abstract: We purified pancreatic deoxyribonucleases I (DNases I) from three snakes, Elaphe quadrivirgata, Elaphe climacophora and Agkistrodon blomhoffii, and cloned their cDNAs. Each mature snake DNase I protein comprised 262 @entity3 . Wild-type snake DNases I with Leu130 were more thermally unstable than wild-type @entity0 and avian DNases I with Ile130. After substitution of @entity4 , the thermal stabilities of the snake enzymes were higher than those of their wild-type counterparts and similar to @entity0 wild-type enzyme levels. Conversely, substituting @entity5 of @entity0 DNases I made them more thermally unstable than their wild-type counterparts. Therefore, a single @entity2 substitution, @entity4 , might be involved in an evolutionally critical change in the thermal stabilities of vertebrate DNases I. Amphibian DNases I have a Ser205 insertion in a @entity1 -binding site of @entity0 and avian enzymes that reduces their thermal stabilities [Takeshita, H., Yasuda, T., Iida, R., Nakajima, T., Mori, S., Mogi, K., Kaneko, Y. _ Kishi, K. (2001) Biochem. J.357, 473-480]. Thus, it is plausible that the thermally stable wild-type DNases I of the higher vertebrates, such as mammals and birds, have been generated by a single @entity4 substitution of reptilian enzymes through molecular evolution following Ser205 deletion from amphibian enzymes. This mechanism may reflect one of the evolutionary changes from cold-blooded to warm-blooded vertebrates.

title: A single XXXX substitution of @entity4 in snake DNases I contributes to the acquisition of thermal stability.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe hemodynamic improvement in a @entity0 treated with @entity5 (NO) inhalation in the management of @entity1 caused by @entity2 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: An intensive care unit of a university hospital. @entity0 : A 66-yr-old @entity0 with severe @entity1 caused by @entity2 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity5 inhalation through a ventilator circuit. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The @entity0 complained of @entity3 . When @entity2 was diagnosed, he underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization, but they were not effective. We instituted intra-aortic balloon pumping and brought the @entity0 to the intensive care unit (ICU). Even with high-dose inotropic support, his hemodynamics deteriorated gradually. On the @entity0 's seventh day in the ICU, we started NO inhalation at 5-10 ppm in an attempt to relieve his @entity4 . Immediately after NO inhalation was started, his hemodynamics improved significantly, and we could wean the @entity0 from intra-aortic balloon pumping. NO inhalation was continued for 9 days and was successfully discontinued without circulatory deterioration. He was discharged from our hospital uneventfully. CONCLUSION: @entity5 inhalation improved hemodynamics in our @entity0 with @entity1 after @entity2 . Our report suggests that a clinical trial of NO treatment for severe @entity1 caused by @entity2 is warranted.

title: XXXX inhalation is useful in the management of @entity1 caused by @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Between September 1988 and August 1990, we treated 35 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 with a novel regimen containing @entity14 , @entity12 ( @entity12 ), and high-dose leucovorin. This regimen was designed to take full advantage of the favorable @entity4 profiles of these agents while maintaining a high level of activity. All @entity1 had received previous chemotherapy (adjuvant only, 15 @entity1 ; at least one metastatic regimen, 20 @entity1 ). Seven @entity1 had received previous @entity9 , but none within 6 months of study entry. Of 31 assessable @entity1 , 20 (65%) had objective responses (two complete, 18 partial), with a median response duration of 6 months (range, 3 to 16+ months). Four @entity1 with bone @entity2 (abnormal bone scan only) and @entity5 were not considered assessable by strict response criteria; two of these @entity1 had sustained symptomatic relief for 6 and 8 months, respectively. Myelosuppression was the most frequent @entity4 but was mild in most @entity1 ; only four hospitalizations for @entity6 and @entity11 were required (2% of courses). No severe @entity10 occurred and no RBC transfusions were required. @entity13 , @entity3 , and @entity7 / @entity8 were uncommon and were not severe in any @entity1 . The combination of @entity14 , @entity12 , and high-dose leucovorin is well tolerated and active as a first- or second-line treatment for metastatic @entity0 . Comparison with other standard regimens for @entity0 is indicated.

title: XXXX , @entity12 , and high-dose leucovorin: an effective, well-tolerated regimen for metastatic @entity0 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although monitoring foot skin temperatures has been associated with @entity1 foot @entity2 recurrence, no studies have been carried out to test the feasibility among European Caucasians. Moreover, the educational and/or motivational models that promote cognitive or psychosocial processes in these studies are lacking. Thus, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to test the feasibility of monitoring foot skin temperatures in combination with theory-based counselling to standard foot care to reduce @entity1 foot @entity2 recurrence. METHODS: In a single-blinded nurse-led 1-year controlled trial, conducted at a hospital setting in Norway, 41 @entity0 with @entity3 and previous foot @entity2 were randomized to the intervention (n   =   21) or control groups (n   =   20). All @entity0 were instructed in foot care and recording observations daily. Additionally, the intervention group was taught how to monitor and record skin temperature at baseline, and received counselling every third month supporting them to use the new treatment. Subjects observing temperature differences >2.0    C between corresponding sites on the left and right foot on two consecutive days were asked to contact the study nurse and reduce physical activity. Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the proportion of subjects with a foot @entity2 . Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the two groups in regard to the time to development of a foot @entity2 . RESULTS: In the intervention group, 67  % (n   =   14/21) monitored and recorded skin temperatures >= 80  % of the time while 70  % (n   =   14/20) of the controls recorded foot inspections. Foot @entity2 incidence was 39  % (7/21) vs. 50  % (10/20) in the intervention and control groups, respectively (ns). CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study showed that the addition of counselling to promote self-monitoring of skin temperature to standard care to prevent recurrence of foot @entity2 is feasible in @entity0 with @entity1 in Norway. Home skin temperature monitoring was performed as frequently by the intervention group as usual foot observations in the controls despite the extra effort required. We did not detect a difference in foot @entity2 recurrence between groups, but our study may inform future full scale studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01269502.

title: A pilot study testing the feasibility of skin temperature monitoring to reduce recurrent foot ulcers in @entity0 with XXXX - a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In contrast to the well-recognized @entity3 , the @entity4 remains a poorly defined entity. The purpose of this study is to report on the clinical features of three @entity0 with lower esophageal muscular rings and review the literature on this disorder, to better understand its importance as a cause of @entity2 . METHODS: Three @entity0 presenting to the West Roxbury VA Medical Center were identified as having a contractile, focal narrowing in the distal esophagus by upper GI series. Clinical histories were obtained and endoscopic and manometric evaluations were performed. RESULTS: The three @entity0 had symptoms consisting of chronic, intermittent @entity2 for both liquids and solids. The results of barium swallows and upper endoscopic examinations were similar and revealed a focal, thick constriction of variable luminal diameter located a few centimeters above the squamocolumnar junction. Esophageal motility testing revealed peristaltic, high-amplitude, long-duration, and multiple peaked contractions. Lower esophageal sphincter function was normal. The @entity0 derived partial or only temporary relief of @entity2 with @entity1 with rigid dilators. All three @entity0 had significant symptomatic responses to anticholinergic agents. CONCLUSIONS: Lower esophageal muscular rings are an uncommon but important cause of @entity2 . Significant esophageal motility abnormalities can be found in symptomatic @entity0 . Distinguishing the @entity4 from the @entity3 is important because of differences in the treatment and outcome of the two conditions.

title: Clinical and manometric features of the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyse the pathogenesis and the treatment strategies of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) with the concomitant mitral @entity4 . METHODS: Between October 1996 and December 2009, 76 @entity0 with the @entity8 underwent the ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy in Fuwai hospital. There were 51 males and 25 females aged between 6 and 68 years (mean: 37.18    15.85 years) old. All the @entity0 had left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with a resting or physically provoked gradient of >= 50 mmHg and the systolic anterior movement (SAM) of the mitral leaflets, and 64 @entity0 had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). These @entity0 underwent the ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy under general anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass. The concomitant surgical procedures included mitral valve replacement (MVR, n = 14) and @entity3 ( @entity3 , n = 12). RESULTS: All the surgical procedures were technically successful. In comparison with the preoperative conditions, the resting LVOT gradient had marked reduction (99.73    38.61-23.55    16.53 mmHg, P < 0.001), the mean septal thickness was decreased from 26.23    5.24 to 17.33    4.74 mm. @entity3 had significant improvement, SAM was resolved completely or only mild. Four @entity0 (5.3%, 4/76) died during the hospital stay. The causes of @entity1 included severe @entity6 with @entity7 , severe @entity5 , @entity2 with @entity5 with @entity7 . The others were followed up for 5-18 years: there were no deaths. Moderate @entity3 was noted in two @entity0 at 2 months or 2 years after operation respectively, who had undergone @entity3 with the edge-to-edge technique stitch procedure, and only had mild or trivial @entity3 at hospital discharge, of whom one received repeat operation with MVR and the other is still in follow-up. All surviving @entity0 were evaluated as New York Heart Association Functional class I or II, and had a significant increase in physical capacity and a significant reduction in disabling symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy can be performed successfully for the severe obstructive @entity8 and @entity3 with the low morbidity and mortality and excellent survival in the great majority of @entity0 . But for the few @entity0 with the intrinsic @entity3 or MVR may be required, and MVR should be performed only as a priority choice for the inherent risks of prosthetic valves and anticoagulation therapy.

