abstract: BACKGROUND: Aboriginal @entity0 globally, and First Nations @entity0 in Canada particularly, suffer from high rates of type 2 @entity1 and related complications compared with the general population. Research into the unique barriers faced by healthcare providers working in on-reserve First Nations communities is essential for developing effective quality improvement strategies. METHODS: In Phase I of this two-phased study, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were held with 24 healthcare providers in the Sioux Lookout Zone in north-western Ontario. A follow-up survey was conducted in Phase II as part of a larger project, the Canadian First Nations @entity1 Clinical Management and Epidemiologic (CIRCLE) study. The survey was completed with 244 healthcare providers in 19 First Nations communities in 7 Canadian provinces, representing three isolation levels (isolated, semi-isolated, non-isolated). Interviews, focus groups and survey questions all related to barriers to providing optimal @entity1 care in First Nations communities. RESULTS: the key factors emerging from interviews and focus group discussions were at the @entity0 , provider, and systemic level. Survey results indicated that, across three isolation levels, healthcare providers' perceived @entity0 factors as having the largest impact on @entity1 care. However, physicians and nurses were more likely to rank @entity0 factors as having a large impact on care than @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and physicians were significantly less likely to rank @entity0 -provider communication as having a large impact than @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Addressing @entity0 factors was considered the highest impact strategy for improving @entity1 care. While this may reflect " @entity0 blaming," it also suggests that self-management strategies may be well-suited for this context. Program planning should focus on training programs for @entity2 , who provide a unique link between @entity0 and clinical services. Research incorporating @entity0 perspectives is needed to complete this picture and inform quality improvement initiatives.

title: Challenges to the provision of XXXX care in first nations communities: results from a national survey of healthcare providers in Canada.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 can occur after @entity3 in the absence of primary cardiac causes. The neuroanatomic basis of @entity1 -related @entity2 is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To identify regions of @entity7 associated with @entity2 using a method free of the bias of an a priori hypothesis as to any specific location. METHODS: Of 738 consecutive @entity0 with acute @entity3 , the authors identified 50 @entity0 in whom serum @entity8 ( @entity8 ) elevation occurred in the absence of any apparent cause within 3 days of symptom onset. Fifty randomly selected, age- and sex-matched @entity0 with @entity3 without @entity8 elevation served as controls. Diffusion-weighted images with outlines of @entity5 were co-registered to a template, averaged, and then subtracted to find voxels that differed between the two groups. Voxel-wise p values were determined using a nonparametric permutation test to identify specific regions of @entity5 that were associated with @entity8 elevation. RESULTS: The study groups were well balanced with respect to @entity1 risk factors, history of @entity4 , @entity5 volume, and frequency of right and left middle cerebral artery territory involvement. Brain regions that were a priori associated with @entity8 elevation included the right posterior, superior, and medial insula and the right inferior parietal lobule. Among @entity0 with @entity6 , the insular cluster was involved in 88% of @entity0 with and 33% without @entity8 elevation (odds ratio: 15.00; 95% CI: 2.65 to 84.79). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 in specific brain regions including the right insula are associated with elevated serum @entity8 level indicative of @entity2 .

title: Neuroanatomic correlates of XXXX -related @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the @entity0 strength and the mode of failure of endodontically treated molars restored with CAD/ @entity1 overlays with fiber reinforced composite build-up of the pulp chamber. METHODS: 40 Devitalized molars were cut over the CEJ and divided into five groups (n=8). The pulp chamber area was filled with: group 0 (control), no resin build-up; group 1, hybrid composite build-up (G-aenial posterior, GC); group 2, as in group 1 but covered with 3 nets of bi-directional E-glass fibers (EverStickNET, Stick Tech Ltd.); group 3, a FRC resin (EverX posterior, GC); group 4, as in group 3 but covered by the bi-directional fibers. The crowns were restored with CAD- @entity1 composite restorations (Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE). Maximum @entity0 loads were recorded in Newton and data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Fragments were analyzed using SEM. RESULTS: The mean static loads in Newton were: group 0: 2448 (546); group 1: 2817 (873); group 2: 2128 (952); group 3: 2429 (1091); group 4: 2577 (833). No significant differences were found between the groups (p>0.05). All specimens fractured in a catastrophic way, under the CEJ. The main crack evolved in the corono-apical direction. In groups 2 and 4 secondary @entity0 paths with apico-coronal direction were detected close to the bi-directional fibers' layer. CONCLUSIONS: For the restoration of endodontically treated molars, the incorporation of FRCs did not influence the load-bearing capacity of the tooth-restoration complex. The SEM analysis showed a low ability of the bi-directional fibers net in deviating the @entity0 but this effect was not sufficient to lead more favorable @entity0 patterns, over the CEJ. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of FRCs to reinforce the "core" of devitalized molars against vertical @entity0 under static loads seems useless when the thickness of the CAD/ @entity1 composite overlay restoration is high.

title: The effect of a fiber reinforced cavity configuration on load bearing capacity and failure mode of endodontically treated molars restored with CAD/ XXXX resin composite overlay restorations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic surgery is a risk factor for @entity3 and this may relate to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the lower body and release of inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to define the changes in microvascular protein permeability and circulating inflammatory mediators after aortic surgery. METHODS: In 11 consecutive @entity0 who underwent elective aortic surgery microvascular permeability in lung and leg was measured before and a median of 2.8 hours after completion of surgery using 111indium (In)-labelled @entity2 and 99mtechnetium (Tc)-labelled red blood cells, yielding a protein leak index (PLI) that is specific for protein permeability. Circulating leucocyte counts and levels of inflammatory mediators were determined. RESULTS: In the lung the PLI rose from a median of 0.6 (range -0.5 to 2.2) x 10(-3)/min before surgery to 5.4 (-2.3 to 33.5) x 10(-3)/min after surgery, and in the leg from 0.3 (-1.6 to 1.7) x 10(-3)/min to 5.0 (1.0 to 27.8) x 10(-3)/min. The increase in PLI in the lung was related to that in the leg. Levels of activated complement C3a and @entity1 necrosis factor-alpha did not change, but levels of interleukin (IL)-6, @entity4 and elastase-alpha 1-antitrypsin increased. After surgery there was slight neutrophilia and the leucocyte counts were inversely related to the @entity4 level. The rise in lung but not in leg PLI was greatest in @entity0 with the highest @entity4 levels and the lowest leucocyte counts. CONCLUSIONS: Early after aortic surgery microvascular protein permeability increases in the leg and lung. @entity5 may result in neutrophil activation and release of @entity4 , which may induce neutrophil sequestration and subsequently increased pulmonary microvascular permeability. These findings may help to explain the occurrence of @entity3 after I/R in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 after aortic surgery: the relation between lung and leg microvascular permeability to 111indium-labelled XXXX and circulating mediators.

answer: @entity2


abstract: HIGHLIGHTS: The combined use of fasting plasma @entity1 and hemoglobin A1c test is associated with significantly higher diagnostic rates of @entity4 across age, race/ethnicity, and BMI than using only one test.Combined use of fasting plasma @entity1 , hemoglobin A1c, and oral @entity1 tolerance test do not improve the overall and gender-specific @entity4 prevalence beyond what is observed using a combination fasting plasma @entity1 and hemoglobin A1c test.A redefined hemoglobin A1c test that incorporates racial/ethnic, gender, age, and BMI differences may provide a better way to use hemoglobin A1c test in population-based and clinical settings. AIM: To determine combinations of blood @entity1 tests: oral @entity1 tolerance (OGT), fasting plasma @entity1 (FPG), and hemoglobin @entity2 (HbA1C) that are associated with highest diagnostic rates of @entity4 in non-diabetic American @entity0 and adults. METHODS: The 2007-2008 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data were used for this study. Overall and specific prevalence of @entity4 (defined using OGT   +   FPG, OGT   +   HbA1C, HbA1C   +   FPG, and OGT   +   FPG   +   HbA1C tests) were determined across age, race/ethnicity, sex, and BMI categories. RESULTS: FPG   +   HbA1C test was associated with significantly higher diagnostic rates of @entity4 across age, race/ethnicity, and BMI. Estimates of overall prevalence of @entity4 using OGT   +   FPG, OGT   +   HbA1C, HbA1C   +   FPG, and OGT   +   FPG   +   @entity3 C tests were 20.3, 24.2, 33, and 34.3%, respectively. Compared to OGT   +   FPG, the use of HbA1C   +   FPG test in screening was associated with 44.8, 135, 38.6, and 35.9% increased prevalence of @entity4 in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Mexican-American, and other racial/ethnic @entity0 , respectively. The corresponding values in @entity0 were 67.8, 140, 37.2, and 42.6%, respectively. Combined use of all blood @entity1 tests did not improve the overall and gender-specific @entity4 prevalence beyond what was observed using HbA1C   +   FPG test. CONCLUSION: @entity3 C criteria were associated with higher diagnosis rates of @entity4 than FPG and OGT tests in non-diabetic American @entity0 and adults. Using a combination of HbA1C and FPG test in screening for @entity4 reduces intrinsic systematic bias in using just HbA1C testing and offers the benefits of each test. A well-defined HbA1C that takes into consideration race/ethnicity, gender, age, and body mass index may improve detection of @entity4 in population and clinical settings.

title: Improving Detection of Prediabetes in @entity0 and Adults: Using Combinations of Blood XXXX Tests.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Weight-shifting exercise was empirically practised in correcting the biased posture of @entity0 with @entity1 -induced @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: (1) Evaluate the loading symmetry at the buttock-seat interface as a reflection of a @entity2 in sitting. (2) Investigate if weight-shifting exercises could correct the postural problem of @entity0 with @entity3 . DESIGN: Control group design. @entity0 : 16 subjects with @entity3 after @entity1 and 14 healthy individuals. PROCEDURES: Subjects were assessed for buttock-seat interface loading while in erect sitting using a seat pressure mapping system. Subjects with @entity1 then practised one session of weight-shifting exercise followed by a reassessment. RESULTS: The subjects with @entity3 , particularly those with right hemisphere lesion, had more load borne at the buttock ipsilateral to the side of @entity1 . The weight-shifting exercise did not produce an immediate improvement on the loading asymmetry. CONCLUSION: The exercise would require further investigation to clarify its benefits in treating postural problems after @entity1 .

