abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyse a possible synergistic effect between @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in relation to future @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHOD: All 4 823 069 individuals aged 16-64 years, living in Sweden in December 2004, not pensioned in 2005 and without ongoing sickness @entity4 at the turn of 2004/2005 formed the cohort of this register-based study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for @entity3 (2006-2010) were estimated. Exposure variables were @entity2 (M54) (sickness @entity4 or inpatient or specialized outpatient care in 2005) and @entity5 (F40-F48) [sickness @entity4 or inpatient or specialized outpatient care or antidepressants (N06a) in 2005]. RESULTS: HRs for @entity3 were 4.03 (95% CI 3.87-4.21) and 3.86 (95% CI 3.68-4.04) in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity2 . HRs for @entity3 in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity5 were 4.98 (95% CI 4.88-5.08) and 6.05 (95% CI 5.90-6.21). In @entity0 and @entity0 with both conditions, HRs for @entity3 were 15.62 (95% CI 14.40-16.94) and 19.84 (95% CI 17.94-21.94). In @entity0 , synergy index, relative excess risk due to interaction, and attributable proportion were 1.24 (95% CI 1.13-1.36), 0.18 (95% CI 0.11-0.25), and 2.08 (95% CI 1.09-3.06). The corresponding figures for @entity0 were 1.45 (95% CI 1.29-1.62), 0.29 (95% CI 0.22-0.36), and 4.21 (95% CI 2.71-5.70). CONCLUSIONS: Co-morbidity of @entity2 and @entity5 is associated with a higher risk of @entity3 than either individual condition, when added up, which has possible clinical implications to prevent further disability and exclusion from the labour market.

title: Synergistic effect between @entity2 and XXXX and the risk of future @entity3 : a nationwide study from Sweden.

answer: @entity1


abstract: There are three members in the natriuretic peptide hormone family, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), @entity3 ( @entity3 , brain natriuretic peptide), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), that are involved in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. @entity4 is found principally in the central nervous system and vascular endothelial cells while ANP and @entity3 are cardiac hormones. ANP is synthesized mainly in the atria of the normal adult heart, while @entity3 is produced by both the atria and ventricles. The mechanisms controlling ANP release have been the subject of intense research, and are now fairly well understood. The major determinant of ANP secretion is myocyte stretch. Although much less is known about the factors regulating @entity3 release from the heart, myocyte stretch has also been reported to stimulate @entity3 release from both atria and ventricles. However, whether wall stretch acts directly or via factors such as endothelin- , @entity0 , or @entity1 liberated in response to distension has not been established. Recent studies show that by stimulating endothelin type A receptors endothelin plays an important physiological role as a mediator of acute-volume load-induced ANP secretion from atrial myocytes in conscious animals. In fact, endogenous paracrine/autocrine factors liberated in response to atrial wall stretch rather than direct stretch appears to be responsible for activation of ANP secretion in response to volume load, as evidenced by almost complete blockade of ANP secretion during combined inhibition of endothelin type A/B and @entity1 receptors. Furthermore, under certain experimental conditions @entity1 and @entity0 may also exert a significant modulatory effect on stretch-activated ANP secretion. The molecular mechanisms by which @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity0 synergistically regulate stretch-activated ANP release are yet unclear.

title: Mechanisms of mechanical load-induced atrial natriuretic peptide secretion: role of endothelin, XXXX , and @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We searched for morphological evidence to support the hypothesis that stem cells are responsible for renal tubular cell proliferation. The rationale of the study was that if proliferation relies on progenitors, mitotically active cells should be less differentiated than their neighbors. As the retention of the @entity1 analog @entity2 has been the only approach employed to identify stem cells in the kidney up to now we additionally characterized @entity2 -retaining cells. @entity0 kidneys were fixed by perfusion. Cycling cells identified by mitotic figures or the expression of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy as well as immunofluorescence for four differentiation markers. Newborn @entity0 were injected with @entity2 in order to detect label-retaining cells. After a period of 8, 14 and 35 weeks the kidneys were examined for @entity2 by immunofluorescence and the four differentiation markers mentioned above. All cycling cells showed the same degree of differentiation compared to non-cycling cells. Most of the detected label-retaining cells were differentiated. We conclude that cycling cells in tubules of the healthy kidney are differentiated and that the retention of label is not a criterion to identify stem cells in renal tubules.

title: Tubular cell proliferation in the healthy XXXX kidney.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate if @entity2 ( @entity2 ) contralateral to the @entity4 can interfere with the compensatory @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 (17 males, 10 females) with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (14 on the right, 13 on the left) have been treated at the Nephrology Unit of the Pediatric Department of the University of Verona from birth up to the second year of life. All these @entity0 were diagnosed as having @entity4 by prenatal ultrasonography. Seven @entity0 (4 males and 3 females) had @entity2 (5 monolateral, 2 bilateral), diagnosed at the end of the first month of life. After diagnosis children underwent antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity3 compounds at low doses. Four @entity0 underwent a surgical correction of @entity2 associated with nephrectomy within the second year of life. The remaining 3 @entity0 were treated with antibiotic prophylaxis; a progressive resolution or downgrading of reflux grade took place respectively in 1 and in 2 of them. Only 6 @entity0 with @entity4 underwent nephrectomy. @entity1 was studied by serial echographic measurements of the @entity1 (performed at birth, at 6 months, and at 2 years of life). RESULTS: Renal length was 5.68+/-1.24 cm, 6.72+/-0.88 cm, 8.56+/-1.27 cm in @entity0 without @entity2 , respectively at birth, 6 months and 2 years of life. Renal length was 4.65+/-0.63 cm, 6.70+/-0.64 cm, 7.07+/-1.14 cm in @entity0 with @entity2 , respectively at birth, 6 months and 2 years of life. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups at birth (p<0.05) and at 2 years of life (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion is that @entity2 contralateral to the @entity4 is associated with small kidneys and reduced renal growth both at birth and at 2 years of life.

title: @entity4 and contralateral XXXX . @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), defined as need for re-intubation within 24-72  h, is multifactorial. Factors predicting @entity1 in adults generally are not useful in @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with @entity1 and to facilitate prediction of @entity1 in mechanically ventilated @entity0 and @entity0 less than 12  years of age. MATERIAL AND  METHODS: Design Prospective cohort study. Setting PICU and NICU of a multispecialty tertiary care institute. @entity0 All consecutive newborns, @entity0 and @entity0 , who remained on the ventilator for more than 12  h, were included. @entity0 with @entity5 , complex anatomic @entity3 , accidental extubation, tracheostomy or @entity2 before extubation were excluded. Methods The pre-extubation clinical, laboratory and ventilatory parameters were collected for 92 cases over a one and half year period. The @entity1 rate was calculated for each variable using STATA 9. All the treating physicians were blinded to the data collection procedure. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Demographics were comparable between the extubation success and @entity1 groups. @entity4 was the main cause requiring ventilation (46.74  %, 95  % CI 0.37-0.57) as well as @entity1 (30.23  %, 95  % CI 0.08-0.23). 76.92  % (95  % CI 0.58-0.89) of @entity0 that failed extubation had alterations in respiratory effort, 38.46  % (95  % CI 0.22-0.57) each had either poor or increased respiratory effort. Poor cough reflex (p  =  0.001), thick endotracheal secretions (p  =  0.02), failed spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) (p  =  0.001) and higher rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) (p  =  0.001) were found to be associated with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric @entity1 is multifactorial. Increased or poor respiratory effort and failed SBT are potential factors in deciding re-intubation. Increased RSBI, poor cough reflex and thick.

title: Prediction of extubation failure in newborns, @entity0 and XXXX : brief report of a prospective (blinded) cohort study at a tertiary care paediatric centre in India.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ), a raphidophycean flagellate, is a causative organism of red tide, and highly toxic to fish. In this study, we found that the cell-free @entity4 extract prepared from this flagellate exhibited potent hemolytic activity against @entity2 erythrocytes. Interestingly, the hemolytic activity of the extract was absolutely light-dependent, and no hemolytic activity was detected in the dark even at very high concentration. Gel filtration chromatography of the @entity4 extract on a column of Sephadex LH-20 revealed that the extract contained @entity5 as well as hemolytic agents, and the substances responsible for these activities were separately eluted. These results suggest that the hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities were derived from distinct compounds. The hemolytic fraction obtained after gel filtration (F4) caused marked inhibition of the growth of @entity7 itself and other species of phytoplanktons. Furthermore, F4 showed a potent @entity3 toward various @entity0 cultured cell lines including @entity0 @entity1 cells (HeLa cells) in a dose-dependent manner. The @entity3 was also light-dependent, and no cytotoxic effect was exhibited in any cell lines tested in the dark. After further purification procedures via preparative thin-layer chromatography and subsequent HPLC, a major hemolytic agent was obtained as highly purified form. Since the @entity4 extracts prepared from other raphidophycean flagellates such as @entity6 , Olisthodiscus luteus, and Fibrocapsa japonica showed light-dependent hemolytic activity toward @entity2 erythrocytes, it was suggested that the light-dependent hemolytic agents commonly exist at least in these raphidophycean flagellates.