title: The surgical management of @entity8 with the concomitant mitral XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy for which the overall prognosis has remained poor over the past few decades. Interleukin ( @entity3 ) has been found to be a major contributor to the initiation and progression of @entity2 . This cytokine exerts its activity through activation of several signaling pathways, in particular the signal transducer and activator of transcription ( @entity6 ) pathway. Here, we aimed at investigating the capacity of a natural dietary compound found in cruciferous vegetables, i.e., @entity8 ( @entity7 ), to target the metastatic phenotype of @entity2 cells through functional p- @entity6 . METHODS: The @entity0 @entity2 -derived cell lines SKOV3 and A2780 were treated with @entity3 and/or @entity7 and subjected to in vitro proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion assays to assess the anti-metastatic and anti- @entity3 effects of @entity7 , as well as to assess gene expression alterations before and after shRNA-mediated @entity6 silencing. RESULTS: We found that @entity7 inhibits @entity3 -mediated increases in @entity2 cell adhesion, migration and invasion. These results were corroborated by shRNA-mediated @entity6 silencing. Through Western blot and ELISA analyses direct evidence was provided for the capacity of @entity7 to inhibit @entity2 cell adhesion, migration and invasion, which was found to be associated with down-regulation of the matrix metalloproteinases @entity4 and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: From our data we conclude that @entity7 exhibits an anti- @entity3 -like activity by inhibiting p- @entity6 enhanced @entity2 cell proliferation and in vitro @entity1 -associated events, i.e., adhesion, migration and invasion. Most significantly, @entity4 and @entity5 , which are known to promote and enhance @entity1 , were found to act as targets of @entity7 . This anti- @entity3 -like property of @entity7 may pave the way for the development of novel @entity2 preventive and/or therapeutic strategies.

title: @entity3 -induced @entity1 modulators p- @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity5 are targets of @entity8 in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the prevalence of esthetic problems due to dental @entity3 , and determine the relationship of different @entity2 exposure histories to the occurrence of these problems. METHODS: In 1993-94 2,715 @entity0 in grades 2 and 3 and 3,297 adolescents in grades 8 and 9 were examined by four dentists. Questionnaires detailing exposures to various @entity2 technologies were collected from 3,022 of these study @entity0 . Esthetic ratings of the @entity0 ' @entity1 were made by the examiners, the @entity0 themselves, and their parents using questionnaires designed for this purpose. RESULTS: Data indicate that 46 percent of the @entity0 had dental @entity3 . Only 40 percent had @entity3 on anterior maxillary teeth. The prevalence of esthetic problems ranged from about 1 percent to 4 percent, depending on how an esthetic problem was defined. Esthetic problems as defined by the @entity0 were more prevalent for the "over 11" age group. Logistic regression results demonstrated significant associations between several of the classifications of esthetic problems and the use of @entity2 supplements and dentifrices, and exposure to fluoridated water during the third year of life. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the prevalence of esthetic problems is low in the communities surveyed, and that exposure to any number of @entity2 technologies in the third year of life can increase a @entity0 's risk for this problem.

title: The influence of various XXXX exposures on the prevalence of esthetic problems resulting from dental @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of single lung transplantation (SLTx) for @entity1 is often  viewed as inferior therapy compared with bilateral lung transplantation (BLTx). We hypothesized from our  experience that subpopulations of recipients with @entity2 exist in which SLTx represents therapy that is equivalent to BLTx, therefore allowing more @entity0 access to transplantation. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 undergoing LTx for @entity2 between 1992 and 2012 at a single institution were identified and analyzed retrospectively. A similar cohort from the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) national database was identified for comparison. Five-year survival in @entity0 receiving SLTx and those receiving BLTx were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-six @entity0 meeting criteria were identified from our institution. Two hundred six underwent SLTx, and 30 underwent BLTx. Five-year survival for single-center SLTx (53.2%    3.6%) and BLTx (56.7%    10.2%) was not significantly different (p  = 0.753). The national database included 7,256 @entity0 meeting selection criteria, with 4,408 undergoing SLTx and 2,848 undergoing BLTx. Five-year survival among the national cohorts was lower for SLTx (46.4%    0.8%) compared with BLTx (55.9%    1.1%) (p < 0.0001). However, 5-year survival for our single-center SLTx experience (53.2%    3.6%) was comparable to the national BLTx cohort (55.9%    1.1%) (p  = 0.539). CONCLUSIONS: Five-year survival after SLTx for @entity2 was comparable to that for BLTx in cohorts from our institution and from the UNOS national database. Further study should focus on the mechanism behind these improved outcomes. Given the potential for a larger number of life-years saved, SLTx should continue to be considered a  therapeutic option in appropriately selected @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ).

title: Continued Utility of Single-Lung Transplantation in Select Populations: XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a standard American diet, a traditional low-fat diet, and a low-fat diet containing the fat substitute olestra on risk factors for @entity4 and @entity1 . DESIGN: A 9-month, double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, feeding study comparing three diets: (1). control (33% fat), (2). fat-reduced (FR; 25% fat), and (3). fat-substituted (FS) where olestra replaced 1/3 of dietary fat (33% lipid and 25% digestible fat). Subjects were allowed to adjust their total energy intake as desired, allowing weight to fluctuate. SUBJECTS: A total of 37 healthy, @entity2 @entity0 (age 36.7+/-1.3 y; body mass index 30.8+/-0.4 kg/m(2)). MEASUREMENTS: Body weight and composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, serum lipids, lipoproteins, hemostatic factors, @entity6 , insulin, and leptin at baseline and every 3 months. RESULTS: The FS group lost 6.27 kg of body weight by 9 months vs 4.0 kg in the control and 1.79 kg in the FR groups. There was a significant diet main effect on @entity3 (P=0.002), low-density lipoprotein @entity3 (P=0.003), and @entity8 (P=0.01), all of which decreased in the FS group but not the other groups by 9 months. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) increased in the FR and control groups but was unchanged in the FS group (diet main effect P=0.04). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity3 increased in all groups over 9 months (time main effect P=0.0001). Time main effects were also observed for @entity3 , @entity9 , @entity7 , Factor VII, diastolic blood pressure, and @entity6 . After adjustment for % fat loss at 9 months, the effects of diet on change in risk factors remained significant only for @entity8 . DISCUSSION: Consumption of a low-fat diet containing olestra for 9 months produced significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, an effect largely explained by @entity5 . Long-term low-fat diet consumption with or without olestra does not decrease HDL @entity3 .

title: Consumption of a controlled low-fat diet containing olestra for 9 months improves health risk factors in conjunction with @entity5 in XXXX @entity0 : the Ole' Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8015 Background: To assess quality of life (QL) in a multicentre phase III randomised trial evaluating the benefit of adding CT and/or @entity4 to adjuvant @entity5 in pre/perimenopausal @entity1 , and of adding CT to @entity5 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Key QL outcomes included systemic and menopausal symptoms, mood, sexual functioning, body image, role functioning and global QL. METHODS: @entity1 reported QL using the EORTC QLQ-C30, BR23 @entity0 module, Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale (HADS) and Menopausal Symptom Scale (MSS), before randomisation and at 3, 6, 9, 18, 30, 48 and 72 months. RESULTS: From 1997-2000, 436/3854 @entity1 in the ABC trial were recruited to the QL study (247 in +/-CT comparison, 199 in +/- @entity4 comparison), median age 49 (range 28-79). Compliance with QL forms was high; 99.8% at baseline ranging to 86.3% at 30 months. The addition of CT was associated with worse QL during the first 9 months for @entity3 (p=0.007), role function (p=0.003) and global QL (p=0.001) and a trend to worse QL for body image concerns (p=0.02), and sexual enjoyment (p=0.08). Systemic side effects (p=0.001) and menopausal problems (p=0.02) were worse over 30 months. The addition of @entity4 resulted in increased menopausal symptoms (p<0.0001), @entity3 (p=0.05) and @entity2 (p=0.04) over 30 months but no deterioration in role function, global QL, body image or sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse QL counters the potential benefits of additional CT; therefore treatment choice should consider possible health gains and QL losses. The negative QL effect of @entity4 is paralleled by a lack of clinical benefit in the ABC trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: The impact on quality of life of adding chemotherapy (CT) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to adjuvant tamoxifen ( XXXX ): Outcomes from the UK NCRI Adjuvant @entity0 (ABC) trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 is a common condition with a major global impact on healthcare resources and expenditure. The Surviving @entity2 Campaign has been vigorous in promoting internationally recognised pathways to improve the management of septic @entity0 and decrease mortality. However, translating recommendations into practice is a challenging and complex task that requires a multi-faceted approach with sustained engagement from local stakeholders. Whilst working at a district general hospital in New Zealand, we were concerned by the seemingly inconsistent management of septic @entity0 , often leading to long delays in the initiation of life-saving measures such as antibiotic, fluid, and @entity1 administration. In our hospital there were no clear systems, protocols or guidelines in place for identifying and managing septic @entity0 . We therefore launched the @entity2 Six resuscitation bundle of care in our hospital in an attempt to raise awareness amongst staff and improve the management of septic @entity0 . We introduced a number of simple low-cost interventions that included educational sessions for junior doctors and nursing staff, as well as posters and modifications to phlebotomy trolleys that acted as visual reminders to implement the @entity2 Six bundle. Overall, we found there to a be a steady improvement in the delivery of the @entity2 Six bundle in septic @entity0 with 63% of @entity0 receiving appropriate care within one hour, compared to 29% prior to our interventions. However this did not translate to an improvement in @entity0 mortality. This project forms part of an on going process to instigate a fundamental culture change among local healthcare professionals regarding the management of @entity2 . Whilst we have demonstrated improved implementation of the @entity2 Six bundle, the key challenge remains to ensure that momentum of this project continues and forms a platform for sustainable clinical improvement in the long term.

title: Improving the management of XXXX in a district general hospital by implementing the ' @entity2 Six' recommendations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) motility is challenging, as functionally, @entity4 relaxation and @entity2 are distinct. We studied novel parameters, @entity4 admittance (inverse of nadir impedance), and 0.2-s integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), as predictors of @entity3 . METHODS: Sixty-six healthy subjects (n = 50 controls 20-80 years; n = 16 elderly >80 years), 11 @entity0 with @entity1 (51-83 years) and 16 with @entity5 (58-91 years) were studied using pharyngeal high-resolution impedance manometry. Subjects received 5 * 5 mL liquid (L) and viscous (V) boluses. Admittance and IRP were compared by age and between groups. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. KEY RESULTS: In healthy subjects, admittance was reduced (L: p = 0.005 and V: p = 0.04) and the IRP higher with liquids (p = 0.02) in older age. Admittance was reduced in @entity5 compared to both healthy groups (Young: p < 0.0001 for both, Elderly L: p < 0.0001 and V: p = 0.009) and @entity1 with liquid (p = 0.001). Only liquid showed a higher IRP in @entity5 @entity0 compared to controls (p = 0.03), but was similar to healthy elderly and @entity1 @entity0 . Only admittance differentiated younger controls from @entity1 (L: p = 0.0002 and V: p < 0.0001), with no differences in either parameter between @entity1 and elderly subjects. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: The effects of aging and pathology were better discriminated by @entity4 maximum admittance, demonstrating greater statistical confidence across bolus consistencies as compared to 0.2-s IRP. Maximum admittance may be a clinically useful determinate of @entity3 .

