abstract: BACKGROUND: Leukocyte activation results in a rapid increase in adhesion to the extracellular matrix due to the activation of @entity2 receptors. A role for @entity3 (PI) 3-kinase in integrin activation has been proposed, as activation of integrins by many receptors can be blocked by PI 3-kinase inhibitors. One receptor that regulates integrins is the @entity1 surface antigen; here, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for @entity1 -mediated integrin activation. RESULTS: @entity1 -mediated integrin activation was blocked by mutation of the binding site for the @entity6 catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase in the @entity1 cytoplasmic domain, and by expression of a dominant-negative form of the @entity6 subunit. Substitution of the Src homology 2 (SH2)-binding motif in the @entity1 cytoplasmic domain for the corresponding motif in the @entity1 -related @entity4 surface antigen also blocked integrin activation but did not affect the recruitment and activation of PI 3-kinase. Mutations of the @entity1 cytoplasmic domain that blocked integrin activation also impaired the @entity0 phosphorylation of the @entity5 adaptor protein and the activation of the PI 3-kinase that was associated with @entity5 . This @entity5 -associated PI 3-kinase was distinct from the PI 3-kinase that coprecipitated with the @entity1 cytoplasmic domain. @entity1 -mediated activation of @entity2 was inhibited by expression of a mutant @entity5 protein that shows reduced association with PI 3-kinase. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is required for PI-3-kinase-dependent regulation of integrin receptors by @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity1 is coupled to two distinct pools of PI 3-kinase, one directly associated with the @entity1 cytoplasmic tail and the other associated with @entity5 .

title: Regulation of XXXX -mediated cell adhesion by the @entity5 adaptor protein.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is the method of choice for partial laryngectomy in Germany. In advanced stages, chemoradiotherapy is increasingly indicated for organ preservation. OBJECTIVE: This report considers the indications for and outcomes of supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SPL), also known as crico-hyoido-(epiglotto)-pexy, as an option for surgical organ preservation in moderately advanced @entity1 ( @entity2 ), in the well-defined gap between TLM and chemoradiotherapy protocols in Germany. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of functional and oncological outcomes of all SPLs conducted between  2008 and  2014. During this period, 17  SPLs with resection of rpT2 (n  =  2), (r)pT3 (n  =  11), and (r)pT4a (n  =  4) were performed with resection of one arytenoid. Mean age was 58  years (range 47-75  years). In 5  @entity0 , SPL was for a first or second local recurrence after TLM or open partial laryngectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was received by 7  @entity0 staged pT4a or pN+. RESULTS: Salvage laryngectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy was required by 2  @entity0 . The remaining @entity0 (n  =  15) had a mean @entity1 -free follow-up of 4  years with a functional intact larynx: these @entity0 can eat and drink, have a closed tracheotomy, and a good voice. After 3  years @entity1 -free follow-up with a functional intact larynx, 2  @entity0 died due to cardiac comorbidity at the age of 76  years. DISCUSSION: SPL is a rare but valuable option for surgical larynx preservation in stage pT3-4a @entity1 .

title: [The value of supracricoid partial laryngectomy in moderately advanced XXXX ( @entity2 )].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acute @entity3 is rare in @entity1 . METHODS: We characterized the clinical features and course of such @entity4 in @entity0 seen at our institution from 1992 to 2000. RESULTS: Five @entity0 had @entity3 during @entity1 . All @entity0 had a known @entity1 , with a mean duration of the disease of 6 years. The source of @entity4 was identified in four @entity0 (80%). Endoscopy was, in all @entity0 , the first diagnostic procedure. An Hartmann total colectomy with closure of the rectal stump and ileostomy was performed in three @entity0 , while two @entity0 with ileal massive @entity4 were treated conservatively. One @entity0 had a recurrence of @entity4 from the small bowel one week later but he didn't required surgical treatment. One @entity0 with pancolic @entity1 died on 10th postoperative day because of @entity2 and septic complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is rare in @entity1 , with a predilection for site of involvement. The preoperative diagnosis of the site of @entity4 is not easy, and enteroscopy should be mandatory in such @entity0 . Surgery is required for half of cases and recurrent @entity4 should be an appropriate indication for surgery.

title: Severe XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The @entity6 / @entity7 fusion transcript, which arises from the @entity6 / @entity7 translocation, is a molecular marker unique to @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the most common @entity1 of the salivary gland. The extent to which the transcript influences disease features and @entity0 survival is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the @entity6 / @entity7 fusion transcript is associated with disease stage, @entity1 grade, or survival outcomes in @entity0 with @entity4 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A retrospective medical record review was performed at a tertiary-care academic medical institution. The review included 90 @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent treatment from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2011, and for whom archived @entity2 -fixed, @entity3 -embedded @entity1 specimens were available. Records were reviewed for clinical, demographic, and survival data. Tumor specimens underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization. Follow-up was completed on May 15, 2014, and data were analyzed from June 1 to July 1, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity6 / @entity7 fusion transcript status. Statistical analysis determined whether transcript status was associated with disease stage, @entity1 grade, and/or overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS: Among the 90 eligible @entity0 (median [range] age, 55.1 [7.8-89.2] years), 42 were female and 48 were male. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a @entity6 / @entity7 translocation in 50 @entity0 (56%). The translocations were more prevalent in intermediate-grade @entity1 (31 of 49 [63%]) than in high-grade (11 of 49 [22%]) and low-grade (7 of 49 [14%]) @entity1 ; 1 @entity1 sample had no available grading. Similar proportions of @entity0 with translocation-positive disease had T1 (13 of 49 [26%]), T2 (15 of 49 [31%]), @entity5 (14 of 49 [28%]), or T0 or Tx (8 of 49 [16%]) stages of disease. Thirty-eight of 49 @entity0 with translocation-positive @entity4 (78%) had N0 stage of disease. Rates of 5-year overall survival were similar for @entity0 with translocation-positive and translocation-negative disease (76.8% vs 75.5%, respectively; P   =   .17), as were rates of disease-free survival (65.2% vs 57.4%, respectively; P   =   .28). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Detection of the @entity6 / @entity7 fusion transcript provides useful information for @entity4 diagnosis but is not associated with differences in survival outcomes.

title: Role of XXXX / @entity7 Translocation in the Prognosis and Clinical Outcomes of @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Newborn animal and @entity0 pilot studies suggest that mild @entity7 following peripartum @entity5 -ischaemia in newborn @entity0 may reduce neurological sequelae, without adverse effects. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity7 in encephalopathic asphyxiated newborn @entity0 reduces mortality and long-term @entity4 , without clinically important side effects. SEARCH STRATEGY: The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group as outlined in the Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2003) was used. Randomised controlled trials evaluating @entity7 in term newborns with @entity5 ischaemic @entity1 were identified by searching the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library Issue Issue 2, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2003), previous reviews including cross-references, abstracts, conferences, symposia proceedings, expert informants and journal hand searching. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing the use of @entity7 with normothermia in encephalopathic newborn @entity0 with evidence of peripartum @entity6 and without recognisable major @entity2 were included. The primary outcome measure was @entity3 or long-term major @entity4 . Other outcomes included adverse effects of cooling and 'early' indicators of neurodevelopmental outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers independently selected, assessed the quality of and extracted data from the included studies. Authors were contacted for further information. Meta-analyses were performed using relative risk and risk difference for dichotomous data, and weighted mean difference for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals. MAIN RESULTS: Two randomised controlled trials were included in this review, comprising 50 term @entity0 with moderate/ severe @entity1 and evidence of intrapartum @entity6 . There was no significant effect of @entity7 on the combined outcome of @entity3 or major @entity4 in survivors followed. No adverse effects of @entity7 on short term medical outcomes or on some 'early' indicators of neurodevelopmental outcome were detected. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Although two small randomised controlled trials demonstrated neither evidence of benefit or harm, current evidence is inadequate to assess either safety or efficacy of @entity7 in newborn @entity0 with @entity5 ischaemic @entity1 . @entity7 for encephalopathic asphyxiated newborn @entity0 should be further evaluated in well designed randomised controlled trials.

title: Cooling for newborns with XXXX ischaemic @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of paratracheal air cysts (PACs) and their relationship with @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The routine thoracic computed tomography scans of 3549 @entity0 carried out between January 2014 and April 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The presence, location, structural characteristics (uniloculated or multiloculated), number of cysts, and anterior-posterior and transverse dimensions of the @entity6 and its communication with the tracheal lumen were evaluated. The presence of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity5 was also evaluated. The relationship between @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and the presence of @entity1 was evaluated in all @entity0 . An equal number of randomized @entity0 with no @entity1 were selected as a control group. RESULTS: A total of 190 @entity6 cases were diagnosed, with a prevalence rate of 5.35%: 146 (76.8%) of the cases were @entity0 , 44 (23.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 53.79 (16.64) years (range, 12-89 years). The control group included 105 @entity0 (57.4%) and 78 @entity0 (42.6%), and the mean (SD) age was 53.87 (16.65) years (range, 13-87 years). The groups were similar in terms of age (P = 0.876), whereas the proportion of @entity0 in the @entity6 group was significantly higher (P < 0.001). Most of the PACs were located on the right side (n = 188, 98.9%). The incidence of @entity2 in the paratracheal cyst group was 45.8% (n = 87) compared with 19.5% (n = 37) in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of @entity3 in the cyst group and the control group were 29.5% (n = 56) and 11.6% (n = 22), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). When the groups were compared regarding @entity5 (scar and non-scar related), the rate of @entity5 in the paratracheal cyst group was 17.9% (n = 34), compared with 3.7% (n = 7) in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Paratracheal air cysts are relatively common, but the etiology is still unclear. We detected increased rates of cyst formation that may result from the traction effect on the tracheal wall in the presence of @entity2 .

