abstract: Introduction. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common medical condition; however, the grade of @entity2 usually cannot be established preoperatively. We have attempted to identify some indicators, such as the mean platelet volume ( @entity3 ) and the platelet distribution width (PDW), to diagnose @entity1 . Aims. To evaluate whether or not the @entity3 and PDW are suitable markers to diagnose @entity1 . Methods. A retrospective study of 160 @entity0 with @entity1 and 160 healthy @entity0 was undertaken. Disease diagnosis was confirmed based on the pathologic examination of surgical specimens. @entity0 white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil ratio (NR), platelet (PLT) count, @entity3 , PDW, and hematocrit (HCT) were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these indices in @entity1 . Results. There were no significant differences between the @entity1 and control groups in age and gender. Compared to the control group, the WBC count, NR, and PDW were significantly higher (P < 0.001, resp.) and the @entity3 and HCT were significantly lower (P < 0.001, resp.) in the @entity1 group. The diagnostic specificities of the WBC count, NR, PLT count, @entity3 , PDW, and HCT were 86.3%, 92.5%, 58.1%, 81.7%, 83.9%, and 66.3%, respectively. Therefore, the NR had the highest diagnostic specificity for the diagnosis of @entity1 . Conclusions. This is the first study to assess the @entity3 and PDW in @entity0 with @entity1 . Our present study showed that the @entity3 is reduced and the PDW is increased in @entity0 with @entity1 ; the sensitivity of PDW was superior to the @entity3 . A decreased @entity3 value and an increased PDW could serve as two markers to diagnose @entity1 . The NR had the highest specificity for the diagnosis of @entity1 .

title: Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width as Markers in the Diagnosis of Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee is a challenging clinical problem. We previously reported on the early successful results of autologous chondrocyte transplantation for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. The purpose of the present study was to assess the intermediate to long-term results of this technique in a large group of @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity0 with radiographically documented @entity1 of the knee underwent treatment with autologous chondrocyte transplantation between 1987 and 2000 and were assessed clinically with use of standard rating scales. Twenty-two @entity0 consented to arthroscopic second-look evaluation of graft integrity. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 at the time of autologous chondrocyte transplantation was 26.4 years (range, fourteen to fifty-two years). Seven @entity0 were less than eighteen years old. Thirty-five @entity0 (60%) had juvenile-onset disease, and forty-eight @entity0 (83%) had had a mean of 2.1 prior operations. The defect was located on the medial femoral condyle in thirty-nine @entity0 and on the lateral femoral condyle in nineteen. The mean lesion size was 5.7 cm (2) (range, 1.5 to 12.0 cm (2) ), and the mean defect depth was 7.8 mm (range, 4 to 15 mm). After a mean duration of follow-up of 5.6 years, 91% of the @entity0 had a good or excellent overall rating on the basis of a clinician evaluation and 93% had improvement on a @entity0 self-assessment questionnaire. The Tegner-Wallgren, Lysholm, and Brittberg-Peterson VAS scores were all improved. The macroscopic quality of graft integrity averaged 11.2 on a 12-point scale, with only one graft having a score of <9 points. Two @entity0 had a failure of treatment in the early postoperative period. Only one @entity0 who had had a good or excellent rating at two years had a decline in clinical status at the time of the latest follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity1 lesions of the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation produces an integrated repair tissue with a successful clinical result in >90% of @entity0 . We recommend the wider use of autologous chondrocyte transplantation for this condition.

title: Treatment of XXXX of the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation: results at two to ten years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A distributed network of neurons regulates wake, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and REM sleep. However, there are also glia in the brain, and there is growing evidence that neurons and astroglia communicate intimately to regulate behaviour. To identify the effect of optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes on sleep, the promoter for the astrocyte-specific cytoskeletal protein, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was used to direct the expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and the linked reporter gene, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), in astrocytes. rAAV- @entity2 -ChR2 ( @entity3 )-EYFP or rAAV- @entity2 -EYFP was microinjected (750  nL) into the posterior hypothalamus (bilateral) of @entity0 . Three weeks later baseline sleep was recorded (0  Hz) and 24  h later optogenetic stimulation applied during the first 6  h of the lights-off period. @entity0 with ChR2 were given 5, 10 or 30  Hz stimulation for 6  h (10-ms pulses; 1  mW; 1  min on 4  min off). At least 36  h elapsed between the stimulation periods (5, 10, 30  Hz) and although 0  Hz was always first, the order of the other three stimulation rates was randomised. In @entity0 with ChR2 (n  =  7), 10  Hz, but not 5 or 30  Hz stimulation increased both NREM and REM sleep during the 6-h period of stimulation. Delta power did not increase. In control @entity0 (no ChR2; n  =  5), 10  Hz stimulation had no effect. This study demonstrates that direct stimulation of astrocytes powerfully induces sleep during the active phase of the sleep-wake cycle and underlines the inclusion of astrocytes in network models of @entity1 .

title: Optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes in the posterior hypothalamus increases sleep at night in C57BL/6J XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 and @entity6 , produced mainly by @entity3 and Th17 cells, respectively, have an influential role in @entity5 pathogenesis. We examined the role of @entity7 and @entity6 in mediating @entity2 , and mucus @entity9 in a dual @entity3 /Th17 model of @entity5 . @entity7 and/or @entity6 were neutralized using mAbs. @entity3 /Th17 adoptive transfer induced a mixed @entity5 phenotype characterized by elevated @entity8 and @entity10 , tissue @entity1 , mucus @entity9 , and AHR that were partially reversible with @entity4 treatment. @entity2 and quasi-static lung compliance were largely unaffected by neutralization of @entity7 and/or @entity6 . However, neutralization of @entity7 alone or in combination with @entity6 significantly attenuated AHR and mucus @entity9 . Further, @entity11 activation was attenuated following @entity7 and @entity7 / @entity6 Ab treatment. We next assessed the role of @entity11 in @entity3 /Th17-mediated allergic airway disease using @entity11 (-/-) @entity0 . @entity11 (-/-) @entity0 adoptively transferred with @entity3 /Th17 cells had decreased AHR compared with controls. These data suggest that @entity7 drives AHR and mucus @entity9 in a @entity11 -dependent manner, without directly contributing to airway or tissue @entity1 . @entity6 independently contributes to AHR, but it only partially mediates @entity1 and mucus @entity9 in a mixed @entity3 /Th17 model of @entity4 -resistant @entity5 .

title: Molecular Mechanisms of Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a XXXX Model of @entity4 -Resistant Airway Inflammation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare, in pairwise fashion, the effects of @entity3 and @entity4 during ambulatory cardioversion and early recovery. DESIGN: Clinical, prospective, randomized, blinded, monocenter, pairwise, comparative study SETTING: OR and recovery area of the electrophysiological department, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium. @entity0 : 34 @entity0 with @entity2 who were scheduled for repetitive electrical cardioversion, of whom 25 @entity0 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Nonpremedicated @entity0 received during the first cardioversion either @entity3 (1 mg/kg) or @entity4 (0.2 mg/kg) until @entity1 , followed by electrical external cardioversion. If after restoration of sinus rhythm for at least 1 day, @entity2 reoccurred, a second session was performed a week later, using the other induction drug. MEASUREMENTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values taken before drug administration, at @entity1 , 60 seconds after cardioversion, and awake; the number of shocks, the total amount of energy, the number of @entity0 in which we failed to restore sinus rhythm, the time before opening eyes, answering simple questions and be able to sit, were all noted. Aldrete scores and the Steward postanesthetic recovery scores were noted every minute until 10 minutes after the external cardioversion. Recovery tests were performed and evaluated 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after energy delivery. MAIN RESULTS: Number of shocks, amount of energy, and blood pressure values were comparable in both groups. Recovery times and Aldrete and Steward postanesthetic recovery scores showed a faster awakening in @entity0 who were induced with @entity3 . Overall performance of the psychomotor test was better in the @entity3 group, and most pronounced at 10 and 15 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and @entity3 are both useful during ambulatory external electrical cardioversion. The described doses maintain stable hemodynamic conditions in nonpremedicated @entity0 . Recovery scores and psychomotor test indicate a faster recovery in the @entity3 group. However, no intergroup differences were noted at 20 minutes after the cardioversion. A safe discharge of all @entity0 from the critical care unit or postanesthesia care unit to the ward can be considered after 30 minutes.

title: Ambulatory electrical external cardioversion with XXXX or @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preventing post-surgical complications after @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is of great importance, and application of an appropriate wound dressing is necessary. Since no dressing encompasses all the parameters required for ideal wound healing, a comparison of the available dressing types can assist the surgeon to choose the best dressing after @entity4 . METHODS: Studies evaluating postoperative wound dressings after @entity4 were reviewed in order to assess the outcomes, complications and costs associated with dressing types. RESULTS: Traditional @entity3 dressings have a high ability to absorb exudate. However, they dry out sooner and there is a risk of @entity1 and additional @entity0 during dressing changes. Although vapor permeable dressings allow transmission of moisture, but they have low absorptive capacity and require frequent changes even with moderately exudating wounds. On the other hand, hydrofiber and hydrocolloid dressings have high absorptive capacity and permeability, and can cope with exudate production. They are changed less often and have low blistering rates, which may reduce @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Although the unit cost associated with advanced dressings is much higher than the traditional dressings, the decreased rate of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the cost associated with treating @entity2 more than compensate for it. CONCLUSIONS: Choice of dressing type after @entity4 should depend upon permeability, absorptive capacity, documented rate of @entity2 and cost effectiveness with its use, apart from a surgeon's past clinical experience and familiarity.