title: Maximum @entity4 ( @entity4 ) admittance: a non-specific marker of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been recently reported with favourable oncological outcomes as treatment of @entity1 (EOC). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of CRS+HIPEC with @entity4 and @entity5 for the treatment of advanced EOC. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study of 54 @entity0 , from April 2007 to October 2013, with primary or recurrent @entity3 due to EOC. The mean age was 54.51  9.34. Thirty @entity0 (59%) had primary EOC, and 24 @entity0 (41%) had recurrent disease. RESULTS: Mean @entity6 index was 10.11 (range, 0 to 28), complete cytoreduction (CC0) was achieved for 47 @entity0 (87%), @entity7 for seven @entity0 (13%). @entity0 with suboptimal cytoreduction (CC2 and @entity7 ) were not included in the study. The mean stay in ICU was 4.73  5.51 days and the mean hospitalization time was 24.0  10.03 days. We did not observe any intraoperative @entity2 . Seven @entity0 (13%) required additional operations. Three @entity0 (5.6%) died within 30 days from the procedure. Severe complications were seen in 19 @entity0 (35.2%). During the follow-up period, disease recurred in 33 @entity0 (61.1%); the median disease-free survival time was 12.46 months and the median overall survival time was 32.91 months. CONCLUSION: CRS+HIPEC with @entity4 and @entity5 for advanced EOC is feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Additional follow-up and further studies are needed to determine the effects of HIPEC on long term survival.

title: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity4 and @entity5 in advanced XXXX : a multicenter prospective observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The changes in plasma levels of @entity1 (T4), free @entity1 (free T4), @entity0 (T3), free @entity0 (free T3), and reverse @entity0 (rT3) were observed in intact or hypophysectomized lamb foetuses during the last third of gestation. Hypophysectomy was performed at two stages: 100 and 120 days of gestation. Cord blood was collected after Caesarean section. In intact foetuses, T4 and free T4 levels increased significantly between day 100 and 120 of gestation, but decreased from day 132 to birth. T3 levels, low until day 132, rose abruptly during the last 12 days of gestation, as did the T3/free T4 ratio. Free T3 levels, relatively high on day 100, decreased until day 130 to rise during the last days of gestation. Reverse T3 levels, high since day 100, increased sharply until day 132 as did the reverse T3/free T4 ratio, and then declined. In hypophysectomized foetuses, undetectable or very low levels of T4, free T4 and rT3 were observed on day 120 and 144. T3 levels, although decreased by pituitary destruction, remained at 39.7% (120 days) and 21.4% (144 days) of the values recorded in intact foetuses. Free T3 levels, normally depressed at the end of gestation, were not affected by hypophysectomy on day 120. When hypophysectomy was performed later, the levels of T4, free T4 and rT3 were slightly increased on day 144 as compared with those of the other hypophysectomized foetuses. This study confirms the changes in the plasma @entity2 levels observed previously in the lamb foetus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma free and total XXXX levels in hypophysectomized and intact lamb foetuses during the last third of gestation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) after chemotherapy increases complications, morbidity, risk of @entity3 , reduction of dose delivery and impairs quality of life. Primary @entity5 ( @entity5 ) prophylaxis after chemotherapy is recommended in the guideline (GL) if the risk of @entity6 is high (>= 20  %) or intermediate (>= 10-20  %) with additional risk factors. This study evaluated the implementation of @entity5 GL. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sample size of the survey was calculated at 2  % of the incidences of @entity4 , @entity0 in Germany in 2006. @entity1 were documented retrospectively over three to nine cycles of chemotherapy and @entity6 risk >= 10  %. Professional physician profiles were analyzed by classification and regression tree analysis (CART). RESULTS: One hundred ninety-five hematologists-oncologists and pulmonologists and gynecologists specialized in oncology documented data of 666 @entity2 @entity1 , 286 @entity4 @entity1 , and 976 @entity0 @entity1 , with 7805 chemotherapy cycles; 85.1  % of physicians claimed adhering to @entity5 GL. Adherence to GL in all high- @entity6 -risk chemotherapy cycles was 15.4  % in @entity2 , 84.5  % in @entity4 , and 85.6  % in @entity0 , and in all intermediate- @entity6 -risk chemotherapy cycles, @entity2 it was 38.8  %, @entity4 it was 59.4  %, and @entity0 it was 49.3  %. @entity5 was overused without additional @entity1 risk factors in 7.2  % @entity2 cycles, 16.8  % @entity4 cycles, and 17.6  % @entity0 cycles. The CART analysis split pulmonologists and other specialists, with the latter adhering more to GL. Pulmonologists, trained less than 22.5  years, adhered better to GL, as did also gynecologists or hematologists-oncologists with professional experience less than 8.1  years. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptance of and adherence to @entity5 GL differed between @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity0 . Physicians overestimate their adherence to the GL. Physicians adhering to the GL can be characterized.

title: Adherence to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) guidelines to reduce the incidence of XXXX after chemotherapy-a representative sample survey in Germany.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess treatment outcome after definitive radiotherapy for @entity2 retrospective analysis of the clinical data was performed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We enrolled 265 @entity0 with @entity2 who were treated with combined external beam radiotherapy [mean +/- standard deviation (SD), 50.3 +/- 1.8 Gy; range 40-70) and intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) (mean +/- SD, 19.8 +/- 2.4 Gy; range 10-32) using a high-dose-rate 60Co source. We retrospectively analyzed, as measures of the therapeutic outcome, the @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and late complication. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity5 rates (n = 265) were 50.7%, 57.1%, and 71.2%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed a significant favorable effect on the @entity5 rate for complete response (CR) (p = 0.024), maximum @entity2 diameter < 6 cm (SML) (p = 0.0009), Karnofsky performance score > or =70 (p = 0.046), age <75 years (p = 0.0043), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of > or =9 g/dl (p = 0.0005), and histopathological diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (p = 0.0089). In the multivariate analysis, Hb, @entity4 , SML, and CR remained significant prognostic factors. In both univariate and multivariate analysis, SML, Hb, age, and @entity4 showed significant effects on the @entity7 rate. Age > or =60 years (p = 0.017), Hb > or =9 g/dl (p = 0.0039), and SML (p = 0.0046) were significant favorable prognostic factors for the @entity5 rate identified by univariate analysis. In addition, advanced age, SML, and @entity4 showed significant beneficial effects on the @entity5 rate in the multivariate analysis. @entity1 developed in 21.1% of @entity0 , and the groups with Hb < 9 g/dl (p < 0.005), Karnofsky performance score of <70 (p < 0.001), and dose at point A in the ICBT < 16 Gy (p < 0.005) developed a significantly greater incidence of @entity1 than did the groups without. The 5-year incidence was 2.6% for major @entity6 and 8.3% for major @entity3 . The radiation dose in the subgroup with @entity3 was significantly greater than that in the subgroup without complications. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity2 size, concentration of Hb, and histopathological diagnosis are strong prognostic factors for the therapeutic outcome. The ICBT dose in our study was small compared to the reported data, but the outcome was quite comparable. Thus, the dose we used might be the minimum required. However, locoregional control still remains an important problem. It is necessary to attain the optimal dose distribution in both the target volume and in critical organs. In high-risk @entity0 , combined use of chemotherapy is crucial to improve the response to radiation.

title: Definitive radiotherapy combined with high-dose-rate brachytherapy for @entity2 of the uterine cervix: retrospective analysis of prognostic factors concerning XXXX characteristics and treatment parameters.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated the tremendous potential of using coronary artery @entity3 (CAC) in addition to traditional risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk prediction. However, to date, no risk score incorporating CAC has been developed. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to derive and validate a novel risk score to estimate 10-year @entity2 risk using CAC and traditional risk factors. METHODS: Algorithm development was conducted in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity4 ), a prospective community-based cohort study of 6,814 @entity0 age 45 to 84 years, who were free of clinical @entity1 at baseline and followed for 10 years. MESA is sex balanced and included 39% non-Hispanic whites, 12% Chinese Americans, 28% African Americans, and 22% Hispanic Americans. External validation was conducted in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study) and the DHS (Dallas Heart Study). RESULTS: Inclusion of CAC in the MESA risk score offered significant improvements in risk prediction (C-statistic 0.80 vs. 0.75; p  < 0.0001). External validation in both the HNR and DHS studies provided evidence of very good discrimination and calibration. Harrell's C-statistic was 0.779 in HNR and 0.816 in DHS. Additionally, the difference in estimated 10-year risk between events and nonevents was approximately 8% to 9%, indicating excellent discrimination. Mean calibration, or calibration-in-the-large, was excellent for both studies, with average predicted 10-year risk within one-half of a percent of the observed event rate. CONCLUSIONS: An accurate estimate of 10-year @entity2 risk can be obtained using traditional risk factors and CAC. The  MESA risk score, which is available online on the MESA web site for easy use, can be used to aid clinicians when communicating risk to @entity0 and when determining risk-based treatment strategies.

title: 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk  Prediction Using Coronary Artery XXXX and Traditional Risk Factors: Derivation in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity4 ) With  Validation in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Study and the DHS (Dallas  Heart Study).

answer: @entity3


abstract: It is suggested in different studies that gender has a great impact on the distribution of risk factors of @entity2 . This study aims at determining the gender differences in risk factors of acute @entity5 among male and female @entity0 . Data extracted for this study were taken from a case control study which was carried out in the departments of Neurology and Medicine of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH) Dhaka from July 2009 to June 2011. We collected data of 125 @entity0 with @entity5 and 129 healthy controls from the primary source. All secondary data were divided on the basis of gender. Among all male respondents 70 @entity2 @entity0 were considered as case and 72 healthy respondents were considered as control and in female group 55 were @entity2 @entity0 (case) and 57 were healthy control. Risk factors of @entity2 for male and female were evaluated separately. After multivariate analysis ever smoking (both present and ex smoker) (adj. OR 3.799, 95% CI 1.416, 10.19), @entity1 (adj. OR 5.687, 95% CI 1.99, 16.26), @entity3 (adj. OR 18.53, 95% CI 6.43, 53.4) and total @entity4 (adj. OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03) were found significant predictors for @entity2 in male whereas @entity1 (adj. OR 6.989, 95% CI 1.54, 31.64), @entity3 (adj. OR 17.85, 95% CI 5.1, 62.38), serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) (adj. OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.013, 1.07) and serum @entity6 (TG) (adj. OR 1.012, 95% CI 1.004, 1.02) were found significant in female. Besides taking the controlling measure for @entity3 and @entity1 , life style modification is an important factor to prevent @entity2 in both sexes.

title: Gender Variation in the Risk Factors with XXXX : Bangladesh Perspective.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bleeding complications are common and decrease the odds of survival in @entity0 supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The role of @entity4 on ECMO-induced @entity3 and resultant @entity1 complications is not well understood. The primary objective of this pilot study was to determine the incidence and magnitude of @entity4 according to thromboelastography ( @entity7 (  ))-platelet mapping (PM) testing. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity0 <18   years old who required ECMO at a tertiary level hospital. We collected @entity7 (  )-PM and conventional coagulation tests data. We also collected demographic, medications, blood products administered, and clinical outcome data. We defined severe @entity4 as <50% aggregation in response to an agonist. RESULTS: We identified 24 out of 46 @entity0 on ECMO, who had @entity7 (  )-PM performed during the study period. We found the incidence of severe @entity1 was 42% and mortality was 54% in our study cohort. In all samples measured, severe qualitative @entity4 was more common for @entity2 ( @entity2 )-mediated aggregation (92%) compared to @entity5 (AA)-mediated aggregation (75%) (p   =   0.001). Also, @entity2 -mediated percent of @entity4 was significant lower than AA-mediated @entity4 [15% (interquartile range, IQR 2.8-48) vs. 49% (IQR 22-82.5), p   <   0.001]. There was no difference in @entity6 -activated heparinase @entity7 (  ) parameters between the @entity1 group and the non- @entity1 group. Only absolute platelet count and @entity7 (  )-PM had increased predictive value on receiver operating characteristics analyses for severe @entity1 and mortality compared to activated clotting time. CONCLUSION: We found frequent and severe qualitative @entity4 on @entity7 (  )-PM testing in @entity0 on ECMO. Larger studies are needed to determine if the assessment of qualitative platelet function by @entity7 (  )-PM can improve prediction of @entity1 complications for @entity0 on ECMO.

title: Incidence of XXXX by Thromboelastography-Platelet Mapping in @entity0 Supported with ECMO: A Pilot Retrospective Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Subjective, self-rated improvement in @entity0 with @entity1 spectrum disorders can carry significance as a first- @entity0 account of treatment outcome, and can be of importance for the individual @entity0 's acceptance of further treatment, including psychological treatments. This study assessed the concordance between post-treatment subjective improvement and the observed symptom change after a @entity2 . DESIGN: Longitudinal study based on daily symptom ratings. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 43 younger, primarily first- or second-episode @entity0 . Observed symptom change was calculated as both pre-post differences and symptom trajectories. Subjective improvement was assessed at the end of treatment by using the 'Emotional and Behavioural Changes in Psychotherapy Questionnaire' (VEV), a retrospective measure of subjective change. RESULTS: The findings indicated no significant concordance between pre-post differences in symptoms and self-rated improvement, nor were final levels of symptoms related to subjective improvement. Higher initial and mean symptom levels for positive symptoms were related to a lower degree of subjective improvement. A shorter duration of an initial trend-like improvement in @entity2 was shown to be associated with greater subjective improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective assessment of improvement may differ markedly from symptom change. In @entity2 , more severe initial positive symptoms as well as a delayed improvement of positive symptoms may be related to a reduced subjective experience of improvement for the duration of the entire episode. The treatment of @entity2 should take a possible discordance between subjective and objective change into account.

title: Lack of concordance between subjective improvement and symptom change in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 and @entity0 are associated with exposure to various types of particulate air pollutants. The present study was used to determine whether metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secreted after instilling dust samples into the lung, and to relate levels of specific MMPs to different fractions of the ambient air particle sample EHC-93. @entity1 received an intratracheal injection of 5 mg dust samples in 0.5 ml water and were killed at intervals from 4 hours to 28 days later particle samples were EHC-93 whole dust, and the insoluble, leached, and soluble fractions of the same dust. Samples prepared from EHC-2K dust were also used, as were solutions of @entity2 and @entity6 . All samples induced @entity0 as measured by increased inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; the highest levels were found 1 to 3 days after instilling the whole dust. This dust also induced production of @entity5 and @entity4 as shown in zymograms. The leached dust induced predominantly @entity4 , which was maximal at 4 hours and 1 day. In contrast, the soluble fraction induced almost exclusive 4 @entity5 , also maximal at 4 hours and 1 day; this enzyme was also produced in response to soluble @entity2 , the most prevalent soluble metal in the EHC samples. The results demonstrate the rapid production and secretion of MMPs in the lung after particle deposition. A differential pattern of MMP production is seen with @entity4 , likely from inflammatory cells, being produced in response to the insoluble particles, and @entity5 , likey from epithelial cells, being produced in response to the water-soluble fraction of the atmospheric dust.

title: Differential production of metalloproteinases after instilling various urban air particle samples to XXXX lung.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This report describes the clinical findings and diagnostic images of a @entity0 with a @entity3 in a cat. Furthermore, a complete description of the tracheal resection and @entity2 using one-lung ventilation (OLV) with total and partial intravenous anesthesia is made. CASE SUMMARY: A 3-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat weighing 6.8 kg was presented to the University Teaching Hospital for evaluation of increased respiratory noise 3 months following unknown @entity0 . Approximately 12 weeks prior to presentation, the cat had been seen by the primary care veterinarian for respiratory distress. At that time, the cat had undergone a tracheal ballooning procedure for a distal tracheal stricture diagnosed by tracheoscopy. The tracheal ballooning had provided only temporary relief. At presentation to our institution, the cat had increased respiratory effort with harsh upper airway noise auscultated during thoracic examination. The remainder of the physical examination was normal. Diagnostics included a tracheoscopy and a thoracic computed tomographic examination. The cat was diagnosed with tracheal @entity1 , pseudotrachea with a @entity3 , and stenosis of the avulsed tracheal ends. Surgical correction of the tracheal stricture via a thoracotomy was performed using OLV with total and partial intravenous anesthesia. The cat recovered uneventfully and at last follow-up was active and doing well. UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED: This case report describes OLV using standard anesthesia equipment that is available at most private practices. Furthermore, this case describes the computed tomographic images of the @entity4 and offers a positive outcome for tracheal resection and @entity2 .

title: Traumatic XXXX corrected with resection and @entity2 during one-lung ventilation and total intravenous anesthesia in a cat.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recently conducted clinical trials have provided impressive evidence that chemotherapy resistant metastatic @entity4 and several @entity5 can be cured using adoptive T cell therapy or T cell-recruiting bispecific antibodies. However, a significant fraction of @entity0 did not benefit from these treatments. Here we have evaluated the feasibility of a novel combination therapy which aims to further enhance the killing potential of bispecific antibody-redirected T lymphocytes by using these cells as targeted delivery system for photosensitizing agents. For a first in vitro proof-of-concept study, ex vivo activated @entity0 donor T cells were loaded with a @entity8 (PSS)-complex of the model photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin ( @entity9 ). In the absence of light and when loading with the water-soluble PSS/mTHPP-complex occurred at a tolerable concentration, viability and cytotoxic function of loaded T lymphocytes were not impaired. When "drug-enhanced" T cells were co-cultivated with @entity6 -expressing @entity0 @entity3 cells, mTHPP was transferred to target cells. Notably, in the presence of a bispecific antibody, which cross-links effector and target cells thereby inducing the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, significantly more photosensitizer was transferred. Consequently, upon irradiation of co-cultures, redirected drug-loaded T cells were more effective in killing A549 lung and SKOV-3 @entity2 cells than retargeted unloaded T lymphocytes. Particularly, the additive approach using redirected unloaded T cells in combination with appropriate amounts of separately applied PSS/mTHPP was less efficient as well. Thus, by loading T lymphocytes with a stimulus-sensitive anti- @entity1 drug, we were able to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of carrier cells. @entity7 cells could open new perspectives for adoptive T cell therapy as well as targeted photodynamic therapy.

title: A photosensitizer delivered by bispecific antibody redirected T lymphocytes enhances cytotoxicity against XXXX -expressing @entity3 cells upon light irradiation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is a rare @entity1 with an incidence of 2.5 per million individuals. Early diagnosis is difficult as there is an absence of specific clinical presentations. The present case study reports a @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 who was treated by complete surgical resection and relapsed 3 months following the surgery. In addition, the clinical data of 14 @entity0 with @entity5 were reviewed and analyzed. The mean age of the 14 @entity0 at presentation was 54.1 (range, 36-73 years) and 5/14 @entity0 experienced recurrence, ranging between 1 and 10 times. Of the 12 cases that reported histological subtypes, 7 were well-differentiated @entity4 , 2 were @entity4 , 2 were @entity2 and 1 was mixed subtype. All the @entity0 underwent complete resection and 5 received combined multiple organs resection (3 nephrectomy, 1 sigmoid colon and 1 multiple visceral organs). However, no @entity0 received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In conclusion, @entity5 is a @entity3 with a high rate of recurrence. Complete resection is the predominant treatment and combined resection of adjacent organs is occasionally necessary.

title: Management of XXXX : A case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Recent research in methods of fertility control for @entity0 is reviewed. The 3 pharmacologic modes of action that can be suppressed in the male include: 1) formation of sperm by the testes; 2) maturation of sperm within the epididymis; or 3) transport of sperm from the testes through the epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra. Drugs to interfere with these processes have been identified. The most advanced method of interference with sperm production entails @entity1 suppression of gonadal function, through inhibition of gonadotropin release by the pituitary gland. @entity2 ; @entity5 ; @entity4 , including anabolic agents; and antiandrogens are among the @entity3 clinically tested. The use of combined @entity4 and progestins seems promising. Antimetabolic agents that suppress spermatogenesis or interrupt spermatozoal development by blocking a critical process seem less likely to become clinically available. An alternative approach is through interference with sperm maturation. A number of drugs abolish the ability to ejaculate semen while retaining the capacity for erection and orgasm, but they all have serious side effects. Synthesis and identification of analogs with specific action on the short adrenergic neurons of the male reproductive tract will be required for this approach to male contraception.

title: Pharmacologic approaches to contraception in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: MiRNA expression profiles previously showed the higher expression of @entity3 in bone marrow samples of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 than normal controls. Our aim was to investigate associations of @entity3 expression with @entity1 progression and prognosis in @entity2 . METHODS: Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of @entity3 in bone marrow mononuclear cells and serum obtained from @entity0 with @entity2 and healthy controls. RESULTS: Expression levels of @entity3 in the bone marrow and serum of @entity2 @entity0 were both significantly higher than those in normal controls (both P  <  0.001). Then, high serum @entity3 level occurred more frequently in French-American-British classification subtype M7 subtype than in other subtypes (P  =  0.03). The expression of serum @entity3 in @entity2 @entity0 with unfavorable karyotypes was also significantly higher than those in intermediate and favorable groups (P  =  0.008). Moreover, high serum @entity3 level was markedly associated with shorter relapse-free and overall survivals (both P  <  0.001) of @entity0 with @entity2 . Furthermore, the multivariate analysis identified the serum @entity3 and cytogenetics risk as independent prognostic factors for both relapse-free and overall survivals. More importantly, the prognostic relevance of serum @entity3 expression was more obvious in the subgroup of @entity0 with intermediate-risk cytogenetics. CONCLUSION: Our data offer the convincing evidence for the first time that serum @entity3 level may be markedly and consistently increased in @entity2 patients. Serum @entity3 may serve as a promising marker for monitoring the progression and predicting the clinical outcome of @entity0 with this disease.

title: High serum microRNA-335 level predicts aggressive XXXX progression and unfavorable prognosis in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: There is general agreement regarding the most appropriate examinations and methods to use to evaluate change in status in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, no guidelines exist to aid in determining and evaluating actual status rather than change in status, particularly when applied to individual @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In addition, methods appropriate for clinical trials may not be useful in evaluating individual @entity0 because of time constraints. This report reviews current methods of evaluation and develops modified methods, based on data bank research that will be useful in clinical practice and in the evaluation of @entity1 and observational studies. Using data from longitudinal observational data banks, further reduction in the number of joints examined is evaluated to reconcile the time constraints of clinical practice with the need to maintain reliability and validity. Percentile methods to determine severity status are applied to the variables used in @entity1 and extended further to observational studies and routine clinical practice. Shortened joint counts, based on modifications of the Ritchie method, are identified that allow for examination of groups of 18 (clinical-18) and 16 (clinical-16) joints, the clinical-16 omitting the metatarsophalangeal joints. Using percentile charts, actual severity valuations are given to the variables evaluated in the clinic as well as in @entity1 . Disease activity status of clinic @entity0 can be determined quantitatively thus allowing clinicians further insight into the status and prognosis of their @entity0 . By quantifying disease activity severity, clinicians and 3rd party payers can better evaluate the appropriateness of and response to disease modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic therapies. Further, @entity1 can be evaluated as to severity status of @entity0 participating, and the generalizability of @entity1 can be better evaluated.

title: Evaluating severity and status in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity1 are associated with @entity5 and mortality. @entity2 , by affecting flow resistance and tissue perfusion, may explain the cardiovascular sequelae of @entity6 . We investigated whether advanced @entity6 is associated with a decrease in the functional and structural number of capillaries in skin and subsequently whether capillary rarefaction is related to mineral metabolism. METHODS: Capillary density was measured by nailfold microscopy in 19 predialysis and 35 @entity6 Stage 5 (CKD5) @entity0 and 19 controls. In @entity6 @entity0 , @entity4 , @entity7 , parathyroid hormone, @entity10 (25vitD3) and @entity9 (1,25vitD3) were analysed as well. RESULTS: Capillary density at baseline was 42    15/mm(2) in predialysis @entity0 , 45    17/mm(2) in CKD5 @entity0 and 56    20/mm(2) in controls ( @entity0 versus controls, respectively, P < 0.05 and P = 0.05). Absolute capillary recruitment during post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia was 17    7/mm(2), 14    6/mm(2) and 23    8/mm(2), respectively (P < 0.05 for both @entity0 and controls). Capillary density during @entity3 was 59    20/mm(2), 59    21/mm(2) and 77    21/mm(2), respectively (P < 0.05 for both @entity0 and controls). In multiple regression analysis, both serum @entity7 and @entity8 values were independently and inversely associated with capillary density at baseline (r(2) of model = 19%) as well as during @entity3 (r(2) of model = 28%). Furthermore, both serum @entity7 and @entity8 were inversely and female gender positively correlated with capillary density during recruitment (r(2) of model = 37%). CONCLUSION: Advanced @entity6 is characterized by an impaired functional and structural capillary density in skin, which is related to both high @entity7 and @entity8 values.

title: Capillary rarefaction in advanced @entity6 is associated with high @entity7 and XXXX levels.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity3 is the most devastating complication of laparoscopy, occurring most commonly during the laparoscopic entry phase. Our goal is to report our experience with major @entity3 during laparoscopic entry with closed- and open-access techniques in urologic procedures. METHODS: All 5347 @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic urologic procedures from 1996 to 2011 at our hospital were included in the study. Laparoscopic entry was carried out by either the closed Veress needle technique or the modified open Hasson technique. @entity0 ' charts were reviewed retrospectively to investigate for access-related major @entity3 . RESULTS: The closed technique was used in the first 474 operations and the open technique in the remaining 4873 cases. Three cases of major @entity3 were identified among our @entity0 . They were 3 @entity0 scheduled for nephrectomy without any history of surgery. All @entity1 occurred in the closed-access group during the setup phase with insertion of the first trocar. The injury location was the abdominal aorta in 2 @entity0 and the external iliac vein in 1 @entity0 . Management was performed after conversion to open surgery, control of @entity2 , and repair of the injured vessel. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with major @entity3 , its clinically higher incidence in laparoscopic urologic procedures with the closed-access technique leads us to suggest using the open technique for the entry phase of laparoscopy. Using the open-access technique may decrease laparophobia and encourage a higher number of urologists to enter the laparoscopy field.

title: XXXX in laparoscopic urology.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM OF STUDY: Laser therapy is effective in relieving @entity1 , but repeated treatments at 4 to 6 week intervals are usually required. This prospective randomised trial is designed to determine if addition of brachytherapy offers any advantages over laser therapy alone. METHODS: @entity0 with inoperable @entity2 were randomised to receive either endoscopic Nd:YAG laser therapy alone, or laser followed by brachytherapy. @entity0 who developed worsening @entity4 during follow-up were offered further treatment as appropriate. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 were randomised to receive laser only, and 12 to receive laser followed by brachytherapy. Of these 12, one was lost to follow-up and four did not receive brachytherapy because they were unfit, had extension into the @entity3 or had mainly extrinsic compression. These 4 are included on an 'intention-to-treat' basis. The mean therapeutic interval for the brachytherapy group was significantly longer, 83 days compared to 36 days for the laser group (p = 0.026). There were no differences in the degree of @entity4 relief, number of endoscopic procedures or survival times. CONCLUSION: The preliminary results of this trial suggest that brachytherapy in addition to laser therapy prolongs the first therapeutic interval. However, no long-term advantages have been shown.

title: Laser therapy combined with brachytherapy for the palliation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Extrahepatic @entity4 is a rare finding in infancy and early childhood. However, there is an increasing number of @entity0 operated at this age reported in the literature. This increase may have multifactorial reasons, e.g. real increase, better ability of detection as a result of better diagnostic techniques and knowledge of predisposing factors of extrahepatic @entity4 in childhood, especially in early childhood and infancy. The following report describes three cases of extrahepatic @entity4 treated at the Department of Surgery of the University of Technology in Aachen, Germany. From 1986 to 1998 28 @entity0 below 18 years were operated at our Department of Surgery. There was a recognizable increase of @entity0 in 1996, 1997 and 1998. Whereas from 1986 to 1995 an average of 1.5 Cholecystectomies in pediatric @entity0 were done, the years from 1996 to 1998 show an average of 5,33 @entity0 operated per year. Every @entity0 obtained a Cholecystectomy -- 15 conventional open Cholecystectomies and 13 Laparoscopies, which were primarily performed in @entity0 in our clinic in 1991. Besides cholecystectomy in one case a Hepaticoenterostomy was necessary and in another case surgical treatment of the Papilla of Vater and the Common Bile Duct was performed. In 22 @entity0 symptomatic @entity7 was the indication for a Cholecystectomy. Another @entity0 had a @entity3 consisting of heterotopic Duodenal glands, two @entity0 showed a @entity2 following trauma and cardiac operation and three @entity0 had @entity5 without @entity8 . Clinical data was collected and retrospectively reviewed. Additionally, we created a personal questionnaire to carry through a follow-up. Three @entity0 were less than 3 1/2 years old. The youngest @entity0 was only 5 months old and presented with @entity7 and @entity6 . Another male @entity0 , aged 2 years received a Cholecystectomy and a Hepaticoenterostomy because of a Choledochal Cyst Type Ib (Todani-Classification). And a 3-year-old- @entity0 had a @entity2 caused by @entity1 following cardiac operation nine days before.

title: Treatment of extrahepatic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) take up @entity1 -specific antigen and migrate to regional lymph nodes to generate anti- @entity1 immunity. Although DC infiltration within @entity0 @entity1 tissue has been reported, the subset distribution has not been fully investigated. This study used immunohistochemistry to investigate DC subset distribution in @entity2 . DCs expressing @entity6 , which are considered to be mature DCs, were present mainly in the invasive margin of @entity1 . @entity6 (+) DCs in the invasive margin formed clusters with lymphocytes, the majority of which were CD45RO(+) T cells. The number of @entity3 (+) T cells was greater than that of @entity4 (+) T cells in these DC-lymphocyte clusters. The elongated cytoplasmic processes of @entity6 (+) DCs engulfed @entity3 (+) T cells. DCs that express @entity5 were located throughout @entity1 tissue. Although the number of @entity5 (+) DCs was almost the same as that of @entity6 (+) DCs in the invasive margin of @entity1 , @entity5 (+) DCs were mostly scattered and rarely formed clusters with lymphocytes. DCs that expressed both @entity5 and @entity6 were rare. Moreover, about 20% of lymphocytes in DC-lymphocyte clusters were positive for Ki-67, and @entity6 (+) DCs were attached to Ki-67(+) cells. @entity6 (+) DCs were also present in T-cell areas that had a distinctive structure involving the presence of B-cell lymphoid follicles. These results suggest that in the invasive margin of the @entity2 , mature @entity6 (+) DCs form clusters with T cells to promote T-cell activation for the generation of @entity1 -specific immunity.

title: Mature dendritic cells make clusters with T cells in the invasive margin of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We studied the regulation of spontaneous activity in the embryonic (day 10-11) @entity4 spinal cord. After bath application of either an excitatory @entity0 (AP-5 or CNQX) and a nicotinic cholinergic (DHbetaE or @entity8 ) antagonist, or @entity6 and @entity3 receptor ( @entity2 , @entity9 , and @entity1 ) antagonists, spontaneous activity was blocked for a period (30-90 min) but then reappeared in the presence of the drugs. The efficacy of the antagonists was assessed by their continued ability to block spinal reflex pathways during the reappearance of spontaneous activity. Spontaneous activity ceased over the 4-5 hour monitoring period when both sets of antagonists were applied together. After application of @entity6 and @entity3 receptor antagonists, the frequency of occurrence of spontaneous @entity7 slowed and became highly variable. By contrast, during glutamatergic and nicotinic cholinergic blockade, the frequency of occurrence of spontaneous @entity7 initially slowed and then recovered to stabilize near the predrug level of activity. Whole-cell recordings made from ventral spinal neurons revealed that this recovery was accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of spontaneously occurring synaptic events. We also measured changes in the apparent equilibrium potential of the rhythmic, synaptic drive of ventral spinal neurons using voltage or discontinuous current clamp. After excitatory blockade, the apparent equilibrium potential of the rhythmic synaptic drive shifted approximately 10 mV more negative to approximately -30 mV. In the presence of @entity2 , the apparent equilibrium potential of the synaptic drive shifted toward the @entity5 equilibrium potential. Considered with other evidence, these findings suggest that spontaneous rhythmic output is a general property of developing spinal networks, and that @entity3 and glycinergic networks alter their function to compensate for the blockade of excitatory transmission.

title: Blockade and recovery of spontaneous rhythmic activity after application of neurotransmitter antagonists to spinal networks of the XXXX embryo.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the long-term outcomes of @entity2 ureter grafts as novel conduits for haemodialysis @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity0 underwent placement of a total of 40 SynerGraft 100 (SG100; CryoLife Europa(  ), Guildford, UK) @entity2 ureter grafts between April 2002 and February 2009. Prospective data were collected on all @entity0 , including active surveillance with blood flow studies and 6-monthly duplex ultrasound studies. Main outcome measures were primary and secondary patency rates. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 97  weeks (range 4-270). Thirteen @entity0 died from unrelated causes during the study period; 12 of these @entity0 had a functioning graft at the time of @entity1 . Five @entity0 underwent transplantation, and all had a functioning graft at transplantation. Twelve @entity0 had a functioning graft at the end of the study period. One hundred and ten stenoses were detected, and 97 venoplasty procedures were performed. Of the stenoses, 41.8% were located at the venous anastomosis, 12.7% within the graft, 17.3% in the outflow veins, and 28.1% in central veins. No arterial stenoses were detected. Primary patency rates were 53% at 6  months and 14% at 1  year. Secondary patency rates were 81% at 6  months, 75% at 1  year, and 56% at 2  years. CONCLUSIONS: Active surveillance and intervention was able to achieve satisfactory long-term secondary patency for these novel conduits compared with those made of PTFE seen in other studies [1].

title: Results of a seven-year, single-centre experience of the long-term outcomes of XXXX ureter grafts used as novel conduits for haemodialysis @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and B are treated with @entity6 and @entity7 replacement therapy. Treatment may be complicated by inhibitory antibodies that require bypass therapy such as FEIBA(  ) in which @entity5 (FII) is suggested to be the main active component. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of FII on @entity3 recombinant @entity0 (rh) FII (MEDI8111) or plasma-derived @entity0 FII (pdhFII) was given as single doses to anaesthetized @entity3 and B @entity1 3 min before tail transection and rhFVIII or rhFIX was used for comparison. After tail transection, automatic @entity4 registration was used to continuously measure @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 time (BT). Thrombin generation and plasma concentrations of @entity0 @entity6 , @entity7 , FII and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) were measured. RESULTS: @entity2 and BT were dose-dependently decreased by rhFVIII or rhFIX. The concentrations that decreased @entity2 and BT for rhFVIII by 50% (EC50) were 0.06 and 0.01 IU mL(-1) and for rhFIX 0.07 and 0.07 IU mL(-1) , respectively. Administration of rhFVIII and rhFIX dose-dependently increased thrombin generation potential but did not affect TAT. MEDI8111 and pdhFII dose-dependently decreased @entity2 and BT in @entity3 @entity1 , EC50 37 and 87 and 100 and 155 mg L(-1) respectively. In @entity8 @entity1 given MEDI8111 EC50 was for @entity2 56 mg L(-1) and for BT 67 mg L(-1) . TAT and thrombin generation increased dose-dependently for MEDI8111 and pdhFII. CONCLUSION: MEDI8111 dose-dependently decreased @entity4 and increased procoagulant activity in @entity3 and B @entity1 and suggest that MEDI8111 may be useful for preventing @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity3 and B.

title: Recombinant @entity0 @entity5 (MEDI8111) prevents @entity4 in @entity3 and B XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nowadays the number of asymptomatic, incidental @entity1 being detected increased as a result of the widespread use of noninvasive abdominal imaging modalities, including ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of the study is to analyze the atypical, complex morphologic changes and anatomical variants of renal structure, with @entity1 -like appearance. This is important especially in screening revealing @entity1 in asymptomatic @entity0 or in @entity0 with atypical symptoms. Material comprises a group of 186 @entity0 in which the US examination was performed between 1996 and 2002, in 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin. In 20 @entity0 the local thickening of renal cortex was found, protruding from the surface of the kidney, so-called " @entity2 ", constituting the anatomical variation. In eight cases the cortex thickening suggesting the presence of the @entity2 , proved to be @entity4 . Diagnosing of small asymptomatic @entity1 , less than 3 cm in diameter, was difficult. They have appearance of protruding cortex thickening distorting the renal outlines. The assessment of renal outlines was an important morphologic factor. Small @entity4 showed @entity3 . Regular @entity1 shape was rarely seen in larger @entity1 . The normal renal shape was more often seen in small @entity1 , while the large mass produces irregular distortion of renal outline. In four cases the oblique section of the renal pyramid has within the central part of kidney the appearance of @entity1 . The differentiating of oval cortex thickenings protruding from the lateral renal margin--presenting "renal gibbuses"--and small @entity4 is difficult and requires supplementary helical CT examination with spatial reconstructions. Dynamic CT with early bolus of contrast agent and late sections is indicated. The lesion sizes, regularity of its margins, distortion of renal shape, echogenicity similar with the normal renal cortex were important in US examination. MR enhanced with @entity5 and CT guided biopsy enables definite diagnosis.

title: Differential diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Semaphorins (SEMAs) consist of a large family of secreted and membrane-anchored proteins that are important in neuronal pathfinding and axon guidance in selected areas of the developing nervous system. Of them, @entity12 has been reported to have a chemotactic activity in neurogenesis and to be an immunomodulator; however, little is known about the relevance of @entity12 in the behaviors of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: We evaluated @entity12 expression in @entity3 -derived cell lines and primary @entity3 samples using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry (sq-IHC). In addition, @entity12 knockdown cells (shSEMA7A cells) were used for functional experiments, including cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and migration assays. We also analyzed the clinical correlation between @entity12 status and clinical behaviors in @entity0 with @entity3 . RESULTS: @entity12 mRNA and protein were up-regulated significantly (P<0.05) in @entity3 -derived cell lines compared with @entity0 normal oral keratinocytes. The shSEMA7A cells showed decreased cellular growth by cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase, resulting from up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors ( @entity4 and @entity9 ) and down-regulation of cyclins ( @entity7 , cyclin E) and cyclin-dependent kinases ( @entity11 , @entity8 , and @entity10 ); and decreased invasiveness and migration activities by reduced secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) ( @entity5 , proMMP-2, pro-MMP-9), and expression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We also found inactivation of the @entity2 pathways, an upstream molecule of cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and reduced secretion of MMPs in shSEMA7A cells. sq-IHC showed that @entity12 expression in the primary OSCCs was significantly (P = 0.001) greater than that in normal counterparts and was correlated with primary tumoral size (P = 0.0254) and regional lymph node @entity1 (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Our data provide evidence for an essential role of @entity12 in tumoral growth and @entity1 in @entity3 and indicated that @entity12 may play a potential diagnostic/therapeutic target for use in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Semaphorin7A Promotion of Tumoral Growth and @entity1 in XXXX Oral Cancer by Regulation of G1 Cell Cycle and Matrix Metalloproteases: Possible Contribution to Tumoral Angiogenesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the role of @entity6 levels in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 . METHODS: Ascitic @entity6 , @entity3 and serum @entity6 levels were measured in 77 @entity0 with @entity5 (35 with @entity1 , 30 @entity2 and 12 @entity4 ). Control serum samples were obtained from 20 healthy subjects. @entity6 and @entity3 levels were measured by ELISA. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (BFM) by skin fold measurement were calculated for all @entity0 and control groups. Peritoneal biopsy, @entity5 cytology and cultures or biochemical values were used for the diagnosis of @entity0 . RESULTS: In @entity0 with @entity1 , the mean serum and @entity5 @entity6 levels and their ratios were significantly decreased compared to the other @entity0 groups and controls. In @entity7 , ascitic fluid @entity3 levels were significantly higher than @entity1 and @entity5 . BMI and BFM values did not distinguish between @entity0 and controls. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity1 , levels of @entity6 and @entity3 were significantly lower than in @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: @entity6 levels in the differential diagnosis between benign and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this report was to investigate the contribution of @entity2 / @entity5 alleles to  the expression of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in  Mexican @entity0 . A total of 257 @entity0 were included in the study: 61with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 30 with high-grade ( @entity4 ), 73 with @entity1 and 93 healthy females. All were Mexican Mestizos. For HLA class II typing, PCR-SSOP methodology was used. @entity3 viral DNA was detected by PCR with specific primers for E6-E7 region. @entity3 was found in 52% of the @entity0 with @entity1  as well as in 19% of @entity0 with @entity4 and in 12.5% of females with @entity4 . @entity2   04:03 (OR  = 5.88) was found increased in @entity0 with @entity4 as compared with controls, although significance (p  = 0.04) was lost after correction (pc  =NS). @entity2   04:03 seems to influence the risk for developing @entity4 , disregarding the presence of @entity3 . @entity2   01:01 (OR  = 0.12; p  = 0.01) may confer protection to the development of @entity1 . An analysis performed stratifying by the presence of @entity3 infection showed that the frequency of @entity2   04:07 (OR  = 2.71) was increased in @entity1 @entity0 infected with @entity3 , confirming that the HLA association is HPV dependent. These results shed light on the influence that this virus may have in the expression of @entity1 in the susceptible host. Genetic background is, therefore, a crucial factor in understanding the etiopathogenesis of @entity1 in HPV-positive @entity0 .

title: @entity3 and @entity2 alleles are associated with cervical carcinoma in Mexican Mestizo XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To verify changes in left ventricular (LV) volumes and regional myocardial wall motion after implantation of a textile cardiac support device (CSD) for passive external constraint in @entity1 . METHODS: In nine male @entity0 participating in a non-randomized clinical trial LV volumes were determined and the segmental LV wall motion was studied by contrast-enhanced electron-beam CT in a sectionwise manner at three ventricular levels (base, middle and apex of ventricle) before and 32+/-6 months after CSD implantation. In 16 myocardial segments ejection fraction and wall thickening were measured semiautomatically after drawing the myocardial contours. The wall motion score index was calculated based on semiquantitative visual grading in each segment. RESULTS: The global LV volumes decreased significantly from 304.3 +/- 90.9 to 231.5 +/- 103.9 ml at end-diastole and from 239.7 +/- 83.7 to 164.0 +/- 97.7 at end-systole (P<0.05). Overall ejection fraction increased from 14.8 +/- 8.2 to 25.7 +/- 17.1% (P<0.05). A segment-by-segment analysis demonstrated a significant increase of regional ejection fraction in the basal myocardium as well as in the mid-inferior, mid-inferolateral, and mid-anterolateral myocardium. Overall wall thickening increased from 16.4 +/- 13.3 to 24.2 +/- 18.1% (P<0.05), but without significant differences in a segment-by-segment comparison. The mean wall motion score index improved from 2.70 +/- 0.26 to 2.20 +/- 0.71 (P<0.05), with an increased wall motion in eight (89%) @entity0 . A section-by-section analysis demonstrated significantly improved wall motion in the inferior and lateral segments at each ventricular level. Postoperatively, the number of @entity2 and markedly @entity3 segments decreased significantly (P<0.05) from 56 (39%) to 26 (18%) and from 76 (53%) to 56 (37%), respectively. CONCLUSION: CSD implantation improves segmental wall motion, predominantly in the inferior and lateral myocardium, and reduces the number of @entity2 and @entity3 segments.

title: Passive external cardiac constraint improves segmental left ventricular wall motion and reduces @entity2 area in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We recently reported the isolation of a unique subpopulation of @entity0 stromal cells from bone marrow (BM) termed marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells, capable of differentiating in vitro into mature-like cells from all three germ layers. The @entity1 tension ( @entity4 ) in BM ranges from 1 to 7%, which prompted us to examine the role of @entity4 in regulating the capacity of MIAMI cells both to self-renew and maintain their pluripotentiality ( @entity3 ) or to progress toward osteoblastic differentiation. MIAMI cells were grown under low- @entity4 conditions (1, 3, 5, and 10% @entity1 ) or air (21% @entity1 ). The proliferation rate of cells exposed to 3% @entity1 (3 days) increased, resulting in cell numbers more than threefold higher than those of cells exposed to air (at 7 days). In cells grown under osteoblastic differentiation conditions, the expression of the osteoblastic markers osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, @entity7 , and @entity6 and alkaline phosphatase activity was upregulated when incubated in air; however, it was blocked at low (3%) @entity4 . Similarly, biomineralization of long-term cell cultures was high under osteoblastic differentiation conditions in air but was undetectable at low (3%) @entity4 . In contrast, low @entity4 upregulated mRNAs for @entity5 , @entity8 , telomerase reverse transcriptase, and @entity2 -inducible factor-1 alpha, and increased the expression of SSEA-4 compared to air. Moreover, the expression of embryonic stem cell markers was sustained even under osteogenic culture conditions. Similar results were obtained using commercially available marrow stromal cells. We hypothesize a physiological scenario in which primitive MIAMI cells self-renew while localized to areas of low @entity4 in the bone marrow, but tend to differentiate toward osteoblasts when they are located closer to blood vessels and exposed to higher @entity4 . Our results strongly suggest that maintaining developmentally primitive @entity0 cells in vitro at low @entity4 would be more physiological and favor @entity3 over differentiation.

title: Low @entity1 tension inhibits osteogenic differentiation and enhances @entity3 of XXXX MIAMI cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebellar @entity2 (CPA) bears a well-deserved reputation of benignity. However, these @entity1 infiltrate the brainstem in a number of cases, and total removal may cause morbidity, whereas subtotal removal can lead to recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To define guidelines for @entity1 removal, management of @entity1 remnants and recurrence, we reviewed 72 cases of CPA of childhood operated on in our department since the introduction of CT. RESULTS: Surgical removal was total in 57 cases, had to be withheld because of brainstem infiltration in nine cases, and was revealed subtotal by postoperative imaging in six cases. Two of the latter were reoperated on; six had only radiological controls and did not progress. Early in the series, eight @entity0 had external irradiation because of subtotal removal or recurrence. Three @entity0 were reoperated on for @entity1 recurrence, between six and eight years after complete removal. We had no @entity1 -related mortality; long-term disability could be related to previous @entity3 , the severity of clinical state at presentation, and complications of surgery and irradiation. CONCLUSION: The goal of surgery is to cure the @entity0 with minimal morbidity, however, total removal is not always possible. In our experience: i) @entity1 remnants can be surveyed radiologically, and reoperated only in case of progression; ii) the indications for radiotherapy should be the exception; iii) clinical and radiological follow-up should be protracted beyond entry into adulthood.

title: [Cerebellar XXXX in @entity0 . Report of 72 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective longitudinal observational study using baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVE: To study the natural history of @entity3 , focusing on the significance of changes affecting the individual components of the intervertebral disc. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The natural history of the @entity1 is poorly understood. Focusing on the relative prevalence, temporal evolution, and interactions of pathology in the anulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and the end plates can help in better understanding of this process. METHODS: MRIs of the lumbar spine in 63 @entity0 , obtained at a mean interval of 30 months, were evaluated independently by two neuroradiologists to assess the temporal evolution of degeneration changes in 378 discs between T12 through S1 segments. In addition, a direct side-by-side comparison of two studies was also performed. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between the degeneration of individual disc components and to find the predictors of @entity2 . RESULTS: Radial anular tears and end plate defects were associated with worse @entity2 at the time of the initial study. Both end plate defects and @entity2 were rare in the absence of radial tears. Multiple nominal logistic regression analysis showed that radial tears and herniation at the time of the initial study, along with the duration between the two imaging studies were the significant predictors of @entity2 . Age, sex, and the segmental disc level did not show any significant association with temporal progression of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Radial tears and herniation are significant predictors of progressive @entity2 , which was not seen in the absence of radial tears. End plate defects also frequently occur before @entity2 but rarely in the absence of anular tears.

title: Temporal interactions of degenerative changes in individual components of the lumbar intervertebral discs: a sequential magnetic resonance imaging study in XXXX less than 40 years of age.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tick-borne spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses are emerging infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Madagascar, the endemicity of @entity3 and their vectors has been incompletely studied. The first part of the present study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to identify potential anthropophilic tick vectors for SFG rickettsiae on @entity2 from seven Malagasy regions, and to detect and characterize rickettsiae in these ticks. Amblyomma variegatum was the only anthropophilic tick species found on 262 @entity2 . Using a novel ompB-specific qPCR, screening for rickettsial DNA was performed on 111 A. variegatum ticks. Rickettsial DNA was detected in 96 of 111 ticks studied (86.5%). @entity5 africae was identified as the only infecting @entity5 using phylogenetic analysis of ompA and ompB gene sequences and three variable intergenic spacers from 11 ticks. The second part of the study was a cross-sectional survey for antibodies against SFG rickettsiae in plasma samples taken from healthy, pregnant @entity0 at six locations in Madagascar, two at sea level and four between 450 and 1300m altitude. An indirect fluorescent antibody test with @entity4 as surrogate SFG rickettsial antigen was used. We found @entity4 -seropositives at all altitudes with prevalences between 0.5% and 3.1%. Our results suggest that A. variegatum ticks highly infected with @entity5 are the most prevalent @entity2 -associated tick vectors for @entity1 in Madagascar. Transmission of @entity1 to @entity0 occurs at different altitudes in Madagascar and should be considered as a relevant cause of febrile diseases.

title: High detection rate of @entity5 africae in Amblyomma variegatum but low prevalence of anti-rickettsial antibodies in healthy pregnant XXXX in Madagascar.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence and incidence of @entity2 are estimated from autopsy series only. Although benign and generally asymptomatic, @entity2 can cause serious complications. AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of @entity2 and to attempt to quantify the risk of major complications such as @entity5 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the radiology database of a Regional University Hospital over a 7-year period: the radiological records of 83,181 @entity0 who had an abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance scan were reviewed. Diagnoses made at imaging were reviewed and related to clinical course. RESULTS: @entity2 was diagnosed in 2071 @entity0 (2.5% prevalence). In 226 @entity0 (10.9%), haemangioma had diameter of 4cm or more ( @entity6 ). The risk of @entity4 was assessed on @entity0 without concomitant @entity1 . Spontaneous @entity4 occurred in 5/1067 @entity0 (0.47%). All 5 @entity0 had @entity6 : 4 had exophytic lesions and presented with haemoperitoneum; 1 with centrally located @entity1 experienced @entity4 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 have a low but relevant risk of @entity3 (3.2% in this series), particularly when peripherally located and exophytic. Surgery might be considered in these cases.

title: Prevalence and clinical outcome of XXXX with specific reference to the risk of @entity3 : A large retrospective cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The adhesive proteins in the desmosome type of cell junction consist of two members of the cadherin superfamily, the desmogleins and desmocollins. Both desmogleins and desmocollins occur as at least three different isoforms with various patterns of expression. The molecular mechanisms controlling the differential expression of the desmosomal cadherin isoforms are not yet known. We have begun an investigation of desmoglein gene expression by cloning and analysing the promoters of the @entity0 genes coding for the type 1 and type 3 desmogleins ( @entity6 and @entity7 ). The type 1 isoform is restricted to the suprabasal layers of the epidermis and is the autoantigen in the autoimmune blistering @entity2 pemphigus foliaceous. The type 3 desmoglein isoform is also expressed in the epidermis, but in lower layers than the type 1 isoform, and is the autoantigen in @entity5 . @entity4 genomic clones were obtained containing 4.2 kb upstream of the translation start site of @entity6 and 517 bp upstream of the @entity7 start site. Sequencing of 660 bp upstream of @entity6 and 517 bp upstream of @entity7 revealed that there was no obvious TATA box, but a possible CAAT box was present at -238 in @entity6 and at -193 in @entity7 relative to the translation start site. Primer extension analysis and RNase protection experiments revealed four putative transcription initiation sites for @entity6 at positions -163, -151, -148 and -141, and seven closely linked sites for @entity7 , the longest being at -140 relative to the translation start site. The sequences at these possible sites at -166 to -159 in @entity6 (TTCAGTCC) and at -124 to -117 in @entity7 (CTTAGACT) have some similarity to the initiator sequence (CTCANTCT) described for a TATA-less promoter often from -3 to +5, and the true transcription initiator site might therefore be the A residue in these sequences. There were two regions of similarity between the @entity6 and @entity7 promoters just upstream of the transcription initiation sites, of 20 and 13 bp, separated by 41 bp in @entity6 and 36 bp in @entity7 . The significance of these regions of similarity remains to be elucidated, but the results suggest that they represent a point at which these two desmoglein genes are co-ordinately regulated. Analysis of the upstream sequences revealed GC-rich regions and consensus binding sites for transcription factors including @entity3 and @entity8 . Exon boundaries were conserved compared with the classical cadherin E-cadherin, but the equivalent of the second cadherin intron was lacking. A 4.2 kb region of the @entity0 @entity6 promoter sequence was linked to the lacZ gene reporter gene in such a way that there was only one translation start site, and this construct was used to generate @entity1 . We present the first transgenic analysis of a promoter region taken from a desmosomal cadherin gene. Our results suggest that the 4.2 kb upstream region of @entity6 does not contain all the regulatory elements necessary for correct expression of this gene but might have elements that regulate activity during hair growth.

title: Characterization of the regulatory regions in the @entity0 desmoglein genes encoding the pemphigus foliaceous and XXXX antigens.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors that might influence the recurrence of both @entity5 and @entity2 following laparoscopic treatment of @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study in a University teaching hospital. We reviewed data from @entity0 referred for laparoscopy between March 1993 and November 2007. We selected @entity0 who were followed up throughout Transvaginal-ultrasound (TV-US) after a first conservative laparoscopy for @entity1 . After laparoscopy, all @entity0 were followed up according to an internal protocol: a standard gynaecologic examination, the assessment of @entity5 and a TV-US scan that were repeated at 3, 6, and 12 months, and subsequently on a yearly basis. Sixteen factors were assessed by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate their associations with recurrence of @entity2 and @entity3 related- @entity1 . RESULTS: 401 @entity0 were enrolled. A total of 154 (38.4%) experienced moderate or severe @entity3 after laparoscopy; @entity2 were observed by TV-US in 74 (18.4%) @entity0 . In the multivariable model, age at menarche, severity of chronic @entity4 (CPP) and dysmenorrhoea prior to surgery were significant risk factors for recurrence/occurrence of @entity3 . Age at the first laparoscopy, stage of disease, pre-operative severity of CPP, and pregnancy were predictive factors of the recurrence for such lesions. CONCLUSION: The severity of CPP prior to the first laparoscopy showed the only significant factor in the overall prediction of recurrence of @entity3 and @entity2 . @entity0 with severe CPP at the time of their first surgery might represent a sub-group of @entity0 with a more aggressive form of @entity1 .

title: Long-term follow-up after laparoscopic treatment for @entity1 : multivariate analysis of predictive factors for recurrence of XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Little is known about factors that affect the indigenous populations of rhizobia in soils. We compared the abundance, diversity and genetic structure of @entity5 viciae populations in soils under different crop managements, i.e., wheat and @entity2 monocultures, crop rotation, and permanent grassland. Rhizobial populations were sampled from nodules of @entity4 - or vetch plants grown in soils collected at three geographically distant sites in France, each site comprising a plot under long-term @entity2 monoculture. Molecular characterization of isolates was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer as a neutral marker of the genomic background, and PCR-restriction fragment length 0polymorphism of a nodulation gene region, nodD, as a marker of the symbiotic function. The diversity, estimated by richness in types and Simpson's index, was consistently and remarkably lower in soils under @entity2 monoculture than under the other soil managements at the three sites, except for the permanent grassland. The highest level of diversity was found under @entity3 monoculture. @entity0 sequences of the main rDNA intergenic spacer types were determined and sequence analysis showed that the prevalent genotypes in the three @entity2 fields were closely related. These results suggest that long-term @entity2 monoculturing decreased the diversity of @entity5 viciae populations and favored a specific subgroup of genotypes, but the size of these populations was generally preserved. We also observed a shift in the distribution of the symbiotic genotypes within the populations under @entity2 monoculture, but the diversity of the symbiotic genotypes was less affected than that of IGS types. The possible effect of such changes on biological @entity1 fixation remains unknown and this requires further investigation.

title: Long-term effects of crop management on XXXX viciae populations.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In this retrospective clinical study the incidence of complications in 58 consecutive, with anterior screw fixation stabilized @entity0 after @entity1 of the odontoid process is evaluated. In 51 @entity0 the @entity1 has been defined as type II according to Anderson, in 6 @entity0 an oblique @entity1 was present and one @entity0 showed a cephalad @entity1 . Preoperatively, in only 19 % of the @entity0 (n = 11) no dislocation of the dens occurred. 32 @entity0 were treated with single screw osteosynthesis, in 26 @entity0 two screws were implanted. Significant complications with clinical relevance were registered in 14 @entity0 (24 %), in 10 cases (17 %) an operative reintervention was required. Intraoperatively, in one @entity0 a @entity2 of the carotid artery while winding around the motor drill occurred and in another case a complete malplacement of the screw posteriorly to the odontoid process was observed. A clearly excentric positioning of the implant was evaluated in 5 @entity0 with a consecutive high rate of implant migration (n = 3). Two @entity0 died perioperatively not related to the cervical injury. Postoperatively, one @entity0 with a @entity5 due to an iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus required reoperation as well as 4 @entity0 with instability because of implant migration. @entity0 beyond the age of 65 years (n = 3) were significantly overrepresented in that group. In one case, the secondary intervention was caused by a @entity3 of the dens @entity4 . Complications without any relevance to the clinical and functional long term result were fusions in malposition of the odontoid process in 14 @entity0 (24 %) and 10 (17 %) marginal screw perforations laterally. Differences in the use of one or two screws have not been observed in this study, although the investigations showed a tendency between marginal lateral screw perforations and double screw osteosynthesis and an increasing number of complications in the geriatric cohort.

title: [Incidence of complications of the screw osteosynthesis of odontoid process XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: We evaluated efficacy, @entity2 and potential synergism of adenoviral-mediated @entity6 kinase (tk)- @entity9 (GCV) gene therapy in combination with 4 cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents ( @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity8 ) in 3 @entity0 @entity3 cell lines. Cell lines were exposed to (1) 10 different concentrations of adenovirus expressing tk plus GCV; (2) 8 different concentrations of either @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity7 or @entity5 ; or (3) combination treatment consisting of either low-, medium- or high-dose tk-GCV gene therapy plus 8 different concentrations of a single chemotherapeutic agent. Cell survival was determined using a @entity1 -based cell proliferation-assay. For most combinations, adding chemotherapy to tk-GCV gene therapy did not result in any therapeutic benefit. In some scenarios, we observed modest improvement with combinations of high-dose tk-GCV gene therapy and high-dose standard chemotherapy over tk-GCV monotherapy. Low concentrations of @entity8 enhanced the antitumor effects of low- and medium-dose tk-GCV gene therapy. Low level negative interference between tk-GCV gene therapy and chemotherapy occurred in some combinations but was overall negligible. In general, adding chemotherapy to tk-GCV gene therapy did not demonstrate significant therapeutic benefit in vitro. High doses of chemotherapeutic agents should be used in combination with tk-GCV gene therapy in order to take advantage of the occasional instance where modest improvement occurred with combination therapy. Additional studies exploring the role of @entity8 in enhancing the tk-GCV system are required. Investigation of other, potentially more synergistic chemotherapeutic agents in combination with tk-GCV is warranted.

title: Combination of adenovirus-mediated XXXX kinase gene therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy in @entity3 in vitro.

answer: @entity6