abstract: BACKGROUND: The utility of ghrelin as a biomarker may be different depending on gender. The aim of this study was to assess ghrelin levels in a population-based sample of adolescents, and to evaluate their association with @entity1 and @entity1 -related parameters depending on sex. METHODS: The studied population included 601 randomly selected 14-to 16-year-old @entity0 . Anthropometrical data were measured and body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio calculated. Body composition was assessed using an impedance body composition analyzer. Total serum ghrelin levels were determined using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Serum leptin and @entity2 levels were determined by ELISA and insulin by RIA. RESULTS: Ghrelin levels were significantly higher in @entity0 than in boys. Serum ghrelin concentrations were significantly lower (p<0.01) in @entity1 than in normal weight (NW) @entity0 , but showed no differences by weight category in @entity0 . Ghrelin showed a significant negative relationship with waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio and fat mass (p<0.05) in both genders, and with weight and BMI (p<0.01) in @entity0 , and insulin (p<0.01) and HOMA (p<0.05) in @entity0 . Ghrelin also correlated negatively with leptin levels in @entity0 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study describes serum ghrelin levels in adolescents, showing a sexual dimorphism in ghrelin levels in these 14-to 16-year-old @entity0 , and a different association of ghrelin levels with @entity1 by gender that suggests a different appetite and energy expenditure control depending on sex at this age.

title: Sex-related differences in the association of ghrelin levels with XXXX in adolescents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular profile of @entity3 multiforme (GBM) revealed 4 subtypes, 2 of which, proneural and mesenchymal, have been predominantly observed, with the latter displaying a more @entity2 phenotype and increased therapeutic resistance. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that multiple subtypes actually reside within the same @entity1 , suggesting cellular heterogeneity in GBM. Further, plasticity between these 2 subtypes is observed during @entity1 recurrence and in response to radiation therapy. METHODS: @entity0 -derived GBM stemlike cells were cultured as neurospheres. These cells were differentiated in serum by attaching to the culture dishes. The "floating" cells that were not attached/differentiated were harvested from the conditioned medium. The characteristics of these cells were studied with limiting dilution assays and immunofluorescence staining. Cell growth and nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkB) activation were monitored using bioluminescent assays as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. In vivo tumorigenesis was evaluated in orthotopic xenograft models using bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS: @entity0 -derived GBM stemlike cells undergo differentiation by attaching to the culture dish in serum-containing medium. We observed that a small subset of these cells escape this adhesion/differentiation and grow as floating cells. These cells displayed enhanced @entity1 stem cell properties with a molecular and phenotypic mesenchymal signature, including resistance to radiation and targeted therapies, a more @entity2 @entity1 formation, and NFkB activation. CONCLUSION: Our results endorse inherent intratumor molecular subtype heterogeneity in @entity3 and provide a valuable approach to study phenotypic plasticity, which could be applied to find novel therapeutic strategies to eradicate this @entity2 @entity1 and can be extended to other @entity1 types.

title: Dissecting inherent intratumor heterogeneity in @entity0 -derived XXXX culture models.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vesicular transporter proteins are an essential component of the presynaptic machinery that regulates neurotransmitter storage and release. They also provide a key point of control for homeostatic signaling pathways that maintain balanced excitation and inhibition following changes in activity levels, including the onset of sensory experience. To advance understanding of their roles in the developing auditory forebrain, we tracked the expression of the vesicular transporters of @entity2 ( @entity6 , @entity8 ) and @entity1 ( @entity7 ) in primary auditory cortex (A1) and medial geniculate body (MGB) of developing @entity0 (P7, @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity4 , adult) before and after ear canal opening (~ @entity5 -P13). RNA sequencing, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were combined to track changes in transporter expression and document regional patterns of transcript and protein localization. Overall, vesicular transporter expression changed the most between P7 and @entity4 . The expression patterns and maturational trajectories of each marker varied by brain region, cortical layer, and MGB subdivision. @entity6 expression was highest in A1, moderate in MGB, and increased with age in both regions. @entity8 mRNA levels were low in A1 at all ages, but high in MGB, where adult levels were reached by @entity3 . @entity8 immunoreactivity was prominent in both regions. @entity6 (+) and @entity8 (+) transcripts were co-expressed in MGB and A1 somata, but co-localization of immunoreactive puncta was not detected. In A1, @entity7 mRNA levels were relatively stable from P7 to adult, while immunoreactivity increased steadily. @entity7 (+) transcripts were rare in MGB neurons, whereas @entity7 immunoreactivity was robust at all ages. Morphological changes in immunoreactive puncta were found in two regions after ear canal opening. In the ventral MGB, a decrease in @entity8 puncta density was accompanied by an increase in puncta size. In A1, perisomatic @entity7 and @entity6 terminals became prominent around the neuronal somata. Overall, the observed changes in gene and protein expression, regional architecture, and morphology relate to-and to some extent may enable-the emergence of mature sound-evoked activity patterns. In that regard, the findings of this study expand our understanding of the presynaptic mechanisms that regulate critical period formation associated with experience-dependent refinement of sound processing in auditory forebrain circuits.

title: Differential maturation of vesicular @entity2 and @entity1 transporter expression in the XXXX auditory forebrain during the first weeks of hearing.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Importance: The fact that individuals with @entity6 have high @entity3 and mortality is well established. However, risk status and moderators or mediators in the earliest stages of illness are less clear. Objective: To assess cardiometabolic risk in first-episode @entity6 spectrum disorders (FES) and its relationship to illness duration, antipsychotic treatment duration and type, sex, and race/ethnicity. Design, Setting, and @entity0 : Baseline results of the Recovery After an Initial @entity6 Episode (RAISE) study, collected between July 22, 2010, and July 5, 2012, from 34 community mental health facilities without major research, teaching, or clinical FES programs. @entity0 were aged 15 to 40 years, had research-confirmed diagnoses of FES, and had less than 6 months of lifetime antipsychotic treatment. Exposure: Prebaseline antipsychotic treatment was based on the community clinician's and/or @entity0 's decision. Main Outcomes and Measures: Body composition and fasting lipid, @entity8 , and insulin parameters. Results: In 394 of 404 @entity0 with cardiometabolic data (mean [SD] age, 23.6 [5.0] years; mean [SD] lifetime antipsychotic treatment, 47.3 [46.1] days), 48.3% were @entity2 or overweight, 50.8% smoked, 56.5% had @entity13 , 39.9% had @entity11 , 10.0% had @entity4 , and 13.2% had @entity7 . @entity14 ( @entity8 based, 4.0%; hemoglobin A1c based, 15.4%) and @entity1 ( @entity8 based, 3.0%; hemoglobin A1c based, 2.9%) were less frequent. Total @entity5 duration correlated significantly with higher body mass index, fat mass, fat percentage, and waist circumference (all P   <   .01) but not elevated metabolic parameters (except @entity12 to HDL-C ratio [P   =   .04]). Conversely, antipsychotic treatment duration correlated significantly with higher non-HDL-C, @entity12 , and @entity12 to HDL-C ratio and lower HDL-C and systolic blood pressure (all P    <=   .01). In multivariable analyses, @entity9 was significantly associated with higher @entity12 , insulin, and insulin resistance, whereas @entity10 was associated with significantly higher @entity12 to HDL-C ratio (all P    <=   .02). Conclusions and Relevance: In @entity0 with FES, cardiometabolic risk factors and abnormalities are present early in the illness and likely related to the underlying illness, unhealthy lifestyle, and antipsychotic medications, which interact with each other. Prevention of and early interventions for @entity5 and treatment with lower-risk agents, routine antipsychotic adverse effect monitoring, and smoking cessation interventions are needed from the earliest illness phases.

title: Cardiometabolic Risk in XXXX With First-Episode @entity6 Spectrum Disorders: Baseline Results From the RAISE-ETP Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Six distinct genes have been identified as belonging to the type IV collagen gene family. They can be organized into three sets, i.e., @entity4 / @entity6 , @entity8 / @entity7 , and @entity3 / @entity10 , which are localized on three different chromosomes in @entity0 , 13, 2, and X, respectively. Within each set the genes are aligned head-to-head and their expression is regulated by bidirectional promoters between the genes. Transcriptional regulation of the @entity4 / @entity6 set has been well characterized. The transcription of @entity10 seems to be controlled by two alternative promoters. While collagen IV molecules composed of @entity5 chains are broadly distributed, molecules comprising combinations of the other four chains, alpha3-alpha6, are important components of specialized basement membranes. The precise chain composition of triple-helical molecules assembled from the alpha3-alpha6 chains is not entirely clear, but it is hypothesized that alpha3-alpha5 chains and alpha5 and alpha6 chains form heterotrimeric molecules. Several pieces of evidence indicate that alpha3/alpha4/alpha5 molecules and alpha5/alpha6 molecules are components of the basement membrane network. This helps explain the observation that the kidney and skin basement membranes from @entity0 with @entity2 caused by mutations in the alpha5 coding gene, @entity3 , are defective in the alpha3, @entity1 chains together with the alpha5 chain. Large deletions involving the @entity3 and @entity10 genes have been found in rare cases of @entity9 associated with @entity2 .

title: Organization and expression of basement membrane collagen IV genes and their roles in XXXX disorders.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We performed a phenotype study of 35 individuals (19 males, 16 females) with @entity4 chromosome 22 or r(22) with a mean age of 10 years. In common with other studies, a phenotype of moderate-to-profound @entity5 and delay or absence of speech affected all individuals with the exception of the case with the smallest deletion. Autistic traits were significantly associated with r(22), as shown by an @entity3 screening questionnaire. Mild and variable @entity1 , predominantly craniofacial and distal limb, were observed. Internal organ involvement was uncommon. Even though @entity4 chromosomes are reportedly associated with growth abnormalities, only 2 out of 24 individuals showed evidence of @entity2 , while 2 showed accelerated growth. Chromosome 22 long arm deletions, as determined by hemizygosity for informative microsatellite markers, varied from <67 kb to 10.2 Mb in size (or <0.15 to 21% of total chromosome length), with no significant differences in the parental origin of the @entity4 chromosome. Few phenotypic features correlated with deletion size suggesting a critical gene, or genes, of major effect lies close to the telomere. Loss of the @entity6 / @entity6 gene has been proposed to be responsible for the main @entity0 observed in 22q13 monosomies. This study supports this candidate gene by identifying a phenotypically normal r(22) individual whose @entity4 chromosome does not disrupt @entity6 . All other r(22) individuals were hemizygous for @entity6 , and we propose it to be a candidate gene for @entity3 or abnormal brain development.

title: Molecular and phenotypic characterization of XXXX chromosome 22.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 has long been recognized as a co-morbidity or sequel to @entity2 . This study was conducted to evaluate the degree and selectivity of involvement of memory, language and executive functions performance among @entity0 with temporal (TLE) versus @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We prospectively enrolled adolescent and adult @entity0 with medically refractory focal @entity2 , who had undergone pre-surgical evaluation. Language, memory and executive function assessment was done using Western Aphasia Battery, PGI memory scale and battery of four executive function tests (trail making test A _ B, digit symbol test, Stroop Task and verbal fluency test), respectively. RESULTS: Among102 @entity0 enrolled (TLE-59, @entity2 -43), mean age of @entity0 23.04  8.3 years, 83 (82%) had impairment of more than one cognitive domain and 21 (21%) had all three domains involved. Severely impaired memory scores were found in 8.6% @entity0 with MTLE-HS, 8% of the rest of the @entity0 with TLE and 7% @entity0 with @entity2 . The differences in the mean scores were also not found statistically significant (p=0.669). Naming impairment was the most common language abnormality, although all @entity3 subscores were similar for the @entity2 and TLE groups. Executive function impairment was the most common cognitive domain affected. Overall performance on executive function tests was found impaired in almost all @entity0 of both groups without any significant inter-group difference, except on Trail-A test, which revealed better results in @entity0 with mTLE-HS as compared to all other sub-groups. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that @entity4 , language and executive function is common among @entity0 with drug @entity2 . The most @entity1 is in executive function. There is no significant difference in the degree, prevalence or selectivity of impairment in either of the three domains, between the TLE versus @entity2 groups.

title: Memory, executive function and language function are similarly impaired in both temporal and extra temporal XXXX -A prospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 (GPI)-specific phospholipases are highly valuable for studying the structure and function of GPIs. GPI-specific phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) from @entity2 and @entity3 -specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from @entity5 are the most widely studied of this class of phospholipases C. Inhibition of protein activity by @entity1 reagents is indicative of the participation of @entity0 residues in biochemical events. The @entity1 reagent @entity7 ( @entity7 ) inhibits @entity2 GPI-PLC, which has eight @entity0 residues. Surprisingly, we found that the activity of @entity5 PI-PLC is also blocked by pCMPS, although the protein does not contain @entity0 residues. Inhibition of @entity5 PI-PLC was reversed when pCMPS was size-separated from a preformed pCMPS.PI-PLC complex. In contrast, no activity was recovered when @entity2 GPI-PLC was subjected to a similar protocol. Equimolar @entity6 (beta-ME) reversed the inhibition of PI-PLC activity in a pCMPS.PI-PLC complex. For @entity2 GPI-PLC, however, ultrafiltration of the pCMPS.GI-PLC complex and addition of a large excess of beta-ME was necessary for partial recovery of enzyme activity. Thus @entity2 GPI-PLC is susceptible to inactivation by covalent modification with pCMPS, whereas PI-PLC is not. Kinetic analysis indicated that pCMPS was a competitive inhibitor of PI-PLC when a GPI was a substrate. Curiously, with @entity3 as substrate, inhibition was no longer competitive. These data suggest that pCMPS is a glyco-mimetic that occupies the glycan binding site of PI-PLC, from where, depending on the substrate, it inhibits catalysis allosterically or competitively.

title: @entity0 -less @entity4 -specific phospholipase C is inhibited competitively by a XXXX reagent: evidence for glyco-mimicry by @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) incidence is difficult to determine, mainly because both early and other lesions may go unrecognized and unregistered. Few studies have included systematic pathology review to maximize case identification and decide more accurately @entity1 frequency after long-term post-transplantation follow-up. A retrospective population-based cohort study including all kidney transplant recipients at two Danish centres (1990-2011; population covered 3.1 million; 2175 transplantations in 1906 @entity0 ). Pathology reports were reviewed for all @entity0 biopsies to identify possible PTLDs. Candidate PTLDs underwent histopathological review and classification. Seventy @entity1 cases were identified in 2175 transplantations (3.2%). The incidence rate (IR) after first transplantation was 5.4 cases per 1000 @entity0 -years (95% CI: 4.0-7.3). Most PTLDs were monomorphic (58.5%), or early lesions (21.5%). Excluding early lesions and @entity0 <18 years, IR was 3.7 (95% CI: 2.9-5.5). Ten @entity0 with @entity1 were retransplanted, 2 developing further PTLDs. Post-transplant @entity0 survival was inferior in @entity0 with @entity1 , while death-censored graft survival was not. Using registry data together with extensive pathological review and long follow-up, a rather high incidence of @entity1 was found.

title: XXXX following kidney transplantation: a population-based cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: We investigated the anatomical localization, biomechanical properties, and molecular phenotype of myocardial collagen tissue in 40 @entity0 with severe @entity2 with preserved ejection fraction and symptoms of @entity3 . METHODS: Two transmural biopsies were taken from the left ventricular free wall. Mysial and nonmysial regions of the collagen network were analyzed. Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was measured by picrosirius red staining. Young's elastic modulus (YEM) was measured by atomic force microscopy in decellularized slices to assess stiffness. Collagen types I and III were measured as CIVF and CIIIVF, respectively, by confocal microscopy in areas with YEM evaluation. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity0 exhibited increased mysial and nonmysial CVF and nonmysial:mysial CVF ratio (P < .05). In @entity0 , nonmysial CVF (r = 0.330; P = .046) and the nonmysial:mysial CVF ratio (r = 0.419; P = .012) were directly correlated with the ratio of maximal early transmitral flow velocity in diastole to early mitral annulus velocity in diastole. Both the CIVF:CIIIVF ratio and YEM were increased (P <=  .001) in nonmysial regions compared with mysial regions in @entity0 , with a direct correlation (r = 0.895; P < .001) between them. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that, in @entity0 with severe @entity2 with preserved ejection fraction and symptoms of @entity3 , @entity1 is associated with increased nonmysial deposition of collagen, predominantly type I, resulting in increased extracellular matrix stiffness. Therefore, the characteristics of collagen tissue may contribute to @entity1 in these @entity0 .

title: Role of Myocardial Collagen in Severe @entity2 With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Symptoms of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to report the first case, to our knowledge, of @entity3 occurring 1 hour after @entity11 premedication in a @entity0 with previously undiagnosed @entity7 and @entity1 . METHODS: This is an interventional case report. The @entity0 underwent Snellen vision acuity measurement, anterior and posterior segment biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Optical coherence tomography, @entity5 angiography, and @entity10 angiography were also performed as needed. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator 100  g/0.1 mL and 0.3 mL pure SF6 gas were injected in the vitreous on presentation. Four days later, the @entity0 received 1.25 mg/0.1 mL of intravitreal bevacizumab. RESULTS: One day after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and gas injection, visual acuity rose to 20/60-2. A week later, visual acuity was unchanged, and the subretinal @entity3 displaced from the foveola. Optical coherence tomography showed a marked regression of submacular thickening. CONCLUSION: Despite strict time correlation, the submacular @entity3 cannot be unequivocally attributed to @entity11 assumption because many other risk factors are to be considered: the Valsalva maneuver above all. Nonetheless, a suspicion should be raised, at least as a cofactor, given the drug mechanism of action and the report of @entity2 bleeding in the literature, including cerebral @entity4 and @entity6 . Caution should be exercised in the prescription of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors to @entity0 with known @entity2 including retinal and @entity9 : @entity7 , classic and occult neovascularization of any origin, and also, possibly, @entity8 .

title: Intracoital @entity3 after XXXX (cialis) premedication: a case report.

answer: @entity11


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The limited pelvic lymphadenectomy (LPL) is currently considered the referred method of identification of nodal micrometastases in localized @entity2 . Lymphoscintigraphy (LS) and radioguided sentinel node biopsy (RSNB) could be an alternative method of nodal staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2003 and February 2007 19 @entity0 with @entity2 without @entity1 were included in the study. Mean age was 66 years, mean PSA 15.51 ng/ml, Gleason score > 6. A transrectal ultrasound was performed with intraprostatic administration of 0.2 ml/190 MBq 99 mTc bound to nanocolloid particles, prepared the day before surgery. Dynamic and static scans of the pelvis were obtained at 30', 60' and 120' after injection. Hot spots outside the site of administration were considered as sentinel nodes (SLNs). Prior to prostatectomy, LPL was performed. The presence of a labeled node after LPL, identified by a gamma probe slided slowly down the chain of lymphatic drainage, was indication for an LPE. RESULTS: A sentinel node was identified in 17/19 @entity0 with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (identification rate 89%) and in 16/19 @entity0 during surgery (84%) with a negative predictive value of 97%. The most frequent site was identified at the level of hypogastric lymph nodes (56%), outside the standard of limited pelvic lymphadenectomy, followed by external iliac (33%), obturator (7%) and common iliac (4%) lymph nodes. Lymph node @entity1 were detected by histological examination in 2 @entity0 (13%); total metastatic nodes found were 9: one in the first, and 8 in the second @entity0 . Two metastatic nodes (22%) not removed by the limited pelvic lymphadenectomy were found with the sentinel lymph node dissection. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound approach for lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node identification, is a valuable tool in the staging of localized @entity2 .