title: Does weight-shifting exercise improve postural symmetry in sitting in XXXX with @entity3 ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 synthase requires @entity7 for its activity. In animal models of @entity2 , changes in circulating @entity7 concentrations precede increases in @entity5 . We measured plasma @entity7 and @entity5 concentrations on three consecutive days in 10 @entity0 with @entity3 and 10 critically ill control @entity0 . Total @entity5 concentration was measured after reduction of @entity6 to @entity5 . @entity7 concentrations were measured using HPLC. The median (range) APACHE II score was 22 (13-27) in the @entity0 with @entity3 and 25 (7-28) in the control group. The @entity5 concentration was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity3 than in controls (P = 0.01) on all days but did not change with time. @entity7 concentrations were highest in the @entity0 with @entity3 on day 1 only (P = 0.037). In the seven @entity0 with @entity1 , both @entity5 and @entity7 concentrations tended to be higher than in the 13 @entity0 without @entity1 . The @entity5 concentration correlated with @entity7 concentration on day 1 only (P = 0.05). In @entity0 with @entity3 , both @entity7 and total @entity5 concentrations were higher than those in critically ill controls but were increased mainly in @entity0 with @entity1 . In summary, @entity7 concentration increases during @entity3 , in line with increases in @entity5 concentration. However, as for @entity5 , concentrations

title: Circulating XXXX concentrations in @entity0 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of blue dye alone as a marker for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) biopsy is effective, but combining it with isotope marking can improve the success rate. Use of the isotope adds extra cost and there are potential radiation hazards. The two techniques were compared in a randomized trial. METHODS: @entity1 with early @entity0 (less than 3 cm) and no palpable axillary nodes were recruited. @entity1 older than 70 years with @entity2 or previous surgery to the breast or axilla were excluded. @entity1 were randomized to either blue dye alone or combined mapping for @entity3 biopsy. All @entity1 had a level I and II axillary dissection after the @entity3 biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 123 @entity1 were recruited, of whom five were excluded from analysis. Blue dye alone was used in 57 @entity1 and 61 had combined mapping. Baseline demographic data were similar in the two cohorts. The success rate of @entity3 biopsy was higher with combined mapping than with blue dye alone (100 versus 86 per cent; P = 0.002). The accuracy and false-negative rate were similar (accuracy 100 per cent for combined mapping versus 98 per cent for blue dye; false-negative rate 0 versus 5 per cent). CONCLUSION: Combined mapping was superior to blue dye alone in identification of the @entity3 , but accuracy and false-negative rates were similar.

title: Randomized clinical trial comparing blue dye with combined dye and isotope for @entity3 biopsy in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 .) that had been malted for 5 d developed only a small amount of bound (inactive) limit dextrinase, and very little free (active) enzyme was detected. Continuation of malting for up to 10 d only slightly increased the amount of both bound and free forms. Grain grown under conditions of ample moisture (wet grown) for 5 d produced a much higher amount of bound enzyme but a similarly low amount of free enzyme compared to malting conditions. After 10 d of growth there was a decrease in the amount of bound enzyme and a large increase in the amount of free enzyme, such that almost all of the enzyme was present in the free form. A more detailed study of limit dextrinase development in wet-grown grains revealed that a bound form was rapidly produced soon after germination. Five to 6 d after germination the amount of bound enzyme decreased rapidly and a very low amount was found in grains 9 d after germination. Meanwhile, a free form appeared slightly later and its initial rate of development was slow. At about 5 d after germination, precisely when the bound enzyme began to decrease, the free form increased rapidly, so that by 9 d after germination nearly all the enzyme was in the free form. The release of bound limit dextrinase in vitro occurred by proteolytic modification through the action of @entity0 proteinases that were kept active or activated by the presence of reduced @entity1 in the extraction medium. The presence of @entity0 proteinases was confirmed by inhibition studies using the inhibitors @entity4 , @entity3 , antipain, and leupeptin. In addition, most of the bound form of limit dextrinase was soluble in 0.2 M @entity5 buffer (pH 5.0) following extraction at 30[deg]C for 16 h and centrifugation at 3000g.

title: Development of Limit Dextrinase in Germinated @entity2 ( XXXX .) (Evidence of Proteolytic Activation).

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 @entity4 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the downstream component of a cascade that is activated by cellular stresses associated with @entity3 depletion. AMPK exists as heterotrimeric alphabetagamma complexes, where the catalytic subunit has two isoforms ( @entity5 ) with different tissue distributions. The budding @entity1 homologue is the SNF1 kinase complex, which is essential for derepression of @entity2 -repressed genes, and seems to act by the direct phosphorylation of transcription factors in the nucleus. AMPK complexes containing the alpha2 rather than the @entity5 isoform have a greater dependence on @entity4 (approx. 5-fold stimulation compared with approx. 2-fold) both in direct allosteric activation and in reactivation by the upstream kinase. We have also examined their subcellular localization by using Western blotting of nuclear preparations, and by using two detection methods in the confocal microscope, i.e. indirect immunofluorescence of endogenous proteins and transfection of DNA species encoding green fluorescent protein-alpha-subunit fusions. By all three methods a significant proportion of alpha2, but not @entity5 , is localized in the nucleus. Like SNF1, @entity6 complexes could therefore be involved in the direct regulation of gene expression. The observed differences in the regulation of @entity5 complexes by @entity4 might result in differential responses to @entity3 depletion in distinct cellular and subcellular locations.

title: @entity4 -activated protein kinase: greater XXXX dependence, and preferential nuclear localization, of complexes containing the alpha2 isoform.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of baseline U-100 insulin @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on clinical outcomes in severely insulin-resistant @entity0 with inadequately controlled type 2 @entity1 treated with @entity0 regular U-500 insulin (U-500R) from the perspective of current dosing recommendations. METHODS: Data from a recent prospective, randomized @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and twice-daily (BID) U-500R in 325 @entity0 transitioned from high-dose/high-volume U-100 insulin were analyzed across baseline U-100 @entity2 units and units/kg subgroups ( <=300 units [n = 224, 68.9%] and >300 units [n = 101, 31.1%];  <=2 units/kg [n = 96, 29.5%] and >2 units/kg [n = 229, 70.5%]). Subgroup effects on treatment differences were evaluated, and outcomes between treatment-pooled subgroups were compared. RESULTS: At 24 weeks, significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was observed for all subgroups (range: -1.01% to -1.38%, P < .05). Within-subgroup treatment effects were similar with no treatment-by-subgroup interactions; however, greater reduction was noted in the >300-units subgroup (P = .04). No @entity2 /BID differences within subgroups or treatment-by-subgroup interactions were observed for @entity2 or weight increase from baseline. Overall @entity3 rates were similar between treatments (within subgroups) and showed no interactions. However, rates were higher in the >300-units subgroup for severe @entity3 (P = .04) and in both higher-dose subgroups for documented symptomatic @entity3  <=70 mg/dL (P < .001, units; P = .001, units/kg). CONCLUSION: Both @entity2 and BID U-500R were efficacious and safe across @entity2 subgroups, though higher @entity3 rates were observed in higher-dose, treatment-pooled subgroups. Accordingly, U-500R dosing recommendations have been updated.

title: EFFECT OF TOTAL DAILY DOSE ON EFFICACY, DOSING, AND SAFETY OF 2 DOSE TITRATION REGIMENS OF @entity0 REGULAR U-500 INSULIN IN SEVERELY INSULIN-RESISTANT XXXX WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the management of coexisting severe @entity4 in candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Twenty-six candidates for coronary artery bypass complicated with severe @entity4 > or = 70% were analyzed retrospectively. The prevalence of significant @entity4 was 6.4%. There were 21 males and 5 females with a mean age of 65.3 +/- 9.3 years. The hemodynamics of cerebral circulation, intervention for @entity4 , surgical mortality, morbidity, and long-term survival were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of bilateral @entity4 was 30.8% (8/26). Nine @entity0 had total occlusion of the internal carotid artery, 10 had @entity4 of 90-99%, and 7 had @entity4 of 70-89%. Seven @entity0 required mechanical support for @entity5 , including six @entity0 requiring simultaneous artificial ventilation and intraaortic balloon pumping, and one requiring intraaortic balloon pumping. Concomitant carotid endarterectomy and coronary bypass grafting was performed in 10 @entity0 , preceding carotid endarterectomy in 1, and preceding coronary bypass grafting with subsequent carotid endarterectomy in 7. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 22 @entity0 . There was no surgical @entity3 . Although one @entity0 undergoing concomitant carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting had perioperative @entity2 , the remaining @entity0 recovered without any @entity1 (morbidity of @entity2 : 3.8%). The five-year survival rate was 71.9 +/- 11.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery bypass grafting in candidates with @entity4 can be treated safely when appropriate preoperative evaluation and surgical strategies are utilized.

title: [Clinical outcome for coronary artery bypass grafting in XXXX with severe carotid occlusive disease].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 nanoparticles ( @entity6 NP) are present in several daily use products, and the risks associated with their bioaccumulation must be stablished. Thus, an evaluation of several toxicological-related effects was conducted after intraperitoneal injection of @entity6 NPs in @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into two groups, which received 2 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of @entity6 NPs or vehicle saline. Assessments of body and organ weight as well as biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses were performed in order to evaluate adverse effects. The results showed that treatment resulted in an increased visceral and abdominal fat deposition, as well as a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the abdominal fat tissue. The @entity6 NPs induced significant @entity5 and @entity4 . Additionally, @entity6 NP-treated @entity1 showed altered hematological parameters and significant @entity3 , which were characterized by histopathological and biochemical changes. Our results also indicated that @entity6 NPs were absorbed and significantly accumulated in the spleen, liver, and kidney. These results showed the ability of @entity6 NPs to infiltrate different organs and to induce @entity2 and liver and @entity0 . The data obtained are useful for the governmental authorities to legislate and implement regulations concerning the use and the production of this kind of material that might be hazardous to the living beings, as well as to the environment.