title: Isolation and characterization of light-dependent hemolytic cytotoxin from harmful red tide phytoplankton XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The application of circulating @entity1 DNA(ctDNA) represents a non-invasive method for @entity1 detection. Its prognostic significance in @entity0 with @entity2 is controversial. We performed a systematic review of data from published studies to assess the prognostic values of ctDNA in @entity0 with @entity2 . We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases to identify eligible studies reporting disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) stratified by ctDNA prior to December 6, 2016. We evaluated the quality and design of these studies. A total of 22 studies were eligible for systematic review. Among them, 11 studies investigated the prognostic value of ctDNA on disease-free survival (DFS). Seven of 11 studies showed that ctDNA was an independent variable to estimate the probability of DFS by multivariate analyses. Thirteen studies assessed the relationship between ctDNA and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Eight of 13 studies showed that ctDNA was an independent predictor of worse @entity3 through the use of multivariate analyses. This analysis provides evidence that ctDNA may be a prognostic biomarker, negatively correlated with the survival of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Prognostic value of circulating @entity1 DNA in XXXX with colon cancer: Systematic review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most commonly involved sites in the systemic progression of primary @entity3 ( @entity3 ) such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ). There is no consensus on the treatment of CNS progression in CTCL, but survival of 3-6  months is suggested when @entity4 -based chemotherapy and/or CNS irradiation is used. @entity5 is active in earlier stages of @entity6 and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. There are no published data on its use in @entity6 @entity0 with CNS involvement. METHODS: Four @entity6 @entity0 were treated with oral @entity5 (200  mg/m(2) per day for 5  d on a 28-day cycle) for CNS progression. Two @entity0 received @entity5 with low-dose CNS irradiation as initial treatment, and two received @entity5 following disease progression after @entity4 -based chemotherapy and CNS irradiation. All @entity0 received @entity2 . RESULTS: @entity5 was well tolerated; there were no treatment withdrawals or dose reductions caused by @entity1 . @entity0  1 had an excellent partial response in pre-irradiated disease. @entity0  2 showed disease stabilization following irradiation. @entity0  3 showed a complete response after a partial response to irradiation. @entity0  4 demonstrated continued stabilization after a partial response to irradiation. Overall survival ranged from 10 to 33  months. @entity0  3 remains alive and symptom-free at 23  months following treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 following low-dose CNS irradiation appears to be well tolerated and effective in @entity6 @entity0 with CNS progression. It may represent a less toxic alternative to chemotherapy containing @entity4 or an option for second-line therapy.

title: XXXX for central nervous system involvement in @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood @entity0 survivors (CCS) are at high risk of developing treatment-related late effects, including @entity2 and @entity1 . Late effects can be exacerbated by low physical activity (PA) levels. Relationships between PA and cardiovascular risk factors during childhood have not been well described in CCS. PROCEDURE: PA and cardiovascular risk factors were measured cross-sectionally in 319 CCS and 208 sibling controls aged 9-18 years. Comparisons between CCS and controls and associations of outcomes with PA (dichotomized at 60   min/day or treated as continuous) were performed with linear regression. RESULTS: Among CCS, the high PA group had lower percent fat mass (24.4% vs. 29.8%, P   <   0.0001), abdominal subcutaneous fat (67.9 vs. 97.3   cm(3) , P   =   0.0004), and abdominal visceral fat (20.0 vs. 24.9   cm(3) , P   =   0.007) and greater lean body mass (41.3 vs. 39.5   kg, P   =   0.009) than the low PA group. Comparing CCS to controls, differences in waist circumference (Pinteraction    =   0.04), percent fat mass (Pinteraction    =   0.04), and abdominal subcutaneous (Pinteraction    =   0.02) and visceral (Pinteraction    =   0.004) fat between low and high PA groups were greater in CCS than controls, possibly due to greater overall adiposity in CCS. CONCLUSIONS: High PA in CCS resulted in an improved cardiovascular profile, consisting primarily of lower fat mass and greater lean mass, similar to that observed in controls. This suggests interventions directed to increase PA in CCS may reduce the risk of future @entity2 . Pediatr @entity0    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood XXXX survivors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10 , a well established oncogenic member of @entity11 family, is among the most intensely investigated kinase drug targets. In contrast to hotspot mutations of @entity11 , few mutations of @entity10 locate in activation loop within kinase domain. We previously reported the molecular mechanism underlying hyper kinase activity of HER2 @entity14 , a mutation located in activation loop. However, its tumorigenicity in vivo and relevant therapeutics remain to be determined. Here, we report for the first time that HER2H878Y was tumorigenic in vivo in @entity6 transgenic @entity2 model. Induced expression of HER2H878Y in lung epithelial compartments resulted in formation of poorly differentiated @entity6 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) features. Strikingly, we found that these @entity1 depended on continuous expression of HER2H878Y for maintenance. Typical @entity10 downstream signaling mediators, including PLCy1, @entity12 and @entity5 , were hyperactivated in @entity0 . More importantly, administration of @entity13 , a @entity9 kinase inhibitor (TKI), efficiently shrank HER2H878Y driven @entity1 in transgenic @entity2 model. Moreover, we found that combinational treatment with @entity13 and @entity8 inhibitor, @entity7 , showed a superior @entity4 to @entity14 mutant transformed cells and enhanced activity to elicit apoptosis and inhibit growth in situ in tumorous area. Our work therefore showed that HER2 @entity14 mutant was a reasonable drug target. Hence, our work supported the assessment of @entity13 / @entity7 treatment in clinical trials.

title: @entity1 driven by gain-of-function @entity10 XXXX mutant is highly sensitive to @entity10 inhibitor.

answer: @entity14


abstract: Hookworm is highly endemic to Hainan Province, an island located in the South China Sea. To investigate the prevalence and intensity of infection in the area, the village of Xiulongkan was surveyed between April and July 1998. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which fecal samples of 80% of the village residents (631 individuals) were tested for the presence of helminth eggs. Hookworm was the predominant intestinal helminth in Xiulongkan, where it was determined that 60% of those tested were infected. @entity2 was the predominant species of hookworm in this population. The prevalence of hookworm increased with age, and then leveled to a plateau for ages 41 yr and up. This observation was in contrast to infections with @entity1 , where the highest prevalences occurred among school-aged @entity0 . @entity0 had a significantly higher prevalence of hookworm than @entity0 and this difference emerged in early adulthood. The intensity of hookworm infection also significantly increased with age, with the highest intensity infections occurring among middle-aged and elderly residents. Females were more likely to have moderate or heavy infections, whereas males were more likely to have light infections. The rates of hookworm transmission are particularly high among the middle-aged and elderly residents of Xiulongkan.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX hookworm infections in Xiulongkan Village, Hainan Province, China: high prevalence and intensity among middle-aged and elderly residents.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To investigate associations between the postoperative immune response and the levels of extracellular circulating DNA (cDNA), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the peripheral blood and their role as potential predictors of postoperative septic complications. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study involving 115 adult @entity0 who underwent elective surgery. @entity0 were divided into three groups: with benign disease, with @entity1 , and with @entity1 and administration of @entity4 . Serum @entity5 levels, N/L ratio, monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression, proportion of Treg cells, and cDNA levels were measured at different time points before and after surgery. RESULTS: All @entity0 had increased @entity5 levels after surgery. @entity6 @entity0 had higher serum @entity5 levels at baseline. Compared with the other groups, the @entity4 group had significantly higher @entity5 levels before and after surgery, a significantly higher N/L ratio before surgery, a significantly lower rise in the N/L ratio after surgery, and a significantly lower HLA-DR expression at baseline, which remained stable after surgery. In the @entity1 group, we observed a significant postoperative decrease in the HLA-DR expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the immunosuppressive effect of surgery and the presence of a @entity1 may contribute to a higher risk of @entity2 . Preoperative @entity5 levels may be a reliable predictor of @entity3 in oncological @entity0 .

title: Postoperative immunosuppression markers and the occurrence of XXXX in @entity0 with benign and @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the optimum duration of topical ofloxacin therapy for @entity1 media and to compare the response between @entity0 with @entity1 media (CSOM) and acute exacerbation of @entity1 media (AE). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Five university hospitals and 30 affiliated institutions. @entity0 : A total of 294 @entity0 who presented to the participating institutions with CSOM were enrolled. Among them, 268 @entity0 were evaluable for safety and 237 were evaluable for efficacy (64 with CSOM and 173 with AE . INTERVENTION: @entity4 otic solution was administered for as long as 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and bacteriologic assessment was done weekly during the treatment period. The clinical response was assessed on the basis of the symptom scores. RESULTS: There were no differences between CSOM and AE @entity0 with respect to sex, age, and severity. The most common bacterial isolate from middle ear discharge was @entity3 . The clinical response rates in @entity0 with CSOM and AE were 39.1% and 61.3% after 2 weeks of treatment and 57.8% and 75.1% after 4 weeks, respectively, and the bacterial eradication rate was 91.0% at 2 weeks and 94.6% at 4 weeks. Detection of new @entity2 did not increase as the duration of therapy was prolonged. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The duration of treatment was shorter and the clinical response was higher in AE @entity0 than in CSOM @entity0 . The standard topical ofloxacin regimen for @entity1 media should consist of a 2-week course from the aspect of bacteriologic efficacy, although @entity0 showing insufficient symptomatic improvement after 2 weeks may benefit from another 1 or 2 weeks of therapy. Administration of this drug for as long as 4 weeks can increase the clinical efficacy without causing safety problems.

title: Topical @entity4 for @entity1 media and acute exacerbation of XXXX media: optimum duration of treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to evaluate the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, @entity0 @entity1 factor [TNF]-a, IL-1 receptor antagonist [ra] and serum amyloid A (SAA) in endometrial tissue and circulating leukocytes in response to uterine inoculation of 105 colony forming units (CFU) @entity2 in mares. Before inoculation, mares were classified as resistant or susceptible to persistent @entity3 based on their uterine inflammatory response to infusion of 109 killed spermatozoa and histological assessment of the endometrial quality. Endometrial biopsies were obtained 3, 12, 24 and 72 hours (h) after bacterial inoculation and blood samples were obtained during the 7 day period post bacterial inoculation. Expression levels of cytokines and SAA were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Compared to levels in a control biopsy (obtained in the subsequent estrous), resistant mares showed an up-regulation of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-a at 3 h after @entity2 inoculation, while susceptible mares showed increased gene expression of IL-6 and IL-1ra. Susceptible mares had a significant lower gene expression of TNF-a,IL-6 and increased expression of IL-1ra 3 h after @entity2 inoculation compared to resistant mares. Susceptible mares showed a sustained and prolonged inflammatory response with increased gene expression levels of IL-1b, IL-8, IL-1ra and IL-1b:IL-1ra ratio throughout the entire study period (72 h), whereas levels in resistant mares returned to estrous control levels by 12 hours. Endometrial mRNA transcripts of IL-1b and IL-1ra were significantly higher in mares with heavy uterine bacterial growth compared to mares with no/mild growth.All blood parameters were unaffected by intrauterine @entity2 infusion, except for a lower gene expression of IL-10 at 168 h and an increased expression of IL-1ra at 48 h observed in susceptible mares compared to resistant mares. CONCLUSIONS: The current investigation suggests that endometrial mRNA transcripts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to @entity3 are finely regulated in resistant mares, with initial high expression levels followed by normalization within a short period of time. Susceptible mares had a prolonged expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting the hypothesis that an unbalanced endometrial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines might play an important role in the pathogenesis of persistent @entity3 .

