abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare @entity2 ( @entity2 ) among @entity1 treated with @entity5 and chemotherapy, two commonly-used treatments for hormone-receptor-positive/ @entity1 -epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-negative (HR+/ @entity4 -) metastatic @entity0 (mBC). METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 with HR+/ @entity4 - mBC who initiated >= 1 new line of therapy for mBC during 7/20/2012-3/31/2014 after a non-steroidal-aromatase-inhibitor were identified from MarketScan and PharMetrics databases (2002Q1-2014Q2) using a claims-based algorithm. @entity1 were classified into treatment groups by regimen and line of therapy, and were followed until discontinuation of therapy, end of insurance eligibility, or data cut-off (06/30/2014). Discontinuation was defined as a treatment gap of >= 60 days; @entity1 who did not discontinue were censored at the end of follow-up. @entity2 was compared between @entity5 , chemotherapy, and @entity3 monotherapy using Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariable Cox models adjusting for line of therapy, age, insurance, de novo mBC diagnosis, prior use of chemotherapy for mBC, sites of metastases, and Charlson comorbidity index. RESULTS: Across the first four lines of therapies for mBC, a total of 940 @entity5 , 3,410 chemotherapy, and 721 @entity3 monotherapy regimens were included. Based on the different lines of therapies, the median @entity2 ranged from 5.5 to 7.2 months for @entity5 , 4.3 to 4.7 months for chemotherapy, and 3.5 to 6.0 months for @entity3 monotherapy. Pooling all lines of therapies, @entity5 was associated with significantly longer @entity2 compared to chemotherapy (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-0.76) or @entity3 monotherapy (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.83). Longer @entity2 was consistently observed for @entity5 for each line of therapy. LIMITATIONS: Proxies used for identifying HR+/ @entity4 - mBC and treatment line, lack of certain clinical factors in claims data, generalizability limited to commercially-insured @entity1 in the US. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that HR+/ @entity4 - mBC @entity1 receiving @entity5 experienced significantly longer @entity2 than those receiving chemotherapy overall or @entity3 monotherapy.

title: Time on treatment of @entity5 and chemotherapy among postmenopausal XXXX with HR+/ @entity4 - metastatic @entity0 : A retrospective claims study in the US.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Study objectives were to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 with levodopa-induced @entity3 . Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, in- @entity0 studies for @entity1 @entity0 with moderate to severe levodopa-induced @entity3 (study 1) and severe levodopa-induced @entity3 (study 2) on stable dopaminergic therapy were performed. @entity0 received 25-150 mg @entity4 or placebo twice daily for 16 days (both studies). Study 2 included a 4-day down-titration. Primary outcomes were the Lang-Fahn Activities of Daily Living @entity3 Scale (study 1), the modified @entity3 Scale (study 2), and the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale-part III (both studies). Secondary outcomes included the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale-part IV items 32-33. The primary analysis was change from baseline to day 16 on all outcomes. Treatment differences were assessed. Fifteen @entity0 were randomized to @entity4 and 16 to placebo in study 1; 14 @entity0 were randomized to each group in study 2. @entity4 -treated @entity0 showed significant improvements in @entity3 on day 16 versus placebo (eg, Lang-Fahn Activities of Daily Living @entity3 Scale, P = .021 [study 1]; modified @entity3 Scale, P = .032 [study 2]). No significant changes were seen from baseline on day 16 on the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale-part III in either study. Adverse events were reported in both studies, including dizziness. Serious adverse events (most commonly worsening of @entity3 , apparently associated with stopping treatment) were reported by 4 @entity4 -treated @entity0 in study 1, and 3 @entity0 (2 @entity4 -treated @entity0 and 1 in the placebo group) in study 2. @entity4 showed a clinically relevant and significant antidyskinetic effect without changing the antiparkinsonian effects of dopaminergic therapy.    2011 @entity2 Society.

title: XXXX treatment of levodopa-induced @entity3 : results of 2 randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vestibular @entity2 (VM) has gained recognition as a distinct clinical entity in recent years. The pathophysiology is unclear. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is a validated method to test the vestibulocollic reflex and peripheral @entity1 to noise. The aim of our study was to evaluate the vestibular function and sensitivity in a series of VM @entity0 in comparison to ordinary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 and healthy controls. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity0 diagnosed with VM according to the Neuhauser criteria, 32 migraineurs, and 30 healthy @entity0 underwent VEMP testing (response and sound intensity threshold) and a @entity3 susceptibility questionnaire. RESULTS: We found absence of unilateral or bilateral VEMP response at 90      dB normal hearing level (nHL) in 44% of the VM @entity0 , in 25% of the migraineurs, as compared to in 3% of the healthy controls (p      =      0.001). The sound intensity threshold and latencies were similar in all the groups. Migraineurs (VM   >   @entity2 ) reported more @entity3 than healthy controls (p      =         0.006). CONCLUSION: The results indicate more pathology in the VEMP circuitry in migraineurs than in healthy controls. We did not find support for peripheral @entity1 in terms of lower VEMP threshold among VM @entity0 , but they are more sensitive for motion triggers than other migraineurs.

title: Vestibular sensitivity in vestibular @entity2 : VEMPs and XXXX susceptibility.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide guidelines for safe implantation of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in small and pediatric eyes to avoid contact between the optic nerve (ON) and the posterior edge of the @entity2 plate. METHODS: We developed a formula for calculating limbus-to-ON distance to estimate the available "real estate" for @entity2 placement in small eyes. The formula was validated using eyes of pediatric decedents undergoing clinical autopsy, with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of 15-24  mm. For each autopsy eye, we measured @entity1 , anterior chamber depth, corneal diameter, and limbus-to-ON distances for the four eye quadrants. The main outcome measure was the degree of agreement between measured and calculated limbus-to-ON distances. RESULTS: A total of 15 autopsy eyes were divided into derivation (n  =  10) and validation (n  =  5) groups. A formula was derived to estimate superotemporal limbus-to-ON distance (DST) using @entity1 and corneal diameter data. Linear regression showed excellent correlation between the measured DST and @entity1 (R(2)  =  0.98). There was excellent agreement between measured and calculated limbus-to-ON values for all four eye quadrants (R(2) range, 0.92-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Our formula accurately predicts limbus-to-ON distances across a wide range of clinically relevant ALs. Based on this information, @entity2 surgery in small eyes can be adjusted by positioning the @entity2 closer to the limbus or by trimming the posterior edge of the @entity2 plate. To our knowledge, this is the first set of guidelines developed to promote safe implantation of @entity0 in small eyes.

title: Staying away from the optic nerve: a formula for modifying XXXX drainage device surgery in pediatric and other small eyes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Double inversion recovery (DIR) detects only a minority (<20%) of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) was suggested to be substantially superior to DIR in the detection of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). These two sequences might be complementary. OBJECTIVES: To analyze @entity2 frequency and type in @entity1 @entity0 having @entity3 , including @entity0 at clinical onset, and to discern more correctly the artifacts, by combining DIR and PSIR images. @entity0 AND METHODS: 40 @entity0 were enrolled in the study: 10 clinically isolated syndrome/early @entity4 (CIS/eRRMS), 24 @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 6 secondary progressive @entity1 (SPMS). DIR and PSIR images were jointly used to classify lesions as purely intracortical (IC), leukocortical (LC) and juxtacortical (JC). RESULTS: PSIR disclosed @entity2 in 100% of the @entity0 and was capable of identifying more than four times lesions (455.5%, p<0.00001), especially IC (mean numbers: 36.5 @entity4 , 45.0 in @entity4 and 52.3 in SPMS) and LC (mean numbers: 10.9 @entity4 , 20.1 in @entity4 and 25.3 in SPMS), compared to DIR (p<0.00001). @entity2 number was significantly higher in SPMS compared to @entity4 (p<0.0001). Artifacts were more accurately identified by comparing the two sequences. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the higher ability of PSIR in disclosing and classifying @entity2 . The presence of @entity2 in all CIS @entity0 further points out the relevance of cortical pathology in @entity1 . Whether the parallel analysis of DIR and PSIR images may be useful for diagnostic purposes, especially when a diagnosis of @entity1 is suspected but not confirmed by routine MRI, needs to be evaluated in larger @entity0 series. The analysis of the cortex by DIR and PSIR may also allow a better stratification of the @entity0 for prognostic and counseling purposes, as well as for their inclusion in clinical studies.

title: The Parallel Analysis of Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) and Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) Images Significantly Improves the Detection of Cortical Lesions in XXXX ( @entity1 ) since Clinical Onset.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the application of lung ultrasound (US) in the evaluation and implementation of @entity2 maneuvers in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with saline lavage-induced @entity5 were randomly divided into 2 groups: one with @entity2 guided by lung US and the other with @entity2 guided by maximal oxygenation. Recruitment maneuvers were applied according to a stepwise incremental positive end-expiratory pressure method in both groups. In the oxygenation group, a sum of the partial pressures of @entity0 and @entity3 exceeding 400 mm Hg was used to define adequate recruitment. In the lung US group, a new protocol for reaeration in US-guided lung recruitment was used to guide treatment. Evaluation by lung US, respiratory mechanical parameters, the Smith pathologic score (Crit Care Med 1997; 25:1888-1897), and wet-to-dry ratio were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Opening pressure was significantly higher in the lung US group (mean    SD, 23.4    3.4 cm @entity6 ) than the oxygenation group (18.7    2.1 cm @entity6 ; P < .05). The reaeration score in the lung US group significantly increased during @entity2 (6.5    1.6 points at baseline versus 13.8    3.0 points after completion; P < .05). Lung compliance, dead space shunts, the Smith pathologic score, and tissue wet-to-dry ratio, however, were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lung US is an effective means of evaluating and guiding @entity2 in @entity4 . Compared with the maximal oxygenation-guided method, the protocol for reaeration in US-guided lung recruitment achieved a higher opening pressure, resulted in greater improvements in lung aeration, and substantially reduced lung heterogeneity in @entity4 .

