the @entity0 's desire to avoid long-term medication. Investigations revealed @entity4 , which was suspected to envelop the median nerve in the proximal forearm. After several unsuccessful medication trials, the literature was reviewed in search of common variables between @entity4 formation and persistent @entity5 . Ultimately, the biochemical effects associated with @entity1 were identified to be a possible factor in both @entity4 and @entity5 development. @entity3 's proposed mechanisms of action may help to manage @entity4 and @entity5 at multiple stages of disease development and maintenance. In the present case, a four-week trial of intranasal @entity3 was successful, with @entity2 control lasting at least 18 months. CONCLUSION: The present case report provided a review of the current literature in @entity5 pharmacological management and the current understanding of the etiology of @entity5 and @entity4 , as well as how the two may coexist. It also provided an opportunity to discuss the proposed mechanisms of action of @entity3 in the management of @entity5 and @entity4 .

title: Use of @entity3 in recalcitrant phantom limb @entity2 complicated by XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Early screening for @entity2 has been suggested to improve @entity0 management for individuals experiencing @entity4 . This study compared 2 approaches to psychological screening (ie, multidimensional and unidimensional) so that preliminary recommendations on which approach may be appropriate for use in clinical settings other than primary care could be provided. Specifically, this study investigated aspects of the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT): 1) discriminant validity by evaluating its relationship with unidimensional psychological measures and 2) construct validity by evaluating how SBT risk categories compared to empirically derived subgroups using unidimensional psychological and disability measures. @entity0 (N  =  146) receiving physical therapy for @entity5 were administered the SBT and a battery of unidimensional psychological measures at initial evaluation. Clinical measures consisted of @entity1 intensity and self-reported disability. Several SBT risk-dependent relationships (ie, SBT low  <  medium  <  high risk) were identified for unidimensional psychological measure scores, with depressive symptom scores associated with the strongest influence on SBT risk categorization. Empirically derived subgroups indicated that there was no evidence of distinctive patterns among @entity3 measures other than high or low profiles; therefore, 2 groups may provide a clearer representation of the level of @entity1 , maladaptive coping, and disability in this setting compared with 3 groups as suggested when using the SBT in primary care settings. PERSPECTIVE: This study suggests that the SBT can replace administering several unidimensional psychological measures as a first-line screening measure for @entity2 . However, clinicians need to be aware of the potential for misclassification with SBT results when compared to unidimensional measures. This study also suggests that a modified SBT risk stratification scheme based on empirically derived subgroups could potentially assist in identifying elevated levels of @entity1 , maladaptive coping, and disability in practice settings outside of primary care. @entity0 identified with elevated levels of @entity1 and maladaptive coping may be indicated for additional assessment using construct-specific questionnaires.

title: Subgrouping for XXXX With @entity4 : A Multidimensional Approach Incorporating Cluster Analysis and the STarT Back Screening Tool.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: B-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs) are secreted by the @entity0 heart in response to ventricular wall stretch or @entity3 , and predict adverse cardiovascular events and @entity1 in the general population. Following non-cardiac surgical procedures, there is growing evidence supporting @entity5 measurement as a powerful independent predictor of @entity1 and perioperative complications. However, the clinical implication of elevated @entity5 measurements after pulmonary resection has not been completely defined. This study aimed to evaluate the role of @entity5 in predicting adverse cardiopulmonary events after thoracic surgery. METHODS: A prospective, short-term, observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, including consecutive @entity0 undergoing scheduled pulmonary resection between April 2012 and October 2013. Baseline clinical details were obtained; serum @entity5 levels were measured at baseline and on postoperative days 1 and 4. RESULTS: We enrolled 294 consecutive @entity0 , median age 66 [interquartile range (IQR): 57-73], 67% male. There were 2 perioperative @entity1 , and 52 @entity0 experienced one or more @entity4 . The baseline median @entity5 value was normal (29.5 pg/ml, IQR: 16-57.2), and showed significant postoperative increase, peaking on day 1. @entity0 who developed @entity2 had a significantly greater @entity5 increase (P < 0.0001) when compared with those without complications. A postoperative day 1 @entity5 measurement of >= 118.5 [receiver operating characteristic area: 0.654; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-0.74; P = 0.001] was associated with a 3-fold risk of developing @entity2 [odds ratio (OR): 2.94; 95% CI: 1.32-6.57; P = 0.008]. Logistic regression analysis showed major pulmonary resections (lobectomies or pneumonectomies), @entity5 >=  118.5 and age >=  65 to be the only independent predictive variables. In the subset of @entity0 undergoing lobectomy or pneumonectomy (n = 226), @entity5 was the strongest independent predictor of complications (OR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.51-8.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity5 elevation, measured in the first days after thoracic surgery, is independently associated with postoperative adverse events. In @entity0 undergoing major pulmonary resections, a postoperative @entity5 elevation is the strongest independent predictor of @entity4 .

