abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity0 will sustain some degree of @entity1 to the genital tract after vaginal birth. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal position at birth and perineal outcome in @entity0 who had a midwife-attended, spontaneous vaginal birth and an uncomplicated pregnancy at term. METHODS: Data from 3,756 births in a major public tertiary teaching hospital were eligible for analysis. The need for sutures in perineal @entity1 was evaluated and compared for each major factor studied (maternal age, first vaginal delivery, induction of labor, not occipitoanterior, use of regional anesthesia, deflexed head and newborn birthweight >3,500 g). Birth positions were compared against each other. Subgroup analysis determined whether birth positions mattered more or less in each of the major factors studied. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. RESULTS: Most @entity0 (65.9%) gave birth in the semi-recumbent position. Of the 1,679 @entity0 (44.5%) who required perineal suturing, semi-recumbent position was associated with the need for perineal sutures, whereas all-fours was associated with reduced need for sutures; these associations were more marked in first vaginal births and newborn birth weight over 3,500 g. When regional anesthesia was used, semi-recumbent position was associated with a need for suturing, and lateral position associated with a reduced need for suturing. The four major factors significantly related to perineal @entity1 included first vaginal birth, use of regional anesthesia, deflexed head, and newborn weight more than 3,500 g. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 should be given the choice to give birth in whatever position they find comfortable. Maternity practitioners have a responsibility to inform @entity0 of the likelihood of perineal @entity1 in the preferred birth position. Ongoing audit of all clinicians attending births is encouraged to further determine effects of maternal birth position and perineal @entity1 , to investigate @entity0 's perception of comfortable positioning at birth, and to measure changes to midwifery practice resulting from this study.

title: Maternal position at midwife-attended birth and perineal XXXX : is there an association?

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. Its highly diverse biological activities are mediated via the G protein-coupled receptor that uniquely requires two accessory proteins for optimal function. @entity6 (RCP) is a coupling protein necessary for @entity4 -receptor signaling. In this study, we established the anatomical distribution of RCP in the @entity2 central and peripheral nervous system and its relationship to @entity4 immunoreactivity. RCP-immunoreactive (IR) perikarya are widely and selectively distributed in the cerebral cortex, septal nuclei, hippocampus, various hypothalamic nuclei, amygdala, nucleus colliculus, periaqueductal gray, @entity5 , locus coeruleus, cochlear nuclei, dorsal raphe nuclei, the solitary tractus nucleus and gracile nucleus, cerebellar cortex, various brainstem motor nuclei, the spinal dorsal and ventral horns. A sub-population of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia were strongly RCP-IR. Overall, the localization of RCP-IR closely matched with that of @entity4 -IR. We also determined whether RCP in DRG and dorsal horn neurons can be modulated by @entity4 receptor blockade and @entity3 -related pathological stimuli. The intrathecal injection of the antagonist @entity4 (8-37) markedly increased RCP expression in the lumbar DRG and spinal dorsal horn. Carrageenan-induced @entity1 produced a dramatic bilateral increase in RCP expression in the dorsal horn while a partial sciatic nerve ligation reduced RCP expression in the ipsilateral superficial dorsal horn. Our data suggest that the distribution of RCP immunoreactivity is closely matched with @entity4 immunoreactivity in most of central and peripheral nervous systems. The co-localization of RCP and @entity4 in motoneurons and primary sensory neurons suggests that @entity4 has an autocrine or paracrine effect on these neurons. Moreover, our data also suggest that RCP expression in DRG and spinal cord can be modulated during @entity4 receptor blockade, @entity1 or @entity0 and this @entity4 receptor-associated protein is dynamically regulated.

title: Localization and modulation of @entity6 -immunoreactive cells in the XXXX central and peripheral nervous systems.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the outcome of evisceration with primary orbital implant in @entity2 with and without fulminant @entity1 ( @entity4 / @entity5 ). METHODS: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative interventional case series. @entity0 with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 6 months were considered for inclusion. Thirty-four eyes of 34 @entity0 were included. Sixteen eyes were infective and 18 noninfective. Nonporous @entity3 implants were used for all cases and the main outcome measure was successful retention of the primary implant. Major and minor complications and successful prosthesis fitting were also noted. RESULTS: All except 3 cases were able to retain the primary implant successfully and all but 2 @entity0 underwent successful prosthesis fitting. Major complications included implant extrusion in 3 cases (2 infective, 1 noninfective) and implant exposure in 1 case (noninfective). The difference in major complications between the groups was not statistically significant (p   =   0.66, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that evisceration with primary orbital implant is a feasible option in fulminant @entity4 / @entity5 and provides a good postoperative cosmetic outcome to the anophthalmic socket at an economical cost.