title: Wound dressings for primary and revision XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The progression from hospitalization for a @entity9 to requiring substantial supportive therapy is a key stage of the @entity7 severity pyramid. @entity9 are responsible for 300,000-400,000 medical encounters each year among @entity11 military personnel, some of which progress to severe @entity9 . METHODS: We obtained data on 11,086 hospitalizations for @entity4 and @entity7 (P_I) among non-recruit @entity11 military service members during the period of 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2012. From these, we identified 512 P_I hospitalizations that progressed to severe @entity10 using standard case definitions. We evaluated the effect of demographic and occupational characteristics, co-morbid conditions, and history of @entity7 vaccination on the risk of a hospitalized P_I case becoming a severe case. We also evaluated the risk of a severe outcome and the length of time since @entity7 vaccination (within 180, 60, and 30 days). RESULTS: The median age of subjects at the time of the P_I episode was 32 years (range, 28-40) and subjects were predominantly male (89.5%). In a univariate analysis, demographic risk factors for a severe episode included service in the @entity11 Air Force (RR=1.6 relative to @entity11 Army, 95%CI 1.3-2.1), @entity11 Coast Guard (RR=2.1, 1.2-3.7) or @entity11 Navy (RR=1.4, 1.1-1.8). Being born in the @entity11 and recent @entity7 vaccination (within 180 days of episode) were protective against developing severe disease. Among co-morbid conditions, univariate risk factors for severe disease included @entity2 (RR=4.98, 95%CI 4.1-6.1), @entity5 (RR=3.1, 95%CI 2.6-3.7), @entity1 (RR=2.3, 95%CI 1.5-3.6), @entity3 (RR=1.6, 95%CI 1.2-2.1), @entity0 (RR=1.6, 95%CI 1.3-2.0), and @entity8 (RR=1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.7). Although many of the risk factors found to be significant in univariate analysis were no longer significant under a multivariate analysis, receipt of any @entity7 vaccine within 180 days of episode remained protective (RR=0.81, 95%CI 0.67-0.99), while serving in the @entity11 Coast Guard (RR=1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.4) or @entity11 Air Force (RR=1. 5, 95%CI 1.2-2.0), presence of @entity6 (RR=3.6, 95%CI 2.9-4.6), and @entity5 (RR=2.2, 95%CI 1.8-2.8), remained significantly associated with a higher risk of developing severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort, after adjusting for many possible risk factors, @entity7 vaccination was protective against severe @entity10 among P_I hospitalizations. The service-specific ( @entity11 Coast Guard or @entity11 Air Force) increased risk may represent some differences in data (e.g., coding or reporting practices) as opposed to genuine differences in physiological outcome. Our findings suggest that @entity6 as well as @entity5 may contribute to @entity7 severity in this population independently of age and other potential comorbidities. These findings provide additional evidence for the prioritization of specific risk groups within the @entity11 military for @entity7 vaccination.

title: Risk factors for severe outcomes among members of the United States military hospitalized with XXXX and @entity7 , 2000-2012.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND In the United States, approximately 2500 cases of @entity6 occur each year. The average incidence is 1 case/100 000 @entity0 each year. Surgical resection is the mainstay for the treatment of @entity6 . The result of surgery depends on location of the @entity2 , extent of @entity2 penetration of the bile duct, @entity2 -free resection margins, and lymph node and distant metastases. There has been an increase in the incidence of @entity11 ( @entity11 ) globally over a period of 30 years from 0.32/100 000 to 0.85/100 000 @entity0 each year. Epidemiologically, the incidence of @entity11 has been increasing in the U.S. from year 1973 to 2010. CASE REPORT We are reporting a first case of primary @entity11 of pure squamous cell histology. A 64-year-old @entity0 presented with right upper-quadrant @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity7 . Imaging studies revealed a large hepatobiliary mass, intrahepatic bile duct dilation, normal common duct, and absence of @entity12 . Delayed-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed peripheral enhancement of the central lesion, which is typical of @entity6 in @entity4 or @entity1 . Cancer antigen 19-9 was markedly elevated. Liver function tests were deranged. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed high degree of left hepatic duct stricture. Brush cytopathology was positive for atypia. The @entity0 underwent exploratory laparotomy for en-bloc resection of the hepatobiliary mass with colon resection, liver resection, and cholecystectomy. Histology revealed @entity9 . Based on these findings, a definitive diagnosis of well-differentiated @entity9 of the intrahepatic bile duct was made. CONCLUSIONS @entity9 of the biliary tree is very rare and the majority of @entity2 are @entity8 . @entity6 containing a squamous cell component have a poor prognosis due to its @entity3 . However, prognosis of @entity6 with pure SCC histology is unknown because this is the first case in the literature.

title: First Reported Case of Primary XXXX with Pure Squamous Cell Histology: A Case Report.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: prevention of disability is an important aim of healthcare for older @entity0 . Selection of @entity0 at risk is a first crucial step in this process. OBJECTIVES: this study investigates the predictive value of multimorbidity for the development of disability in the general population of very old @entity0 and the role of @entity1 in this association. DESIGN: the Leiden 85-plus Study (1997-2004) is an observational prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. SETTING: general population of the city of Leiden, the Netherlands. SUBJECTS: population based sample of 594 @entity0 aged 85 years. METHODS: disability in activities of daily living (ADL) was measured annually for 5 years with the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (range 9-36, 9 = optimal). Multimorbidity is defined as the presence of two or more @entity2 at age 85 years. Cognitive function was measured at baseline with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). RESULTS: at baseline @entity0 with multimorbidity had higher @entity3 scores compared with those without [median 11 inter-quartile range (IQR 9-16) versus 9 (IQR 9-13) ADL points, Mann-Whitney U test P < 0.001]. Stratified into four MMSE groups, @entity3 increased over time in all groups, even in @entity0 without multimorbidity (P trend <0.001). Multimorbidity predicted accelerated increase in @entity3 in @entity0 with MMSE of 28-30 points (n = 205, 0.67 points/year, P < 0.001), but not in @entity0 with lower MMSE scores (all P > 0.100). CONCLUSION: the predictive value of multimorbidity for the increase in @entity3 varies with cognitive function in very old @entity0 . In very old @entity0 with good cognitive function, multimorbidity predicts accelerated increase in @entity3 . This relation is absent in very old @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: The effect of XXXX on the predictive value of multimorbidity for the increase in disability in the oldest old: the Leiden 85-plus Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The incidence of @entity0 in the US is known to be higher among white than black @entity1 and among @entity1 of higher @entity3 ( @entity3 ), but once a @entity1 , either black or white, has the disease, she is more likely to have a recurrence and to die of @entity0 if she is of lower @entity3 . Explanations for these observed differences are varied and inconsistent making it clear that these reported differentials are not sufficiently understood. In understanding @entity0 in a multicultural setting, delay in diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment are frequently the focus of attention. However these factors do not sufficiently explain the observed differences between blacks and whites. A review of recent literature reveals an increasing focus on the role of @entity3 in @entity0 etiology, and progression; however, the confounding of @entity3 with race/ethnicity (black vs. white) contributes to the insufficient understanding of the effect of these two factors. This report will focus on the interplay between race/ethnicity and @entity3 and their relative effects upon analyses of survival from @entity0 . Findings are based on prospective clinical trial data. @entity3 factors have been associated with most of the known or suspected risk factors for @entity0 incidence and progression. In addition to race/ethnicity, @entity3 is also associated with diet, lifestyle factors, physical characteristics, and @entity2 characteristics. Without controlling for other risk factors, the ratios of risk for blacks with respect to whites for disease-free survival and overall survival were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.04-1.61) and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.15-1.76), respectively. However, after controlling for @entity1 risk factors, such as the number of positive lymph nodes, @entity2 diameter, @entity4 receptor status and socioeconomic factors, these differences decrease and are not statistically significant. Socioeconomic status is associated both with race/ethnicity and @entity4 receptor status. A loglinear analysis demonstrates that the apparent association of race/ethnicity with @entity4 receptor status is mediated by @entity3 . An implication of this finding is that environmental and lifestyle components rather than genetic factors associated with race may explain the observed differentials between black and white @entity0 @entity1 . Knowledge of environmental factors associated with @entity3 have the potential for providing important clues about the prevention and control of @entity0 .

title: Socioeconomic factors and XXXX in black and white Americans.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have further examined the mechanism by which phorbol ester-mediated @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activation protects against @entity0 @entity1 factor ( @entity3 )-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( @entity5 )-induced @entity2 . We now report that activation of @entity10 targets death receptor signaling complex formation. Pre-treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (PMA) led to inhibition of @entity5 -induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, which was characterized by a reduction in phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, decreased @entity11 processing, and incomplete maturation and activation of @entity4 . These effects of PMA were completely abrogated by the @entity10 inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (Bis I), clearly implicating @entity10 in the protective effect of PMA. @entity5 -induced mitochondrial release of the apoptosis mediators @entity9 and @entity13 was blocked by PMA. This, together with the observed decrease in Bid cleavage, suggested that @entity10 activation modulates apical events in @entity5 signaling upstream of mitochondria. This was confirmed by analysis of @entity5 death-inducing signaling complex formation, which was disrupted in PMA-treated cells as evidenced by a marked reduction in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) recruitment, an effect that could not be explained by any change in @entity14 phosphorylation state. In an in vitro binding assay, the intracellular domains of both @entity6 and @entity7 bound @entity14 : activation of @entity10 significantly inhibited this interaction suggesting that @entity10 may be targeting key apical components of death receptor signaling. Significantly, this effect was not confined to @entity5 , because isolation of the native @entity3 receptor signaling complex revealed that @entity10 activation also inhibited @entity3 receptor-associated death domain protein recruitment to @entity12 and @entity3 -induced phosphorylation of @entity8 . Taken together, these results show that @entity10 activation specifically inhibits the recruitment of key obligatory death domain-containing adaptor proteins to their respective membrane-associated signaling complexes, thereby modulating @entity5 -induced apoptosis and @entity3 -induced NF-kappaB activation, respectively.

title: Protein kinase C modulates @entity0 XXXX factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by targeting the apical events of death receptor signaling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Isotope discrimination is a common feature of biosynthesis in nature, with the result that different classes of @entity1 compounds frequently display different @entity7 /(12)C ratios. The @entity7 / @entity8 ratio of lipid in @entity0 tuber tissue is considerably lower than that for starch or protein. We have collected respiratory @entity2 from @entity0 discs in successive periods through 24 hr from the time of cutting-an interval in which the respiration rate rises 3-5-fold. The @entity7 / @entity8 ratio of the evolved @entity2 was determined for each period, and compared with the @entity7 /(12)C ratios of the major tissue metabolites. In the first hours the @entity1 isotope ratio of the @entity2 matches that of lipid. With time, the ratio approaches that typical of starch or protein. An estimation has been made of the contribution of lipid and @entity4 to the total respiration at each juncture. In connection with additional observations, it was deduced that the basal, or initial, respiration represents lipid metabolism-possibly the alpha-oxidation of long chain @entity3 -while the developed repiration represents conventional @entity6 cycle oxidation of the products of @entity4 glycolysis. The true isotopic composition of the respiratory @entity2 may be obscured by fractionation attending the refixation of @entity2 during respiration, and by @entity2 arising from dissolved @entity2 and @entity5 preexisting in the tuber. Means are described for coping with both pitfalls.