title: B-type natriuretic peptide following thoracic surgery: a predictor of XXXX   .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 describes the life-threatening @entity8 ( @entity8 ) of an organism to an @entity2 and is the leading cause of mortality on @entity7 ( @entity7 ) worldwide. An acute episode of @entity3 is characterized by the extensive release of cytokines and other mediators resulting in a dysregulated immune response leading to organ damage and/or @entity1 . This initial pro-inflammatory burst often transits into a state of immune suppression characterised by loss of immune cells and T-cell dysfunction at later disease stages in @entity3 survivors. However, despite these appreciations, the precise nature of the evoked defect in T-cell immunity in post-acute phases of @entity8 remains unknown. Here we present an in-depth functional analysis of T-cell function in post-acute @entity8 / @entity3 . We document that T-cell function is not compromised on a per cell basis in experimental rodent models of @entity8 ( @entity5 or CpG) or @entity4 . Transgenic antigen-specific T-cells feature an unaltered cytokine response if challenged in vivo and ex vivo with cognate antigens. Isolated CD4+/CD8+ T-cells from post-acute septic animals do not exhibit defects in T-cell receptor-mediated activation at the the level of receptor-proximal signalling, activation marker upregulation or expansion. However, @entity8 / @entity3 induced transient @entity9 and gave rise to an environment of immune attenuation at post @entity6 stages. Thus, systemic @entity0 has an acute impact on T-cell numbers and adaptive immunity, but does not cause major cell-autonomous enduring functional defects in T-cells.

title: Immunosuppression after @entity3 : systemic @entity0 and XXXX induce a loss of na  ve T-cells but no enduring cell-autonomous defects in T-cell function.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine if the incidence of recall was equivalent between light and deep sedation for colonoscopy. Secondary analysis included complications, @entity0 clinical recovery, and post-procedure @entity1 . METHODS: Two hundred @entity0 undergoing elective outpatient colonoscopy were randomized to light (bispectral index [BIS] 70-80) or deep (BIS < 60) sedation with @entity2 and @entity3 . Recall was assessed by the modified Brice questionnaire, and cognition at baseline and discharge was assessed using a Cogstate test battery. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range [IQR]) BIS values were different in the two groups (69 [65-74] light sedation vs 53 [46-59] deep sedation; P < 0.0001). The incidence of recall was 12% in the light sedation group and 1% in the deep sedation group. The risk difference for recall was 0.11 (90% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.17) in the intention-to-treat analysis, thus refuting equivalence in recall between light and deep sedation (0.05 significance level; 10% equivalence margin). Overall sedation-related complications were more frequent with deep sedation than with light sedation (66% vs 47%, respectively; P = 0.008). Recovery was more rapid with light sedation than with deep sedation as determined by the mean (SD) time to reach a score of 5 on the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale [3 (4) min vs 7 (4) min, respectively; P < 0.001] and by the median [IQR] time to readiness for hospital discharge (65 [57-80] min vs 74 [63-86] min, respectively; P = 0.001). The incidence of post-procedural @entity1 was similar in those randomized to light (19%) vs deep (16%) sedation (P = 0.554). CONCLUSION: Light sedation was not equivalent to deep sedation for procedural recall, the spectrum of complications, or recovery times. This study provides evidence to inform discussions with @entity0 about sedation for colonoscopy. This trial was registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number 12611000320954.