title: Inflammatory responses to induced XXXX in mares resistant or susceptible to persistent @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying post-extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) bypass neurocognitive changes are poorly understood. METHODS: Data from 55 @entity0 who underwent a unilateral EC-IC bypass for @entity4 (ICA)/middle cerebral artery (MCA) steno-occlusive disease were retrospectively evaluated. These @entity0 underwent neuropsychological examinations (NPEs), including assessment by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) before and 6  months after EC-IC bypass. Results of NPEs were converted into Z-scores from which preoperative cognitive composite scores (CSpre) and postoperative cognitive composite scores (CSpost) were obtained. The association between the change of composite score between pre- and postoperative NPEs (CSpost-pre   =   CS post - CS pre) and various variables were assessed. These latter variables included occluded artery (ICA or MCA), preexisting @entity3 as verified in preoperative T2WI, robust bypass patency as verified by MRA performed approximately 6  months postoperatively, and postoperative transient @entity1 and/or @entity2 ( @entity6 ), both of which were dichotomized as postoperative events. RESULTS: Postoperative MRI follow-up (median, 6  months; interquartile range, 5-8 months) confirmed successful bypasses in all @entity0 , with no additional ischemic lesions on T2WI when compared with preoperative imaging. Further, MRA showed patent bypasses in all @entity0 . A nearly statistically significant CS post-pre decrease was observed in @entity0 with postoperative events when compared with those without postoperative events (-0.158 vs. 0.039; p   =   0.069). A multiple regression model predicting CSpost-pre was performed. After controlling for occluded arteries, postoperative events were identified as an independent predictor of a decline in CSpost-pre (p   =   0.044). In the group rate analysis, three of four postoperative NPE scores (Performance IQ, @entity5 ) were significantly improved relative to preoperative NPE scores. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative transient @entity1 and/or @entity6 might play a significant role in the subtle decline in cognition following an EC-IC bypass. However, this detrimental effect was small, and based on the group rate analysis, we concluded that a successful unilateral EC-IC bypass does not adversely affect postoperative cognitive function.

title: Postoperative transient @entity1 and XXXX after extracranial-intracranial bypass for internal carotid/middle cerebral atherosclerotic steno-occlusive diseases: negative effect on cognitive performance.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Degradation of mitotic cyclins on exit from M phase occurs by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. The ubiquitination of mitotic cyclins is regulated by the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or cyclosome. @entity4 , the @entity0 homolog of the Suc1/Cks protein, is required for some step in mitotic cyclin destruction in @entity0 egg extracts. Specifically, if p9 is removed from interphase egg extracts, these p9-depleted extracts are unable to carry out the proteolysis of cyclin B after entry into mitosis and thus remain arrested in M phase. To explore the molecular basis of this defect, we depleted p9 from extracts that had already entered M phase and thus contained an active @entity2 . We found that ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of cyclin B was not compromised under these circumstances, suggesting that p9 is not directly required for ubiquitination or proteolysis. Further analysis of extracts from which p9 had been removed during interphase showed that, at the beginning of mitosis, these extracts are unable to carry out the hyperphosphorylation of the @entity3 component of the @entity2 , which coincides with the initial activation of the @entity2 . p9 can be found in a complex with a small fraction of the @entity3 protein during M phase but not interphase. The phosphorylation of the @entity3 protein (either associated with the @entity2 or in an isolated, bacterially expressed form) by recombinant @entity1 /cyclin B is strongly enhanced by p9. Our results indicate that p9 directly regulates the phosphorylation of the @entity2 by @entity1 /cyclin B. These studies indicate that the Suc1/Cks protein modulates substrate recognition by a cyclin-dependent kinase.

title: @entity4 , a @entity0 Suc1/Cks protein, is essential for the XXXX -dependent phosphorylation of the anaphase- promoting complex at mitosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between @entity1 and immune-mediated rheumatic conditions is controversial, especially as far as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is concerned. Furthermore, no clinical feature has been shown to be suggestive of a @entity3 . With the present study, we aim to address both these issues. The study population comprised N  =  1750 @entity0 , including N  =  100 with @entity5 , who attended our tertiary immuno-rheumatology clinic between January 1, 2005 and November 30, 2012. A @entity3 was deemed paraneoplastic if @entity1 had been diagnosed in the 2  years preceding or following its onset. The probability of a significant association between a specific @entity3 and @entity1 was evaluated by computing the odds ratio (OR): N  =  702 @entity0 with @entity2 serving as controls. Furthermore, clinical features distinguishing paraneoplastic @entity3 were searched for by univariate and multivariate analysis. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) [OR 3.6 (CI 95% 1.7-7.5)], @entity5 (OR 5.1 CI 95% 2.9-8.9), @entity6 / @entity7 [OR 12.09 (CI 95% 2.6-55.8)] and @entity4 [OR 3.70 (CI 95% 1.81-7.52)] are associated with @entity1 . At multivariate analysis, older age is associated with @entity1 among @entity8 @entity0 (p  =  0.03), while in the @entity5 group, older age, male gender, and >= 6 tender joints are independent predictors of paraneoplastic @entity5 (p  <  0.0004). Cancer frequently either heralds or follows rheumatic manifestations, including @entity5 . Older age, male gender and a more extensive joint involvement should be considered red flags for paraneoplastic @entity5 .

title: Association between XXXX and @entity1 : results from a clinical practice cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A previous study performed using steady state fluorescence has revealed the existence of residual structures surrounding the two @entity2 residues in an unfolded form of @entity0 @entity4 [Garcia, P., et al. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 397-404]. In this paper, we present a more detailed characterization of these residual structures, through the study of two single @entity2 -containing mutants of yPGK, @entity5 and @entity6 . Denaturation experiments have first been performed at low temperatures to assess the nature of the interactions stabilizing these residual structures. On the other hand, the compactness and dynamics of the protein matrix were probed using @entity2 fluorescence quenching by @entity3 at various denaturant concentrations. Taking into consideration the changes in sample viscosity induced by addition of @entity1 made feasible the use of this technique during the denaturation process. These different approaches have shown that the residual structures around @entity2 308 are mainly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and are more compact and less fluctuant than the ones surrounding @entity2 333. Native and denatured yPGK have also been studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. In the native protein, @entity2 buried in the core, W333, is mainly associated with a lifetime close to 0.1 ns, whereas @entity2 that is partially accessible to the solvent, W308, has a lifetime close to 0. 5 ns. The time-resolved @entity2 fluorescence emission of wild-type yPGK can be accounted for quantitatively by the summed emissions of its two single @entity2 mutants. The significance of minor long lifetime components is discussed for the two @entity2 residues. This new assignment of fluorescent decay times has allowed for the detection of a folding intermediate in which the environment of @entity2 333 is modified for denaturant concentrations lower than those for @entity2 308.

title: Steady state and time-resolved fluorescence study of residual structures in an unfolded form of @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To further understand the association between semen quality and @entity1 risk by means of well defined semen parameters. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Not applicable. @entity0 (S): A total of 20,433 @entity0 who underwent semen analysis (SA) and a sample of 20,433 fertile control subjects matched by age and birth year. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Risk of all @entity1 as well as site-specific results for @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity4 . RESULT(S): Compared with fertile @entity0 , @entity0 with SA had an increased risk of @entity1 (hazard rate [HR] 3.3). When the characterization of @entity2 was refined using individual semen parameters, we found that oligozoospermic @entity0 had an increased risk of @entity1 compared with fertile control subjects. This association was particularly strong for @entity1 , with increased risk in @entity0 with @entity7 based on concentration (HR 11.9) and on sperm count (HR 10.3). @entity0 in the in the lowest @entity5 (HR 6.9) had higher risk of @entity1 compared with fertile @entity0 . @entity0 with sperm concentration and count in the 90th percentiles of the distribution (>= 178 and >= 579 * 10(6)/mL, respectively), as well as total motile count, had an increased risk of @entity4 (HRs 2.1, 2.7, and 2.0, respectively). We found no differences in @entity1 risk between azoospermic and fertile @entity0 . CONCLUSION(S): @entity0 with SA had an increased risk of @entity1 which varied by semen quality. Unlike earlier work, we did not find an association between @entity6 and @entity1 risk.

title: Subfertility increases risk of XXXX : evidence from population-based semen samples.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) improves non-operative splenic salvage rates in adults, but its utility and safety in the pediatric population is less well defined. OBJECTIVE: Because adolescent @entity1 @entity0 are often triaged to adult @entity1 centers, we were interested in evaluating @entity3 in this particular population. We hypothesize that angiography and embolization is a safe and effective adjunct to non-operative management in the adolescent population. METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity0 aged 13-17 years admitted to our Level I @entity1 Center with blunt @entity1 from 1997-2005 was performed. We reviewed @entity0 demographics, operative reports, admission, and follow-up abdominal computed tomography (ACT) results, angiographic reports, and @entity0 outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 97 @entity0 were reviewed. Eighteen @entity0 underwent immediate surgery, and 79 of the remaining @entity0 had planned non-operative management. Of those participating in non-operative management, 35/79 (44%) were initially observed and 44/79 (56%) underwent initial angiography, 23/44 having embolization. @entity0 in the embolization group had an overall high grade of injury (American Association for the Surgery of @entity1 mean grade 3.3, SD 0.6). The overall splenic salvage rate was 96% (76/79) in the non-operative management group; 100% splenic salvage was seen in the observational group; 100% salvage was also seen in @entity0 with negative angiography, and 87% salvage (20/23) in the @entity3 group. CONCLUSION: @entity3 may be a valuable adjunct in adolescent blunt @entity1 , especially in higher grade injuries or with evidence of @entity2 on ACT.