title: The prevalence of @entity1 -13 in respiratory carbon dioxide as an indicator of the types of endogenous substrate. The change from lipid to @entity4 during the respiratory rise in XXXX slices.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In pulpal revascularization, a protective material is placed coronal to the blood clot to prevent recontamination and to facilitate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to produce new dental tissues. Although mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been the material of choice for clot protection, it is easily displaced into the clot during condensation. The present study evaluated the effects of recently introduced @entity5 cements ( @entity6 and TheraCal LC) on the viability and osteogenic differentiation of @entity0 dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) by comparing with MTA Angelus. METHODS: Cell viability was assessed using XTT assay and flow cytometry. The osteogenic potential of hDPSCs exposed to @entity5 cements was examined using qRT-PCR for osteogenic gene expressions, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity, @entity2 S staining and transmission electron microscopy of extracellular @entity1 deposits. Parametric statistical methods were employed for analyses of significant difference among groups, with a=0.05. RESULTS: The cytotoxic effects of @entity6 and TheraCal LC on hDPSCs were time- and concentration-dependent. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was enhanced after exposure to @entity6 that was depleted of its cytotoxic components. This effect was less readily observed in hDPSCs exposed to TheraCal LC, although both cements supported extracellular mineralization better than the positive control ( @entity3 - @entity4 -based cement). SIGNIFICANCE: A favorable tissue response is anticipated to occur with the use of @entity6 as a blood clot-protecting material for pulpal revascularization. Further investigations with the use of in vivo animal models are required to validate the potential adverse biological effects of TheraCal LC on hDPSCs.

title: Cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of silicate XXXX cements as potential protective materials for pulpal revascularization.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We performed a retrospective analysis in @entity0 after operative therapy of @entity1 in our institution. @entity0 AND METHODS: 81 @entity0 that underwent surgery from 1990-1995 were analysed retrospectively. The follow up period in these @entity0 was 42 months. RESULTS: In 81 @entity0 a total of 88 operations were performed. 56 @entity0 were operated for the first time. The average @entity0 's age was 35 years (range 14-76 years). @entity1 was located predominantly in the area of the ileocoecal valve. The most frequent operation was the ileocoecal resection. The prevalent operative indication in @entity0 with small intestine Cohn's disease was the obstruction, in small intestine and colon manifestation the @entity2 . Complications in the early postoperative course appeared in 14 % of the @entity0 . Postoperative mortality was 1.1 %. In a postoperative observation period of 3.5 years 3 of 57 @entity0 (5 %) had to undergo surgery again, due to recurrence. Altogether 25 of 81 (31 %) @entity0 revealed a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical therapy of @entity1 can be performed safely and provides long-term recurrence and complaint free periods.

title: [Long-term results after surgical therapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: 1). To describe the factors associated with not receiving an @entity1 diagnosis among @entity0 with frequent wheezing symptoms and 2). to determine risk factors for frequent wheezing in the population. METHODS: The North Carolina School @entity1 Survey provided self-reported questionnaire data on respiratory health from 122 829 @entity0 ages 12 to 18 years enrolled in 499 public middle schools in North Carolina during the 1999-2000 school year. Questions from the International Survey of @entity2 and @entity1 in Childhood were used to estimate the prevalence of @entity1 and wheezing-related illness and associated factors. RESULTS: Factors independently associated with undiagnosed frequent wheezing versus asymptomatic @entity0 included female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-1.54), current smoking (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 2.43-2.79), exposure to household smoke (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.50-1.70), low socioeconomic status (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.42-1.63), and African American (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15-1.34), Native American (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.11-1.62), and Mexican American (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17-1.48) race/ethnicity. Urban residence showed a weak negative association (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.96). A similar pattern of results was observed for analyses comparing odds of undiagnosed frequent wheeze versus diagnosed @entity3 . Report of @entity2 was less likely in frequent wheezers (70%) compared with diagnosed @entity3 (86%), but much higher than in asymptomatic @entity0 (36%). Thirty-three percent of @entity0 with undiagnosed frequent wheezing reported 1 or more physician visits in the last year for wheezing or breathing problems compared with 71% of @entity0 with diagnosed @entity1 , and 4% in asymptomatic @entity0 . The prevalence of any inhaler use in the past 12 months was 12% for undiagnosed frequent wheezers versus 78% for diagnosed @entity3 . The proportion of undiagnosed frequent wheezers with fair or poor self-rated health (23%) was slightly higher than diagnosed @entity3 (20%) and much higher than asymptomatic @entity0 (4%). CONCLUSIONS: In one of the largest adolescent @entity1 surveys ever reported in the United States, undiagnosed frequent wheezing was independently associated with female gender, current smoking, exposure to household smoke, low socioeconomic status, @entity2 , and African American, Native American, and Mexican American race/ethnicity. @entity0 with undiagnosed frequent wheezing were not receiving adequate health care for their @entity1 -like illness. Clinicians who treat adolescents should consider asking adolescents specifically about wheezing. This information may assist primary care physicians in identifying @entity0 with undiagnosed @entity1 in need of treatment.

title: Who gets diagnosed with @entity1 ? Frequent wheeze among adolescents with and without a diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Whereas @entity4 is effective in the treatment of locally advanced/metastatic @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity1 are common side effects of such treatment. The main objective of this study was to monitor the nutritional status of @entity4 -treated @entity0 . Secondary objective was to assess the incidence of @entity3 and the benefit of early nutritional management. METHODS: This prospective study included all @entity0 who started @entity4 between October 2011 and May 2013 at Nantes University Hospital. Prior to July 2012, @entity0 treated with @entity4 had not received any specific nutritional management (Historical cohort). Body weight and presence of @entity3 were recorded monthly. @entity0 treated after July 2012 (Nutrition cohort)   were evaluated by a physician of the Nutrition Support Unit and received dietary counseling at @entity4 initiation. A standardized nutritional management protocol was initiated in case of significant @entity1 . RESULTS: Forty-five @entity0 (21 and 24 in the Nutrition and Historical cohort, respectively) were enrolled. In the Nutrition cohort, five @entity0 (24  %) were undernourished at @entity4 initiation, and the 6-month cumulative incidence of @entity3 was 71  %. Eight @entity0 (38  %) and 13 @entity0 (54  %) had a @entity1 greater than 5  % in the Nutrition and Historical cohort, respectively (p   =   0.3727). CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study suggest the benefit of early nutritional screening. The potential benefit of nutritional support in this setting warrants further investigation.

title: Dysgeusia and @entity1 under treatment with XXXX : benefit of nutritional management.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) often manifest abnormalities at rest in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and reduced exercise tolerance. It is possible that abnormalities in filling persist during exercise and are partially related to abnormal exercise tolerance. We examined rest and exercise peak filling rate (PFR) to determine if changes in PFR during exercise influence exercise performance. We studied 20 @entity0 with @entity2 who had no evidence of @entity3 (negative thallium-201 stress imaging) and 15 @entity0 with prior @entity4 , preserved ejection fraction, and no @entity1 by thallium-201 stress imaging. Results were compared with 20 normal subjects. All 55 subjects had rest and exercise radionuclide angiograms Peak workload, exercise time, and LV ejection fraction were reduced in subjects with @entity3 (57 +/- 24 W, 7.41 +/- 2.91 min, and 60 +/- 9%) compared with subjects with @entity2 (72 +/- 21 W, 9.69 +/- 3.03 min, and 70 +/- 6%, p <0.05) and controls (80 +/- 30 W, 10.82 +/- 3.50 min, and 67 +/- 6%, p <0.05). PFR at rest was reduced in @entity3 subjects (2.40 +/- 0.70 end-diastolic volume per second [EDV/s]) compared with those with @entity2 (2.89 +/- 0.70 EDV/s, p <0.02) and controls (3.23 +/- 0.52 EDV/s, p <0.0002). The increments in PFR during exercise were reduced in @entity3 @entity0 (+1.76 +/- 0.95 EDV/s) compared with @entity2 subjects (+2.93 +/- 1.7 EDV/s) and controls (+3.22 +/- 1.4 EDV/s, p <0.05). The increment in PFR during exercise was related to exercise performance (r = 0.49, p <0.0002). These findings suggest that alterations in LV diastolic filling during exercise are important determinants of exercise performance.

title: Relation of changes in left ventricular peak filling rate during exercise to exercise performance in XXXX and in healed @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: RATIONALE: Sputum biomarkers of @entity2 and @entity1 are noninvasive measures that enable quantification of the complex pathophysiology of @entity7 . Validation of these biomarkers as correlates of disease severity is a key step for their application. OBJECTIVES: We constructed a large database from four multicenter studies to quantify the strength of association between expectorated sputum biomarkers and FEV(1.) METHODS: FEV(1) (range, 25-120% predicted) and quantitative data on expectorated sputum biomarkers including free neutrophil elastase, @entity3 , neutrophils, @entity5 , and @entity4 were obtained from 269 @entity0 (ages, 9-54 years) from 33 centers. Cross-sectional and longitudinal statistical analyses were performed to estimate associations between the markers and FEV(1), including the use of multivariable analyses. RESULTS: Elastase was negatively correlated with FEV(1) (correlation [r] = -0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.46, -0.22). On average, @entity0 with @entity6 who differed in their elastase measurements by 0.5 log differed in their FEV(1) values by -7.3% (95% CI: -9.7, -4.6). Neutrophil counts and @entity3 were also each negatively correlated. In a multivariable regression, elastase and neutrophil counts were able to explain the majority of variation in FEV(1). Elastase was further shown to have a significant longitudinal association with FEV(1), specifically a -2.9% decline in FEV(1) (95% CI: -5.0, -0.9) per 1-log increase in elastase. Although correlated with FEV(1), bacterial densities were unable to explain clinically meaningful differences in FEV(1) within and across @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These data support the role of sputum biomarkers as correlates of disease severity in a diverse @entity6 population.

title: Association between pulmonary function and sputum biomarkers in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Progressive @entity7 ( @entity8 ) is often characterized by @entity2 -induced self-mutilation with minimal response to medical therapy. The causative @entity6 is likely to progress to @entity1 necessitating transplantation. Partial external biliary diversion has been used with promising results for the @entity5 and debilitating @entity2 but all the potential complications and aesthetic concerns of long-term stomas attend this approach. METHODS: The authors describe a terminal ileal exclusion that was first developed for @entity0 who had previously undergone cholecystectomy. Over a 3-year period, we identified for study seven @entity0 with liver histology characteristic of @entity8 accompanying a clinical picture of chronic @entity6 without a defined metabolic or anatomic abnormality. The first two @entity0 underwent a cholecystojejunal cutaneous stoma, until now, the recommended treatment for this condition. The third had previously undergone cholecystectomy so an ileocolonic @entity3 was performed excluding the distal 15% of the small bowel. This @entity0 had complete relief of @entity2 without evidence of @entity4 . Two more terminal ileal exclusions were performed with similar results before standardizing this approach. The authors approximated small intestinal length using Siebert's graph relating crown-heel length to small intestinal length. The midpoint between the mean and one standard deviation below the mean was determined. Fifteen percent of the estimated small bowel length was measured back from the ileocecal valve and then divided using a linear stapling device. A stapled @entity3 was created between the proximal ileum and the cecum, bypassing the terminal ileum. RESULTS: Four of five @entity0 have had relief from their @entity2 and self-mutilation with no evidence of @entity4 . Terminal ileal bypass offers a stoma-free, completely reversible "biliary diversion." CONCLUSION: Early results on a few @entity0 are promising, but long-term evaluation of growth, development, and liver function and histology is needed before advocating this as the primary therapy for @entity8 .

title: Ileal exclusion for XXXX : an alternative surgical approach with promising early results for @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure with the presence of microbubbles has been shown to transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and thus has potential to enhance the delivery of various kinds of therapeutic agents into @entity4 . The purpose of this study was to assess the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of FUS-BBB opening for enhanced @entity5 ( @entity6 ) delivery in @entity2 treatment. FUS exposure with microbubbles was delivered to open the BBB of @entity3 that were either normal or implanted with U87 @entity0 @entity2 cells. Different @entity6 dose regimens were tested, ranging from 2.5 to 25 mg/kg. Plasma and brain samples were obtained at different time-points ranging from 0.5 to 4 hours, and the @entity6 concentration within samples was quantitated via a developed LC-MS/MS procedure. @entity1 progression was followed with T2-MRI, and animal survival and brain tissue histology were conducted. Results demonstrated that FUS-BBB opening caused the local @entity6 accumulation in the brain to increase from 6.98 to 19 ng/mg. @entity6 degradation time in the @entity1 core was found to increase from 1.02 to 1.56 hours. Improved @entity1 progression and animal survival were found at different @entity6 doses (up to 15% and 30%, respectively). In conclusion, this study provides preclinical evidence that FUS-BBB opening increases the local concentration of @entity6 to improve the control of @entity1 progression and animal survival, suggesting the potential for clinical application to improve current @entity4 treatment.

title: Pharmacodynamic and therapeutic investigation of focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening for enhanced @entity5 delivery in XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a @entity2 that is being characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in the brain. The protective effect of @entity10 is unclear. There are lots of contradictions in the literature with regard to the cytoprotective role of @entity4 . To date, there is no solid evidence that shows the protective role of @entity10 in @entity3 . In the current study, the potential of two @entity10 (i.e. @entity4 and @entity7 ) in alleviating @entity8 ( @entity9 )-induced @entity1 in PC12 cells was examined. METHODS: Cultured PC12 cells were either treated with @entity9 + alone or co-treated with one of the @entity10 for 1  day. Cell viability was then assessed by using the @entity5 ( @entity0 ) assay. RESULTS: Cells treated with 500  M @entity9 + for a day reduced cell viability to ~70% as compared to control group. @entity7 (50 and 100  M) significantly reduced @entity9 +-induced cell death back to ~85-90% of the control value. The protective effect could be mimicked by @entity4 , but not by @entity12 . CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity7 and @entity4 are able to inhibit @entity9 +-induced @entity1 in PC12 cells. The protection is not mediated via @entity11 ( @entity6 -y). Overall, the results suggest the potential role of @entity10 in the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Protective effect of @entity4 and XXXX on @entity8 -induced @entity1 in PC12 cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: An evaluation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) screening and pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation in reducing @entity2 and improving fast-track recovery in high-risk @entity0 who undergo resection for @entity1 . METHODS: Of 342 potential @entity1 cases, 142 high-risk @entity0 were finally divided into two groups: group R (n = 71) underwent an intensive pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP), followed by lobectomy; group S (n = 71) underwent only lobectomy with conventional management. @entity2 , average days in hospital, postoperative days in hospital, and cost were analyzed. RESULTS: The 142 high-risk @entity0 were screened by smoking history and CPET. Sixty-eight @entity0 had @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 47 @entity0 had peak expiratory flow <250   L/minute by CPET. The rate of postoperative total complications in group R (16.90%) was significantly lower than in group S (83.31%) (P = 0.00), as was the rate of @entity2 PPC: group R (12.81%) versus   S (13.55%) (P = 0.009); the PPC in the left lung (17.9%) was higher than in the right lung (2.3%) (P = 0.00). The average days in hospital in group S was significantly higher than in group R (P = 0.03). There was no difference between groups in average hospital cost (P = 0.304). CONCLUSION: Pre-operative screening using CPET is conducive to identifying high-risk @entity0 for lung resection. Pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation is helpful to @entity2 and improve fast-track recovery.

title: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing screening and pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation XXXX and improve fast-track recovery after @entity1 surgery: A study for 342 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The damage from rapid high energy impacts to cartilage may contribute to the development of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Understanding how and when cells are damaged during and after the impact may provide insight into how these lesions progress. Mature @entity1 articular cartilage on the intact patella was impacted with a flat impacter to 53 MPa in 250 ms. Cell viability was determined by culturing the cartilage with @entity3 for 18 h or for 4 days in medium containing 5% serum before labeling (5-day sample) and compared to adjacent, non-impacted tissue as viable cells per area. There was a decrease in viable cell density only in specimens with macroscopic cracks and the loss was localized primarily near matrix cracks, which were in the upper 25% of the tissue. This was confirmed using confocal microscopy with a fluorescent live/dead assay, using @entity5 and @entity4 . Cell viability in the impacted regions distant from visible cracks was no different than the non-impacted control. At 5 days, viable cell density decreased in the surface layer in both the control and impacted tissue, but there was no additional impact-related change. In summary, cell @entity0 after the impaction of cartilage on bone occurred around impact induced cracks, but not in impacted areas without cracks. If true in vivo, early stabilization of the damaged area may prevent late sequelae that lead to @entity2 .

title: Cell XXXX after cartilage impact occurs around matrix cracks.

answer: @entity0


abstract: It has been argued on both evolutionary and functional grounds that genes must be shared by the @entity0 sex chromosomes. The only direct evidence for such genes is our previous finding that loci on the @entity0 X ( @entity4 ) and Y ( @entity4 ) chromosomes encode a species-specific @entity3 recognised by the monoclonal antibody 12E7. These loci map to the regions of the sex chromosomes which pair at meiosis, and @entity4 has been shown to escape X-inactivation. We have used immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional @entity2 gel electrophoresis to compare the products of @entity4 and @entity4 . The @entity0 specific molecule recognised by the 12E7 antibody is a membrane-associated polypeptide of mol. wt. 32.5 kd and pI = 5.0. No difference in size or charge has been detected between X and Y encoded forms of this molecule confirming that @entity4 is a functional homologue of @entity4 . An intracellular polypeptide of mol. wt. 29 kd and pI = 7.0 present in the cytoplasm of both @entity0 and @entity1 cells is also recognised by the 12E7 antibody.

title: Biochemical analysis of an antigen produced by both XXXX sex chromosomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a European multicentre phase II study, 80 postmenopausal @entity1 (pts) with @entity0 progressing on @entity8 (AG) at daily doses of > or = 500 mg were enrolled. Seventy-eight received @entity9 (200 mg daily orally), including 33 pts resistant to prior AG, 39 pts who had progressed after an initial response to AG, and 6 pts whose response to AG was either unavailable or not evaluable. Three pts were pretreated with AG only, 69 with @entity6 and AG, and 6 with @entity6 , AG and other hormone therapies; 55% had also previously received chemotherapy. The predominant site of disease was visceral in 34 cases, bone in 27 and soft tissue in 17. Based on Peer Review assessment, the overall objective response rate (CRs plus PRs) was 26% (12% in pts resistant to AG and 33% in AG-responsive pts). Disease stabilisation > or = 24 weeks was achieved in an additional 13% of @entity1 (15% of those resistant to AG and 13% of those AG-responsive), resulting in an overall success rate of 39% (28-50, 95% confidence interval). The median duration of objective response, overall success and median TTP were 59, 48 and 21 weeks, respectively. @entity3 were usually mild to moderate in severity, with hot flushes (21%), @entity4 (19%), @entity7 (12%), @entity5 (12%), increased sweating (12%), androgenic symptoms (10%) and peripheral @entity2 (9%) as the most common side-effects. Only 2 pts (3%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events. These results are very promising considering that @entity9 was administered as third- or fourth-line hormonal treatment in most cases and confirm previous observations about the lack of cross-resistance when steroidal aromatase inhibitors are sequenced with the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor AG.

title: Third-line hormonal treatment with @entity9 in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 progressing on @entity8 : a phase II multicentre multinational study. XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In non-osteoporotic postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 , aromatase inhibitors (AIs) negatively affected @entity2 ( @entity2 ), lumbar spine @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a bone microarchitecture index, and hip geometry as a bone macroarchitecture index. INTRODUCTION: AIs increase the risk of @entity4 in @entity1 with @entity0 . Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the long-term skeletal effects of AIs in postmenopausal @entity1 with primary @entity0 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective longitudinal observational study in non-osteoporotic @entity1 with @entity0 who were treated with AIs for >= 3  years (T-score >-2.5). @entity1 with previous anti- @entity3 treatment or those who were given @entity5 during AI treatment were excluded from the analysis. We serially assessed @entity2 , lumbar spine @entity2 , and hip geometry using dual-energy X- @entity6 absorptiometry. RESULTS: @entity2 significantly decreased from baseline to 5  years at the lumbar spine (-6.15%), femur neck (-7.12%), and total hip (-6.35%). Lumbar spine @entity2 also significantly decreased from baseline to 5  years (-2.12%); this change remained significant after adjusting for lumbar spine @entity2 . The annual loss of lumbar spine @entity2 and @entity2 slowed after 3 and 1  year of treatment, respectively, although there was a relatively constant loss of @entity2 at the femur neck and total hip for up to 4  years. The cross-sectional area, cross-sectional moment of inertia, minimal neck width, femur strength index, and section modulus significantly decreased, although the buckling ratio increased over the treatment period (all P  <  0.001); these changes were independent of total hip @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term adjuvant AI treatment negatively influenced bone quality in addition to @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity0 . This study suggests that early monitoring and management are needed in non-osteoporotic @entity1 with @entity0 who are starting AIs.

title: Long-term effect of aromatase inhibitors on bone microarchitecture and macroarchitecture in non-osteoporotic postmenopausal XXXX with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to examine the specificity of the diagnostic criteria of @entity5 , we studied 543 @entity0 with @entity6 without clinical evidence of @entity5 (307 @entity0 and 236 @entity0 , aged 60.4 +/- 11.1 years old). Moderate or severe @entity2 @entity0 , whose @entity4 index (PNI) was below 80% of the normal, counted 169. Twenty out of 169 @entity1 @entity0 fulfilled the electrophysiologic criteria of @entity5 . This number corresponded to more than 3.7% of the total @entity1 . Motor conduction velocity category was fulfilled in 90%, conduction block in 65%, distal motor latency in 70% and F-wave latency category in 90% of 20 @entity0 . Incomplete conduction block in the peroneal nerve and abnormally prolonged distal latency in the median nerve were frequent. These findings may reflect an overlaying focal compression. Decreased motor conduction velocity or prolonged F-wave latency were observed almost equally in every nerve. Electrophysiologic diagnostic criteria of @entity5 was prepared to confirm the demyelinating nature of the @entity2 , and other @entity3 should be ruled out. @entity1 @entity0 who fulfilled this criteria was not rare. This fact is important, because clinical and CSF criteria of @entity5 will be cleared in most of the @entity1 @entity0 ; some @entity6 can be diagnosed as probable @entity5 .

title: [Incidence of @entity6 which fulfills electrophysiologic criteria of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy of gamma-probe radiolocalization of the first draining (sentinel) lymph node ( @entity3 ) in stage N0 @entity2 of the head and neck and to evaluate its potential role in the staging and treatment of this disease. DESIGN: Gamma-probe radiolocalization, a new alternative to blue-dye lymphatic mapping, uses a scintillation (gamma) probe to identify radiolabeled SLNs. In a consecutive sample clinical trial, gamma-probe radiolocalization of the @entity3 is compared with lymphoscintigraphy and blue-dye lymphatic mapping. Follow-ups ranged from 1.7 years to 4 years, with a mean follow-up of 2.5 years. SETTING: Tertiary and private care teaching hospital. @entity0 : Between June 1993 and November 1995, 23 @entity0 with stage N0 intermediate-thickness @entity2 of the head and neck were enrolled in this volunteer sample. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty-four hours prior to surgery, a radioactive tracer was intradermally injected around the circumference of a primary @entity2 . Twelve @entity0 also had blue dye injected just prior to surgical resection. Using a handheld gamma probe, radiolabeled lymph nodes were identified and selectively removed with minimal dissection. In @entity0 with nodes with histologic evidence of @entity1 , a regional lymphadenectomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The successful identification of radiolabeled SLNs, the correlation of @entity3 radiolabeling to lymphoscintigraphy and blue-dye mapping, and the long-term development of regional @entity1 . RESULTS: Surgeons successfully resected the radiolabeled SLNs in 22 (96%) of 23 @entity0 . The success rate of blue-dye lymphatic mapping was 8 (75%) of 12 @entity0 and lymphoscintigraphy was 20 (91%) of 22 @entity0 . One hundred percent of blue-stained lymph nodes were radiolabeled. The one @entity0 in whom no @entity3 could be identified developed regional disease at 17 months. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma-probe radiolocalization and resection of the radiolabeled @entity3 is a simple and reliable method of staging regional lymph nodes and determining the need for elective lymphadenectomy.

title: Localization of regional lymph nodes in XXXX of the head and neck.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4090 Background: Both radicality and minimal invasiveness are essential for the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), because in 85% of all @entity0 the condition is associated with @entity8 . @entity7 ion radiotherapy is expected to potentially have both the natures because of its excellent dose distribution and its high cytocidal effect resulting from biologically unique characteristics. METHODS: Forty-four @entity0 with histologically documented @entity4 were treated with 4-fraction @entity7 ion radiotherapy of 52.8 GyE total dose from April 2001 to February 2003. In this report, thirty-six @entity0 with 36 lesions, whose follow-up periods were longer than one year, were the subjects. Fifteen had recurrent @entity1 (locally: 9, regionally: 6). Six were at Stage I of the disease, 20 at Stage II and 10 at Stage IIIA according to the UICC criteria (Sixth Edition). @entity0 -Pugh grade was A in 28 and B in 8 @entity0 . Mean maximum @entity1 size was 4.0 (1.2-7.5) cm in diameter. Anti- @entity1 effect was evaluated by the @entity1 response based on the WHO criteria, cumulative local control rate and overall survival rate calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. NCI-Common @entity3 Criteria (CTC) modified by the @entity2 Working Group and RTOG/EORTC criteria were used for evaluation of @entity3 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 23 (15-31) months, no severe adverse effects and no treatment-related @entity5 have occurred. As to the @entity1 response, the ratio of the number of CR and PR to that of all the lesions was 28/36 (78%). Local control rates were 97% and 89% at 1 and 2 year, respectively. Overall survival rates were 92% and 85% at 1 and 2 year, respectively. Within 3 months after the start of therapy, Grade 3 hepatic reaction according to the modified CTC was observed in 3% out of the subjects. Within 3 to 12 months after the start of therapy, no Grade 3 or more hepatic reaction was observed. None of the subjects died of @entity9 within 1 year after the start of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Four-fraction @entity7 ion radiotherapy using 52.8 GyE total dose preliminarily proved to be safe and effective for @entity0 with @entity4 associated with @entity6 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Four-fraction XXXX ion radiotherapy for @entity4 : results of a phase II clinical trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: In vitro culture of porcine bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in varying pH microenvironments in a three-dimensional hydrogel system. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the response of BMSCs to varying pH environments (blood [pH 7.4], healthy @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (pH 7.1), mildly degenerated @entity3 (pH 6.8), and severely degenerated @entity3 (pH 6.5) in three-dimensional culture under normoxic (20%) and @entity2 (5%) conditions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The @entity3 is an avascular organ relying on diffusion of essential nutrients through the cartilaginous endplates (CEPs) thereby creating a challenging microenvironment. Within a degenerated @entity3 , @entity0 and @entity1 concentrations decrease further (<5% @entity0 , <5mmol/L @entity1 ) and matrix acidity (<pH 6.8) increases resulting in especially adverse conditions. This has major implications for injectable cell-based strategies as these adverse microenvironmental conditions might severely affect the survival and regenerative potential of transplanted cells. METHODS: BMSCs were encapsulated in 1.5% alginate and ionically cross-linked in 102mmol/L @entity4 solution to form beads (diameter=5mm), which were cultured in different microenvironmental conditions (pH 6.5, 6.8, 7.1, and 7.4; @entity0 : 5% and 20%). RESULTS: This study demonstrated decreased DNA content, increased cell death and minimal sulphated-glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and collagen accumulation at pH 6.5 with increased proliferation, sustained cell viability and increased sGAG and collagen accumulation in pH 6.8 or higher. These findings suggest that there is a threshold at pH 6.8, below which cells cannot survive and accumulate nucleus pulposus-like matrix components (sGAG and collagen). CONCLUSION: Translation into a multimodal protocol requires the survival of stem cells and their ability to function normally amidst the harsh microenvironment. This study demonstrates the critical implication of degeneration stage and suggests stratified targeting to identify suitable candidates through measurement of the local pH thereby maximizing the efficacy for @entity3 cellular regenerative interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Response to Intervertebral Disc-Like Matrix Acidity and XXXX Concentration: Implications for Cell-based Regenerative Therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: No preventive pharmacologic strategies have been proven efficacious for the prevention of postoperative effusions after cardiac surgery. @entity3 is safe and efficacious for the prevention of @entity2 . On this basis, we realized a substudy of the COPPS trial to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity3 for the prevention of postoperative pericardial and @entity1 . METHODS: The COPPS is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial, where 360 consecutive @entity0 (mean age 65.7    12.3 years, 66% @entity0 ), 180 in each treatment arm, were randomized on the third postoperative day to receive placebo or @entity3 for 1 month (1.0 mg twice daily for the first day, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.5 mg twice daily in @entity0 >= 70 kg, and halved doses for @entity0 <70 kg). The incidence of postoperative effusions was evaluated in each study group. RESULTS: Despite similar baseline features, @entity3 significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative pericardial (12.8% vs 22.8%, P = .019, relative risk reduction 43.9%, no. of @entity0 needed to treat 10) and @entity1 (12.2% vs 25.6%, P = .002, relative risk reduction 52.3%, no. of @entity0 needed to treat 8). The rate of side effects (only gastrointestinal intolerance) and drug withdrawal was similar in the study groups with a trend toward an increased rate of both events for @entity3 . In multivariable analysis, female gender (hazard ratio 1.76, 95% CI 1.03-3.03, P = .040) and pleura incision (hazard ratio 2.58, 95% CI 1.53-4.53, P < .001) were risk factors for postoperative effusions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is safe and efficacious for the primary prevention of postoperative effusions after cardiac surgery.

title: XXXX prevents early postoperative pericardial and @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) may improve @entity6 / @entity7 (IC/BPS) symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency and perhaps even @entity2 , but objective measures of improvement are lacking. We evaluated the potential for urinary chemokines to serve as measures of treatment response over time to SNM. METHODS: @entity0 with IC/BPS undergoing SNM consented for this study. Three-day bladder/ @entity2 diaries were collected at baseline and validated @entity6 Symptom Problem Index (ICSPI) scores and mid-stream urine specimens were collected at baseline and at 24   weeks after successful implant. Collected urine was screened for @entity3 by dipstick and analyzed for chemokines by luminex xMAP analysis. RESULTS: At baseline (n   =   16), urine levels of @entity9 positively correlated with @entity2 score (r   =   0.63, P   =   0.009), urgency (r   =   0.61, P   =   0.01), ICSPI (r   =   0.43, P   =   0.09) and daily voids (r   =   0.44, P   =   0.08). ICSPI and @entity2 scores also positively correlated with sIL-1ra (r   =   0.50, P   =   0.04) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or @entity8 positively correlated with daily voids (r   =   0.45, P   =   0.07) only. At 24   weeks, the median ICSPI index fell from 28 to 15 (n   =   7, P   =   0.008). Urine levels of sIL-1ra (633.8        188.2 vs. 149.9        41.62   pg/mL) and @entity8 (448.3        11.6 vs. 176.9        46.16   pg/mL) and @entity10 (20.78        4.09 vs. 11.21        4.12   pg/mL) were also significantly reduced at the follow-up relative to baseline values (P   =   0.04). Multivariable analysis of data revealed that sIL-1ra and @entity8 together explained the majority of variance in data. Levels of @entity9 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 ( @entity1 ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were also reduced at 24   weeks, but differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant decrease in urine levels of chemokines especially @entity8 was associated with treatment response of SNM. These results support the role of chemokines as downstream effectors of neuromodulation response and could serve as potential non-invasive measures of treatment response. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01739946.

title: Effect of Sacral Neuromodulation on Outcome Measures and Urine Chemokines in @entity6 / XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity3 ), an oxidant generated by inflammatory cells, is an important mediator of injury of endothelial cells (ECs). Here we show that @entity3 induces up-regulation of the expression of Fas, a death signal, in @entity0 ECs in culture. Flow cytometric analysis with a mAb against @entity0 Fas showed that incubation for 24 h with @entity3 induced a dose-dependent increase in the level of Fas in ECs. Coincubation with catalase, which rapidly degrades @entity3 , inhibited @entity3 -induced up-regulation of Fas. @entity3 also induced a dose-dependent increase in Fas mRNA level. A significant increase in Fas mRNA levels was observed from 6 h after stimulation with @entity3 . @entity7 , a protein phosphatase inhibitor, significantly enhanced Fas mRNA and protein levels in @entity3 -treated ECs. On the other hand, @entity5 , a @entity4 kinase inhibitor, inhibited @entity3 -induced Fas mRNA expression. Furthermore, a flow cytometric method with @entity6 staining and electron microscopic analysis showed that incubation with an agonistic Ab against Fas (anti-Fas IgM) induced apoptosis in @entity3 -treated cells. These findings suggest that @entity3 induces up-regulation of Fas in ECs and that activation of protein @entity4 kinase may be involved in the mechanism of @entity3 -induced Fas expression. Therefore, Fas-mediated apoptosis may have a pathologic role in @entity3 -induced @entity1 and thereby provide a new therapeutic target.

title: @entity2 induces up-regulation of Fas in XXXX endothelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We describe EMG responses recorded in active @entity3 muscles following unilateral and bilateral electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS, current pulses of 5 mA intensity, 2 ms duration, 3 Hz frequency). Averaged responses in unrectified @entity3 EMG induced by unilateral EVS were examined in 16 healthy subjects; effects induced by bilateral (transmastoid) stimulation were studied in 10 subjects. Results showed that unilateral as well as bilateral EVS induces bilaterally a clear biphasic response (onset latency ranging from 7.2 to 8.8 ms), that is of equal amplitude and latency contra- and ipsilateral to the stimulation site. In all subjects, unilateral cathodal stimulation induced a positive-negative response termed @entity2 /n15 according to its mean peak latency; the anodal stimulation induced a response of opposite polarity (n11/ @entity4 ) in 11/16 subjects. Cathodal responses were significantly larger than anodal responses. Bilateral stimulation induced a @entity2 /n15 response significantly larger than that induced by the unilateral cathodal stimulation. Recordings from single motor units showed that responses to cathodal stimulation corresponded to a brief (2-4 ms) silent period in motor unit discharge rate. The magnitude of EVS-induced @entity3 response was linearly related to current intensity and scaled with the mean level of EMG activity. The size of the @entity2 /n15 response was asymmetrically modulated when subjects were tilted on both sides; in contrast @entity1 did not exert any influence. Control experiments excluded a possible role of cutaneous receptors in generating the @entity3 response. We conclude that transmastoid electrical stimulation evokes vestibulomasseteric reflexes in healthy @entity0 at latencies consistent with a di-trisynaptic pathway.

title: A short latency vestibulomasseteric reflex evoked by electrical stimulation over the mastoid in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The epigenetic modification of vascular smooth muscle cell  (VSMC) phenotypic switching, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and extracellular matrix synthesis is known to occur in @entity0 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of IOX1, a Jumonji domain-containing  2A  ( @entity5 ) inhibitor, on regulation of the cell cycle in @entity2  ( @entity4  II)-stimulated VSMCs and to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. The proliferation and migration of the @entity4  II-stimulated VSMCs in the presence or absence of IOX1 were evaluated in  vitro. Flow cytometric analysis was used to determine the effects of IOX1 on cell cycle progression. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were carried out to measure the expression levels of cell cycle-related genes. The trimethylation of histone  H3 lysine  9  (H3K9me3) at the promoters of these genes was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation  (ChIP) assay. We confirmed that the @entity5 levels were increased, whereas the H3K9me3 levels were decreased in the @entity4  II-stimulated VSMCs. The inhibition of @entity5 by IOX1 suppressed the @entity4  II-induced cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression by inhibiting @entity3 expression and increasing @entity1 expression. The underlying mechanisms were related to the restoration of the H3K9me3 levels at the promoters of these genes. In conclusion, the findings of our study indicate that IOX1 exerts its anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects by regulating the expression of the cell cycle-related proteins, @entity3 and @entity1 .

title: IOX1, a @entity5 inhibitor, suppresses the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by XXXX by regulating the expression of cell cycle-related proteins.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparative outcomes after endoscopic drainage of specific types of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections, defined by using standardized nomenclature, have not been described. This study sought to determine outcome differences after attempted endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections classified as @entity1 , @entity3 . METHODS: Outcomes were retrospectively analyzed for consecutive @entity0 with symptoms caused by pancreatic fluid collections referred for endoscopic transmural and/or transpapillary drainage. RESULTS: Complete endoscopic resolution was achieved in 113 of 138 @entity0 (82%). Resolution was significantly more frequent in @entity0 with @entity2 (59/64, 92%) than acute @entity3 (23/31, 74%, p = 0.02) or @entity1 (31/43, 72%, p = 0.006). Complications were more common in @entity0 with @entity1 (16/43, 37%) than chronic (11/64, 17%, p = 0.02) or acute @entity3 (6/31, 19%, p = NS). At a median follow-up of 2.1 years after successful endoscopic treatment (resolution), pancreatic fluid collections had recurred in 18 of 113 @entity0 (16%). Recurrences developed more commonly in @entity0 with @entity1 (9/31, 29%) than acute @entity3 (2/23, 9%, p = 0.07) or @entity2 (7/59, 12%, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Successful resolution of pancreatic fluid collections may be achieved endoscopically by an experienced therapeutic endoscopist. Outcomes differ depending on the type of pancreatic fluid collection drained. Further studies of endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections must use defined terminology to allow meaningful comparisons.

title: Outcome differences after endoscopic drainage of @entity1 , acute XXXX , and chronic @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: In cases of damaged corneal endothelium cells (CECs) of the eye, transplantation of cultured vascular endothelial cells (VECs) may be a viable method to restore transparency. AIMS: To evaluate the viability of replacing damaged primate CECs with cultured allogeneic VECs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity3 VECs (RMVECs) were cultured and proliferating cells were labeled with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in vitro. RMs of the experimental group (n = 6) underwent manual Descemettt membrane stripping with transplantation of RMVECs labeled with @entity1 ; those in the control group received manual Descemetnt membrane stripping without transplantation. Postoperative evaluations included the transparency and appearance of the corneal graft; distribution and ultrastructural changes of RMVECs on the inner surface of the @entity0 using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistological identification of @entity1 . RESULTS: At 90 days postsurgery, the corneal grafts of the monkeys in the experimental group retained better transparency than those of the controls, without @entity4 or @entity2 . A layer of cells with positive @entity1 staining was found on the posterior surface of the treated corneas in the experimental group, while there was no VEC structure in corneal grafts from the monkeys of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: RMVECs can grow on the posterior surface of the @entity0 without Descemet's membrane. Cultured and transplanted RMVECs appeared similar in ultrastructure. VECs can provide a barrier to maintain corneal dehydration and transparency to some extent.

title: Transplantation of cultured @entity3 vascular endothelial cells to allogeneic XXXX with stripping of Descemet's membrane.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Among tumourous affections of the @entity4 dominate metastatic processes while primary @entity7 are relatively rare (only 5%). The authors present 4 case-records of less common primary benign @entity1 which were operated at the Surgical Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Plzen during 2000. Three @entity0 and one @entity0 of different age groups were involved. In three @entity0 accidental findings were involved, in one instance in conjunction with @entity5 , the fourth @entity0 was examined on account of @entity3 . The diagnosis was based on the skiagram and specially on the CT of the lungs, individually also other methods were used. All findings were radically eliminated--twice by thoracotomy, twice using miniinvasive procedures. Histological examination revealed twice desmoidal @entity2 , once a benign fibrous @entity1 and once a rare variant of @entity6 . The postoperative period was free from major complications, without the need of surgical revision. Two years after surgery all @entity0 are free from detectable signs of relapse. The authors submit at the same time an integrated view on the problem of @entity1 , they discuss in particular the pitfalls of the diagnosis of these lesions, possible treatment, incl. the use of suitable endoscopic methods, and the prognosis of different types of @entity1 . A more detailed histopathological analysis of the described findings is given.

title: [Less common @entity1 of the XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of two @entity0 @entity2 tissue resistance genes @entity5 and @entity4 ) on the @entity3 -based treatment of @entity2 and detect the relationship of their expressions. METHODS: A total of 58 @entity2 @entity0 aged 19 - 68 years old receiving a chemotherapy of @entity3 were followed up and classified as non-sensitive group (n = 30) and sensitive group (n = 28). Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression rates of @entity5 and @entity4 ). And the correlation between the expressions of two genes was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). RESULTS: The expression rates of @entity5 and @entity4 ) were 10.71% and 3.57% in the sensitive group and 63.33% and 56.67% in the non-sensitive group. It had an obvious correlation with the expressions of MEGT and @entity4 ) through an analysis of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The expressions of @entity5 and @entity4 ) in the sensitive group are markedly lower than those in the non-sensitive group. The expression of two genes may be related to @entity1 prognosis. Maybe these two genes have an intrinsic link between their expressions. Both participate in the repair of cellular DNA damage and the formation of @entity1 drug resistance. And the prognosis has obvious relevance.

title: [Comparison of XXXX and ERCC    expression in @entity3 for the treatment of @entity2 drug resistance and their genetic relationship].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ) @entity3 is the principal cause of @entity1 . There is some evidence that male circumcision (MC) may protect against @entity5 in both @entity0 and @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the association between @entity6 indicators including genital warts. METHODS: A systematic search of Medline was conducted to identify all relevant studies from February 1971 to August 2010. Effect estimates were included in random effects models. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies with 8046 circumcised and 6336 uncircumcised @entity0 were included in the meta-analysis. MC was associated with a statistically significant reduced odds of genital HPV prevalence (odds ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.42-0.77). This association was also observed for genital high-risk HPV prevalence in 2 randomized controlled trials (odds ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.82). No associations were found between MC and genital HPV acquisition of new @entity3 , genital HPV clearance, or genital warts. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis shows a robust inverse association between MC and genital HPV prevalence in @entity0 . However, more studies are needed to adequately assess the effect of MC on the acquisition and clearance of @entity5 . MC could be considered as an additional one-time preventative intervention likely to reduce the burden of @entity2 both in @entity0 and @entity0 , particularly among those countries in which HPV vaccination programs and cervical screening are not available.

title: Male circumcision and genital XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 are widespread among wild ungulates. Because many of these parasites infect multiple host species, inter-specific interactions among hosts potentially play an important role in parasite transmission dynamics in ungulate communities. In this study, the effects of inter-specific contact on parasitism rates in 11 sympatric African bovids was examined using habitat overlap among species as a measure of cross-species contact rates. Across individual hosts, strongyle @entity2 abundance increased with increasing numbers of bovid species occupying a habitat. Furthermore, comparative analyses show a positive association between strongyle prevalence and level of habitat overlap across taxa. These findings suggest that among sympatric bovids, contact between species contributes significantly to the transmission of generalist @entity2 parasites. For a more host-specific parasite group, coccidia, parasite abundance and individual probability of @entity0 declined in hosts living in bovid rich habitats. This pattern may reflect enhanced interspecific competition among parasites in these areas. Finally, similar to strongyle abundance, individual parasite @entity3 also increased among hosts occupying habitats with higher numbers of bovid species. No association between habitat overlap and parasite @entity3 was detected at higher taxonomic scales, however, which suggests that contact between host species may not contribute to parasite colonization of new host taxa.

title: Habitat overlap and XXXX in sympatric African bovids.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of a power doppler vascularity index in the preoperative diagnosis of @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Two successive series of @entity3 (N=101 and N=82) were examined prospectively with power Doppler before surgical treatment. A vascularity index, called Power Doppler Index (PDI), based on the number of colored pixels, was estimated on selected frames (defined region of interest covering the entire @entity1 ) of the @entity1 using an in house color-quantifying program. The first study was monocentric to test the inter- and intraobserver reproducibilities and the availability of the parameter. The second was multicentric to validate the first results. The sensitivity and specificity of PDI, resistance index (RI) and subjective visual scoring were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Histology identified 23 malignant and 78 benign lesions in the first study and 34 malignant and 48 @entity1 in the second. PDI was considerably higher in malignant than in benign lesions (0.34+/-0.04 vs 0.12+/-0.06 (P<0.001)). Intra-observer and interobserver variability of PDI was low (intraclass correlation coefficients estimated at 0.99 and 0.98, respectively). The PDI cut-off value for differential diagnosis was set at 0.265 (26.5% of the @entity1 is colored) in the first study and 0.107 in the second. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% (95% CI [87.8; 100.0]) and 97.4% (95% CI [91.0; 99.7]), respectively, for PDI in the first study compared to 75% (95% CI [72.9; 90.7]) and 60% (95% CI [56.3; 92.5]) in the second study. Using logistic regression, visual Doppler scoring performed best. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Power Doppler Index obtained using our color quantifying software has discriminating power for @entity3 but visual Doppler scoring performs best.

title: [Power Doppler Index for preoperative XXXX discrimination].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation (CAPSI) of the thoracolumbar spine is indicated in @entity2 or @entity9 to improve pullout strength and biomechanical stability of pedicle screws (PS). Only a few studies report on the incidence of @entity6 or other complications associated with CAPSI. PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the rate of CAPSI-associated complications. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity0 SAMPLE: @entity0 who underwent CAPSI due to @entity1 or @entity4 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Cement leakage, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), mortality rate. METHODS: Our clinical database was reviewed for @entity0 who underwent CAPSI between January 2012 and June 2015. A total of 165 @entity0 (mean age 71  11.2; range: 46 to 93 years; m=62, f=103) were included. Indications were @entity10 (n=40), spinal metastases (n=57), @entity4 (n=5), and traumatic @entity3 (n=14) with an associated @entity2 . Every @entity0 received between 2 and 21 (mean 8  3.3) cement-augmented pedicle screws in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spine. Both intraoperative cement leakage in prevertebral veins, the inferior vena cava, and/or pulmonary arteries, and leakage detected on postoperative imaging were evaluated. We assessed the incidence of clinically symptomatic and asymptomatic events. RESULTS: In 29 of 31 @entity0 with intraoperative suspicion of cement leakage into prevertebral veins or the inferior vena cava on lateral fluoroscopy, which were without hemodynamic relevance, cement extrusion was confirmed on postoperative X- @entity11 or computed tomography (CT) scan. In three of eight @entity0 with suspicion of @entity6 , @entity6 was verified on thoracic CT. Four @entity0 experienced life-threatening intraoperative hemodynamic reactions, either due to cement @entity5 (n=2; 1.2%) or anaphylactic shock (n=2; 1.2%) with need for intraoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation in three cases. Two @entity0 died due to fulminant @entity6 . Three @entity0 with @entity7 1 day after surgery were also confirmed with @entity6 on chest CT. In five @entity0 , an asymptomatic @entity6 was found incidentally on postoperative imaging. In addition, 68 @entity0 with cement leakage into prevertebral veins or the ascending cava vein were found incidentally on postoperative spine X- @entity11 or CT. Two of 10 @entity0 with intraspinal epidural cement leakage required revision surgery. One hundred ten of 165 @entity0 (66.7%) had clinically asymptomatic cement leakage. Thirteen @entity0 had @entity6 (7.9%), of whom five (3.0%) were symptomatic. Two @entity0 experienced intraoperative cement-induced @entity8 (1.2%). The overall symptomatic complication rate was 5.5% (n=9). The 30-day mortality rate was 1.8% (n=3). CONCLUSIONS: CAPSI bears a high risk of asymptomatic cement leakage. The risk for associated severe complications was also relatively high and probably underestimated considering the retrospective nature of the present study. A strict indication for cement augmentation, especially in @entity0 with cardiac predisposition, should be the consequence. We doubt that technical aspects of cement application and/or different types of cement are capable of reducing the risk of these complications substantially.

title: Risk of cement leakage and XXXX by bone cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation of the thoracolumbar spine.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Perhydrit and @entity4 were administered to 99 @entity0 during the second stage of labor. Gas analysis was done twice at the beginning and the end of the second stage. The results showed that 33 @entity0 received both perhydrit and @entity4 (Group I) had significantly higher pH, BE, @entity3 , and O2sat at the end of the second stage than those of 30 controls (Group III) (P < 0.05 and < 0.01). And 33 @entity0 received only @entity4 (Group II) showed merely higher pH and BE than those of Group III. The difference was significant(P < 0.05 and < 0.01), while @entity3 and O2sat had no statistical difference between Group II and Group III. By comparing the values, we found that pH, @entity3 and O2sat were much higher at the end of the second stage in Group I and Group II than those at the beginning of the second stage(P < 0.05 and < 0.01). No statistical difference of BE had been found between both groups. In contrary, BE, pH, @entity3 and O2sat declined at the end of the second stage in Group III (P < 0.02 and < 0.01). There were no significant differences of PCO2 among the three groups. It is suggested that the administration of perhydrit and @entity4 may effectively improve the tendency of maternal @entity2 and tissue @entity1 debt caused by consumption and uterine contractions during the second stage, subsequently improve maternal gases and acid-base status.

title: [Perhydrit and XXXX improve maternal gases and acid-base status during the second stage of labor].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity4 ) is characterized by loss of melanin-positive dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. @entity3 (MM), a melanocyte-derived @entity1 , occurs with higher than expected frequency among @entity4 @entity0 . Red-haired individuals exhibit a threefold risk for developing MM than dark-haired @entity0 ; @entity4 risk also increases with lighter hair color. One plausible explanation for the associations between MM, hair color, and @entity4 is the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) gene that plays a key role in hair and skin pigmentation as well as in MM predisposition. We hypothesized that specific @entity5 variants may predispose to both MM and @entity4 . Genotyping of the @entity5 gene was performed for 16 @entity4 @entity0 with MM ( @entity4 + MM+) and for three sets of age, sex, and ethnically matched controls, including 36 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 + MM-), 37 with MM ( @entity4 - MM+) and 37 with neither diagnosis ( @entity4 - MM-). No association was found between @entity5 variants and the co-occurrence of @entity4 and MM. The risk for MM was higher in carriers of two @entity5 variants versus with no @entity5 variant (odds ratio (OR)   =   5.0, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.7-14.4, p   =   0.003). The risk for @entity4 in carriers of two @entity5 variants was markedly lower (OR   =   0.213, 95  % CI 0.063-0.725) compared with individuals with no @entity5 variant (p   =   0.013). In this study, @entity5 variants were not associated with both MM and @entity4 . Further studies in larger cohorts are necessary to confirm these preliminary results.

title: The XXXX ( @entity5 ) Variants Do Not Account for the Co-occurrence of @entity2 and @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To explore whether the progression of @entity4 correlates with the risk of @entity1 among @entity0 with @entity4 . DESIGN: A group of 85 @entity4 @entity0 (78 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 ) were radiographically followed up between 1979 and 1987. Two or three posteroanterior radiographs taken from each @entity0 in 1978 to 1979, 1983 to 1984, and 1986 to 1987 were classified according to the International Labour Office 1980 classification and were used to divide the @entity0 into progressors and nonprogressors. Follow-up for @entity2 was done automatically through the files of the Finnish Cancer Registry from the time of determination of the progression status to December 31, 1994. Predictors of @entity1 risk were studied with a logistic regression model, and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated for @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 24 male @entity0 with progressive small opacity profusion, 11 (46%) developed @entity1 , as opposed to 5 (9%) of the 54 male @entity0 without progression. The SIR for @entity1 was 37 (95% confidence interval, 18 to 66) for the progressors and 4.3 (1.4 to 9.9) for the nonprogressors. In both groups, all the @entity1 cases occurred among smokers or ex-smokers. None of the seven female @entity0 showed progressive small opacity profusion. One of them developed @entity1 . In the logistic regression model including all 85 @entity4 @entity0 , radiographic progression of small opacity profusion (p=0.0009) and current smoking (0.0021) were significant predictors of @entity1 morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 @entity0 with radiographic progression of small opacity profusion over a few years are at a higher risk of @entity1 than those with a @entity3 . The progression of @entity5 may be an independent risk factor that, in addition to smoking history and the intensity of asbestos exposure, could be used to estimate @entity1 risk.

title: Progression of @entity4 predicts XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Because individuals differ in the phase angle at which their circadian rhythms are entrained to external time cues, averaging group data relative to clock time sometimes obscures abrupt changes that are characteristic of waveforms of the rhythms in individuals. Such changes may have important implications for the temporal organization of @entity0 circadian physiology. 2. To control for variance in phase angle of entrainment, we used dual internal reference points--onset and offset of the nocturnal period of @entity2 secretion--to calculate average profiles of circadian rhythm data from five previously published studies. 3. Onset and/or offset of @entity2 secretion were found to coincide with switch-like transitions between distinct diurnal and nocturnal periods of circadian rhythms in core body temperature, sleepiness, power in the theta band of the wake EEG, sleep propensity and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep propensity. 4. Transitions between diurnal and nocturnal periods of sleep-wake and @entity1 circadian rhythms were found to lag the other transitions by 1-3 h. 5. When the duration of the daily light period was manipulated experimentally, @entity2 -onset-related transitions in circadian rhythms appeared to be entrained to the light-to-dark transition, while @entity2 -offset-related transitions appeared to be entrained to the dark-to-light transition. 6. These results suggest a model of the @entity0 circadian timing system in which two states, one diurnal and one nocturnal, alternate with one another, and in which transitions between the states are switch-like and are separately entrained to dawn and dusk. 7. This description of the @entity0 circadian system is similar to the Pittendrigh-Daan model of the rodent circadian system, and it suggests that core features of the system in other mammals are conserved in @entity0 .

title: Evidence for a biological dawn and dusk in the XXXX circadian timing system.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 of childhood is a rare disease with an estimated prevalence of approximately 1/1,000,000. The disease manifests around the age of three to eight years and progresses with symptoms of early fatigue, @entity6 , @entity1 and @entity8 . The resulting functional limitations are often described as having a waddling gait. Walking is difficult and can be managed with multilevel compensation movements only. Aims of this study were to determine typical malpositions that arise during walking and to identify preventive strategies to reduce @entity2 . METHODS: This study presents data of three-dimensional gait analysis of nine @entity0 with @entity9 of childhood (   =2;    =7; 13.3y; 47.0kg; 1.39m; BMI: 24.2kg/m(2)) performed with eight infrared cameras and the Plug-in-Gait Model. For comparison of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters with age-matched healthy controls (   =6;    =3; 13.4y; 49.0kg; 1.61m; BMI: 18.9kg/m(2)), the Mann-Whitney U-test was applied with a significance level of P<0.05. FINDINGS: The @entity0 had a significantly lower height, but higher BMI. Walking speed was reduced with wide, but short steps and significant @entity4 in the pelvis, hips, knees and ankles. Small ranges of motion in propulsion-supporting movements were typical, especially in the sagittal plane. The gait analysis revealed dominant compensatory movements in @entity7 and rotation. INTERPRETATION: The deficits can be attributed to pronounced @entity6 plus @entity3 and @entity5 . Therapeutic preventive strategies therefore should consider continuous muscle power exercises, stretching programmes and restrictive weight control.

title: Biomechanics of walking in adolescents with XXXX of childhood leads to physical activity recommendations as therapeutic focus.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Central actions of @entity2 (E2) include, among others, modulation of autonomic and cardiovascular function. Despite the well-known influence of sex @entity1 hormones on the incidence of @entity0 , little is known about the neural substrates and receptors mediating central E2 actions on autonomic function. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is an important site for the integration of neuroendocrine and autonomic function. Interestingly, while this region was originally found to lack the classical @entity3 receptor, recent studies demonstrated a high degree of expression of the @entity4 subtype. To determine specifically whether autonomic-related neurons in the PVN express @entity4 , thus constituting a neuronal substrate for central E2 actions on autonomic function, we carried out an immunohistochemical study of @entity4 expression in a subpopulation of PVN neurons that innervate the rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM). @entity4 immunostained neurons were found in medial and caudal aspects of the PVN, overlapping with the distribution of RVLM-projecting neurons. Overall, approximately 50% of RVLM-projecting PVN neurons expressed @entity4 immunoreactivity. Interestingly, the degree of colocalization was found to be sex-dependent (higher expression in males), and varied according to the topographical distribution of neurons within the PVN. @entity4 immunoreactivity was also observed in magnocellular compartments of the PVN, although this appeared to be consistently weaker than that observed in autonomic-related subnuclei. These studies demonstrate for the first time @entity4 expression in identified autonomic-related neurons in the PVN, and suggest that these neurons constitute an important neuronal substrate mediating E2 actions on autonomic and cardiovascular control.

title: Preautonomic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus contain XXXX receptor beta.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is associated with a variety of @entity1 . The @entity4 agonists (DA) @entity2 and @entity8 were recently implicated in causing " @entity1 " and motor vehicle accidents. METHODS: In order to determine the overall rate of subjective @entity1 in @entity5 and to determine if any factors, including specific medications, correlate with sleep pathology, the authors surveyed consecutive @entity0 with @entity5 seen over a 3-month period in a @entity3 Clinic. The authors collected demographic and medication data, and the @entity0 completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), questions assessing the presence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), a modified National Sleep Foundation sleep survey, and specific questions regarding falling asleep while driving. RESULTS: A total of 320 @entity0 completed the questionnaire. The authors eliminated 17, six for incomplete data and 11 for having a primary diagnosis other than @entity5 . The mean age of the remaining 303 @entity0 was 67.1 +/- 10.7 years, and the mean duration of @entity5 was 9.1 +/- 5.7 years. The ESS scores averaged 11.1 +/- 5.9, and in 50.2% of @entity0 the score was abnormally high (>10). Stepwise regression analysis found that sleepiness correlated with longer duration of @entity5 (p < 0.001), more advanced @entity5 (p < 0.004), male sex (p < 0.001), and the use of any DA (p < 0.003). The soporific effects of the three most common DA ( @entity2 , @entity8 , and @entity6 ) were similar. Falling asleep while driving was reported by 63/279 (22.6%) of current drivers and correlated with higher ESS scores (p < 0.05). Other @entity1 , including @entity7 , were also frequently reported. CONCLUSION: @entity1 is common in @entity5 and correlates with more advanced and longer duration of @entity5 , and male sex. The DA were also independently associated with @entity1 , but in this group, no single DA was more culpable than the others.

title: @entity1 and other XXXX in Parkinson's disease.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We present a rare complication of pericardiectomy and the effective management thereof. A 67-year-old female with @entity5 and @entity3 was received at our department upon referral. Chest roentgenogram and cardiac catheterization preceded a diagnosis of @entity6 . Pericardiectomy was performed subordinate to median sternotomy and left anterolateral thoracotomy. Extubation was carried out on day 2 but reintubation was necessitated on the same day as a result of progressive @entity5 . Chest roentgenogram revealed an atelectasis of the left lung. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed left main @entity4 resulting from a pulsating external structure. A postoperative computed tomogram substantiated the stenotic left main bronchus between the dilated @entity1 and the thoracic descending aorta. An expandable metallic stent for the treatment of this complication was selected over other invasive procedures. Two years of follow-up reveal no complications. Accordingly, an expandable metallic stent has demonstrated its effectiveness not only on @entity4 due to @entity0 or @entity2 but on benign cases such as this as well.

title: Successful management of left main XXXX as a rare complication of pericardiectomy.

answer: @entity4