title: Is There a Relationship Between Paratracheal Air Cysts and XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is an important complication following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The clinical importance of a minimum contrast media volume ( @entity3 ) for PCI to prevent @entity2 has not been well evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of minimum @entity3 to prevent @entity2 after PCI. In this study, 2052 consecutive @entity0 who underwent elective PCI in our institute were analyzed. We divided @entity0 into two groups according to @entity3 : a minimum @entity3 PCI group [ @entity3  <=50  ml (n =   94)] and a non-minimum @entity3 PCI group [ @entity3 >50  ml (n = 1958)]. @entity2 occurred in 160 (7.8  %) @entity0 . The incidence of @entity2 was significantly lower in the minimum @entity3 PCI group than in the non-minimum @entity3 PCI group (2.1 vs. 8.1  %; P =   0.03). According to multivariate analysis, elderly @entity0 and @entity1 @entity0 were at high risk of developing @entity2 in this study population. When analyzing only high-risk @entity0 , the incidence of @entity2 was also significantly lower in the minimum @entity3 group than in the non-minimum @entity3 group (2.6 vs. 10.3  %; P  = 0.03). Minimum @entity3 PCI could reduce the incidence of @entity2 , particularly in high-risk @entity0 ; as such, defining the minimum @entity3 clinical cut-off values may be useful for the prevention of @entity2 .

title: Impact of minimum contrast media volumes during elective percutaneous coronary intervention for prevention of contrast-induced @entity2 in XXXX with stable coronary artery disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 is a rare anomaly that rarely occurs as an @entity1 . Several theories have been proposed regarding the etiopathogenesis. In this communication, we report a case of @entity5 . Our @entity0 was referred to hospital at the age of four hours. On examination, fusion of both lower limbs with hook shaped appendage, attached distally, absent genitalia and absent anal orifice was found. Spine was deficient in sacral region. Upper torso looked normal. Baby also had frothing from mouth. Abdomen was non-distended. Feeding tube no.10 was tried to pass @entity4 , which got obstructed at the level of upper esophagus that suggested @entity3 . The skeletogram revealed absence of pelvic bones, @entity6 , absent fibulae and @entity2 . The @entity0 died at the age of 12 hours.

title: XXXX (Mermaid baby).

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and optimize the parameters used in multiple-atlas-based segmentation of @entity2 in radiation therapy. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted, and the accuracy of the multiple-atlas-based segmentation was tested on 30 @entity0 . The effect of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), number of atlases used for contour averaging and the contour averaging strategy were also studied. The autogenerated contours were compared with the manually drawn contours. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance were used to evaluate the segmentation agreement. RESULTS: Mixed results were found between simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) and majority vote (MV) strategies. Multiple-atlas approaches were relatively insensitive to @entity3 . A @entity3 of ten was adequate, and further increase in the @entity3 only showed insignificant gain. @entity1 performed better than single atlas for most of the time. Using more atlases did not guarantee better performance, with five atlases performing better than ten atlases. With our recommended setting, the median DSC for the bladder, rectum, prostate, seminal vesicle and femurs was 0.90, 0.77, 0.84, 0.56 and 0.95, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that multiple-atlas-based strategies have better accuracy than single-atlas approach. STAPLE is preferred, and a @entity3 of ten is adequate for prostate cases. Using five atlases for contour averaging is recommended. The contouring accuracy of seminal vesicle still needs improvement, and manual editing is still required for the other structures. Advances in knowledge: This article provides a better understanding of the influence of the parameters used in multiple-atlas-based segmentation of @entity2 .

title: Evaluation and optimization of the parameters used in multiple-atlas-based segmentation of XXXX in radiation therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Chemotherapy-induced @entity0 is a very important dose-limiting side effect for which there is no definitive prophylaxis or treatment. This is in part due to the lack of understanding of its pathophysiology and impact on intestinal differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression of the small intestinal transcription factors @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 in an experimental model of @entity2 ( @entity3 )-induced @entity0 , and to correlate these alterations with histological damage, epithelial proliferation and differentiation. @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity6 are critical transcription factors in epithelial differentiation, and in combination they act as promoting factors of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene, an enterocyte-specific differentiation marker which is distinctly downregulated after @entity3 treatment. @entity1 received two doses of @entity3 i.v. on two consecutive days and were sacrificed 1, 3 and 7 or 9 days after final injection. Segments of the jejunum were taken for morphological, immunohistochemical and quantitative analyses. @entity0 was most severe at day 3 and was associated with decreased expression of the transcriptional factors @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity6 , which correlated well with decreased expression of @entity4 , and seemed inversely correlated with enhanced proliferation of epithelial crypt cells. During severe damage, the epithelium was preferentially concerned with proliferation rather than differentiation, most likely in order to restore the small intestinal barrier function rather than maintaining its absorptive function. Since @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity6 are critical for intestine-specific gene expression and therefore crucial in epithelial differentiation, these results may explain, at least in part, why intestinal differentiation is compromised during @entity3 treatment.

title: The effect of cytostatic drug treatment on intestine-specific transcription factors XXXX , @entity6 and @entity7 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: Generic drugs are more and more frequently used instead of originators. However, uncertainty exists with respect to therapeutic equivalence of generic product with originator one. Therefore, in this study efficacy and safety of generic @entity3 was compared to reference product. In @entity0 with increased low density lipoprotein @entity1 ( @entity4 ) levels of @entity1 and changes of total coronary risk were followed. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter parallel study was carried out in 22 centers. The study included 148 subjects with @entity4 higher than 3 mmol/L and increased coronary risk (>9.5% in 10 years calculated according to PROCAM algorithm). After a four-week placebo run-in period, @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive the generic or the reference @entity3 for 12 weeks. The initial dose of the drugs was 10 mg or 20 mg depending on the baseline @entity4 value. After six weeks the dose was increased to 20 mg or 40 mg in @entity0 who had not reached the target @entity4 value of 2.99 mmol/L. RESULTS: Altogether 117 @entity0 have been analysed in the per-protocol analysis. The GA was proven to be equally effective to the reference product as shown by the significantly equal reduction in @entity4 (GA: 37.8%, RA: 38.4%, P=NS) using the non-inferiority statistical analysis. Also other lipid parameters were significantly lowered by both drugs with the exception of HDL-C. Both drugs significantly reduced absolute coronary risk by 13% and 13.3% for the generic and the reference @entity3 , respectively. Systolic blood pressure was also significantly reduced by approximately 10 mmHg in both study groups. Both products had similar adverse events profile. No cases of therapy withdrawal due to safety were recorded. CONCLUSION: Both the generic and the reference @entity3 were equally effective in correcting the lipid profile and reducing calculated absolute coronary risk in @entity0 with @entity2 and increased coronary risk. Both treatments were equally well tolerated.

title: Therapeutic equivalence of the generic and the reference XXXX in @entity0 with increased coronary risk.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is widely used for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ); however, @entity1 cells frequently exhibit drug-resistance. Base excision repair (BER) has been identified as a possible mediator of @entity5 resistance, and an attractive approach to sensitizing cells to chemotherapy. @entity0 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an essential enzyme with a role in the BER pathway by repairing abasic sites, and it also acts as a reduction factor, maintaining transcription factors in an active reduced state. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the down-regulation of @entity6 expression by siRNA can interfere with the resistance of @entity3 to @entity5 , being evaluated by several cellular and molecular parameters. We demonstrated that @entity6 knockdown associated with @entity5 treatment efficiently reduced cell proliferation and clonogenic survival of resistant cells (T98G), which appears to be a consequence of increased DNA damage, S-phase arrest, and @entity7 phosphorylation, resulting in apoptosis induction. On the contrary, for those assays, the sensitization effects of @entity6 silencing plus @entity5 treatment did not occur in the @entity5 -sensitive cell line (U87MG). Interestingly, @entity5 -treatment and @entity6 knockdown significantly reduced cell invasion in both cell lines, but @entity5 alone did not reduce the invasion capacity of U87MG cells, as observed for T98G. We also found that @entity2 expression was down-regulated by @entity5 treatment in T98G cells, regardless of @entity6 knockdown, but U87MG showed a different response, since @entity6 silencing counteracted @entity2 induction promoted by @entity5 , suggesting that the @entity6 -redox function may play an indirect role, depending on the cell line. The present results support the contribution of BER in the @entity3 resistance to @entity5 , with a greater effect in @entity5 -resistant, compared with @entity5 -sensitive cells, emphasizing that @entity6 can be a promising target for modifying @entity5 tolerance. Furthermore, genetic characteristics of @entity1 cells should be considered as critical information to select an appropriate therapeutic strategy.

title: @entity6 / @entity6 down-regulation enhances the cytotoxic effects of @entity4 in a resistant XXXX cell line.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Various @entity2 models have been developed for @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 . Their predictive performance in new @entity0 is mostly not investigated. This study aims to quantify the predictive performance of all @entity2 models developed specifically for @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Follow-up data of 453, 1174 and 584 @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 without pre-existing @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the EPIC-NL, EPIC-Potsdam and Secondary Manifestations of @entity5 cohorts, respectively, were used to validate 10 prediction models to estimate risk of @entity2 or @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Discrimination was assessed by the c-statistic for time-to-event data. Calibration was assessed by calibration plots, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic and expected to observed ratios. RESULTS: There was a large variation in performance of @entity2 and @entity4 scores between different cohorts. Discrimination was moderate for all 10 prediction models, with c-statistics ranging from 0.54 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.63) to 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.84). Calibration of the original models was poor. After simple recalibration to the disease incidence of the target populations, predicted and observed risks were close. Expected to observed ratios of the recalibrated models ranged from 1.06 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.40) to 1.55 (95% CI 0.95 to 2.54), mainly driven by an overestimation of risk in high-risk @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: All 10 evaluated models had a comparable and moderate discriminative ability. The recalibrated, but not the original, prediction models provided accurate risk estimates. These models can assist clinicians in identifying @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 who are at low or high risk of developing @entity2 .