title: Blunt @entity1 in the adolescent XXXX population: the role of angiography and embolization.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) counterpulsation is a useful hemodynamic assist device during complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity0 with poor left ventricular function; however, the presence of an @entity5 poses a problem, because insertion via the femoral artery may cause @entity3 and @entity6 . A 92-year-old @entity0 with unstable @entity4 was admitted to our hospital. Coronary angiography revealed @entity1 of the proximal left anterior descending artery and severe @entity2 of the left circumflex artery (LCX). The left ventricular ejection fraction was 36%. He also had an @entity5 with a diameter of 55 mm. Supported PCI was performed for the management of the LCX lesion. A novel 6-Fr @entity7 catheter was inserted via the left brachial artery. The lesion was successfully dilated, and a 3.0   13 mm Cypher   stent was placed. After the PCI procedure, the @entity7 catheter was retrieved in the catheter laboratory, and the @entity0 was discharged after 7 days. When a femoral approach is contraindicated in PCI, 6-Fr @entity7 catheter insertion via the brachial artery is feasible and effective.

title: Supported percutaneous coronary intervention using a novel 6-Fr intra-aortic balloon pump catheter via the brachial artery in a nonagenarian @entity0 with an XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 is known as an exceptionally aggressive and treatment-resistant @entity0 @entity2 . Although a great deal of progress has been made in the past decade, including the development of immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy using @entity5 , MEK or KIT inhibitors, treatment for unresectable stage III, stage IV, and recurrent @entity4 is still challenging with limited response rate, severe side effects and poor prognosis, highlighting an urgent need for discovering and designing more effective approaches to conquer @entity4 . @entity4 is not only driven by malignant melanocytes, but also by the altered communication between neoplastic cells and non-malignant cell populations, including fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells, in the @entity2 stroma. Infiltrated and surrounding fibroblasts, also known as @entity2 -associated fibroblasts (CAFs), exhibit both phenotypical and physiological differences compared to normal dermal fibroblasts. They acquire properties of myofibroblasts, remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and architecture of the diseased tissue and secrete chemical factors, which all together promote the transformation process by encouraging @entity2 growth, @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity1 and contribute to drug resistance. A number of in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that stromal fibroblasts promote @entity4 cell proliferation and they have been targeted to suppress @entity2 growth effectively. Evidently, a combination therapy co-targeting @entity2 cells and stromal fibroblasts may provide promising strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes and overcome treatment resistance. A significant benefit of targeting CAFs is that the approach aims to create a @entity2 -resistant environment that inhibits growth of @entity4 carrying different genetic mutations. However, the origin of CAFs and precise mechanisms by which CAFs contribute to @entity4 and drug resistance remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the origin, activation and heterogeneity of @entity2 microenvironment and examine the contributions of stromal fibroblasts at different stages of @entity4 development. We also highlight the recent progression in dissecting and characterizing how local fibroblasts become reprogrammed and build a dynamic yet optimal microenvironment for @entity2 to develop and @entity1 . In addition, we review key developments in ongoing preclinical studies and clinical applications targeting CAFs and @entity2 -stroma interactions for @entity4 treatment.

title: Perspective of Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity4 is a vexing problem despite effective anticoagulation, and is characterized by vein wall @entity1 . This study tested the hypothesis that P-selectin inhibition would decrease post-thrombotic vein wall @entity1 and associated profibrotic mediators. METHODS: A @entity0 stasis model of @entity3 was used to produce a 2-day-old @entity3 . @entity0 then received either intravenous saline (control), rPSGL-Ig (4 mg/kg) once, or daily subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (0.5 mg/kg). Inferior vena cava wall was harvested 7 days after treatment and processed for @entity2 size; leukocyte content; profibrotic mediators by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; collagen I and III mRNA expression by semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; and for collagen protein. RESULTS: Thrombus mass and leukocyte counts were similar between the groups. Treatment with rPSGL-Ig and LMWH resulted in less vein wall collagen (P <.05). rPSGL-Ig treatment (and a similar trend for LMWH) was associated with decreased profibrotic mediators, including less @entity6 , @entity5 , bFGH, and transforming growth factor-beta (P <.05). Collagen III gene expression, but not collagen I gene expression, was increased with LMWH treatment (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: P-selectin inhibition with rPSGL-Ig or LMWH decreases post- @entity3 vein wall @entity1 , and is associated with decreased vein wall profibrotic mediators. This effect is independent of @entity2 mass and vein wall leukocytes.

title: P-selectin inhibition decreases post-thrombotic vein wall @entity1 in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 results in complex alterations of all 3 phases of hemostasis. It is now recognized that hemostasis is @entity2 . The fall in clotting factor levels is accompanied by a parallel fall in anticoagulant proteins. High @entity7 factor levels counteract defects in primary hemostasis. Conventional coagulation tests do not fully reflect the derangement in hemostasis and do not accurately predict the risk of @entity3 . Global coagulation assays (thrombin generation, thromboelastography) reflect the interaction between procoagulant factors, anticoagulant factors, platelets, and the fibrinolytic system and show promise for assessing @entity3 risk and guiding therapy. These assays are not yet commercially approved or validated. Prevention of @entity3 should not be aimed at correcting conventional coagulation tests. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists were shown to increase the platelet count in cirrhotic @entity0 undergoing invasive procedures but may increase the risk of @entity4 . Rebalanced hemostasis in @entity2 is precarious and may be tipped toward @entity3 or @entity4 depending on coexisting circumstantial risk factors. @entity6 may impair hemostasis in @entity1 by triggering the release of endogenous heparinoids. There are no evidence-based guidelines for hemostatic therapy of @entity3 in @entity2 . There is currently inadequate evidence to support the use of recombinant FVIIa, prothrombin complex concentrates, or @entity5 in acute variceal or other @entity3 .

title: XXXX : a balancing act.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is one of the most common conditions managed in primary care. Restricted activity, rest, and symptomatic analgesics are the most commonly prescribed treatment for @entity2 and @entity4 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of advice to stay active as single treatment for @entity0 with @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Computerised searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sport, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Musculoskeletal Group's Trials Register and Scisearch, and scanning of reference lists from relevant articles were undertaken. Relevant studies were also traced by contacting authors. Date of the most recent searches: December 1998. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised trials or quasi-randomised trials where the study population consisted of adult @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity4 , in which one comparison group was advised to stay active. The main outcomes of interest were @entity1 , functional status, recovery and return to work. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the validity of included trials and extracted data. Investigators were contacted to collect missing data or for clarification when needed. MAIN RESULTS: Four trials, with a total of 491 @entity0 , were included. Advice to stay active was compared to advice to rest in bed in all trials. Two trials were assessed to have low risk of bias and two to have moderate to high risk of bias. The results were heterogeneous. Results from one high quality trial of @entity0 with acute simple LBP found small differences in functional status [Weighted Mean Difference (on a 0-100 scale) 6.0 (95% CI: 1.5, 10.5)] and length of sick leave [WMD 3.4 days (95% CI: 1.6, 5.2)] in favour of staying active compared to advice to stay in bed for two days. The other high quality trial compared advice to stay active with advice to rest in bed for 14 days for @entity0 with @entity3 , and found no differences between the groups. One of the high quality trials also compared advice to stay active with exercises for @entity0 with acute simple LBP, and found improvement in functional status and reduction in sick leave in favour of advice to stay active. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The best available evidence suggests that advice to stay active alone has small beneficial effects for @entity0 with @entity2 , and little or no effect for @entity0 with @entity4 . There is no evidence that advice to stay active is harmful for either @entity2 or @entity4 . If there is no major difference between advice to stay active and advice to rest in bed, and there is potential harmful effects of prolonged bed rest, then it is reasonable to advise @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 to stay active. These conclusions are based on single trials.

title: Advice to stay active as a single treatment for @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toothbrushing enhances gingival fibroblast proliferation, which promotes wound healing. Optimum force and duration of toothbrushing for stimulation of fibroblast proliferation are key factors in maximizing effects of toothbrushing on periodontal wound healing. We therefore evaluated the effects of different durations and forces of toothbrushing on proliferative activity and procollagen synthesis of gingival fibroblasts. METHODS: Twelve @entity0 were used. In each @entity0 , buccal gingivae of 12 teeth were examined for 3 weeks. Nine of these 12 teeth were each assigned to 1 of 9 different combinations of brushing force (0.98, 1.96, or 2.45 N) and duration (10, 20, or 40 seconds). The remaining 3 teeth received plaque removal without brushing, via a scaler. RESULTS: Force and duration of toothbrushing affected both @entity1 ( @entity1 )-positive and procollagen Type I C-peptide (PIP)-positive fibroblast ratios (P < 0.05). The highest ratio of @entity1 -positive fibroblasts was produced by brushing at 1.96 N for 20 seconds. The highest ratio of PIP-positive fibroblasts was produced by brushing at 1.96 N for 10 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: Toothbrushing at certain forces and durations enhanced the proliferative activity and procollagen synthesis of gingival fibroblasts. The toothbrushing duration that increased procollagen synthesis (10 seconds) was shorter than that which increased fibroblast proliferative activity (20 seconds).

title: Optimum force and duration of toothbrushing to enhance gingival fibroblast proliferation and procollagen type I synthesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of @entity1 after intramuscular administration of its long-acting @entity3 at various doses and at two different injection sites (deltoid and gluteal muscle). METHODS: The retrospective analysis included pooled data from 1795 subjects from six phase I trials and five phase II and III trials. A total of 18 530 pharmacokinetic samples with valid concentration timepoints were available for this analysis. Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling of the pooled data was conducted using NONMEM software. The full dataset was divided into an index dataset (model development) and a validation dataset. After validation both the index and validation datasets were combined and the final model was re-run on the full dataset. RESULTS: The concentration-time data for @entity1 following intramuscular administration of its @entity3 were best fitted to a one-compartment model with first-order elimination. The absorption component of the model allowed a fraction of the dose (f(2)) to enter relatively quickly into the central compartment via a zero-order process. After a lag time, the remaining fraction then entered the systemic circulation via a first-order process. Interindividual variability (IIV) in clearance (CL), central volume of distribution (V(d)) and the absorption rate constant (k(a)) were estimated at a 40%, 69% and 59% coefficient of variation (CV), respectively. The IIV on f(2) for @entity1 absorption via the dual-input process was fitted through logit transformation, and its standard deviation (SD) was 0.064. Similarly, the interoccasion variability (IOV) on CL, V(d) and f(2) was 26% CV, 14% CV and 0.07 SD, respectively. An additive-error model with log-transformed data was used to describe the residual variability (RV), and its SD was 0.22. The final covariate model indicated that the following variables had a significant influence on k(a): sex, age, injection volume (IVOL) and injection site (INJS). Similarly, the following variables had a significant influence on f(2): sex, body mass index (BMI), needle length (NDLL), INJS and IVOL. In addition, CL was related to @entity0 clearance (CL(CR)), whereas V(d) was related to BMI and sex. CONCLUSIONS: A dual-absorption pharmacokinetic model best described the complex pharmacokinetics of @entity1 after intramuscular administration of its @entity3 . These results suggest that the pharmacokinetics of @entity2 are mostly influenced by BMI, CL(CR), INJS, IVOL and NDLL.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of intramuscular XXXX in patients with schizophrenia: a novel once-monthly, long-acting formulation of an atypical antipsychotic.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the @entity10 - @entity8 combination in @entity0 with advanced @entity9 ( @entity9 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-na  ve @entity0 with histologically confirmed, measurable stage IIIB or IV @entity9 , a World Health Organization (WHO) performance status of 0-2 and adequate bone marrow, @entity2 were eligible for the study. @entity0 received @entity10 (100 mg/m2) as an one-hour infusion on day 1 and @entity8 (80 mg/m2) as a 30-min infusion with appropriate hydration on day 2. @entity11 ( @entity11 ; 150 micrograms/m2, SC) was given on days 3 to 13. Treatment was repeated every three weeks. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity0 were enrolled (28 with stage IIIB and 25 with stage IV). One complete and 23 partial responses were observed (overall response rate (OR): 45%; 95% CI: 34.1%-61.8%). The response rate was 57% and 32% in @entity0 with stages IIIB and IV disease (P = NS). The median time to progression was 36 weeks and the median survival 48 weeks; the one-year survival was 48%. Grade 3-4 @entity13 occurred in 23 @entity0 , 15 of whom were hospitalized for @entity5 ; two @entity0 died of @entity7 . Grade 2 @entity15 was observed in six @entity0 and grade 3 in five @entity0 ; grade 3 @entity12 occurred in seven @entity0 , grade 3-4 @entity3 in four @entity0 and grade 3-4 @entity6 in six @entity0 . Mild @entity4 and @entity1 were observed in five and four @entity0 , respectively. The median dose intensity was 30 mg/m2/week for @entity10 and 24 mg/m2/week for @entity8 , corresponding to 91% and 89% of the specified protocol doses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity10 - @entity8 combination is an active regimen in advanced @entity9 , but @entity14 remains high despite the prophylactic use of @entity11 .

title: First-line treatment of advanced @entity9 with @entity10 and XXXX : a multicenter phase II study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Interrupted aortic arch with @entity4 in the neonate is sometimes complicated by severe @entity2 from posterior deviation of the infundibular septum. We have developed a novel approach to the treatment of this condition. The infundibular septum is penetrated from the right-ventricular side to the left-ventricular outflow tract. It is compressed with patch fixation. The lower margin of the infundibular septum is everted. Three consecutive neonates were treated. The smallest diameters of the left-ventricular outflow tract were 3,4, and 2.5 mm. All @entity0 survived the operation and were discharged from the hospital. They remained well 2 to 7 years after the repair and were in normal sinus rhythm without a @entity3 or any significant pressure gradient between the upper and lower extremities. Follow-up two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography demonstrated no residual shunt, no left-ventricular outflow-tract pressure gradient, and no @entity1 . This technique provides effective widening of the left-ventricular outflow tract, and is more safely and easily performed than conventional methods.

title: Everting closure for interrupted aortic arch, @entity4 , and severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity1 preconditioning (PC) and @entity2 sensitive K+ channels (KATP(+) opener @entity5 on @entity3 and electrophysiology. METHODS: Langendorff-perfused @entity0 hearts were subjected to @entity1 PC with three cycles of 2 minutes of global @entity1 or infusion of KATP(+) opener @entity5 with subsequent 5 minutes global @entity1 and reperfusion. The incidence of @entity3 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), effective refractory period (ERP) and monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) of the left and right ventricles were compared to those from control @entity0 hearts. RESULTS: The results indicated that PC reduced the incidence of @entity3 and @entity4 during reperfusion (P < 0.05, vs controls). PC markedly delayed the onset of @entity3 after reperfusion (P < 0.01, vs controls). PC significantly enhanced the @entity4 values during reperfusion and shortened the ERP and the MAPD during @entity1 . @entity4 was restored more rapidly than that in controls. KATP+ opener @entity5 neither reduced the incidence of @entity3 and VF nor delayed @entity3 onset. @entity5 shortened ERP and MAPD90 without enhancing the @entity4 values, and @entity4 returned to normal as slowly as that in controls. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that PC protects the globally @entity1 @entity0 hearts from @entity3 . The antiarrhythmic effect of PC is likely to be related to a significant increase of @entity4 . KATP(+) opener @entity5 has no potential antiarrhythmic action and KATP(+) channels may not play a major role in the antiarrhythmic effects of @entity1 PC in isolated @entity0 hearts.

title: Effects of @entity1 preconditioning on @entity3 and electrophysiology in isolated XXXX hearts: it is not a role of KATP(+) channels.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 1995, the two-part National Institute of @entity1 and @entity2 (NINDS) Recombinant @entity4 @entity2 Trial found that @entity0 who were treated with @entity5 ) within three hours after the onset of symptoms of acute @entity3 were at least 30 percent more likely than @entity0 given placebo to have minimal or no disability three months after the @entity2 . It was unknown, however, whether the benefit would be sustained for longer periods. METHODS: In the NINDS Trial, a total of 624 @entity0 with @entity2 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity4 or placebo. We collected outcome data over a period of 12 months after the occurrence of @entity2 . The primary outcome measure was a "favorable outcome," defined as minimal or no disability as measured by the Barthel index, the modified Rankin Scale, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale. We assessed the treatment effect using a global statistic. RESULTS: Using an intention-to-treat analysis for the combined results of the two parts of the trial at 6 months and 12 months, we found that the global statistic favored the @entity4 group (odds ratio for a favorable outcome at 6 months, 1.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.3; odds ratio at 12 months, 95 percent confidence interval, 1.7; 1.2 to 2.3). The @entity0 treated with @entity4 were at least 30 percent more likely to have minimal or no disability at 12 months than were the placebo-treated @entity0 (absolute increase in the proportion with a favorable outcome, 11 to 13 percentage points). There was no significant difference in mortality at 12 months between the @entity4 group and the placebo group (24 percent vs. 28 percent, P=0.29). There was no interaction between the type of @entity2 identified at base line and treatment with respect to the long-term response. The rate of recurrent @entity2 at 12 months was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: During 12 months of follow-up, the @entity0 with acute @entity3 who were treated with @entity4 within three hours after the onset of symptoms were more likely to have minimal or no disability, than the @entity0 given placebo. These results indicate a sustained benefit of @entity4 for such @entity0 .

title: Effects of @entity4 for acute XXXX at one year. National Institute of @entity1 and @entity2 Recombinant @entity4 @entity2 Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Lepidic growth pattern @entity6 commonly presents as a dominant lesion (DL) with associated pulmonary nodules either in the ipsilateral or contralateral lung fields, posing a challenge in clinical decision-making. These @entity1 may be clinically upstaged compared with those who present with solitary lesions and, as a result, may be offered different therapies. The purpose of this study is to compare recurrence rates, the development of new lesions and survival in @entity0 with @entity2 with a lepidic component presenting with a DL with or without additional nodules. METHODS: We performed a 13-year retrospective chart review of @entity0 with lepidic growth pattern @entity2 . @entity0 were grouped into a uninodular group (UG) if they presented with a solitary lesion and a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) if they had a DL with additional nodules. Clinicopathological features, outcomes and survival between the two groups were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 149 @entity0 were identified: 62 (42%) in the UG and 87 (58%) in the @entity4 . In addition to the DL, 217 nodules were preoperatively identified in the @entity4 : 60 were resected concomitantly with the DL, while 157 were radiologically surveyed. Invasive @entity2 was the predominant pathological cell type in both groups. The median time of follow-up was 3 years [interquartile range (IQR) 1.9-5.1]. Local (1 vs 2%), regional (1 vs 3%) and distant recurrences (7 vs 4%) were detected, respectively, in the UG and the @entity4 . In the UG, 20 new lesions were identified, while in the @entity4 there were 28. Only 4 of 157 (2.5%) surveyed pre-existing lesions were found to be malignant and required further treatment. No statistically significant differences were observed in 5-year disease-free and overall survival between the UG and the @entity4 (82.3 vs 83.8%, P = 0.254 and 86.7 vs 93.8%, P = 0.096, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that @entity0 with lepidic growth pattern @entity2 presenting with a DL with associated secondary nodules appear to behave similarly to @entity0 with a solitary lesion. Multiple nodules including those that are malignant in this specific subset of @entity3 should not be upstaged as @entity5 and @entity0 should be treated with the same curative intent as those presenting with uninodular disease.

title: XXXX with multiple nodules and a dominant @entity6 have similar outcomes and survival compared with @entity0 who have a solitary @entity2

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thromboxanes are produced in excess and platelets are activated in active @entity2 . Preliminary reports have suggested that @entity5 , a dual @entity4 synthase inhibitor and receptor antagonist, may have therapeutic benefit in @entity0 with @entity1 . AIMS: To investigate the efficacy of @entity5 in @entity0 with active @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This was an international, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 5 mg/day oral @entity5 for 12 weeks in 85 @entity0 with moderately active @entity2 . Sixty @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity5 , and 25 to placebo. The @entity2 activity index (CDAI) was used to assess disease activity: remission was defined as a CDAI < 150. Changes in clinical condition, as assessed by the Harvey-Bradshaw index, global evaluation by the investigator and the @entity0 , and blood measures of @entity3 , were used as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' mean (s.d.) CDAI at recruitment was 277 (68) in the @entity5 treated group and 265 (70) in the placebo group. At their final assessment, 20 out of 60 (35%) @entity0 who had been given @entity5 in an intention-to-treat analysis and seven out of 25 (28%) @entity0 given placebo were in remission (no significant difference). No significant differences in Harvey- Bradshaw index or global evaluation were noted between @entity0 given @entity5 and those given placebo. Adverse events were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: A 5-mg dose of oral @entity5 was not more effective than placebo in inducing remission in @entity0 with moderately active @entity2 . If @entity4 synthesis and platelet function are to be targeted for the treatment of @entity2 , more potent agents require development and assessment.

title: Lack of efficacy of @entity5 , a @entity4 synthase inhibitor, in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-centre clinical trial in active XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Initial gait speed is a good predictor of @entity1 in later life. This prospective study used repeated measures analysis to identify potential gait performance trajectory patterns and to determine whether gait performance trajectory patterns were associated with incident disabling @entity1 among community-dwelling older Japanese. DESIGN: A prospective, observational, population-based follow-up study. SETTING: Japan, 2002 to  2014. @entity0 : A total of 1686 adults without @entity1 (mean [SD] age, 71.2 [5.6] years; @entity0 , 56.3%) aged 65 to 90  years participated in annual geriatric health assessments during the period from June 2002 through July 2014. The average number of follow-up assessments was 3.9, and the total number of observations was  6509. MEASUREMENTS: Gait performance was assessed by measuring gait speed and step length at usual and maximum paces. A review of municipal databases in the Japanese public long-term care insurance system revealed that 196 (11.6%) @entity0 developed disabling @entity1 through December  2014. RESULTS: We identified 3 distinct trajectory patterns (high, middle, and low) in gait speed and step length at usual and maximum paces in adults aged 65 to 90  years; these trajectory patterns showed parallel declines among @entity0 and @entity0 . After adjusting for important confounders, @entity0 in the low trajectory groups for gait speed and step length at usual pace were 3.46 (95% confidence interval 1.88-6.40) and 2.12 (1.29-3.49) times as likely to develop incident disabling @entity1 , respectively, as those in the high trajectory group. The respective values for low trajectories of gait speed and step length at maximum pace were 2.05 (1.02-4.14) and 2.80 (1.48-5.28), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of baseline level, the 3 major trajectory patterns for gait speed and step length tended to show similar age-related changes in @entity0 and @entity0 in later life. Individuals with low trajectories for gait speed and step length had a higher @entity1 risk, which highlights the importance of interventions for improvements in gait performance, even among older adults with low gait performance.

title: Gait Performance Trajectories and Incident Disabling XXXX Among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate early and long-term results of physical methods in the treatment of @entity2 . METHOD: In group A after surgical operation, 40 @entity0 were treated with the high-voltage stimulation (HVS) (100   s, 100 Hz, 100 V) and drug therapy. In group B after operation, 37 @entity0 were treated with ultrasound (0.5 W/cm(2), 1 MHz) and drug therapy. In group C after operation, 33 @entity0 were treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (810 nm, 65 mW) and drug therapy. In group D after operation, 35 @entity0 were treated with the compression stockings (25-31 mmHg) and drug therapy. In group E after operation, 37 @entity0 were only treated with drug therapy. Group F consisted of 32 @entity0 , conservatively treated with the HVS and drug therapy. Group G consisted of 20 @entity0 , conservatively treated with ultrasound and drug therapy. Group H consisted of 21 @entity0 , conservatively treated with LLLT and drug therapy. Group I consisted of 30 @entity0 , conservatively treated with compression and drug therapy. Group J consisted of 27 @entity0 only treated with drug therapy. RESULTS: Both short and long term parameters showed that compression therapy is the most efficient in @entity1 . The electrical and ultrasound methods are less effective. The laser therapy ared useless. CONCLUSION: Superficial venous surgery in addition to compression therapy is the most efficient treatment of @entity2 . The compression therapy should be continued both surgically and conservatively treated @entity0 with healed @entity1 . In special cases after superficial venous surgery (isolated superficial reflux) compression therapy could be applied only to the time of @entity1 closure without continuing it longer. HVS and ultrasound therapy are useful methods in conservative treatment of @entity2 . For surgically-treated @entity0 these physical therapies are efficient only in superficial plus deep reflux cases. HVS and ultrasound can be alternative methods, but are less effective in recurrence risk. LLLT is not an efficient physical method in treatment of @entity2 .

title: Early and long-term results of physical methods in the treatment of XXXX : randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The FDA approval of endovascular grafts for the treatment of @entity2 has been associated with a dramatic increase in the use of these devices. Major referral centers are reporting the treatment of 75% to 80% of their @entity0 with @entity2 with endovascular devices. The large quantity of endovascular devices being used has produced a growing number of management issues that are often not predictable during the preoperative assessment. These issues require complex intraoperative decision making and innovative techniques for their management as reflected by the subsequent case report. An 82-year-old @entity0 presented with a 7.8-cm @entity2 . The @entity1 extended into the common iliac arteries bilaterally. The right common iliac artery was 6.5 cm and the left common iliac artery was 2.0 cm in maximal diameter. The preoperative work-up, including a computed tomography scan and arteriogram, suggested that he would be a potential candidate for endovascular repair. The plan was to extend the graft into the right external iliac artery after embolization of the right hypogastric artery and to seal the left limb in the ectatic left common iliac artery using an aortic extender cuff. During the endovascular repair of the @entity1 using the AneuRx bifurcated graft, the main device became dislodged from its infrarenal attachment site and migrated into the large right common @entity3 with the iliac limb ending in the distal external iliac artery. A new bifurcated device was deployed from the left side to attempt an endovascular salvage of the difficult situation. The new graft was partially deployed down to the iliac limb. This allowed cannulation of the contralateral stump through the original endovascular graft that had migrated distally. The two grafts were connected with a long iliac limb. This allowed stabilization of the endovascular reconstruction by increasing its columnar strength. The deployment of the second bifurcated graft was completed and the central core with the runners removed safely without migration of the second bifurcated component. The reconstruction was completed with an aortic cuff in the left common iliac artery. The use of the aortic cuff was useful to preserve the left hypogastric artery. No intraoperative endoleak was noted. The @entity0 did well and was discharged the day following the procedure. The follow-up computed tomography scan shows the @entity2 excluded by the endovascular graft with a defunctionalized portion of one bifurcated graft within the right common @entity3 . There is no evidence of endoleak and the @entity2 had decreased in size at 6 months. This case demonstrates one of the unique management problems that may arise during endovascular graft placement. Events that initially would suggest failure of the endoluminal treatment may be corrected using advanced endovascular techniques by an experienced surgeon. However, there will be times that the prudent decision will be conversion to open repair. Only good clinical judgement and adequate training will prevent catastrophic outcomes.

title: Migration of a bifurcated endovascular graft into an XXXX : endovascular salvage and future prevention--a case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Joint arthroplasty @entity0 have a high prevalence of co-morbidities and this impacts their surgical outcomes. There are different ways to ascertain co-morbidities and appropriate measurement is necessary. The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe the prevalence of co-morbidities in a @entity4 (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) @entity0 using two diagnoses-based measures (Charlson and Elixhauser) and one prescription-based measure (RxRisk-V); (2) compare the agreement of co-morbidities amongst the measures. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of Australian veterans undergoing THAs (n   =   11,848) and TKAs (n   =   18,972) between 2001 and 2012 was conducted. Seventeen co-morbidities were identified using the Charlson, 30 using the Elixhauser, and 42 using the RxRisk-V measure. Agreement between co-morbidities was calculated using Kappa (k) statistics. RESULTS: Combining measures, 64 conditions were identified, of these 28 were only identified using the RxRisk-V, 11 using the Elixhauser, and 2 using the Charlson. The most prevalent conditions was @entity3 treated with anti-inflammatories (58.7  % THAs, 55.9  % TKAs), @entity3 treated with narcotics (55.0  % THAs, 50.9  % TKAs), @entity2 (56.0  % THAs and TKAs), and anticoagulation disorders (53.0  % THAs, 48.6  % TKAs). @entity1 was the only condition with substantial agreement (all k   >   0.6) amongst all measures. When comparing the diagnoses based algorithms, agreement was high for overlapping conditions (all k   >   0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Different measures identified different co-morbidities, provided different estimates for the same co-morbidity, and had different levels of agreement for common co-morbidities. This highlights the importance of understanding co-morbidity measures and using them appropriately in studies and case-mix adjustments analyses.

title: Comparing co-morbidities in total joint arthroplasty XXXX using the RxRisk-V, Elixhauser, and Charlson Measures: a cross-sectional evaluation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy of a non- @entity5 -containing doublet chemotherapy of @entity2 and @entity7 as induction therapy prior to surgical resection in @entity0 with stage IB-IIIA and selected stage IIIB @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The primary clinical end point was radiographic disease response rate, and the secondary end points were pathologic response rate, treatment-related @entity3 , surgical resectability and outcome, and overall and disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity0 underwent staging with CT of the chest and upper-abdomen, whole-body @entity4 positron emission tomography, bronchoscopy, and mediastinoscopy. The @entity0 had to have medically and surgically resectable disease. Chemotherapy consisted of @entity2 , 1,000 mg/m(2), and @entity7 , 25 mg/m(2), administered on days 1, 8, 22, and 29. Imaging studies were repeated between days 43 and 50. Disease response was assessed by response evaluation criteria in solid @entity1 , and @entity0 with resectable disease were offered surgery between days 50 and 70. @entity0 were followed up every 3 months for 2 years with chest CT. RESULTS: Between January 2000 and March 2004, 27 @entity0 with stage IB @entity6 , 15 @entity0 with @entity6 , and 20 @entity0 with stage III @entity6 were entered. After induction chemotherapy 34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23 to 48%) had an objective radiographic response, 2% had a complete pathologic response, 90% underwent thoracotomy, and 77% underwent a complete resection. There were four deaths in the 6-week period following surgery, and there were no deaths related to chemotherapy. There were no unexpected morbidities from surgery or chemotherapy. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 80% (95% CI, 68 to 88%) and 65% (95% CI, 50 to 76%), and the median overall survival was 38.2 months. CONCLUSIONS: Induction chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity7 results in 1-year and 2-year survival rates and a median survival time comparable to those obtained with @entity5 -containing doublets. However, it appears to be less efficacious in terms of radiographic and pathologic response rates compared with @entity5 -containing chemotherapy doublets.

title: Phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity7 in resectable XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a population of elderly @entity0 , the circumstances clinical and progressive characteristics and form of management of an acute @entity7 (ACPO). METHOD: Retrospective study of the files of 40 @entity0 aged 70 and more having presented an acute @entity7 and hospitalised in the university hospital in Dijon from January 1995 to June 2000. RESULTS: The population was composed of 24 @entity0 (60%) and 16 @entity0 (40%) with a mean age of 80.8 years. The reasons for hospitalisation were varied: only 15 @entity0 had been referred for an occlusive syndrome. 39 @entity0 presented with @entity6 , 30 suffered from @entity4 . In this population, 17 @entity0 exhibited reduced or clearly limited mobility, 20 @entity0 had altered cognitive capacity with an MMS < 20. Thirty-eight @entity0 suffered from a progressive @entity2 and 8 @entity0 presented with advanced @entity3 . The usual treatment of these @entity0 to help the intestinal transit included diuretics in 25 cases and agents slowing the transit in 19 cases. Biologically speaking, hypokalaemia was observed in 21 cases and increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in 3 cases. An image was obtained of the abdomen without preparation in all @entity0 : the mean caecum diameter was of 9.8 cm. A colon aspiration was performed in 20 @entity0 and molecules to improve peristaltism were administered in 21 cases, with @entity5 prescribed for 9 @entity0 . Surgery was required for 7 @entity0 and 3 of them subsequently died. In terms of progression, 20 @entity0 were cured after treatment, 13 relapsed and 7 @entity0 worsened. Unfortunately, 10 @entity0 died in our series. DISCUSSION: In our study, the clinical profiles of acute @entity7 were similar to those described in the literature: they occurred in varying circumstances, in medical or surgical settings ina predominantly male population of elderly, heavily dependent, @entity0 . Treatment of this affection is not clearly codified for fragile @entity0 with @entity1 and the mortality rate observed should stimulate further studies, notably on pharmacological level.

title: [ XXXX in the elderly: retrospective study of 40 cases].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity3 is often not considered, while many different pathophysiological conditions, as well as diseases, can determine or at least predispose to this syndrome. A detailed surveillance as well as an appropriate consideration of the general state of health and of the clinical history of the @entity0 are therefore mandatory. Once established the diagnosis of @entity3 , precise therapeutical directions are necessary as well as preventive strategies for evaluation of the disease and for the damages that can be derive: the @entity4 . It is a must to follow defined habits regarding life's style (i.e. appropriate diet, physical exercise, sun exposure, abstinence from drugs and excess of @entity2 ). Moreover, considering the age, the situation of the single @entity0 as well as the results of specific tests (i.e.: densitometry, X-ray, biochemical markers of bone metabolism), the first step is whether it is appropriate to start a therapy with antiresorptive drugs. It takes a long lasting therapeutical intervention, either for years or sometimes for the entire life, in order to avoid @entity4 due to @entity3 . These events are to be considered as the most dangerous consequences of @entity3 , since they can worsen life's quality and cause a great burden of personal sufferance and of economical costs for the community. During these long lasting pharmacological interventions, the @entity0 has to be checked at the appropriate time (usually every 18 months in terms of DXA), and at the most informative skeletal sites, in general the hip and the lumbar spine. @entity3 is a severe and @entity1 , and the related @entity4 impose an accurate consideration and surveillance by physicians. The @entity0 has to be motivated by clear information of the risks related to disease, in order to obtain a good compliance as regards the above mentioned therapy and life's style habits.

title: [Clinical surveillance of osteoporotic XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8015 Background: To assess quality of life (QL) in a multicentre phase III randomised trial evaluating the benefit of adding CT and/or @entity4 to adjuvant @entity5 in pre/perimenopausal @entity1 , and of adding CT to @entity5 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Key QL outcomes included systemic and menopausal symptoms, mood, sexual functioning, body image, role functioning and global QL. METHODS: @entity1 reported QL using the EORTC QLQ-C30, BR23 @entity0 module, Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale (HADS) and Menopausal Symptom Scale (MSS), before randomisation and at 3, 6, 9, 18, 30, 48 and 72 months. RESULTS: From 1997-2000, 436/3854 @entity1 in the ABC trial were recruited to the QL study (247 in +/-CT comparison, 199 in +/- @entity4 comparison), median age 49 (range 28-79). Compliance with QL forms was high; 99.8% at baseline ranging to 86.3% at 30 months. The addition of CT was associated with worse QL during the first 9 months for @entity3 (p=0.007), role function (p=0.003) and global QL (p=0.001) and a trend to worse QL for body image concerns (p=0.02), and sexual enjoyment (p=0.08). Systemic side effects (p=0.001) and menopausal problems (p=0.02) were worse over 30 months. The addition of @entity4 resulted in increased menopausal symptoms (p<0.0001), @entity3 (p=0.05) and @entity2 (p=0.04) over 30 months but no deterioration in role function, global QL, body image or sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse QL counters the potential benefits of additional CT; therefore treatment choice should consider possible health gains and QL losses. The negative QL effect of @entity4 is paralleled by a lack of clinical benefit in the ABC trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: The impact on quality of life of adding chemotherapy (CT) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to adjuvant tamoxifen ( @entity5 ): Outcomes from the UK NCRI Adjuvant XXXX (ABC) trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this prospective, randomised study was to measure and evaluate regional bone mineral changes and clinical results following the use of cemented and cementless hemiarthroplasty (HA) for treatment of @entity3 in elderly @entity0 . The study comprised 60 @entity0 , 30 with cemented HA (group A) and 30 with cementless HA (group B). All @entity0 underwent osteodensitometry of the contralateral hip, lumbar spine and bilateral distal femur. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was scheduled at 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used for functional assessment. Overall mortality rate was 20.3% within 1 year after surgery. There were no significant differences in morbidity, mortality and hospital stay between the two groups of @entity0 . The implantation of cemented prosthesis took statistically significantly longer than that of cementless prosthesis (79.03  3.59 vs 68.02  5.97min; p=0.00). Functional score in @entity0 treated with cemented HA was significantly higher compared with those with cementless HA. There was a trend of less intensive reduction of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in regions of interest of the lumbar spine and ipsilateral distal femur in @entity0 with cemented HA (group A), whereas @entity2 was less pronounced for the contralateral hip and distal femur in @entity0 treated with cementless HA (group B). Management of displaced @entity3 in elderly @entity0 with cemented and cementless HA provides a comparable outcome with regard to morbidity and mortality; however, functional outcome of @entity0 treated with cementless HA tends to be lower. There is less intensive @entity1 in lumbar spine and ipsilateral distal femur in @entity0 treated with cemented HA, whereas @entity1 in @entity0 treated with cementless HA is more likely to be less intensive in contralateral hip and distal femur.

title: Regional XXXX following @entity3 : A comparison between cemented and cementless hemiarthroplasty.

answer: @entity2


abstract: MAIN CONCLUSION: @entity5 oxidase AtrbohD an d AtrbohF negatively modulate lateral root development by changing the @entity7 activity and increasing the local generation of @entity1 in primary roots of @entity4 in an auxin-independent manner. @entity5 oxidase subunits AtrbohD and AtrbohF play pivotal roles in regulating growth, development and stress responses in @entity4 . However, whether they modulate lateral root (LR) formation has not yet been addressed, and the detailed mechanisms underlying the process remain unanswered. Here, we show that two null double mutants atrbohD1/F1 and atrbohD2/F2, in which both AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes are disrupted, had remarkably higher LR density than @entity0 ( @entity0 ), or the single mutant atrbohD1 and atrbohF1. Compared to @entity0 , the double mutants exhibited early emerged LRs and enhanced density of lateral root primordia (LRP). Unexpectedly, the production of @entity1 (O2 (-)), but not @entity2 , in the mature area of the primary root containing LRs significantly increased in the double mutants relative to that in @entity0 . Further experiments revealed that the local accumulation of O2 (-) led to the enhancement of LR density in the double mutants. Moreover, the @entity3 and AtrbohF caused a marked increase in @entity7 activity in the mature root zone, which contributed to the localized accumulation of O2 (-) and the elevated LR density in the double mutants. Furthermore, the double mutants were not sensitive to exogenous auxin naphthalene acetic acid or auxin transport inhibitor @entity6 in terms of LR formation. The auxin response of LRP in vivo in atrbohD1/F1 was also similar to that in @entity0 . Taken together, these results suggest that AtrbohD and AtrbohF negatively modulate LR development by controlling the local generation of @entity1 in an auxin-independent manner. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of @entity5 oxidase-mediated regulation of LR branching in @entity4 .

title: AtrbohD and AtrbohF negatively regulate lateral root development by changing the localized accumulation of XXXX in primary roots of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biopsy progression on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) often reflects failure of the initial biopsy to detect @entity1 present at enrollment. The risks for delayed treatment among @entity0 who progress on @entity3 are not well defined. OBJECTIVE: To report outcomes for @entity0 who underwent surgery after @entity3 compared to @entity0 who underwent immediate surgery and the influence of selection bias on this outcome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : @entity3 -eligible (ASE) @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) after a median of 20 mo of @entity3 were compared to ASE @entity0 who underwent RP within 6 mo of diagnosis. A subset of @entity0 on @entity3 who underwent RP after upgrade to Gleason 3+4 was compared to matched controls with similar pretreatment biopsy features who underwent immediate RP. OUTCOME MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Rates of adverse pathology (upstaging, positive surgical margin, or Gleason upgrading) were examined. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between treatment subgroup and adverse pathology. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 157 ASE @entity0 who underwent delayed RP after @entity3 , 54 were upgraded to Gleason 3+4 before surgery. ASE @entity0 who underwent immediate RP had lower probability of adverse pathology than ASE @entity0 who underwent delayed RP (hazard ratio [HR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21-0.55). The rate of adverse pathology did not differ between immediate and delayed RP @entity0 matched for pretreatment characteristics (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.27-2.28). The observational design of this study is its main limitation. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to @entity0 with similar pretreatment biopsy features, those who underwent delayed RP were not at higher risk of adverse pathology. @entity0 SUMMARY: The oncologic safety of delayed treatment when indicated for @entity0 enrolled in @entity3 for @entity2 is important. We found that @entity0 who underwent delayed surgery had similar outcomes to @entity0 who underwent immediate prostatectomy.

title: Immediate versus delayed radical prostatectomy: updated outcomes following @entity3 of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test whether @entity6 inhibits apoptosis during @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in the developing brain, we studied the effect of long-term @entity6 treatment on an early marker of @entity3 (loss of @entity9 ; @entity9 ) and a marker of apoptosis (activated @entity7 ) after @entity8 in newborn @entity1 . METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity1 pups (n = 107) were exposed to unilateral carotid artery ligation and 2 hours of @entity2 (8% @entity0 in 92% @entity5 ). @entity6 was administered by a micro-osmotic pump implanted in the back, at an infusion rate of 75 mg/kg per hour for 3 days. @entity3 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was evaluated by loss of @entity9 at 24 and 48 hours after @entity8 and visually ranked by a semiquantitative, three-point scale (mild, moderate, and severe). @entity7 activation was evaluated similarly in an adjacent section. Area and severity of the damaged lesion were compared between the two staining methods and between @entity6 and controls, by chi(2) test and Fisher test. RESULTS: Three-day @entity6 administration reduced loss of @entity9 (from 33 of 50 to 21 of 45, P =.06) and activation of @entity7 (from 34 of 50 to 21 of 45, P =.04) in the cerebral cortex after @entity8 . There was no significant change in these immunostainings in the hippocampal regions. In the hippocampal @entity4 , the severity ranked by activated @entity7 staining was significantly less than that of @entity9 staining. CONCLUSION: Long-term, post- @entity8 treatment with @entity6 inhibited @entity7 activation and @entity9 immunostaining, suggesting that @entity6 inhibited apoptotic neuronal death of @entity8 in 7-day-old @entity1 .

title: Effect of long-term, postasphyxial administration of magnesium sulfate on immunostaining of @entity9 and activated XXXX in 7-day-old @entity1 brain.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival from @entity3 is worse in England than in some European countries. To improve survival, strategies in England have focused on early presentation (reducing delay to improve stage at diagnosis), improving quality of care and ensuring equity throughout the @entity1 pathway. We assessed whether primary care characteristics were associated with later stage @entity3 at diagnosis (stages 3/4 versus 1/2) for female breast, lung, @entity4 . METHODS: Data obtained from the National @entity3 Registration Service, Quality Outcomes Framework, GP survey and GP workforce census, linked by practice code. Risk differences (RD) were calculated by primary care characteristics using a generalised linear model, accounting for @entity1 clustering within practices. Models were adjusted for age, sex and an area-based deprivation measure. RESULTS: For female @entity0 , being with a practice with a higher two week wait (TWW) referral rate (RD -1.8  % (95 % CI -0.5  % to -3.2  %) p   =   0.003) and a higher TWW detection rate (RD -1.7  % (95 % CI -0.3  % to -3.0  %) p   =   0.003) was associated with a lower proportion diagnosed later. Being at a practice where @entity1 thought it less easy to book at appointment was associated with a higher percentage diagnosed later (RD 1.8  % (95 % CI 0.2  % to 3.4  %) p   =   0.03). For @entity2 , being at practices with higher TWW referral rates was associated with lower proportion advanced (RD-3.6  % (95 % CI -1.8  %, -5.5  %) p   <   0.001) whereas being at practices with more @entity1 per GP was associated with higher proportion advanced (RD1.8  % (95 % CI 0.2, 3.4) p   =   0.01). A higher rate of gastrointestinal investigations was associated with a lower proportion of later stage @entity4 (RD -2.0  % (95 % CI -0.6  % to -3.6  %) p   =   0.01). No organisational characteristics were associated with @entity5 stage. CONCLUSION: Easier access to primary care, faster referral and more investigation for gastrointestinal symptoms could reduce the proportion of @entity1 diagnosed later for female breast, lung and colorectal, but not @entity5 . Differences between the four main @entity3 suggest different policies may be required for individual @entity3 to improve outcomes.

title: Primary care characteristics and stage of XXXX at diagnosis using data from the national @entity3 registration service, quality outcomes framework and general practice information.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of aortic valve area planimetry by multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in @entity1 . DESIGN: Study of the diagnostic value of aortic valve area planimetry using multiplane TOE, compared with catheterisation and the continuity equation, both being considered as criterion standards. SETTING: University hospital. @entity0 : 49 consecutive @entity0 (29 male, 20 female, aged 44 to 82 years, average 66.6 (SD 8.5)), referred for haemodynamic evaluation of an @entity1 , were enrolled in a prospective study. From this sample, 37 @entity0 were eligible for the final analysis. METHODS: Transthoracic and multiplane transoesophageal echocardiograms were performed within 24 hours before catheterisation. At transthoracic echo, aortic valve area was calculated by the continuity equation. At TOE, the image of the aortic valve opening was obtained with a 30-65 degrees rotation of the transducer. Numerical dynamic images were stored on optical discs for off-line analysis and were reviewed by two blinded observers. Catheterisation was performed in all cases and aortic valve area was calculated by the Gorlin formula. RESULTS: Feasibility of the method was 92% (48/52). The agreement between aortic valve area measured at TOE (mean 0.88 (SD 0.35) cm2) and at catheterisation (0.79 (0.24) cm2) was very poor. The same discrepancies were found between TOE and the continuity equation (0.72 (0.26) cm2). TOE planimetry overestimated aortic valve area determined by the two other methods. Predictive positive and negative values of planimetry to detect aortic valve area < 0.75 cm2 were 62% (10/16) and 43% (9/21) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Planimetry of aortic valve area by TOE is difficult and less accurate than the continuity equation for assessing the severity of @entity1 .

title: Planimetry of aortic valve area using multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography is not a reliable method for assessing severity of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two-staged resection arthroplasty with delayed reimplantation is currently the method of choice for treatment of an @entity1 . There is paucity of data regarding the risk factors for reinfection after reimplantation. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of two-stage resection arthroplasty for infected THA and to identify risk factors for reinfection. The outcome of this procedure was evaluated in 54 consecutive @entity0 at our institution from January 1999 to August 2005. The mean follow-up time for @entity0 who were successfully treated was 32 months (range: 24 to 76 months). Infection with @entity2 -resistant organisms occurred in 33 @entity0 (61%). Recurrent @entity1 was diagnosed in 14 @entity0 (26%) after the second stage reimplantation procedure at an average of 10.6 months. An elevated ASA, which is an indicator of advanced comorbid health status, and @entity1 with @entity2 -resistant organisms were risk factors for treatment failure. An additional 8% of the cohort developed early mechanical failure at a mean of 13.8 months. The increase in the number of resistant organisms and the rise in the number of @entity0 with comorbid conditions have compromised the efficacy of two-stage exchange arthroplasty. Hence novel techniques for the treatment of @entity1 are desperately needed.

title: XXXX : are current treatment strategies adequate?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Skeletal biology is a complex process involving the developmental commitment and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts which produce and mineralize cartilage and bone matrix during growth and postnatal life. Several genes are involved in controlling osteogenesis by acting on target cells in a very complex manner. Manipulation of genes in @entity1 and studies of genetic mutations affecting the skeleton in @entity0 have enabled the assessment of the role of transcription factors, bone matrix proteins and regulatory factors involved in the control of chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation, and have considerably improved our understanding of the bone formation process. Clinical studies and gene polymorphism analyses suggest that the variable expression of particular genes may be linked to clinical @entity3 . A major challenge in the future will be to develop molecularly targeted approaches to stimulating bone formation and increasing bone mass. The use of @entity1 models and transgenic animals with variable bone density may be useful to identify genetic determinants of bone mass which may serve as a basis for drug discovery and development. On the other hand, the availability of gene microarrays and other emerging genomic techniques are promising tools to identify genes that are distinctly expressed in health and disease. These technologies may also serve to test the mechanisms of action of drugs aimed at increasing bone formation. Genetic studies of the molecular signaling pathways involved in normal and pathological osteogenesis may also help to identify genes that could be targeted for therapeutic intervention. Candidate approaches include selective gene transfection in target cells and the use of drugs acting on gene promoters to selectively enhance gene expression in osteoblasts. The development of these strategies is expected not only to bring new insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern bone formation in normal and pathological situations but, in the long term, may also result in the identification of novel molecular targets for therapeutic interventions for @entity2 .

title: The molecular genetics of bone formation: implications for therapeutic interventions in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) usually involves homework, the completion of which is a known predictor of a positive outcome. The aim of the present study was to examine the session-by-session relationships between enthusiasm to complete the homework and the improvement of @entity3 in @entity2 @entity0 through the course of therapy. METHODS: Working @entity0 with @entity2 were recruited to participate in the telephone CBT (tCBT) program with demonstrated effectiveness. Their enthusiasm for homework was enhanced with motivational interviewing techniques and was measured by asking two questions: "How strongly do you feel you want to do this homework?" and "How confident do you feel you can actually accomplish this homework?" at the end of each session. The outcome was the K6 score, which was administered at the start of each session. The K6 is an index of @entity3 including @entity2 and @entity1 . We used @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to elucidate the relationships between enthusiasm and the K6 scores from session to session. RESULTS: The best fitting model suggested that, throughout the course of behavior therapy (BT), enthusiasm to complete the homework was negatively correlated with the K6 scores for the subsequent session, while the K6 score measured at the beginning of the session did not influence the enthusiasm to complete the homeworks assigned for that session. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical data now support the practitioners of BT when they try to enhance their @entity0 's enthusiasm for homework regardless of the @entity0 's distress, which then would lead to a reduction in distress in the subsequent week. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00885014 . April 20, 2009.

title: Enthusiasm for homework and improvement of XXXX in @entity2 during behavior therapy: secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3