title: Evisceration with Primary Orbital Implant in Fulminant @entity4 / XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the angiographic morphology of carotid stent @entity1 and the possible therapies based on data from a single-center experience. METHODS: In a 45-month period, 279 @entity0 (196 @entity0 ; mean age 70 +/- 9 years, range 50-89) underwent successful Wallstent placement in 303 stenotic internal carotid arteries (ICA). @entity0 were followed with duplex sonography; angiography was used to confirm any significant (> or =70%) recurrent lesions detected on the ultrasound scan. Further @entity2 with or without stent placement was undertaken. RESULTS; Over a median 12-month follow-up (interquartile range 6-24), there were 9 (3.0%) carotid stent restenoses found, all within 12 months after stent placement. Two types of @entity1 were differentiated. In the more common form, "in-stent" stenoses (n = 6) were detected and treated with stent placement; lasting success (patency >12 months after retreatment) was achieved in 4. Early second and third recurrences arose in the other 2 stents within 3 months of the first retreatment; additional stents were placed at each recurrence. Both @entity0 suffered a major cerebral event after 17 months. Less often, an "end of stent" @entity3 (n = 3) developed at a kink in the ICA adjacent to the cephalad end of the stent. Lasting success was achieved by @entity2 without additional stent placement in all 3 cases. No procedure-related complications were observed within 30 days after any treatment for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Carotid stent @entity1 , which occurs rarely after 1 year, can be treated safely by further percutaneous interventions.

title: Single-center experience with carotid stent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a model of the impact of population-wide periconceptional @entity5 supplementation on @entity4 and twin births. DESIGN: A hypothetical cohort of 100,000 pregnancies > or =20 weeks, plus terminations of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis before 20 weeks. METHODS: Application of pooled data on the relative risks for @entity4 and twins following periconceptional @entity5 from meta-analysis of the randomised trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 1. Pregnancies with a neural tube defect (i.e. terminations of pregnancy, perinatal @entity1 , and surviving @entity0 ); 2. twin births (i.e. preterm births, perinatal @entity1 , postneonatal @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 ); 3. numbers needed to treat. RESULTS: The change in @entity4 would be 75 fewer terminations (95% CI -47, -90), 30 fewer perinatal @entity1 (95% CI 18, -35), and 13 fewer surviving @entity0 with a neural tube defect (95% CI -8, -16). The change in twinning would be an additional 572 twin confinements (95% CI -100, +1587), among whom there would be 63 very preterm twin confinements (95% CI -11, +174), 54 perinatal and postneonatal @entity1 (95% CI -9, +149), 48 surviving twins with a @entity3 (95% CI -8, +133), and nine with @entity2 (95% CI -2, +26). The numbers needed to treat for the prevention of one pregnancy with a neural tube defect is 847, for the birth of one additional set of twins is 175, for the birth of one additional set of very preterm twins is 1587, and for the birth of an additional twin with any of the following outcomes (perinatal death, postneonatal death, survival with a @entity3 , or survival with @entity2 ) is 901. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring rates of @entity4 and twinning is essential as supplementation or fortification with @entity5 is implemented.

title: Modelling the potential impact of population-wide periconceptional XXXX /multivitamin supplementation on multiple births.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Impairment of the intestinal microcirculation has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of endotoxin related @entity2 . We investigated the effects of @entity3 on the variability of intestinal microvascular blood flow (IMBF) and arterial blood pressure (BP) in a prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. Recordings of IMBF (laser Doppler fluxmetry) and BP were performed before, two and four hours after i.v. injection of either placebo or endotoxin (5 mg/kg b.w. lipopolysaccharide from @entity0 , serotype O55:B5). Control experiments were performed with systemic ( @entity1 ) and local intestinal (surgery) sympathectomy. Spectral analysis was performed using the autoregressive approach. Spectral power was determined in two frequency bands (low frequency (LF): 0.27-0.74 Hz; high frequency (HF): 0.76-3.00 Hz). Two hours after endotoxin challenge a significant decrease in IMBF was observed. LF spectral power of IMBF and BP increased significantly in the endotoxin challenged group, while no effects were observed in the placebo group. Four hours after endotoxin administration IMBF decreased further and LF spectral power of IMBF and BP remained elevated. Denervation prevented the decrease in IMBF but did not abolish the LF power increase. @entity1 administration attenuated the IMBF decrease and significantly diminished the increase in LF spectral power of IMBF and BP. We conclude that @entity3 is associated with increased sympathetic outflow to the systemic vasculature, as indicated by the increase in LF spectral power of arterial blood pressure. The increase in LF variability of IMBF is secondary to the increase in LF spectral power of BP, since it could be attenuated by systemic and not by local intestinal sympathectomy.