title: Visceral fat increase and signals of @entity2 in adipose tissue after administration of XXXX nanoparticles in @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Whole body fat oxidation increases during exercise. However, 24-h fat oxidation on a day with exercise often remains similar to that of sedentary day, when energy intake is increased to achieve an @entity2 . The present study aimed to examine a possibility that time of the day when exercise is performed makes differences in 24-h fat oxidation. As a potential mechanism of exercise affecting 24-h fat oxidation, its relation to exercise-induced transient @entity1 was examined. Nine young male endurance athletes underwent three trials of indirect calorimetry using a metabolic chamber, in which they performed a session of 100 min of exercise before breakfast (AM), after lunch (PM), or two sessions of 50 min of exercise before breakfast and after lunch (AM/PM) at 65% of maximal @entity0 uptake. Experimental meals were designed to achieve individual energy balance. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure was similar among the trials, but 24-h fat oxidation was 1,142    97, 809    88, and 608    46 kcal/24 h in descending order of its magnitude for AM, AM/PM, and PM, respectively (P < 0.05). Twenty-four-hour @entity3 oxidation was 2,558    110, 2,374    114, and 2,062    96 kcal/24 h for PM, AM/PM, and AM, respectively. In spite of @entity2 over 24 h, exercise induced a transient @entity1 , the magnitude of which was negatively correlated with 24-h fat oxidation (r = -0.72, P < 0.01). Similarly, transient @entity3 deficit after exercise was negatively correlated with 24-h fat oxidation (r = -0.40, P < 0.05). The time of the day when exercise is performed affects 24-h fat oxidation, and the transient energy/ @entity3 deficit after exercise is implied as a factor affecting 24-h fat oxidation.

title: Transient XXXX induced by exercise increases 24-h fat oxidation in young trained men.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The expansion of the indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to include early @entity2 has enabled extensive resection. However, post-ESD @entity8 after large resections applied to the @entity2 or pylorus is often difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of oral @entity7 and @entity10 injection for @entity8 after gastric ESD. METHODS: Eight @entity0 who underwent ESD for large neoplastic lesions that extended more than three-fourths of the luminal circumference were enrolled in this study. Four @entity0 underwent ESD for @entity2 , and four @entity0 were treated for pyloric lesions. To prevent post-ESD stricture, oral @entity7 was started at 30 mg daily on the second day after ESD and then tapered gradually in two cases, while topical injection of 80 mg @entity10 was performed once immediately after ESD in six cases. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was used for stricture-related symptoms or signs including @entity4 , @entity5 , or food residuals observed on endoscopy. @entity3 was also applied if a 10-mm-diameter endoscope was not able to pass through the lumen. The incidence of @entity8 , the frequency and period required for @entity3 , the duration required for @entity9 after ESD, and the incidences of @entity6 and perforation were assessed. RESULTS: One of the eight @entity0 had post-ESD @entity8 requiring @entity3 . The median @entity9 period after ESD was 87.5 (range, 56-133) days. No @entity0 experienced @entity6 or perforation. There were no adverse events due to @entity1 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed the safety and usefulness of @entity1 therapy for management of @entity8 after large ESD in the @entity2 or pylorus.

title: Oral @entity7 and @entity10 injection for XXXX after endoscopic submucosal dissection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to analyse the frequency and patterns of @entity3 -related injuries presenting to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) across Pakistan. METHODS: Pakistan National Emergency Departments surveillance system collected data from November 2010 to March 2011 on a 24/7 basis using a standardized tool in seven major @entity2 (five public and two private hospitals) in six major cities of Pakistan. For all @entity0 presenting with @entity3 -related injuries, we analysed data by intent with focus on unintentional falls. Simple frequencies were run for basic @entity0 demographics, mechanism of falls, outcomes of @entity1 , mode of arrival to ED, investigations, and procedures with outcomes. RESULTS: There were 3335 @entity3 -related injuries. In cases where intent was available, two-thirds (n = 1186, 65.3%) of @entity1 were unintentional. Among unintentional @entity3 @entity0 presenting to @entity2 , the majority (76.9%) were males and between 15-44 years of age (69%). The majority of the unintentional falls (n = 671, 56.6%) were due to slipping, followed by @entity3 from height (n = 338, 28.5%). About two-thirds (n = 675, 66.6%) of @entity1 involved extremities, followed by head/neck (n = 257, 25.4%) and face (n = 99, 9.8%). Most of the @entity0 were discharged from the hospital (n = 1059, 89.3%). There were 17 (1.3%) deaths among unintentional @entity3 cases. CONCLUSION: Falls are an important cause of @entity1 to @entity2 in Pakistan. Most of the @entity1 @entity0 were @entity0 and in a productive age group. @entity1 pose a burden on the healthcare system, especially emergency services, and future studies should therefore focus on safety measures at home and in workplaces to reduce this burden.

title: Pattern of XXXX in Pakistan: the Pakistan National Emergency Department Surveillance (Pak-NEDS) study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Selective posterior rhizotomy is effective for relieving @entity2 associated with @entity1 . In current techniques dorsal roots from @entity5 to S1/S2 are selectively divided. With transoperative electromyography (EMG) significant sensory loss has been prevented, but postoperative @entity4 following excessive reduction of the fusimotor drive is still of concern for surgeons and therapists. To decrease the volume of deafferentiated rootlets we proposed a limited selective posterior rhizotomy (LPSR) that limits the extent of the surgery to three (L4-S1) or two (L5-S1) dorsal roots. We present the results of two group of @entity2 @entity0 ; group 1 (n = 59, 32 quadriplegic and 27 diplegic) who had a L4-S1 LPSR, and group 2 (n = 12) in whom L5 and S1 were selectively rhizotomized. Posture, passive movilization, range of joint movement, and muscle tone in hip flexors, adductors, @entity3 were graded according to the method proposed by Sindou and Jeanmonod. In all groups these was a significant reduction of the mentioned parameters (Friedman test p < 0.001) at 6, 12 and 18 months after surgery. The preoperative and postoperative ability to ambulate was classified into five grades. In all groups there was a significant (chi 2 between p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) improvement in the quality of their gait. A third of the @entity0 achieved some form of independent ambulation. Our results suggest that extensive selective deafferentation of the lower limbs is not an absolute requisite for reducing muscle tone or achieving functional improvement in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Limited (L4-S1, L5-S1) selective dorsal rhizotomy for reducing @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (NO) promotes endothelial proliferation and migration, essential for angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the cellular expression of inducible and endothelial @entity4 synthases (iNOS and eNOS) in an @entity2 animal model of needle-induced transmyocardial revascularization (TMR). METHODS: @entity3 was created in @entity0 by ligating the left coronary artery, and animals were divided into two groups: no-TMR group (served as control) and TMR group (underwent concomitant TMR by the creation of six transmural channels with a 25-gauge needle in the @entity1 area). @entity0 were sacrificed at intervals of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Immunohistochemistry using specific antisera was performed for iNOS, eNOS, and endothelial cell marker factor VIII. Vascular density and positive staining area with either iNOS or eNOS were assessed in the @entity5 . RESULTS: Vascular density in the @entity5 was significantly increased in the TMR group (p < 0.001). The positive staining area for iNOS and the intensity of iNOS immunoreactivity in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelium, and macrophages were significantly greater in the TMR group (p < 0.05). However, these differences were seen only in the first 2 weeks after TMR. There was no significant difference in the expression of eNOS between groups. CONCLUSIONS: A mechanical injury using needle puncture in an @entity1 myocardium increased vascular density and is associated with increased expression of myocardial iNOS. Increased production of NO derived from iNOS may contribute to the angiogenic response of TMR.

title: XXXX system in needle-induced transmyocardial revascularization.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the complications of surgical treatments for femoral intertrochateric @entity3 using @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: From Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2007, sixty-nine @entity0 with intertrochanteric @entity3 were treated by @entity4 fixation included 27 males and 42 females,with an average age of 72.9 years ranging from 53 to 96 years. According to Evans classification there were 10 cases in type I ,21 in type II, 22 in type III, and 16 in type IV, of which 51 @entity0 (73.9%) suffered from @entity1 preoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity0 were followed up for 8 to 70 months (41 months on average). Four @entity0 died, 17 cases occurrenced systematic complications postoperatively. Internal fixation related complications occurred in 12 @entity0 . There were 8 cases with mechanical failure of @entity4 including 4 of screw loosen,3 of cutting-out of device through femoral head and neck and 1 of plate breakage. Five @entity0 had a @entity5 , and delayed union occurred in 4 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Unstable @entity3 pattern produced high percentage of mechanical failure. In such cases @entity4 should not be the first choice for treatment. The appropriate treatment should be in relation to pre-operative @entity3 stability and @entity2 .

title: [Complications of surgical treatment for femoral intertrochanteric @entity3 using XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 , hallmarked by de novo @entity0 and @entity1 in pregnancy, has a familial tendency. Recently, a large Icelandic genome-wide scan provided evidence for a maternal susceptibility locus for @entity2 on chromosome 2p13 which was confirmed by a genome scan from Australia and New Zealand (NZ). The current study reports on a genome-wide scan of Dutch affected sib-pair families. In total 67 Dutch affected sib-pair families, comprising at least two siblings with @entity2 , @entity5 or @entity3 , were typed for 293 polymorphic markers throughout the genome and linkage analysis was performed. The highest allele sharing lod score of 1.99 was seen on chromosome 12q at 109.5 cM. Two peaks overlapped in the same regions between the Dutch and Icelandic genome-wide scan at chromosome 3p and chromosome 15q. No overlap was seen on 2p. Re-analysis in 38 families without @entity3 ( @entity2 families) and 34 families with at least one sibling with @entity3 ( @entity3 families), revealed two peaks with suggestive evidence for linkage in the non- @entity3 families on chromosome 10q (lod score 2.38, D10S1432, 93.9 cM) and 22q (lod score 2.41, D22S685, 32.4 cM). The peak on 12q appeared to be associated with @entity3 ; it increased to a lod score of 2.1 in the @entity3 families and @entity4 in the @entity2 families. A nominal peak on chromosome 11 in the @entity2 families showed overlap with the second highest peak in the Australian/NZ study. Results from our Dutch genome-wide scan indicate that @entity3 might have a different genetic background than @entity2 .