title: Use of Lung Ultrasound to Assess the Efficacy of an Alveolar Recruitment Maneuver in @entity1 With Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Defects in the DNA mismatch repair proteins result in @entity3 and @entity1 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, the role of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in transitional cell @entity4 is less clear. In our study, the expression of 2 MMR proteins and the frequency of @entity4 ( @entity9 ) were investigated. One hundred eleven @entity0 with @entity9 of the bladder were studied, with complete clinicopathological data (median follow up of 5 years, range 5-16 years). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of @entity8 and @entity6 . Microsatellite analysis for 14 loci (10 loci from the Bethesda consensus panel and the repeats in the TGFbetaR2, @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity7 genes) was performed on 84 @entity1 . Reduced expression of either MMR protein was seen in 26 of 111 @entity1 (23%). Reduced expression was seen more commonly in muscle invasive (p<0.03) and high grade @entity9 (p<0.03) than in superficial, low grade @entity1 . By 5 years, reduced expression of either MMR protein was associated with fewer recurrences of superficial @entity1 (p=0.015) and fewer relapses in all @entity1 (p=0.03), compared to @entity1 with normal expression. Nine @entity1 had reduced expression of both MMR proteins, analysis which suggests a synergistic reduction in expression (p=0.001). MMR expression was related to @entity0 age, younger @entity0 being more likely to have reduced MMR expression than older @entity0 (p<0.01). @entity3 was seen at multiple loci in 1 @entity1 (1%) and at a single locus in 6 @entity1 (7%). @entity3 was not associated with MMR expression. Our findings indicate that reduced expression of the MMR proteins may have an important contribution in the development of a subset of TCCs and suggest a potential role for MMR expression as prognostic indicators.

title: Differential expression of @entity8 and XXXX is related to @entity4 grade, stage and prognosis but not @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We evaluated @entity2 , a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), as an antinociceptive supplement to chloral @entity3 anesthesia in @entity0 . Effects of @entity2 on main olfactory bulb (MOB) neuronal spontaneous activity were investigated using extracellular recordings in @entity0 in vivo. These effects were compared with those of another nociceptive supplement, the mu-opioid agonist @entity1 . @entity2 (100 or 200 mg/kg) did not significantly alter MOB single-unit spontaneous rates in either ICR or C57BL/6J @entity0 . In contrast, @entity1 , at doses of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.20 mg/kg, inhibited MOB neuronal spontaneous rates by 19%, 49%, and 57%, respectively. Neither drug altered the temporal patterning of single-unit spike trains, as measured by the interspike interval (ISI) coefficient of variation (CV). We also investigated the ability of @entity2 and @entity1 to induce antinociception in the anesthetized @entity0 . The electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to measure the anesthetic plane. Both @entity2 and @entity1 altered the EEG trace and @entity2 altered the power spectrum in a manner consistent with deepening anesthesia. Lastly, when applied at the time of anesthesia induction, @entity2 decreased the amount of chloral @entity3 necessary to maintain a defined anesthetic plane during the rest of the experiment. These results suggest that @entity2 induces antinociception under chloral @entity3 anesthesia without significantly inhibiting spontaneous activity of MOB neurons. @entity2 is therefore suitable as an antinociceptive supplement to chloral @entity3 anesthesia during in vivo electrophysiologic recordings of the @entity0 MOB.

title: The effects of analgesic supplements on neural activity in the main olfactory bulb of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity3 regulates the stability of microtubules within neurons in the central nervous system. In turn, microtubules are responsible for the remodeling of the cytoskeleton that ultimately leads to the formation or pruning of new connections among neurons. As a consequence, dysfunction of tau is associated with many forms of @entity1 as well as @entity0 . In the brain, tau activity is regulated by its phosphorylation state. Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that adds a @entity5 group to the side chain of an @entity4 . Phosphorylation at key locations in the tau sequence leads to a higher or lower affinity for microtubules. In @entity0 , tau is present in an abnormal phosphorylation state. However, studying the effect of phosphorylation experimentally has been extremely challenging as there is no viable way of exactly selecting the location and the number of phosphorylated sites. For this reason, researchers have turned to pseudophosphorylation. In this technique, actual phosphorylation is mimicked by mutating the selected @entity4 into @entity2 or @entity6 . Whether this methodology is equivalent to actual phosphorylation is still open to debate. In this study, we will show that phosphorylation and pseudophosphorylation are not exactly equivalent. Although for larger aggregates the two techniques lead to similar structures, the kinetics of the process may be altered. In addition, very little is known about the impact that this may have on the early stages of aggregation, such as nucleation and conformational rearrangement. In this study, we show that the two methods may produce a similar ensemble of conformations, even though the kinetic and chemical details that lead to it are quite different.

title: Impact of Phosphorylation and Pseudophosphorylation on the Early Stages of Aggregation of the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concomitant high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a combined surgical procedure intended to improve kinematics and kinetics in the unstable ACL-deficient knee with @entity2 and medial compartment knee @entity1 ( @entity1 ). PURPOSE: To investigate 5-year changes in gait biomechanics as well as radiographic and @entity0 -reported outcomes bilaterally after unilateral, concomitant medial opening wedge HTO and ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A total of 33 @entity0 (mean    SD age, 40    9 years) with @entity2 (mean mechanical axis angle, -5.9      2.9  ), medial compartment knee @entity1 , and @entity3 completed 3-dimensional gait analysis preoperatively and 2 and 5 years postoperatively. Primary outcomes were the peak external knee adduction (first peak) and flexion moments. Secondary outcomes were the peak external knee extension and transverse plane moments, peak knee angles in all 3 planes, radiographic static knee alignment measures (mechanical axis angle and posterior tibial slope), and the @entity4 and @entity1 Outcome Score (KOOS). RESULTS: There was a substantial decrease in the knee adduction moment in the surgical limb (%BW * @entity5 , -1.49; 95% CI, -1.75 to -1.22) and a slight increase in the nonsurgical limb (%BW * @entity5 , 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.30) from preoperatively to 5 years postoperatively. There was also a decrease in the knee flexion moment for both the surgical (%BW * @entity5 , -0.67; 95% CI, -1.19 to -0.15) and nonsurgical limbs (%BW * @entity5 , -1.06; 95% CI, -1.49 to -0.64). Secondary outcomes suggested that substantial improvements were maintained at 5 years, although smaller declines were observed in several measures and in both limbs from 2 to 5 years. CONCLUSION: Changes in the peak external moments about the knee in all 3 planes during walking were observed 5 years after concomitant medial opening wedge HTO and ACL reconstruction. These findings are consistent with an intended, sustained shift in the mediolateral distribution of knee loads. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings suggest that concomitant HTO and ACL reconstruction results in substantial changes in gait biomechanics. Future clinical research comparing treatment strategies is both warranted and required for this relatively uncommon but seemingly biomechanically efficacious procedure.

title: Five-Year Changes in Gait Biomechanics After Concomitant High Tibial Osteotomy and ACL Reconstruction in XXXX With Medial Knee Osteoarthritis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 with @entity3 (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial disease. The pathogenesis of CRSwNP remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the role of @entity1 and @entity5 @entity8 (SE) in this disease. The study included a total of 74 @entity0 with CRSwNP and 6 controls. A serum Phadiatop assay was conducted to detect atopy status, and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and total immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels were determined using ELISA. SEA, @entity7 , total IgE, ECP and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels in nasal tissue supernatant were measured using ELISA. The results indicated that 15 (22.1%) @entity0 had systemic @entity4 . On the basis of the ECP/ @entity6 ratio, the @entity0 were divided into an eosinophilic CRSwNP group (n=18) and a non-eosinophilic CRSwNP group (n=56). The total ECP/ @entity6 ratio was 0.572, with a notable bias toward @entity1 . The supernatant ECP and @entity6 levels were elevated in the CRSwNP group compared with the control group, but no significant difference in the serum total IgE and ECP levels were observed between the CRSwNP and control groups. In addition, the non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic CRSwNP groups showed significant elevations in supernatant total IgE, SEA and @entity7 levels compared with the control group. Thus, it may be concluded that @entity4 is a common pathogenesis of CRSwNP, and @entity1 is present in most Chinese CRSwNP @entity0 . Additionally, local indicators reflect the inflammatory status more accurately than do serum indicators. SEs may act as an infection factor rather than as a superantigen in Chinese non-eosinophilic CRSwNP @entity0 . Thus, long-term antibiotic therapy may be an option for Chinese non-eosinophilic CRSwNP @entity0 .

title: Different roles of @entity5 XXXX in different subtypes of @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a clinical problem that affects 28   -   42% of @entity0 undergoing treatment with @entity3 . @entity2 can be minimized by high volume hydration with @entity5 diuresis. Recent reports have shown that @entity3 induces depletion of Mg and that Mg supplementation can reduce @entity2 . We hypothesized that Mg infusion combined with low volume hydration may not be sufficient to overcome @entity3 -induced @entity2 . METHODS: In total, 85 @entity0 with @entity1 receiving their first cycle of @entity3 -based chemotherapy at the Osaka City University Hospital were classified into three groups: those administered high volume hydration without Mg infusion (high-volume Mg-), high volume hydration with Mg infusion (high-volume Mg+), and with low volume hydration with Mg infusion (low-volume Mg+). Serum @entity4 (sCr) and @entity4 clearance ( @entity6 ) were examined before and after treatment with @entity3 . Multivariable analysis was carried out to identify the most important contributing factors. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in pre-treatment sCr levels or @entity6 between groups. In the high-volume Mg- group, post-treatment sCr significantly increased compared with pre-treatment levels, while post- @entity6 significantly decreased compared with pre-treatment @entity6 (p   <   0.001 and p   <   0.001, respectively). In the high-volume Mg+ group, there was no significant difference between pre- and post-treatment levels of sCr, or between pre- and post-treatment @entity6 (p   =   0.118 and p   =   0.254, respectively). In the low-volume Mg+ group, there was a trend towards increased sCr levels and decreased @entity6 after treatment (p   =   0.068 and p   =   0.055, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the absence of Mg infusion and low-volume hydration were both independent factors for decreased @entity6 (p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: High-volume hydration and Mg infusion reduces the @entity2 induced by @entity3 . A low-volume Mg+ regimen may be considered for @entity0 with adequate renal function. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Observational Study UMIN000013950; Registered 13 May 2014.