title: A randomized controlled trial of light versus deep XXXX sedation for elective outpatient colonoscopy: recall, procedural conditions, and recovery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a well-recognized phenomenon attending cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. @entity0 leads to costly complications and several strategies intended to ameliorate the symptoms have been studied, including leukocyte reduction using filtration. Although the body of work suggests that leukoreduction attenuates @entity0 , discrepancies remain within the literature. The recent literature is reviewed, highlighting the areas where concordance is lacking. Investigations into many promising device-related technologies are often deterred by the high costs of clinical trials. Adding to costs is the fact that clinical end points generally require large sample sizes. An understanding, however, of the pathogenesis of @entity1 can guide the investigator to choose physiologic response measures that correlate well with clinical outcome, but feature low inherent variability, allowing for clinical trials with smaller sample sizes. With this goal in mind, a model for the pathogenesis of @entity1 is described. Using a model of @entity1 as underpinnings for the design of prospective pilot studies, we show that salvaged blood reinfused following CPB elicits time-dependent effects on pulmonary function as predicted by the model. Data are illustrative of principles that could expand the scope of clinical investigations designed to validate the use of physiologic response measures as correlates of clinical outcome. Such investigations would target surrogate markers of clinical outcome, measured at clinically relevant times. Once validated, these surrogate markers would, thereafter, become economical screening tools for clinical studies of device-related or pharmacological anti- inflammatory interventions.

title: A review of leukofiltration in cardiac surgery: the time course of XXXX may facilitate study design of anti-inflammatory effects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the timing and suitable method of reconstructing @entity2 caused by devastating electrical burn. METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with @entity2 after devastating electrical burn, hospitalized from September 1998 to August 2013, were included in this study. After the @entity1 tissues in the wounds were removed by dressing changes, a local or a hinge-like flap constructed from scrotum or abdominal wall, a prelaminated hinge-like flap from forearm, or a free forearm flap was selected, according to the injury degree of the penis, for the repair of the defect or reconstruction of penis respectively. RESULTS: The flaps survived and the wounds healed well in 2 @entity0 repaired with local flaps from scrotum or abdominal wall. @entity3 occurred in 2 @entity0 6 to 9 months after the transplantation of hinge-like flaps from scrotum, and they were cured by appropriate drugs. Functions of urination and erection of penis were recovered in these 4 @entity0 . All flaps survived in the 5 @entity0 repaired with hinge-like flaps from abdominal wall or prelaminated flaps from forearm. The wounds in 2 @entity0 healed; wound @entity4 occurred in the other 3 @entity0 in different degrees, and they healed after suturing for 2 or 3 times. The function of erection of penis recovered in these 5 @entity0 , but with discontinuity of urinary stream during urination. Among them, 3 married @entity0 enjoyed satisfactory sexual life. All free forearm flaps survived and the wounds healed well in 4 @entity0 . @entity5 occurred in 1 @entity0 , and it was repaired by a secondary operation. These 4 @entity0 experienced normal urination function, but only 2 @entity0 in whom corpus spongiosum partially remained retained the function of erection of penis to certain degree. All these 4 @entity0 could not perform normal sexual intercourse. All @entity0 were followed up for 6 to 13 months after surgery. Under ordinary state, the length of penis was 5.9-9.3 cm, and the circumference of penis was 8.4-10.0 cm. Wound scar was not obvious in all cases. Nine @entity0 reported a restricted erection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 caused by devastating electrical burn should be repaired with a suitable flap after @entity1 tissues are removed with dressing change. To repair affected penis with @entity1 of a small part of cavernous body and/or corpus spongiosum, or combined with urethra defects, local flaps from scrotum or abdominal wall or hinge-like flap from scrotum should be employed. To repair those with @entity1 of a large part or the whole of corpus spongiosum combined with urethra defects, hinge-like skin flaps from abdominal wall or prelaminated flaps from forearm should be employed. In @entity0 with @entity1 of a large part of cavernous body and corpus spongiosum combined with urethra defect, or total loss of penis, free forearm flaps should be employed to reconstruct penis.

title: [Opportune time and method of reconstruction of XXXX caused by devastating electrical burn.]