title: A genome-wide scan for XXXX in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: House dust mites (HDMs) are the most important source of indoor aeroallergens that contribute to the rising incidence of @entity2 such as @entity2 . The major HDM, Der f 2, induces inflammatory cytokine expression. Little is known about the signaling pathway involved. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to define the Der f 2 signaling pathway from its receptor to the transcription factor responsible for @entity4 expression and production. METHODS: @entity0 bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with Der f 2. The release and gene expression of @entity4 were measured by means of ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. In the airway inflammation @entity1 model, airway responses were assessed using ELISA, histology, BAL fluid, and @entity7 responsiveness. RESULTS: Here, we show that Der f 2 binds to @entity5 and induces @entity4 expression and production. In the airway inflammation @entity1 model, Der f 2-induced @entity4 production significantly decreased with treatment of @entity11 , a novel @entity5 inhibitor. Activation of @entity5 by Der f 2 requires the recruitment and activation of @entity10 , which leads to phosphorylation of PLCy and membrane translocation of @entity9 . @entity6 is then activated by @entity9 and stimulates @entity13 activity by phosphorylating the Thr147 residue of @entity13 . @entity13 activation enhanced binding of @entity8 to @entity12 and leads to increased expression of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Our data extend the knowledge for a variety of possible roles of @entity13 in @entity2 including @entity3 pathogenesis and suggest possible candidacy of @entity13 as a molecular target for novel therapeutic approaches.

title: The @entity5 -associated phospholipase D1 activation is crucial for Der f 2-induced XXXX production.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the identification of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) as the antigen for the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), several antigen-specific immunoassays have been reported for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) screening. A first objective was to evaluate the suitability for @entity3 screening of three different IgA @entity5 ELISAs, two of them based on @entity2 liver @entity5 (gp- @entity5 ) (an in-house ELISA with a partially purified extract and a commercial ELISA with purified gp- @entity5 antigen) and a third recombinant @entity0 @entity5 (rh- @entity5 ) ELISA. The results are compared with @entity4 and with the final clinical diagnosis. A second objective was to analyze antibody reactivities in those patients with anti- @entity5 and @entity4 . METHODS: ELISA and @entity4 tests were used to measure IgA anti- @entity5 levels in sera from 259 @entity0 (107 had @entity3 and 72 had @entity1 ). RESULTS: The purified gp- @entity5 ELISA was highly sensitive (97.7%) and specific (98.8%) in the detection of @entity3 , almost equaling @entity4 . Rh- @entity5 ELISA did not improved the sensitivity of @entity4 , but its specificity was slightly superior. Immunoblot analysis with partially purified gp- @entity5 extract, the antigen most frequently used for anti- @entity5 detection, showed that the majority of false positives were due to IgA reactivities to contaminant proteins present in the liver antigenic extract. This low specificity was particularly problematic in diabetics. CONCLUSION: Purified @entity5 ELISAs, either with purified @entity2 liver or recombinant human antigens, can be used as quantitative and observer-independent alternatives to the traditional and time-consuming @entity4 in the screening of @entity3 .

title: Anti-transglutaminase IgA ELISA: clinical potential and drawbacks in XXXX diagnosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of Cefaclor AF vs @entity4 in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic @entity3 in adult subjects. @entity0 AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 300 @entity0 suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic @entity3 , who attended the out @entity0 clinics of ten different hospitals throughout Pakistan. @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity2 were excluded with the help of chest radiography and sputum smear examination. Pretherapy sputum culture and sensitivity (c/s) were tested and @entity0 were randomized and supplied with either tablet Cefaclor 375 mg or tablet @entity4 250 mg to be taken twice daily. @entity0 were evaluated at day 0 and then at day 3-5 and day 10-11. Post therapy sputum c/s was done on day 10-11. A fourth and final visit was planned on day 20-24 which was optional. At each visit, the severity of disease and the signs and symptoms were recorded on the clinical report forms according to the preset standards. RESULTS: Of 136 @entity0 in the Cefaclor group and 142 @entity0 in the @entity4 group, cure was achieved in 44 vs 35 subjects, improvement in 78 vs 91 subjects and failure in 16 vs 18 subjects among Cefaclor vs @entity4 groups respectively. The overall clinical efficacy (cure and improvement combined ) was 88.4% in the Cefaclor group and 87.5% in the @entity4 group. Nine @entity0 in the Cefaclor group and @entity0 in the @entity4 group had one adverse event whereas twelve @entity0 in each group had two or more adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The above results show that both Cefaclor AF and @entity4 are equally effective and safe in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic @entity3 in adult @entity0 .

title: Cefaclor AF vs XXXX in acute exacerbation of chronic @entity3 (B3M-PK-AJBG).

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6068 Background: This study assessed willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid chemotherapy induced @entity7 (CINV) among 303 @entity3 @entity1 . METHODS: WTP was assessed using results from a conjoint survey. @entity1 viewed 25 scenarios each involving 2 descriptions of CINV and indicated which they preferred. Each scenario represented a combination of levels from 8 CINV related attributes. Importance scores assessing attribute contribution to selection and WTP values were calculated using preference coefficients from a series of probit models. RESULTS: @entity1 were 79% Caucasian and 16% African American. Mean age was 59.4 years (range=26-86). 40% had @entity0 , 35% @entity2 , and 25% @entity4 . 68% were on HEC/ @entity8 , 22% had been on HEC/ @entity8 in the last 6 months, and 10% were chemotherapy na  ve. Important scores for attributes were cost: 0.21, chance @entity5 : 0.07, length @entity5 : 0.15, severity @entity5 : 0.16, chance @entity6 : 0.18, and dehydration: 0.15, indicating cost was the strongest driver of @entity1 choice and choice was driven more by a desire to avoid @entity5 than @entity6 . @entity1 were willing to pay to avoid > 30% chance of @entity5 (WTP to avoid 50%:  42.61; WTP to avoid 70%:  49.57), > 1 day of @entity5 (2-5 days:  62.80; 5+ days:  107.50), @entity6 > 1-2 times/day (3-5 times/day:  45.52; 5+ times/day:  52.10), and @entity6 longer than a half-day (1 day:  20.12; 2-5 days:  133.05) with p-values from 0.0004 to <.0001. @entity1 with income  40,000+ were willing to pay more than others to avoid more than 1 day of @entity5 (2-5 days: difference= 93.23; 5+ days: difference= 107.43) and @entity5 that impaired self-care ( 42.62) with p-values from 0.01 to <0.0001. @entity0 @entity1 were willing to pay less to avoid a 25% chance of @entity6 versus lung (difference= 49.95; p=0.0083) and @entity4 @entity1 (difference= 50.80; p=0.0166), respectively. WTP also varied by disease stage, ECOG performance status, HEC/ @entity8 group, and whether @entity1 had worked while on chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The study identifies a significant WTP to avoid @entity7 and substantial group differences in WTP that could be incorporated into the management of CINV.

title: Willingness to pay to prevent chemotherapy-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 is a life-threatening but preventable disease caused by the toxin of @entity3 , a ubiquitous, spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus found in high concentrations in soil and animal excrement. Reported @entity2 cases have declined >95%, and deaths from @entity2 have declined >99% in the United States since 1947, when the disease became reportable nationally. To update a previous report and to determine the populations at greatest risk for the disease, CDC analyzed cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) during 2001--2008. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that 233 @entity2 cases were reported during 2001--2008; among the 197 cases with known outcomes, the case-fatality rate was 13.2%. Average annual incidence during that period was 0.10 per 1 million population overall and 0.23 among @entity0 aged >= 65 years. Incidence among Hispanics was nearly twice that among non-Hispanics, a difference accounted for by 16 cases among Hispanic injection drug users (IDUs). Among the 92 @entity0 for whom @entity2 toxoid-containing (TT) vaccination status was available, 37 (40.2%) had received no doses of TT vaccine. Thirty (15.4%) of 195 @entity0 had @entity1 , and 27 (15.3%) of 176 were IDUs. Of 51 @entity0 with an acute wound and a surveillance report complete enough to evaluate @entity2 prophylaxis, 49 (96.1%) had not received appropriate prophylaxis. @entity2 remains a rare but life-threatening disease in the United States. Health-care providers should ensure up-to-date TT vaccination of all their @entity0 , especially @entity0 aged >= 65 years, @entity0 with @entity1 , and injection drug users.

title: XXXX surveillance --- United States, 2001-2008.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A model for @entity2 proposes that characteristic chromosomal translocations can arise in utero and that for most cases a second hit occurring postnatally will be necessary. Possible causal mechanisms for @entity2 are environmental factors such as ionizing radiation from x rays and inherited susceptibility from polymorphisms in DNA repair genes. We performed a case-control study of childhood @entity1 measuring reported postnatal x rays in 701 cases aged 0-14 y and in as many population-based controls matched on age and sex. In addition we performed a case-only study in 207 cases to evaluate the interaction between x ray exposure and polymorphisms in DNA repair genes. There was an increase in risk of @entity2 with number of x rays: the adjusted odds ratio for two or more x rays vs. none was 1.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.97). That risk was slightly higher among @entity0 (odds ratio = 1.67). A polymorphism in the @entity3 gene (ex 5) involved in the base excision repair system was suggestive of an increased risk among @entity0 and a reduced risk among @entity0 . @entity4 (ex 8), a mismatch repair gene, was associated with reduction of risk among @entity0 . Results from the genetic data are still preliminary and must be interpreted with caution especially because of the relatively small number of genotyped cases. However, ionizing radiation from x rays as well as polymorphisms in DNA repair genes are plausible risk factors for @entity2 and should be studied more.

title: Diagnostic x rays, DNA repair genes and childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the role of interferon (IFN)-y in @entity2 -associated conjunctival apoptosis. METHODS: Desiccating stress (DS) was created in C57BL/6 (B6) and C57BL/6 IFN-y-knockout (B6yKO) @entity0 . A separate group of @entity0 of both strains also received subconjunctival injections of exogenous IFN-y or vehicle control (BSA) at days 0, +2, and +4 after DS. Immunoreactivity to active (Ac)- @entity5 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity3 -digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) were evaluated in cryosections. Goblet cell apoptosis was assessed by @entity6 and TUNEL double staining. Levels of @entity1 , Fas, and Fas-associated protein with Death Domain ( @entity8 ) mRNA in conjunctiva were measured by real-time PCR. The activity of @entity5 was measured using fluorometric assay. RESULTS: Increased Ac- @entity7 and TUNEL immunoreactivity were noted in conjunctival epithelia in B6 @entity0 compared with B6yKO @entity0 after DS, and exogenous IFN-y administration further increased these parameters. DS-induced conjunctival apoptosis was greatest in the goblet cell area and was accompanied by a decrease in @entity6 expression in the B6 and B6-IFN-y-injected groups compared with the B6yKO and B6-BSA-injected groups. B6yKO @entity0 were resistant to DS-induced apoptosis; however, B6yKO receiving IFN-y yielded results similar to those for B6 wild-type. @entity4 production and activity were not increased with DS in B6 or B6yKO @entity0 ; however, the administration of IFN-y significantly increased @entity4 production and activity in both strains compared with vehicle-injected @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: IFN-y plays a pivotal role in exacerbating conjunctival apoptosis through dual apoptotic pathways with DS.

