abstract: The multiple indicator dilution (MID) technique is often used for investigation of the kinetic behavior of substrates and metabolites in eliminating organs. The present study was a systematic comparison of the utility of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (a structural model) and the mixed-boundary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (a stochastic model) in the interpretation of influx, efflux, and removal (sequestration) coefficients, with data generated from @entity0 liver-perfusion/MID studies. Although the @entity5 and the @entity2 are equivalent in their descriptions of membrane transport, they differ in their classifications of the dispersion of blood-borne elements. For the @entity2 , the dispersion is an inverse Gaussian distribution of vascular transit times; for the @entity5 , it is accounted for by the dispersion observed among noneliminated reference indicators (e.g. labeled red blood cells, albumin, @entity1 , and @entity4 ) or the derived reference. In this study, previously published @entity0 liver-perfusion/MID data obtained for the @entity3 conjugate of @entity6 and @entity7 , compounds that exhibit saturable carrier-mediated transport, with the @entity5 were reanalyzed with the two-compartment @entity2 . When the fitted values for volume and transfer coefficients were compared, good correlation was found between the fitted vascular volume for the @entity2 and the vascular volume for the reference indicator for the @entity5 . The influx coefficients were generally similar between the models, but improved correspondence was observed when the @entity2 was modified to include the large-vessel transit time. In contrast, the efflux and sequestration coefficients obtained for the @entity2 did not correspond well to those from the @entity5 . The disagreement was due, in part, to differences in the interpretation of the late-in-time component of the reference transit time distribution curve, which was not described well by the @entity2 . Consequently, the residence time distribution and the relative dispersion were underestimated by the @entity2 .

title: Hepatic clearance models: comparison of the dispersion and Goresky models in outflow profiles from multiple indicator dilution XXXX liver studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a new double fixation technique for displaced @entity2 using bioabsorbable cannulated lag screws and braided polyester suture tension bands. METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 (mean age of 46.2 years) with displaced transverse or comminuted @entity2 were enrolled in this prospective study. All of the @entity0 were treated via the open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) procedure using bioabsorbable cannulated lag screws and braided @entity5 suture tension bands. The @entity0 were followed post-surgery to evaluate (1) the time required for radiographic bone union, (2) the knee joint range of motion at the time of radiographic bone union, (3) the degree of @entity1 assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), (4) the function of the knee using the Lysholm score and (5) the presence of any additional complications from the surgery. RESULTS: All of the @entity0 were followed post-treatment for more than 1 year (range, 12-19 months; mean post-treatment follow up time, 14 months). The bone union of the @entity2 as seen radiographically occurred approximately 3 months from surgery in all cases without implant failure or redisplacement of the fractured site. The mean knee joint range of motion was from 0 to 134.6  , and the mean VAS score was 0.7 at the time of bone union. The mean Lysholm scores at the time of bone union and 12 months post-surgery were 86.7 and 95.7, respectively. No @entity3 , such as @entity4 , dislocation or breakage of the implants, were observed. Moreover, all of the @entity0 returned to their previous activity level. CONCLUSION: This new double fixation technique using bioabsorbable cannulated lag screws and braided polyester suture tension bands resulted in satisfactory outcomes for @entity2 without any obvious complications.

title: Double fixation of displaced XXXX using bioabsorbable cannulated lag screws and braided polyester suture tension bands.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Guidelines generally recommend oral anticoagulation to be considered the first 3   months after mitral valve repair based on small studies and consensus. However, in several studies no benefit of anticoagulation has been found. METHODS: From the national registries we identified all Danish @entity0 who underwent mitral valve repair during the period between 1997 and 2012. Medication, hospitalisation and mortality data were studied. The association of use of @entity5 antagonists (VKAs) at discharge and risk of @entity1 / @entity2 was evaluated by means of @entity4 regression, landmark analyses and propensity matched models. RESULTS: 2188 @entity0 without prior VKA use, @entity1 or @entity2 day 7 after discharge were included and median follow-up was 4.9   years (0-13.7). 859 (39%) were discharged on VKAs and 523 (24%) experienced @entity2 or @entity1 , 60 of these occurred within the first 3   months and 24 between 3 and 6   months. Compared with @entity0 without post-discharge VKA, @entity0 on VKA had a lower risk of @entity2 / @entity1 at 3   months (HR=0.28, CI (0.13 to 0.62), p=0.002) and in the time period from 3 to 6   months (HR=0.85, CI (0.35 to 2.07), p=0.72). Risk of significant @entity3 complications within 3   months were comparable in the two groups with 23 (2%) among @entity0 without VKA and 6 (1%) among VKA-treated. CONCLUSION: VKA treatment after mitral valve repair is associated with a markedly lower risk of adverse events as @entity1 or @entity2 without excess major @entity3 risk during the first 3   months following surgery.

title: Risk of XXXX and @entity1 associated with anticoagulation therapy after mitral valve repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vertebral artery compression by cervical osteophyte is a rare cause of vertebrobasilar @entity2 . This mechanism of @entity1 has been reported as the Bow @entity5 defined by @entity6 because of mechanical stenosis of the vertebral artery at the cervical level triggered by head movement. The most common treatment is surgical decompression. However, in most cases, a dominant vertebral artery is involved, and its dynamic extrinsic compression is demonstrated on angiography. CASE REPORT: We report a @entity0 with recurrent posterior circulation @entity4 because of the compression of a nondominant vertebral artery by a cervical osteophyte. The dynamic angiography did not show any worsening of the @entity6 by head movements but an irregularity of the vertebral artery with regard to the osteophyte compression, suggesting a direct artery wall injury. We concluded to an embolic mechanism through @entity3 formation from the artery wall injury at the stenosed site. Because neither surgical decompression nor stenting was deemed to be a relevant treatment option, endovascular coil embolization of the compressed vertebral artery was performed after a clamping test to check the efficiency of the collateral circulation. The procedure was a success. During the 12-month follow-up, the @entity0 did not have any recurrent @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In case of recurrent symptomatic extrinsic compression of a nondominant vertebral artery, endovascular embolization after a clamping test may be considered.

title: Endovascular Embolization of a Nondominant Vertebral Artery Compressed by an Osteophyte to Prevent Recurrence of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 remains the most common transfusion-transmitted @entity1 . We explored the current status of pre-transfusion screening and post-transfusion follow-up testing for @entity2 virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies (anti-HBs) in blood recipients from an area of high @entity0 endemicity. METHODS: A total of 7,780 blood recipients were transfused with at least 1 unit of blood component at a single university hospital in Korea between January 2006 and December 2009. Their medical records were reviewed, and their demographic and transfusion-related data were analyzed. RESULTS: Pre-transfusion HBsAg and anti-HBs levels were tested in 77.6% (6,037/7,780) of the recipients. The results varied widely according to recipient age. In all, 32.8% (1,982/6,037) of the recipients who were tested had dual negative pre-transfusion results for HBsAg and anti-HBs and, therefore, were at increased risk of @entity0 transmission. Post-transfusion follow-up testing for HBsAg and/or anti-HBs was performed in 22% (436/1,982) of the increased-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that current transfusion-related laboratory testing practice is not sufficient to properly investigate possible post-transfusion infections. Routine laboratory tests, including HBsAg and anti-HBs, should be recommended in transfusion guidelines.

title: Pre- and post-transfusion testing for XXXX virus surface antigen and antibody in blood recipients: a single-institution experience in an area of high endemicity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This article presents a case of undiagnosed sesamoid @entity3 with coexisting @entity5 . A 25-year-old @entity0 presented with a 2-year history of metacarpophalangeal joint @entity2 and triggering of the thumb. She was a right-handed bank employee and recalled a @entity7 . The @entity2 improved slightly while on medication, but the triggering recurred 1 month after the @entity1 injection. Six months after the first visit, she underwent A1 pulley release surgery for the triggering without a more detailed evaluation such as radiographs or sonographs. Intraoperatively, no definite @entity5 were observed. The triggering resolved, but the @entity2 persisted. One month postoperatively, a repeat physical examination was performed, and the @entity2 region was localized to the radial sesamoid area. Radiography was then performed, which showed joint space narrowing of the sesamoid metacarpal head and @entity6 changes and spur formation on the metacarpal head. An additional diagnosis of sesamoid @entity3 of the thumb was made and the @entity2 finally resolved as a result of the sesamoidectomy. Orthopedic surgeons often overlook pathologies around the metacarpophalangeal joint, especially those related to triggering. A high index of suspicion and clinical findings consistent with intermittent mechanical obstruction and @entity4 in the palmar aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint warrant inclusion of sesamoid @entity3 as a differential diagnosis for metacarpophalangeal joint pathology. Detailed physical examinations should be performed and proper radiographs taken in all @entity0 with @entity4 in the metacarpophalangeal joint even if triggering of the thumb is present.

title: Sesamoid XXXX mimicking @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was already documented, by many investigators, that @entity4 presents an important factor in the development of essential arterial @entity1 . The goal of this study was to examine correlation between serum @entity2 levels in @entity0 with essential arterial @entity1 and index of @entity3 sensitivity, as the main parameter of salt-sensitive @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHOD: The investigation included 236 @entity0 of both sexes. Clinical group included 178 of @entity0 , mean age 59  18.2 years, with at least 5 years of @entity1 history and preserved kidney function. They were divided into 2 subgroups according to the serum @entity2 levels. Control group involved 58 healthy volunteers, who were age and sex matched with the clinic group. The levels of serum @entity2 were measured spectrophotometrically. @entity3 sensitivity index was assessed as the main parameter of salt sensitive @entity1 . It was calculated as the difference in 24hours @entity3 excretion between period of @entity3 rich diet (250mmol/24hours) and @entity3 lean diet (50mmol/24hours), divided by mean arterial pressure, measured twice respectively. RESULTS: First clinical subgroup had 95 @entity0 , with normal @entity2 serum values (256  35 mol/l), and the second subgroup had 83 @entity0 , with significant increase of @entity2 serum values (572  49 mol/l; p<0.01). @entity3 sensitivity index in the first subgroup had normal values (0.026  0.005), and in a second subgroup was significantly higher (0.078  0.02; p<0.01). We found a high positive correlation (r=0.721, p<0.01) between an increase in serum @entity2 level and salt-sensitivity index in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and salt-sensitivity index correlate highly, therefore serum @entity2 levels may be used as diagnostic parameters of salt-sensitive arterial @entity1 in the population of @entity0 with essential @entity1 .

title: 9A.02: XXXX SENSITIVE HYPERTENSION: CAN IT BE ASSESSED BY MEASURING @entity2 LEVELS?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although previous studies have shown that the @entity0 frontal cortex is involved in the experience of emotions as well as in social behavior, data regarding the exact anatomical substrates of behavioral and affective @entity3 pathologies are still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic correlates of these deficits in a group of non-selected consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Clinicometabolic correlations between several emotional and social parameters and metabolic patterns in the frontal cortex and amygdala were investigated in 32 @entity0 with frontal lobe pathologies. The behavioral disturbances were evaluated using the Lhermitte's informant questionnaire. Regional cerebral @entity5 metabolism was measured with @entity6 and high-resolution positron emission tomography. Statistical analysis was performed using both single variable correlation and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Both single variable and multivariate analyses demonstrate that decreased regional @entity5 metabolism in the right medial area 10 was associated with apathy. There were also significant negative relationships between metabolism in the right orbitofrontal cortex and stereotypy and indifference to rules. @entity1 , @entity8 and loss of emotional control were associated with decreased metabolism in the left amygdala. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of clinicometabolic correlations, the present data support the implication of different functional anatomic systems in frontal lobe-related @entity4 . In particular, they imply that the classically described symptoms of impaired behavioral control may be related to @entity7 whereas @entity2 may result from a functional damage of the left amygdala.

title: Metabolic correlates of XXXX in frontal lobe pathologies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB), a potent option to control @entity2 after shoulder surgery, has notable adverse effects. The anterior @entity3 ( @entity3 ) might provide comparable @entity4 and cause less @entity1 . These characteristics were studied in this randomized controlled @entity0 - and assessor-blinded trial. METHODS: Outpatients were randomized to single-shot ultrasound-guided @entity3 (10 mL @entity5 1%) or ISB (20 mL @entity5 0.75%) before general anesthesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. @entity2 (Numerical Rating Scale, 0-10), grip strength, degree of satisfaction, and strength of recommendation were assessed. RESULTS: We randomized 168 @entity0 to each group and analyzed 164 in the @entity3 group and 165 in the ISB group. Nerve blocks were successful in 98% of the @entity0 from each group. Both procedures provided good postoperative @entity4 , and the mean @entity2 level for @entity3 was slightly but significantly lower by 0.32 units (95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.46; P < 0.001) and noninferior given a margin of 1.1 units; P < 0.001. Within the first 24 hours, 162 (99%) of @entity3 @entity0 had unimpaired grip strength compared to 81 (49%) of ISB @entity0 (P < 0.001). The multiple primary outcome, superior unimpaired grip strength, and @entity2 control was significant; P < 0.001. Compared to ISB @entity0 (n = 130 [79%]), significantly more @entity3 @entity0 (n = 150 [91%]) were satisfied/highly satisfied. @entity0 in the @entity3 group were more likely to recommend the procedure highly. CONCLUSIONS: For outpatients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia, the @entity3 seems preferable to ISB. It provides excellent postoperative @entity4 without exposing @entity0 to @entity1 and to risks of the more potent but also more invasive ISB.

title: Anterior Suprascapular Nerve Block Versus Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Shoulder Surgery in the Outpatient Setting: A Randomized Controlled XXXX - and Assessor-Blinded Trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Herbs and dietary supplements can have significant physiological effects. Garlic (Allium sativum) has shown beneficial lipid effects in a majority of trials; dried garlic preparations are superior to oil preparations. There is preliminary evidence that indicates that hawthorn (Crataegus species) may provide benefits in @entity7 . Coenzyme Q also may be of benefit in @entity7 . Although observational studies indicate a protective effect of dietary or supplemental @entity4 , controlled trails have not shown a beneficial effect on @entity8 and have been mixed on whether supplementation decreases major @entity5 . Although several observational studies have noted that fish intake protects against @entity1 , prospective studies are less impressive. Fish oil supplementation may have a mild beneficial effect on @entity2 , but there is no effect on total @entity3 levels. Trials are inconsistent on whether fish oil reduces restenosis rates following coronary angioplasty. @entity11 appears to have beneficial effects on @entity7 and @entity8 ; there is also preliminary evidence that @entity6 may benefit @entity0 with @entity7 or @entity8 . Herbs and supplements have been associated with adverse effects and interactions; for example, @entity10 and can cause significant anticoagulation, and the Chinese herb danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) appears to potentiate @entity9 . Several herbs and supplements hold promise as adjuncts in the prevention and treatment of @entity1 . There is a need for definitive research on the potential risks and benefits of these compounds, including appropriate dosages and formulations, and delineation of adverse events and interactions. (c)2000 by CHF, Inc.

title: Herbs and dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative coronary sinus rupture is a rare event; however, it carries potential mortality and its' management is technically challenging. A repair technique should provide adequate bleeding control while avoiding narrowing or stricture of the coronary sinus. METHODS: We retrospectively review our experience with a new pericardial patch repair technique. From January 1996 to May 2005 four cases of intraoperative @entity1 were identified. Three female @entity0 and one male @entity0 with a mean age of 74 +/- 4 years underwent valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass on cardiopulmonary bypass. A double pericardial patch technique sandwiched with @entity0 fibrin glue was used to cover the defect. RESULTS: In all @entity0 treated with this method, the injury could be treated successfully. All @entity0 were extubated on the first postoperative day and median intensive care unit stay was 3 days. Drains could be removed after 4 days median. Median hospital stay was 13 days. After a median follow-up of 33 months all @entity0 are alive without any echocardiographic signs of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the pericardial patch technique is a safe and technically feasible technique for repair of central @entity1 . Excellent bleeding control and, in our experience, no consecutive complications were observed.

title: Management of central XXXX using the pericardial patch repair technique.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) showed no difference in outcomes between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus optimal medical therapy (MED) in @entity0 with persistent total occlusion of the @entity3 3 to 28 days post- @entity2 . Whether PCI may benefit a subset of @entity0 with preservation of @entity3 zone (IZ) viability is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity1 nuclear ancillary study hypothesized that (1) IZ viability influences left ventricular (LV) remodeling and that (2) PCI as compared with MED attenuates adverse remodeling in post- @entity2 @entity0 with preserved viability. Enrolled were 124 @entity1 @entity0 who underwent resting @entity4 -enhanced technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before @entity1 randomization, with repeat imaging at 1 year. All images were quantitatively analyzed for @entity3 size, IZ viability, LV volumes, and function in a core laboratory. At baseline, mean @entity3 size was 26%    18 of the LV, mean IZ viability was 43%    8 of peak uptake, and most @entity0 (70%) had at least moderately retained IZ viability. There were no significant differences in 1-year end-diastolic or end-systolic volume change between those with severely reduced versus moderately retained IZ viability, or when compared by treatment assignment PCI versus MED. In multivariable models, increasing baseline viability independently predicted improvement in ejection fraction (P = .005). There was no interaction between IZ viability and treatment assignment for any measure of LV remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: In the contemporary era of MED, PCI of the @entity3 compared with MED alone does not impact LV remodeling irrespective of IZ viability.

title: The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) Viability Ancillary Study ( @entity1 -NUC): influence of XXXX zone viability on left ventricular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention versus optimal medical therapy alone.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of perioperative antibiotics in @entity2 (SSI) and @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for @entity1 and low- and moderate-risk @entity4 (Tokyo classification) is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess this. METHODS: Searches were conducted of the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. The analysis was performed using the random-effects method, and the risk ratio (RR) with 95 per cent c.i. was employed. RESULTS: Nineteen RCTs, published between 1997 and 2015, with a total of 5259 @entity0 , of whom 2709 (51  5 per cent) were treated with antibiotics, were included. SSI and @entity3 were detected in 2  4 and 4  2 per cent respectively of @entity0 given perioperative antibiotics, and in 3  2 and 7  2 per cent of those who received no antibiotics. Antibiotics did not significantly reduce the risk of SSI (RR 0  81, 95 per cent c.i. 0  58 to 1  13; P   =   0  21) or @entity3 (RR 0  64, 0  36 to 1  14; P   =   0  13). There was no significant between-study heterogeneity for SSI, but significant between-study heterogeneity in the eight studies that reported @entity3 . Analysis of studies considered to be high quality, grouped according to the timing of antibiotics (preoperative only or perioperative) and reporting intention-to-treat analyses, again failed to show a significant reduction in SSI. CONCLUSION: Antibiotics should not be administered before laparoscopic cholecystectomy in @entity0 with @entity1 and/or low- and moderate-risk @entity4 .

title: Meta-analysis of perioperative antibiotics in XXXX undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Across sub-Saharan Africa, pregnant @entity0 attend routine health services around the 20th week of gestation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate, with a view to maximising effectiveness of @entity1 control tools delivered via routine services, coverage of an antenatal clinic insecticide-treated net (ITN) voucher scheme in Tanzania by gestational age. METHODS: Household and antenatal clinic survey data from 21 districts in Tanzania were collected and analysed annually 2005-2007. @entity2 was defined as giving @entity0 access to vouchers for 24 weeks of pregnancy (weeks 16 and 40 gestation). The relationship between gestational age and use of ITNs throughout pregnancy was explored. RESULTS: Coverage of the ITN voucher was high (84% in 2007), but only 61% of optimal voucher protection was achieved. It was reduced by a combination of late attendance at clinic and staff not distributing vouchers at first visit. An increasing trend by gestational age in ITN use was observed each survey year, rising in 2007 from 23% of first-trimester @entity0 to 30% of @entity0 post partum (  (2)=5.9, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Uptake of @entity1 interventions is not evenly distributed throughout pregnancy. Including gestational age in pregnancy coverage indicators can enhance understanding of the public health potential available from pregnancy interventions.

title: Timing of delivery of XXXX preventive interventions in pregnancy: results from the Tanzania national voucher programme.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity8 -induced clots used in experimental @entity2 differ from clots forming spontaneously under clinical conditions. We investigated whether this difference influences the efficacy and outcome of thrombolytic treatment. METHODS: In @entity1 , the middle cerebral artery was occluded by intracarotid injection of fibrin-rich clots, prepared either according to established methods by adding @entity8 to freshly drawn arterial blood or by spontaneous coagulation. The mechanical properties of clots were determined in vitro by elasticity and plasticity tests. One hour after @entity4 , thrombolysis was started by intra-arterial application of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) (10 mg/kg). Treatment efficacy was monitored by MR measurements of blood perfusion, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), T2 relaxation time and blood-brain barrier permeability, and by pictorial measurements of @entity3 and pH. RESULTS: @entity8 -induced clots were classified as elastic, and spontaneously forming clots were classified as plastic. @entity6 with @entity8 -induced or spontaneously forming clots led to similar reduction of perfusion and @entity5 , but rtPA treatment efficacy differed greatly. In the spontaneously forming clot group, blood perfusion returned to or above control within 2 hours, @entity5 and @entity3 normalized, tissue pH exhibited @entity7 , and T2 and blood-brain barrier permeability did not change. In the @entity8 -induced clot group, in contrast, blood reperfusion was delayed, @entity5 and @entity3 remained reduced, tissue pH was acidic, and @entity0 developed, as reflected by increased T2 and blood-brain barrier permeability. CONCLUSIONS: rtPA-induced thrombolysis promotes rapid reperfusion and tissue recovery in animals embolized with spontaneously forming clots but not in those embolized with @entity8 -induced clots. This difference is explained by the different mechanical and possibly molecular consequences of clot preparation and must be considered for the interpretation of thrombolysis experiments.

title: Differences in clot preparation determine outcome of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity4 , - @entity6 ) are potent stimulators of bone formation and have been shown to regulate chondrocyte, osteoblast, and osteoclast formation and function. However, the distribution of the different isoforms and their signaling receptors in @entity0 bone in vivo has not previously been reported. Using samples of normal (neonatal rib) and pathological (osteophytic) developing @entity0 bone, we have investigated the expression of the different TGF-beta isoforms and their signaling receptors (TGF-betaRI and RII) at the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels by in situ hybridization and immunolocalization to establish the sites of TGF-beta production and their possible sites of action during @entity0 bone development in vivo. All three TGF-beta isoforms and the receptors were detected at sites of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. At sites of endochondral ossification, @entity5 was detected in all zones of the cartilage, with the highest expression seen in the @entity2 and mineralizing zones. @entity3 was detected in proliferative and @entity2 zone chondrocytes, while @entity4 expression was restricted to the proliferative and upper @entity2 zones. TGF-betaRI and RII exhibited similar distributions with maximum expression in the @entity2 and mineralizing zones in the neonatal rib but in the resting/proliferative zone in the developing osteophyte. At sites of intramembranous ossification @entity3 was the most widely distributed isoform and showed both matrix- and cell-associated staining. @entity7 were expressed almost exclusively at sites of mineralization. These observations demonstrate that the different TGF-beta isoforms and their receptors exhibit distinct but overlapping patterns of expression, and support the hypothesis that they are involved in the regulation of endochondral and intramembranous ossification during @entity0 bone development in vivo.

title: Expression and distribution of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms and their signaling receptors in growing XXXX bone.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In 1994, a clinic for @entity2 risk counseling was opened at Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem. Most of the counselees have been @entity1 who had @entity0 and/or a relative with @entity0 . In order to evaluate the effect of this counseling on @entity1 's knowledge and perceptions regarding the risks for @entity0 , a questionnaire was given before and after the counseling session to 60 healthy @entity1 who came to the clinic because they have relatives with @entity0 . According to the genetic counselors' estimations, most of these @entity1 had a significantly increased risk (compared to the general population) of developing @entity2 . Before counseling, the @entity1 overestimated the population risk for @entity0 , the contribution of heredity to morbidity of @entity2 , and their own risks to get @entity2 . After counseling session, they gave reduced estimates, closer to the "real" ones. The subjective perceptions regarding these risks were reduced after counseling, except for the perceptions regarding their relativerisks which have not changed after the counseling. About 90% of the @entity1 who came to the clinic wanted to be tested for genetic predisposition to @entity2 . For most of these @entity1 , the expectations that the test can rule out a genetic predisposition to @entity2 became more realistic after the counseling. The option to first test an affected relative was offered to all families, and a test was actually conducted in 75% of the families.

title: The Effect of Genetic Counseling on Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Risks for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Adenovirus (ADV) infections after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) range in severity from self-limited to fatal. We have previously reported high mortality rates in @entity4 (+) selected @entity2 ( @entity2 ) HCT recipients using symptomatic testing and culture methods for ADV detection. We report rates and outcomes of @entity7 in 215 adult recipients of @entity2 HCT using the CliniMACS @entity4 (+) selection system. This was a prospective observational study of adults transplanted from March 21, 2012 through November 30, 2014 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. @entity2 was performed using CliniMACS @entity4 (+) cell selection. @entity0 were monitored for ADV by whole blood PCR assay from  +14 to  +100  days post-transplant. @entity7 was defined as >= 1 PCR above the lower limit of quantitation. @entity7 was defined per European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation guidelines. Treatment for ADV was at the clinician's discretion. Competing risk regression analyses were used to identify predictors for @entity7 and overall survival. The median age was 55  years (range, 22 to 72); 215 @entity0 underwent @entity2 . All @entity0 received myeloablative conditioning. Eighteen @entity0 (8% of cohort) had @entity7 at a median onset of 57  days (interquartile range [IQR], 23 to 79) and with a median viral load at first detection of 2.6 log10 copies/mL (IQR, 2.5 to 4.0). The median maximal viral load was 4.5 log10 copies/mL (IQR, 3.5 to 5.9). No significant risk factor was identified for @entity7 by univariate analysis. Six @entity0 (3% of total cohort, 33% of viremic @entity0 ) developed @entity7 (3 colitis, 2 @entity3 / @entity5 , 1 @entity1 ). @entity7 preceded onset of @entity7 a median of 11  days from the first positive quantitative PCR (range,  +3 to  +37) except in 1 @entity0 with @entity3 . Overall, 12 of 18 viremic @entity0 (67%) received antiviral treatment (5 @entity6 only, 7 brincidofovir      @entity6 ). All @entity0 with @entity7 were treated, and 6 @entity0 were preemptively treated for ADV. Among the 18 viremic @entity0 , 8 (44%) died during the study period, and, of those, 4 (22%) died of ADV. Early @entity7 was infrequent (8%) among adult HCT recipients of @entity4 (+) selected allografts. Among viremic @entity0 , rate of @entity7 was 33% and ADV attributable mortality was 22%. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of preemptive treatment with @entity8 on improving outcomes of @entity7 in this @entity0 population.

title: XXXX in Adult @entity4 (+) Selected Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: Low Incidence and High Clinical Impact.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 43-year-old Japanese @entity0 visited for a @entity3 incidentally found. We suspected @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to @entity7 ( @entity7 ). However, neither past history nor medical interview indicated a risk of @entity6 . Blood testing revealed @entity5 , serum examination showed normal results for immunoglobulin E, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay yielded negative for Toxocara and Anisakis. Gastric and colonic endoscopy revealed normal features. Several imagings showed central @entity2 . After informed consent, laparoscopic resection was performed. Histopathological examination showed @entity4 without parasites. No recurrence had occurred postoperatively. Most reports documented that @entity4 are caused by @entity7 . However, parasites are not always demonstrable on serum, histopathological, or immunochemical examinations. When acting as allergens to induce type I responses, microscopic agents other than parasites in the intestinal tract could induce @entity1 in the liver. Accumulation of more cases should help clarify other pathogeneses for @entity4 .

title: Solitary Hepatic Eosinophilic Granuloma Accompanied by @entity5 Without XXXX : Report of a Case.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nearly 15 million @entity0 suffer from @entity1 every year worldwide, with about 20% of the survivors retaining chronic aphasic symptoms. Spontaneous recovery is limited to 3 to 6 months. Cortical stimulation techniques have been proposed to enhance the recovery process. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the benefit of epidural cortical stimulation for the treatment of @entity5 , based on a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: An extensive PubMed search was performed for English language articles published from 1990 to 2014 with the keywords (cortical OR epidural) AND stimulation AND @entity1 AND ( @entity5 OR language OR speech). The criteria analyzed included the type of study, epidemiology of @entity0 , @entity1 , @entity5 , stimulation protocol, concurrent rehabilitation therapies, language evaluations, results observed, and follow-up. RESULTS: Seven cases were reported to date (3 case reports, 1 randomized controlled trial). All @entity0 experienced nonfluent @entity5 following an @entity4 . All four studies reported encouraging effects of the stimulation with improved lexical access and fluency for all @entity0 . The effects were specific, independent of the motor recovery or of the @entity2 reported by the @entity0 , and they were linked to the stimulation parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the small number of existing cases in the literature, the strength of the evidence is still low. Two main hypotheses of neurobiological mechanisms have been explored: either using continuous stimulation to modify cortical perilesional inhibition or using intermittent stimulation during the speech and language therapy sessions to explore synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation or @entity3 . To establish the role of epidural stimulation and the relevant stimulation protocols and parameters, large randomized controlled trials are mandatory. We suggest avenues of investigation.

title: Epidural Cortical Stimulation as a Treatment for XXXX : A Systematic Review of the Literature and Underlying Neurophysiological Mechanisms.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Basal skull fractures (BSFs) are caused by blunt force @entity2 , occurring in the temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and/or ethmoid bones. In pediatric severe traumatic @entity5 (sTBI), there is a paucity of data on BSFs. Our goal was to investigate the BSF prevalence, anatomy, and association with short-term outcomes in pediatric sTBI. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all severely injured (Injury Severity Score >= 12) pediatric @entity0 (aged <18 years) admitted to our hospital after experiencing an sTBI (Glasgow @entity4 Scale score  <=8 and head Abbreviated Injury Scale score >= 4). Neuroimaging for all sTBI @entity0 was reviewed for skull fractures. Data were analyzed with both univariate and multivariate techniques. RESULTS: Of the 180 @entity0 with sTBI, 47 had BSFs for a prevalence of 26% (69 BSFs in total; 16 sTBI @entity0 had >= 2 BSFs). The squamous temporal bone was fractured most frequently (n=30/47 sTBI @entity0 with BSFs). @entity0 with BSFs were heavier and had more @entity11 than those without (p < 0.05) but were similar in all other admission demographics, injury profiles, and clinical characteristics. @entity8 was found in 32% (n = 15 of 47) of BSF @entity0 ( @entity7 , n = 12; @entity9 , n = 1; @entity7 / @entity9 , n = 2; p < 0.001). Mortality, @entity10 , and fewer ventilator-free days were associated with BSFs (p < 0.005), whereas in sTBI survivors, BSFs were associated with longer lengths of stay (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed that BSFs were positively associated with the presence of @entity3 (odds ratio [OR], 4.00; p = 0.001), contusion (OR, 2.48; p = 0.029), herniation (OR, 3.40; p = 0.037), and @entity6 (OR, 2.30; p = 0.047) but negatively associated with @entity1 (OR, 0.20; p = 0.003). BSFs and mortality were strongly associated (OR, 6.87; p = 0.019). CONCLUSION: BSFs occurred in 26% of pediatric sTBI @entity0 . The temporal bone was fractured in two thirds of sTBI @entity0 with BSFs, and one third was associated with @entity8 . BSFs represent a significant linear blunt force and are independent predictors of mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic and epidemiologic study, level III.

title: Basal skull fractures are associated with mortality in pediatric severe traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Low-grade @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a kind of uterine @entity1 . Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was the main treatment. We evaluate the feasibility of fertility-sparing management in five @entity0 with low-grade @entity3 who desired for childbearing. The @entity0 aged 28-36 years old presented with symptoms of menometrorrhagia or without symptom. Ultrasound examinations demonstrated @entity2 (with the diameter of 3.5-6 cm respectively). All the @entity0 received conservative surgeries of local resection of the mass with uterine reconstruction. Then the adjuvant endocrine therapy was given to them with @entity4 (160-320 mg/day) or @entity5 (3.75 mg/28 days) for 5-6 months. The follow-up lasted 21-55 months. All the @entity0 survived. Three of them underwent an uncomplicated pregnancy, and received cesarean delivery of a liveborn neonate. One of them is alive without disease recurrence. The other one found disease recurred during the @entity4 treatment, and received hysterectomy. We consider that fertility-sparing treatment is suitable in selected in young low-grade @entity3 @entity0 especially for those whose lesion was with a clear borderline. Adjuvant endocrine therapy is recommended for about 6 months after operation.

title: Fertility-sparing treatment of low-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine whether microRNA for pluripotent stem cells are also expressed in @entity0 and are associated with @entity2 and outcome. METHODS: We studied global microRNA profiles during differentiation of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (n =26) and in @entity0 @entity1 (n = 33) and @entity1 cell lines (n = 35). Using in situ hybridization, we then investigated MIR302 expression in 318 untreated @entity0 @entity1 (test cohort, n = 22 and validation cohort, n = 296). In parallel, using next-generation sequencing data from @entity0 @entity1 (n = 684), we assessed microRNA association with stem cell markers. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: In healthy tissues, the MIR302 (high)/ @entity8 (low) asymmetry was exclusive for pluripotent stem cells. MIR302 was expressed in a small population of @entity3 cells @entity4 , but not in normal breast (P < .001). Furthermore, MIR302 was expressed in the @entity3 cells together with stem cell markers, such as @entity5 and @entity6 . Conversely, @entity8 expression in 684 @entity0 negatively correlated with @entity5 (Spearman correlation, Rho = -0.08, P = .04) and @entity6 (Rho = -0.11, P = .004), but positively correlated with differentiation marker @entity7 (Rho = 0.15, P < .001). @entity3 with lymph node @entity2 had @entity3 cells showing scattered expression of MIR302 and widespread repression of @entity8 . Finally, overall survival was statistically significantly shorter in @entity1 with MIR302-positive @entity3 cells (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: In healthy tissues the MIR302(high)/ @entity8 (low) asymmetry was characteristic of embryonic and induced pluripotency. In @entity4 , the MIR302/ @entity8 asymmetry was associated with stem cell markers, @entity2 , and shorter survival.

title: Pluripotent stem cell miRNAs and @entity2 in invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate the technique of identifying parathyroid glands with @entity1 nanoparticle suspension (CNPS) in thyroid surgeries from the perspectives of degrees of declining intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), operation time, and time of postoperative stay. METHODS: A total of 156 @entity0 who underwent thyroid surgeries in General Surgical Department of Xiangya Hospital between May 2012 and May 2015 were involved in the study. A total of 78 @entity0 were injected with CNPS during the surgery (CNPS group); the other 78 @entity0 received normal saline (control group). Cases were classified into 3 surgical approaches: conventional partial thyroidectomy, conventional total thyroidectomy, and endoscopic partial thyroidectomy. Degrees of declining iPTH were tested to determine the severity of @entity2 . Operation time and postoperative hospital stay time were recorded. A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: For levels of declining iPTH, there was no statistically significant (ss) difference in conventional thyroid surgery. In endoscopic partial thyroidectomy, it was 23.37    16.20 versus 11.94    11.23 pg/mL (P = .02, ss). The operation time of conventional total thyroidectomy was 210.10    83.75 versus 164.84    69.22 minutes (P = .03, ss), while it was 193.04    75.53 versus 127.67    60.06 minutes (P = .007, ss) in endoscopic thyroidectomy. CONCLUSIONS: CNPS is not beneficial for protecting the function of parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery from the perspective of declining iPTH. Applying CNPS in conventional total thyroidectomy and endoscopic partial thyroidectomy will also lead to significantly prolonged operation time.

title: Identifying Parathyroid Glands With XXXX Nanoparticle Suspension Does Not Help Protect Parathyroid Function in Thyroid Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Control Clinical Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of high temporal resolution quantitative perfusion imaging of @entity2 performed simultaneously with conventional multi-phase MR urography (MRU) using a novel free-breathing continuously acquired radial MRI sequence with compressed-sensing reconstruction. METHODS: 22 @entity0 with @entity3 underwent MRU using GRASP (Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel) acquisition. Multi-phase contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic GRASP was performed during free-breathing (1.4x1.4x3.0mm(3) voxel size; 3:44min acquisition). Two dynamic datasets were retrospectively reconstructed by combining different numbers of sequentially acquired spokes into each dynamic frame: 110 spokes per frame for 25-second temporal resolution (serving as conventional MRU for clinical interpretation) and 8 spokes per frame for 1.7-second resolution. Using 1.7-second resolution images, ROIs were placed within @entity3 and normal bladder wall, a femoral artery arterial input function was generated, and the Generalized Kinetic Model was applied. RESULTS: Biopsy/cystectomy demonstrated 16 @entity2 (13 stage>= T2, 3 stage <=T1) and 6 benign lesions. All lesions were well visualized using 25-second clinical multi-phase images. Using 1.7-second resolution images, K(trans) was significantly higher in @entity1 (0.38  0.24) than normal bladder (0.12  0.02=8, p<0.001) or benign lesions (0.15  0.04, p=0.033). Ratio between K(trans) of lesions and normal bladder was nearly double for @entity1 than benign lesions (4.3  3.4 vs. 2.2  1.6), and K(trans) was nearly double in stage>= T2 than stage <=T1 @entity1 (0.44  0.24 vs. 0.24  0.24), although these did not approach significance (p=0.180-0.209), possibly related to small sample size. CONCLUSION: GRASP allows simultaneous quantitative high temporal resolution perfusion of @entity3 during clinical MRU examinations using only one contrast injection and without additional scan time.

title: Performance of Simultaneous High Temporal Resolution Quantitative Perfusion Imaging of XXXX and Conventional Multi-phase Urography Using a Novel Free-Breathing Continuously Acquired Radial Compressed-Sensing MRI Sequence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The multidimensional burden that results from providing care to a @entity0 with @entity1 is well documented and a growing number of psychosocial interventions have been developed to address this burden. None, however, target existential distress, a critical, common element - and potentially driving mechanism - of caregiver burden. Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy (MCP) is a structured psychotherapeutic intervention originally developed by our group to target existential distress and spiritual well-being among @entity0 with @entity1 . We are currently developing Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for @entity1 Caregivers (MCP-C). The objective of this qualitative study is to describe the application of MCP to the unique experience of caregivers of @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: A case study of a @entity0 from an initial MCP-C group is presented, with a focus on the application of sources of meaning to the @entity1 caregiving experience. RESULTS: The exploration of critical sources of meaning in the @entity0 's life generally, and related to caregiving specifically, highlighted significant areas of growth, including an increased understanding of the historical context shaping her experience of providing care, the recognition of the need for improved self-care and reconnecting with meaningful activities, and the possibility for continued connectedness to others and the world, despite the limitations resulting from her husband's @entity2 . SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Existential distress is a critical and often overlooked element of burden among @entity1 caregivers. MCP-C is intended to target this component of burden and address this critical gap in the palliative care literature. Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of MCP-C delivered over the Internet. Future studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of MCP-C for particularly burdened groups of caregivers, such as caregivers of @entity0 with @entity3 and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantations, and to identify target points of delivery that will optimize the intervention's benefits.

title: Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for XXXX Caregivers (MCP-C): Rationale and Overview.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high incidence of @entity2 as the most common @entity1 in males in many countries raises the question of developing reliable detection tests. The @entity4 ( @entity4 ) test is the most widely used for screening for @entity2 ; however, its low specificity elevates the number of unnecessarily biopsies. Serum human kallikrein-2 ( @entity5 ) is considered as a promising marker, and especially its ratio to fPSA, for predicting the presence of @entity1 to select the best choice referring to biopsy or surveillance. In this study, we investigated the role of @entity5 and its combinations with other markers to discriminate @entity2 from benign diseases in Syrian @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective oriented cross-sectional cohort study, serum samples were collected from @entity0 referred to many Hospitals in Damascus, Syria, between May 2011 and March 2012, and diagnosed with biopsy proven @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Serum was analyzed for @entity5 , @entity4 and fPSA, and the ratios of @entity4 and @entity5 /fPSA were calculated. RESULTS: We found that mean @entity5 /fPSA ratios were significantly higher (P=0.01) in @entity2 @entity0 than in the @entity3 or control groups. Also the ratio @entity6 /fPSA gave the largest area under the curve (AUC:0.96) which was significantly larger than for @entity4 (AUC:0.41) indicative of higher specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the ratio of @entity5 /fPSA might be superior to the use of @entity4 alone. The @entity5 could be shown to enhance the early detection of @entity2 ; especially the ratio @entity5 /fPSA improves specificity and hence may reduce the number of negative biopsies.

title: @entity0 Kallikrein-2, @entity4 and Free- @entity4 in Combination to Discriminate Prostate Cancer from Benign Diseases in Syrian XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Commercially available @entity3 solutions are usually too thick to inject through catheters and need dilution with normal saline (NS) before use, which increases the risk of contamination. We evaluated the usefulness of ready-to-use 0.4% @entity3 , Endo-Ease (EE; UNIMED Pharm. Inc., Seoul, Korea). METHODS: We performed a prospective multicenter randomized study from May 2011 to September 2012. @entity0 requiring endoscopic resection (ER) for @entity1 at two referral hospitals were enrolled. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-four @entity0 (72 with a @entity2 and 82 with a @entity1 ) were included in intention-to-treat analysis. Thirty-seven @entity2 and 43 @entity1 were enrolled in the EE group. The usefulness rate was significantly higher in the EE group than in the NS group (89.2% vs. 60.0% for @entity2 and 95.3% vs. 67.7% for @entity1 , p<0.001). In the EE group, the ease of mucosal resection was significantly higher than in the NS group (p<0.001). The injected volume was smaller in the EE group than in the NS group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of EE reduced the need for additional injections and improved the ease of ER. A submucosal injection of EE is useful for the ER of both @entity1 .

title: Usefulness of Ready-to-Use 0.4% XXXX (Endo-Ease) in the Endoscopic Resection of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. In conscious, fasted @entity0 the intravenous infusion of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, @entity7 (3 and 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1) induced a dose related increase in insulin plasma levels. This effect was accompanied by a minor hypo- or hyperglycaemic response, depending on the dose of agonist infused. 2. A dose related increase in mean arterial pressure and reduction in heart rate were also found after @entity7 administration. 3. The insulin secretory response to @entity7 was not prevented in @entity0 previously treated with @entity6 (5.26 micrograms kg-1 min-1). However, in the presence of muscarinic receptor blockade the bradycardic effect of @entity7 was either suppressed or attenuated. 4. Pretreatment with the @entity2 channel antagonist @entity8 (35 ng kg-1 min-1) or with @entity5 (0.66 mg kg-1 min-1) clearly blocked the effect of @entity7 on insulin secretion. 5. The haemodynamic changes induced by @entity7 were preserved in the presence of either @entity4 (0.17 microgram kg-1 min-1) or @entity5 , whereas the @entity1 response was antagonized by @entity8 . 6. Our results suggest that the metabolic and haemodynamic changes mediated by @entity7 are two independent effects, insulin secretion requiring the presence of extracellular @entity2 and the synthesis of @entity3 metabolites.

title: Comparative effects of XXXX channel blockers and @entity5 on insulin secretion and blood pressure increase derived from alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of @entity4 . However, constitutive @entity1 also acts as a trophic factor on retinal nonvascular cells. We have studied the effects of aflibercept and ranibizumab on @entity0 M  ller cells and photoreceptors exposed to starvation media containing various concentrations of @entity2 , with or without @entity7 -induced @entity3 . Cell survival was assessed by calcein-AM cell viability assays. Expression of @entity5 proteins (Hsp) and redox proteins @entity10 ( @entity9 , @entity10 ) was studied by Western blots. The production of neurotrophic factors in M  ller cells and @entity11 ( @entity11 ) in photoreceptors was measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. Aflibercept and ranibizumab did not affect the viability of both types of cells. Neither aflibercept nor ranibizumab affected the production of neurotrophic factors or expression of @entity8 and @entity6 in M  ller cells. However, aflibercept but not ranibizumab affected the expression of @entity8 , Hsp9, @entity9 and @entity10 in photoreceptors. Aflibercept and ranibizumab both inhibited the production of @entity11 in photoreceptors, aflibercept more so than ranibizumab. Our data indicates that the potential influence of aflibercept and ranibizumab on photoreceptors should be specifically monitored in clinical studies.

title: Effects of Ranibizumab and Aflibercept on XXXX M  ller Cells and Photoreceptors under Stress Conditions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Carcinus maenas and Necora puber were exposed to air for 72 h and 18 h, respectively, at 18 degreesC. @entity5 excretion, blood and muscle @entity6 content and blood urate and @entity3 content were recorded throughout the experimental emersion and following reimmersion (recovery period). During emersion, the rate of @entity6 excretion was strongly reduced in both species, while @entity4 and @entity7 excretion were not enhanced. Blood and muscle @entity6 content increased steadily, reaching 1.3 and 10.4 mmol l-1, respectively, after an 18 h emersion in N. puber. In contrast, in C. maenas, blood @entity6 levels increased slightly during the first 12 h and then remained at this level (approximately 0.12 mmol l-1) until the end of emersion. Muscle @entity6 content showed a non-significant increase at 12 h, after which values returned to control values (3.3 mmol l-1) for the next 60 h. Blood urate and @entity3 content increased in emersed N. puber, indicating strong internal @entity1 , but urate content did not increase in C. maenas until the third day of emersion. Upon reimmersion, both species released large amounts of @entity6 within a few minutes. Two different patterns of @entity6 release then were observed: @entity6 excretion was enhanced for a further 3 h in N. puber, whereas raised @entity6 excretion rates were observed for a further 24 h in C. maenas. These patterns, the recovery of blood and muscle @entity6 levels and the calculated @entity5 balance between emersed and control crabs indicated that specific processes were used to manage the @entity5 overload induced by air exposure. Whereas N. puber shows little or no ability to limit @entity6 accumulation in its body, C. maenas exhibits strong regulation of its @entity5 metabolism. The probability that @entity2 synthesis is involved in this regulation and whether these species use metabolic @entity0 as a survival strategy are discussed.

title: XXXX metabolism of two portunid crabs, carcinus maenas and necora puber, during prolonged air exposure and subsequent recovery: a comparative study

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5025 Background: Standard treatment for @entity2 currently consists of surgery followed by chemotherapy. Consolidation may improve survival outcomes by prolonging the disease-free interval. We evaluated a consolidation regimen with weekly @entity5 infusion and determined the impact on progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS: All @entity0 with @entity2 , treated with @entity5 consolidation therapy from November 1997 to March 2002, were identified. Consolidation therapy consisted of treatment administered immediately following front-line chemotherapy to @entity0 with no clinical evidence of disease. Treatment consisted of weekly @entity5 infused at a median dose of 80mg/m(2) (60-80 mg/m(2)) for a maximum of 12 weeks. A chart review was performed to assess the disease status and chemotherapy-related @entity3 in all @entity0 . RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity0 received @entity5 consolidation therapy over the study period (31 stage III, and 2 stage IV). Twenty-six @entity0 had @entity2 and seven were diagnosed with @entity4 . The overall 2-year survival in this study was 85%: 18 @entity0 (64%) were without evidence of disease and 10 (36%) were alive with disease. The median PFS was 23 months from the date of diagnosis (range: 10-54 months), with a median time to progression of 19 months (range: 10-53 months). The median follow-up was 33 months (range: 16-72 months). During a total of 430 weeks of consolidation therapy, 1 @entity0 experienced Grade 3 @entity1 and 1 @entity0 developed Grade 3 @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Consolidation therapy with weekly @entity5 infusion is a well-tolerated regimen that resulted in a median PFS of 23 months in @entity0 who obtained a complete clinical response following induction therapy. Given the lack of side effects and the potential for extending the progression-free survival of those treated, this regimen should be considered when consolidation is planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Consolidation therapy with weekly XXXX infusion in @entity2 : An extended follow-up.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Understanding which factors are associated with the use of critical care therapies (CCTs) can help with clinical decision-making and goals of care discussion. The goal of this study was to describe the predictors of @entity7 use (eg, mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, percutaneous @entity6 , total parenteral nutrition, acute use of dialysis) in hospitalized @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: We used the 2010 California State Inpatient Databases sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to identify all hospitalizations with a diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity0 aged >= 18 years). We examined the predictors of any @entity7 use (and invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV] use), stratified by do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status, using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: We identified 99,085 hospitalizations involving @entity0 with @entity2 ; 9.4% received any CCTs and 4.7% received IMV. Predictors of @entity7 use in the no-DNR group included principal @entity3 (vs cancer-related), greater burden of comorbidities, and presence of @entity4 . Predictors of @entity7 use in the DNR group were similar, but also included non-white races. @entity5 was also a predictor of IMV use in the no-DNR group. @entity0 with @entity1 (vs breast and genitourinary) with no DNR were more likely to receive @entity7 (and IMV). CONCLUSIONS: Higher burden of comorbidities, @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 subtype, and @entity3 were associated with higher odds of receiving CCTs or IMV. These findings may help clinicians determine in whom to prioritize discussions around goals of care, especially in the group without a DNR status.

title: Predictors of the Use of Specific Critical Care Therapies in @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Research on fisheries bycatch and discards frequently involves the assessment of reflex @entity0 , or blood physiology as means of quantifying vitality and predicting post-release mortality, but exceptionally few studies have used all three metrics concurrently. We conducted an experimental purse seine fishery for Pacific salmon in the Juan de Fuca Strait, with a focus on understanding the relationships between different sublethal indicators and whether mortality could be predicted in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) bycatch. We monitored mortality using a ~24-h net pen experiment (N = 118) and acoustic telemetry (N = 50), two approaches commonly used to assess bycatch mortality that have rarely been directly compared. Short-term mortality was 21% in the net pen experiment (~24 h) and estimated at 20% for telemetry-tagged fish (~48-96 h). Mortality was predicted by @entity0 , but only in the net pen experiment. Higher reflex impairment was mirrored by perturbations to plasma ions and @entity2 , supporting the notion that reflex impairment can be used as a proxy for departure from physiological homeostasis. @entity0 also significantly correlated with @entity1 , while @entity1 were significantly correlated with plasma ion concentrations. The higher time-specific mortality rate in the net pen and the fact that reflexes and injury corresponded with mortality in that experiment, but not in the telemetry-tagged fish released into the wild could be explained partly by confinement stress. While holding experiments offer the potential to provide insights into the underlying causes of mortality, chronic confinement stress can complicate the interpretation of patterns and ultimately affect mortality rates. Collectively, these results help refine our understanding of the different sublethal metrics used to assess bycatch and the mechanisms that can lead to mortality.

title: Mechanisms to explain purse seine bycatch mortality of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To highlight research studies examining rehabilitation for hip and @entity5 ( @entity4 ), as well as the outcome measures used to assess treatment efficacy, published in 2013. DESIGN: A systematic search was performed in Medline, CIHAHL and Embase databases from January to December 2013. The search was limited to 2013, @entity0 studies, and English. Rehabilitation intervention studies included were prospective controlled designs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. First, individual articles were rated for quality. Second, articles were grouped based on outcome: @entity1 markers, @entity2 , physical function (self-reported, performance), and health. RESULTS: Of 503 titles reviewed, 36 studies were included. The outcome measures related to @entity1 markers were organized into subthemes of anthropometrics, biomechanics and physiology. The quality of evidence was of moderate, high, and low quality for anthropometric, biomechanical and physiological measures respectively. These studies supported the use of diet for @entity3 combined with exercise. Bodies of evidence that showed the efficacy of exercise and passive strategies (thermal/electrical modalities, traction, manual therapy) for reducing @entity2 were of low and moderate quality respectively. The evidence supporting diet and exercise, physiotherapy, and passive strategies to improve physical function was of moderate quality. Evidence supporting exercise to improve psychological factors was of moderate quality. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise combined with diet for @entity3 should be the mainstays of rehabilitation for @entity0 with knee and hip @entity4 to provide benefit to @entity1 markers, @entity2 , physical function, and health.

title: XXXX Year in Review 2014: rehabilitation and outcomes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Acutely administered @entity6 ( @entity5 , ' @entity6 ') has been proposed to have long-term positive effects on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) symptoms when combined with psychotherapy. No preclinical data support a mechanistic basis for these claims. Given the persistent nature of psychotherapeutic gains facilitated by @entity5 , we hypothesized that @entity5 improves fear extinction learning, a key process in exposure-based therapies for @entity2 . In these experiments, @entity0 were first exposed to cued fear conditioning and treated with drug vehicle or @entity5 before extinction training 2 days later. @entity5 was administered systemically and also directly targeted to brain structures known to contribute to extinction. In addition to behavioral measures of extinction, changes in mRNA levels of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 were measured after @entity5 treatment and extinction. @entity5 (7.8 mg kg(-1)) persistently and robustly enhanced long-term extinction when administered before extinction training. @entity5 increased the expression of @entity4 in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas increases in @entity3 expression were observed only in the amygdala after extinction training. Extinction enhancements were recapitulated when @entity5 (1  g) was infused directly into the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), and enhancement was abolished when @entity3 signaling was inhibited before extinction. These findings suggest that @entity5 enhances fear memory extinction through a @entity3 -dependent mechanism, and that @entity5 may be a useful adjunct to exposure-based therapies for @entity2 and other @entity1 characterized by altered fear learning.

title: XXXX facilitates fear extinction learning.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective 105-site study was conducted to determine the rate of @entity2 and other serious adverse experiences associated with the therapeutic use of the sustained-release formulation of @entity3 ( @entity3 SR). METHOD: 3100 @entity0 with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of @entity1 without a current or past diagnosis of an @entity4 and with no personal or family history of @entity2 disorders were treated for up to 8 weeks with @entity3 SR in an open-label study. Dosing was initiated at 50 mg b.i.d. and increased to a maximum of 150 mg b.i.d. unless not tolerated. @entity0 had the option to continue treatment with @entity3 SR (50 mg b.i.d. to 150 mg b.i.d.) in a continuation phase lasting up to 1 year. During the acute and continuation phases, @entity0 were evaluated for the occurrence of @entity2 and other serious adverse experiences. Clinical response to and tolerability of @entity3 SR were also evaluated. RESULTS: Three @entity0 each experienced a @entity2 associated with the therapeutic use of @entity3 SR during the acute and continuation phases combined. The observed @entity2 rate during the 8-week acute phase was 2 @entity2 in 3094 evaluable @entity0 , or 0.06%. The observed @entity2 rate for the acute and continuation phases combined was 3 @entity2 in 3094 @entity0 , or 0.10%. Survival analysis yielded a cumulative @entity2 rate of 0.08% for the acute phase and 0.15% for both phases combined. Two @entity0 who intentionally overdosed with @entity3 SR also experienced @entity2 ; however, these events were not included in calculations of the overall @entity2 rate. Therapeutic doses of @entity3 SR were well tolerated and clinically efficacious. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic use of @entity3 SR at total daily doses up to 300 mg/day in @entity1 @entity0 without predisposition to @entity2 is associated with a @entity2 rate that is well within the range observed with other marketed antidepressants.

title: A prospective safety surveillance study for XXXX sustained-release in the treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The treatment of @entity7 with @entity3 at the foot or the ankle is uneasy. In such cases, free @entity5 are currently advised but they are less reliable in @entity0 with medical diseases. In such difficult cases we have used the distally based soleus island flap, vascularized with retrograde flow on the posterior tibial artery. The technique and the indications of this flap are discussed. @entity0 AND METHOD: This flap has been used for seven @entity0 with @entity2 and skin defects measuring an average of 10 x 7 cm. The preoperative arteriography had to find the whole three arteries at the leg, with a good distal anastomotic arcade. The soleus muscle was raised with the posterior tibial artery, after it was ligated proximally and dissected up to the tarsal tunnel. RESULTS: All of the seven flaps totally survived, except one that a marginal @entity1 treated by excision and iterative dissection of the pedicle for a more distal repositioning. No @entity4 was found on the legs. At the last review, all the @entity6 were cured. DISCUSSION: The soleus island flap, distally vascularized on the posterior tibial artery, is a reliable flap, useful for the coverage of the distal leg, from the ankle to the very distal foot. Harvesting a major artery at the leg should be weighed against the failure of a free flap in high risk @entity0 .

title: [Coverage of XXXX of the ankle and the foot using a soleus muscle island flap, vascularized with retrograde flow on the posterior tibial artery. A seven cases report].

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify when, from the standpoint of relative risk, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based screening may be effective in @entity0 with a known or suspected genetic predisposition to @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors developed a Markov model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The model was calibrated to National @entity1 Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data and informed by the literature. A hypothetical screening strategy was evaluated in which all population individuals underwent one-time MR imaging screening at age 50 years. Screening outcomes for individuals with an average risk for @entity3 ("base case") were compared with those for individuals at an increased risk to assess for differential benefits in populations with a known or suspected genetic predisposition. Effects of varying key inputs, including MR imaging performance, surgical mortality, and screening age, were evaluated with a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS In the base case, screening resulted in a small number of @entity1 deaths averted (39 of 100 000 @entity0 , 38 of 100 000 @entity0 ) and a net decrease in life expectancy (-3 days for @entity0 , -4 days for @entity0 ), which was driven by unnecessary pancreatic surgeries associated with false-positive results. Life expectancy gains were achieved if an individual's risk for @entity3 exceeded 2.4 ( @entity0 ) or 2.7 ( @entity0 ) times that of the general population. When relative risk increased further, for example to 30 times that of the general population, averted @entity1 deaths and life expectancy gains increased substantially (1219 of 100 000 @entity0 , life expectancy gain: 65 days; 1204 of 100 000 @entity0 , life expectancy gain: 71 days). In addition, results were sensitive to MR imaging specificity and the surgical mortality rate. CONCLUSION: Although @entity3 screening with MR imaging for the entire population is not effective, individuals with even modestly increased risk may benefit.

title: Targeted screening of individuals at high risk for XXXX : results of a simulation model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To achieve high efficiency @entity1 ion batteries (LIBs), an effective active material is important. In this regard, monodisperse mesoporous @entity2 beads (MMTBs) featuring well interconnected nanoparticles were synthesised, and their mesoporous properties were tuned to study how these affect the electrochemical performance in LIBs. Two pore diameters of 15 and 25 nm, three bead diameters of 360, 800 and 2100 nm, and various annealing temperatures (from 300 to 650   C) were investigated. The electrochemical results showed that while the pore size does not significantly influence the electrochemical behaviour, the specific surface area and the nanocrystal size affect the performance. Also, there is an optimum annealing temperature that enhances electron transfer across the titania bead structure. The @entity0 content employed in the electrode was varied, showing that the bead diameter strongly influences the minimal content of the conductive @entity0 required to fabricate the electrode. As a general rule, the smaller the bead diameter, the more @entity0 was required in the electrode. A large energy capacity and high current rate performance were achieved on the MMTBs featuring high surface area, nano-sized anatase crystals and well-sintered connections between the nanocrystals. The high stability of these mesoporous structures was demonstrated by charge/discharge cycling up to 500 cycles. Devices constructed with the MMTBs retained more than 80% of the initial capacity, indicating an excellent performance.

title: Monodisperse mesoporous anatase beads as high performance and safer anodes for XXXX ion batteries.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The retroviral genome consists of an intron-containing transcript that has essential cytoplasmic functions in the infected cell. This viral transcript can escape splicing, circumvent the nuclear checkpoint mechanisms and be transported to the cytoplasm by hijacking the host machinery. Once in the cytoplasm, viral unspliced RNA acts as mRNA to be translated and as genomic RNA to be packaged into nascent viruses. The @entity0 @entity1 virus (MLV) is among the first retroviruses discovered and is classified as simple Retroviridae due to its minimal encoding capacity. The oncogenic and transduction abilities of MLV are extensively studied, whereas surprisingly the crucial step of its nuclear export has remained unsolved until 2014. Recent work has revealed the recruitment by MLV of the cellular @entity2 / @entity2 -dependent pathway for export. Unconventionally, MLV uses of @entity2 to export both spliced and unspliced viral RNAs. Unlike other retroviruses, MLV does not harbor a unique RNA signal for export. Indeed, multiple sequences throughout the MLV genome appear to promote export of the unspliced MLV RNA. We review here the current understanding of the export mechanism and highlight the determinants that influence MLV export. As the molecular mechanism of MLV export is elucidated, we will gain insight into the contribution of the export pathway to the cytoplasmic fate of the viral RNA.

title: Insights into the nuclear export of @entity0 XXXX virus intron-containing RNA.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Randomized controlled studies show that screening mammograms are as important for @entity1 aged 40-49 as for @entity1 50 years old and above. It was the improper use of retrospective, unplanned, sub-group analysis to advise @entity1 and their physicians that caused the controversy over mammograms for @entity1 under 50. Furthermore, arbitrarily grouping @entity1 into two groups leads to the incorrect conclusion that the age of 50 is a significant break point when it is not. The data demonstrates that none of the parameters of screening change abruptly at age 50. The recall rates (an abnormal mammogram) and the rate at which biopsies are recommended are virtually the same, regardless of age. @entity0 is not a trivial problem for @entity1 in their forties. More than 30% of the years of life lost to @entity0 are from @entity1 diagnosed while in their forties. Because of changing demographics, in 1995 and 1996, there were actually more @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 in their forties than for @entity1 in their fifties. The data clearly show that screening @entity1 for @entity0 , on an annual basis, beginning by age 40, can reduce the death rate by approximately 24%. It is important to separate medical and scientific analyses from the economic considerations. "Society" may decide that it is too expensive to screen @entity1 for @entity0 , but @entity1 should be provided with the scientific and medical information so that they can participate in the discussion of whether screening is "worthwhile" and decide whether or not to avail themselves of its benefit. The economics should not be used to influence the scientific and medical analysis of benefit.

title: An overview of the XXXX screening controversy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Severe @entity5 sometimes develops despite normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Ppw). The equation describing net transvascular flux of lung liquid predicts decreased @entity1 when hydrostatic pressure is reduced or when colloid osmotic pressure is increased in the pulmonary vessels. We tested these predictions in a model of pulmonary capillary leak produced in 35 @entity3 by intravenous @entity7 . 1 h later, the @entity3 were divided into five equal groups and treated for 4 h in different ways: (a) not treated, to serve as the control group (Ppw = 11.1 mm Hg); (b) given albumin to increase colloid osmotic pressure by 5 mm Hg (Ppw = 10.6 mm Hg); (c) ventilated with 10 cm @entity8 positive end-expiratory pressure (Peep) (transmural Ppw = 10.4 mm Hg); (d) phlebotomized to reduce Ppw to 6 mm Hg; (e) infused with @entity4 , which also reduced Ppw to 6 mm Hg. Phlebotomy and @entity4 reduced the @entity1 in excised lungs by 50% (P< 0.001), but Peep and albumin did not affect the @entity1 . Pulmonary shunt decreased on Peep and increased on @entity4 , and lung compliance was not different among the treatment groups, demonstrating that these variables are poor indicators of changes in @entity1 . Cardiac output decreased during the treatment period in all but the @entity4 group, where Ppw decreased and cardiac output did not. We conclude that @entity3 @entity7 @entity5 is reduced by small reductions in hydrostatic pressure, but not by increased colloid osmotic pressure, because the vascular permeability to liquid and protein is increased. These results suggest that low pressure @entity5 may be reduced by seeking the lowest Ppw consistent with adequate cardiac output enhanced by vasoactive agents like @entity4 . Further, colloid infusions and Peep are not helpful in reducing @entity1 , so they may be used in the lowest amount that provides adequate circulating volume and arterial @entity6 saturation on nontoxic inspired @entity6 . Until these therapeutic principles receive adequate clinical trial, they provide a rationale for carefully monitored @entity2 in treating @entity0 with pulmonary capillary leak.

title: Treatment of acute low pressure @entity5 in @entity3 : relative effects of hydrostatic and oncotic pressure, XXXX , and positive end-expiratory pressure.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The biochemical basis for the functional heterogeneity of @entity0 blood platelets was investigated in terms of protein phosphorylation, cytoplasmic @entity2 ([ @entity1 ]i), the ratio of 46 and 50 kDa @entity9 ( @entity9 ), and @entity6 -binding proteins (G-proteins). Platelets were fractionated by density. Comparing resting low-density platelets (LDP) to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) revealed higher phosphorylation of proteins in the 47, 31, and 24 kDa ranges. A higher phosphorylation of the 20 kDa protein in LDP compared to @entity5 was related to an enhanced [ @entity1 ]i, an increased @entity3 -ribosylation of the inhibitory G-protein (G(i alpha1-3)) and @entity7 , and a decreased @entity3 -ribosylation of the stimulatory G-protein (G(s alpha)). The differences in the ribosylation patterns of the subpopulations were not influenced by thrombin stimulation or exposure to @entity8 ( @entity8 ). An 18 kDa phosphoprotein was more highly phosphorylated in resting @entity5 than in LDP. Thrombin exposure caused dephosphorylation of the 18 kDa phosphoprotein in the @entity5 , but generally increased phosphorylation of both @entity5 and LDP in the 47, 31, 24, and 20 kDa bands. Preincubation with @entity8 or @entity4 diminished the subsequent thrombin-induced increase in phosphorylation, particularly in @entity5 . In unstimulated @entity5 , the 50 kDa @entity9 phospho form was enhanced, whereas in unstimulated LDP the 46 kDa @entity9 dephospho form was increased. Our findings suggest that the functional heterogeneity of platelets is partly derived from differences in signal transduction mechanisms reflected in varying phosphoprotein patterns and G-protein properties of platelet stimulatory and inhibitory pathways.

title: Analysis of GTP-binding proteins, phosphoproteins, and cytosolic @entity2 in functional heterogeneous XXXX blood platelet subpopulations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Disturbed sleep is a common complaint in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The majority of the research investigating relationships between sleep and @entity0 -reported outcomes in @entity4 has focused on @entity2 and @entity3 . Poor sleep may also affect disability, though this association has not been explored in @entity4 . The present study represents a cross-sectional examination of the relationship between @entity1 and functional disability in 162 @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity3 , @entity2 severity, and @entity6 were examined as separate mediators of the relationship between @entity1 and disability. METHODS: The sample had an average age of 58.47 years, and 76% were female. @entity0 completed the following questionnaires as part of a medication adherence intervention study: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck @entity3 Inventory-II, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. RESULTS: Poor @entity1 was significantly correlated with higher levels of @entity3 , greater @entity2 severity, @entity5 . Hierarchical regression analyses showed that @entity1 was not associated with functional disability when @entity3 , @entity2 severity, and @entity6 were entered into the model. Separate mediation analyses of @entity3 , @entity2 severity, and @entity6 revealed that @entity2 severity and @entity6 were mediators of the relationship between @entity1 and disability. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality has an indirect effect on functional disability through its relationship with @entity2 severity and @entity6 . Future research should investigate whether improvements in sleep can reduce disability in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Sleep quality and functional disability in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The demonstrated clinical efficacy of a @entity5 virus (rVSV) vaccine vector has stimulated the investigation of additional serologically distinct Vesiculovirus vectors as therapeutic and/or prophylactic vaccine vectors to combat emerging @entity3 . Amongst these viral threats are encephalitic alphaviruses, Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitic viruses ( @entity7 , EEEV), which have demonstrated potential for natural disease outbreaks, yet no licensed vaccines are available in the event of an epidemic. Here we report rescue of recombinant @entity8 (rISFV) from genomic cDNA as a potential new vaccine vector platform. The rISFV genome was modified to attenuate virulence and engineered to express @entity7 and EEEV E2/E1 surface glycoproteins as vaccine antigens. A single dose of the rISFV vaccine vectors elicited neutralizing antibody responses and protected @entity1 from lethal @entity7 and EEEV challenge at one month post-vaccination as well as lethal @entity7 challenge at eight months post-vaccination. A mixture of rISFV vectors expressing @entity7 and EEEV E2/E1 glycoproteins also provided durable, single-dose protection from lethal @entity7 and EEEV challenge, demonstrating the potential for a multivalent vaccine formulation. These findings were paralleled in studies with an attenuated form of rVSV expressing @entity7 E2/E1 glycoproteins. Both rVSV and rISFV vectors were attenuated using an approach which has demonstrated safety in @entity0 trials of an rVSV/ @entity4 vaccine. @entity6 based on either of these vaccine vector platforms may present a safe and effective approach to prevent alphavirus induced disease in @entity0 . IMPORTANCE: This work introduces rISFV as a novel vaccine vector platform that is serologically distinct and phylogenetically distant from VSV. The rISFV vector has been attenuated by an approach used for an rVSV vector that has demonstrated safety in clinical studies. The vaccine potential of the rISFV vector was investigated in a well-established alphavirus disease model. The findings indicate the feasibility of producing a safe, efficacious, multivalent vaccine against the encephalitic alphaviruses @entity7 and EEEV, both of which can cause @entity2 . The work also demonstrates efficacy of an attenuated rVSV vector that has already demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in multiple @entity4 Phase I clinical studies. The absence of serological cross-reactivity between rVSV and rISFV and their phylogenetic divergence within the Vesiculovirus genus indicates potential for two stand-alone vaccine vector platforms that could be used to target multiple bacterial and/or viral agents in successive immunization campaigns, or as heterologous prime-boost agents.

title: Recombinant @entity8 and XXXX virus vaccine vectors provide durable, multivalent, single dose protection against lethal alphavirus challenge.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) alone can cause much morbidity, but when present in conjunction with @entity3 , complications and morbidity increase even more. This study investigated the clinical and laboratory findings in @entity0 who had @entity10 with and without @entity2 and evaluated the most suitable diagnostic value for @entity3 parameters before urine culture results were available. In a prospective fashion, @entity0 who presented to the emergency department with a complaint of @entity6 (with or without @entity5 ) and who were diagnosed as having @entity7 with ultrasound were evaluated for 1 year. The gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity3 was urine culture. The most suitable diagnostic value for @entity3 parameters was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Logistic regression was used to identify independent variables that predicted a positive urine culture. Of the 192 eligible @entity0 , 177 agreed to participate in the study. Of the clinical and laboratory characteristics analyzed, urine WBC, blood WBC, and @entity1 were significantly different between culture positive and negative @entity0 (p < 0.001, p = 0.04 p = 0.012, respectively). Using ROC curve analysis, @entity9 (over 10 WBCs per HPF), @entity1 over 37.9  C, and leucocytosis over 11,300 were the best predictors of a positive culture result. The logistic regression model for @entity4 >11,300 ( @entity8 ), @entity9 (OR 2.8), and temperature >37.9  C (OR 3.1) showed a significantly increased risk of having a positive urine culture (correct class 87.9%). While a single physical examination or laboratory finding cannot predict @entity3 in @entity10 @entity0 with complete reliability, the presence of pyruria, @entity1 , and @entity4 significantly increases the odds of a positive urine culture.

title: A multicenter case-control study of diagnostic tests for XXXX in the presence of @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of combination chemotherapy regimens in the management of @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 resistant to @entity8 compounds has not yet been defined. This multicenter prospective phase II study evaluated the activity and @entity3 of the @entity9 -plus- @entity13 combination in @entity2 @entity0 whose @entity1 were resistant to @entity8 compounds and who had been exposed to @entity11 . Treatment consisted of @entity9 60 mg/m2 i.v. followed by @entity13 200 mg/m2 i.v. both on day 1 followed by prophylactic recombinant @entity0 @entity10 (rhG-CSF) support from days 2 to 6, every 3 weeks. Thirty-one @entity0 were enrolled in the study. The median age was 60 years, and the median performance status (ECOG) was 1. Eight (26%) @entity0 had @entity1 resistant to @entity8 , while the rest of the population had @entity1 recurrence within 6 months from the last @entity7 treatment. Four chemotherapy cycles per @entity0 were administered, with the delivered dose intensity at 75% of the planned dose for both agents. Among 30 @entity0 evaluable for response, there were 2 (7%) complete and 4 (14%) partial responses (overall response rate 20%; (95% confidence interval, CI, 11%-33%). Stable disease was recorded in 8 (28%) @entity0 and progressive disease in 15 (51%). The median response duration was 4.5 months (range, 3-12), the median time to progression 5 months (range, 2-17) and the median survival 11 months (range, 1-40); the 1-year survival was almost 50%. Myelotoxicity was moderate, with grade 3 and 4 @entity12 occurring in 23% of the @entity0 , grade 3-4 @entity6 in 6% and @entity12 in 13%. Grade 3 @entity5 was observed in 2% of the @entity0 . There was one treatment-related @entity4 due to sepsis. In conclusion, the combination of @entity9 plus @entity13 with rhG-CSF support, appears to be a moderately effective regimen with acceptable @entity3 for @entity8 -resistant, @entity11 -pretreated @entity2 @entity0 . Further investigation in comparative studies is required to define the role of combination versus single agent chemotherapy in this group of @entity0 .

title: @entity9 in combination with @entity13 ( @entity13 ) in @entity8 -resistant XXXX -pretreated @entity2 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared resorbable plates with @entity4 plates for treatment of combined mandibular angle and symphyseal @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 with mandibular angle and symphysis @entity1 were divided into two groups. The control (T) group received @entity4 plates while the experimental (R) group received resorbable plates. All procedures were carried out under general anesthesia using standard surgical techniques. We compared the frequency of wound dehiscence, development of @entity3 , @entity5 , malunion, screw breakage, and any other technical difficulties between the two groups. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity0 were included in the R group, where 39 resorbable plates were applied. The T group consisted of 16 @entity0 who received 48 @entity4 plates. The mean age in the R and T groups was 28.29 and 24.23 years, respectively. Primary healing of the fractured mandible was obtained in all @entity0 in both groups. @entity2 were minor and transient. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the rates of various complications between the two groups. Breakage of 3 screws during the perioperative period was seen in the R group, while no screws or plates were broken in the T group. CONCLUSION: Resorbable plates can be used to stabilize combined mandibular angle and symphysis @entity1 .

title: Comparison of resorbable plates and @entity4 plates for fixation stability of combined mandibular symphysis and angle XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We previously reported that a missense mutation at codon 121 (CGG( @entity3 ) to TGG(Trp), @entity6 ) of @entity5 may be associated with the onset of @entity2 2 @entity1 in Japanese. In this study, we determined the frequency of the @entity6 mutation of @entity5 and characterized the prodiabetic phenotype in a population-based study. Healthy 372 residents participated in annual health check-ups in Nishihara (Okinawa, Japan) and unrelated 193 @entity2 2 @entity1 @entity0 from the outpatient clinic of Ryukyu University Hospital were enrolled. Diagnosis of @entity1 was based on the 1997 American @entity1 Association criteria. The @entity6 mutation in @entity5 was genotyped by PCR-RFLP analysis. In healthy residents, @entity6 mutation was detected in 12 of 372 residents (3.1%). The prevalence of newly diagnosed @entity2 3 @entity1 (25% vs. 5%, p=0.004) and HbA(1c) (5.6+/-1.9 vs. 5.1+/-0.7, p=0.026) was higher in the variants than in the wild-types. The odds ratio of @entity1 in the @entity6 variants was 5.98 with 95% confidence interval from 1.50 to 23.9. The @entity6 mutation was observed in 12 of the 193 @entity2 2 @entity1 @entity0 (6.2%). Onset-ages of @entity1 were earlier (37+/-10 vs. 47+/-13 years, p=0.010) and the rate of @entity4 user was two times higher (83% vs. 41%, p=0.005) in the variants. The @entity6 mutation in @entity5 is a predisposing factor for the development of @entity2 2 @entity1 in Okinawans.

title: @entity5 mutation ( XXXX ) as a prodiabetic variant in Okinawans.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a serious complication of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and may cause significant morbidity and even death. There is no effective prophylactic intervention for @entity0 with average risk yet. This study aims to investigate preventive effect of aggressive hydration for post- @entity4 @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a double-blind controlled setting, 150 @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer's solution (3 mL/kg/h during @entity4 , followed by a 20 mL/kg bolus and 3 mL/kg/h for 8 h after the procedure, n = 75) or standard amount of hydration (1.5 mL/kg/h during and for 8 h after @entity4 , n = 75). @entity0 were observed for @entity3 as well as @entity1 and serum levels of amylase at baseline and 2, 8, and 24 h after @entity4 . Post- @entity4 @entity2 was defined as @entity5 (level of amylase >300) and @entity1 during the 24 h follow-up. @entity5 and @entity1 were the secondary end points. RESULTS: Mean age of the @entity0 was 50.8    13.5 years. Most of the @entity0 were female (66%). @entity2 developed in 21 @entity0 , including 22.7% of @entity0 receiving standard hydration and 5.3% @entity0 receiving aggressive hydration (P = 0.002). @entity5 was detected in 44.0% of @entity0 receiving standard hydration and 22.7% of @entity0 aggressive hydration (P = 0.006). The @entity1 was reported by 5.3% of @entity0 receiving aggressive hydration and 37.3% of @entity0 receiving standard hydration (P  <= 0.005). CONCLUSION: Aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer's solution may effectively prevent post- @entity4 @entity2 as well as @entity5 and @entity1 in @entity0 with average risk.

title: Aggressive hydration with Lactated Ringer's solution as the prophylactic intervention for postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography XXXX : A randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is considerable interest in the possibility of an infectious etiology for @entity1 @entity0 . Although studies have shown that certain strains of @entity3 transmit @entity2 virus via breast milk, few epidemiologic studies have addressed this topic in @entity1 . METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between having been breast-fed as an @entity1 and @entity0 risk among 8299 @entity1 who participated in a population-based, case-control study of @entity0 in @entity1 aged 50 years or more. Case @entity1 were identified through @entity2 registries in three states (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin); control @entity1 were identified through statewide driver's license lists (age <65 years) or Medicare lists (ages 65-79 years). Information on epidemiologic risk factors was obtained through telephone interview. We used multiple logistic regression to assess having been breast-fed and maternal history of @entity0 in relation to @entity0 occurrence both in premenopausal @entity1 (205 case @entity1 ; 220 control @entity1 ) and in postmenopausal @entity1 (3803 case @entity1 ; 4071 control @entity1 ). RESULTS: We found no evidence that having been breast-fed @entity0 risk in either premenopausal @entity1 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41-1.04) or postmenopausal @entity1 (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.85-1.07). In addition, @entity0 risk was not increased by having been breast-fed by a mother who later developed @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the hypothesis that a transmissible agent in breast milk increases @entity0 risk. Because premenopausal @entity1 were not well represented in our study population, our findings with regard to this group may not be generalizable and should be viewed with caution.

title: Exposure to breast milk in infancy and adult XXXX risk.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   Temporalis myofascial @entity2 is a versatile @entity2 for reconstruction of the oral cavity defects, but results in an esthetically compromised deformity at the donor site. We used @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cement to correct the volume loss defect caused by temporalis myofascial @entity2 and evaluated its results before and after adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods   We discuss our experience of using @entity3 cement to augment donor-site deformity in 25 @entity0 (17 males, 8 females) between years 2005 and 2009. The primary defect was a result of the ablative surgery for @entity1 . A modified curved hemicoronal incision was used as an access for better cosmetic outcome. The volume of cement required was decided during the surgery. Results   All @entity0 are in regular follow-up, alive and free of complications at implant site, except one @entity0 who developed wound dehiscence. The condition of the implant was evaluated by postoperative computed tomographic scan, repeated after adjuvant radiotherapy in cases required. There were no radiation-induced changes in the contour and volume of the implants. Cosmetic result of the implant was reported satisfactory by the @entity0 postoperatively. Conclusion   Restoration of the temporal area defect after the temporalis myofascial @entity2 harvest with the use of @entity3 cement is an easy and safe method, with excellent esthetic results. The implant is stable and resistant to any changes in contour and loss of volume even after adjuvant radiotherapy, with no added morbidity to the @entity0 .

title: Use of @entity3 -Based Cement for Cosmetic Correction of Donor-Site Defect following Transposition of Temporalis Myofascial XXXX and Evaluation of Results after Adjuvant Radiotherapy.

answer: @entity2