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early @entity4 is proposed to be the primary cause of the poor outcome after @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which is closely related to the neural apoptosis. To date, the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor b/   ( @entity8 /  ) and nuclear factor-kB/matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( @entity6 / @entity7 ) pathway, both of which are closely related to apoptotic effects, has been poorly studied in @entity3 . The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of @entity8 /   on early @entity4 and @entity6 / @entity7 pathway after @entity3 in @entity0 . METHODS: @entity3 model was established by injecting nonheparinized autologous arterial blood into the prechiasmatic cistern in male @entity0 . Adenoviruses or small interfering RNAs were injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle to, respectively, up- or downregulate @entity8 /   expression before @entity3 . All animals were assessed with a neurological score and then killed at 24 hours after @entity3 surgery. The indexes of brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, and apoptosis were used to detect @entity4 . The expression of @entity8 /  , @entity6 , and @entity7 were measured by immunohistochemistry, gelatin zymography, and Western Blot methods, respectively. In addition, @entity9 , a specific agonist of @entity8 /  , was used to treat @entity3 in @entity0 , the effects of which were evaluated by neurological scoring and Evans blue extravasation. RESULTS: Overexpression of @entity8 /   by adenoviruses treatment significantly ameliorated @entity4 with improvement in @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity2 , and neural cell apoptosis at 24 hours after @entity3 in @entity0 , whereas downregulation of @entity8 /   by small interfering RNAs administration resulted in the reverse effects of the above. The expression levels of @entity6 and @entity7 were markedly downregulated when @entity8 /   increased after @entity8 /   adenovirus transfection and upregulated when @entity8 /   decreased by @entity8 /   small interfering RNAs treatment. Moreover, @entity9 improved @entity1 and reduced Evans blue extravasation at 24 hours after @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 /  's overexpression may attenuate early @entity4 after @entity0 ' @entity3 administration, which reduces neural apoptosis possibly through blocking @entity6 / @entity7 pathway.

title: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor b/   Alleviates Early @entity4 After @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Isolated @entity7 (IRV) is a form of @entity7 without other @entity1 or systemic @entity6 . Treatment of IRV is a difficult problem. We report the results of treatment of 43 IRV @entity0 (25 @entity0 and 18 @entity0 , mean age 32.5 +/- 5.5 years with a range of 22-42 years). The main therapy for IRV were corticosteroids. They were used by pulse therapy, orally and locally (periocular injections). Improvement of visual acuity was more pronounced in @entity0 treated by pulse therapy (0.35 +/- 0.15) than in those treated orally (0.16 +/- 0.06, p = 0.0132) and parabulbarly (0.06 +/- 0.12, p = 0.0009). Resorption of retinal perivascular exudate was sooner achieved by @entity2 pulse therapy than by oral treatment (8.1 +/- 2.2 days vs. 17.9 +/- 2.8 days, p < 0.0000) or periocular injection of @entity4 (30.9 +/- 7.1 days, p < 0.0000). @entity5 (10-20 mg) was prescribed for 4-12 months in order to prevent IRV recurrences. @entity2 -resistant @entity0 were treated with @entity3 (5 mg/kg). The treatment was supplemented by fibrinolytics, angioprotectors, and antioxidants.

title: [Conservative therapy of isolated XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because the rate of @entity3 is an important risk factor for @entity2 , we studied longitudinal changes in @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Although the @entity0 of the hip decreased over time, spine @entity0 remained largely stable or increased. Therefore, spine @entity0 may not be appropriate for assessing @entity0 change. INTRODUCTION: The rate of age-dependent @entity3 has been shown to be an important risk factor for @entity2 . However, longitudinal rates of @entity3 in Korea have not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in @entity0 in Korea. METHODS: This cohort study was performed in a population of individuals 40  years of age or older living in the rural area of Chungju City, Korea. A second @entity0 examination was conducted approximately 4  years after a baseline examination. A total of 3755 of the 6007 subjects completed the follow-up visit, corresponding to a follow-up rate of 62.51%. RESULTS: The age-standardized @entity1 prevalence was 12.81% in males and 44.35% in females. In males, the average annual @entity3 at the total hip increased from -0.25% per year in their 40s to -1.12% per year in their 80s. In females, the average annual @entity3 at the total hip increased from -0.69% per year in their 40s to -1.51% per year in their 80s. However, the average annual percentage change in spine @entity0 in females increased from -0.91% per year in their 40s to +1.39% per year in their 80s. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of subjects had @entity1 , even though we standardized the prevalence of @entity1 . In total hip, the mean @entity0 was decreased during the follow-up period; in addition, the annual percentage loss increased with age. However, spine @entity0 remained approximately stable or increased over time and therefore may not be appropriate for assessing @entity0 change.