title: Interferon-y exacerbates XXXX -induced apoptosis in conjunctiva through dual apoptotic pathways.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cough is initiated by activation of afferent nerve fibers with rapidly adapting receptors (RAR) that conduct action potentials in the Adelta range. In addition, various stimuli that activate airway unmylenated C-fibres evoke cough reflexes. We have used a vagally innervated, larynx- @entity3 -bronchus preparation, isolated from @entity4 , to study the pharmacology of RARs and C-fibres in vitro. In this preparation afferent fibres with the RAR phenotype are exquisitely sensitive to mechanical perturbation of their receptive fields, but are unaffected by a variety of mediators (e.g. @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity2 ) and by @entity7 . By contrast, C-fibres are much less sensitive to mechanical stimulation, but can be activated by @entity7 and @entity5 . Preliminary evidence supports the hypothesis that @entity5 activate C-fibre by stimulating the @entity7 (vanilloid) receptor VR1. Acids activate both C-fibres and RARs. Acids stimulate RAR fibres by a mechanism that is rapidly inactivated. C-fibres are stimulated by both a rapidly inactivating mechanism, as well as a slowly inactivating mechanism. Drugs that block VR1 inhibit the latter mechanism. @entity0 substantially increases the mechanical sensitivity of RAR fibres without affecting their adaptive properties. @entity0 also causes a phenotypic switch in neuropeptide innervation of the airways that RAR neurons begin to synthesis neurokinins and calcitonin gene related peptide. In non-inflamed animals these peptides are expressed only in C-fibre neurons. Thus, airway @entity0 may not only increase the sensitivity of cough fibres, but may also qualitatively change the role played by sensory neuropeptides in cough reflexes.

title: Physiology and plasticity of putative cough fibres in the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 represents 6% of all abdominal wall hernias in the adult. Surgical repair should always be carried out due to possible occurrence of complications. Aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of the plug-technique. METHODS: From October 1995 to April 2000, the authors performed 21 operations for acquired @entity4 with a defect smaller than 4 cm. Local anesthesia was used and a light intravenous sedation added in particularly anxious @entity0 . The repair was achieved by insertion of a @entity3 dart plug sutured to the margins of the @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity0 were up and about straightaway and were discharged within 24 hours of surgery. @entity2 was mild and required hospital analgesia in only 19% of cases and domiciliary analgesia in 24%. During a follow-up ranging from 6 to 60 months (mean 30), only one recurrence has been recorded. CONCLUSIONS: This tension-free technique allows immediate rehabilitation, with few complications and a low recurrence rate.

title: [Plug-technique for XXXX repair in the adult].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 (NO) plays an important role in the physiologic modulation of coronary artery tone and myocardial function. However, increased formation of NO within the myocardium can also have detrimental effects, contributing to the pathophysiology of @entity3 in @entity4 . The role of reactive @entity7 species in the pathogenesis of @entity3 after ischaemia has been investigated in numerous studies. They reveal divergent and opposed effects of @entity6 : from a cardioprotective action leading to ischaemic preconditioning after short ischaemic periods to a cardiodepressive action after severe ischaemia/reperfusion injury and @entity5 . This review describes the determining role of reactive @entity0 species on these opposite myocardial effects of NO. The final action of NO, whether cardioprotective or cardiodepressive, strongly depends on the level of oxidative stress in the myocardium. @entity6 disrupts free radical and oxidant-mediated reactions, due to a strong attraction and interaction with @entity2 .The level of oxidative stress is positively related to the severity of the @entity1 , making the results in different @entity3 more concordant. If the increased production of NO is well in balance with a moderate increase in @entity0 radicals, then NO will exert beneficial effects. However, if the @entity0 radicals are produced in excess of NO as in prolonged @entity1 , then deleterious effects will be induced. Consequently, the balance between NO and free @entity0 radicals is crucial in modulating the outcome after an ischaemic insult.

title: Role of XXXX and oxidative stress in @entity3 and preconditioning.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 is a rare state of protracted @entity3 that may progress to @entity5 without the presence of obstructive lesions. @entity7 is usually, but not exclusively, associated with an abdominal operative procedure (laparotomy), however, it may occasionally occur following extra-abdominal operations. As differentiated from the usual, 'physiologic'postoperative paresis, @entity7 persists for more than 7 days. The pathogenesis of @entity1 is complex and as yet partially unknown. Whereas the 'physiologic' postoperative @entity3 includes short-term functional cholinergic @entity2 of the visceral organs, in @entity6 in the region of Auerbach's plexus, manifesting as @entity8 , are involved. That is why the 'physiologic' postoperative paresis never transforms into @entity7 , while in @entity7 such a risk is potentially involved. The treatment for @entity7 is as a rule conservative. Surgical treatment (cecostomy) is rarely required. Colonoscopic decompresive suction is usually enough to eliminate the risk of @entity4 due to extensive distention by fast growing meteorism. A @entity0 with @entity1 is presented.

title: @entity3 : report of a @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to identify candidate serum biomarkers for the detection and surveillance of EOC. Based on RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of @entity0 -derived @entity1 , highly expressed secreted proteins were identified using a bioinformatic approach. METHODS: RNA-Seq was used to quantify @entity2 transcriptomes. Paired end sequencing of 22 flash frozen @entity1 was performed. Sequence alignments were processed with the program ELAND, expression levels with ERANGE and then bioinformatically screened for secreted protein signatures. Serum samples from @entity0 with benign and malignant pelvic masses and serial samples from @entity0 during chemotherapy regimens were measured for @entity4 by ELISA. Student's t Test, ANOVA, and ROC curves were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein ( @entity4 ) was consistently present in the top 7.5% of all expressed genes in all @entity1 samples. We then screened serum samples to determine if increased @entity1 expression correlated with serum expression. In an initial discovery set of 21 samples, @entity4 levels were found to be elevated in @entity0 , including those with early stage disease and normal @entity3 levels. In a larger and independent validation set (82 controls, 78 cases), @entity4 levels were significantly increased (p < 5   10-5). @entity4 levels were ~3  greater in @entity0 with malignant pelvic masses compared to @entity0 with benign masses. ROC sensitivity was 73% at 93% specificity (AUC 0.816). In @entity0 receiving chemotherapy, average @entity4 levels were below the ROC-determined threshold and lower in NED @entity0 compared to AWD @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study, the first to our knowledge to use RNA-Seq for biomarker discovery, identified @entity4 as overexpressed in @entity2 @entity0 . Beyond this, these studies identified two additional intriguing findings. First, @entity4 can be elevated in early stage disease without elevated @entity3 . Second, @entity4 levels are significantly elevated with malignant versus benign disease. These findings provide the rationale for future validation studies.

title: @entity4 XXXX and serum levels are increased across all stages of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Severe @entity5 sometimes develops despite normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Ppw). The equation describing net transvascular flux of lung liquid predicts decreased @entity1 when hydrostatic pressure is reduced or when colloid osmotic pressure is increased in the pulmonary vessels. We tested these predictions in a model of pulmonary capillary leak produced in 35 @entity3 by intravenous @entity7 . 1 h later, the @entity3 were divided into five equal groups and treated for 4 h in different ways: (a) not treated, to serve as the control group (Ppw = 11.1 mm Hg); (b) given albumin to increase colloid osmotic pressure by 5 mm Hg (Ppw = 10.6 mm Hg); (c) ventilated with 10 cm @entity8 positive end-expiratory pressure (Peep) (transmural Ppw = 10.4 mm Hg); (d) phlebotomized to reduce Ppw to 6 mm Hg; (e) infused with @entity4 , which also reduced Ppw to 6 mm Hg. Phlebotomy and @entity4 reduced the @entity1 in excised lungs by 50% (P< 0.001), but Peep and albumin did not affect the @entity1 . Pulmonary shunt decreased on Peep and increased on @entity4 , and lung compliance was not different among the treatment groups, demonstrating that these variables are poor indicators of changes in @entity1 . Cardiac output decreased during the treatment period in all but the @entity4 group, where Ppw decreased and cardiac output did not. We conclude that @entity3 @entity7 @entity5 is reduced by small reductions in hydrostatic pressure, but not by increased colloid osmotic pressure, because the vascular permeability to liquid and protein is increased. These results suggest that low pressure @entity5 may be reduced by seeking the lowest Ppw consistent with adequate cardiac output enhanced by vasoactive agents like @entity4 . Further, colloid infusions and Peep are not helpful in reducing @entity1 , so they may be used in the lowest amount that provides adequate circulating volume and arterial @entity6 saturation on nontoxic inspired @entity6 . Until these therapeutic principles receive adequate clinical trial, they provide a rationale for carefully monitored @entity2 in treating @entity0 with pulmonary capillary leak.

title: Treatment of acute low pressure @entity5 in XXXX : relative effects of hydrostatic and oncotic pressure, @entity4 , and positive end-expiratory pressure.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Collagen is a part of structural connective tissue in every organ of the body. Study of collagen brings into focus the current knowledge of biosynthesis and degradation as a complex mechanism. One of the major aspects of @entity1 cell invasion and @entity0 is the interaction between @entity1 cells and extracellular matrix component. Property of picrosirius red to enhance the birefringence is the result of basic protein nature of collagen molecules. There exists a direct relationship between the presence of type IV collagen and degree of differentiation in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cells as they lose their capability to form the basement membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty cases of oral @entity2 (OSCC) were evaluated for standard staining protocol of picrosirius red to analyze collagen fibers in different grades of OSCC under polarizing microscopy. RESULTS: In this study, moderately to poorly differentiated OSCC cases showed a gradual change in polarizing colors from yellowish orange to greenish yellow particularly in the vicinity of invading @entity1 islands. Thick collagen fibers forming bundles in parallel disposition were found around the neoplastic areas in discontinuous fashion. Type I collagen fibers of different lengths were strongly birefringent and swirl pattern, parallel orientation was evident. CONCLUSION: An observable stromal change with the progression of @entity1 was evinced with picrosirius red stain in different thickness of collagens with a significant change in the arrangement from the early stage to the advanced stage according to tumorogenesis.