title: Magnesium supplementation and high volume hydration reduce the @entity2 caused by @entity3 -based chemotherapy in XXXX with @entity1 : a toxicity study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of blunt cervical spine trauma associated with @entity1 at the C3/C4 level with temporary Frankel/American @entity5 Association Grade A @entity4 and motion segment instability without evidence of associated @entity2 ( @entity3 without radiological abnormality, @entity2 ). OBJECTIVES: By means of a rare and illustrative case, the reader's attention is focused on eventual marked cervical motion segment instability in SCIWORA @entity0 . SETTING: A department of Neurology in Quito, Ecuador and a department of Neurosurgery in Bern, Switzerland. METHOD: A 73-year-old @entity0 sustained blunt cervical spine trauma. After resolution of paraparesis, dynamic studies of the cervical spine revealed translational instability of C3 over C4. The @entity0 underwent segment fusion by intervertebral cage insertion and plate fixation. RESULTS: The @entity0 had recovered almost completely from tetraparesis under conservative treatment. The postoperative course was uneventful. Solid bony fusion of the C3/C4 motion segment was obtained. CONCLUSION: Despite normal cervical alignment, the lack of @entity2 and neurological recovery, magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic studies may reveal marked translational cervical motion segment instability requiring segment fusion in order to prevent ongoing damage of the spinal cord.

title: Traumatic cervical instability associated with @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic corticosteroid (CS) use is associated with bone mass loss. METHODS: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was assessed in 72 @entity0 (25 males/47 premenopausal females) with @entity1 , primary (n = 35) or secondary to @entity7 (n = 37) with normal renal function, who were taking CS, as @entity4 and/or @entity9 , in doses > or =7.5 mg/day, for a period of at least 6 months. Cumulative dose and duration of prior CS therapy, as well as biochemical parameters and other factors contributing to @entity6 were evaluated. RESULTS: We found 37 (52%) @entity0 with LOW @entity2 (29 with @entity11 and 8 with @entity3 ). The low @entity2 group presented a lower mean weight and body mass index (BMI) versus the normal @entity2 group (62 +/- 15 vs. 70 +/- 10 kg and 25 +/- 4 vs. 27 +/- 5, mean +/- SD, p < 0.05). The estimated @entity5 intake was lower than 400 mg/day in all @entity0 with low @entity2 , and they had taken @entity8 as a concomitant drug for a longer mean period of time when compared to normal @entity2 @entity0 (30 +/- 29 vs. 16 +/- 27 months, p < 0.05). A higher mean number of pulses per @entity0 and mean cumulative dose of @entity9 were observed in the low versus normal @entity2 group (7.7 +/- 4.0 vs. 5.6 +/- 4.0 pulses and 6.5 +/- 3.9 vs. 3.9 +/- 2.7 g, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a high frequency of @entity11 among young and premenopausal @entity0 with @entity1 given long-term corticosteroid therapy. The lower BMI and @entity5 intake, as well as the concomitant @entity8 use, might have contributed to such a @entity6 . The higher number of pulse therapies leading to higher cumulative intravenous doses of corticosteroid mainly in @entity10 @entity0 shows that pulse therapy may be deleterious to bone.

title: @entity11 in @entity0 with XXXX requiring long-term corticosteroid therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neovascular, or wet, age-related @entity6 causes central @entity5 and represents a major health problem in elderly @entity0 , and is currently treated with frequent intraocular injections of anti- @entity2 protein. Gene therapy might enable long-term anti- @entity2 therapy from a single treatment. We tested the safety of rAAV.sFLT-1 in treatment of wet age-related @entity6 with a single subretinal injection. METHODS: In this single-centre, phase 1, randomised controlled trial, we enrolled @entity0 with wet age-related @entity6 at the Lions Eye Institute and the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (Nedlands, WA, Australia). Eligible @entity0 had to be aged 65 years or older, have age-related @entity6 secondary to active subfoveal @entity7 , with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 3/60-6/24 and 6/60 or better in the other eye. @entity0 were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive either 1   *   10(10) vector genomes (vg; low-dose rAAV.sFLT-1 group) or 1   *   10(11) vg (high-dose rAAV.sFLT-1 group), or no gene-therapy treatment (control group). Randomisation was done by sequential group assignment. All @entity0 and investigators were unmasked. Staff doing the assessments were masked to the study group at study visits. All @entity0 received ranibizumab at baseline and week 4, and rescue treatment during follow-up based on prespecified criteria including BCVA measured on the Early Treatment @entity1 Study (EDTRS) scale, optical coherence tomography, and @entity4 angiography. The primary endpoint was ocular and systemic safety. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01494805. FINDINGS: From Dec 16, 2011, to April 5, 2012, we enrolled nine @entity0 of whom eight were randomly assigned to receive either intervention (three @entity0 in the low-dose rAAV.sFLT-1 group and three @entity0 in the high-dose rAAV.sFLT-1 group) or no treatment (two @entity0 in the control group). Subretinal injection of rAAV.sFLT-1 was highly reproducible. No drug-related adverse events were noted; procedure-related adverse events (subconjunctival or subretinal @entity3 and mild cell debris in the anterior vitreous) were generally mild and self-resolving. There was no evidence of @entity8 . Clinical laboratory assessments generally remained unchanged from baseline. Four (67%) of six @entity0 in the treatment group required zero rescue injections, and the other two (33%) required only one rescue injection each. INTERPRETATION: rAAV.sFLT-1 was safe and well tolerated. These results support ocular gene therapy as a potential long-term treatment option for wet age-related @entity6 . FUNDING: National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Richard Pearce Bequest, Lions Save Sight Foundation, Brian King Fellowship, and Avalanche Biotechnologies, Inc.

title: Gene therapy with recombinant adeno-associated vectors for neovascular age-related XXXX : 1 year follow-up of a phase 1 randomised clinical trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: In a previous report, it was shown that scaling and root planing (SRP) decreased mean pocket depth and attachment level in subjects with @entity3 , as well as the levels and prevalence of @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity4 . However, a subset of subjects in that study exhibited mean loss of attachment following SRP. The purpose of the present investigation was to seek clinical and microbiological differences between subjects who responded well or poorly to SRP. 57 subjects with @entity3 were treated by full-mouth SRP under local anaesthetic. Clinical assessments of plaque, redness, suppuration, BOP, pocket depth and attachment level were made at 6 sites per tooth prior to and 3 months post-SRP. Attachment level measurements were repeated at each visit and differences in means between visits used to assess change. 18 subjects showed mean attachment loss 3 months post-SRP (poor response group), while 39 showed mean attachment level gain (good response group). The prevalence and levels of 40 subgingival taxa in @entity0 samples from the mesiobuccal site of each tooth (maximum 28 sites) in each subject prior to and 3 months post-SRP were assessed using checker-board DNA-DNA hybridization. The prevalence of each species was computed for each subject and averaged across subjects in the 2 treatment-response groups at each visit. Differences between groups were sought using the Mann-Whitney test. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 response groups in any clinical parameter prior to therapy. Subjects in the good response group showed more attachment level gain at sites with baseline pocket depths of < 4 mm, 4-6 and > 6 mm than poor response subjects. Of 40 species evaluated, A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (A. viscosus), @entity4 , @entity5 and C. rectus were significantly higher and more prevalent pre-therapy in the good response subjects. Mean attachment level change post SRP could be predicted using multiple linear regression with A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (A. viscosus) and @entity4 as the predictor variables (r2 = 0.373, p < 0.00001). Sites that gained > or = 2 mm of attachment post therapy showed a significant decrease in the counts of @entity1 (7.5 +/- 3.5 to 0.2 +/- 0.2 x 10(5)), @entity4 (8.2 +/- 3.5 to 1.8 +/- 1.1 x 10(5)) and @entity2 (11.1 +/- 5.7 to 0.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(5)). The data of the present investigation indicate that SRP is most effective in subjects and sites with high levels of the subgingival species that this therapy affects.

title: Clinical and microbiological features of subjects with XXXX who responded poorly to scaling and root planing.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess whether acute @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibition would improve myocardial perfusion and perfusion reserve in a subpopulation of normotensive @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity8 ( @entity8 ), both independent risk factors of @entity3 . Using positron emission tomography (PET), we investigated the response of regional myocardial perfusion to acute @entity5 inhibition with i.v. infusion of perindoprilat (vs saline infusion as control, minimum interval 3 days) in 12 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity8 . Myocardial perfusion was quantified with PET using @entity6 -13 @entity7 infused at rest and during dipyridamole hyperaemia. Twelve healthy control subjects were included in the study, five of whom were also studied with perindoprilat. Mean blood pressure in normo-albuminuric, asymptomatic @entity0 was 123+/-7/65+/-9 mmHg. Compared with controls, maximal perfusion was reduced in @entity0 (1.8+/-0.6 vs 2.5+/-1.0 ml @entity4 ) g(-1); P<0.05), and perfusion reserve was also lower, at borderline significance (2.7+/-1.0 vs 3.6+/-1.3; P=0.059). During perindoprilat infusion, myocardial perfusion reserve in @entity0 increased to 3.9+/-0.9 ( P<0.001) due to normalisation of maximal perfusion (2.3+/-0.5 ml @entity4 ) g(-1), P<0.01). In the five control subjects both resting and hyperaemic perfusion remained unchanged during perindoprilat infusion. It is concluded that acute @entity5 inhibition with perindoprilat improves maximal achieved myocardial perfusion in non- @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity8 .

title: Myocardial perfusion in type 2 XXXX with @entity8 : normalisation by acute @entity5 inhibition.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work is to establish a new dual-modal brain-mapping technique based on diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and electroencephalographic source localization (ESL) that can chronically/intracranially record optical/electroencephalography (EEG) data to precisely map @entity2 and localize the @entity2 -onset zone and associated @entity1 brain network. METHODS: The dual-modal imaging system was employed to image @entity2 in an experimental acute @entity4 @entity0 model of @entity3 . Depth information derived from DOT was used as constraint in ESL to enhance the image reconstruction. Groups of animals were compared based on localization of @entity2 foci, either at different positions or at different depths. RESULTS: This novel imaging technique successfully localized the @entity2 -onset zone in @entity0 induced by @entity4 injected at a depth of 1, 2, and 3  mm, respectively. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of the depth information from DOT into the ESL image reconstruction resulted in more accurate and reliable ESL images. Although the ESL images showed a horizontal shift of the source localization, the DOT identified the @entity2 focus accurately. In one case, when the @entity4 (BMI) was injected at a site outside the field of view (FOV) of the DOT/ESL interface, ESL gave false-positive detection of the focus, while DOT showed negative detection. SIGNIFICANCE: This study represents the first to identify @entity2 -onset zone using implantable DOT. In addition, the combination of DOT/ESL has never been documented in neuroscience and @entity1 imaging. This technology will enable us to precisely measure the neural activity and hemodynamic response at exactly the same tissue site and at both cortical and subcortical levels.

title: In vivo imaging of @entity1 foci in XXXX using a miniature probe integrating diffuse optical tomography and electroencephalographic source localization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epidemiological studies show a positive correlation between the air levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and @entity2 , but how PM2.5 affects cardiomyocytes has not been studied in great deal. The aim of the present study was to obtain an insight into the links among intracellular levels of reactive @entity0 species (ROS), apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in @entity1 cardiac H9c2 cells exposed to PM2.5 . H9c2 cells were incubated with PM2.5 at 100-800   g ml(-1) to evaluate the effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, cell apoptosis, intracellular levels of ROS and expression of apoptosis-related proteins as well as activation of MAPKs. PM2.5 decreased cell viability, increased the cell apoptosis rate and intracellular ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. PM2.5 decreased the @entity4 / @entity5 ratio and increased cleaved caspase-3 levels. A Western blots study showed up-regulation of phosphorylated MAPKs including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), c-Jun @entity6 -terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPK in the PM2.5 -treated cells. The p38 MAPK inhibitor @entity8 attenuated whereas the ERKs inhibitor @entity7 augmented the effects of PM2.5 on apoptosis and the expression of related proteins. In conclusion, PM2.5 decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis by enhancing intracellular ROS production and activating the MAPKs signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. The MAPKs signaling pathway could be a new promising target for clinical therapeutic strategies against PM2.5 -induced @entity3 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Overproduction of reactive XXXX species and activation of MAPKs are involved in apoptosis induced by PM2.5 in @entity1 cardiac H9c2 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We examined the genetic and biochemical bases for drug resistance and the order of appearance of different mechanisms underlying the increasingly more resistant @entity0 @entity6 cell lines established in @entity1 (ADR). In the first-step low-level resistant cell line PC4-A5 (able to grow in 5 ng/mL ADR), there was a 2-fold reduction in topoisomerase IIalpha and topoisomerase IIbeta mRNA levels, as well as topoisomerase IIalpha protein and activity levels as compared with the parental cell line. The topoisomerase IIalpha activity levels remained reduced as the cells became increasingly more resistant. In contrast, the topoisomerase II mRNA and protein levels returned to approximately the parental levels in resistant cells growing in higher drug concentrations (40-160 ng/mL). Parental cells expressed the multidrug resistance protein (MRP), but beginning with PC4-A5 MRP expression decreased and remained reduced in increasingly resistant cell lines. At high levels of ADR resistance, the cells expressed the @entity2 gene concomitant with the appearance of @entity3 resistance and energy-dependent @entity5 and @entity3 efflux. @entity4 levels, internal pH, and expression of the major vault protein (MVP) remained unchanged in all cell lines. Fluorescence microscopy revealed no alterations in @entity5 distribution or vesicle numbers between the parental and resistant cell lines. Different resistance mechanisms emerge sequentially as cells become more resistant to ADR; the mechanisms are retained during the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). In intermediate-level MDR cell lines (PC4-A10 and PC4-A20), resistance involves an as yet undetermined mechanism(s).

title: Emergence of different mechanisms of resistance in the evolution of multidrug resistance in XXXX @entity6 cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We investigated the interactions of @entity10 meal or molasses [nonstructural @entity8 (NSC) supplements] with a @entity5 -sunflower meal mix or flaxseed meal [ @entity9 ( @entity9 ) supplements] on animal production, milk @entity7 profile, and nutrient utilization in dairy @entity1 fed grass hay diets. Eight multiparous and 8 primiparous Jersey @entity1 averaging 135  49d in milk and 386  61kg of body weight in the beginning of the study were randomly assigned to 4 replicated 4*4 Latin squares with a 2*2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each period lasted 19d with 14d for diet adaptation and 5d for data and sample collection. @entity1 were fed diets composed of mixed-mostly grass hay plus 1 of the following 4 concentrate blends: (1) @entity10 meal plus a protein mix containing @entity5 meal and sunflower meal; (2) @entity10 meal plus flaxseed meal; (3) liquid molasses plus a protein mix containing @entity5 meal and sunflower meal; or (4) liquid molasses plus flaxseed meal. Data were analyzed for main effects of NSC and @entity9 supplements, and the NSC * @entity9 supplement interactions. Significant NSC * @entity9 supplement interactions were observed for milk urea N, milk N efficiency, and the sums of milk saturated, monounsaturated, and @entity6 . No effect of NSC supplements was observed for nutrient intake and milk yield. However, 4% fat-corrected milk (-0.70kg/d) and energy-corrected milk (-0.60kg/d) were significantly reduced in @entity1 fed liquid molasses due to a trend to decreased concentration of milk fat (-0.17%). Diets with liquid molasses resulted in increased (+35%) concentration and yield of milk enterolactone, indicating that this @entity0 @entity12 can be modulated by supplements with different NSC profiles. Overall, NSC and @entity9 supplements profoundly changed the milk @entity2 profile, likely because of differences in @entity7 intake,   (9)-desaturase indices, and ruminal biohydrogenation pathways. Feeding liquid molasses significantly reduced plasma @entity4 N (-1.2mg/dL), urinary N excretion (-20g/d), and N digestibility (-3.2 percentage units). Flaxseed meal significantly reduced yields of milk (-1.3kg/d), milk fat (-90g/d), and milk @entity3 (-60g/d), but significantly increased the concentration and yield of milk @entity11 . Further research is needed to elucidate the negative responses of flaxseed meal on yields of milk and milk components.

title: Interactions of @entity10 meal or molasses with a XXXX -sunflower meal mix or flaxseed meal on production, milk @entity2 composition, and nutrient utilization in dairy @entity1 fed grass hay-based diets.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trials demonstrating the efficacy of biologic therapy for moderate to severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have inspired new multidisciplinary treatment strategies. We present our experience with combined biologic and surgical therapy for recalcitrant @entity1 . METHODS: Between 2011 and 2014, 21 @entity0 (57 cases) with Hurley Stage III @entity1 underwent radical resection with delayed primary closure alone, or in combination with adjuvant biologic therapy. Demographic data, treatment regimen, outcomes, and complications were retrospectively reviewed for all cases. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 underwent combined surgical and biologic therapy, whereas radical resection alone was performed in 10 @entity0 . The average soft tissue deficit, before closure, for the combined and surgery-only @entity0 was 56 cm and 48.5 cm, respectively (P = 0.66). Biologic agents including infliximab (n = 8) and ustekinumab (n = 3) were initiated 2 to 3 weeks after closure and were continued for an average of 10.5 months. Recurrence was noted in 19% (4/29) and 38.5% (10/26) of previously treated sites for combined and surgery-only @entity0 (P < 0.01). For the combined cohort, the disease-free interval was approximately 1 year longer on average (P < 0.001); however, this difference was reduced to 4.5 months when considering time to recurrence after cessation of biologic therapy (P = 0.09). New disease developed in 18% (2/11) and 50% (5/10) of combined and surgery-only @entity0 , respectively (P < 001). No adverse events were noted among @entity0 who received biologic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Lower rates of recurrence and disease progression, as well as a longer disease-free interval may be achieved with the use of adjuvant biologic therapy after radical resection for recalcitrant @entity1 .

title: Outcomes After Combined Radical Resection and Targeted Biologic Therapy for the Management of Recalcitrant XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis @entity0 manifest accelerated @entity5 . Hemodialysis is associated with oxidative stress, which can be partially prevented with the use of a @entity3 -coated dialyzer. Adsorption of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been applied in the treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the @entity3 -coated dialyzer and/or LDL apheresis affects carotid @entity5 in hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: Thirty hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity6 were divided into four treatment groups: treatment with conventional cellulose or synthetic membranes (group A, n = 12), treatment with @entity3 -coated membrane (group B, n = 7), treatment with conventional membrane and LDL apheresis (group C, n = 6), and treatment with @entity3 -coated membrane and LDL apheresis (group D, n = 5). Carotid artery @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity ( @entity2 ), plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured before and 10 weeks after treatment and compared between groups. All values were referred to measurements after LDL apheresis. RESULTS: @entity1 and @entity2 , plasma CRP and @entity4 showed little change in group A throughout the experimental period. These decreased slightly from the baseline value in group B, but the change was not significant. In group C, @entity1 decreased from 1.12 +/- 0.24 to 1.02 +/- 0.18 mm (p < 0.05), and @entity2 decreased from 2,266 +/- 380 to 1,968 +/- 342 cm/s (p < 0.05). Plasma CRP and @entity4 concentrations also decreased significantly compared with baseline (p < 0.05). In group D, @entity1 decreased from 1.18 +/- 0.26 to 0.92 +/- 0.18 mm (p < 0.01), and @entity2 decreased from 2,284 +/- 390 to 1,786 +/- 284 cm/s (p < 0.01). Plasma CRP and @entity4 levels also decreased significantly compared with baseline (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that LDL apheresis and the @entity3 -coated membrane dialysis in combination may prevent further progression of @entity5 in hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Effects of LDL apheresis and @entity3 -modified membrane on carotid @entity5 in hemodialyzed @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of traditional administration, continuous pump injection, and closed-loop target controlled infusion of @entity3 to determine the optimal method of drug administration, and to establish the individualized and rational administration of muscle relaxants in elderly @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 150 @entity0 who underwent spinal surgery under tracheal intubation general anesthesia in our hospital from August 2013 to April 2015 were selected. All @entity0 were administered with general anesthesia and randomly divided into three groups: group A (n = 50) was treated under closed-loop target controlled infusion (CLTCI), group B (n = 50) was treated under @entity2 monitoring, and group C (n = 50) was treated under continuous pump injection. Hemodynamic changes and blood @entity1 saturation of the three groups were observed, and the @entity2 recovery, dosage, and bleeding of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: MAP and HR of group A were significantly lower than those of group B and group C (p < 0.05). There were no cases of @entity2 in group A, five cases in group C, and 14 cases in group B, and the differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Regarding @entity2 recovery, the time (T    1) of recovery from 10%-25% and 25%-75%, and the time from drug withdrawal to recovery to TOFr from 0.7-0.9 of group A were the shortest, followed by group C and group B. The differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The total dosage of @entity3 of group A was the least, followed by group C and group B, and differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the bleeding volume of group A (235.2    141.3 ml) was smaller than in group B (353.1    173.8 ml) and group C (316.5    155.2 ml), and differences between the three groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For spinal surgery of elderly @entity0 , closed-loop target controlled infusion of @entity3 was superior to continuous infusion and intravenous injection. The time of @entity2 recovery was shortened, the dosage of @entity3 was reduced, and the number of cases of @entity2 was reduced.

title: Comparative study: efficacy of closed-looptarget controlled infusion of XXXX and other administration methods for spinal surgery of elderly @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of @entity3 induced by latanoprost ophthalmic solution in Japanese @entity1 @entity0 by a prospective and observer-masked study. @entity0 AND METHODS: Sixty-nine eyes of 69 @entity1 @entity0 were included. @entity0 who had undergone intraocular surgery, laser trabeculoplasty, and laser iridotomy within 12 months before enrollment, and @entity0 with history of @entity2 and any changes in antiglaucoma drugs within 6 months before enrollment were excluded. Iridial photographs were taken by one examiner under the same conditions at 1, 3, and 6 months after the initiation of latanoprost treatment. Three @entity1 specialists, masked of @entity0 information, independently assessed the @entity3 . Cases with @entity3 diagnosed by three specialists were categorized as showing a definite increase in @entity3 . RESULTS: A definite increase in @entity3 occurred in 3.5%, 9.7%, and 35.0% of eyes within 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment, respectively. Age, gender, or concomitantly used eyedrops did not significantly influence the incidence of @entity3 within 6 months of instillation. A reduction of intraocular pressure by latanoprost did not differ significantly between @entity0 with and without @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity3 by latanoprost ophthalmic solution in Japanese @entity0 was higher than previously reported values in pigmented races.

title: Iridial pigmentation induced by latanoprost ophthalmic solution in Japanese @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Goblet cell carcinoid is a rare variant of @entity6 with mixed endocrine and exocrine features. The most common symptom and signs are @entity3 , @entity4 and palpable mass. Additionally, @entity3 is common in @entity0 on peritoneal dialysis, which may confound the diagnosis in such @entity0 . CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 71- years- old @entity0 on peritoneal dialysis that experienced several episodes of abdominal cramping @entity1 . She had one episode of severe @entity1 and underwent an appendectomy for suspicion of @entity5 . Goblet cell carcinoid was diagnosed. She had no further @entity3 after she received appendectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant dialysate was rarely reported in @entity0 with peritoneal dialysis. However, @entity7 can initially present with @entity4 , chronic intermittent @entity3 and mimicking @entity2 . In systemically reviewing the literature, this is the first case report of @entity2 with peritoneal dialysis caused by @entity7 .

title: @entity7 presenting with recurrent XXXX in a @entity0 on peritoneal dialysis: a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 -reperfusion (I/R) injury plays an important role in the @entity7 . The pathogenetic mechanisms potential I/R  injury is involved in apoptosis and @entity2 . @entity9 ( @entity10 ), a major constituent of green tea, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. This study aimed to explore the underlying effects and mechanisms of @entity10 on @entity1 in a @entity3 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We induced @entity1 in @entity5 @entity3 by clamping the left renal artery for 45  min followed by 24-h reperfusion, along with a contralateral nephrectomy. We randomly allocated 30 @entity3 to three groups (n  =  10): sham group, IRI group, and @entity10 group. We preconditioned @entity3 intraperitoneally with @entity10 (50  mg/kg) or vehicle (50  mg/kg) 45  min before inducing @entity1 . We collected serum and kidneys at 24  h after reperfusion. Renal function and histologic damage were assessed. We also determined markers of @entity2 and apoptosis in kidneys or serum. RESULTS: @entity10 pretreatment can significantly reduce @entity1 , histologic change and the expression of @entity0 @entity4 factor-a, @entity11 , @entity6 , @entity8 and cleavage @entity12 induced by I/R injury and increase the expression of @entity8 and @entity12 . Moreover, @entity10 pretreatment can further induce the activation of @entity13 mitogen-activated protein kinase in kidney, with no influence on the expression of @entity13 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 treatment can decrease @entity1 -reperfusion injury by suppressing @entity2 and cell apoptosis. Thus, @entity10 may represent a potential strategy to reduce @entity1 .

title: Protective effect of XXXX , a major constituent of green tea, against @entity1 -reperfusion injury in @entity3 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Sdic is a new gene that evolved recently in the lineage of @entity0 . It was formed from a duplication and fusion of the gene @entity4 , which encodes @entity4 , and @entity3 , which encodes the intermediate polypeptide chain of the cytoplasmic dynein. The fusion joins @entity4 exon 4 with @entity3 intron 3, which brings together three putative promoter elements for testes-specific expression of Sdic: the distal conserved element (DCE) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are derived from @entity4 , and the proximal conserved element (PCE) from @entity3 intron 3. Sdic transcription initiates within the PCE, and translation is initiated within the sequence derived from @entity3 intron 3, continuing through a 10 base pair insertion that creates a new splice donor site that enables the new coding sequence derived from intron 3 to be joined with the coding sequence of @entity3 exon 4. A novel protein is created lacking 100 residues at the @entity2 end that contain sequence motifs essential for the function of cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chains. Instead, the @entity2 end is a hydrophobic region of 16 residues that resembles the @entity2 end of axonemal dynein intermediate chains from other organisms. The downstream portion of Sdic features large deletions eliminating @entity3 exons v2 and v3, as well as multiple frameshift deletions or insertions. The new protein becomes incorporated into the tail of the mature sperm and may function as an axonemal dynein intermediate chain. The new Sdic gene is present in about 10 tandem repeats between the wildtype @entity3 and @entity4 genes located near the base of the X chromosome. The implications of these findings are discussed relative to the origin of new gene functions and the process of speciation.

title: Origin and evolution of a new gene expressed in the XXXX sperm axoneme.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A protein encoded by At1g32080 was consistently identified in proteomic studies of Arab @entity3 oroplast envelope membranes, but its function remained unclear. The protein, designated AtLrgB, may have evolved from a gene fusion of lrgA and lrgB. In bacteria, two homologous operons, lrgAB and cidAB, participate in an emerging mechanism to control cell deat @entity0 lysis.     We aim to characterize AtLrgB using reverse genetics and cell biological and biochemical analysis.     AtLrgB is expressed in leaves, but not in roots. T-DNA insertion mutation of AtLrgB produced plants with interveinal chlorotic and premature necrotic leaves. Overexpression of full-length AtLrgB (or its LrgA and LrgB domains, separately), under the control of CaMV @entity6 promoter, produced plants exhibiting vein @entity9 delayed greening. At the end of light period, the T-DNA mutant had high starch and low sucr @entity4 tents in leaves, while the 35S:AtLrgB plants had low starch and high sucr @entity4 tents. Metabolite profiling revealed that AtLrgB appeared not to directly transport triose phos @entity5 hexo @entity8 yeas @entity1 ls, AtLrgB could augment nyst @entity7 uced membrane permeability.     Our work indicates that AtLrgB is a new player in chloroplast development, carb @entity2 titioning and leaf senescence, although its molecular mechanism remains to be established.

title: A chloroplast envelope membrane protein containing a putative LrgB domain related to the control of bacterial XXXX and lysis is required for chloroplast development in @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize perinatal outcomes and long-term maternal complications from @entity10 manifested during pregnancy, and to review the clinical course and long-term follow-up of pregnant @entity0 with this condition at our institution over the past 25 years. METHODS: We identified prospectively pregnant @entity0 who met clinical and laboratory criteria for @entity9 or @entity5 . Their clinical and laboratory findings, response to treatment, perinatal outcomes, and long-term sequelae were then analyzed. RESULTS: Between 1972 and 1997, 11 @entity0 had 13 pregnancies complicated by @entity10 , representing an incidence of one per 25,000 births. In three pregnancies (23%), severe and refractory disease developed before midpregnancy. In ten other pregnancies, disease developed either peripartum (62%) or several weeks postpartum (15%). In only two pregnancies with peripartum or postpartum onset of disease was there a clinical picture of severe @entity6 . In general, the response to treatment was prompt. One @entity0 died of her @entity1 in @entity8 , and mean follow-up of nine survivors was 8.7 years. Disease recurred at least once in 50% of these, two during a subsequent pregnancy. There was at least one serious long-term sequela in all but two survivors; these included recurrence of @entity10 , @entity3 , severe @entity2 , chronic @entity7 , and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: @entity10 complicating pregnancy is rare, and with careful evaluation, it should not be confused with @entity6 . With prompt and aggressive treatment including plasma exchange, the likelihood of immediate survival is high; however, long-term morbidity and mortality are common.

title: The long-term consequences of @entity10 ( XXXX and @entity5 ) in pregnancy.

answer: @entity9


abstract: It is well established that @entity8 , @entity3 and @entity1 are equally susceptible to experimental @entity4 with the Chinese @entity15 , @entity11 . However, little work has been done on the studies of the host-parasite relationships between the @entity15 and @entity0 host. The experiments were undertaken to investigate the susceptibility, development and sexual maturity of @entity11 in @entity0 host. The metacercariae of @entity12 used in these experiments were isolated from the fish, @entity16 by digestion technic. And in all these studies the @entity0 weighing around 20 g were commercially purchased and infected with the metacercariae under slightly narcotized condition with @entity13 . The animals were starved overnight before @entity4 . The mature metacercariae, e.g. 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 200 were given orally into stomach by means of the @entity7 tubing (intramedic, Clay Adams, Inc.PE-90/S12) respectively to each @entity0 of groups ranging 4 to l5. After various period of @entity4 , the @entity0 liver was first opened along the common bile duct and cut into small pieces for collecting and counting the worms. For the histopathological examination of the liver, the tissue specimens were fixed in @entity6 , sectioned and stained with @entity14 - @entity10 . Another experiment was separately set up for the study of egg laying capacity of @entity12 in @entity0 . The following results were obtained: 1) @entity0 were successfully infected with metacercariae of @entity12 in all cases of the groups except the group given 5 and 10 metacercariae, in which the @entity4 was not established in one case of each group. Therefore it is assumed that @entity0 are susceptible to @entity4 with this worm. In an earlier period ot @entity4 , the worms were found mostly in common bile duct and intrahepatic biliary passages with same rate, however in later period, they were seen rather in the intrahepatic biliary passages (73 %) than in common bile duct and @entity9 . The recovery rate of fully matured adult worms (less than 10 %) was lower than that of the average recovery rate of the worms in general (22.3 %). 2)Under same age of @entity4 or even in same host, the size of collected worms showed the great variations. Oral sucker was smaller in size than ventral sucker in the early stage of @entity4 . After 11 days of @entity4 it reversed. The posterior part of body length began to elongate since 5 days after @entity4 , and therefore the ratio of antero-posterior part became l to 3. Fully matured adult worms were only collected after 30 days of @entity4 . The first positive appearance of eggs in feces was on the 17th and 18th day after @entity4 . However, the egg-laying capacity in @entity0 host seemed to be stabilized since 30 days after @entity4 . 3)Histopathologically, the @entity5 of medium to small biliary passages was noted and focal but diffusely scattered @entity2 of the liver cells with scarce inflammatory cells was also observed as well as the hepatocellular degeneration, diffuse vascular congestions and adenomatous proliferationof bile duct.

title: [The Host-Parasite Relations Of XXXX In The @entity0 : Studies On The Development Of @entity12 In @entity0 ]

answer: @entity11


abstract: A microbiological study of 25 cases of ovine footrot was performed. Cultures belonging to @entity6 were isolated in 48% of the sampled animals. The sensitivity of the 99 strict anaerobic bacterial isolates to 5 antibiotics ( @entity3 , @entity0 , @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity4 ) was studied. The percentage of resistant cultures was in all cases higher than 30%. The efficacy of @entity2 and @entity4 in the treatment of ovine footrot was studied. To conduct this test, an intramuscular injection was applied, of one antimicrobial or the other, at the beginning of the treatment. The tolerance of animals to the antimicrobials, the success rate of treatment and the severity of @entity1 were evaluated. The percentage of animals cured within 15 days was around 75%. In contrast, only 44% improvement was achieved in the @entity1 . No differences were found between the two antimicrobials in the above indices.

title: Comparison of XXXX and @entity4 for the treatment of ovine footrot.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was undertaken which evaluated the medical records and imaging studies of a subset of @entity0 managed by the spine service at Jackson Memorial Hospital who were diagnosed with an esophageal perforation in the setting of spinal surgery. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of a @entity2 in the repair of esophageal perforation in the setting of anterior cervical spine surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The management of an esophageal @entity5 in the setting of spine surgery is challenging and starts with a prompt and accurate diagnosis. In addition to broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, several methods have been described to repair the @entity5 , which range from enteral tube feeding, direct repair, and/or repair with a local or free @entity2 . METHODS: The review encompassed medical records, discharge summaries, operative reports, and imaging studies. Data were gathered with specific attention to demographics, primary pathology, mechanism of @entity6 , method of spinal stabilization, method of esophageal repair, and time to initiation of oral intake. Follow-up interviews were conducted either in- @entity0 or by telephone. RESULTS: Six @entity0 were treated over the study period. There were 3 @entity0 and 3 @entity0 . The mean age was 52.8 years. Primary pathologies were penetrating @entity3 , blunt @entity3 (2 cases), @entity4 (2 cases), and @entity1 . Mechanisms of @entity6 were penetrating @entity3 , acute iatrogenic, chronic iatrogenic (3 cases), and intubation @entity3 . The time to diagnosis ranged from immediate to 10 months. The method of spinal stabilization was anterior autograft followed by posterior instrumentation in 4 of 6 @entity0 . The method of esophageal repair was an inferiorly based @entity7 ( @entity7 ) flap in 4 cases, primary repair in 1 case, and esophageal diversion alone in 1 case. The time to oral intake averaged 59.2 days (range, 23-113 days) in those with a @entity7 flap versus 153.5 days (range, 119-188 days) in those treated without a flap. CONCLUSION: The use of an @entity7 flap for the repair of @entity6 , in the setting of anterior cervical spine surgery, is a safe and effective tool. An @entity7 flap appeared to improve the time in initiating oral intake without any significant morbidity.

title: The role of the @entity2 for esophageal XXXX repair in anterior cervical spine surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with the treatment of adult ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction using a laparoscopic Hellstr  m vascular relocation technique. METHODS: Transperitoneal laparoscopy was performed in 35 @entity0 for the management of @entity3 . In 9 cases, we identified crossing lower pole vessels and performed the Hellstr  m technique. We discuss our indications, intraoperative techniques, and outcomes when performing only vascular relocation in these @entity0 . RESULTS: All 9 @entity0 presented with long-standing @entity2 and were identified as having @entity3 (7 primary, 2 secondary) on radiographic imaging. The intraoperative decision to perform the Hellstr  m technique was based on the presence of the crossing vessels, a grossly normal appearance of the ureter and UPJ, and a small renal pelvis. The crossing vessels were completely mobilized, displaced cephalad, and fixed using intracorporeal sutures. The mean operative time and @entity1 was 164 minutes and 15 mL, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 19 months (range 14 to 31), the @entity0 were asymptomatic with no evidence of obstruction on Lasix nuclear renography. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional treatment of @entity3 , with or without crossing vessels, has been accomplished by pyeloplasty. Dismembered pyeloplasty is a standard method in cases of associated crossing vessels; however, we propose that the Hellstr  m technique be considered in cases in which the ureter appears normal and the pelvic anatomy is unfavorable for transection and anterior reanastomosis of the ureter and pelvis. These considerations are particularly relevant during the laparoscopic approach in which intracorporeal suturing and knot tying are technically challenging.

title: Hellstr  m technique revisited: laparoscopic management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although thought to have common immunopathological processes, concomitant occurrence of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) appears to be rarely reported as to date only five detailed case reports are available. OBJECTIVE: To present a review of seven cases of concomitant @entity9 and @entity1 , three of whom were earlier reported for their unusual presentations. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity9 with nasal symptoms were evaluated radiologically. Consent was taken for antral wash and/or Caldwell-Luc operation in those with radiological evidence of @entity6 and the material was sent for histopathological and mycological studies. RESULTS: Of the 95 @entity0 with @entity9 , 22 had radiological evidence of @entity6 . Nine consented to surgery, seven of whom were diagnosed as concomitant @entity1 . Nasal symptoms preceded chest symptoms in two @entity0 , vice versa in one and occurred simultaneously in four. Familial occurrence of @entity9 , @entity10 and collapse with effusion along with an operated aspergilloma were seen in one @entity0 each. @entity3 and central @entity8 were seen in all @entity0 . Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses, carried out in six @entity0 , revealed mucosal thickening with @entity2 , without any bony @entity7 or destruction. All @entity0 had positive skin tests, positive precipitin study and raised total and specific IgE. Allergic mucin was seen in all @entity0 , fungal hyphae in five, and culture grew Aspergillus spp. in four. All @entity0 responded favourably to oral @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Concomitant occurrence of @entity9 and @entity1 seems to be infrequently recognized. Since @entity4 and @entity6 are often seen by two different specialities, the occurrence of @entity1 in @entity9 and @entity9 in @entity1 may easily be overlooked.

title: Concomitant XXXX and @entity1 : a review of an uncommon association*.

answer: @entity9


abstract: AIM: To report the successful clinical and radiographic outcome of a regenerative endodontic treatment. SUMMARY: A 16-year-old male @entity0 presented with a discoloured, maxillary left lateral incisor with a @entity6 . Radiographic examination revealed an incompletely developed root with an open apex. Under local anaesthesia and rubber dam isolation, an access cavity was prepared and the @entity1 pulpal remnants were removed. The canal was disinfected without mechanical instrumentation with 5.25% NaOCl solution and dried with sterile paper points. A triple antibiotic ( @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity3 ) mixed with distilled water was packed in the canal and left for 28  days. Ten millimetres of whole blood was drawn by venipuncture from the @entity0 antecubital vein for preparation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). After removal of the antibiotic mixture, the PRP was injected into the canal space up to the cementoenamel junction level. Three millimetres of white MTA was placed directly over the PRP clot. Two days later, the tooth was restored with permanent filling materials. The @entity0 was recalled for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36  months clinical/radiographic follow-up. A 3-year follow-up radiograph revealed @entity4 , increased thickening of the root walls, further root development and continued apical closure of the root apex. The tooth was not responsive to cold tests; however, sensitivity tests with an electric pulp tester (EPT) elicited a delayed positive response. KEY LEARNING POINTS: Regeneration is a viable treatment modality that allows continued root development of immature teeth with open apices and @entity1 pulps. Platelet-rich plasma appears to be a suitable scaffold for regeneration of vital tissues in teeth with a @entity1 pulps and an associated @entity4 . Regenerative endodontic procedures may offer an effective treatment option to save teeth with compromised structural integrity.

title: Regenerative endodontic treatment of an immature tooth with a XXXX and apical periodontitis using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA): a case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The roles of DNA and @entity3 interactions in determining the overlapping and distinct functions of the @entity0 cell cycle regulatory transcription factors @entity1 and @entity2 were examined. Full-length recombinant @entity1 and @entity2 were purified and their binding to bona fide promoters examined in vitro. Each protein bound a variety of target promoters with similar specificity in vitro, consistent with the observation that these proteins bind common promoters in vivo. However, in vivo, the @entity1 and @entity2 occupied different target promoters to different extents, suggesting that each was primarily responsible for controlling a different set of genes. Additional in vitro studies provided a mechanistic explanation for this differential promoter-occupancy. Specifically, the @entity2 , but not the @entity1 , was capable of binding cooperatively with @entity3 . The @entity3 - @entity2 cooperative binding was enhanced by, but did not require, the presence of a @entity3 -binding site within a target promoter. Consistent with these data, @entity3 was present at Fkh-controlled promoters in vivo regardless of whether they contained @entity3 -binding sites, suggesting a role for @entity3 at promoters not thought previously to be under @entity3 control. Analysis of @entity1 and @entity2 binding to promoter targets in vivo by use of mutant strains indicated that the two proteins compete for promoter-occupancy at a number of target promoters. We postulate that @entity1 and a stable @entity2 / @entity3 complex compete for binding to target promoters and that the levels and/or binding activity of @entity1 , but not @entity2 , are most limiting for promoter-occupancy in vivo. Interestingly, the in vitro DNA-binding assays, using a variety of promoter targets, revealed that bona fide Fkh target promoters contained two or more Fkh-binding sites that allowed the @entity1 and @entity2 proteins to form multiple protein-DNA complexes in vitro. Multiple Fkh-binding sites may be a distinguishing feature of bona fide Fkh promoters in @entity0 and other organisms.

title: Mechanisms controlling differential promoter-occupancy by the @entity0 forkhead proteins @entity1 and XXXX : implications for regulating the cell cycle and differentiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very little is known about the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents in @entity0 also being treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We sought to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 and @entity5 in plasma and peritoneal dialysate in a @entity0 being treated for @entity1 . METHODS: A single @entity0 with @entity1 and on peritoneal dialysis for @entity2 was treated with @entity3 25  mg/m(2) on day 1 of weeks 1 and 5 and continuous infusional @entity5 1000  mg/m(2)/day on days 1-4 of weeks 1 and 5 along with daily radiation therapy. Intense plasma and dialysate sampling was performed during the week 5 administration, followed by quantitation of @entity4 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and @entity5 by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: Following systemic administration, clearance of ultrafilterable (active) @entity4 over the first 6  h was 20.8  L/h, which is lower than previously reported clearance levels of ultrafilterable @entity4 . Total @entity4 AUC was 131   g  h/mL, also higher than an AUC previously reported for total @entity4 in @entity0 with normal renal function. @entity4 -related material was detected in the peritoneal cavity, but this is likely inactive. @entity5 penetrated the intraperitoneal cavity, but the contribution of peritoneal dialysis to drug clearance was negligible at 0.072  %. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of intravenous @entity3 and @entity5 chemotherapy to a @entity0 treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is feasible, but clearance in dialysate is nominal, thus suggesting that dose reduction is indicated for @entity3 . Systemic drug administration results in limited intraperitoneal penetration of @entity5 and inactive @entity4 species.

title: A pharmacokinetic analysis of @entity3 and XXXX in a @entity0 with esophageal cancer on peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether there are differences in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 management associated with emergency physician (EP) sex, specifically in terms of ordering investigations and hospital admissions. METHODS: We included all EPs working as consultants for at least 24 consecutive months at a Spanish @entity1 during an 8-year period. Every annual period was considered independently. The classificatory variable was EP sex. For every annual period we compiled age and years of experience of each EP, the number of @entity0 who attended, and @entity0 distribution in triage categories. To analyze @entity1 resource use by each EP and period, we recorded percentages of blood tests, radiography, ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT) scan, and hospital admission orders. RESULTS: Fifty EPs (27 @entity0 and 23 @entity0 ) were included, 291 annual periods were analyzed (132 for @entity0 and 159 for @entity0 ) and 256   524 @entity0 attendances were recorded (114   086 by @entity0 and 142   438 by @entity0 ). Blood tests were ordered in 57.2% of cases, radiography in 58.0%, ultrasounds in 5.0%, CT scans in 7.0%, and hospitalizations in 28.4%. Compared with @entity0 , @entity0 ordered 6.8% (95% confidence interval 6.1-7.5%) more blood tests, 4.6% (4.3-5.3%) more radiographies, 15.2% (11.6-18.9%) more ultrasonographies, 11.1% (8.1-14.1%) more CT scans, and 12.1% (10.8-13.4%) more hospitalizations. These differences maintained statistical significance in the stratified analysis by EP experience, and were observed for most of the years analyzed. CONCLUSION: Female EPs order more investigations and admit more @entity0 , although from our results the reason for this is unclear, and the impact on healthcare effectiveness and @entity0 outcome is unknown.

title: Emergency physician sex and XXXX resource use.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to present our experience using condylar buttress plate in the treatment of @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 underwent open reduction and internal fixation with condylar buttress plates for @entity5 from October 2000 through May 2010. @entity0 demographics, type of @entity3 , treatment, complications, results achieved, and follow-up assessment were reviewed. The @entity3 were classified with the AO system. The functional outcome was rated according to Schatzker and Lambert criteria. RESULTS: There were 22 @entity0 and 10 @entity0 with an average age was 44 (range 19-87) years. The @entity3 were classified as A1 (n  =  7; 21.8%), A2 (n  =  4; 12%), A3 (n  =  5; 15.6%); C1 (n  =  4; 12.5%), C2 (n  =  6; 18.8%), and C3 (n  =  6; 18.8%). The mean delay from @entity2 was 15 (range 1-27) days. Iliac bone graft was performed in four @entity0 . Postoperatively, a posterior splint or a plaster cast was applied for 3 weeks. No @entity0 had an intra-articular step-off of more than 2  mm. @entity4 of the operative wound occurred in two @entity0 . @entity3 healed in 22 (91.7%) @entity0 with a mean duration of 4 (range 3-8) months. Twenty-four @entity0 were followed up on an average of 15 (range 7-28) months. @entity1 (>10  ) was observed in five (20.8%) @entity0 . Knee flexion was less than 90   in 11 (45.3%) cases. Non-union occurred in two (8.3%) @entity0 . Functional results were good to excellent in 11 (45.8%) @entity0 and considered as fair or failure in 13 (54.2%). CONCLUSION: The current report also identifies @entity1 as a major concern of this implant. The main finding of this study was the ensuing knee stiffness after a prolonged immobilization and delay in performing surgery and rehabilitation program due to socioeconomic and logistic reasons.

title: XXXX treated with condylar buttress plate in a West African hospital.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Risk factors beyond @entity1 smoking associated with chronic @entity6 are not well understood. We sought to describe the prevalence and risk factors of chronic @entity6 across four distinct settings in Peru with overall low prevalence of @entity1 smoking yet varying degrees of urbanization, daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke and living at high altitude. METHODS: We analyzed data of 2,947 @entity0 from rural and urban Puno, Lima and Tumbes including spirometry, blood samples, anthropometry and administered questionnaires about respiratory symptoms. We used multivariable Poisson regression to assess biologic, socioeconomic and environmental risk factors associated with chronic @entity6 . RESULTS: Overall prevalence of chronic @entity6 was 5.9% (95%CI 5.1%-6.9%) with variation by setting: prevalence was lower in semi-urban Tumbes (1.3%) vs. highly urbanized Lima (8.9%), urban Puno (7.0%) and rural Puno (7.8%; p < 0.001). @entity5 was more common among @entity0 with vs. without @entity3 based on FEV1/FVC< LLN (12.1% vs 5.6%, p < 0.01) and it was associated with increased reporting of @entity4 on exertion (p < 0.001), hospitalization (p = 0.003) and workdays missed due to respiratory symptoms (p  <  0.001). Older age (Prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.23 for each 10-years of age, 95%CI 1.09-1.40) past history of @entity2 (PR = 2.87, 95%CI 1.80-4.56), urbanization (PR  =  3.34, 95%CI 2.18-5.11) and daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke (PR = 2.00, 95%CI 1.30-3.07) were all associated with chronic @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: We found important variations in the prevalence of chronic @entity6 across settings. Prevalence increased with both urbanization and with daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke. Having chronic @entity6 was also associated with worse @entity0 -centered outcomes including @entity4 , hospitalization and missed workdays.

title: Urbanization and Daily Exposure to Biomass Fuel Smoke Both Contribute to XXXX Risk in a Population with Low Prevalence of Daily @entity1 Smoking.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity4 suppressor pathway is frequently inactivated in @entity0 @entity1 , enabling unrestrained proliferation. Most @entity1 , however, maintain expression of a wild-type (WT) @entity4 suppressor protein ( @entity5 ). It is generally in a hyperphosphorylated state (ppRB) because of mutations in upstream regulators such as @entity3 and cyclin D. Hyperphosphorylated ppRB is considered inactive, although data are emerging that suggest it can retain some function. To test the clinical relevance of @entity5 status, we obtained archival tissue sections from 91 cases of @entity6 resected between 2003 and 2008. All cases received @entity2 doublet chemotherapy, and the median survival was 5.9 years. All cases were assessed for @entity5 and ppRB using immunohistochemistry and quantified based on intensity of signal and proportion of positive cells. @entity5 expression was lost in 15% of @entity6 cases. In @entity1 that did not express @entity5 , the survival rate was significantly improved (hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.69; P = .01) in comparison to @entity1 that express @entity5 . @entity5 status was found to be an independent predictor of overall survival on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.73; P = .01) along with increased stage and age. @entity5 status did not alter baseline levels of apoptotic or proliferative markers in these @entity1 , but the DNA damage response protein 53 @entity7 was higher in @entity1 with high levels of @entity5 . In summary, loss of @entity5 expression is associated with improved survival in @entity0 treated with surgical resection and chemotherapy. This may be useful in classifying @entity0 at greatest benefit for aggressive treatment regimes.

title: @entity4 tumor suppressor correlates with improved outcome in @entity0 with XXXX treated with surgery and chemotherapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Renal histological injury patterns in @entity3 2 @entity1 are heterogeneous. We compared renal histological injury patterns using renal biopsy findings with renal function and followed up renal functional changes in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 to determine whether renal function progresses according to injury patterns. DESIGN SETTING @entity0 AND MEASUREMENTS: We examined 111 @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 with percutaneous renal biopsy (78 @entity0 , 52  11   years old, 59 normoalbuminuria, 52 microalbuminuria) and followed up 37 cases for 11   years. Light microscopy of tissues revealed @entity2 patterns as: category I (CI), normal or near-normal structure; @entity7 ( @entity7 ), typical @entity8 ; category III (CIII), atypical (disproportionately severe @entity6 with no/mild @entity2 ). RESULTS: There were 29 CI, 62 @entity7 , and 20 CIII @entity0 . @entity7 @entity0 had a higher frequency of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) G3-4, while the injury pattern distribution was not different among the @entity4 stages. The mean glomerular volume and volume fraction of cortical interstitium were larger than those of controls. The @entity10 index was larger in @entity7 and CIII, while the percent @entity2 was larger in @entity5 G3-4 compared with @entity5 G1-2. Renal function at follow-up was decreased in @entity7 and CIII compared with the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while the @entity9 decline rate was faster in @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: In normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 , loss of @entity9 could indicate typical @entity1 and a high frequency of @entity2 . Urinary biomarkers identifying histological patterns of @entity2 are necessary because @entity9 decline rates differed according to histological injury patterns.

title: Renal histological heterogeneity and functional progress in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric Japanese XXXX with @entity3 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The topography of medium (M)- and short (S)-wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors was studied in the domestic pig retina. Antisera specific for M or S opsin as well as cone photoreceptor proteins arrestin and alpha-transducin were used to label cone types. Retinal wholemounts and their blood vessel patterns were drawn and specific regions removed. The wholemounts were immunocytochemically labelled to detect both M and S cones, and the specific regions labelled to detect S cones. Cones were counted in a 1 mm grid pattern, using the drawings as a guide. @entity1 retina has a high cone density retinal streak extending across the retina covering the optic disc (OD) and horizontal meridian. Densities in the streak are 20,000-35,000 mm(-2). Two higher peaks occur in the streak, one in temporal retina near the OD (39,000 mm(-2)) and the other in nasal retina 5-7 mm from the OD (40,500 mm(-2)). The lowest cone density is in far peripheral inferior retina (7000 mm(-2)). The total number of cones in @entity1 retina is 17-20 million. Both types of cones are found throughout the retina, with S cone percentages ranging from 7.4 to 17.5% in no consistent topographical pattern. S cones have an irregular local distribution which can vary from a regular hexagonal pattern to small clusters of adjacent S cones to small areas lacking S cones. Double-label immunocytochemistry found that virtually all S cone @entity0 ( @entity0 ) contain some M opsin. M cone @entity0 do not label at detectible levels for S opsin. @entity2 retina is widely available, large, has a high cone density and has two types of cones. This tissue should be an excellent source for biochemical analysis of cone proteins, and for in vitro approaches to understanding cone survival factors.

title: Distribution and density of medium- and short-wavelength selective cones in the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with post-chemotherapy nerve-sparing @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Between 1994 and 2008, 92 @entity0 with advanced @entity2 underwent @entity1 after multiple treatments with systemic chemotherapy at our institution. A nerve-sparing @entity1 was carried out in 78 @entity0 (84.8%; median age 32 years). Of them, 19 had a @entity3 and 59 had a @entity3 . RESULTS: Lumbar splanchnic nerves controlling ejaculatory function were macroscopically preserved during @entity1 . Bilateral and unilateral lumbar splanchnic nerves were preserved in 40 @entity0 and 38 @entity0 , respectively. Sixty-five @entity0 could be evaluated for ejaculation. Fifty-four @entity0 (83.1%) achieved antegrade ejaculation with a median postoperative interval of 3 months (range: 1-10 months). Twenty-eight @entity0 (28/30: 93.3%) and 26 @entity0 (26/35: 74.3%) undergoing bilateral and unilateral nerve-sparing @entity1 had antegrade ejaculation, respectively (P = 0.041). Only two @entity0 (2.6%) had mediastinal and retroperitoneal recurrences during a median follow-up of 42 months (range: 1-138 months), respectively. However, these @entity0 were cured by chemotherapy and surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Post-chemotherapy nerve-sparing @entity1 preserves ejaculatory function in the majority of @entity0 with advanced @entity2 without increasing the risk of local recurrence.

title: Post-chemotherapy nerve-sparing XXXX for @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical expression of @entity1 likely occurs when the accumulation of degeneration in specific brain regions leads to the descent below a critical threshold of "brain reserve" beyond which normal cognitive function cannot be maintained. The association between @entity0 ( @entity0 ), a measure of brain reserve, and the incidence of probable @entity1 was examined in a large nondemented cohort that has been followed since 1992 and its modification by @entity2 epsilon 4 genotype. METHODS: Fifty-nine incident cases of probable @entity1 were identified from 1,869 initially nondemented individuals seen at the baseline examination (1992 to 1994) and followed for a mean of 3.8 years. Variables measured at baseline included age, education, gender, @entity0 , height, weight, and score on the National Adult Reading Test-Revised. @entity2 was genotyped at the time of the first biennial examination (1994 to 1996) and was available for 1,111 individuals in the cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for probable @entity1 for @entity0 and other covariates. RESULTS: Incident cases were significantly older, less educated, shorter, and lighter, had lower estimated verbal IQ scores, and were more likely to have at least one @entity2 epsilon 4 allele than unaffected individuals. The HR associated with the lowest tertile of @entity0 (<21.4 inches) adjusted for education, gender, and @entity2 epsilon 4 was 2.3 (95% CI 0.7 to 6.9, p = 0.16). The HR for one or two @entity2 epsilon 4 alleles was significant (HR = 4.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 12.9, p = 0.002). The combination of low @entity0 and @entity2 epsilon 4 strongly predicted earlier onset of @entity1 with HR = 14.1 (95% CI 3.0 to 65, p = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Smaller @entity0 , in the presence of the @entity2 epsilon 4 allele, hastens the age at onset of @entity1 . These results support the brain reserve hypothesis and its importance in precipitating the clinical expression of @entity1 among genetically predisposed individuals.

title: Head circumference and incident @entity1 : modification by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity9 / @entity9 , located on chromosome band 21q22, is one of the most important hematopoietic transcription factors. @entity9 is frequently affected in @entity6 and @entity7 with 21q22 translocations. Recently, @entity9 mutations were found in adult @entity5 , especially @entity8 ( @entity8 )-M0 or @entity6 with acquired trisomy 21, and @entity3 with a predisposition toward @entity8 . Through the use of polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, we examined the @entity9 gene for mutations in 241 @entity0 with pediatric @entity5 , and we detected @entity9 mutations in seven @entity0 (2.9%). Deletion was found in one @entity0 , and point mutations in four @entity0 , including three missense mutations, two silent mutations, and one mutation within an intron resulting in an abnormal splice acceptor site. All of the mutations except for one were heterozygous. Mutations within the runt domain were found in six of seven @entity0 . Six of seven @entity0 with @entity9 mutations were diagnosed with @entity8 , and one had @entity2 . In three of these seven @entity0 , @entity8 evolved from other @entity4 . @entity9 mutations were found in two of four @entity8 and two of three @entity0 with acquired trisomy 21. @entity0 with @entity9 mutations tended to be older @entity0 . Three of four @entity0 with @entity9 mutations who received @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are alive, whereas the remaining three @entity0 with mutations without @entity1 died. These results suggest that @entity9 mutations in pediatric @entity5 are infrequent, but are possibly related to @entity8 , acquired @entity6 . These @entity0 may have a poor clinical outcome.

title: @entity9 / @entity9 mutations are infrequent, but related to @entity8 , acquired @entity6 in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the most prevalent @entity3 in @entity0 and is the most common non-infectious cause of @entity0 morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence demonstrates that genetic defects are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity2 . However, @entity2 is genetically heterogeneous, and the genetic determinants underpinning @entity2 in most @entity0 remain unknown. In this study, the whole coding region of the @entity4 gene (isoform c) was sequenced in 185 unrelated @entity0 with @entity2 . The available relatives of a mutation carrier and 300 unrelated healthy individuals used as controls were also genotyped for @entity4 . The functional characteristics of the mutation were delineated by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, a novel heterozygous @entity4 mutation, @entity6 , was identified in a @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Genetic analysis of the index @entity0 's pedigree showed that the mutation co-segregated with @entity1 . The mutation was absent in 600 reference chromosomes. Biochemical analysis revealed that the @entity6 -mutant @entity4 is associated with significantly reduced transcriptional activity compared with its wild-type counterpart. Furthermore, the mutation markedly decreased the synergistic activation between @entity4 and @entity5 . This study firstly associates @entity4 loss-of-function mutation with increased susceptibility to @entity1 , providing novel insight into the molecular mechanism of @entity2 .

title: XXXX loss-of-function mutation contributes to @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Genetic influences are thought by many to play an important role in the cause of @entity1 . We studied two closely intermarried families (Family G) whose ancestors immigrated to the United States from Russia. We investigated this family clinically, genealogically, and pathologically. Our pedigree contained 102 members spanning six generations, with 10 affected individuals and 1 affected spouse. Detailed telephone interviews were conducted with affected individuals, with their spouses, and with their at-risk siblings. Medical records of deceased and living affected @entity0 were collected. Physical examinations were performed on 7 at-risk and 5 affected @entity0 . Typical levodopa-responsive @entity3 with @entity8 , @entity7 , resting @entity4 , and impaired postural reflexes was seen in 4 members, @entity2 was present in 3, and 3 had both @entity2 and @entity3 . An autopsy completed on 1 individual, our index case, demonstrated Lewy bodies in the brainstem and neocortex and ubiquitin-positive @entity5 in the CA2-3 region of the hippocampus, consistent with the limbic (transitional) form of @entity6 . This family is distinct both clinically and pathologically from several previously reported @entity1 kindreds.

title: @entity3 , XXXX , and @entity6 : study of family G.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived cells have been shown to contribute to endothelial replacement after @entity3 . In vitro culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells produces cells with phenotypic characteristics of endothelium. To test the hypothesis that delivery of autologous culture-modified mononuclear cells (CMMCs) to injured arteries could attenuate the vascular response to injury, a @entity0 model was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in endothelial growth media for 7 to 12 days, yielding highly proliferative cells with distinct endothelial phenotype (expressing CD31 and endothelial @entity2 synthase and capable of acetylated LDL uptake). A @entity0 model of @entity1 was used to evaluate the effect of day 7 CMMC delivery on vascular responses. Animals underwent @entity1 and immediate delivery of autologous CMMCs or buffered saline by 20 minutes of local dwelling. Fluorescence-labeled CMMCs were detected in all vessel layers 4 weeks after delivery. Colonies of cells that localized to the lumen and stained for endothelial markers were also identified. Local CMMC administration at the time of @entity1 accelerated reendothelialization at 4 weeks compared with saline (P<0.05). Moreover, CMMC delivery markedly improved endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity at 4 weeks compared with saline (P<0.005). Finally, CMMC treatment reduced neointimal formation by 55% at 4 weeks (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that delivery of CMMCs to balloon-injured arteries is associated with accelerated reendothelialization, enhanced endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity, and reduced neointimal formation. Thus, delivery of autologous CMMCs represents a novel vasculoprotective approach to attenuate the response to acute @entity3 .

title: Autologous culture-modified mononuclear cells confer vascular protection after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 14 months old male @entity0 was admitted into Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh, with fever, watering, swelling, @entity3 and running nose. On initial examination, @entity0 was febrile, toxic, right-sided severe @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity4 and exposure @entity1 . A sluggish pupillary light reaction was present in the right eye. Visual acuity was not recordable. CT scan of Brain and Orbit revealed, retrobulbar abscess of right orbit. The left eye was normal. The abscess was drained through a wide bore needle. The extraocular motility improved and pupil became brisk with a reduction in the temperature and toxic signs within 48 hours following surgery. Proptosis at the time of discharge from the hospital was @entity1 with no other complication. Post operative 8 months follow up period was excellent.

title: Retrobulbar abscess in a XXXX .

answer: @entity0