title: The prevalence of @entity1 and the rate of XXXX in Korean adults: the Chungju metabolic disease cohort (CMC) study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity10 substantially reduce cardiovascular mortality and appear to have beneficial effects independent of their lipid lowering properties. We evaluated the hypothesis that statin use may modulate the secretion of @entity6 , a well-known contributor to @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: -We measured adrenal hormones in two intervention studies. In study 1 in @entity4 subjects, @entity6 was analyzed at baseline and after @entity8 stimulation (AngII) on both high (HS) and low @entity7 (LS) diets (1122 observations, 15% on @entity10 > 3 months). Statin users had 33% lower @entity6 levels in adjusted models (p < 0.001). @entity5 was not modified by @entity10 . In secondary analyses, the lowest @entity6 levels were seen with lipophilic @entity10 and with higher doses. Statin users had lower blood pressure (BP) and reduced salt sensitivity of BP (p=0.001). In study 2, @entity6 was measured in @entity1 @entity0 on a HS diet, before and after AngII stimulation (143 observations, 79% @entity10 users). Again, statin users had 26% lower @entity6 levels (p =0.006), particularly those using lipophilic @entity10 . Ex vivo studies in @entity2 adrenal glomerulosa cells confirmed that lipophilic @entity10 acutely inhibited @entity6 , but not @entity9 , in response to different secretagogues. CONCLUSIONS: -Statin use among @entity4 and @entity1 subjects was associated with lower @entity6 secretion in response to AngII and LS diet in two @entity0 intervention studies. This effect appeared to be most pronounced with lipophilic @entity10 and higher doses. Future studies to evaluate whether @entity6 inhibition may partially explain the robust cardioprotective effects of @entity10 are warranted.

title: Statin Use and Adrenal @entity6 Production in @entity4 and XXXX Subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is an aggressive cutaneous @entity2 with a high propensity for nodal metastases. Regional lymph @entity3 involvement develops in 45 to 65 p. 100 of @entity0 . We evaluated in @entity4 the use of sentinel lymph @entity3 biopsy which allows the identification of occult nodal metastases. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 without clinical nodal involvement underwent pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy followed by sentinel lymphadenectomy with histologic analysis. Identification of microscopic nodal metastases led to complete lymph @entity3 dissection and adjuvant radiation therapy to the lymph @entity3 basin. RESULTS: The sentinel lymph @entity3 was successfully identified in 9 @entity0 . Two @entity0 demonstrated @entity1 in their sentinel lymph nodes. At subsequent complete @entity3 dissection, one of two @entity0 had an additional metastatic lymph @entity3 . None of the eleven @entity0 experienced recurrent disease at a follow-up varying from 1 to 42 months. One @entity0 with a negative sentinel lymph @entity3 experienced lymphoedema. COMMENTS: Our results are consistent with the 14 published studies which totalled 93 @entity0 with @entity4 and identified 29 @entity0 (30 p. 100) with nodal involvement. @entity1 was identified only after immunohistochemical analysis in 20 p. 100 of these @entity0 (n=6). Lymph @entity3 involvement appears to be a bad prognostic factor with 29.6 p. 100 of disease recurrence, as opposed to 3 p. 100 in @entity0 with an uninvolved sentinel lymph @entity3 . Although the prognostic significance of this technique seems interesting, there is no optimal therapeutic approach to sentinel lymph @entity3 involvement.

title: [Significance of sentinel lymph @entity3 XXXX . Analysis of 11 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The need for thyroid screening of @entity0 presenting with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) remains uncertain. METHODS: We examined thyroid histories and serum testing in 169 @entity0 , 92 with @entity6 , 48 with @entity2 , and 29 with @entity1 . Combined prevalence rates of @entity5 and @entity4 were compared with expected rates (2.7%) derived from the population based Whickham Survey. Data from previously published studies were also compared with these expected rates. RESULTS: In our sample, only 2/169 @entity0 had @entity3 detected by serum testing, but 5/169 [1/92 (1%) with @entity6 , 1/48 (2%) with @entity2 , and 3/29 (10%) with @entity1 ], all currently euthyroid, reported a history of @entity3 . The rates were statistically significant only for @entity1 (10.4%; z = 2.56, p = 0.01). However, combining prior @entity6 studies that examined both thyroid history and test results with our data also suggests significantly elevated rates of @entity3 (6.5%; z = 4.69, p < 0.0001). LIMITATIONS: As with previous data, the 95% confidence interval for our findings is broad, reflecting the instability of low rates of illness in relatively small samples. Further, methods for obtaining thyroid histories and tests were not uniform. CONCLUSIONS: Despite relatively low yields on serum testing, lifetime prevalence of @entity3 does appear elevated for @entity1 and @entity6 , with minimal data addressing this issue for @entity2 . The data support the need to query @entity1 and @entity6 @entity0 regarding thyroid history and perform serum testing in those without prior testing.