title: Histopathological evaluation of collagen fibers using picrosirius red stain and polarizing microscopy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 (formerly known as @entity5 and now named primary @entity3 ) is a disease with a wide range of severity and variable rate of progression. The diagnosis of advanced @entity4 / @entity1 portends an increased risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Because of its invasiveness, liver biopsy tends to be replaced by non-invasive tools for assessing @entity4 , making prognosis and optimising risk stratification for selection of @entity0 , requiring new medical approaches. Many direct or indirect biomarkers have been found to correlate with the severity of @entity4 in @entity5 . They are easy to use but lack sensitivity and reproducibility in individuals with early stage disease. Three main radiologic approaches are currently proposed to assess @entity4 : vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE), acoustic radiation force impulse and magnetic resonance elastography. Data using VCTE are available only for the longitudinal evaluation of @entity4 and prognosis in @entity5 . VCTE outperformed all other non-invasive current surrogate markers of @entity4 in @entity5 . Because of its high acceptability and its ability to predict @entity2 , VCTE could be a useful tool to help allocate cirrhotic @entity0 into different categories of risk. None of the radiologic and serum markers have a perfect accuracy in studies so far published. Concordance between VCTE and serum biomarkers is a prerequisite for a correct prognosis assessment in individuals in clinical practice.

title: Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis Progression and Prognosis in Primary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is currently the preferred first line treatment for simple _ complex renal @entity3 . The technique also being used increasingly for smaller stones that have failed ESWL. Aim of the study is to share our experience in PCNL in course of time. This study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2012, 131 @entity0 's with 142 renal units of 5-75 yrs of age, PCNL were performed in NIKDU, BSMMU _ JBFH. Stone were classified into simple (isolated renal pelvis or isolated calyceal stones) or complex (partial or complete staghorn stones, renal pelvic stone with accompanying calyceal stones). The stone size was 1.5-5cm approximately. We asses our initial puncture technique, need for multi-tract, supra 12th rib access, stone free rate, operative duration, @entity1 , number of transfusion and hospital stay. Operative durations were 60 min -180 minutes. Puncture technique improved in course of time. 14 @entity0 need multi-puncture and tract, all are supra 12th access. Out of 142 renal units 120 (83%) were stone free after first procedure, another 22 need and auxiliary procedure, (5 2nd look PCNL, 6 URS, 11 ESWL) to become stone free result in a 95% stone free rate. Complications occurred in 17 procedures which dealt accordingly. This study revealed PCNL is an effective, versatile safe and cosmetically acceptable procedure for all age groups in simple and @entity2 .

title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy--a versatile technique for both simple and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A retrospective analysis of @entity0 treated for serious @entity2 in our hospital was performed with the aim of defining epidemiological factors, initial treatment and therapeutic criteria for esophageal stricture with long evolution. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-four cases of serious @entity2 treated since 1982 were analyzed surveying epidemiologic, clinical and endoscopy data, as well as initial medical treatment, dilatation session number, treatment period, complications, surgical treatment indications if necessary and actual situation. RESULTS: Alkaline caustic agents were swallowed in 71% of the cases, with dishwashing detergent being the most frequent (16 @entity0 ), @entity2 was noticed in 13 cases, grade III in 18. Established esophageal stricture was present in 3 @entity0 when admitted. Repeated esophageal dilations were necessary in 13 @entity0 (38%), with between 1 and 21 dilatation sessions needed. Esophageal stricture persistence forced us to perform an esophageal substitution technique by esophagocoloplasty. Resection and enlargement of a short stenotic segment was performed in 1 @entity0 . Long-term evolution in all cases has been satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that adequate treatment of these @entity0 includes conservative @entity1 , @entity3 and anti-H2 combined with a previous endoscopy evaluation. If evolution turns into stricture, dilatations must be done, sometimes throughout years. If this treatment fails and the injury is extensive, esophagocoloplasty is the surgical technique of choice. Nevertheless, as any accident, the best treatment is good prevention.

title: [Severe XXXX in childhood].

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: It was the aim of this retrospective study to evaluate the frequency of recurrences and complications in @entity0 treated by conventional surgical methods at our institution between 1980 and 1996 and to compare them to those observed in @entity0 treated by minimal invasive methods reported in the literature. METHOD: 70 @entity0 with @entity4 located at the extremities were treated by conventional surgical treatment. 51 @entity0 underwent curettage and 19 @entity0 had en bloc resection. After curettage an additional stabilising plate was implanted in 12% of the cases, after en bloc resection in 68%. RESULTS: There are 66% event-free @entity0 after curettage versus 47% after en bloc resection. Local recurrence rate after curettage was 7%, after en bloc resection no @entity0 developed a recurrence. In both groups a postoperative @entity2 was observed. Persistent @entity1 due to the implant was reported by 7% after curettage and by 24% after en bloc resection. CONCLUSION: The rate of complications rises with increasing invasiveness and it is necessary to balance the security concerning a local recurrence and the danger of persistent @entity3 . Curettage is the surgical method of choice in the therapy of the @entity4 , en bloc resection is justified only for recurrent lesions. Curettage is an alternative to minimal invasive methods in cases of superficially located @entity4 or in cases of unfavourable locations of the nidus (near joint or growth plate, inaccessibility).

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX of the extremities].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies using self-report rating scales suggest a considerable overlap regarding symptom complaints in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), while clinical assessments point to important psychological differences. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that measurement of psychological state by means of content analysis of speech will demonstrate differentiation between the two @entity0 groups and between @entity0 with these disorders and age-matched population-based random sample controls. METHOD: The Giessener Symptom Complaints Checklist assessed somatic complaints. The computerised Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis method assessed psychological state in 42 females with @entity4 , 17 females with @entity6 and 48 population-based, randomly selected control subjects. RESULTS: @entity4 @entity0 score higher on mutilation @entity2 than @entity6 and control subjects. @entity6 @entity0 had the highest score for @entity3 @entity2 . Mutilation @entity2 and low hope score identified @entity4 @entity0 (sensitivity 68%, specificity 81%, overall classification 75%), but only 19% of the variation in total somatic complaints could be predicted from these or other psychological state scores. In @entity6 @entity0 , however, @entity3 @entity2 explained 59% of the variance in @entity5 . INTERPRETATION: Psychological state was differentiated among the three groups. Mutilation @entity2 may be a psychological marker of an underlying neurobiological vulnerability for @entity4 or may represent a secondary long-term consequence of @entity1 . In @entity6 , @entity3 @entity2 is directly related to symptom complaints, suggesting a stronger etiological association between emotions and somatic complaints in this disorder.

title: Mutilation @entity2 differs among females with @entity4 and XXXX and population controls.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several factors are known to influence osseous union of @entity2 . Numerous clinical studies have reported different results, hence with different recommendations regarding treatment of @entity1 : @entity2 with a more vertically oriented @entity1 line. The current study aimed to analyze biomechanically whether this @entity1 poses a higher risk of nonunion. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of one designated factor, authors believe that a computerized @entity1 model, using a finite element Finite Element Method (FEM), may be essential to negate the influence of other factors. The current study aimed to investigate a single factor, i.e. orientation of the @entity1 line toward a horizontal line, represented by Pauwels classification. It was hypothesized that a model with a vertically oriented @entity1 line maintaining parity of all other related factors has a higher stress at the @entity1 site, which would delay @entity1 healing. This result can be applicable to other types of pinning. @entity0 AND METHODS: The finite element models were constructed from computed tomography data of the femur. Three @entity1 models, treated with pinning, were constructed based on Pauwels classification: Type I, 30   between the @entity1 line and a horizontal line; Type II, 50  ; and Type III, 70  . All other factors were matched between the models. The Von Mises stress and principal stress distribution were examined along with the @entity1 line in each model. RESULTS: The peak Von Mises stresses at the medial femoral neck of the @entity1 site were 35, 50 and 130 MPa in Pauwels @entity1 , respectively. Additionally, the peak Von Mises stresses along with the @entity1 site at the lateral femoral neck were 140, 16, and 8 MPa in Pauwels @entity1 , respectively. The principal stress on the medial femoral neck in Pauwels @entity1 was identified as a traction stress, whereas the principal stress on the lateral femoral neck in Pauwels @entity1 was a compression stress. CONCLUSIONS: The most relevant finding was that hook pinning in Pauwels @entity1 may result in delayed union or nonunion due to significantly increased stress of a traction force at the @entity1 site that works to displace the @entity1 . However, in a Pauwels @entity1 , increased compression stress contributes to stabilize it. Surgeons are recommended not to treat Pauwels @entity2 by pinning.

title: Biomechanical Study Using the Finite Element Method of Internal Fixation in Pauwels XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type 2 T helper lymphocytes (Th2 cells) and their cytokine products are important in the pathogenesis of @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the contribution of the @entity11 pathway, involved in Th2 cytokine signalling, to the development of lesions of chronic @entity6 . METHODS: BALB/c @entity0 sensitized to ovalbumin were chronically challenged by inhalational of low mass concentrations of antigen for 6 weeks. @entity4 in wild-type @entity0 were compared with those in @entity11 -deficient @entity0 and in @entity2 /13 double-deficient @entity0 by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. Airway responses to @entity9 were evaluated by whole-body plethysmography. Cytokine production by peribronchial lymph node cells was quantified by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: @entity11 -/- @entity0 developed a variety of airway lesions that were at least equivalent to those in wild-type @entity0 , including accumulation of intraepithelial eosinophils and of chronic inflammatory cells in the lamina propria, subepithelial @entity5 and epithelial thickening. In addition, @entity11 -/- @entity0 exhibited exaggerated airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) compared to wild-type animals. This was despite a shift from a Th2 to a Th1 pattern of immunoglobulin production by plasma cells in the inflammatory infiltrate and diminished mucous cell @entity8 / @entity10 , together with increased production of @entity3 by peribronchial lymph node cells, consistent with absence of signalling via the @entity11 pathway. In contrast, gene-targeted @entity2 /13-/- @entity0 exhibited markedly diminished eosinophil recruitment and airway remodelling, as well as absence of AHR. CONCLUSIONS: In this model, the effects of @entity11 deficiency were in marked contrast to the @entity1 and AHR described in models of @entity1 . These results, which provide evidence of @entity11 -independent AHR in an inhalational challenge model of chronic @entity6 , emphasize the critical effector roles of @entity2 and @entity7 , as well as the need to use appropriate models to understand cytokine signalling pathways that may be potential therapeutic targets in @entity6 .

title: Dissociation of T helper type 2 cytokine-dependent airway lesions from @entity11 signalling in experimental chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of trace elements and the risk of @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The 1837 @entity0 (637 @entity0 and 1200 @entity0 ) aged 40-70 were from a cross-sectional community-based study performed in downtown Shanghai. All the @entity0 without @entity1 history underwent a 75-g OGTT. The @entity0 with @entity1 took 100g steamed bread as the substitute. The fasting and OGTT 2h or postprandial 2h venous blood samples were collected. Blood @entity3 levels, fasting serum insulin concentrations, lipid profiles, @entity6 C and 19 trace elements including @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity7 and so on were assayed. RESULTS: Of all the 1837 studied subjects, 510 subjects had @entity1 (191 male, 319 female). Serum @entity5 levels were decreased statistically (p<0.05), but serum @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity7 levels were significantly increased in subjects with @entity1 compared to non-diabetic subjects (p<0.01 for @entity4 , p<0.001 for @entity2 and @entity7 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum @entity5 was negatively associated with @entity1 (p<0.05) and serum @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity7 were all positively associated with @entity1 (p<0.05 for @entity4 , p<0.001 for both @entity2 and @entity7 ). Correlation analysis showed a remarkable correlation between blood @entity3 , HbA1C and serum @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity7 (p<0.01 for @entity2 , p<0.001 for @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity7 ). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity5 levels are decreased and serum @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity7 levels are elevated in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Alterations of serum trace elements in XXXX with type 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is the most common @entity4 of infancy and childhood. It may occur in two distinct forms: multicentric and solitary. In both cases @entity5 (CNS) is unusual: brain @entity7 are usually intracranial in proximity of the dura mater, with infiltration of the calvarial bones and secondary brain compression. Spine @entity7 are exceptional and most of the cases reported in the literature represent secondary locations of @entity3 . The natural history of @entity7 of the CNS in @entity6 is characterized by a period of rapid growth, subsequent stabilization, and spontaneous regression in many cases. On these grounds surgical treatment is reserved for lesions that compress the brain or spinal cord and show an obvious progression. Small lesions or @entity1 residuals in asymptomatic @entity0 without visceral involvement should be closely observed as first choice. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 10-month-old @entity0 with a solitary intramedullary @entity7 , extended from C7 to the conus. The @entity0 underwent partial surgical removal of this lesion. Control MRI has shown the spontaneous @entity1 residual and a progressive improvement of preoperative @entity2 has been observed. To our knowledge this is the first case in which a solitary @entity7 was localized within the spinal cord.

title: XXXX of the central nervous system.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Protein @entity2 encoded by the @entity3 gene is regarded as an essential gene product of @entity1 . Here we report, however, the successful construction of a viable @entity3 deletion mutant of @entity1 EGD. The mutant, which produces no @entity2 , shows abnormal septum formation and tends to form short filaments and hooked forms during logarithmic growth. These abnormal bacterial cells break into almost normal sized single bacteria in the late-stationary-growth phase. The @entity3 mutant is strongly attenuated in a @entity0 model after intravenous injection, demonstrating the importance of @entity2 during infection, and the invasiveness of the Deltaiap mutant for 3T6 fibroblasts and Caco-2 epithelial cells is slightly reduced. Upon uptake by epithelial cells and macrophages, the @entity3 mutant escapes from the phagosome into the cytosol with the same efficiency as the wild-type strain, and the mutant bacteria also grow intracellularly at a rate similar to that of the wild-type strain. Intracellular movement and cell-to-cell spread are drastically reduced in various cell lines, since the @entity3 -negative bacteria fail to induce the formation of actin tails. However, the bacteria are covered with actin filaments. Most intracellular bacteria show a nonpolar and uneven distribution of ActA around the cell, in contrast to that for the wild-type strain, where ActA is concentrated at the old pole. In an @entity3 (+) revertant strain that produces wild-type levels of @entity2 , intracellular movement, cell-to-cell spread, and polar distribution of ActA are fully restored. In vitro analysis of ActA distribution on the filaments of the Deltaiap strain shows that the loss of bacterial septum formation leads to ActA accumulation at the presumed division sites. In the light of data presented here and elswhere, we propose to rename @entity3 (invasion-associated protein) cwhA (cell wall hydrolase A).

title: Deletion of the gene encoding XXXX in @entity1 leads to abnormal cell division and loss of actin-based motility.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current body of literature surrounding anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) survival and the variables contributing to further @entity1 after primary ACL reconstruction in @entity0 and adolescents is limited, with no long-term evidence examining the incidence and contributing factors of further @entity1 in this younger @entity0 population. PURPOSE: To determine the long-term survival of the ACL graft and the contralateral ACL (CACL) after primary reconstruction in @entity0 aged  <=18 years and to identify the factors that increase the odds of subsequent @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: @entity0 having undergone primary ACL reconstruction at age  <=18 years between 1993 and 1998 who were included in a prospective database by a single surgeon were considered for this study. Single-incision endoscopic ACL reconstruction was performed with either an autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone graft or a hamstring tendon graft. At a minimum of 15 years after ACL reconstruction, @entity0 completed a subjective survey involving the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaire in addition to questions regarding current symptoms, further @entity1 , family history of @entity1 , and current level of activity. RESULTS: A total of 288 adolescents (age range, 13-18 years) met the inclusion criteria, of whom 242 (84%) were reviewed at a mean of 16 years and 6 months after ACL reconstruction. Of these @entity0 , 75 (31%) sustained a further @entity1 : 27 (11.2%) suffered an ACL graft rupture, 33 suffered a @entity1 (13.6%), and 15 sustained both an ACL graft rupture and a @entity1 (6.2%) over 15 years. Survival of the ACL graft was 95%, 92%, 88%, 85%, and 83% at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively, and survival of the CACL was 99%, 98%, 90%, 83%, and 81%, respectively. Survival of the ACL graft was less favorable in those with a family history of @entity1 than in those without a family history (69% vs 90%, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 3.6; P = .001). Survival of the CACL was less favorable in male @entity0 than in female @entity0 (75% vs 88%, respectively; HR, 2.1; P = .03) and in those who returned to competitive team ball sports than in those who did not (78% vs 89%, respectively; HR, 2.3; P = .05). CONCLUSION: After ACL reconstruction in @entity0 aged  <=18 years, a further @entity1 occurred in 1 in 3 @entity0 over 15 years. The 15-year survival rate of the ACL graft was 83%, and the 15-year survival rate of the CACL was 81%. The ACL graft and CACL were most vulnerable within the first 5 years after index surgery. A family history of ACL rupture significantly increased the risk for ACL graft ruptures, and a @entity1 was more common in male @entity0 and those who returned to team ball sports. High IKDC scores and continued participation in sports were maintained over the long term after ACL reconstruction in the adolescent population.

title: Fifteen-Year Survival of Endoscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in XXXX Aged 18 Years and Younger.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fowl show spontaneous elevation of blood pressure (BP) and neointimal plaque formation in the abdominal aorta at young ages. Maturation/age-dependent modulation of @entity2 and a causal relationship between elevated BP and @entity7 formation, however, have not been clarified. We therefore intended to characterize, first, maturation/age-dependent neointimal plaque formation and @entity2 and, second, their relationship to BP elevation. The BP measured in conscious domestic fowl, @entity5 , White Leghorn breed, @entity6 , via an indwelling catheter inserted into the ischiadic artery, increased with maturation in males; and at plateau level, BP (mmHg) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in males (194.0+/-4.6, n=11) than in females (169.3+/-3.1, n=10). Neointimal plaques consisting of neointimal cells and abundant extracellular matrix appeared initially in the distal segment of the abdominal aorta (lesion-prone area) of chicks as early as 6 weeks old. The area (size) of neointimal plaques right above the ischiadic bifurcation increased with maturation, whereas the plaque area became smaller with some degenerative changes in adult birds. In some birds, @entity4 and more extensive plaque formation at the branching points of the aorta were observed. The plaque area appears to be larger in birds, particularly in males that have higher BP (r=0.68). The width of aortic smooth muscle (SM) layers, measured in regions with no plaque, increased with age, whereas the number of cells per unit of area decreased, suggesting that @entity3 of vascular SM occurs in response to exposure of the vascular wall to high BP. The number of cells was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the plaque than in underlying aortic SM layers or in layers with no plaque formation. Both neointimal plaques and underlying SM layers are immunohistochemically positive for alpha SM actin, suggesting that neointimal cells are modulated SM cells, whereas the staining with SM myosin heavy chain antibody is low in neointimal plaques. Furthermore, plasma @entity1 levels dropped in accordance with the time of neointimal plaque formation, whereas plasma @entity0 levels showed an age-dependent increase. The results suggest that spontaneous development of neointimal plaques may be a consequence of exposure to high BP and associated local hemodynamic changes.

title: Maturation-dependent XXXX formation in fowl aorta.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ) has been shown to promote @entity0 growth via different mechanisms. In addition to binding to @entity10 , the @entity4 membrane receptor exists on integrin avb3. @entity9 induces @entity5 -dependent apoptosis via plasma membrane integrin avb3. @entity9 and @entity4 signals are both transduced by activated @entity7 ; however, @entity4 promotes cell proliferation in @entity2 cells, whereas @entity9 is pro-apoptotic. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which @entity4 inhibits @entity9 -induced apoptosis in @entity1 @entity10 positive (MCF-7) and negative (MDA-MB-231) @entity0 cells. @entity4 inhibited @entity9 -stimulated phosphorylation of Ser-15 of @entity5 in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects of @entity4 on @entity9 action were blocked by an @entity10 antagonist, @entity6 , in MCF-7 @entity0 cells. @entity4 inhibited @entity9 -induced nuclear complex of @entity5 - @entity8 formation which is required @entity5 -dependent apoptosis. ChIP studies of @entity8 / @entity5 binding to DNA and expression of @entity5 -responsive genes indicated that @entity4 inhibited @entity9 -induced @entity5 -directed transcriptional activity. In addition, @entity4 did inhibit @entity9 -induced @entity8 / @entity5 -dependent gene expression. These results suggest that @entity4 inhibits @entity5 -dependent apoptosis in @entity0 cells by interfering with nuclear @entity8 accumulation which is essential for stimulation of apoptotic pathways. Thus, the surface receptor sites for @entity9 and @entity4 are discrete and activate @entity7 -dependent downstream effects on apoptosis that are distinctive. These studies provide new insights into the antagonizing effects of @entity9 versus @entity4 , an important step toward better understanding and eventually treating @entity0 . It also indicates the complex pathways by which apoptosis is induced by @entity9 in @entity4 -depleted and -repleted environments.