title: The validation of cardiovascular risk scores for XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active comparator-controlled study was conducted in 69 centers to compare @entity1 and @entity3 with placebo in Japanese and Korean @entity0 with an @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity1 had similar efficacy but was better tolerated than @entity3 in Japanese and Korean @entity0 with @entity2 . The study result was acknowledged as pivotal data in the clinical data package when NDA was filed and successfully approved both in Japan and Korea. Some differences were found in the efficacy and safety of the drug between the Japanese and Korean data, though. We therefore investigated the differences through stratified analysis; however exact causes could not be identified. This study is positioned as a first multinational clinical trial conducted in East Asia. From the aspects of utilization of interoperable data obtained from such multinational clinical trials for NDA filing and earliest possible registration of drugs in the participating countries, we believe it is important to accumulate more experiences in conducting multinational clinical trials. At this time, it is our prime task to minimize the "drug lag" in Japan; I think improving the speed of clinical trials is one of the factors to solve the issue. Global clinical trials involving Western and Asian countries make it possible to use the study data effectively and commonly in many countries. Moreover, from the viewpoint of revitalization of clinical trials, conducting global clinical trials is critically important; so we intend to continue accumulation of our experiences in global clinical trials.

title: [Multinational clinical trial in Japan and Korea on XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The association of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and @entity5 is extremely rare. This association has been described in only six cases. We present a 4-year-old male admitted with a history of @entity6 and @entity3 . Investigations revealed multiple calculi in both kidneys. A right pyelolithotomy and left nephrectomy were performed. Histological examination demonstrated @entity10 and @entity8 . At discharge serum @entity4 had dropped to 1.1 mg/dl but after being lost to follow up for 9 years, the @entity0 was readmitted because of @entity1 . Laboratory examination revealed a @entity7 and serum @entity4 of 2.3 mg/dl. Rectal biopsy showed the presence of amyloid. A treatment by @entity9 was unsuccessful. Fifteen months later, at the age of 15 years, the @entity0 developed @entity2 (serum @entity4 14 mg/dl).

title: @entity7 and XXXX by @entity8 secondary to @entity10 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cyclic @entity1 -sensitive ion channels, known as HCN and CNG channels, are activated by binding of ligands to a domain (CNBD) located on the cytoplasmic side of the channel. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To elucidate the gating mechanism, structures of both the ligand-free and -bound CNBD are required. Several crystal structures of the CNBD from HCN2 and a bacterial CNG channel (MloK1) have been solved. However, for HCN2, the @entity0 -free and -bound state did not reveal substantial structural rearrangements. For MloK1, structural information for the @entity0 -free state has only been gained from mutant CNBDs. Moreover, in the crystal, the CNBD molecules form an interface between dimers, proposed to be important for allosteric channel gating. Here, we have determined the solution structure by NMR spectroscopy of the @entity0 -free wild-type CNBD of MloK1. A comparison of the solution structure of @entity0 -free and -bound states reveals large conformational rearrangement on ligand binding. The two structures provide insights on a unique set of conformational events that accompany gating within the ligand-binding site.

title: Structural insights into conformational changes of a cyclic XXXX -binding domain in solution from Mesorhizobium loti K1 channel.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a rare but life-threatening complication of oral anticoagulants requiring early recognition. However, no consensus exists regarding the best approach to treatment. We therefore, sought to systematically review the published literature on @entity0 to elaborate its demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, complications, and outcomes. A systematic electronic search of PubMed and EMBASE for case reports, case series, and related articles of @entity0 related to @entity1 published from inception (November 1950) to March 2015 was carried out. Categorical variables were expressed as percentage and continuous variables as mean    standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. All cases were reported to have @entity0 as a complication of anticoagulation therapy with @entity1 . Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, complications and outcomes of @entity0 were studied. Thirty-eight cases of @entity0 were identified from 34 reports in the literature. No gender preponderance (male = 52.78%) was seen and the average age of presentation was 60.11    12.50 years. @entity2 , sore throat, and neck swelling were the most common symptoms and the mean international normalized ratio (INR)at presentation was 8.07    4.04. Most cases had sublingual @entity3 (66.57%) followed by @entity3 (27.03%). Of the cases, 48.65% were managed conservatively while the rest underwent either cricothyrotomy or intubation with the time to resolution being 7.69    5.44 days. @entity0 is a rare butpotentially serious complication of @entity1 therapy. It is more common in the elderly population with supratherapeutic INR; inciting events were present in many cases. Overall, it has a good prognosis with significant morbidity present only if concomitant respiratory compromise is present. Reversal of anticoagulation with low threshold for artificial airway placement in the event of airway compromise leads to a favorable outcome in most cases.

title: Upper Airway @entity3 Secondary to XXXX Therapy: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) in acute @entity3 is a valuable clinical marker, but it remains unclear if @entity5 reflects clot composition or @entity2 etiology. Therefore, variables independently associated with @entity5 were identified from a large international data set of @entity0 treated with intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: All @entity2 @entity0 undergoing intravenous thrombolysis from the Safe Implementation of Treatments in @entity2 -EAST (SITS-EAST) database between February 2003 and December 2011 were analyzed. A general estimating equation model accounting for within-center clustering was used to identify factors independently associated with @entity5 . RESULTS: Of all 8878 consecutive @entity0 , 8375 @entity0 (94%) with available information about @entity5 were included in our analysis. CT revealed @entity5 in 19% of @entity0 . Median baseline National Institutes of Health @entity2 Scale (NIHSS) score was 12, mean age was 67      12  years, and 3592 (43%) @entity0 were females. @entity5 was independently associated with baseline NIHSS (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.12), @entity4 (OR, 5.02; 95% CI, 3.31-7.63), early ischemic CT changes (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.31-2.04), year (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12), and age (10-year increments; OR, .90; 95% CI, .84-.96). @entity2 was not associated with @entity5 independently of baseline NIHSS. In different centers, @entity5 was reported in 0%-50% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates significant variation in detection of @entity5 among @entity2 centers in routine clinical practice. Accounting for within-center data clustering, @entity2 subtype was  not independently associated with @entity5 ; @entity5 was associated with the severity of @entity1 .

title: Hyperdense Cerebral Artery Computed Tomography Sign Is Associated with XXXX Severity rather than @entity2 Subtype.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidation of lipoproteins is considered to be a key contributor to atherogenesis. Antioxidants are potential antiatherogenic agents because they can inhibit lipoprotein oxidation. Radiation has been shown to increase oxidative stress leading to increased atherogenesis. This study is designed to test the potential of antioxidants to inhibit @entity2 plaque progression in balloon-denuded and -radiated @entity0 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two groups of New Zealand white @entity0 (n=36) were fed with 1% @entity1 diet (control diet) or with 1% @entity1 diet containing a mixture of various antioxidants for 1 week. Iliac arteries in all the animals were balloon denuded and continued to fed with 0.15% @entity1 diet or 0.15% @entity1 diet containing antioxidants (antioxidant diet). Four weeks after balloon denudation one iliac artery in 12 animals from each group was radiated and all the animals were continued to be fed with the same diet. Four weeks after radiation animals were sacrificed and morphometric analysis of iliac arteries (n=12) in nonradiated and radiated animals were performed. Plaque area (PA) in the @entity0 that were fed with @entity1 diet is 0.2+/-0.12 mm2, and it is increased by 2.75-fold (P<.05) in the radiated arteries of animals fed with @entity1 diet. Plaque area in the animals fed with antioxidant diet is 50% less then the one in the animals fed with @entity1 diet. Similarly, plaque area in radiated arteries of the animals fed with antioxidant diet is 50% less then the animals fed with @entity1 diet. CONCLUSION: Antioxidants significantly attenuate @entity2 plaque progression in balloon-injured and -radiated @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Antioxidants attenuate @entity2 plaque development in a balloon-denuded and -radiated XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 75-year-old @entity0 presented with a slowly growing mass at the right side of the base of the tongue for 4 months. The mass was painless initially but had become very painful during preceding 4 weeks. On examination a 3 cm diameter, oval swelling was observed at the right side of the base of the tongue. It was firm in consistency, slightly tender, non-ulcerative, and with irregular surface. A deep incisional biopsy was taken from mass under general anesthesia. Histopathology report identified the mass consistent with @entity6 . It featured typical pallisading arrangement of fascicles of spindle-shaped cells and there was no evidence of @entity1 . An absence of @entity5 and thick hyalinized vessels ruled out @entity4 . No similar lesions were found in any other part of the @entity0 's body. He exhibited no skin pigmentation, no @entity3 , and no evidence suggestive of any @entity2 that might have been attributable to the tongue base @entity6 . His family history was also negative. Thus, a diagnosis of isolated @entity7 was established. The @entity0 was advised excision of the mass but he refused and lost in follow up.

title: XXXX at the Base of the Tongue: A Rare Presentation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Broad toes are the classic clinical finding occurring in the feet in @entity6 @entity0 , but few cases undergo formal radiological assessment. However, the feet in other @entity1 resulting from mutations of the @entity5 gene have anomalies at many other sites within the feet, which raised the possibility that there may also be a wider range of anomalies other than broad big toes in the feet of those with @entity6 . The object of this study was to assess prospectively the incidence and pattern of clinical and radiographic anomalies of the feet of @entity0 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity6 . Twenty-two @entity6 @entity0 were examined both clinically and radiologically for anomalies of the feet. Clinical examination revealed broad big toes in 12 @entity0 and syndactyly in 2. Radiographs of the feet were evaluated by a radiologist with an interest in @entity2 as well as by members of the Craniofacial team. A wider range of radiological than clinical anomalies involving the phalanges, metatarsals, and tarsals was seen. The severity of the anomalies observed ranged from normal to those resembling the feet of @entity4 @entity0 . Only 4 @entity0 had radiologically normal feet. These radiographic findings suggest that there is a range of @entity3 more extensive than the broad big toes, which are classically associated with @entity6 .

title: The feet in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although primary care is associated with better outcomes, many individuals with serious @entity4 do not receive general medical services. This study examined @entity0 -level factors associated with not having outpatient general medical visits among individuals with serious @entity4 in @entity6 . METHODS: The study analyzed administrative, pharmacy, and billing data for 56,895 Medicaid-enrolled adults with serious @entity4 treated in community mental health clinics between October 1, 2010, and September 20, 2011. Poisson regression estimated independent associations between predictor variables and outpatient general medical visits. RESULTS: One-third of @entity0 (34%) had no outpatient general medical visits during the study. In multivariate analyses, younger adults (ages 18-27) were less likely than older groups to have such a visit (adjusted relative risk [ARR]=1.07 and 1.19, respectively, for ages 28-47 and 48-67). @entity0 were more likely than @entity0 to have such a visit ( @entity5 .29). Compared with whites, blacks were less likely to have an outpatient general medical visit (ARR=.93). Rural dwellers were less likely than urban dwellers to have such a visit (ARR=.64). @entity0 with drug or @entity3 use disorders were less likely than those without such disorders to have an outpatient general medical visit (ARR=.95), and those with @entity2 were less likely than those with any other @entity1 examined to have such a visit. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with serious @entity4 had low use of outpatient general medical services. Integrated care models are needed to engage these individuals and eliminate disparities in morbidity and mortality.

title: Nonpsychiatric Outpatient Care for Adults With Serious XXXX in @entity6 : Who Is Being Left Behind?