title: XXXX and @entity5 in @entity1 revisited: new data and literature review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postanesthetic shivering develops in as many as one half of @entity0 recovering from @entity12 anesthesia. Cholinergic stimulation of the @entity7 and adrenal medulla by @entity8 enhances secretion of @entity13 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . Because the hypothalamus is the dominant thermoregulatory controller in mammals, and these neurotransmitters may be involved in body temperature control, @entity8 administration may influence the incidence of shivering. Accordingly, the authors tested the hypothesis that @entity8 administration inhibits postanesthetic shivering. Its efficacy was compared with that of saline (negative control) and @entity14 and @entity4 (positive controls). METHODS: Sixty @entity0 having surgery of the ear or nose were tested. General anesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg @entity6 , 0.1 mg/kg @entity9 , and 1.5 microg/kg @entity10 and maintained with @entity12 (1.5 +/- 0.4%) in 70% @entity11 . At the end of surgery, the @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous bolus of 0.04 mg/kg @entity8 , isotonic saline, 0.5 mg/kg @entity14 , or 1.5 microg/kg @entity4 . Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, @entity1 saturation, visual analog @entity2 score, temperature, and postanesthetic shivering were measured during recovery. RESULTS: Postanesthetic shivering occurred in 6 of 15 (40%) @entity0 given saline. In contrast, postanesthetic shivering was significantly reduced in @entity8 -treated @entity0 (1 of 15, or 7%) and was absent in @entity0 given @entity4 or @entity14 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 inhibited shivering as well as did two established treatments, @entity14 and @entity4 . These data suggest that cholinergic systems contribute to the genesis and control of postanesthetic shivering.

title: XXXX prevents postanesthetic shivering as does @entity14 or @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One of the most challenging problems in clinical dermatology is the early detection of @entity1 . Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is an added tool to dermoscopy improving considerably diagnostic accuracy. However, diagnosis strongly depends on the experience of physicians. High-definition optical coherence tomography ( @entity2 -OCT) appears to offer additional structural and cellular information on @entity0 complementary to that of RCM. However, the diagnostic potential of @entity2 -OCT seems to be not high enough for ruling out the diagnosis of @entity1 if based on morphology analysis. The aim of this paper is first to quantify in vivo optical properties such as light attenuation in @entity0 by @entity2 -OCT. The second objective is to determine the best critical value of these optical properties for @entity1 diagnosis. The technique of semi-log plot whereby an exponential function becomes a straight line has been implemented on @entity2 -OCT signals coming from four successive skin layers (epidermis, upper papillary dermis, deeper papillary dermis and superficial @entity3 ). This permitted the @entity2 -OCT in vivo measurement of skin entrance signal (SES), relative attenuation factor normalized for the skin entrance signal (   @entity4 ) and half value layer (z 1/2). The diagnostic accuracy of @entity2 -OCT for @entity1 detection based on the optical properties,    @entity4 , SES and z 1/2 was high (95.6, 82.2 and 88.9  %, respectively). High negative predictive values could be found for these optical properties (96.7, 89.3 and 96.3  %, respectively) compared to morphologic assessment alone (89.9  %), reducing the risk of mistreating a malignant lesion to a more acceptable level (3.3  % instead of 11.1  %). @entity2 -OCT seems to enable the combination of in vivo morphological analysis of cellular and 3-D micro-architectural structures with in vivo analysis of optical properties of tissue scatterers in @entity0 . In vivo @entity2 -OCT analysis of optical properties permits @entity1 diagnosis with higher accuracy than in vivo @entity2 -OCT analysis of morphology alone.

title: In vivo assessment of optical properties of melanocytic skin lesions and differentiation of XXXX from non-malignant lesions by high-definition optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity1