abstract: BACKGROUND: Silent @entity1 episodes rate is 4-5% among over fifty aged @entity0 . @entity0 affected by @entity2 have higher @entity4 rate than @entity0 with normal blood pressure. An increased mortality is present among @entity0 affected by essential @entity2 , especially if affected by silent @entity1 and /or @entity5 . In all previous study about @entity2 , the inclusion criterion was a diastolic blood pressure >95 mmHg, that is a low selective one. The aim of study is to evaluate @entity5 rate, in @entity2 @entity0 , without pharmacological therapy, and diagnosed by 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), so using a more selective criterion than WHO rules. METHODS: 128 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 diagnosis by WHO rules, were screened for 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM); 85 of them (66.4%) had 24 hours mean blood pressure >135/85 mmHg. These 85 @entity0 were screened for M-mode, B-mode echocardiography and 24 hours electrocardiogram monitoring by Holter. RESULTS: Sixty @entity0 (70.6%) were affected by @entity7 , 25 were free (29.4%) According to the Lown and Wolf classification for @entity5 20 @entity0 (23.5%) had a Grade I @entity5 , 5 (5.9%) had a Grade II, 4 (4.7%) had a Grade III, 9 (10.6%) had a Grade IV A, 20 (23.5%) had a Grade IV B, 12 (14.2%) had a Grade V and 15 @entity0 (17.6%) were free from @entity6 . 40 @entity0 (47%) had one or more ST @entity3 episodes longer than 60 . The range of episodes number is 1-22, mean 6.8; their duration range is 1-16 minutes, mean 7.6 minutes. In our study, @entity7 correlate significantly with @entity5 Lown score, r=0.552 for p<0.0001 and also with silent @entity1 as ST @entity3 r=0.51, p<0.004. The correlation, between @entity5 score and ST @entity3 , r=0.042, p<0.021 is not highly significant. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion is drawn that using a more selective criterion for the diagnosis of @entity2 , it is possible to identify @entity0 affected by a more severe stage of disease, and detect them for primary prevention of coronary events.

title: [Silent @entity1 and XXXX in essential @entity2 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: In @entity1 , axons of external urethral sphincter (EUS) motoneurons travel through the anastomotic branch of the @entity5 (ABPD) and anastomotic branch of the lumbosacral trunk (ABLT) and converge in the motor branch of the sacral plexus ( @entity6 ). The aim of the present study was to determine in female @entity1 the contribution of these somatomotor pathways and urethral sensory innervation from the dorsal nerve of the clitoris on urinary continence and voiding. EUS electromyographic (EMG) activity during cystometry, leak point pressure (LPP), and voiding efficiency (VE) were assessed in anesthetized virgin Sprague-Dawley female @entity1 before and after transection of the above nerve branches. Transection of the @entity6 eliminated EUS EMG, decreased LPP by 50%, and significantly reduced @entity4 duration, peak pressure, intercontraction interval, and VE. Transection of the ABPD or ABLT decreased EUS EMG discharge and LPP by 25% but did not affect VE. Transection of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris did not affect LPP but reduced contraction duration, peak pressure, intercontraction interval, and VE. We conclude that somatomotor control of micturition is provided by the @entity6 with axons travelling through the ABPD and ABLT. Partial somatomotor urethral denervation induces mild @entity2 , whereas partial afferent denervation induces @entity3 . ABPD and ABLT pathways could represent a safeguard ensuring innervation to the EUS in case of @entity0 . Detailed knowledge of neuroanatomy and functional innervation of the urethra will enable more accurate animal models of neural development, disease, and dysfunction in the future.

title: Somatomotor and sensory urethral control of micturition in female XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the visual recovery after intravitreal injections of the antivascular endothelial growth factor, bevacizumab, in a case of vaso obliteration from idiopathic @entity9 , @entity4 , and @entity7 (IRVAN). The name IRVAN was given to the condition to highlight the key findings present in the disease. IRVAN is a severe, sight threatening condition that can lead to peripheral capillary non-perfusion and vision loss from the ischemic sequelae of @entity3 . Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the current standard of care for IRVAN but visual outcome is poor if PRP is initiated after @entity6 develops. Intravitreal bevacizumab has success at treating @entity6 from other @entity1 and inflammatory retinal conditions that have similar characteristics to IRVAN. CASE REPORT: This case report describes a @entity0 with @entity2 in the @entity8 . The @entity0 presented with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in the @entity10 and count fingers at 4 ft in the @entity8 . Evaluation revealed findings consistent with an advanced stage of IRVAN. Anterior and posterior @entity6 had developed from extensive capillary non-perfusion in both retinas. A dense vitreous @entity5 @entity8 . Bilateral intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and extensive PRP were given in the area of @entity7 for treatment. After 4 months, the @entity0 's vision had improved from count fingers in the @entity8 to 20/40. CONCLUSIONS: IRVAN has favorable outcomes when treated with a combination of PRP and intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of this combination treatment in a case of IRVAN with both posterior and anterior @entity6 .

title: Visual acuity recovery in a case of idiopathic XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To correlate the abnormalities on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scan with fluorinated @entity2 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in @entity0 with progressive @entity1 , using a lesion-by-lesion analysis, and to preliminarily explore post-treatment changes in standard uptake value (SUV) with changes in @entity3 . METHODS: A lesional analysis compared abnormalities on FDG-PET with those on CT/MRI or bone scan. @entity0 had rising @entity3 levels and progressive disease according to the imaging findings. Changes in the SUV were compared with the @entity3 changes in @entity0 who had serial scans after treatment. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-seven lesions in 17 @entity0 were examined; 134 osseous lesions were evident on PET and/or bone scan, 95 lesions (71%) were evident on both, 31 (23%) were seen only on bone scan, and 8 (6%) were seen only on PET (adjusted McNemar's chi-square = 8.32, P = 0.004). All but one of the lesions seen only on bone scan were "stable" compared with the previous bone scans. All lesions seen only on PET proved to be active disease on subsequent bone scans. Twenty-three soft-tissue lesions were present on CT/MRI or PET, or both; 9 (39%) lesions were evident on both and 14 (61%) were evident only on one imaging modality. In 9 (75%) of 12 cases in which serial PET scans were available, the SUV changed in parallel with the @entity3 level. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET can discriminate active osseous disease from scintigraphically quiescent lesions in @entity0 with progressive @entity1 , but it is limited in detecting soft-tissue metastases. Post-treatment changes in the SUV tend to correlate with changes in @entity3 .

title: Fluorinated XXXX positron emission tomography imaging in progressive @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) increases both bone formation ( @entity4 ) and bone resorption, whereas @entity3 reduces bone resorption. It is possible that the combination therapy will enhance their effects on @entity4 . Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy in @entity1 . METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relative studies. The outcomes included the mean percent increases in @entity4 of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and distal radius. A fixed-effects model or random-effects was used to pool the estimates according to the heterogeneity. RESULTS: Six RCTs with a total number of 833 @entity0 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed that, the combination therapy resulted in a higher mean percent change of increased @entity4 in distal radius (WMD = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.58, 3.31; 0.000), but not in lumbar spine (WMD = -0.83, 95%CI: -3.48, 1.81; p = .538), femoral neck (WMD = -0.99, 95%CI: -2.04, 0.07; p = .068), and total hip (WMD = -0.06, 95%CI: -0.93, 0.81; p = .892). Subgroup analysis revealed that among the @entity0 in the combination therapy group, greater increases in the spine @entity4 were observed when the @entity2 was administered with a dosage of 20   g (WMD = 2.33, 95%CI: 1.24, 3.43; p = .000), or the treatment duration lasted more than 12 months (WMD = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.00, 3.47; p = .000), or the combination therapy was used in @entity1 @entity0 (WMD = 1.58, 95%CI: 0.63, 2.53; p = .001). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that combination therapy in the treatment of @entity1 , reduced the ability of @entity2 therapy to increase the @entity4 at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip.

title: XXXX Plus @entity3 in @entity1 : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Stress is a strong modulator of memory function. However, memory is not a unitary process and stress seems to exert different effects depending on the memory type under study. Here, we explored the impact of social stress on different aspects of @entity0 memory, including tests for explicit memory and working memory (for neutral materials), as well as implicit memory (perceptual priming, contextual priming and classical conditioning for emotional stimuli). A total of 35 young adult male students were randomly assigned to either the stress or the control group, with stress being induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Salivary @entity3 levels were assessed repeatedly throughout the experiment to validate stress effects. The results support previous evidence indicating complex effects of stress on different types of memory: A pronounced working @entity4 was associated with exposure to stress. No performance differences between groups of stressed and unstressed subjects were observed in verbal explicit memory (but note that learning and recall took place within 1 h and immediately following stress) or in implicit memory for neutral stimuli. Stress enhanced classical conditioning for negative but not positive stimuli. In addition, stress improved spatial explicit memory. These results reinforce the view that acute stress can be highly disruptive for working memory processing. They provide new evidence for the facilitating effects of stress on implicit memory for negative emotional materials. Our findings are discussed with respect to their potential relevance for @entity2 , such as post traumatic @entity1 .

title: Stress effects on working memory, explicit memory, and implicit memory for neutral and emotional stimuli in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Direction selectivity and orientation selectivity were examined in the direction-selective (DS) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) ganglion cells in the @entity0 retina. Spike activities were recorded in vivo using @entity2 -in-glass electrodes. Three types of visual stimuli ( @entity3 slit, moving edges behind a slit, and whole-field drifting gratings) were used to distinguish these attributes. Fourier analysis was performed on data obtained using drifting gratings as proposed by Worgotter and Eysel (1987). Results from both angular and Fourier (polar angle frequency) domains were consistent. DS cells had strong directional components and varying strength of orientational components; they also had intact inhibitory surrounds. The phase of the biased orientation did not have a consistent relationship with the preferred direction. @entity1 cells had predominant orientational components and very weak directional components. We conclude that the orientation bias does not contribute to the generation of direction selectivity, and that the mechanism of this bias of DS cells is rather different from the mechanism that generates orientation selectivity in @entity0 @entity1 cells. There are indications that it is similar to the mechanism shown to cause orientation bias in cat concentric cells.

title: Distinguishing direction selectivity from orientation selectivity in the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of anti- @entity2 on the @entity5 and Th2 cytokines in @entity0 with @entity10 ( @entity10 ). METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 20 @entity0 with active @entity10 treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg). For comparison, PBMC were also obtained from 15 healthy controls and 19 @entity0 with active @entity1 ( @entity1 ). After stimulation with @entity9 / @entity7 , the intracellular cytokines interleukin (IL)2, @entity8 , @entity4 , and interferon ( @entity3 were determined in CD3+ T cells and in CD3+/CD56+ natural killer (NK) T cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS: At baseline the percentage of T cells positive for @entity3 (p=0.020) and @entity6 (p=0.046) was decreased in @entity0 with @entity10 compared with healthy controls, while @entity4 (p=0.001) was increased. This cytokine profile, confirmed by the mean fluorescence intensities (MFI), was more pronounced in CD3+/CD8- cells and contrasted with higher @entity6 production in @entity1 . NK T cells, characterised by high @entity8 and @entity4 numbers, were also increased in @entity0 with @entity10 (p=0.017). Treatment with infliximab induced a significant and persistent increase in @entity3 and @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity10 . Moreover, there was a transient decrease in @entity4 and NK T cells in @entity0 with high baseline values, resulting in values comparable with those of healthy controls. This switch in cytokine profile was seen in both the CD3+/CD8- and CD3+/CD8+ subsets. CONCLUSIONS: Before treatment @entity0 with @entity10 had an impaired @entity5 cytokine profile compared with healthy controls and @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity2 blockade induced restoration of the @entity5 cytokines, resulting in a normal cytokine balance. These data confirm the effect of anti- @entity2 on the immune changes in @entity10 , and provide insights into the mechanisms involved in @entity2 blockade.

title: Impaired @entity5 cytokine production in XXXX is restored by anti- @entity2 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 are a serious problem in neonatal intensive care units, increasing morbidity and mortality in low birth weight @entity0 in addition to escalating health-care costs. Studies exploring the epidemiology of @entity6 in developing country hospitals are rare. This retrospective case-control study aimed to evaluate epidemiology and risk factors associated with @entity6 in a neonatal intensive care unit in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: Cases (neonates (age < 28 days, (n = 45) with NICU discharge diagnosis of @entity2 or @entity4 between January 1996 and December 2006 were matched with controls (newborns with discharge diagnoses other than the above during the same study period) for gender, gestational age, and admission within 72 hours of admission of an index case. Risk factors were identified and clinical course and outcomes (discharge disposition) described. P-value and match-adjusted odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS: A frequency of 0.9% @entity4 was documented in the NICU. The incidence was highest (46%) in VLBW (< 1500 gm). @entity5 was the leading causative organism (55%), and neonatal risk factors identified were mechanical ventilation (> 7 days), positive bacterial culture, and duration of hospitalization of > 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged ventilation, positive bacterial blood culture, and prolonged duration of NICU stay were the major risk factors associated with newborn @entity3 in our center. Presence of antenatal care was a significant protective factor in our subset of neonatal population.

title: Clinical spectrum and outcomes of XXXX in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present an in situ cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) study of mixed @entity2 ( @entity2 )/ @entity0 (PS) brush-grafted 67 nm @entity1 nanoparticles in organic and aqueous solvents. These organic-inorganic nanoparticles are predicted to be environmentally responsive and adopt distinct brush layer morphologies in different solvent environments. Although the self-assembled morphology of mixed @entity2 /PS brush-grafted particles has been studied previously in a dried state, no direct visualization of microphase separation was achieved in the solvent environment. CryoEM allows the sample to be imaged in situ, that is, in a frozen solvated state, at the resolution of a transmission electron microscope. Cryo-electron tomograms (cryoET) were generated for mixed @entity2 /PS brush-grafted nanoparticles in both @entity3 ( @entity4 , a nonselective good solvent) and water (a selective solvent for @entity2 ). Different nanostructures for the mixed brushes were observed in these two solvents. Overall, the brush layer is more compact in water, with a thickness of 18 nm, as compared with an extended layer of 27 nm in @entity4 . In @entity4 , mixed @entity2 /PS brushes are observed to form laterally separated microdomains with a ripple wavelength of 13.8 nm. Because of its lower grafting density than that of @entity2 , PS domains form more or less cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped domains in the @entity2 matrix. In water, @entity2 chains are found to form a more complete shell around the nanoparticle to maximize their interaction with water, whereas PS chains collapse into the core of surface-tethered micelles near the @entity1 core. The cryoET results presented here confirm the predicted environmentally responsive nature of @entity2 /PS mixed brush-grafted nanoparticles. This experimental approach may be useful for the design of future mixed brush-grafted nanoparticles for nano- and biotechnology applications.

title: In Situ Characterization of Binary Mixed Polymer Brush-Grafted XXXX Nanoparticles in Aqueous and Organic Solvents by Cryo-Electron Tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: During the pregnancy the placenta and hypothalamus produce trophic hormones for @entity5 ( @entity5 ), i.e. @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity8 (ACTH). The @entity7 of pregnant @entity0 is differentially modulated in comparison to non-pregnant ones. Beside @entity1 , the influence on @entity9 release may be modulated by cytokines, especially @entity6 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: To evaluate the effects of @entity6 and @entity3 on modulation of @entity7 in pregnancy, we have examined the group of @entity0 with spontaneous delivery, and second group consists of @entity0 delivered after intravenous @entity2 infusion. All @entity0 were at term and in the same pregnancy age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood was sampled from a maternal peripheral vein days before labour, during the second stage of labour and on the second postnatal day, the levels of @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity9 , ACTH and @entity4 were measured. The concentrations of hormones were measured using RIA method. RESULTS: The level of @entity6 before the delivery was significantly higher in the group with @entity2 -induction. @entity9 concentration before the labour was much higher in the group with spontaneous contractions. The levels of @entity6 and @entity9 in both groups decreased during the labour and were lowest after the delivery. Concentration of @entity3 did not changed dependently of group and time of blood sampling. Changes in @entity9 in time concentration did not correlate with changes in ACTH levels. ACTH concentrations were similar in both groups, low before delivery raised during the delivery and low again after labour. @entity4 concentration in spontaneous labour was much lower before delivery in comparison with second examined group, then lowered during and after the delivery. In group with @entity2 induction, @entity4 levels raised during the delivery and maintained almost the same level after the labour. The time-changes in @entity6 concentration and ACTH and @entity4 levels were similar in shape in group with spontaneous delivery. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity3 is not involved in modulation of @entity7 in pregnancy at term. @entity6 may modulate mother's @entity7 , influencing the release of ACTH and @entity4 , probably via stimulation of hypothalamic @entity9 .

title: [Influence of @entity6 and @entity3 on modulation of @entity5 in pregnancy at term and in spontaneous and XXXX -induced delivery].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a common cause of neonatal @entity3 . A variety of operations have been used to treat this neurogenic form of @entity5 . This report describes an experience with a 1-stage abdominal and transanal pull-through operation in 15 @entity0 with @entity8 . METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 with @entity6 included 11 @entity0 and 4 @entity0 . Median age at diagnosis was 3 days, and median age of operation was 30 days. Diagnosis was confirmed by rectal biopsy. Biopsies to confirm the transition zone were performed intraabdominally through a left lower quadrant incision. A Swenson pull-through was performed via transanal dissection. RESULTS: There were no instances of @entity2 , wound @entity1 . All @entity0 survived. Two had @entity1 . Twelve of 15 @entity0 did well and had 2-3 bowel motions per day. One with @entity4 had @entity7 and required a colostomy. Two were lost to follow up. CONCLUSIONS: A one-stage transanal pull-through procedure in infancy is a safe alternative to staged procedures for @entity6 .

title: Swenson revisited: a one-stage, transanal pull-through procedure for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The incidence of non-thermophilic @entity6 species was assessed in an unselected population-based study in a mixed urban and rural community in North Jutland, Denmark. In a 2-year study period, 11,314 faecal samples from 8302 @entity0 with @entity4 were cultured with supplement of the filter method. We recovered a high incidence of @entity8 (annual incidence 35/100,000 inhabitants), almost as high as the common @entity6 /coli. In contrast, there was a very low incidence of other non-thermophilic @entity6 species, such as @entity6 upsaliensis. @entity8 was, unlike @entity6 /coli, found more frequently among small @entity0 (<1 year) and the elderly (>=  65 years). Around 10% of the @entity0 with C. consisus had @entity3 dominated by @entity5 and @entity7 , whereas @entity3 occurred in about 5% of @entity6 /coli @entity0 . We observed a seasonal variation in @entity6 /coli with a peak incidence in late summer months and autumn, whereas there was an almost constant monthly prevalence of @entity8 . Among @entity0 participating in a questionnaire sub-study, there was a higher degree of close contacts with animals, especially @entity2 , as well as a higher travel exposure among @entity6 /coli @entity0 compared with @entity8 @entity0 . We did not culture any @entity8 in stool samples from a small cohort of healthy individuals. Future studies have to focus on the clinical follow-up and the long-term risk of @entity1 in @entity8 -positive @entity0 . We conclude that there is a high incidence of @entity8 in Denmark.

title: High incidence of XXXX in @entity4 in North Jutland, Denmark: a population-based study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) subjects are more sensitive to nasal irritants than nonrhinitic (NR) subjects; however, the mechanism underlying this difference is unclear. This study sought to determine whether irritant-induced nasal congestion involves mast cell degranulation. Eight @entity0 and eight NR subjects were exposed to both 1.0 parts per million @entity1 and filtered air in separate visits; exposures were via nasal mask and lasted 15 min. Rhinomanometry was performed before, immediately after and 15 min after exposure. Following > or = 2 weeks, exposures and symptom reporting were repeated with nasal lavage, rather than rhinomanometry, pre- and postexposure. A separate substudy using rye grass antigen provided a positive control. Mast cell tryptase was measured in nasal lavage fluid from both substudies using an automated fluoroenzyme immunoassay. @entity1 provocation significantly increased nasal airway resistance in @entity0 but not NR subjects. Conversely, tryptase levels in nasal lavage fluid were unaffected. Nasal allergen challenge significantly increased both nasal obstruction and nasal lavage tryptase in @entity0 subjects. Irritant-induced nasal congestion is more pronounced among seasonal allergic rhinitic than nonrhinitic subjects. However, unlike nasal allergen challenge, the mechanism of response to @entity1 does not appear to involve mast cell degranulation.

title: XXXX inhalation produces nasal congestion in allergic rhinitics without mast cell degranulation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The United States Food and Drug Administration has changed its policy regarding product labeling of @entity1 MDIs. All @entity1 MDIs propelled by CFCs should be discarded at the discard point labeled on the canister and box. This policy is in transition with inconsistent product information given to @entity0 and physicians. Previously, @entity0 had been educated to replace the canister by observing its floating pattern in water. Now FDA labeling asks users to count the number of actuations. OBJECTIVE: To compare the discard point of sample and prescription-size Serevent (6.5 g and 13 g) and @entity3 84 DS (5.4 g and 12.2 g) canisters to their floating pattern and total number of actuations in the canisters. DESIGN: Seven canisters each of Serevent 6.5 g and 13 g as well as @entity3 84 DS 5.4 g and 12.2 g were shaken vigorously prior to actuation. One minute separated each actuation. The floating pattern was observed beginning at 80 percent of the discard point. This was repeated to the last actuation of the canister. RESULTS: The floating pattern (tilt point) indicative to replace the Serevent 6.5 g and 13 g canisters as well as @entity3 84 DS 5.4 g canister occurred after the discard point was reached. CONCLUSION: Floating patterns of the 6.5 g and 13 g Serevent inhaler as well as the 5.4 g @entity3 84 DS do not assist the @entity2 @entity0 in determining when to replace their canister. Because canisters have excess product and propellant beyond the labeled discard point, it may be possible for pharmaceutical companies to correlate the product's floating pattern to the drug concentration and particle size distribution up to and beyond the discard point. Through careful testing, floating patterns of MDIs may still be able to assist the @entity2 @entity0 in determining when to discard the canister.

title: When should your XXXX @entity0 refill their MDI propelled with chlorofluorocarbons?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this work was to correlate @entity5 ( @entity5 ) patterns and thyroid histology in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 . Sixteen @entity0 with relapsed @entity4 were studied. Before starting a new cycle of medical therapy with @entity6 in decreasing doses for 3 to 6 months (baseline study), the @entity0 underwent functional, autoimmune, and @entity5 studies. The same studies were carried out again just before surgery (presurgical study) after medical therapy had produced a normalization of thyroid hormone serum levels. The thyroid glands were histologically examined and their patterns were compared with @entity5 patterns. Thirty-three normal subjects were used as a control group. At baseline, 6 @entity0 (group I) had intraparenchymal homogeneous vascular color spots or diffusely distributed over the parenchyma lobe or in areas alternating with avascular zones ( @entity5 -A pattern). In 8 @entity0 (group II) the thyroid had vascular bands with avascular or poorly vascularized parenchymal areas ( @entity5 -B pattern). In 2 @entity0 , the 2 patterns were present in the same thyroid (A-B pattern or mixed pattern). In these 2 @entity0 the histological aspects were more similar to the @entity5 -B pattern than the @entity5 -A pattern. The 2 groups of @entity0 differed in the velocity of systolic peak (VP) that was significantly higher in group I than in group II. In the presurgical study, no changes relative to @entity5 patterns were observed in @entity0 groups I and II. The VP did not show any appreciable modifications in either group of @entity0 . The thyrotropin-stimulating antibodies (TRAb) returned to normal levels in group II, but not in group I. The 2 @entity5 patterns, observed in the baseline study, were histologically characterized either by a richly vascularized parenchyma with @entity2 ( @entity7 , @entity5 -A) or by fibrotic septation with prevalent @entity1 ( @entity5 -B). In conclusion, this @entity5 study in @entity4 @entity0 showed 2 distinct vascular patterns. The thyroid glands were histologically characterized by either a richly capillary vascularized parenchyma ( @entity7 , @entity5 -A aspect) or by fibrotic septation with prevalent @entity2 ( @entity7 , @entity5 -B aspect). Such differences may be secondary to a different duration of @entity3 and/or intensity of TRAb thyroid stimulation.

title: Color Doppler sonography patterns related to histological findings in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The present study investigates the receptor and mechanisms involved in @entity0 -stimulated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) mRNA expression of a type-2 astrocyte cell line, RBA-2. RT-PCR analysis revealed that RBA-2 type-2 astrocytes possess abundant @entity10 and @entity11 (7) receptors. @entity0 and @entity11 (7) receptor-sensitive agonist, @entity9 , both stimulated @entity4 mRNA expression in a time and dose-dependent manner. The stimulation required a minimum of 500 muM @entity0 ; @entity9 was much more potent that @entity0 , and @entity11 (7)-selective antagonist, @entity12 , inhibited the effects. In addition, @entity0 metabolites @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity2 were ineffective in stimulation of @entity4 mRNA expression. Thus, the effect of @entity0 was mediated through the P2X(7) receptors. To investigate further the mechanisms by which the P2X(7) receptor mediated the @entity4 mRNA expression, the cells were treated with inhibitors for mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity6 or @entity8 , respectively. Both @entity6 and @entity8 inhibited the @entity0 -stimulated @entity4 mRNA expression. Furthermore, @entity0 and @entity9 stimulated @entity5 activation and the activation was inhibited by @entity7 inhibitors, @entity8 and G  6976. In conclusion, activation of P2X(7) receptors enhanced @entity4 mRNA expression and the effect involved @entity7 /MAPK signalling pathway in RBA-2 type-2 astrocytes.

title: Activation of P2X7 purinoceptor-stimulated XXXX mRNA expression involves @entity7 /MAPK signalling pathway in a rat brain-derived type-2 astrocyte cell line, RBA-2.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Seventy-three @entity0 were treated with either intrafocal pinning (Kapandji technique) alone or in combination with external fixation between 1988 and 1993 for extra-articular @entity2 of the distal radius (with or without a nondisplaced extension into the radiocarpal articular surface) with inadequate alignment after initial closed reduction. Sixty-one @entity0 were available for follow-up examination at an average of 34 months (range, 24-71 months). The average age was 52 years (range, 16-84 years). Thirty-three of the @entity0 were female. The @entity0 all had dorsally displaced extra-articular @entity2 , although 56% had a nondisplaced extension of the @entity2 into the radiocarpal joint and 46% had a nondisplaced @entity2 extending into the distal radioulnar joint. The @entity0 were separated into groups based on age, degree of comminution, and whether external fixation was also used. In the older @entity0 , range of motion, grip strength, and @entity1 relief were significantly better when external fixation was used, even when only 1 cortex of the radius demonstrated comminution. In the younger @entity0 , good results in terms of range of motion, grip strength, and @entity1 relief were obtained when percutaneous intrafocal pins were used alone in @entity0 with comminution of only 1 surface of the radius (<50% of the metaphyseal diameter). When > or = 2 sides of the radial metaphysis were comminuted, the @entity0 with external fixation had better results than those without external fixation. Although the correction of palmar tilt and radial tilt did result in better functional results, the restoration of radial length had the most significant effect on range of motion and grip strength.

title: Intrafocal (Kapandji) pinning of distal radius XXXX with and without external fixation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: After a brief review of the anatomic and physiological features of the microcirculatory system, the Authors describe a new interpretation of skin @entity1 in acute diffuse infantile @entity10 , in Henoch-Sch  nlein's purpura, in @entity15 and in @entity9 . They attribute the cellular swelling typical of elastic @entity1 of these diseases to @entity12 due to reduced tissue perfusion following insufficient circulation in real capillaries. The ensuring drop in energy is rapidly resolved by use of very small doses of a @entity7 antagonist, @entity14 , which also affects hemorheology. The Authors refer to works which regard the microcirculatory hypothesis in encephalic pathology (similar to that arising in subjects who live at high altitudes where @entity2 is scarce), in cranial @entity4 and in @entity5 . The Authors describe the surprising find, following a fortuitous observation, that in certain forms of hepato-splenomegaly--among which a case of @entity6 and initial @entity3 --three hours after the administration of doses of @entity14 ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg, the liver and spleen considerably reduced in volume, followed by the @entity0 ' ensuing excellent general conditions and functionality of their organs. The article then references many other Authors who in the course of time have acknowledged the fact that @entity8 stimulates proliferation, even of osteoblasts. Mention is made of the fact that many medications and therapeutic measures may cause vasoconstriction at microcirculatory system level, similarly to several antineoplastic drugs, X-rays, hyperbaric @entity2 treatment, as well as @entity4 , low environmental temperatures and surgical operations. For this reason, in order to contrast vasoconstriction in many pathological conditions and in certain therapies, the Authors suggest the addition of the use of @entity7 antagonists to usual therapy. This conclusion is reached in consideration of the fundamental fact that the @entity13 arising in the hypoperfused tissue areas allow an accumulation of @entity11 , mainly deriving from protein disgregation, used with a low consumption of energy to synthesize a great number of simplified proteins. Final reference is made to the concept expressed on @entity8 and simplified structural proliferation in an article published in "Medical Hypotheses" of 1995 referring to neoplastic promotion.

title: [Compromised tissue perfusion for defective microcirculation in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess efficacy, stability and safety of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation with STAAR Visian ICL for correction of high @entity4 , with a mean follow-up of 5 years (3.5-10 years). @entity0 AND METHODS: Ninety eyes of 53 highly ametropic @entity0 (45 @entity3 , ten @entity5 and 35 with mixed @entity2 ) were included in a retrospective single-surgeon study, using primarily the V4 ICL model (87 eyes). We studied pre- and postoperative refractive efficacy, endothelial cell density, crystalline lens opacification and intraocular clearances within the various compartments of the eye. RESULTS: Mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.77 at the 12th postoperative month; 17 of 90 eyes required adjunctive photoablation for residual @entity2 . Forty-eight percent of eyes gained at least one line of best corrected visual acuity. After implantation, the decrease in endothelial cell density remained stable at 0.69%/year, and 91% of eyes showed no opacification of the crystalline lens. Mean endothelium-ICL and ICL-crystalline lens distances were 2.41 mm and 0.52 mm respectively. Overall @entity0 satisfaction achieved was 96% at 36 months postoperatively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate efficacy, stability and safety of the ICL V4 phakic IOL for the correction of high @entity4 . Long-term follow-up did not show a significant increase in @entity1 formation in implanted eyes.

title: [Long-term results of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for correction of high XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The tRNA glycylation system is amongst the most complex aminoacylation systems since neither the oligomeric structure of the enzymes nor the discriminator base in tRNAs are conserved in the phylae. To understand better this structural diversity and its functional consequences, the prokaryotic glycylation system from @entity5 , an extreme thermophile, was investigated and its structural and functional inter-relations with those of other origins analyzed. Alignments of the protein sequence of the dimeric thermophilic glycyl-tRNA synthetase ( @entity4 -tRNA synthetase) derived from its gene with sequences of other dimeric @entity4 -tRNA synthetases revealed an atypical character of motif 1 in all these class 2 synthetases. Interestingly, the sequence of the prokaryotic thermophilic enzyme resembles eukaryotic and archaebacterial @entity4 -tRNA synthetases, which are all dimeric, and diverges drastically from the tetrameric enzymes from other prokaryotes. Cross aminoacylations with tRNAs and synthetases of different origins provided information about functional interrelations between the glycylation systems. Efficient glycylations involving partners from @entity5 and @entity2 showed conservation of the recognition process in prokaryotes despite strong structural variations of the synthetases. However, @entity4 -tRNA synthetase from @entity5 acylates eukaryotic tRNA( @entity4 ) while the charging ability of the @entity2 enzyme is restricted to prokaryotic tRNA( @entity4 ). A similar behaviour is found in eukaryotic systems where the restricted species specificity for tRNA glycylation of @entity0 @entity4 -tRNA synthetase contrasts with the relaxed specificity of the @entity1 enzyme. The consensus sequence of the tRNAs charged by the various @entity4 -tRNA synthetases reveals conservation of only G1-C72 in the acceptor arm, C35 and C36 in the anticodon, and the (G10-Y25)-G45 triplet involved in tRNA folding. Conservation of these nucleotides indicates their key role in glycylation and suggests that they were part of the ancestral @entity3 identity set. These features are discussed in the context of the phylogenic connections between prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaebacteria, and of the particular place of @entity5 in this phylogeny.

title: Glycyl-tRNA synthetase from XXXX --wide structural divergence with other prokaryotic glycyl-tRNA synthetases and functional inter-relation with prokaryotic and eukaryotic glycylation systems.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) are life-threatening manifestations of @entity5 , occurring when a @entity8 forms at the site of @entity9 or fissuring. Almost all @entity0 discharged from the hospital after an @entity10 ( @entity7 or @entity13 ) in the United States receive antiplatelet therapy. Current recommendations for post- @entity10 antiplatelet therapy are @entity4 75 to 162 mg/day indefinitely for all @entity0 , plus a @entity15 (currently @entity12 75 mg/day) for > or = 12 months in those receiving stents unless there is a high risk of @entity6 . Dual antiplatelet therapy is indicated because @entity0 with @entity10 have a @entity1 state which persists for at least 6 months after the acute event, and agents targeting different mechanisms have synergistic antiplatelet effects. The @entity15 class includes @entity11 , @entity12 , and @entity16 . @entity12 is recommended in guidelines because @entity11 carries a higher risk of adverse events including @entity14 . @entity16 is not yet available outside of a research setting. @entity12 + @entity4 reduces the risk of an adverse clinical event after @entity10 by 15% and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by 34%. However, there is considerable interpatient variability in response to @entity12 and a mean of 21% of @entity0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 17 % - 25%) are nonresponsive to the drug as measured by platelet aggregation inhibition. Nonresponsiveness is associated with an increased risk of secondary @entity2 events. Compared with @entity12 , the newest @entity15 , @entity16 , has a faster onset of platelet inhibition and less variability of response. In clinical trials, the combination of @entity16 + @entity4 reduced the risk of a second @entity2 event by 19% compared with @entity12 + @entity4 . There is a small increase in the risk of @entity6 with dual antiplatelet therapy, but the benefit still outweighs the risk in most @entity0 . @entity0 with a history of transient @entity2 attack or @entity3 should not receive @entity16 + @entity4 because of increased risk of events.

title: The potential role of @entity16 in secondary prevention of @entity2 events in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is endemic within domestic @entity0 populations. Yellow semen is of lower quality and, when used for insemination, results in reduced fertility and hatchability. Little is known about the etiology of @entity2 . The aim of this study was to compare the proteome of white and yellow seminal plasma of @entity0 using 1) 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to quantify seminal plasma proteins and 2) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to identify the proteins that are differentially abundant in white and yellow seminal plasma. A total of 49 protein spots (30 upregulated and 19 downregulated) were differentially expressed in yellow seminal plasma compared with white seminal plasma. Transthyretin and serum albumin-like showed a 3-fold increase in seminal plasma from males with @entity2 , and the latter was validated using Western blot analysis. A 3-fold increase was observed for @entity3 -like and immunoglobulin light chain V-J-C region. Pantetheinase-like showed a 1.3-fold increase. Ovotransferrin, hepatocyte growth factor activator, @entity1 -rich secretory protein 3-like, and ferritin heavy chain-like showed a significant decrease (at least a 1.3-fold decrease) in yellow semen. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the precise function of the above-mentioned proteins in @entity2 and to establish quality markers of @entity0 semen to predict the reproductive potential of individual @entity0 .

title: Proteomic analysis of white and yellow seminal plasma in XXXX ().

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been an important complication of cardiac surgery over the years. @entity3 can affect quality of life and lead to social, functional, emotional, and financial problems in the @entity0 's life. To reduce @entity2 , we sought to identify the association between @entity2 and perioperative factors in @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: One hundred one @entity0 aged between 45 and 75 years undergoing elective cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. All the surgeries were performed on-pump by the same medical team. A brief @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was administered before surgery, 3 to 5 days after the surgery, and 3 months after discharge. All related perioperative parameters were collected in order to study the effect of these parameters on the postoperative @entity8 scores and @entity8 score change. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 101 @entity0 , comprising 14 (13.8%) females and 87 (86.2%) males aged between 45 and 75 years. In univariate analysis, the baseline @entity8 score, serum levels of @entity4 dehydrogenase and T3, cross-clamp time, and preexistence of @entity6 showed significant effects on the postoperative @entity8 score (p value < 0.05), whereas only the baseline @entity8 score and @entity6 showed strong effects on the postoperative @entity8 score in the multiple regression model. In addition, the multiple regression model demonstrated a significant association between the baseline @entity8 score, serum @entity5 level, and @entity7 administration and the @entity8 score change. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that preexisting @entity6 and preoperative high serum @entity5 levels negatively affected cognitive function after surgery. In addition, there was a strong relationship between the @entity0 ' basic cognition and @entity2 . Preoperative @entity7 administration led to a significant improvement in @entity2 . It is also concluded that the preoperative administration of specific medicines like @entity9 can reduce @entity1 after cardiac surgery.

title: Association between Perioperative Parameters and XXXX in Post-Cardiac Surgery @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity6 is rare in the general population, and may be associated with significant additional @entity2 . We aimed to identify the prevalence and patterns of additional @entity2 , as well as the associated long-term morbidity and mortality, in adult @entity0 with @entity6 , in a specialised @entity2 ( @entity2 ) service. METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity0 with @entity6 managed by our tertiary @entity2 service, since January 2000, was performed. Medical records were reviewed and the National Death Index was consulted to confirm survival status. RESULTS: Of 3698 adults in our @entity2 Service, 19 (0.5%) had @entity6 . Mean follow-up duration was 7  7.5 years. The mean age at last review was 36.8  10.5 years (range 20-63 years). Situs was solitus in 14 (74%) and inversus in five (26%). Eleven @entity0 (58%) had functional single ventricles, of whom five had atrioventricular (AV)-ventriculoarterial (VA) discordance and two had VA discordance only. Four @entity0 with two ventricles had AV-VA discordance. All @entity0 had at least one additional @entity2 . Fourteen @entity0 (74%) required surgical intervention. Eleven @entity0 (58%) underwent a Fontan-type operation. Five @entity0 (26%) required ablation procedures for @entity4 . One @entity0 had @entity3 and two @entity1 occurred, both in @entity0 who also had AV-VA discordance. CONCLUSION: @entity6 remains a rare finding in adults, even in a highly select group of @entity0 with known @entity2 . Those with associated @entity5 are likely to have complex lesions, which may require multiple surgical and medical interventions. Despite this, our series demonstrated that @entity0 surviving to adulthood and then managed in an @entity2 centre may have good medium-term survival.

title: @entity6 in Adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Splenectomy has traditionally been considered as a standard first line treatment for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) conferring a survival advantage over chemotherapy. However it carries significant complications, especially in elderly @entity0 . The purpose of this retrospective study was to report our experience on the efficacy of Rituximab as first line treatment in 16 consecutive @entity4 @entity0 , diagnosed in our department. The diagnosis was established using standard criteria. @entity0 ' median age was 57 years (range, 48-78). Prior to treatment initiation all @entity0 had @entity1 , nine had @entity2 , @entity6 , five @entity5 and six @entity3 . Rituximab was administered at a dose of 375 mg/m2/week for 6 consecutive weeks. The overall response rate was 100%. After treatment, all @entity0 had a complete resolution of @entity1 along with restoration of their blood counts. Eleven @entity0 (69%) achieved a CR, three (19%) unconfirmed CR and two (12%) a PR. Among the complete responders seven @entity0 had also a molecular remission. The median time to clinical response was 3 weeks (range, 2-6). Rituximab maintenance was given to 12 @entity0 . Eleven of them had no evidence of disease progression after a median follow-up time of 28.5 months (range, 14-36), while two out of four @entity0 who did not receive maintenance, relapsed 7 and 24 months after the completion of induction treatment. Median follow-up time for the entire series was 29.5 months (range, 15-81). No deaths were recorded during the follow-up period. Therapy was well tolerated. The present study demonstrates that rituximab is an effective treatment for @entity4 and could be considered as a substitute or alternative to splenectomy.

title: Rituximab monotherapy is highly effective in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: It is now possible to measure bone mass with highly precise, safe and noninvasive technology. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can detect @entity5 well before it becomes evident by conventional X-rays or by @entity2 . Because measurement of bone density is the single most important predictor of @entity2 risk, it is a critically important tool to apply to the population at risk, which includes @entity0 who have definable risk factors for @entity1 , such as the menopause, as well as those with a family history of @entity1 , life-long low @entity4 intake, smoking, extreme @entity6 , @entity3 , certain diseases and medications. Central DXA machines measure bone mass of the lumbar spine and hip region, the most important potential @entity2 sites. At the present time, the number of DXA machines in the United States is inadequate to detect the entire population at risk. Even if there were a sufficient number of DXA machines, lack of insurance reimbursement would limit their use. These restraints are beginning to be better defined, if not moderated, by the Bone Mass Measurement Act of 1998. With insufficient numbers of DXA machines and their heavy localization to major urban medical centers, peripheral devices have been developed. Using DXA technology, these peripheral devices can measure densities in the distal forearm, the middle phalangeal bone, and the heel. Ultrasound technology has also been developed to measure bone density of the tibia and the heel. The peripheral densitometers, in general, have the advantage of smaller size, lower cost, and portability. A very controversial issue, however, is whether measurement at a peripheral site provides sufficiently accurate information about bone mass at more important central sites to be generally reliable. Nevertheless, they have great potential in helping to detect the large numbers of @entity0 at risk for @entity1 . Eventually, however, central measurements of bone mass will be needed, especially for monitoring of therapy, so that central measurements of bone mass by DXA are still the "gold standard" in the field at this time.

title: Bone mass measurement in identification of XXXX at risk for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left-ventricular diverticulum (LD) associated with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is extremely rare. We have not found any previous reports of the coexistence of these two @entity2 . Such an association presenting with @entity4 mimicking an @entity6 with @entity5 or a @entity3 with @entity4 is difficult to differentiate clinically. Here, we discuss several diseases characterized by left-ventricular apical protrusion with @entity4 to familiarize clinicians with the differential diagnosis of these diseases. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old @entity0 was referred to our hospital because of complaints of @entity4 and dyspnoea, mainly on exertion. An electrocardiograph on admission showed a q-wave in lead I, a Q-wave in lead aVL, and an abnormal T-wave in the limb leads and leads V4 to V6. A transthoracic echocardiograph revealed a @entity7 and a protrusion arising from the apex of the left ventricle. The diagnosis on admission was @entity7 and @entity1 with @entity6 . To evaluate the source of the @entity4 , further evaluations were performed. Coronary angiography showed no abnormal findings. Left ventriculography confirmed the presence of an apical contractile out-pouching. Based on these findings, we revised the diagnosis as LD associated with @entity7 . The @entity0 underwent transcatheter occlusion of the @entity7 and was discharged 3  days later. Unexpectedly, transcatheter occlusion resolved the paroxysmal @entity4 in this case. CONCLUSION: This is the first case report of LD combined with @entity7 . @entity7 should be considered in the list of differential diagnosis of @entity4 . Several diseases characterized by left-ventricular apical protrusion with @entity4 , such as LD, @entity6 and @entity3 , can be misdiagnosed as one another. Therefore, it is important to familiarize clinicians with the differential diagnosis of these diseases.

title: Adult left-ventricular diverticulum and @entity7 misdiagnosed as XXXX with @entity6 : a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nefopam is a non-opioid, non-steroidal, centrally acting analgesic drug used to prevent @entity2 , primarily in the context of multimodal @entity4 . This paper reviews preclinical and clinical studies in which nefopam has been combined with opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds, and @entity5 . The focus of this report is the literature during the last decade and a discussion of translational efforts between animal and clinical studies in the context of multimodal or balanced @entity4 . In preclinical rodent models of acute and @entity1 , nefopam combinations including opioids revealed a synergistic interaction or enhanced @entity3 @entity4 in 6 out of 7 studies. Nefopam combinations including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( @entity0 , @entity6 or @entity7 ) or @entity5 likewise showed enhanced analgesic effects for the associated compound in all instances. Clinical studies have been performed in various types of surgeries involving different @entity1 intensities. Nefopam combinations including opioids resulted in a reduction in @entity3 consumption in 8 out of 10 studies of severe or moderate @entity1 . Nefopam combinations including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( @entity6 or @entity8 ) or @entity5 also demonstrated a synergic interaction or an enhancement of the analgesic effect of the associated compound. In conclusion, this review of nefopam combinations including various analgesic drugs (opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and @entity5 ) reveals that enhanced @entity4 was demonstrated in most preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting a role for nefopam in multimodal @entity4 based on its distinct characteristics as an analgesic. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the analgesic effects of nefopam combinations including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Nefopam XXXX and its role in multimodal @entity4 : A review of preclinical and clinical studies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of rare intradural @entity9 is 3 to 10 per 100,000 of population. Open bilateral laminectomy with partial or total facet removal is the standard surgical access for gross total resection (GTR) of such @entity1 . Retrospective studies in adults revealed that for @entity0 operated with bilateral laminectomy as well with less invasive procedures, the risk of developing @entity5 or worsening @entity4 is still significant. The this study describes integration of Minimally invasive Spine Surgery (MISS) techniques with preoperative MRI data and intraoperative 3 dimensional fluoroscopic images with the aim of planning skin incision according to a precise transmuscular trajectory, thus tailoring @entity1 access with minimal bone resection in @entity0 with intradural extramedullary lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 45 consecutive surgical cases of @entity1 was carried out. Seven @entity0 operated for intradural extramedullary @entity1 using the image merged guided MISS were selected. Preoperative MRI and intraoperative 3D fluoroscopic data were manually merged using Synergy Cranial 2.2 software and Stealth Merge 1.2. Accuracy of manual image merging was verified with anatomic landmarks as references. After a 3D fluoroscopic image acquisition using the merged data, a skin incision was planned according to the chosen entry point and the transmuscular trajectory was optimised for @entity1 access. Under microscopic and neuronavigation guidance, tailored bone resection and lesion removal were carried out. RESULTS: From December 2012 to August 2014, we performed MISS removal of intradural extramedullary spine @entity1 in seven @entity0 , four male and three female as described above. Pre-operative Nurick score was 3 in three @entity0 , 1 in two @entity0 and 0 in other two cases. One @entity0 presented with local @entity8 that regressed in the immediate postoperative period. Follow up ranges from 2 to 14months (average 5.8months). Follow up neurological Nurick scores recording reveals a favorable neurological outcome with a score of 0 in six @entity0 . Any @entity0 showed postoperative @entity2 . Only one @entity0 with a resected L1 @entity7 complains of postoperative @entity6 , which is responsive to medical treatment. MRI confirms GTR in all cases. CONCLUSION: The goal of treatment of intradural extramedullary lesions ismaximum @entity1 resection, adapting surgical approach to minimise manipulation of neural structures and reducing bone resection without comprising @entity1 resection. Image merged guided MISS is a safe and feasible procedure for @entity1 removal in @entity0 with intradural extramedullary @entity1 . In the present study, we demonstrate that this technique allows the surgeon to define entry point, to tailor transmuscular trajectory and @entity1 access while minimizing bone removal and achieving GTR of @entity3 .

title: Image merged guided spine surgery for XXXX : Retrospective series of 7 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Flow cytometry provides a powerful tool to assess cells in G0/G1, S and G2/M phase and ploidy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between diffusion tensor (DTI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI metrics with cell cycle analysis findings in @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We studied thirty @entity0 who were operated on for @entity2 . DTI and DSC MRI were performed within a week prior to surgical excision. Lesion/normal ratios were calculated for the ADC, FA and rCBV. In an excised @entity1 sample flow cytometric analysis was performed. RESULTS: There were 24 @entity4 , 2 @entity5 , 1 @entity5 and 3 diffuse @entity5 . There were significant differences between low and high-grade @entity2 for rCBV and ADC values. Low grade @entity1 had higher G0/G1 phase fraction and lower S-phase, G2/M, S+G2/M and S+G2/M/G0/G1 fractions There was a significant negative correlation between rCBV and G0/G1 phase fraction and a positive correlation with G2/M, S+G2/M and the S+G2/M/G0/G1 fraction. Significant correlation was also observed between FA ratio and S+G2/M/G0/G1. There was a negative significant correlation between ADC and S+G2/M and the S+G2/M/G0/G1 fraction. There were 21 (70%) diploid and 9 (30%) @entity1 . No significant difference was found between diploid and @entity1 with respect to rCBV, ADC and FA values. CONCLUSION: Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI and diffusion tensor imaging metrics are correlated to @entity1 @entity3 as assessed by cell cycle analysis.

title: Correlation of diffusion tensor and dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI with DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 and @entity3 are still a major cause of mortality amongst @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In this study, we evaluated the Clinitek-Microalbumin (CM) screening test strip for the detection of microalbuminuria (MA) in a random morning spot urine in comparison with the quantitative assessment of @entity4 in the timed overnight urine collection ("gold standard"). One hundred thirty-four @entity0 , adolescents, and young adults with insulin-dependent @entity1 Type 1 were studied at 222 outpatient visits. Because of @entity2 and/or haematuria, the data of 13 visits were excluded. Finally, 165 timed overnight urine were collected in the remaining 209 visits (79% sample per visit rate). Ten (6.1%) @entity0 presented MA of > or =15 microg/min. In comparison however, 200 spot urine could be screened (96% sample/visit rate) yielding a significant increase in compliance and screening rate (P<.001, McNemar test). Furthermore, at 156 occasions, the gold standard and CM could be directly compared. The sensitivity and the specificity for CM in the spot urine (cut-off > or =30 mg albumin/l) were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.99] and 0.73 (CI 0.66-0.80), respectively. The positive and negative predictive value were 0.17 (CI 0.08-0.30) and 0.99 (CI 0.95-1.00), respectively. Considering CM albumin-to- @entity5 ratio, the results were poorer than with the albumin concentration alone. Using CM instead of quantitative assessment of @entity4 is not cost-effective (35 US dollars versus 60 US dollars/ @entity0 /year). In conclusion, to exclude MA, the CM used in the random spot urine is reliable and easy to handle, but positive screening results of > or =30 mg albumin/l must be confirmed by analyses in the timed overnight collected urine. Although the screening compliance is improved, in terms of analysing random morning spot urine for MA, we cannot recommend CM in a paediatric @entity1 outpatient setting because the specificity is far too low.

title: Microalbuminuria in XXXX : efficacy of a new screening method in comparison with timed overnight urine collection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In anesthetized spontaneously breathing @entity1 , @entity18 caused dose-dependent periods of @entity2 and, at high doses, @entity9 . In artificially ventilated @entity1 , i.v. @entity18 caused complex dose-related cardiovascular changes consisting of: (1) @entity6 ; (2) triphasic blood pressure changes, sequentially characterized by depressor/pressor/depressor phases; (3) @entity5 including @entity10 ; (4) muscle @entity12 . Prevention of @entity6 by @entity14 , vagotomy or ganglionic blockage unmasked a tachycardic action of the toxin. Ganglionic blockade, but not @entity14 or vagotomy, reduced the initial depressor effect of toxin. @entity15 prevented the toxin-induced @entity3 and secondary @entity0 . @entity7 prevented the tachycardic and late depressor effects of toxin. In reserpinized @entity1 , low doses of toxin caused muscle @entity12 but none of the above cardiovascular effects; large doses caused @entity6 preventable by @entity14 , but not by vagotomy or @entity17 . These results suggest that @entity18 : elicits the Bezold-Jarisch effect, i.e. @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity2 ; releases @entity11 , probably adrenal @entity8 , causing tachycardic, secondary pressor and late depressor effects; in large doses, releases vagal @entity4 ; -induced @entity13 and @entity4 release is not nicotinic; produces effects, like those reported for @entity16 , attributable to a common action on excitable membranes.

title: Cardiovascular effects of brevetoxins in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The gut microbiota has been implicated in @entity1 and its progression towards @entity2 . Dietary interventions that target the gut microbiota have been suggested to improve metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interventions with @entity4 F19 or flaxseed mucilage on the gut microbiota and metabolic risk markers in @entity1 . A total of fifty-eight @entity1 postmenopausal @entity0 were randomised to a single-blinded, parallel-group intervention of 6-week duration, with a daily intake of either @entity4 F19 (9  4  *  1010 colony-forming units), flaxseed mucilage (10  g) or placebo. Quantitative metagenomic analysis of faecal DNA was performed to identify the changes in the gut microbiota. Diet-induced changes in metabolic markers were explored using adjusted linear regression models. The intake of flaxseed mucilage over 6 weeks led to a reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin release during an oral @entity3 tolerance test (P<  0  05) and improved insulin sensitivity measured by Matsuda index (P<  0  05). Comparison of gut microbiota composition at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention with flaxseed mucilage showed alterations in abundance of thirty-three metagenomic species (P<  0  01), including decreased relative abundance of eight Faecalibacterium species. These changes in the microbiota could not explain the effect of flaxseed mucilage on insulin sensitivity. The intake of @entity4 F19 did not modulate metabolic markers compared with placebo. In conclusion, flaxseed mucilage improves insulin sensitivity and alters the gut microbiota; however, the improvement in insulin sensitivity was not mediated by the observed changes in relative abundance of bacterial species.

title: Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota - a randomised controlled trial in XXXX postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characteristics of mesenteric @entity5 (MAE) and mesenteric arterial @entity2 (MAT), and to clarify the diagnosis and treatment status of MAE and MAT in China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 111 cases suffering from MAE or MAT was performed. Data of these cases were collected from Chinese Journal Full-text Database from 1994 to 2006. RESULTS: There were 61 cases (54.9%) with MAE and 50 cases (45.1%) with MAT. Fifty-two @entity0 (46.8%) had @entity4 . Ninety-seven cases (87.4%) were diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy or autopsy, and 14 cases (12.6%) by imageology. @entity3 or @entity2 in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) accounted for 92.8%, 4.5% in @entity6 plus inferior mesenteric artery. 15.2%(14/92) @entity1 were located in jejunum or ileum, 39.1%(36/92) in jejunum and ileum, 38.0%(35/92) in jejunum, ileum and colon. Thrombolysis or anticoagulation in artery were operated in 7 cases(6.3%). Extraction of @entity3 or @entity2 in operation were implemented in 18 cases(16.2%). Intestinal resection were finished in 76 cases(68.5%). Sixty-eight @entity0 (61.3%) were misdiagnosed. Sixty-three cases (60.6%) died. CONCLUSION: The manifestation of MAE or MAT is quite complicated and changeable, so that many cases are misdiagnosed. The clinic and image characteristics of MAE and MAT have not been well known by doctors.

title: [Meta-analysis of mesenteric @entity5 or mesenteric arterial XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the @entity3 control programme, 75 @entity0 affected by @entity3 , in three different geographical areas, were investigated. Each @entity0 was documented as having anaesthesia to the 10 g monofilament. The study sought to determine why some @entity0 developed @entity1 whilst others did not. According to the records, 43 had an @entity1 during the last 5 years but 32 had never had an @entity1 . In order to examine protective sensation on the sole of the foot, various sensory modalities were tested and the functional anatomy of the foot was examined. The results showed, as may be expected, that it is not possible to define a specific threshold for protective sensation that could be applied to all cases. Some @entity0 with only slightly diminished sensation developed @entity1 , while many others with almost complete anaesthesia remained @entity1 -free. In these rural communities, being a farmer reduced the risk of developing an @entity1 , but no other demographic features were significant. Graded monofilaments were found to be the most appropriate test, with @entity2 at any of five points tested being a 'positive' result. The 10 g filament was the most sensitive, but only 43% of feet identified by this test actually developed an @entity1 . As @entity0 with partial @entity2 were excluded from this study, this figure may be lower under programme conditions. The 50 g and 100 g filaments decrease the number of feet identified as at risk, but increase the percentage which actually develop an @entity1 , to 46% and 49%, respectively. An appropriate test for selecting those for special programmes which may have a limited capacity, for example the provision of subsidized footwear or involvement in self-care groups, would be a 100 g filament, which would detect 86% of those feet likely to develop an @entity1 , while reducing the number of those selected who are not at great risk. Vibrometry was found to be no better than graded filaments and an examination of functional anatomy did not help in identifying those at risk.

title: Can XXXX affected by @entity3 at risk of developing plantar ulcers be identified? A field study from central Ethiopia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Altered miRNA expression, a typical feature of many @entity1 , is reportedly associated with prognosis according to several studies. Although numerous studies on miRNAs in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have also attempted to identify prognostic biomarkers, more large-scale clinical studies are needed to establish the clinical significance of the results. Present study aimed to identify prognosis related molecular subtypes of primary @entity1 using miRNA expression profiling. METHODS: Expression profiles of 1,733 miRNAs were obtained by using microarray analysis of 104 @entity2 of Korean @entity0 . To detect subgroups informative in predicting the @entity0 's prognosis, we applied unsupervised clustering methods and then analyzed the association of the molecular subgroups with survival time. Then, we constructed a classifier to predict the subgroup using penalized regression models. RESULTS: We have determined three @entity4 @entity1 subtypes associated with prognosis based on miRNA expression profiles. These subtypes showed significantly different survival time for @entity0 with the same clinical conditions. This demonstrates that our prognostic molecular subgroup has independent prognostic utility. The molecular subtypes can be predicted with a classifier of 19 miRNAs. Of the 19 signature miRNAs, miR-106b-star, @entity7 -3p, and @entity8 were related to a @entity3 canonical pathway, and @entity7 , miR-145-5p, miR-26b-5p, and @entity6 were related to a @entity5 centered pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our prognostic molecular subtypes demonstrated that miRNA profiles could be used as prognostic markers. Additionally, we have constructed a classifier that may be used to determine the molecular subgroup of new @entity0 sample data. Further studies are needed for validation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Molecular subtypes of XXXX based on miRNA expression profiles have independent prognostic value.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The study was aimed to examine the appropriateness of using the Mini Nutritional Assessment to screen for risk of under- and over-nutrition in adults with @entity2 . BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity2 are at increased risk of @entity3 , but routine monitoring of their nutritional conditions are not widely done. DESIGN: The study purposively recruited 104 institutionalised adults (>= 19 years old) with @entity2 to serve as @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 were interviewed with a structured questionnaire to elicit personal data, health-related information and answers to items in the Activities of Daily Living and the Mini Nutritional Assessment scales and measured for anthropometrics. Biochemical data were taken from their routine medical measurements. Each subject was graded with the Mini Nutritional Assessment that adopted Taiwanese-specific anthropometric cut-off points (T1) and an alternative version that omitted the body mass index item (T2). RESULTS: Both Mini Nutritional Assessment versions were able indentifying individuals at risk of @entity3 among adults with @entity2 and rated comparable proportions of @entity0 malnourished (6  7 and 5  8% for Mini Nutritional Assessment-T1 and Mini Nutritional Assessment-T2, respectively) or at risk of @entity3 (14  4 and 17  3%, respectively). @entity0 with @entity1 were at greater risk of malnourishment than @entity0 with other disabilities. CONCLUSION: The Mini Nutritional Assessment is appropriate for screening for under- and over-nutrition in adults with @entity2 . The Mini Nutritional Assessment (especially the version without body mass index) can make routine monitoring of nutritional status of these @entity0 an easier task. However, further studies are needed to develop subtype-specific versions (tools) as various subtypes of @entity2 are associated with different nutritional problems. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The Mini Nutritional Assessment can serve as a tool for routine screening for under- and over-nutrition in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is useful for assessing the risk of XXXX in adults with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate reliability of Trans-rectal ultra-sonography (TRUS) guidance with @entity2 injection for prostate localization before radiotherapy planning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 1997 to March 2000, 31 @entity0 with @entity1 and six @entity0 with anastomotic recurrence after radical prostatectomy had TRUS-guided injection of @entity2 . Two milliliters of @entity2 were injected into each side of the prostate and 1 ml into both seminal vesicles with a 22 Gauge CHIBA needle and US probe guide before radiotherapy planning. We had established a contrast quality index (0 for no prostate enhancement to 5 for efficient pacification without any diffusion). On simulation films, we had performed anatomic measurements for comparison with other anatomic studies. RESULTS: For all 37 @entity0 , TRUS-guided injection was well tolerated. Among 31 @entity0 with the prostate in situ, three had no apex opacification and 15 had no vesicle enhancement or peri-vesicle space diffusion. However, in 19 @entity0 there was good contrast quality with an index score of > or =3. The majority of @entity0 had prostatic apex between 1.5 and 3.5 cm from ischial tuberosities ligne (27 from 28 evaluable for apex). Among 19 evaluable @entity0 , 15 had seminal vesicles 2-4 cm above the top of pubis. For six @entity0 with anastomotic recurrence after radical prostatectomy, @entity2 was precious aid to locate it. We had only one failure because of a precocious bladder absorption relating to a delay which is too long between rectal probe locating and portal films. CONCLUSION: TRUS injection of @entity2 is a simple, inexpensive, relatively safe technique for localization of prostatic apex, but not appropriate for seminal vesicles enhancement. This is also an interesting method to locate anastomotic recurrence.

title: Trans-rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) with XXXX injection for localization of the prostatic apex before radiotherapy planning.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) have been found in high concentrations in @entity4 . Because MMP and @entity9 may play a part in the causation of the @entity1 seen in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity11 their occurrence was examined. DESIGN: Pleural effusion fluid and plasma concentrations of @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 were determined by ELISA in 21 @entity0 with @entity11 . To adjust for the total protein content, respective ratios were calculated. Activities of @entity5 and @entity6 were measured by gelatine zymography and the @entity6 / @entity5 ratios calculated. Pleural effusions and plasma of 15 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and plasma of 15 healthy @entity0 (CON) served as controls. RESULTS: Immunoreactive pleural fluid concentrations of @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity12 , and @entity6 were higher in @entity2 compared to @entity3 , but plasma concentrations were not different between the groups. @entity2 pleural fluid concentrations of @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity9 , and @entity8 were higher compared to @entity2 plasma. @entity7 was found in trace amounts only. The @entity6 /total protein ratios in pleural fluid were higher in @entity2 compared to @entity3 (0.4492+/-0.1633 vs 0.0364+/-0.0145, P<0.005) but the @entity9 ratios were lower (139.0+/-28.7 vs 517.8+/-183.7, P<0.0005). In @entity2 pleural fluid vs @entity2 plasma, the respective @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity9 , and @entity8 ratios were increased (0.46+/-0.10 vs 0.17+/-0.02; 25.2+/-2.8 vs 4.2+/-0.9; 139.0+/-28.7 vs 27.8+/-8.2; 0.67+/-0.13 vs 0.18+/-0.04, P<0.0005 each). Gelatine zymography demonstrated @entity5 and @entity6 bands of different brightness in @entity2 effusions but in @entity3 effusions the @entity6 band was barely visible. The @entity6 / @entity5 effusion ratios were therefore higher in @entity2 compared to @entity3 (0.46+/-0.15 vs 0.05+/-0.04, P<0.0005). CONCLUSION: Compartmentalized @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity9 , and @entity8 and, compared to @entity3 , a surplus of @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity12 , and @entity6 in the pleural space obviously contribute to the fibrotic reactions in @entity11 .

title: Occurrence of matrix metalloproteinases and @entity9 in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery has proved to be an effective alternative to microsurgical resection in treatment of @entity3 . Still, microsurgery is considered by many to be the therapy of choice. In case of recurrence microsurgical resection is much more difficult because of scarring and has a higher risk of complications. Therefore in cases of recurrence the role of radiosurgery needed to be evaluated. @entity0 AND METHODS: From April 1992 to July 1997 135 @entity0 suffering from @entity3 were treated at the Neurosurgical Department of the University Medical School of Graz by means of the gamma-Knife. 12 @entity0 had recurrence after a single or several microsurgical resections. The age distribution was between 38 and 71 years with a mean of 57 years. The diameter of the @entity1 varied between 10.5 and 31.2 mm. RESULTS: In all 12 cases the @entity1 could be inactivated biologically in a mean follow-up period of 58.8 months by means of stereotactic radiosurgery. @entity1 shrinkage was achieved in 3 cases (25%), central necrotic areas were observed in 8 cases (67%). No additional @entity2 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiosurgery has proven to be a safe and effective treatment option instead of repeated microsurgery. Stereotactic radiosurgery should be considered as the therapy of choice in cases of recurrent @entity3 .

title: [Radiosurgery of recurrent XXXX or: the elegant solution of a surgical problem?].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although the frequency of smell disorders after the operations of the anterior communicating @entity2 depends to a large degree on the used surgical approach, several independent of surgery factors may contribute to the postoperative smell tests outcome. THE AIM OF OUR STUDIES: The evaluation of the sense of smell in @entity0 who underwent the operation of @entity2 using pterional approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the retrospective studies the results of smell test of the group of 21 @entity0 operated for @entity2 and 21 healthy volunteers of control group were compared. The @entity0 suffering from neurodegenerative, @entity1 , as well as those with rhinoscopic symptoms of rhinosinusitis and with decreased nasal potency confirmed by anterior rhinomanometry were excluded from the study. RESULTS: During the operations it was possible to anatomically retain olfactory nerves in all operated @entity0 . @entity4 (severe @entity5 and @entity4 ) were detected in 1 (4.7%) @entity0 of the control group and in 6 (28.5%) @entity0 of postoperative group. The mean composite olfactory score in @entity6 test of the postoperative group was 4.53, and in the control group 5.47 points. The difference did not reach statistic significance (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.068). CONCLUSIONS: Although pterional approach to anterior communicating artery is relatively low traumatic to olfactory tract, the @entity3 may have an unfavorable effect on postoperative olfactory nerve functioning. Considering the fact, that in spite of thorough examination of the @entity0 , we were not able to exclude from the studied groups all the @entity0 with preoperatively impaired smell, it seems reasonable to perform similar smell test studies in the prospective way.

title: [The evaluation of @entity4 after the operation of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: This prospective, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effect of preincisional scalp infiltration with 0.25% @entity3 on the @entity2 perception and analgesic requirement of @entity0 undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomy. Twenty @entity0 ( @entity3 group) received scalp infiltration with 25 mL of 0.25% @entity3 followed by intravenous 5 mL of saline as placebo 5 minutes before incision, and another 21 @entity0 ( @entity5 group) received scalp infiltration with a similar volume of 0.9% saline solution followed by 2 microg/kg of intravenous @entity5 5 minutes before incision. Following standard anesthesia technique, basal, preincisional, and postincisional hemodynamic data were recorded. @entity2 was assessed at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours by using a 10-cm visual analog scale. @entity4 was used as rescue analgesic in the postoperative period. Results showed rescue analgesic was required only during the first 12 hours. In each group the same number of @entity0 needed rescue analgesia, but @entity3 delayed this requirement 105 (30-720; median [range]) minutes compared with 60 (15-720; median [range]) minutes for the @entity5 group (P = 0.13). But there was no difference in the amount of analgesic consumed at different time intervals. Six of 20 @entity0 in the @entity3 group required rescue analgesic at the end of 1 hour compared with 9 of 21 @entity5 @entity0 (P = 0.61). At 6 hours, the fraction of @entity0 who required rescue analgesia were 7 of 20 and 11 of 21, respectively (P = 0.44). In conclusion, @entity3 preincision scalp infiltration did not have any significant effect on postcraniotomy @entity1 and analgesic requirement. However, @entity3 may delay the requirement of the first analgesic dose.

title: Preincision 0.25% XXXX scalp infiltration and postcraniotomy @entity1 : a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report a case of a 24-year-old @entity0 who presented with @entity2 , a tense abdomen, and rebound tenderness. A vague, ill-defined mass was palpated, and an ultrasound examination revealed a @entity6 in the left adnexal region. At laparotomy, a slightly dilated fallopian tube was seen and excised. Light microscopy showed @entity5 , with a diffuse infiltrate of foam cells in the lamina propria. There were no associated inflammatory cells. The foam cells were positive for @entity1 and negative for @entity3 / @entity4 . Discontinuous areas of the epithelium also showed epithelial cells with "foamy cytoplasm." These cells were negative for @entity1 but positive for @entity3 / @entity4 . To our knowledge, this represents the first case of a fallopian tube xanthelasma that shows a resemblance to lesions encountered in the stomach. @entity5 must be distinguished from @entity7 , which is associated with an inflammatory cell infiltrate, often including giant cells. However, this lesion may share pathogenetic similarities with @entity7 , since both processes are mediated by inflammation.

title: Xanthelasma or XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2008 Fiji implemented a nationwide @entity3 ) vaccine campaign targeting all @entity0 aged 9-12 years through the existing school-based immunisation program. Parents of vaccine-eligible @entity0 were asked to provide written consent for vaccination. The purpose of this study was to describe parents' knowledge, experiences and satisfaction with the campaign, the extent to which information needs for vaccine decision-making were met, and what factors were associated with vaccine consent. METHODS: Following vaccine introduction, a cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted with parents of vaccine-eligible @entity0 from randomly selected schools, stratified by educational district. Factors related to vaccine consent were explored using Generalised Estimating Equations. RESULTS: There were 560 vaccine-eligible @entity0 attending the participating 19 schools at the time of the campaign. Among these, 313 parents could be contacted, with 293 agreeing to participate (93.6  %). Almost 80  % of @entity0 reported having consented to HPV vaccination (230/293, 78.5  %). Reported knowledge of @entity1 and HPV prior to the campaign was very low. Most respondents reported that they were satisfied with their access to information to make an informed decision about HPV vaccination (196/293, 66.9  %). and this was very strongly associated with provision of consent. Despite their young age, the vaccine-eligible @entity0 were often involved in the discussion and decision-making. Most consenting parents were satisfied with the campaign and their decision to vaccinate, with almost 90  % indicating they would consent to future HPV vaccination. However, negative media reports about the vaccine campaign created @entity2 and concern. Local health staff were cited as a trusted source of information to guide decision-making. Just over half of the @entity0 who withheld consent cited vaccine safety fears as the primary reason (23/44, 52.3  %). CONCLUSION: This is the first reported experience of HPV introduction in a Pacific Island nation. In a challenging environment with limited community knowledge of @entity1 , media controversy and a short lead-time for community education, Fiji has implemented an HPV vaccine campaign that was largely acceptable to the community and achieved a high level of participation. Community sensitisation and education is critical and should include a focus on the local health workforce and the vaccine target group.

title: Implementation of a national school-based XXXX ) vaccine campaign in Fiji: knowledge, vaccine acceptability and information needs of parents.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the performance of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) tests in a heterogeneous group of @entity0 and to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics, patterns of referral, clinical manifestations and outcomes among these @entity0 . The medical charts of 725 @entity0 referred to a central coagulation laboratory during a 12-month period for @entity3 were reviewed. The data collected included demographic characteristics, the specialty of the referring physicians, the clinical indications for ordering the test, and the influence of the test results on the diagnosis and the treatment approach. Special attention was paid to identifying clinical manifestations known to be associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA). A positive test was defined by abnormal results obtained by at least two techniques from the reagents used and confirmed by a platelet-neutralising procedure. Chi(2) and t-tests were used for independent samples. Fifty-six @entity0 (7.7%) were found to have @entity3 . Rheumatologists and gynaecologists emerged as the major contributors to this group. The presence of @entity3 was significantly associated only with @entity2 and @entity1 . The number of @entity0 treated with antiaggregants or anticoagulants tripled following the test results. A positive dRVVT test strongly correlated with elevated anticardiolipin antibodies. We concluded that @entity3 tests are ordered by a variety of physicians but yield better results when ordered by rheumatologists and gynaecologists. In this heterogeneous cohort, it was most useful in the investigation of @entity1 and suggests a pathogenetic role in this condition. The dRVVT test correlates most closely with elevated anticardiolipin antibodies.

title: Antiphospholipid antibodies in a heterogeneous group of XXXX : experience from a central laboratory.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Several characteristic morphological and functional differences distinguish arteries from veins. It was thought that hemodynamic forces shaped these differences; however, increasing evidence suggests that morphogenetic programs play a central role in blood vessel differentiation. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a @entity1 characterized by the inappropriate fusion of arterioles with venules. The genes implicated in this disease, @entity3 and @entity4 , may be involved in defining the fundamental boundaries between arteries and veins. We previously showed that @entity0 lacking @entity3 lost structural, molecular, and functional distinctions between arteries and veins. Here, we report that @entity0 lacking @entity4 develop @entity1 and fail to confine intraembryonic hematopoiesis to arteries. In contrast to @entity3 mutants, @entity4 mutants do not show profound vessel dilation or downregulation of arterial @entity5 . Finally, our data indicate that a failure in cardiac cushion formation observed in both strains may be secondary to the peripheral vasculature defect. The phenotypic similarities, yet reduced severity, implicates @entity4 as an accessory coreceptor that specifically modulates @entity3 signaling. We propose that @entity4 and @entity3 are necessary for the maintenance of distinct arterial-venous vascular beds and that attenuation of the @entity3 signaling pathway is the precipitating event in the etiology of @entity2 .

title: @entity1 in @entity0 lacking XXXX , a vascular-specific TGFbeta coreceptor.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The primary objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy and safety of Lys( @entity5 ), Pro(B29) in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity1 and to compare Lys( @entity5 ), Pro(B29) to currently available regular @entity3 with respect to quality of life. This study was designed as an open-label, non-comparative one. The number of @entity0 enrolled in the trial was 39. At Visit 1 (week 0), blood samples for fasting, 1- and 2-hour postprandial blood @entity2 , and HbA1c were taken. At Visit 2 (week 6) and Visit 3 (week 12), fasting, 1- and 2-hour postprandial blood @entity2 , and HbA1c levels were measured again. There was no significant change in HbA1c, fasting blood @entity2 and 1- and 2-hour postprandial blood @entity2 levels. The 1- and 2-hour postprandial blood @entity2 excursions decreased significantly from Visit 1 to Visit 3. There were no serious adverse events during the study. Half of the @entity0 had less @entity4 with LysPro @entity3 , while 25% had an increase in episodes. Thirty percent of @entity0 were more satisfied with LysPro @entity3 than with the short-acting @entity3 that they had previously used. In conclusion, LysPro therapy can be regarded as safe, since there were no unexpected adverse events and no changes in the usual physical parameters.

title: Safety and efficacy of [Lys( XXXX ), Pro(B29)]- @entity0 @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to characterize genotype-phenotype correlations and establish baseline clinical data for @entity7 caused by mutations in the @entity9 ( @entity9 ) gene. @entity9 mutations are the second leading cause of @entity8 . Recent research makes clinical trials for @entity0 with @entity9 mutations a realistic possibility. However, the clinical severity varies with different mutations and natural history data on progression is sparse. We present cross-sectional data to begin to define the phenotypic spectrum and clinical baseline of @entity0 with these mutations. A cohort of @entity0 with @entity9 gene mutations was identified in 13 centres of the @entity3 Consortium - Rare Disease Clinical Research Consortium (INC-RDCRC) between 2009 and 2012 and at Wayne State University between 1996 and 2009. @entity0 phenotypes were quantified by the @entity1 score version 1 or 2 and the @entity8 paediatric scale outcome instruments. Genetic testing was performed in all @entity0 and/or in first- or second-degree relatives to document mutation in @entity9 gene indicating diagnosis of @entity8 . There were 103 @entity0 from 71 families with 47 different @entity9 mutations with a mean age of 40 years (range 3-84 years). @entity0 and mutations were separated into infantile, childhood and adult-onset groups. The infantile onset group had higher @entity1 score version 1 or 2 and slower nerve conductions than the other groups, and severity increased with age. Twenty-three @entity0 had no family history of @entity8 . Sixty-one @entity0 wore foot/ankle orthoses, 19 required walking assistance or support, and 10 required wheelchairs. There was @entity4 in 21 and @entity6 in 17. Forty-two @entity0 did not begin walking until after 15 months of age. Half of the infantile onset @entity0 then required ambulation aids or wheelchairs for ambulation. Our results demonstrate that virtually all @entity9 mutations are associated with specific phenotypes. Early onset (infantile and childhood) phenotypes likely represent developmentally impaired myelination, whereas the adult-onset phenotype reflects @entity5 without antecedent @entity2 . Data from this cohort of @entity0 will provide the baseline data necessary for clinical trials of @entity0 with @entity8 caused by @entity9 gene mutations.

title: Genotype-phenotype characteristics and baseline natural history of heritable @entity1 caused by mutations in the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In broiler @entity2 , feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study it was aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to @entity2 , on top of a @entity3 /rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon and @entity6 in the caeca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for @entity4 production, @entity5 : @entity0 CoA-transferase, was significantly increased in the caeca of @entity2 administered XOS. In this group of @entity2 , at species level, @entity7 and Anaerostipes butyraticus were significantly increased in abundance in the colon and caecum, respectively. In vitro fermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding between @entity7 and A. butyraticus. @entity1 , produced by @entity7 during XOS fermentation, was utilized by the @entity4 -producing Anaerostipes species. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of @entity4 -producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of @entity4 on gastrointestinal function.

title: The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on performance and microbiota in broiler XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The correlation between genetic variation and recombination rate was investigated in a structured @entity0 population. @entity1 sequence data from 19 autosomal DNA loci from eight inbred strains of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) sampled from three major subspecies were analyzed. The recombination rate was estimated from the comparison of genetic and physical map distances between markers flanking a 10-cM region of each locus. The strains were categorized into four groups (subpopulations) based on geography. By partitioning the genetic diversity into within-group and among-group variation, we detected a positive correlation between the recombination rate and @entity1 diversity within groups. The level of @entity1 differentiation among groups (G(ST)) showed a negative correlation with the rate of recombination. There was no significant correlation between recombination rate and @entity1 diversity when data from different subpopulations were pooled. No correlation was detected between recombination rate and @entity1 divergence of @entity0 and M. spicilegus. These patterns deviate from the strict neutral expectation under the constant @entity1 substitution rate, and they are likely to have been formed either by a hitchhiking effect of positively selected mutants or by background selection of deleterious mutants occurring in a subdivided population. Our series of comparisons show that because a real population always has some structure, incorporation of its information is important in detecting non-neutral evolution.

title: Genetic variation versus recombination rate in a structured population of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity7 ) as an @entity4 flame retardant and plasticizer has been widely used in industrial and household products. It not only was detected in residential indoor air and dust, surface and drinking water, but also in @entity0 plasma and breast milk, and tissue samples of liver, kidneys and brain from rodents. @entity7 is classified as carcinogenic category 2 and toxic for reproduction category 1B. Sufficient evidence from experimental animals indicated carcinogenicity of @entity7 in the liver, and kidneys as well as cell loss in the brain. However, the underlying mechanisms of @entity7 -induced hepatotoxicity are mostly unknown. We investigated the in vitro effects of @entity7 as well as @entity7 -induced cell growth in the L02 and HepG2 cells through the @entity5 / @entity1 / @entity2 pathway. We found that @entity7 reduced cell viability of these cell lines, induced the cell growth arrest, upregulated mRNA and protein levels of @entity3 , and attenuated the @entity5 / @entity1 / @entity2 pathway. However, growth arrest of the L02 and HepG2 cells were aggravated after inhibiting the @entity3 expression with @entity6 . The findings above suggested that @entity7 induced the cell growth arrest of L02 and HepG2 cells via attenuation of the @entity3 -independent @entity5 / @entity1 / @entity2 pathway. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: XXXX -induced cell growth arrest via attenuation of @entity3 -independent @entity5 / @entity1 / @entity2 pathway.

answer: @entity8