title: Mechanisms of @entity3 action on XXXX -induced anti-proliferation in @entity0 cells with different @entity10 status.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: In pre-clinical animal studies, the uniformity of dosing across subjects and routes of administration is a crucial requirement. In preparation for a study in which aerosolized live-attenuated @entity1 vaccine was administered to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by inhalation, we assessed the percentage of a nebulized dose inhaled under varying conditions. METHODS: Drug delivery varies with breathing parameters. Therefore we determined macaque breathing patterns (tidal volume, breathing frequency, and inspiratory to expiratory (I:E) ratio) across a range of 3.3-6.5   kg body weight, using a pediatric pneumotachometer interfaced either with an endotracheal tube or a facemask. Subsequently, these breathing patterns were reproduced using a breathing simulator attached to a filter to collect the inhaled dose. @entity2 was nebulized using a vibrating mesh nebulizer and the percentage inhaled dose was determined by extraction of drug from the filter and subsequent quantification. RESULTS: Tidal volumes ranged from 24 to 46   mL, breathing frequencies from 19 to 31 breaths per minute and I:E ratios from 0.7 to 1.6. A small pediatric resuscitation mask was identified as the best fitting interface between animal and pneumotachometer. The average efficiency of inhaled dose delivery was 32.1% (standard deviation 7.5, range 24%-48%), with variation in tidal volumes as the most important determinant. CONCLUSIONS: Studies in non- @entity0 primates aimed at comparing aerosol delivery with other routes of administration should take both the inter-subject variation and relatively low efficiency of delivery to these low body weight mammals into account.

title: Optimization and Dose Estimation of Aerosol Delivery to Non- XXXX Primates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a @entity4 in which the phagocytes fail to produce @entity1 . The @entity0 are predisposed to @entity8 . Prophylactic antibiotics and @entity3 have reduced @entity8 , but there is also the danger of life-threatening @entity2 . We assessed the efficacy of @entity7 as prophylaxis against serious @entity2 in @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity0 at least 5 years old (6 female and 33 male; mean age, 14.9 years) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. After the initially assigned treatment, each @entity0 alternated between @entity7 and placebo annually. @entity0 13 years of age or older and all @entity0 weighing at least 50 kg received a single dose of 200 mg of @entity7 per day; those less than 13 years old or weighing less than 50 kg received a single dose of 100 mg per day. The primary end point was severe @entity2 , as determined by histologic results or culture. RESULTS: One @entity0 (who had not been compliant with the treatment) had a serious @entity2 while receiving @entity7 , as compared with seven who had a serious @entity2 while receiving placebo (P=0.10). No @entity0 receiving @entity7 but five @entity0 receiving placebo had a superficial @entity2 . No serious toxic effects were noted, although one @entity0 had a @entity6 and another had elevated results on liver-function tests; both of these effects resolved with the discontinuation of @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 prophylaxis appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment that reduces the frequency of @entity2 in @entity5 , but monitoring for long-term toxic effects is warranted.

title: XXXX to prevent @entity2 in @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 remains one of the major causes of @entity1 in Bangladesh. We studied @entity3 risk and healthcare seeking behavior among populations at high risk for @entity2 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted during April and September 2010. The prevalence of @entity2 was calculated by age-group and sex. A generalized estimating equation with logit link function was used to predict @entity3 risk and seeking care from a professional healthcare provider. Of 316,766 individuals, 10% were young @entity0 (<5 years). The prevalence of @entity2 was 16 per 1000 @entity0 among all ages; young @entity0 accounted for 44 per 1000 @entity0 . Prevalence of @entity2 was significantly higher (p=.003) among younger males (<15 years) compared to that among younger females. In contrast, prevalence of @entity2 was significantly higher (p<.0001) among older females (>= 15 years) compared to that among older males. An increased risk for @entity2 was observed in young @entity0 , males, and those staying in rented houses, lower family members in the house, using non-sanitary toilets, living in the area for short times, living in a community with less educated @entity0 , living in a community with less use of safe water source for drinking, or living close to the hospital. About 80% of those with @entity2 sought care initially from a non-professional healthcare provider. Choice of the professional healthcare provider was driven by age of the @entity0 , educational status of the household head, and @entity4 practices by the household. The study reaffirms that young @entity0 are at greater risk for @entity2 . Like other developing countries most @entity0 in this impoverished setting of Dhaka are less likely to seek care from a professional healthcare provider than from a non-professional healthcare provider, which could be attributed to a higher number of @entity1 among young @entity0 in Bangladesh. Dissemination of information on health education, increasing the supply of skilled healthcare providers, and low-cost and quality healthcare services may encourage more @entity0 to seek care from professional healthcare providers, thus may help reduce @entity0 mortality in the country. Further studies are warranted to validate the results.

title: Diarrheal Illness and Healthcare Seeking Behavior among a Population at High Risk for XXXX in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 -reperfusion (I/R) is accompanied by liver @entity4 and @entity3 formation. This could be caused by an increase in sinusoidal pressure, a determinant of hepatic transvascular fluid movement. We determined the role of sinusoidal pressure, assessed by triple vascular occlusion pressure (P(to)), in the I/R injury in isolated @entity0 livers perfused with leukocyte-free diluted blood bivascularly via the portal vein and hepatic artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 was induced at room temperature by occlusion of either the inflow lines of the hepatic artery and portal vein (the open outflow group, n = 10) or both the inflow and the outflow (hepatic venous) lines (the closed outflow group, n = 10) for 1 h, followed by 1-h reperfusion in a recirculating manner. RESULTS: Liver weight in both groups increased biphasically after reperfusion; the initial peak occurred at 3 min and the second peak at 60 min. Immediately after reperfusion, P(to) peaked, followed by a gradual decline. The initial weight increase in groups combined was significantly and positively correlated with an increase in P(to) (r = 0.716, P = 0.0002), but the second peak was independent of P(to). @entity2 , assessed by perfusate levels of hepatic enzymes and reduced bile flow rate, was observed at 60 min after reperfusion in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that increased sinusoidal pressure contributes to only the early liver @entity4 after reperfusion in isolated perfused @entity0 livers. The late @entity4 may be presumably due to @entity2 .

title: Increased sinusoidal pressure is associated with early liver @entity4 in @entity1 -reperfusion injury in isolated perfused XXXX liver.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cone margin status has been reported to be the most important predictor of recurrent disease in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) undergoing cervical conization. Our purpose was to evaluate the conservative management of selected @entity0 with microinvasive (FIGO stage @entity4 ) @entity2 who have been treated by cervical conization with positive margins. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 underwent KTP laser conization and vaporization for stage @entity4 @entity2 followed by careful observation. Involved margins were diagnosed if @entity3 or more was present at the ectocervical or endocervical margin and 7 @entity0 formed the basis of the present study. Follow-up consisted of cytology, histology, and pelvic examination. Disease recurrence was defined as a histology diagnosis of @entity3 or more on colposcopically directed biopsy or endocervical curettage. RESULTS: The endocervical margins were involved by @entity1 in situ in seven (26%) @entity0 . No ectocervical margin involvement was detected. No lymph-vascular space involvement (LVSI) and confluent invasion were seen. All seven @entity0 were free of recurrent disease during median follow-up of 4.0 (range 2.3-7.6) years. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that laser conization and vaporization may be a reasonable treatment option in @entity0 with microinvasive (FIGO Stage @entity4 ) @entity2 despite positive cone margins without invasive disease when LVSI is not demonstrated.

title: Stage @entity4 XXXX : conservative management after laser conization with positive margins.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previously, we observed that reducing myocardial temperature in the risk region before @entity4 caused a profound reduction in @entity3 size. It is unknown whether lowering myocardial temperature after @entity0 has already begun, or just before reperfusion, is also effective in reducing @entity3 size. This study tests the hypothesis that reducing myocardial temperature locally, after coronary occlusion, reduces @entity3 size. METHODS: Anesthetized @entity1 received 30 min of @entity4 and three hours of reperfusion. Myocardial temperature in the risk zone was monitored. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group 1, topical @entity2 starting 10 min after coronary occlusion (n = 11); group 2, cooling starting 25 min after coronary occlusion (n = 11); or group 3, control, no intervention (n = 10). RESULTS: Hemodynamic parameters and regional myocardial blood flow were equivalent in all groups. Risk zone temperature was similar in all groups at occlusion. The cooling maneuver produced a rapid reduction in temperature in the risk region. In group 1, myocardial temperature was reduced an average of 6.3 degrees C between 10 and 15 min of @entity4 ; myocardial temperature in group 2 was reduced an average of 5.9 degrees C between 25 and 30 min of @entity4 . Cooling was maintained until 15 min of reperfusion. Myocardial temperature in group 3 remained within 0.3 degree C of baseline during @entity4 and into reperfusion. Core temperature was similar in all groups. Although the @entity0 risk region was comparable in all groups, early cooling (group 1) resulted in a significant reduction in @entity3 size, expressed as a fraction of the risk region, compared with the control group (0.23 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.44 +/- 0.04 of the risk region); however, cooling just before reperfusion (group 2) failed to modify @entity3 size compared with the controls (0.43 +/- 0.04 and 0.44 +/- 0.04 of the risk region, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results support our hypothesis that reducing myocardial temperature reduces @entity3 size. However, it is important the reduction in temperature be produced as early as possible following @entity4 .

title: Regional hypothermia reduces XXXX even when instituted after the onset of @entity0 .

answer: @entity2