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the real effect of @entity4 , a kind of T lymphocyte activators which were derived from lymphocytes, on the acute rejection process in heart and liver transplantation in @entity0 . METHODS: Male (body weight 200 - 250 g) 1A ( @entity3 ) and LEW (RT1( @entity0 were selected as donors and recipients, respectively. Heterotopic heart transplantation (in abdomen) and orthotopic liver transplantation were performed as the acute rejection model group (experimental group); LEW (RT1(l))-->LEW (RT1(l)) as donors and recipients to establish isografts transplantation as the control group. Animals were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and graft specimens were collected. Microarray, immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting methods were used to detect the expressions of @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity1 , etc. 48 @entity0 were divided evenly into two groups and each time-point consisted of 6 @entity0 . RESULTS: Acute rejections which were clarified by pathological findings and animal manifestations were found 3 days after operation in the experimental group. The early expression of @entity4 was found on endothelial cells in allografts 1 day after operation in contrast to @entity2 , which expressed lately and only be found on inflammatory cells including lymphocytes and Kupffer cells 3 days after graft implantation. The result of INF-gamma was the same as that of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 appeared earlier in heart and liver allografts than @entity2 and @entity1 in @entity0 acute rejection model, and the expression site differed from the later two. @entity4 participated in acute rejection reaction earlier in this process and the pathway may be different from @entity2 and @entity1 . Early blocking this pathway combined with other blockade would have a promising result in control of the progression of acute rejection.

title: [The role of @entity4 in the process of acute rejection in liver and heart transplantation in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity2 was used to predict the severity and outcome of neonatal @entity5 ( @entity5 ) before the era of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). There is no report on neurodevelopment (ND) outcome of neonates with @entity5 treated with @entity4 in Taiwan. METHODS: Between April 2011 and December 2012, newborn @entity0 admitted to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH), with gestational age  >  35 weeks and birth weight  >=   1800  g, who had acute perinatal events, evidence of significant fetal compromise, and ongoing clinical @entity1 were prospectively enrolled for @entity4 . Whole body cooling method was used to maintain the affected neonate's esophageal temperature at 33.5      0.5  C for 72 hours. Demographic data were recorded and hemogram, biochemical parameters, serum @entity2 , and @entity3 kinase (CK) were measured as well. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed between 7 and 14 days of life. ND outcome of @entity0 was evaluated by Bayley Scales of @entity0 Development, third edition (BSID-III) at 24 months of corrected age. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) outcome was defined as @entity0 surviving with either disability or ND delay. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity0 were enrolled. Fifty-nine percent of babies (10/17) were born through cesarean section and 77% of babies (13/17) were transferred from outside hospitals. Six babies were moderate @entity5 and 11 babies were severe @entity5 . Among the 14 surviving @entity0 , eight @entity0 had @entity6 outcome. There was no difference in demographic data between @entity0 with and without @entity6 . Serum level of @entity2 (mg/dL) after 72 hours of @entity4 was higher (35.6 vs. 13.8, p  =  0.042) in @entity0 with @entity6 . Neonates with abnormal brain MRI findings were also associated with @entity6 (p  =  0.01). CONCLUSION: This is the first report on ND outcome of neonates with @entity5 treated with @entity4 in Taiwan. Higher serum level of @entity2 following @entity4 and abnormal results of brain MRI are associated with poor ND outcome.

title: Serum @entity2 , Brian Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Outcome of Neonatal @entity5 after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relative incidence of @entity5 is increasing and some @entity0 with @entity1 , detected at an early stage, still develop recurrent disease despite complete resection of the @entity2 . Recently, neuroendocrine differentiation in large cell @entity1 has been reported to be of prognostic significance. Therefore, we have evaluated the prognostic significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 90 resected specimens of @entity5 measuring 3 cm or less (T1 N0 M0 or T2 N0 M0) were reviewed histologically and immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the degree of neuroendocrine differentiation. RESULTS: Seven @entity3 exhibited neuroendocrine differentiation in 10% or more of @entity2 cells. The disease-free survival rate for these @entity0 was significantly lower than that of @entity0 with @entity2 exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation in less than 10% of @entity2 cells or with absent neuroendocrine differentiation (p < 0.0005). Other conventional pathologic factors such as vascular invasion (p < 0.0005), lymphatic invasion (p < 0.05), and @entity4 (p < 0.05) were also of prognostic significance. In multivariate analysis, the presence of 10% or more neuroendocrine marker-positive @entity2 cells, vascular invasion, and lymphatic invasion were found to be significantly adverse prognostic factors (p = 0.0162, p = 0.0111, and p = 0.0173, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendocrine differentiation of @entity2 cells is a prognostic factor in @entity5 . It is suggested that the identification of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as vascular invasion by @entity2 in small peripheral @entity5 may predict the prognosis of these @entity0 .

title: Prognostic significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Robotic-assisted surgery is a technological advancement that facilitates the application of minimally invasive techniques for complex operations in gynecological oncology. The objective of this article is to review the literature regarding the role of robotic-assisted surgery to treat @entity0 with @entity1 . The majority of publications on robotic surgery are still retrospective or descriptive in nature, however, the data for managing @entity0 with a robotic assisted approach shows comparable, and at times an improved outcomes compared to both laparoscopy (2D) and laparotomy approaches. Robotic-assisted surgery has been used for @entity0 with @entity4 and resulted in the increased utilization of minimally invasive surgery with improved outcomes compared to laparotomy and partially to laparoscopy. This has been demonstrated in large cohorts of @entity0 as well as in the @entity2 @entity0 , where the complication rates have significantly decreased. For early cervical @entity1 , robotic radical hysterectomy seems to be safe and feasible and to be preferable to laparotomy with seemingly comparable oncologic outcomes. Robotic-assisted surgery and conventional laparoscopy to stage @entity0 with @entity3 seem to have similar surgical and oncological outcomes, with a shorter learning curve for robotic-assisted surgery. However robotic-assisted surgery appears to be more expensive than laparotomy and traditional laparoscopy. In conclusion, robotic-assisted surgery appears to facilitate the surgical approach for complex operations to treat @entity0 with @entity1 . Although randomized controlled trials are lacking to further elucidate the equivalence of robot-assisted surgery to conventional methods in terms of oncologic outcome and @entity0 ' quality of life, the technology appears to be safe and effective, and could offer minimally invasive approach to a much larger group of @entity0 .

title: Robot-assisted surgery in Gynecologic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surfactant nebulisation is a promising alternative to surfactant instillation in newborns with the @entity2 . Although less surfactant is deposited in the lung, it improves gas exchange, probably due to a superior distribution. We hypothesize that a more uniform distribution of nebulised surfactant results in a more uniform pulmonary blood flow and consequently a more efficient gas exchange. We asked whether the pulmonary blood flow changes after surfactant replacement, and to what extent pulmonary blood flow is influenced by the amount of surfactant deposition. Furthermore, we investigated whether sufficient nebulised surfactant is deposited in the lungs to achieve a sustained improvement in lung function. INTERVENTIONS: Surfactant was nebulised or instilled, or saline was nebulised, in 18 lung-lavaged @entity1 . After 2 h the @entity1 were weaned from mechanical ventilation to continuous positive airway pressure, 40% @entity0 . We measured blood gasses, dynamic lung compliance, surfactant distribution using 99m @entity3 nanocoll label, and the pulmonary blood flow distribution, using microspheres. RESULTS: Partial pressure of @entity0 in arterial blood and lung compliance were significantly higher after surfactant nebulisation than after saline nebulisation. Surfactant instillation gave a superior effect with respect to these variables. Nebulised surfactant was distributed more uniformly over the lungs than instilled surfactant. Although pulmonary blood flow changed over time, it remained uniformly distributed following both modes of surfactant treatment. Surfactant deposition was neither strongly related to pulmonary blood flow nor strongly related to the change in blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: Although nebulised surfactant is uniformly distributed, we can provide no evidence that this results in a more uniform pulmonary blood flow distribution. Therefore, other than a superior surfactant distribution, no additional reason was found for the efficient gas exchange after nebulisation.

title: Surfactant nebulisation: lung function, surfactant distribution and pulmonary blood flow distribution in lung lavaged XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common form of violence experienced by pregnant @entity0 and is believed to have adverse mental health effects postnatally. This study investigated the association of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and suicidal ideation with emotional, physical and sexual @entity2 experienced by @entity0 during pregnancy. METHODS: Data were collected from 842 @entity0 interviewed postnatally in six postnatal clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. We used the World Health Organization versions of @entity2 and Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale measures to assess @entity2 and @entity1 respectively. We derived a violence severity variable and combined forms of @entity2 variables from @entity2 questions. Logistic regression was used to analyse data whilst controlling for past mental health and @entity2 experiences. RESULTS: One in five @entity0 [21.4% (95% CI 18.6-24.2)] met the diagnostic criteria for @entity1 symptomatology whilst 21.6% (95% CI 18.8-24.4) reported postpartum suicide thoughts and 4% (95% CI 2.7-5.4) reported suicide attempts. Two thirds (65.4%) reported any form of @entity2 . Although individual forms of severe @entity2 were associated with @entity1 , stronger associations were found between @entity1 and severe emotional @entity2 or severe combined forms of @entity2 . Suicidal ideation was associated with emotional @entity2 . Other forms of @entity2 , except when combined with emotional @entity2 , were not individually associated with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: Emotional @entity2 during pregnancy negatively affects @entity0 's mental health in the postnatal period. Clinicians and researchers should include it in their conceptualisation of violence and health. Further research must look at possible indirect relationships between sexual and physical @entity2 on mental health.

title: High-frequency intimate partner violence during pregnancy, XXXX and suicidal tendencies in Harare, Zimbabwe.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although historically restricted from combat roles, @entity0 suffer from combat-related @entity1 , especially in recent conflicts where asymmetrical warfare erases distinctions between forward and rear operating areas. U.S. servicewomen who sustained combat-related injury in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) between January 2003 and May 2014 were identified from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database. Injuries were characterized using Abbreviated Injury Scale and International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. Of the 844 combat-related @entity1 in @entity0 , 51% (n = 433) were @entity1 and 49% (n = 411) were @entity1 . Blast events were responsible for 90% of @entity1 . The average Injury Severity Score was 3, with no statistical difference in means between @entity3 and @entity3 . Of significance were @entity2 in @entity3 compared with @entity3 (80% vs. 48%; p < 0.001). Although the majority of combat-related @entity1 suffered by @entity0 were mild, some @entity0 suffered life-threatening @entity1 , and nearly 65% of the @entity1 resulted in more than one injury. More research is needed as the roles of @entity0 in the military continue to expand. Future studies will investigate quality of life outcomes and gender differences in combat-related @entity1 .

title: Characterization and Comparison of Combat-Related Injuries in @entity0 During @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate current patterns of management and outcomes of intermittent distance @entity3 [X(T)] in the UK. METHODS: This was an observational cohort study which recruited 460 @entity0 aged < 12 years with previously untreated X(T). Eligible subjects were enrolled from 26 UK hospital ophthalmology clinics between May 2005 and December 2006. Over a 2-year period of follow-up, clinical data were prospectively recorded at standard intervals from enrolment. Data collected included angle, near stereoacuity, visual acuity, control of X(T) measured with the Newcastle Control Score (NCS), and treatment. The main outcome measures were change in clinical outcomes (angle, stereoacuity, visual acuity and NCS) in treated and untreated X(T), 2 years from enrolment (or, where applicable, 6 months after surgery). Change over time was tested using the chi-square test for categorical, Wilcoxon test for non-parametric and paired-samples t-test for parametric data. RESULTS: At follow-up, data were available for 371 @entity0 (81% of the original cohort). Of these: 53% (195) had no treatment; 17% (63) had treatment for reduced visual acuity only (pure @entity1 and @entity2 ); 13% (50) had non surgical treatment for control (spectacle lenses, occlusion, prisms, exercises) and 17% (63) had surgery. Only 0.5% (2/371) @entity0 developed constant @entity3 . The surgically treated group was the only group with clinically significant improvements in angle or NCS. However, 8% (5) of those treated surgically required second procedures for overcorrection within 6 months of the initial procedure and at 6-month follow-up 21% (13) were overcorrected. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity0 in the UK with X(T) receive active monitoring only. Deterioration to constant @entity3 , with or without treatment, is rare. Surgery appears effective in improving angle of X(T) and NCS, but rates of overcorrection are high.

title: The improving outcomes in intermittent XXXX study: outcomes at 2 years after diagnosis in an observational cohort.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: PC12 cells, derived from @entity0 @entity4 , express neuronal nicotinic @entity2 receptors (nAchRs) and P2X purinergic receptors, both of which resemble the receptors in postganglionic sympathetic neurons. The former is the established and the latter is the putative receptor to mediate fast synaptic transmission. The authors investigated effects of thiopental on these two ligand-gated ion channels. METHODS: Whole cell currents were recorded in PC12 cells without treatment of nerve growth factor, using conventional whole cell patch clamp technique. @entity3 or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) 30 microM was applied for 4-5 s in the absence or presence of thiopental 3-300 microM. RESULTS: @entity3 induced the rapidly decaying inward current at -60 mV, which exhibited the characteristics of the neuronal nAchR-mediated current. Thiopental inhibited the @entity3 -induced inward current and accelerated the current decay in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in the greater effects on the steady current than the peak current. IC50s for the peak and steady current were 56.7 and 7.4 microM, when the anesthetic was coapplied with @entity3 . Thiopental's inhibition was not associated with a change in the reversal potential and was voltage-independent at membrane potential of -30 to -70 mV. Most of thiopental's effects seemed to require channel opening. In contrast to the @entity3 -induced current, thiopental had little effect on the current elicited by @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Thiopental, whose reported EC50 for general anesthesia is 25 microM, inhibited the neuronal nAchR-mediated current but not the P2X receptor-mediated response in PC12 cells at clinically relevant concentrations. Inhibition may result in suppression of synaptic transmission in sympathetic ganglia.

title: Differential effects of thiopental on neuronal nicotinic XXXX receptors and P2X purinergic receptors in PC12 cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the applicability of culture supernatant of @entity0 amniotic cells on @entity2 ( @entity2 )-induced @entity6 . METHODS: @entity0 amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal cells (AC) were obtained from @entity0 amniotic membranes by digesting with collagenase and maintained in serum-containing medium. The AC preparations predominantly contained cytokeratin-positive cells (91.2 +/- 3.1%, n = 4). The culture supernatant was prepared by cultivating AC in serum-free medium for 24 hours. Neovascularization was obtained by a micropocket assay with @entity7 pellets containing @entity2 . Migration assay was carried out by a double-chamber method using @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cell growth assay was done by @entity1 assay using HUVEC. RESULTS: @entity2 -induced @entity6 was significantly reduced by administration of AC culture supernatant. When either control or AC culture supernatant was administered three times per day for 10 days, the area with @entity3 was 13.2 +/- 3.2 mm2 and 4.0 +/- 1.4 mm2 for the control and AC culture supernatant-treated eyes, respectively (n = 7, p = 0.021). AC culture supernatant strongly inhibited @entity2 -induced @entity5 and cell growth of HUVEC. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic cell culture supernatant contains potent @entity3 . This effect is explained in part by inhibition of @entity5 and cell growth of vascular endothelial cells. AC culture supernatant may be applicable for treatment of @entity4 with @entity3 .

title: Suppression of XXXX by culture supernatant of @entity0 amniotic cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: To investigate the susceptibilities of fungal and @entity0 cells to @entity2 ( @entity7 ), @entity7 -loaded @entity6 (LPC)micelles as drug delivery vehicles were incubated at 37 degrees C with @entity3 vesicles containing different @entity4 as model systems for fungal and @entity0 cells. The binding and kinetics of @entity7 to @entity4 in the membranes were judged by UV-visible spectroscopy. In the 91% monomeric form, @entity7 interacted rapidly with @entity8 and slowly with @entity9 ( @entity9 ), while it did not interact with @entity1 . In the 50% monomeric form, @entity7 formed complexes more rapidly with @entity8 or @entity9 than in the monomeric form, whereas it did not still interact with @entity1 . The interaction was also characterized by resonance energy transfer between the fluorescent probe @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and @entity7 . In the 91% monomeric form, @entity7 caused initial fluorescence quenching in bilayer membranes containing any @entity5 as well as @entity5 -free bilayer membranes due to the release of @entity7 and its incorporation within the membranes. However, a second phase of increasing fluorescence was found in the case of @entity8 alone. On the other hand, in the 47% monomeric form, @entity7 gave a biphasic intensity profile in membranes containing any @entity5 as well as @entity5 -free membranes. However, the extent of the second phase of increasing fluorescence intensity was markedly dependent upon @entity5 composition. Studies using @entity5 -containing vesicles provide important insights into the role of the aggregation state of @entity7 in its effects on cells.

title: Susceptibilities of phospholipid vesicles containing different XXXX to @entity2 -loaded lysophosphatidylcholine micelles.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between mechanical distension of the gut and the sensory response is poorly understood. The current experimental study aimed to examine the sensory response in the @entity0 oesophagus during on-line recording of the luminal pressure, cross-sectional area (CSA) and sensory rating using different distension rates before and during relaxation of the smooth muscle. METHODS: An impedance planimetric probe for bag distension of the oesophagus was used in 13 healthy subjects aged 43 +/- 15 years. Ramp distensions were done with an electromechanical pump using infusion rates of 10, 25 and 50 ml/min, with and without relaxation of the smooth muscle with @entity3 . The sensory intensity was measured using a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS), with 5 as the @entity1 threshold. The pump was reversed at 8 on the scale, corresponding to medium @entity1 intensity, and the pressure, volume, tension and CSA were evaluated. Finally, three isovolumetric experiments where the CSA was held constant for 2 min at initial VAS ratings of 3, 5 and 7 were performed. RESULTS: A total of 104 distension profiles were investigated. The volume at maximal @entity1 intensity (VAS = 8) increased as a function of the distension rate (P < 0.001), whereas the pressure, tension and CSA were not affected. When the smooth muscle was relaxed, there was a 29% fall in pressure at maximal @entity1 intensity (P = 0.004), a 27% fall in tension (P = 0.003), whereas @entity2 did not change (P = 0.3). When the pressure was recorded as a function of the sensory intensity, there was an exponential increase after the @entity1 threshold was reached, whereas the stimulus-response functions for tension, volume and CSA were nearly linear. In the isovolumetric experiments the ratings during the three sensory intensities were the same in the individual subjects, but the between-individual @entity1 response was variable, probably reflecting individual differences in adaptation/central integration. CONCLUSIONS: The study allowed us to assess the strain-rate dependency of both perception and biomechanical properties in the oesophagus. It was demonstrated that the @entity1 response was related to the CSA (and hence strain), independently of the contractile state of the muscle and biomechanical behaviour of the tissue. The findings support the fact that the @entity1 -sensitive mechanoreceptors in the @entity0 oesophagus depend on circumferential wall stretch rather than on pressure, tension and volume. The model should be used in future studies to investigate whether changes in strain are responsible for the oesophageal sensation in health and disease.

title: Controlled mechanical distension of the XXXX oesophagus: sensory and biomechanical findings.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics of new users of @entity3 in Europe with the aim to support the evaluation of its benefit/risk as used in regular clinical practice before the implementation of labeling changes recommended by the European Medicines Agency. METHODS: New users of @entity3 were identified in populations enrolled in five European health automated databases in the UK ( @entity2 [ @entity2 ]), Spain (EpiChron cohort and Information System for the Improvement of Research in Primary Care [SIDIAP]), Sweden (National Registers), and Germany (German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database [GePaRD]) between 2002 and 2012. New users were characterized according to the prevalence of @entity1 and other comorbidities, concurrent use of interacting medications, new contraindications, duration of use, and potential off-label prescribing. RESULTS: We identified 22  593 new users of @entity3 . The median age was between 68.0 ( @entity2 ) and 73.7 (Sweden) years. More than 78% of users had concomitant @entity1 , and between 78.8% (GePaRD) and 91.6% ( @entity2 ) were treated with interacting medications. Prevalence of new cardiovascular contraindications ranged from 1.5% ( @entity2 ) to 11.6% (GePaRD), and concurrent use of two or more antiplatelet drugs ranged from 6.3% (SIDIAP) to 13.5% (EpiChron cohort). Between 39.4% (Sweden) and 52.9% ( @entity2 ) of users discontinued @entity3 in the first 3  months. Between 41.0% (SIDIAP) and 93.4% ( @entity2 ) were considered to have received @entity3 according to the European Medicines Agency labeling. CONCLUSIONS: In this collaborative European study, most @entity3 users were elderly @entity0 with a high prevalence of @entity1 and other comorbidity and concurrent use of interacting drugs, indicating that this is a vulnerable population at high risk of complications, especially cardiovascular events.    2017 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Characterization of new users of XXXX in the UK, Spain, Sweden, and Germany.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signalling modules that regulate responses to diverse extracellular stimuli, developmental cues and environmental stresses. A MAPK is phosphorylated and activated by a MAPK kinase (MAPKK), which is activated by an upstream protein kinase, such as Raf, Mos or a MAPKK kinase. @entity4 , a MAPKK in the @entity0 @entity0 , is required for two developmental pathways: mating and invasive (filamentous) growth. @entity3 and Fus3, the MAPK targets of @entity4 , are required for mating, but their role in @entity1 has been unclear. Because no other @entity0 MAPK has been shown to function in @entity1 , it was proposed that @entity4 may have non-MAPK targets. We show instead that @entity3 is the principal target of @entity4 in the invasive-growth response in both haploids and diploids. We demonstrate further that @entity3 in its inactive form is a potent negative regulator of @entity1 . @entity4 acts to relieve this negative regulation by switching @entity3 from an inhibitor to an activator. These results indicate that this MAPK has a physiologically important function in its unactivated state. Comparison of normal and MAPK-deficient cells indicates that @entity2 starvation and activated Ras stimulate filamentous growth through both MAPK-independent and MAPK-dependent means.

title: Inhibitory and activating functions for MAPK XXXX in the @entity0 filamentous-growth signalling pathway.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity3 are known to be impaired in masking tasks, but the mechanisms underlying their deficits are still elusive. Our study was intended to examine attentional effects, which have a known impact on masking in healthy volunteers but have only rarely been explored in relation to masking in @entity0 . METHODS: We compared focused versus divided attention in 18 control subjects and 18 @entity0 using forward and backward masking tasks. In the conventional masking task, subjects had to locate one target among four possible locations. Presentation of one target allows attention to be focused, in contrast with the divided attention task in which two targets were presented either in the same hemifield or different hemifields. RESULTS: Our results reproduce @entity0 ' deficits in forward and backward masking tasks but only when one target is presented. We show that control subjects benefit from focused attention, much more so than @entity0 . Furthermore, @entity0 ' performance is identical to that of control subjects in backward masking when targets are presented across hemifields. This performance equalization was checked to ensure it was not due solely to the redundancy of signals (two vs. one). We achieved this by comparing performance when two targets were presented in the same vs. across hemifields, the latter yielding a greater redundancy gain. CONCLUSIONS: From the results, it is unlikely that redundancy can account for the whole pattern of results, which suggest instead that @entity1 play a role in backward @entity2 in @entity0 .

title: Attention and masking in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The angiopoietin (Ang)/ @entity2 system is exclusively involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. @entity4 is known to inhibit @entity3 -mediated phosphorylation of @entity2 as well as cellular responses during embryonic development. Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity4 has angiogenic activities in adult tissues and cultured endothelial cells. In the present study, we examined the downstream signaling pathways involved in @entity4 -mediated cellular responses by @entity0 brain capillary cell line, IBE cells. @entity2 was @entity1 phoshorylated by @entity4 . @entity4 showed no effect on proliferation, but stimulated chemotaxis and tube-like structure formation. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) was activated by @entity4 through @entity5 and was involved in chemotaxis toward @entity4 . @entity4 also activated c-Fyn in IBE cells. Cells expressing kinase-inactive c-Fyn attenuated @entity4 -induced tube formation, suggesting that c-Fyn was responsible for @entity4 -mediated tube formation. Collecting these data, @entity4 activates @entity5 and c-Fyn, leading to migration and tube formation by @entity0 capillary endothelial cells.

title: Angiopoietin 2 stimulates migration and tube-like structure formation of @entity0 brain capillary endothelial cells through XXXX and c-Fyn.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the procedural feasibility and short-term durability of the transcatheter tricuspid valve edge-to-edge repair technique in highly symptomatic @entity0 with severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighteen consecutive @entity0 suffering from severe @entity2 (NYHA Class III-IV), primarily due to moderate to severe @entity3 , were included in the study. Applying a modified steering technique for the clip delivery system, six @entity0 were treated for isolated severe @entity3 , while 12 @entity0 were treated for moderate to severe @entity3 and concomitant severe @entity1 . The primary objectives were procedural success, defined as reduction of at least one @entity3 grade, and 30-day echocardiographic and clinical outcomes. A total of 41 clips (2.3  0.7 per @entity0 ) were placed into the tricuspid valve of high surgical risk @entity0 (EuroSCORE II: 10  8%). Procedural success was achieved in all @entity0 ; no MACCE occurred in hospital. The presence of a @entity3 grade >= 3 was reduced from 94% (17 @entity0 ) before the procedure to 33% (six @entity0 ) at 30-day follow-up (p<0.001). Sixteen @entity0 (89%) reported an improvement in NYHA functional class at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Applying a modified steering technique, the edge-to-edge repair technique can be successfully used for the treatment of @entity3 . At 30-day follow-up, the short-term durability of @entity3 reduction appeared promising and the majority of @entity0 improved clinically. Further studies with larger @entity0 populations and longer follow-up have to define the role of this novel treatment option for @entity0 with @entity2 and severe @entity3 .

title: Transcatheter treatment of severe XXXX using the edge-to-edge repair technique.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rates of overweight and @entity1 are on the rise globally, and excess adipose tissue may contribute to elevations in @entity2 during pregnancy, leading to pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity3 and @entity2 in young @entity0 as predictors of @entity2 in the third trimester of pregnancy in a community-based sample of healthy @entity0 . METHODS: Female @entity0 (24-30 y) in a prospective observational cohort study (Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey) were contacted between 2009 and 2014 to identify new pregnancies. A total of 309 @entity0 provided data from 409 pregnancies. An in-home interview was scheduled for the third trimester to collect pregnancy information, anthropometric measurements, and a blood sample. Circulating @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was measured with a high-sensitivity immunoassay. Data collected from assessments in 2005 and 2009 were used to assess body mass index (BMI) and @entity4 in young adulthood, before pregnancy. Robust regression models were implemented to evaluate BMI and @entity4 in young adulthood as predictors of pregnancy @entity4 . RESULTS: Pre-pregnancy BMI was a stronger predictor of third-trimester circulating @entity4 than BMI in the third trimester. No association was found between pregnancy weight gain and @entity4 . Pre-pregnancy @entity4 was a significant predictor of @entity4 in pregnancy, independent of BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of overweight/ @entity1 and @entity2 in young adulthood, before pregnancy, are important predictors of @entity2 in the third trimester of pregnancy. These results may have implications for addressing the growing concern about the contribution of @entity1 to adverse birth outcomes, and they suggest that factors that influence the regulation of @entity2 , before pregnancy and independent of @entity3 , may be important in shaping the inflammatory response to pregnancy.

title: @entity3 and XXXX in Young @entity0 Predict Inflammation during Normal Pregnancy in the Philippines.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 and @entity3 (cHCC-CC) is rare. This study investigated the clinicopathological features of cHCC-CC and compared the postresection survival outcomes of cHCC-CC, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Between January 2000 and September 2012, 53 @entity0 with cHCC-CC underwent @entity1 resection, accounting for 1.1  % of surgeries for primary @entity4 . Control groups included @entity0 with @entity2 (n   =   1452) and @entity5 (n   =   149) who underwent R0 resection of stage I/II @entity1  <=5  cm. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 diameter of cHCC-CC group was 5.5        2.9  cm, and single @entity1 was identified in 50. Pathological classification included combined (n   =   41), mixed (n   =   11), and double (n   =   1) @entity1 . The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year @entity1 recurrence rates were 60.8, 71.8, 80.7, and 80.7  %, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates were 73.3, 35.6, 30.5, and 11.1  %, respectively. @entity1 recurrence and @entity0 survival did not differ significantly according to AJCC @entity1 staging and histological type (all p   >=    0.2). @entity1 recurrence rates did not differ significantly between the cHCC-CC, @entity2 , and @entity5 groups (p   =   0.43), whereas differences in survival rates were significant (p   =   0.000), with a median survival after @entity1 recurrence of 8, 51, and 6  months, respectively (p   =   0.000). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with cHCC-CC showed similar recurrence rates to those of control @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity5 , whereas their survival outcomes were worse than those of control @entity2 @entity0 because of poor responses to recurrence treatment. Further evaluation of differences in @entity1 characteristics and @entity1 biology is necessary to accurately predict the prognosis of @entity0 with cHCC-CC.

title: Postresection Outcomes of Combined XXXX , @entity2 and @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report the case of a  82-year-old @entity0 who was admitted to our institution with acute @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity5 . Because of @entity10 with intermittent @entity11 , a  single-chamber pacemaker was implanted 4  years ago. The initial 12-lead ECG showed @entity10 with a  heart rate of 70   bpm, narrow QRS, and T  -wave inversions in the inferolateral leads. @entity6 was excluded by immediate cardiac catheterization. A  subsequent ECG three hours later showed a  ventricular paced rhythm. During the subsequent clinical course, @entity3 markers remained normal. However, serum amylase and lipase levels were 5  times above the normal range. According to these clinical findings, acute @entity9 was the most likely diagnosis. Abdominal ultrasound excluded pancreatic @entity1 and @entity12 . Initial treatment consists of fasting, @entity2 control, and intravenous fluids with resolution of symptoms after a  few days. The @entity0 could be discharged 7  days later. In conclusion, the observed ECG findings in combination with @entity7 are suggestive for @entity8 mandating immediate cardiac catheterization. However, acute @entity9 might present with the aforementioned ECG changes and symptoms. The case was further complicated by a  distinct electrocardiographic memory effect due to intermittent ventricular pacing.

title: [Acute @entity7 and new ECG changes in pacemaker XXXX : A  clinical challenge].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To make an open assessment of the efficacy and tolerance of @entity4 in a population of @entity0 with drug resistant partial @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We did an open multicentric study, in Spain, in which @entity0 with @entity2 treated with one or more drugs were also given @entity4 . The main objective of the study was to determine the initial dose and titration of the drug and secondly to evaluate its efficacy and safety. We recorded data on the etiology of the @entity3 , their frequency and type and the occurrence of adverse effects. The study took place over a period of one year during which there were five appointments for consultation (after six weeks, three months, six months, nine months and one year). RESULTS: We initially included 1,010 @entity0 of which 941 fulfilled the selection criteria. The average age was 32.2 years. The aetiology was symptomatic in 45%. 61.7% of the @entity0 had had previous treatment with three or more anti @entity2 drugs. The doses were changed at a rate of 5mg/day per week. The average dose of @entity4 reached during the maintenance phase was 34mg/day. 9.9% of the @entity0 who were followed up for one year (426) had no @entity3 after the second consultation (when the maintenance dose of @entity4 was reached). 35% of those who came to their final consultation appointment had had no @entity3 in the previous three months. 81.7% of the @entity0 followed up for a year had an overall reduction in the number of @entity3 of over 50% between the first and last consultations. An over 50% reduction in @entity3 was seen in both those of 12 25 years and the 26 65 years old (75% and 73.1% respectively) whilst 86.7% of the @entity0 aged over 65 years also had this degree of improvement. 48.5% of the @entity0 had some type of adverse effect during the study. Somnolence was the commonest side effect (28.2% of the @entity0 ), followed by dizziness (21.5%). In most cases the adverse effects were transient or mild (tolerable). During the study 104 @entity0 had their treatment with @entity4 stopped (11.1%) for intolerance and 113 @entity0 (12%) because it was ineffective. No @entity0 had non @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 is an effective, well tolerated drug when used as additional treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: [An open study of @entity4 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Exercise is considered a protective factor in the prevention of type 2 @entity1 , although its role as a sole treatment for @entity1 remains unknown. The present meta-analysis compared the effect of exercise-only with exercise-diet interventions on plasma @entity3 levels among a pre- @entity1 population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the quality of each trial. Two reviewers independently performed quality assessment of all included articles. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect. RESULTS: A total of 4021 @entity0 from 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis, 2045 of them were in the intervention group and 1976 were in the control group. Compared with the exercise-only interventions, the exercise-diet interventions showed a significant effect on decreasing fasting plasma @entity3 (FPG) levels, with a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) =-0.22 mmol/l, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.25, -0.18 (Z=12.06, P<0.05). The subgroup effect of exercise-only interventions did not produce a statistically significant result ( @entity2 =-0.09 mmol/l, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.00, Z=1.91, P>0.05). According to the intervention periods, the pooled effect in the    2-year group was the highest, and its @entity2 (95% CI) was -0.24   mmol/l (-0.43,-0.05). The pooled effects were statistically significant among the elderly and those of American and European descent, with @entity2 (95% CI) being -0.19   mmol/l (95% CI: -0.22, -0.15), -0.17   mmol/l (-0.21,-0.12) and -0.22   mmol/l (-0.27, -0.17), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from published trials indicates that exercise-diet interventions showed a significant effect on decreasing FPG levels.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 2 September 2015; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.128.

title: Comparison of control fasting plasma @entity3 of exercise-only versus exercise-diet among a pre- XXXX population: a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bevacizumab ( @entity4 ) is commonly used for treating recurrent @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and wound healing is a well-established adverse event. Retrospective analysis of @entity2 @entity0 with and without wound healing complications while on @entity4 treatment is reported. 287 @entity0 identified, majority were males (60  %) with median age of 52.5  years. 14 cases identified with wound healing problems, related to either craniotomy (n  =  8) or other soft tissue wounds (n  =  6). Median duration of @entity4 treatment to complication was 62  days (range 6-559). Majority received 10  mg/kg (n  =  11) and nine (64.3  %) were on corticosteroids, with median daily dose of 6  mg (range 1-16  mg) for median of 473  days before starting @entity4 . For dehisced craniotomy wounds, median time for starting @entity4 from last surgery was 29  days (range 27-345). Median time from starting @entity4 to developing wound complication was 47  days (range 16-173). Seven (87.5  %) had infected wounds requiring antibiotics, hospitalization. Four (50  %) required plastic surgery. @entity4 stopped and safely resumed in 6 (75  %) @entity0 ; median delay was 70  days (range 34-346). Soft tissue wounds included @entity5 , dehisced striae, herpes simplex, @entity1 to hand and back, and abscess. Median time from starting @entity4 to wound issues was 72  days (range 6-559). Five (83.3  %) were infected, requiring antibiotics. While three (50  %) required hospitalization, none required plastic surgery. Treatment stopped in five (83.3  %) and restarted in two (median delay 48  days, range 26-69). @entity3 are uncommon but associated with significant morbidity. Identifying those at risk and contributing factors warrants further investigation.

title: @entity3 in brain tumor XXXX on Bevacizumab.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have designed this method for the comprehensive and adequate analysis of neurotransmitters and metabolites including @entity0 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 in specific brain nuclei. In physiological and pharmacological studies, the role of specific neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) has often been studied by microinjection of their agonist and antagonist into the target regions, with the action and role of the transmitter in question being deduced in a relatively straightforward manner from the results. However, none of these studies have investigated fluctuation in neurotransmitter and metabolite contents in response to a variety of stimuli in vivo. No comprehensive analysis of neurotransmitters in small specific area in the CNS has been undertaken due to the difficulties of proper analysis of @entity4 and @entity5 . Different types of neuronal systems in the CNS affect each other. Thus, it is not necessarily clear that different types of neurons do in fact respond to an administered agonist and antagonist. For example, dopaminergic neuron mediated control of cholinergic interneuron in the striatum and dopaminergic regulation of cortical @entity4 release have been documented. Similarly, the cholinergic system affects dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. Intraventricular administration of an @entity4 esterase inhibitor, @entity3 , increases @entity1 and @entity2 release in the hypothalamus. So, an adequate comprehensive analysis of the transmitters and the metabolites in the same tissue sample provides valuable aid to clarify what types of neurons truly respond to the administered drugs and the excitation of physiological events. For an appropriate analysis we employed a microwave device, which made the estimation of @entity4 and @entity5 possible. In addition to this, we employed a punch technique for the microdissection of the specific nuclei and area from the brain slice.

title: Comprehensive analysis of neurotransmitters and their metabolites including @entity0 and XXXX in rat brain nuclei.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 undergoes malignant transformation in 0.5-1% of @entity0 per year following the sequence of low-grade @entity4 , high-grade @entity4 and @entity3 . The aim of the present study was to present our experience in the surgical treatment of @entity2 with high-grade @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHOD: Of a group of 128 @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity2 , 8 (6.2%) developed high-grade @entity4 during a median follow-up of 7 years (2-25). A further 5 @entity0 with high-grade dysplaing out side the study were referred for evaluation and surgical treatment. Eight @entity0 were under medical treatment with @entity5 (40 mg daily) while the remaining 5 @entity0 had undergone open Nissen fundoplication, with a diagnosis of high-grade @entity4 at a median of 5 years (1-16) after treatment initiation. After confirmation of the diagnosis by a second pathologist and tumoral staging, transthoracic esophagectomy with @entity1 at the apex of the thorax was performed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: Postoperative mortality was nil. Morbidity was 36% (5 @entity0 ). Definitive histological analysis of the surgical specimen revealed high-grade @entity4 in 7 @entity0 (54%) and @entity3 in 6 (46%). All @entity0 remain alive after a median follow-up of 4.7 years (1-14). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 with high-grade @entity4 , the best therapeutic option is surgical resection, which can be performed with nil mortality in experienced centers. In almost half of surgical @entity0 , the surgical specimen shows @entity3 . Five-year survival is higher than 90%.

title: [Surgical treatment of high-grade @entity4 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the uterus of the newborn @entity0 , only the luminal epithelium is differentiated. Differentiation of musculature and glandular epithelium occurs postnatally, the latter originating as invaginations of the luminal epithelium into the stroma. Using unambiguous criteria for quantification of uterine glands, we find that uterine glands first appear on postnatal day 9 after which the increase in the number of glands is rapid and synchronous, with approximately 4.4 glands per uterine section reached by day 15. Between days 15 and 35, the number of glands per uterine section varied in a cyclic manner with an amplitude of approximately one gland per uterine section and a period of 6-7 days. Although exogenous @entity1 (E2) administered on postnatal days 1-5 induced slight premature gland genesis, the number of glands per uterine section was approximately 30% lower between days 15-26 compared to untreated animals. Administration of E2 during the period of normal gland genesis (days 10-14) induced a dose-related delay in the onset of appearance of glands. After this, gland genesis proceeded at a normal rate; however, the maximum levels reached were again generally below those observed in untreated controls. E2 administered after uterine glands were established (days 20-24) induced a small increase in gland number compared to controls. E2 also induced temporary @entity3 , @entity4 , and cellular degeneration in the luminal epithelium during each of the dosing periods without corresponding changes in the stroma or myometrium. These data demonstrate that uterine gland genesis occurs between postnatal days 9-15 and that exogenous @entity2 can alter, in an age-specific manner, both uterine gland genesis and the number of glands per uterine section.

title: The postnatal ontogeny of @entity0 uterine glands and age-related effects of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over one-third of @entity0 survivors experience @entity3 . Black @entity1 present with factors associated with greater @entity3 , including: increased body mass index (BMI), more @entity4 stage at diagnosis, and varying treatment type compared with Whites. No prior research has evaluated the relationship between race and @entity3 using validated tools and controlling for these factors. Data were drawn from a survey study among 610 @entity1 with stage I-III hormone receptor positive @entity0 . The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH) is an 11-item self-administered questionnaire that has been validated for @entity0 survivors to assess global @entity5 function over the past 7  days. Linear regression and mediation analysis estimated the relationships between race, BMI and QuickDASH score, adjusting for demographics and treatment types. Black @entity1 (n  =  98) had 7.3 points higher average QuickDASH scores than White (n  =  512) @entity1 (p  <  0.001). After adjusting for BMI, age, education, @entity2 treatment, months since diagnosis, and aromatase inhibitor status, Black @entity1 had an average 4-point (95  % confidence interval 0.18-8.01) higher QuickDASH score (p  =  0.04) than White @entity1 . Mediation analysis suggested that BMI attenuated the association between race and disability by 40  %. Even several years post-treatment, Black @entity0 survivors had greater @entity3 , which was partially mediated by higher BMIs. Close monitoring of high BMI Black @entity1 may be an important step in reducing disparities in @entity2 survivorship. More research is needed on the relationship between race, BMI, and @entity3 .

title: Black XXXX survivors experience greater @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In addition to staging, the identification of prognostic factors is important for predicting survival in @entity0 with @entity4 after esophagectomy. The present study was performed to document the prognostic role of total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in postoperative @entity0 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 50 @entity0 with @entity6 who underwent surgical resection and complete lymph node dissection after positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). A volume of interest was drawn on the @entity3 and suspected metastatic lymph nodes, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic @entity1 volume (MTV), TLG of the @entity3 (TLGp), and whole-body TLG (TLGwb) were measured using an SUV cutoff of 2.5. RESULTS: The study population included 50 @entity0 with a mean age of 63.14    8.18 years: 12 (24%) were reported as stage I, 13 (26%) as stage II, and 25 (50%) as stage III. The median follow-up period was 20.46 months, and recurrences occurred in 17 @entity0 . The mean SUVmax, MTV, TLGp, and TLGwb were 11.11    6.40, 20.47    22.88, 122.54    180.98, and 129.37    193.66, respectively. On the multivariate analysis, TLGp was a risk factor for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.002, p = 0.026], and TLGwb was a risk factor for @entity2 (HR = 1.002, p = 0.021) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (HR = 1.002, p = 0.044). The 3-year @entity5 rates were 66.1% in @entity0 with low TLGwb (<=  41.45) and 33.3% in those with high TLGwb (>41.45; p = 0.004). The concordance index of the TLGwb was 0.752 (95% CI 0.659-0.845). CONCLUSION: TLGwb is a significant prognostic factor for @entity5 and @entity2 in @entity0 with surgically treated @entity6 .

title: The prognostic value of total lesion glycolysis via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT in surgically treated XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We report two cases with complete form of @entity2 (CAVCD) accompanied by @entity3 whose pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp) were more than 10 Wood unit.m2 at the age of less than 6 months. One @entity0 was 3-month-old @entity0 whose Rp was 12 Wood unit.m2. The open lung biopsy at 3 months old showed histopathological change of Heath-Edwards grade I. He underwent intracardiac repair at the age of 4 months. He is doing well at 30 months of postoperative period. Another @entity0 was 5-month-old @entity0 whose Rp was 15.5 Wood unit.m2. Histopathological change of lung at 5 months old demonstrated Heath-Edwards grade III. She underwent intracardiac repair at the age of 7 months, 2 months after lung biopsy. However, she died of @entity1 7 days after surgery. The postmortem examination revealed that @entity4 progressed during 2 months interval between the lung biopsy and the operation. In conclusion, cardiac catheterization with estimation of Rp should be performed in the cases of CAVCD, especially in those with @entity3 , in early infancy. If Rp is more than 10 Wood unit.m2 and lung biopsy indicates the surgical indication, surgical intervention should be done as soon as possible since the @entity4 may progress in a short period.

title: [Two cases of complete XXXX whose pulmonary vascular resistance were over 10 wood unit.m2 before 6 months of age].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild-moderate @entity1 during pregnancy is common. Antihypertensive drugs are often used in the belief that lowering blood pressure will prevent progression to more severe disease, and thereby improve outcome. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antihypertensive drug treatments for @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity1 during pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY: Relevant trials were identified in the register of trials maintained by the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. In addition, the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched. Date of last search: October 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials evaluating any antihypertensive drug treatment for mild to moderate @entity1 during pregnancy, defined whenever possible as systolic blood pressure 140-169 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 90-109 mmHg. Comparisons were of one or more antihypertensive drug(s) with placebo, with no antihypertensive drug, or with another antihypertensive drug, and where treatment was planned to continue for at least seven days. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. MAIN RESULTS: Overall, this review includes 40 studies (3797 @entity0 ), 24 of which compared an antihypertensive drug with placebo/no antihypertensive drug (2815 @entity0 ). There is a halving in the risk of developing severe @entity1 associated with the use of antihypertensive drug(s) [17 trials, 2155 @entity0 ; relative risk (RR) 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41 to 0.64); risk difference (RD) -0.09 (-0.12 to -0.06); number needed to treat (NNT) 12 (9 to 17)] but little evidence of a difference in the risk of @entity3 [19 trials, 2402 @entity0 ; RR 0.99 (0.84 to 1.18)]. Similarly, there is no clear effect on the risk of the baby dying [23 trials, 2727 @entity0 ; RR 0.71(0.46 to 1.09)], preterm birth [12 trials, 1738 @entity0 ; RR 0.98 (0.85 to 1.13)], or small for gestational age babies [17 trials, 2159 @entity0 ; RR 1.13 (0.91 to 1.42)]. There were no clear differences in any other outcomes. Seventeen trials (1182 @entity0 ) compared one antihypertensive drug with another. There is no clear difference between any of these drugs in the risk of developing severe @entity1 , and @entity2 / @entity3 . Other antihypertensive agents seem better than methyldopa for reducing the risk of the baby dying [14 trials, 1010 subjects, RR 0.49 (0.24 to 0.99); RD -0.02 (-0.04 to 0.00); NNT 45 (22 to 1341)]. Other outcomes were only reported by a small proportion of studies, and there were no clear differences. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: It remains unclear whether antihypertensive drug therapy for mild-moderate @entity1 during pregnancy is worthwhile.

title: Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate XXXX during pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in @entity0 with solid @entity1 is slowly evolving. MIS appears to be an ideal way to obtain diagnostic information (i.e., tissue biopsy) in @entity0 with solid @entity1 , but its role as an ablative/curative technique is controversial. We examined the safety, reliability, and outcome of decisions made on the basis of MIS performed in @entity0 with solid @entity1 . A total of 28 @entity0 (19 @entity0 and nine @entity0 ; age range, 14 months to 17 years) with solid @entity1 underwent 29 MIS procedures between July 1, 2000 and June 30, 2002. Complications, biopsy results, and outcomes were reviewed. Successful ablation via MIS was defined as clear microscopic margins on permanent pathology and no evidence of remnant disease on follow-up diagnostic radiological examination. There were 20 thoracoscopic and nine laparoscopic procedures. Laparoscopy included purely diagnostic without tissue biopsy or simply determination of resectability (two), incisional biopsy (two), and excisional biopsy (five; two adrenalectomy and three oophorectomy). Thoracoscopy included 15 lung biopsies and five biopsies of mediastinal masses. Diagnostic accuracy was 100 per cent in all cases. MIS as an ablative technique was successful in 10 of 10 cases. No @entity0 were found retrospectively to have been inadequately treated via MIS. We conclude that MIS can be used safely and successfully to diagnose @entity0 with suspicious solid @entity1 . Furthermore MIS may have a role as an ablative/curative technique in carefully selected circumstances.

title: Minimally invasive surgery for pediatric solid XXXX .

answer: @entity1