title: Transrectal ultrasound approach for identification and radioguided biopsy of sentinel node in lymph node staging of localized XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1118 Background: Achievement of pathologic complete response (pCR) to preoperative therapy is a predictor of improved disease-free and overall survival. Sequential and concurrent regimens of D and C were evaluated in @entity1 with @entity8 -negative @entity0 who were candidates for preoperative chemotherapy. METHODS: @entity1 with Stage I (>1.0 cm), II or III, Her-negative @entity0 from Georgia-based oncology network were randomized between Arm A: sequential therapy with D 100 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by C 1000 mg/m(2) PO BID on days 1-14 of 3 week cycle for 4 cycles; Arm B: concurrent therapy with with D 50 mg/m(2) on day 1 and C 1000 mg/m(2) PO BID on days 1-7 of 2 week cycle for 8 cycles. Primary endpoint was pCR rate; secondary endpoints included response rate and @entity6 . RESULTS: 51 @entity1 were accrued (4/2007-7/2009), Arm A (n=25) Arm B (n=26) and are evaluable for primary endpoint. @entity1 were accrued at academic center (45%), county hospital (33%), and community sites (22%). Median age was 50.3 years. Median @entity2 size was 6.1 cm. 35 of 51 (68.6%) were clinically node-positive at study entry. 57% of @entity1 were African American, 35% Caucasian, and 8% other. 30 of 51 (58.8%) of @entity1 had ER and/or PR-positive @entity2 ; 21 of 51 (41.2%) had ER/PR-negative @entity2 (triple negative). Treatment was well-tolerated with expected grade 3-4 @entity6 : @entity7 15.7%; @entity9 5.9%; @entity3 3.9%. On Arm A, clinical complete response (CR) rate was 32%. Partial response (PR) rate was 28%. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) rate was 12 %. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) rate was 28%. On Arm B, clinical CR rate was 46.2%. PR rate was 42.3%. @entity4 rate was 3.8%. @entity5 rate was 7.7%. pCR rate was 8% for Arm A and 11.5% for Arm B. Among triple negative @entity0 subjects, pCR rate was 19%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first clinical trial to accrue @entity1 through a Georgia-based oncology trial network and more than half of enrolled @entity1 were African American. The final results from this phase II trial of D and C show that both regimens were well-tolerated and had modest clinical activity, with greater activity in the concurrent therapy arm and among triple negative @entity1 .

title: Final results from randomized phase II trial of preoperative docetaxel (D) and capecitabine (C) given sequentially or concurrently for @entity8 -negative XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The outcome for a wide variety of diseases and treatment methods varies by gender. In an effort to determine whether gender has a role in the outcome of @entity2 repair, we analyzed data from consecutive @entity0 treated at a single institution over 6 years. METHODS: Over 6 years ending in March 2002, 704 @entity0 underwent endovascular repair of an @entity3 at The Cleveland Clinic. Six hundred six @entity0 (86.1%) were @entity0 and 98 @entity0 (13.9%) were @entity0 . Preprocedure and postprocedure imaging studies were evaluated to determine the frequency of @entity1 sac shrinkage or growth, defined as diameter change equal to or greater than 5 mm. Presence and type of endoleak was assessed with non-contrast material-enhanced, post-contrast-enhanced, and delayed post-contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans. These and other clinical variables were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox-Mantel log-rank test, and values were expressed as mean +/- SE. RESULTS: Male and female @entity0 were comparable with respect to baseline comorbid conditions. @entity0 , however, were slightly older (76.7 +/- 0.7 years vs 74.4 +/- 0.3 years; P =.009), and had slightly smaller @entity1 (5.2 +/- 0.1 cm vs 5.4 +/- 0.04 cm; P =.033). There were no gender-specific differences in perioperative mortality ( @entity0 , 1.3%; @entity0 , 3.1%; P =.197) or mid-term (24 months) survival ( @entity0 , 80% +/- 2.6%; @entity0 , 78% +/- 8.1%). Similarly, there were no differences at 24 months in risk for graft migration (7.5% +/- 2.0% vs 5.4% +/- 3.2%), need for secondary remedial procedures (24% +/- 2.9% vs 21% +/- 6.3%), conversion to open surgery (3.9% +/- 1.5% vs 3.8% +/-2.7%), or post-repair @entity4 (1.1% +/- 0.9% vs 2.2% +/-2.2%) in male and female @entity0 , respectively. In contrast, risk for graft limb occlusion at 24 months was significantly higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 (11% +/- 5.2% vs 3.3% +/- 1.1%; P =.022). While frequency of endoleak of any type did not differ among male and female @entity0 , @entity1 sac shrinkage at 24 months was more rapid in @entity0 (76% +/- 8.1% vs 57% +/- 3.5%; P =.019). CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of slightly older age and somewhat smaller @entity1 , female @entity0 are similar to male @entity0 undergoing @entity1 repair. A greater frequency of graft limb occlusion was observed in female @entity0 , but no statistically significant differences were detected in survival, rupture risk, or need for secondary procedures. Moreover, a more rapid rate of @entity1 sac shrinkage was detected in @entity0 . These observations suggest that @entity1 repair should be offered to suitable candidates irrespective of gender.

title: XXXX repair: gender-specific results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 endometrium expresses specific kappa-opioid binding sites and their endogenous ligands, the dynorphins. In neural crest-derived tissues, kappa-opioids affect apoptosis, a phenomenon of major significance in endometrial stroma physiology. Our hypothesis was that endometrial kappa-opioids may play a role in endometrial stromal cell apoptosis. Thus, we examined the effect of the synthetic kappa-opioid agonist, @entity7 , on the apoptotic rate of @entity0 endometrial stromal cells in primary culture. Apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells was elevated after 3 h exposure to 100 nmol/l @entity7 , and remained elevated for up to 3 days. This effect was dose-dependent and was reversed by the general opioid antagonist, @entity5 , suggesting that it is mediated via opioid receptors. In parallel, semi-quantitative Western blot and flow cytometry analysis showed that @entity7 caused a rapid but transient up-regulation of Fas protein, suggesting that its effect on apoptosis is mediated by activation of the Fas/ @entity1 apoptotic pathway. Additionally, @entity7 increased the content of the anti-apoptotic members of the @entity2 family of proteins, the @entity2 and @entity6 , whereas it had no significant effect on the apoptosis-promoting homologues @entity3 , @entity6 (S) and Bak. This implies that a transient survival mechanism is activated in stromal cells as a parallel rescue response to the apoptosis-inducing factor. In conclusion, our data suggest that endometrial opioid dynorphins may participate in the apoptotic processes related to @entity4 during early pregnancy or menstruation.

title: The Fas/ XXXX apoptotic pathway is involved in kappa-opioid-induced apoptosis of @entity0 endometrial stromal cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 produces parasporal insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) that have larvicidal activity against some members of the order Diptera, such as blackflies and mosquitoes. Hydrolysis of the ICPs in the larval gut results in four major proteins with a molecular mass of 27, 65, 128, and 135 kDa. @entity0 is caused by synergistic interaction between the 25-kDa protein (proteolytic product of the 27-kDa protein) and one or more of the higher-molecular-mass proteins. Equilibrium adsorption of the proteins on the clay minerals @entity5 and @entity4 , which are homoionic to various cations, was rapid (<30 min for maximal adsorption), increased with protein concentration and then reached a plateau (68 to 96% of the proteins was adsorbed), was significantly lower on @entity4 than on @entity5 , and was not significantly affected by the valence of the cation to which the clays were homoionic. Binding of the toxins decreased as the pH was increased from 6 to 11, and there was 35 to 66% more binding in @entity1 buffer at pH 6 than in distilled water at pH 6 or 7.2. Only 2 to 12% of the adsorbed proteins was desorbed by two washes with water; additional washings desorbed no more toxins, indicating that they were tightly bound. Formation of clay-toxin complexes did not alter the structure of the proteins, as indicated by @entity3 - @entity2 gel electrophoresis of the equilibrium supernatants and desorption washes and by dot blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the complexes, which was confirmed by enhanced chemiluminescence Western blot analysis. Free and clay-bound toxins resulted in 85 to 100% mortality of the mosquito @entity6 . Persistence of the bound toxins in nonsterile water after 45 days was significantly greater (mortality of 63% +/- 12.7%) than that of the free toxins (mortality of 25% +/- 12.5%).

title: Activity of free and clay-bound insecticidal proteins from XXXX against the mosquito @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 90-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of abdominal distension and pretibial @entity3 . No @entity4 were palpable in either breast. Her abdomen was distended and palpitation was noticed. Laboratory examination revealed @entity9 and elevated levels of @entity4 markers(PIVKA- II , CEA, CA19-9, SCC). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT) showed @entity8 and @entity6 , an approximately 17-mm high-contrast mass in the D area of the left breast, and osteolysis of the dorsal lumber spine. We initiated treatment for @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 . However, on her 11th day in the hospital, hematemesis was observed and the @entity1 died. We suspected @entity2 of a @entity4 , but a @entity5 had not been identified; therefore, an autopsy was performed. Autopsy showed a 17-mm mass in the D area of the left breast. Histopathological examination showed the growth of a signet-ring cell @entity4 that was immunohistochemically ER-positive, @entity11 -positive, and @entity10 -negative. The @entity1 was diagnosed with primary @entity0 derived from @entity7 . We reported a rare case of primary @entity0 with a review of literature.

title: [An Autopsy Case of an Elderly @entity1 with Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Breast Derived from XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Serum @entity1 markers were investigated as prognostic factors for recurrence in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODOLOGY: Preoperative serum levels of @entity3 , CA72-4, CA19-9, TPA and @entity4 were sampled in 196 @entity0 with @entity2 undergoing curative surgery. The results were compared with the clinical recurrence and various clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: CA72-4, @entity3 , CA19-9, TPA and @entity4 had sensitivities of 16.4%, 31.4%, 16.1%, 31.6%, and 6%, respectively. Sensitivity of two combinations was as high as 56.5%. Seventy-seven @entity0 (39.9%) had clinical recurrence in the follow-up periods. For those with preoperatively elevated serum @entity1 markers, 38% (12/32) had CA72-4, 42% (13/31) had CA19-9, 48% (29/60) and had @entity3 , 54% (6/11) had @entity4 , and 62% (37/61) had TPA, and remained disease-free. Univariate analysis showed that TNM staging, Tumor size, Borrmann classification of @entity1 growth, and preoperative serum CA72-4 level were correlated with recurrence of disease. Multivariate analysis showed that independent prognostic factor of recurrence was TNM staging (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative serum CA72-4 level is correlated with @entity1 , but is not an independent predictor for clinical recurrence of disease in @entity0 with @entity2 that undergo surgery.

title: Comparison of serum CA72-4, @entity3 , TPA, CA19-9 and XXXX levels in @entity2 @entity0 and correlation with recurrence.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Giant pediatric @entity1 (GPIT) remains to be a challenging disease with high morbidity and mortality. METHODS: The clinical data of 60 @entity0 under 18  years of age operated on with GPIT (>= 5  cm in diameter) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Gross total resection was achieved in 46 cases (77%) and subtotal resection was obtained in 14 cases (23%). Ninety percent (47/52) of the cases with obstructive @entity9 were resolved remarkably and only 10% (5/52) of the @entity0 needed a ventriculoperitoneal shunt after @entity1 resection. Postoperative histopathological type revealed @entity10 in 51 cases (85%). The most common @entity1 was @entity13 ; other types include the following: @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity17 ( @entity17 ), @entity7 , @entity16 , @entity14 , @entity18 , and @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Benign histopathological categories include the following: @entity8 , @entity12 , and @entity11 . No @entity4 or serious complications occurred after the operation. However, transient subcutaneous effusion occurred in 14 @entity0 postoperatively, @entity3 including the posterior cranial nerve in two cases and abduction nerve in one case, and mutism and @entity5 were observed in two cases, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 72  months, with an average of 32  months. Poor prognosis occurred significantly in the high-grade @entity1 and @entity17 , @entity15 , and @entity14 were implicated in the @entity4 of @entity0 within 1  year. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first description of clinicopathological features and the largest case analysis for GPIT. Optimal outcomes for GPIT were achieved by strict evaluation and perioperative management as well as microsurgical skills.

title: Clinicopathological features and microsurgical outcomes for giant pediatric XXXX in 60 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In March 2008, Uruguay included PCV7 into the routine vaccination program, in a 2 + 1 schedule for @entity0 <2 years of age. Catch-up immunization was offered to @entity0 born in 2007. Greater than 95% of @entity0 received their first and second doses. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of this strategy. METHODS: Annual hospitalization rates (per 10,000 discharges) for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 <14 years of age and @entity2 are described prior to PCV7 vaccination (2005-2007), during the year of implementation (2008) and following vaccine introduction (2009). Data regarding age, diagnosis, vaccination status, and pneumococcal serotype were obtained from Hospital Pereira Rossell databases and vaccination records. RESULTS: Comparison of hospitalization rates for @entity1 and pneumococcal- @entity1 (P- @entity1 ) between prevaccine years (2005-2007) and the year after vaccination (2009) decreased significantly in all @entity0 by 56% and 48.2%, respectively. Significant reduction was observed for vaccine serotype P- @entity1 (serotype 14 P- @entity1 decreased from 26.6 to 2.5 per 10,000 discharges) in @entity0 <2 years of age. A significant reduction in @entity2 of 59% was seen in this age group; median rates prevaccination decreased from 17 (12.2-24.9) to 7 (3-11.8) after the administration of vaccine. No vaccine failures for P- @entity1 or @entity2 were seen in fully immunized @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: One year after PCV7 introduction into the routine vaccination schedule of Uruguay, there was a rapid and significant @entity1 , and @entity2 in @entity0 <2 years of age.

title: Impact of universal pneumococcal vaccination on hospitalizations for pneumonia and meningitis in XXXX in Montevideo, Uruguay.

answer: @entity0


abstract: THE AIM OF THE WORK: was to present clinical material referring to rarely occurring abdominal cavity @entity4 in semilunar line - @entity4 diagnosed with the help of ultrasound. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the period from 1995 to 2001 785 anterior abdominal wall @entity4 were diagnosed including 11 @entity4 (1.4%) diagnosed in 10 @entity0 (7 @entity0 and 3 @entity0 ) aged from 38 to 65 years old (average age 48). Eight @entity0 complained of @entity3 in abdomen, in 5 of them it was accompanied by bloating and sometimes loud peristalsis. All the @entity0 had been observing the mentioned symptoms from 2 to 5 years. Each of them had had colonoscopy and abdominal cavity ultrasound examination performed, some of them even three times. In 3 @entity0 with uterine fibroid the uterus was removed which did not eliminate the symptoms. The ultrasound examination of the abdominal integument was performed mainly with the use of linear transducers of the frequency of 7-12 MHz; in @entity1 @entity0 also convex transducers were used (3,5-6 MHz). Each examination of abdominal integument included the assessment of the following areas: linea alba from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis including umbilicus, both semilunar lines from costal margins to pubic bones, and also inguinal areas. Moreover, all types of @entity2 were examined. Each @entity4 was assessed in terms of size (the greatest dimension), @entity4 sac contents, width of the ring and reducibility under the compression of the transducer. Moreover, cough test and Valsalva's maneuver were performed. Generally, the examination was performed in a standing position. RESULTS: In 9 @entity0 @entity4 were localized unilaterally, in one @entity0 bilaterally. In 7 cases the @entity4 sac contained small bowel, in 2 cases the preperitoneal and omental fat, and in 2 cases preperitoneal fat only. Eight @entity0 presenting with clinical symptoms underwent operative repair. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound examination is beneficial in confirming the diagnosis of @entity4 especially in terms of proper, therapeutic decision-making.

title: Sonographic imaging of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pathogenic monoclonal anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies up-regulate the expression of @entity7 in glomerular mesangial cells. This study was undertaken to investigate whether polyclonal anti-dsDNA antibodies promote the local secretion of @entity7 in the kidneys of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and whether urinary @entity7 represents a marker of kidney involvement in @entity4 . METHODS: Hispanic, African American, and white @entity0 with @entity4 and normal healthy control subjects from affiliated hospitals of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine were recruited for this cross-sectional study. @entity0 were classified based on the presence of active @entity1 according to the @entity4 Activity Index (SLEDAI). Correlations of clinical and laboratory data with urinary and serum levels of @entity7 were assessed. RESULTS: Among @entity4 @entity0 , urinary @entity7 levels were significantly higher in those with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (median 17.1 ng/mg @entity3 , interquartile range [IQR] 10.3-45.4; n = 32) than in those without @entity6 (median 11.2 ng/mg @entity3 , IQR 3.1-20.3; n = 38) (P = 0.023). Compared with the values in normal controls (median 4 ng/ml, IQR 0-11.1; n = 14), urinary levels of @entity7 in @entity4 @entity0 were significantly higher (non-normalized median 19.3 ng/ml, IQR 8-34.2) (P = 0.004). The presence of @entity7 in the urine of @entity0 with @entity6 correlated significantly with the renal SLEDAI score (r = 0.452, P = 0.009), but not with extrarenal disease activity. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of @entity6 in @entity4 @entity0 and the prognostic significance of @entity1 support the need for identifying early biomarkers to assess the risk of @entity5 development and for following up @entity0 with @entity2 . These findings indicate that urinary @entity7 is a potential marker of the presence and severity of @entity1 in adult @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Urinary XXXX is associated with @entity1 activity in @entity0 @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity6 for electrical @entity2 during sleep (ESES) in @entity0 . METHOD: The clinical and EEG data of 82 @entity4 @entity0 with ESES, which included @entity4 with centro temporal spikes (BECT) variants, @entity4 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) , @entity7 ( @entity7 ) collected from department of pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital were analyzed from July 2007 to September 2012. During ESES period, all @entity0 received @entity6 treatment for three courses, which included @entity6 intravenous infusion for three days, followed by oral @entity3 for four days every time. After three courses, @entity3 [1-2 mg/(kg * d)] were taken by all @entity0 for 6 months. The ESES phenomenon and @entity5 were observed before and after treatment. The efficacy of corticosteroid on ESES suppression, @entity5 control of three @entity4 were analyzed. RESULT: Thirty-nine cases were male and 43 cases were female. The @entity4 syndromes included 49 @entity0 diagnosed as @entity4 with centrotemporal spike (BECT) variants, 27 @entity0 diagnosed as @entity4 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and 6 @entity0 diagnosed as @entity7 . Age of onset ranged from 1 year and 4 months to 11 years. The age of ESES newly monitored was from 2 years to 10 years and 8 months. The total effective rate of corticosteroid was 83% (68/82) for ESES, BECT variants was 82% (40/49), @entity1 was 81% (22/27), @entity7 was 100% (6/6). There was no statistically significant difference in effective rates between the front two (     = 0.09, P > 0.05). The @entity5 were improved in the first month after @entity6 treatment in 3 @entity4 syndromes. The recurrence rate of BECT variants was 47% (23/49) , @entity1 was 59% (16/27) , @entity7 was 50% (3/6) after 1 year follow up. There was no association between disease parameters, including age at @entity5 onset, duration of ESES and the treatment effect of ESES examined by Kruskal-Wallis method (     = 3.585, 0.932, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity6 was effective for improving ESES and @entity5 in 3 @entity4 syndromes combined with ESES. There was no significant correlation between age at @entity5 onset, duration of ESES and treatment effect of ESES.

title: [Efficacy of XXXX therapy for electrical @entity2 during sleep in @entity0 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors sought to elucidate the histogenesis of @entity3 by correlating @entity2 mutation with mucus type in normal epithelium, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 ( @entity1 ), 23 @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and specimens of 24 normal pancreata were studied. By histochemical staining, normal duct epithelia, areas of @entity4 , and @entity1 were classified as having sulfo-type or sialo-type mucus. Foci from normal, DC, SC, sulfo-type, or sialo-type specimens were assessed for @entity2 mutation at codon 12 by nested polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 9 were sulfo-type and 65 were sialo-type; all DC specimens were sialo-type, and all normal epithelia were sulfo-type. All foci of sulfo-type, nonneoplastic epithelia were negative for @entity2 mutation. In contrast, 124 of 313 sialo-type @entity4 foci (40%) had a @entity2 mutation. Of 74 @entity1 , only 3 of 9 sulfo-type @entity0 (33%) were positive for the mutation. Sixty of 65 sialo-type @entity1 (92%) had a @entity2 mutation, whereas 15 of 23 sialo-type @entity1 (65%) had a mutation. @entity2 mutant @entity1 (including both @entity1 and @entity1 ) were associated with @entity2 mutant @entity4 in 109 of 198 MCHs (55%), whereas @entity1 without a @entity2 mutation had mutations in 6 of 68 MCHs (9%). @entity4 in normal pancreata revealed @entity2 mutations in 9 of 51 foci (18%). In addition, in @entity2 mutant @entity1 , frequency of @entity2 mutation in @entity4 increased from 27% (11 of 41 foci) of nonpapillary MCHs to 62% (98 of 157 foci) of papillary MCHs; but in @entity2 wild-type @entity1 , the mutation rate in @entity4 was unchanged from 12% (3 of 26 foci) to 7% (3 of 42 foci) in nonpapillary and papillary foci, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a strong relationship between the risk of @entity5 and the presence of combinations of @entity2 gene mutation, papillary growth, and expression of sialomucin in foci of @entity4 .

title: Determination of XXXX histogenesis by analysis of mucous quality and @entity2 mutation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine course and treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in nonagenarians. Incidence of @entity6 increases with age. Due to the demographic change in the industrialized world, an increase of @entity6 in the group of elderly and very elderly is expected in the next decades. However, only few data exist on the clinical relevance of @entity6 in @entity0 aged 89  years or older. DESIGN: Observational, mono-centric registry. SETTING: University hospital. @entity0 : Of the 11,888 @entity0 included in the Berlin @entity6 (BAF) Registry, 279 @entity0 aged 89  years or older were identified. All @entity0 presented to our hospital with @entity6 between January 2001 and December  2014. MEASUREMENTS: @entity6 type, symptoms, comorbidities, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED, treatment strategy, and anticoagulant treatment were assessed at baseline. A composite of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity2 was the primary endpoint. @entity1 / @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity4 , presence of @entity6 , new onset of @entity5 and change of NYHA class, and @entity8 necessitating pacemaker implantation were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: @entity0 (age 92      2.7  years, range 89-108) presented in EHRA class I in 38.4% of the cases, class II in 49.5%, class III in 10%, and class IV in 2%. Rhythm control was attempted in 37 (13.3%) of the @entity0 . Baseline CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED were 5.0      1.3 and 3.1      0.9, respectively. @entity9 ( @entity9 ) was initiated in 74 (26.5 %) of the @entity0 . Of all @entity0 , 33 (11.8%) @entity0 died in hospital. Of the remaining @entity0 , 104 were followed over 13.8      17.5  months with 3.5      2.3 visits during follow-up. Rhythm control was attempted in 10 @entity0 (9.6%). @entity9 was initiated in 37 @entity0 (35.6 %). Fifty-nine (56.7%) @entity0 reached the primary composite endpoint. @entity1 / @entity3 (34.6%) and @entity5 (49%) were common. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in any of the endpoints between @entity0 undergoing rhythm versus rate control and between @entity0 under @entity9 compared with @entity0 without @entity9 . INR at follow-up and TTR were 1.76      1.0 and 29.5%      37.8% in @entity0 receiving VKA. CONCLUSION: In this real-world cohort of very elderly @entity0 with @entity6 , a rhythm control strategy and @entity9 treatment were chosen only in a minority of the cases. If @entity9 was initiated, most received VKAs with a poor TTR during follow-up. A high incidence of @entity1 / @entity3 was observed in @entity0 with and without @entity9 . Further data are needed to define optimal treatment of @entity6 in this particular @entity0 group.

title: Treatment of Nonagenarians With @entity6 : Insights From the Berlin XXXX (BAF) Registry.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term safety and efficacy of hyperopic @entity4 ( @entity3 -ALK) for correction of primary @entity1 and for consecutive @entity1 following overcorrected myopic refractive surgery. METHODS: A prospective study was done on 67 eyes of 50 consecutive @entity0 who underwent @entity3 -ALK between March 17, 1993, and August 18, 1995. Hyperopic @entity4 was performed for primary @entity1 in 25 eyes (group 1) and for consecutive @entity1 after myopic refractive surgery in 42 eyes (group 2, radial keratotomy, 41 eyes, and myopic @entity4 , 1 eye). The eyes were followed up for a mean+/-SD of 19.2+/-12.8 months (range, 3-49 months), 58 (87%) of them with 6 months' follow-up, and 45 (67%) of them with at least 1 year's follow-up. Twenty-one eyes were followed up for 2 to 4 years. RESULTS: The overall mean+/-SD preoperative spherical equivalent was +2.87+/-1.28 diopters (D). The mean+/-SD postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.03+/-1.42 D at 3 months, -0.42+/-2.25 D at 6 months, -0.55+/-3.00 D at 1 year, -1.58+/-1.53 D at 2 years, and -0.35+/-1.79 D at the last follow-up. A mean myopic shift of 0.50 D was noted between 3 months and 1 year, and of 1.00 D between 1 and 2 years. @entity1 was meaningfully reduced and visual acuity was improved by @entity3 -ALK, especially for @entity0 with primary @entity1 . Long-term refractive instability, however, is a serious problem with this procedure. In this series, 11 (26%) of 42 eyes in which @entity3 -ALK was performed for consecutive @entity1 developed @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Based on this study, the long-term instability of @entity3 -ALK and the high incidence of @entity2 following the procedure should discourage its use, especially for consecutive @entity1 following radial keratotomy.

title: Hyperopic XXXX : complications and visual results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report a rare case of @entity1 (SCC) of the cheek skin probably arising from @entity3 . An 80-year-old @entity0 was referred to our clinic because of a black skin nodule in the right cheek. The nodular lesion was 1 cm in diameter, dome-shaped, hard, sharply demarcated, partially erosive and telangiectatic at the border. The lesion was completely excised under the clinical diagnosis of probable @entity4 . Microscopically, cutaneous horn and mildly atypical squamous epithelia suggestive of previous @entity3 were present in the surface of the lesion. The lesion consisted of atypical squamous cells with keratinization and intercellular bridges, and it was regarded as SCC. The SCC cells were seen to invade lightly into the upper dermis, where lymphocytic infiltrations and melanophages were noted. Characteristically, heavy deposition of melanin pigment was recognized in the SCC cells as well as in proliferated dendritic and pigment blockade melanocytes that were scattered or colonized within the SCC cell nests. Masson-Fontana stain revealed numerous melanin granules in the SCC cells, as well as in dendritic and pigment blockade melanocytes. Immunohistochemically, the SCC cells were positive for cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen, and negative for @entity2 protein and HMB45 antigen. Dendritic and pigment blockade melanocytes were negative for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, and HMB45 antigen, but positive for @entity2 protein. The present case suggests that SCC cells of the skin may induce proliferation of melanocytes. The differential diagnosis and the histogenesis of pigmented SCC of the skin are discussed.

title: @entity1 of the cheek skin probably arising from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 (ECV), an agent which produces reversible @entity2 , was studied for its effects on cultured @entity1 pulmonary artery endothelial cell (BPAE) and @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVE) monolayers. Endothelial cell monolayers 6 days post-confluent were treated with 1 mg/ml ECV for time intervals of from 5 minutes to 15 hours. ECV treatment caused a mild endothelial cell retraction evident at 10 minutes which increased in severity with increasing duration of exposure to ECV. Retraction of endothelial cells resulted in the formation of irregularly delineated gaps between cells, which remained attached to one another by slender filamentous processes. Despite the severity of the endothelial cell lesion, no cell lysis or cell detachment from the substratum occurred. Furthermore, removal of ECV from cell cultures resulted in the reversal of the endothelial cell lesion. Cytochemical distribution of actin microfilaments in control monolayers localized to a dense peripheral band of actin filaments and to a set of interconnected central microfilaments oriented in general parallel to the long axis of the cell. Endothelial cells treated with ECV for as little as 10 minutes showed a loss of F-actin from the dense peripheral band of microfilaments progressing until the dense peripheral band was entirely lost after 4 hours' exposure to ECV. By 4 hours central microfilaments had reorganized into a prominent series of microfilament bundles aligned parallel to each other and to the long axis of the cell. For investigation of a possible loss of attachment sites of actin filaments as the basis for the lesion, the localization of @entity3 was examined in control and ECV-treated BPAE monolayers. After 2 hours' exposure to ECV, @entity3 localization within monolayers was affected little, if at all. No effects of ECV on intermediate filaments were observed either. It is proposed that the dense peripheral band of actin bundles is important in maintaining well-spread endothelial cells in monolayers and that ECV acts to destroy the integrity of this structure. It is further proposed that a reaction of endothelial cells to ECV in vivo analogous to that seen in tissue culture accounts for the production of @entity2 by creating gaps between cells.

title: The effect of XXXX on cultured endothelial cells. A model for the study of the mechanism of increased vascular permeability.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign strongly recommends that intravenous antibiotic therapy should be started as early as possible, ideally within the first hour of recognition of severe @entity2 or @entity3 . There is ample evidence that failure to initiate early antimicrobial treatment correlates with increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to review the recent literature regarding optimal initial antimicrobial treatment in @entity0 with severe @entity2 and @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was performed. RESULTS: The most frequently quoted papers claiming the overriding prognostic importance of early administered antibiotics are retrospective data analyses. However, an equivalent number of studies report that a group of septic @entity0 do not benefit from early administration of antibiotics, but can also be harmed. In these @entity0 , watchful waiting with administration of a targeted antibiotic can be used, thus, avoiding the possible collateral damage from excessive treatment with antibiotics. Treatment with monotherapy is adequate in most cases. CONCLUSION: The administration of antibiotics based on the local epidemiology should be initiated quickly in critically ill @entity0 with severe @entity2 and @entity3 . In @entity0 who are not in @entity3 , treatment can be withheld, while awaiting further studies or clinical assessment to confirm the suspicion of @entity1 .

title: [First-line anti-infective treatment in XXXX .]

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The application of basket catheters has become the main method of removing calculi from the biliary and pancreatic duct. However, larger or impacted stones have to be crushed and fragmented by mechanical lithotriptors before removal is possible. Sometimes, @entity1 of the traction wire occurs as a severe and fraught complication. We describe a precautionary measure which helps to manage this complication. @entity0 AND METHODS: In a series of 569 consecutive @entity0 suffering from bile or pancreatic duct stones we found 60 (10.5%) who required mechanical lithotripsy for oversized or impacted calculi. Mechanical lithotripsy was always performed initially with a long metal sheath (80 cm) in combination with a standard traction wire. If the traction wire fractured we replaced the long metal sheath stepwise by shorter ones (70cm, 60cm and 50 cm, respectively), allowing immediate continuation of the lithotriptic procedure using the same traction wire. RESULTS: During the lithotriptic procedure three of our @entity0 (5%) were afflicted by traction wire @entity1 . Two @entity0 could be relieved directly by changing the initial metal sheath to shorter ones. Because of the exceptional hardness of a @entity2 the third @entity0 needed stone fragmentation by extracorporeal shock wave lithrotripsy (ESWL) before complete mechanical clearance of the duct could be accomplished. CONCLUSION: We advocate the initial use of a long metal sheath (80cm) to perform mechanical lithotripsy. In case of traction wire @entity1 the use of a shorter metal sheath allows immediate successful continuation of the procedure, thereby frequently avoiding procedures such as ESWL or surgery.

title: Management of traction wire XXXX complicating mechanical basket lithotripsy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is the clinical terms applied to @entity2 of @entity0 with Ascarid @entity4 in the order Ascaridida, named @entity5 and @entity6 . Because in recent years in Iran many @entity0 desire to keep pets ( @entity3 and @entity1 ), and lacking of seroepidemiological study of @entity7 in Mashhad, we decided to determine the seroprevalence of @entity7 among @entity0 who own @entity3 and @entity1 in comparison with control group. METHODS: A serological study for detection antibodies to Toxocara in two groups (93 cat and @entity1 owners and 93 healthy @entity0 as control group) was conducted from Feb 2013 to Dec 2013. An ELISA method was employed using determination of IgG antibodies against Toxocara. The serum samples were evaluated for anti-Toxocara antibody, using ELISA technique at Parasitology and Immunology Lab of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad. Using a questionnaire, epidemiological factors associated with @entity2 were examined. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies in the pet owners and control group was respectively 20.43% and 1.07%. 47.3% of pet owners were female. CONCLUSION: Presented data showed the significant difference between seroprevalence of @entity7 among pet owners and control group. Education of society and in particular pet owners consisting of preventing contamination of the environment with Toxocara eggs is advised.

title: Seroepidemiological Study of @entity7 in the Owners of XXXX and @entity1 in Mashhad, Northeastern Iran.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Primary @entity1 is generally a disease of younger females; however, there are cases where symptoms present over the age of 40. These cases are described as late onset. In our current prospective study we compared the characteristics of early and late onset types of primary Raynaud's in 127 @entity0 . In addition to the collection of medical records, we performed capillary-microscopy and hand perfusion scintigraphy using Tc-99 m @entity2 to evaluate the microcirculation of each @entity0 's fingers. Regarding the spectrum of the capillary-microscopic findings, we did not find any significant difference between the early and late onset forms. However, in hand perfusion examinations done using Tc-99 m DTPA, we measured a significantly lower finger/palm ratio (FPR) in the early onset group of @entity0 . We also observed a correlation between the duration of the disease and the FPR, as well as between the age and FPR. Longer disease duration resulted in a significantly lower FPR. On the basis of our results, we believe that late onset Raynaud's should be treated as a separate entity. Due to its different characteristics found on examination and follow-up of our @entity0 , functional hand perfusion examination should be recommended independently of the age-related characteristics of the disease.

title: XXXX : comparison of late and early onset forms using hand perfusion scintigraphy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pumpkin ( @entity1 ) production relies on insect-mediated pollination, which is provided by managed and wild pollinators. The goals of this study were to measure the visitation frequency, longevity and temporal activity patterns of pumpkin pollinators and to determine if local habitat management and landscape composition affected this pollination service. We used video surveillance to monitor @entity0 acitivty within male and female pumpkin flowers in 2011 and 2012 across a pollination window of 0600-1200 h. We also quantified the amount of pollen deposited in female flowers across this time period. In 2011, A. mellifera made significantly more floral visits than other @entity0 , and in 2012 Bombus spp. was the dominant pumpkin pollinator. We found variation in visitation among male and female pumpkin flowers, with A. mellifera visiting female flowers more often and spending longer per visit within them than male flowers in both 2011 and 2012. The squash @entity0 P. pruinosa visited male flowers more frequently in 2012, but individuals spent equal time in both flower sexes. We did not find variation in the timing of flower visitation among species across the observed pollination window. In both 2011 and 2012 we found that the majority of pollen deposition occurred within the first two hours (0600-0800 h) of observation; there was no difference between the pollen deposited during this two-hour period and full pollination window (0600-1200 h). Local additions of @entity2 floral strips or a field buffer strip of native wildflowers did not have an effect on the foraging activity of @entity0 or pollen deposition. However, semi-natural and urban habitats in the surrounding landscape were positively correlated with the frequency of flower visitation by wild pollinators and the amount of pollen deposited within female flowers.

title: Use of video surveillance to measure the influences of habitat management and landscape composition on pollinator visitation and pollen deposition in pumpkin ( XXXX ) agroecosystems.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An Austrian boarding school reported a cluster of @entity4 on January 10, 2014. Environmental swabs from the school cafeteria and a nearby kebab restaurant tested positive for norovirus. The outbreak was investigated to identify its source(s). METHODS: An outbreak case was defined as a student or staff member with @entity2 or @entity3 that developed between January 7 and 13. Details on food exposure were collected via a self-administered questionnaire; risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Norovirus from the stool specimens of cases and asymptomatic kebab restaurant workers were genotyped. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases were identified among 144 @entity0 (attack rate 19%). The outbreak emerged and peaked on January 9, and ended on January 12. Compared to those who did not eat kebab, those who ate kebab on 7, 8, and 9 January were respectively 11 (95% CI 4.2-28), 6.7 (95% CI 3.4-13), and 9.3 (95% CI 4.0-22) times more likely to develop disease within the following 2 days. Stool specimens from three cases and three restaurant workers were positive for norovirus GII. @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The kebab prepared by norovirus-positive restaurant workers was the most likely source of the outbreak. It is recommended that food handlers comply strictly with hand hygiene and avoid bare-handed contact with ready-to-eat food to minimize the risk of @entity1 .

title: A norovirus GII. XXXX outbreak in a boarding school, Austria 2014.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We previously reported (Gray, T. E., K. Guzman, C. W. Davis, L. H. Abdullah, and P. Nettesheim. 1996. Mucociliary differentiation of serially passaged normal @entity0 tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 14:104-112) that @entity2 (RA)-deprived cultures of normal @entity0 tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells became squamous, failed to produce @entity3 , and instead secreted or released large amounts of @entity5 (LZ). The purpose of the studies reported here was to elucidate the relationship between @entity4 -induced squamous differentiation and increased LZ, and to determine what mechanisms were involved. We found that intracellular LZ began to accumulate in @entity4 NHTBE cultures early during squamous differentiation. Between Days 10 and 18 of culture, cellular LZ levels were more than 10 times higher in @entity4 than in RA-sufficient cultures. On Day 12, large numbers of cells began to exfoliate in @entity4 cultures and extracellular LZ appeared at the apical surface, presumably released from the exfoliated cells. Metabolic labeling studies showed that the rate of LZ synthesis was not increased in @entity4 cultures over that in RA-sufficient cultures; however, intracellular LZ half-life was much longer in @entity4 cultures. We concluded that the increased accumulation of both intra- and extracellular LZ in @entity4 cultures was due to increased LZ stability and was not the result of increased LZ synthesis. When @entity4 cultures were treated on Day 7 with 10(-6) M RA, intracellular LZ levels did not substantially decrease until 3 d later, coinciding with a marked increase in @entity3 secretion. LZ messenger RNA levels were unchanged at 24 h, but were modestly increased (rather than decreased) at all subsequent time points. We concluded that RA does not directly regulate LZ, and that the excessive accumulation of LZ in RA-deprived NHTBE cells is a consequence of @entity1 deficiency-induced abnormal differentiation.

title: XXXX expression during metaplastic squamous differentiation of @entity2 -deficient @entity0 tracheobronchial epithelial cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 are @entity1 caused by mutations in the gene encoding @entity3 . About 65% of the cases are caused by deletions, while 5-10% are duplications. The remaining 30% of affected individuals may have smaller mutations (point mutations or small deletions/insertions) which cannot be identified by current diagnostic screening strategies. In order to look for pathogenic small mutations in the @entity3 gene, we have screened the 18 exons located in the hot spot region of this gene through two different single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) conditions. Five different pathogenic mutations were identified in 6 out of 192 @entity2 / @entity2 @entity0 without detectable deletions: 2 nonsense, 1 bp insertion, 1 bp deletion and 1 intronic. Except for the intronic change, which alters a splice site, all the others cause a premature stop codon. In addition, 8 apparently neutral changes were identified. However, interestingly, one of them was not identified in 195 normal chromosomes, although it was previously described in a @entity2 @entity0 from a different population. The possibility that this mutation may be pathogenic is discussed. Except for two neutral changes, all the others are apparently here described for the first time.

title: Novel point mutations in the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have been assigned a promising role in the chemoprevention of various @entity1 . However, epidemiological data on the association between NSAID use and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are limited. To explore whether @entity0 regularly exposed to systemic @entity2 are at a reduced risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ), we conducted a population-based case-control analysis using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a United Kingdom primary care database. We identified 65,398 @entity0 with incident @entity6 and 7,864 @entity0 with incident @entity4 diagnosed between 1995 and 2013 and matched 1 and 4 @entity5 -free controls to each @entity6 and @entity4 case, respectively, on age, sex, general practice, calendar time and years of history in the database. We compared prior NSAID exposure between cases and controls using multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses controlling for several potential confounders. Overall, we found no association between NSAID use and @entity6 , but when looking exclusively at users of single NSAID substances there was a suggestion of a reduced @entity6 risk in regular users of @entity3 and @entity7 (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR]: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.99 and adj. OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48-0.78, respectively). The risk of @entity4 was slightly decreased in regular users of any @entity2 (adj. OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.97), with the strongest risk reduction observed in current users of coxibs (adj. OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.95). These findings provide evidence that @entity0 predisposed to @entity5 might benefit from chemoprevention with @entity2 .

title: @entity2 and the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe morbidity, organ damage, mortality, and cause of @entity4 in patients with @entity11 ( @entity11 ). METHODS: Descriptive analysis of 135 @entity0 . @entity0 were clustered according to initial event: arterial @entity6 including @entity3 ( @entity7 ; n = 46), @entity2 including @entity8 (VT; n = 53), or pregnancy morbidity (PM; n = 36). Disease progression according to initial event and prevalence of organ damage was observed. RESULTS: @entity11 occurs among young individuals (mean age 33.3    11.9 yrs). One-third of the @entity0 have @entity11 secondary to @entity9 ( @entity9 ) or @entity9 -like disease. A broad spectrum of clinical manifestations mark the disease onset even before diagnosis. The pattern of initial presentation is preserved with regard to second event; VT is followed by VT (84%), @entity7 is followed by @entity7 (95%), and PM is followed by PM (88.9%). The highest morbidity is attributed to @entity1 . PM is more likely to be followed by a second event, yet is associated with less organ damage than @entity7 and VT. After a mean followup of 7.55 years, 29% of @entity0 experienced organ damage and 5 died, with @entity9 International Collaborating Clinics score associated with increased mortality (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.60, p = 0.01, @entity5 -unit increase); @entity10 occurred in 2 @entity0 after a cumulative followup of 1020 @entity0 -years. Coexistent @entity9 adds significant damage in @entity0 with @entity11 . CONCLUSION: @entity11 is a disease of young individuals, who experience increased morbidity. @entity1 is the most common cause of morbidity. @entity7 at presentation as well as coexistent @entity9 are associated with poor outcome.

title: Morbidity, mortality, and organ damage in patients with XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of 2 systematic transition zone (TZ) biopsies in addition to systematic sextant biopsies in an effort to establish the importance of @entity1 detected in the transition zone. METHODS: Between November 1995 and October 1996, TRUS-guided systematic sextant peripheral zone (PZ) and two additional TZ biopsies were performed on 189 consecutive @entity0 . Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) was performed to 13 @entity0 with organ-confined @entity2 . The biopsy results of the 52 @entity0 with @entity1 and the pathological specimens of the @entity0 who underwent surgery were compared. RESULTS: Of the 189 @entity0 , 52 (27.5%) had @entity2 of whom 20 (38.5%) both in the PZ and TZ, 31 (59.6%) only in the PZ, and 1 (1.9%) in the TZ only. Of the 96 @entity0 with high serum PSA levels despite normal DRE, 14 had @entity2 . TZ @entity1 only rate was 7.1% (1 in 14 @entity0 ) in this group. RRP was performed to 8 @entity0 who had @entity1 only in the PZ and 5 @entity0 in both TZ and PZ. The pathological stages of the postoperative specimens and extracapsular extension rates of those with @entity1 in the PZ and TZ were significantly higher (p = 0.029 and p = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Routine TZ biopsy does not substantially increase the @entity2 detection rate, however it can be useful in selected @entity0 groups. If further studies reveal the relationship of @entity1 in the transition zone, higher capsular extension rate (pT3 @entity1 ) and higher pathological stage after radical surgery, then TZ biopsies may yield additional information that might influence the therapeutic approach.

title: Impact of transition zone biopsies in detection and evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the level of contamination with thermotolerant coliforms ( @entity0 ), @entity4 in water @entity1 (Ipomoea aquatica) cultivated in a wastewater-fed lake in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. METHODS: The investigation was carried out from July 2004 to May 2005 in Boeng Cheung Ek lake, a main recipient of wastewater from the city of Phnom Penh. Water @entity1 samples were collected near two wastewater entry points in the northern part of the lake and near a wastewater exit point in the southern part of the lake, where water is discharged from the lake into a stream. Water @entity1 samples were harvested at each of the three locations with and without wastewater contact according to the normal practices of farmers, and analysed for @entity0 , protozoan @entity2 (Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora), and helminth eggs ( @entity3 , @entity5 and hookworm) using standard methods. Wastewater samples were also collected at each of the three locations and analysed for @entity0 and helminth eggs. RESULTS: High concentrations of @entity0 (approximately 10(5)-10(7)/g) were found in water @entity1 samples. @entity0 mean counts did not differ significantly, neither between sample types at each location, nor between locations. @entity0 mean concentration of water @entity1 samples collected in the rainy season of 2005 was higher than that in the dry season of 2004. Protozoan @entity2 were detected in the samples from all three locations and in water @entity1 harvested with and without wastewater contact. Giardia spp. were present in 56% (20) of samples with an average cyst concentration of 6.6/g. Mean counts of Giardia were not significantly associated with wastewater contact status of water @entity1 . Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 17% (six) of samples with an average concentration of 0.5 oocyst per gram of water @entity1 . Cyclospora oocysts were detected in 8% (three) of samples. Four (11%) water @entity1 samples contained helminth eggs (average concentration: 0.1 egg per gram). Water samples contained approximately 10(4)-10(7) @entity0 per 100 ml and a mean of 27.4 helminth eggs per litre. There was a 2-3 log reduction of @entity0 between the water samples collected at the wastewater entry and exit point(s) of the lake. CONCLUSIONS: Water @entity1 cultivated in the lake was highly contaminated with feces, as indicated by high @entity0 concentrations and the presence of protozoan @entity2 . A reduction in @entity0 numbers almost to WHO guideline levels for irrigation water occurred through natural biological and physical processes in the lake, as shown by differences in @entity0 counts at wastewater entry and exit points.

title: Faecal and protozoan parasite contamination of water XXXX (Ipomoea aquatica) cultivated in urban wastewater in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of amniotic membrane in reducing @entity1 , @entity2 , adhesion formation, and ocular motility restrictions following strabismus surgery. METHODS: In the first stage of this prospective, randomized study, 17 @entity3 underwent superior rectus muscle recession in both eyes. Surgery was performed in the same manner, but @entity0 amniotic membrane was placed over the muscle without sutures in the right eye after recession. After 15 days, the @entity3 were killed and their orbits were exenterated and evaluated histopathologically to quantify tissue @entity1 and @entity2 . In the second stage, 5 @entity3 underwent the same procedure but were killed after 30 days. A dynamometer was used to measure the force required to displace all eyes. RESULTS: At 15 days postoperatively, eyes with amniotic membrane exhibited an increased inflammatory response and less @entity2 than eyes without amniotic membrane. At 30 days postoperatively, eyes with amniotic membrane continued to exhibit @entity1 and less @entity2 than eyes without amniotic membrane. In the dynamometer test, more force was needed to displace eyes without amniotic membrane after 15 days, but there was no significant difference between the forces required at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 amniotic membrane in @entity3 led to an increase in the inflammatory process and a decrease in @entity2 formation following strabismus surgery. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(6):341-347.].

title: Amniotic membrane for reducing the formation of adhesions in strabismus surgery: experimental study in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In several studies from northern Europe, north America and Australia, @entity2 are correlated with pigmentary traits and with intense sun exposure in a way similar to @entity1 . However, it is unclear if these data can be extrapolated to populations in other geographic locations and with different prevalent phenotypes. Our study was conducted among schoolchildren aged 13-14 years in 16 Italian cities. The parents of 3,127 @entity0 of a total of 3,160 (99%) consented to our study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about sun exposure and lifetime history of sunburns. @entity0 were also examined by trained dermatologists to assess pigmentary traits and to make a count of @entity2 . The median nevus density was higher among @entity0 than @entity0 . Areas that are usually chronically exposed to the sun exhibited a higher density of nevi compared to intermittently and rarely exposed areas. A higher density of nevi was found in @entity0 with lighter skin, blond hair and blue eyes. Red-haired @entity0 had a remarkably lower nevus density compared to the other color categories. The density of nevi increased with an increased number of reported episodes of sunburns. The results concerning nevi >/=6 mm in diameter paralleled those obtained for the total nevus density. However, at variance with total nevus density, a significant relation was also observed between larger nevi and freckling. Our study confirms that, in Italian schoolchildren, there is a relation between pigmentary traits, history of sunburns and the density of @entity2 . @entity2 and @entity1 share a similar risk factor profile.

title: The density of XXXX correlates with constitutional variables and history of sunburns: a prevalence study among Italian schoolchildren.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Importance: Although adults with @entity5 have a significantly increased risk of premature mortality, sample size limitations of previous research have hindered the identification of the underlying causes. Objective: To describe overall and cause-specific mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for adults with @entity5 compared with the US general population. Design, Setting, and @entity0 : We identified a national retrospective longitudinal cohort of @entity0 with @entity5 20 to 64 years old in the Medicaid program (January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2007). The cohort included 1   138   853 individuals, 4   807   121 years of follow-up, and 74   003 @entity6 , of which 65   553 had a known cause. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mortality ratios for the @entity5 cohort standardized to the general population with respect to age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geographic region were estimated for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Mortality rates per 100   000 @entity0 -years and the mean years of potential life lost per @entity6 were also determined. Death record information was obtained from the National Death Index. Results: Adults with @entity5 were more than 3.5 times (all-cause SMR, 3.7; 95% CI, 3.7-3.7) as likely to die in the follow-up period as were adults in the general population. @entity4 had the highest mortality rate (403.2 per 100   000 @entity0 -years) and an SMR of 3.6 (95% CI, 3.5-3.6). Among 6 selected @entity2 , @entity1 had the highest mortality rate (74.8 per 100   000 @entity0 -years) and an SMR of 2.4 (95% CI, 2.4-2.5). Particularly elevated SMRs were observed for @entity10 (9.9; 95% CI, 9.6-10.2) and @entity3 (7.0; 95% CI, 6.7-7.4). Accidental @entity6 (119.7 per 100   000 @entity0 -years) accounted for more than twice as many @entity6 as suicide (52.0 per 100   000 @entity0 -years). Nonsuicidal substance-induced @entity6 , mostly from @entity7 or other drugs, was also a leading cause of @entity6 (95.2 per 100   000 @entity0 -years). Conclusions and Relevance: In a US national cohort of adults with @entity5 , excess @entity6 from cardiovascular and @entity11 implicate modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including especially @entity8 use. @entity6 directly attributable to @entity7 or other drugs highlight threats posed by @entity9 . More aggressive identification and management of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as reducing @entity8 use and @entity9 , should be leading priorities in the medical care of adults with @entity5 .

title: Premature Mortality Among Adults With XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Erosive-destructive changes in @entity1 particularly in the large joints of the lower limbs often result in the @entity0 's immobility. The aim of this retrospective study was to weigh the benefits of multiple joint replacement in @entity1 against the specific complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1977 until 31 December 1998, 215 @entity0 with proven @entity1 (according to the ACR classification) received three or four endoprostheses in the lover limbs. In a retrospective study with a standard questionnaire and evaluation of the @entity0 record, we were able to assess 201 @entity1 @entity0 (93.5%) who received 688 endoprostheses (93.7%), with 347 total hip prostheses (THR) and 341 total knee prostheses (TKR). RESULTS: There was a significant improvement of the @entity0 's ability to walk and in 16.9% of the cases even a remobilization of the @entity1 @entity0 who had been unable to walk before surgery. On the other hand, there were significant complications--in the majority of the cases (appr. 60%) with total knee replacement. Together the complications per implant had an extremely high complication rate of 43.8% (n=88) per @entity1 @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Due to the long-term follow-up of 22 years (1977 through 1998), we were able to demonstrate that with a new implant generation and a more a careful indication this unacceptable complication rate can be reduced considerably. However, the multiple joint replacement of the lower limbs remains a difficult method with a high complication rate and should therefore only be performed at orthopedic rheumatological centers.

title: [Multiple joint replacement of the lower limbs in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Clinical studies on @entity1 and @entity10 @entity0 have shown that plasma and urinary @entity6 ( @entity13 ) responds to @entity7 ( @entity8 ) therapy, indicating that Hcy in extracellular fluids may be an indicator of the antifolate effect. However, the clinical data indicate that the burden of proliferating cells, @entity3 and the @entity9 status are also determinants of extracellular Hcy. To evaluate this further, we investigated the modulation of cellular Hcy egress by @entity8 , rescue agents, cell proliferation and @entity3 . Nontransformed and chemically transformed fibroblasts and @entity2 @entity4 cells, which are characterized by different growth behavior and @entity8 response, were used. The Hcy export rate was correlated positively with the proliferation rate in all cell types. @entity12 or @entity14 added to fibroblasts not exposed to @entity8 reduced the Hcy export rate, whereas the export from the @entity4 cells was not affected. All cells types exposed to @entity8 were rescued by @entity5 + @entity11 , and this allowed the assessment of Hcy export during @entity8 exposure without interference from @entity3 . In the fibroblasts, @entity8 with @entity5 + @entity11 rescue induced a marked increase in Hcy export, and the dose-response paralleled the @entity3 curves obtained for @entity8 without rescue. Nontoxic concentrations of @entity8 without rescue enhanced the Hcy export. When @entity8 concentration was increased further, Hcy export was stimulated initially, and then declined rapidly as cell death ensued. @entity8 did not enhance the Hcy export from the @entity4 cells and, in the absence of rescue, the Hcy export from these cells declined in proportion to inhibition of cell growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interaction between @entity7 , "rescue" agents and cell proliferation as modulators of XXXX export from cells in culture.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare dosimetric endpoints between proton therapy (PT) and conventional radiation and determine the feasibility of PT for regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 2012 to 2014, 18 @entity1 (stage IIA-IIIB) requiring RNI prospectively enrolled on a pilot study. Median age was 51.8  years (range, 42-73  years). The cohort included breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy @entity1 and right- and left-sided @entity2 . Treatment targets and organs at risk were delineated on computed tomography scans, and PT and conventional plans were developed. @entity3 was prospectively recorded using Common Terminology Criteria for  Adverse Events version 4.0. A Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test compared the dose-volume parameters. The primary endpoint was a reduction in cardiac V5. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 20  months (range, 2-31  months). For all @entity1 , the PT plan better met the dosimetric goals and was used for treatment. Proton therapy alone was used for 10 @entity1 (9 postmastectomy, 1 after BCT) and combined proton-photon in 8 (6 BCT, 2 postmastectomy with immediate expander reconstruction). Proton therapy improved coverage of level 2 axilla (P=.0005). Adequate coverage of internal mammary nodes was consistently achieved with PT (median D95, 50.3  Gy; range, 46.6-52.1  Gy) but not with conventional radiation therapy (median D95, 48.2  Gy; range, 40.8-55  Gy; P=.0005). Median cardiac V5 was 0.6% with PT and 16.3% with conventional radiation (P<.0001). Median ipsilateral lung V5 and V20 were improved with PT (median V5 35.3% vs 60.5% [P<.0001]; and median V20, 21.6% vs 35.5% [P<.0001]). Grade 3 @entity4 developed in 4 @entity1 (22%), which was the only grade 3 @entity3 . No grade 4+  @entity3 developed. CONCLUSION: Proton therapy for RNI after mastectomy or BCT significantly improves cardiac dose, especially for left-sided @entity1 , and lung V5 and V20 in all @entity1 without excessive acute @entity3 . Proton therapy simultaneously improves target coverage for the internal mammary nodes and level 2 axilla, which may positively impact long-term survival in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Initial Report of a Prospective Dosimetric and Clinical Feasibility Trial Demonstrates the Potential of Protons to Increase the Therapeutic Ratio in XXXX Compared With Photons.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 and @entity2 have both been linked to tissue hypoperfusion in @entity6 , but their relative contributions to the disease's pathogenesis and outcome are unknown. METHODS: Microvascular blood flow was quantified in adults with severe @entity6 on their admission to hospital; plasma biomarkers of endothelial function were measured simultaneously. The relationship between these indices and the @entity0 ' clinical findings and in-hospital course was examined. RESULTS: @entity5 was observed in 119/142 (84 %) @entity0 ; a median (interquartile range (IQR)) of 14.9 % (6.6-34.9 %) of capillaries were obstructed in @entity0 that died versus 8.3 % (1.7-26.6 %) in survivors (P = 0.039). The proportion of obstructed capillaries correlated with the estimated parasite biomass (rs = 0.25, P = 0.004) and with plasma @entity4 (rs = 0.38, P <0.0001), the strongest predictor of @entity1 in the series. Plasma @entity3 ( @entity3 ) concentrations were markedly elevated suggesting widespread endothelial activation; the median (IQR) @entity3 concentration was 21.9 ng/mL (13.4-29.4 ng/mL) in @entity0 that died versus 14.9 ng/mL (9.8-29.3 ng/mL) in survivors (P = 0.035). @entity3 concentrations correlated with estimated parasite biomass (rs = 0.35, P <0.001) and plasma @entity4 (rs = 0.37, P <0.0001). @entity5 and @entity3 concentrations were not significantly correlated with each other (rs = 0.17, P = 0.06), but were independently associated with plasma @entity4 (P <0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and systemic endothelial activation are independently associated with plasma @entity4 , the strongest predictor of @entity1 in adults with @entity6 . This supports the hypothesis that the two processes make an independent contribution to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease.

title: @entity5 and endothelial activation are independently associated with the clinical manifestations of severe XXXX in adults: an observational study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity6 (RABV) is an enveloped RNA virus. It mainly damages the central nervous system and causes @entity4 in mammals and @entity0 . There is now compelling evidence that enveloped virions released from infected cells can carry many host proteins, some of which may play an important part in viral replication. Several host proteins have been reported to be incorporated into RABV particles. However, a systematic study to reveal the proteomics of RABV particles has not been conducted. In the present study, after virus culture and purification by @entity2 density gradient ultracentrifugation, a proteomics approach was used to analyze the protein composition of purified RABV particles to understand the molecular mechanisms of virus-cell interactions. Fifty host proteins, along with five virus-encoded structural proteins, were identified in purified RABV particles. These proteins could be classified into ten categories according to function: intracellular trafficking (14%), molecular chaperone (12%), cytoskeletal (24%), signal transduction (8%), transcription regulation (12%), @entity1 ion-binding (6%), enzyme binding (6%), metabolic process (2%), ubiquitin (2%) and other (14%). Of these, four proteins (beta-actin, p-tubulin, @entity5 , @entity3 ) were validated by western blotting to be present in purified RABV particles. This novel study of the composition of host proteins in RABV particles may aid investigation of the mechanism of RABV replication.

title: [Proteomic Analyses of Purified Particles of the XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: To estimate the incidence and describe the clinical presentation and outcome ( @entity1 responsiveness, clinical course, complications) of @entity6 in @entity0 in a population-based retrospective study. METHODS: Using local registries and the hospital discharge diagnosis system from two centers, all new cases of @entity6 were identified in Gironde (France) between January  1992  and May  2008. To estimate incidence, population-based denominators were obtained from the National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). Clinical data were collected from medical charts. RESULTS: Ninety-nine cases of @entity6 were reported (66  @entity0 , 18  non-Caucasians) with an incidence of 2.3/100,000 (CI, 1.8-3.0) @entity0 less than 15years. Ninety @entity0 (91%) had @entity1 -sensitive @entity5 (SSNS) and nine (9%) were @entity1 -resistant (SRNS). The median time to remission in SSNS was 11days. Relapses occurred in 75 (83%) @entity0 with SSNS with a median of four relapses (range, 1-32). The cumulative relapse-free incidence was 60% at 10years after diagnosis in SSNS and 13% of @entity0 aged 18years old or over still had active disease. In SSNS, the only significant factor associated with @entity1 dependency or use of non @entity1 drugs was the time to initial response to steroids greater than 14days. Nineteen @entity0 (19%) experienced severe complications of @entity5 including 11  @entity4 . Two @entity0 with SRNS, of whom one was initially @entity1 -responsive, developed @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The incidence and outcome of @entity6 in Gironde are comparable to the rates found in other studies. The disease may have a long course and the time for response to @entity2 at disease onset is the main predictor of @entity1 dependency and of use of non @entity1 agents.

title: [Idiopathic @entity5 in XXXX : Incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome in the county of Gironde, France].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Shivering associated with spinal anesthesia during Cesarean delivery is an uncomfortable experience for the parturient, which may also cause adverse effects. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we sought to evaluate the effect of intrathecal @entity2 , administered as an adjunct to hyperbaric @entity1 for Cesarean delivery, on the incidence and severity of shivering associated with spinal anesthesia. @entity0 undergoing Cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to three groups of 30 @entity0 each. Experimental treatments were added to hyperbaric @entity1 as follows: @entity0 in group I (control) were administered isotonic saline. @entity0 in groups II and III received @entity2 (2.5, 5     g, respectively), mixed with isotonic saline. Shivering was observed in 11, 10 and 2 @entity0 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The incidence of shivering in group III was significantly lower than that in groups I (p=0.005) and II (p=0.01). The severity of shivering was significantly different between the three groups (p=0.01). There were no significant inter-group differences with respect to mean arterial pressure and heart rate at any time point after administration of intrathecal local anesthesia (p>0.05). Intrathecal @entity2 (5     g) administered as an adjunct to hyperbaric @entity1 during Cesarean delivery significantly reduced the incidence and intensity of shivering associated with spinal anesthesia.

title: Intrathecal XXXX Alleviates Shivering during Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 26-year-old @entity0 had a prolonged @entity1 , 10 kg weight loss and generalized @entity5 , first diagnosed as a @entity3 . On admission he was febrile and in a markedly reduced physical condition. Submandibular, angular, cubital and inguinal lymph nodes were slightly enlarged bilaterally. INVESTIGATIONS: Serology and blood cultures were negative. Sonography and computed tomography showed enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, mediastinum, axillae, retroperitoneum and mesentery. Biopsies of lymph nodes and bone marrow revealed changes characteristic of @entity6 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: @entity2 was administered, 20 mg daily for 20 days, the dose gradually reduced over 4 months. The @entity1 ceased after 14 days and the @entity0 's working capacity was fully restored after 7 weeks. CONCLUSION: In a case of prolonged @entity1 of unknown cause @entity6 should be included in the differential diagnosis. It at first consists of polyclonal lymphatic proliferation. But transformation to @entity3 and systemic @entity4 have been described in the disease's generalized form.

title: [ XXXX --a rare cause of a febrile state with @entity5 ].

answer: @entity6