title: Sympathetic modulation of intestinal microvascular blood flow oscillations in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 is the most common @entity2 in @entity1 in the United States. The addition of @entity7 to adjuvant therapy regimens has resulted in improvement in overall survival of @entity1 . The 2 most commonly used @entity7 are @entity4 and @entity5 . Comparison studies in the metastatic setting have shown that, at similar doses, these 2 @entity7 provide similar response rates. However, their @entity3 profiles differ somewhat. The major side effects of @entity7 are @entity6 and myelosuppression. The equimolar dose ratios of @entity4 to @entity5 for myelosuppression and @entity6 are 1:1.2 and 1:1.7-2.0, respectively. There have been many studies comparing different schedules and doses of @entity7 in the adjuvant setting. However, direct comparisons between @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 have not been performed to date. In this article, we are attempting to provide an overview of current use of @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0

title: @entity5 versus @entity4 : which is the anthracycline of choice for the treatment of XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity7 cytoskeleton is highly conserved among eukaryotes and is essential for cellular processes regulating growth and differentiation. In fungi, filamentous @entity7 (F- @entity7 ) orchestrates hyphal tip structure and extension via organization of exocytic and endocytic processes at the hyphal tip. Although highly conserved, there are key differences among actins of fungal species as well as between @entity0 and fungal actins. For example, the F- @entity7 stabilizing molecules, @entity5 and @entity6 , bind to @entity7 structures in @entity2 and @entity0 cells, whereas @entity5 does not bind @entity7 structures of @entity1 . These discrepancies suggest structural differences between @entity1 @entity7 filaments and those of @entity0 and @entity2 cells. Additionally, fungal @entity7 kinetics are much faster than those of @entity0 , displaying 5-fold faster nucleation and 40-fold faster @entity4 exchange rates. Limited published studies suggest that these faster @entity7 kinetics are required for normal growth and morphogenesis of @entity2 cells. In the current work, we show that replacement of @entity1 @entity7 with @entity2 @entity7 generates a morphologically normal strain, suggesting that @entity1 @entity7 kinetics are similar to those of @entity2 . In contrast to wild type A. fumigatus, F- @entity7 in this strain binds @entity5 , and pharmacological stabilization of these @entity7 structures with @entity6 inhibits germination and alters morphogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. We also show that @entity0 b- @entity7 cannot support @entity1 viability, even though the @entity3 sequences of @entity0 and @entity1 actins are 89.3% identical. Our findings show that minor differences in @entity7 protein sequence account for loss of @entity5 and @entity6 sensitivity in @entity1 species.

title: Differential Support of @entity1 Morphogenesis by @entity2 and XXXX Actins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 and or @entity4 loss occur in 40% of pancreatic @entity5 (PanNETs). PanNETs negative for @entity7 or @entity4 show an increased risk of relapse. The @entity1 -associated pathways activated upon @entity7 or @entity4 loss and how this event may induce @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are still unknown. Both @entity7 and @entity4 are involved in DNA methylation regulation. DNA methylation of heterochromatin and of non-coding sequences is extremely important for the maintenance of genomic stability. We analysed the association of @entity7 and or @entity4 loss and @entity3 with global DNA methylation in @entity0 PanNET samples and the effect of @entity7 knock down on methylation and cell proliferation. We assessed LINE1 as well as global DNA methylation in 167 PanNETs and we found that @entity7 and or @entity4 negative @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3 were hypo-methylated. @entity7 knock-down in PanNET cell lines blocked cells in G1/G0 phase and seemed to increase @entity3 in QGP-1 cells. However, no direct changes in DNA methylation were observed after @entity7 knock down in vitro. In conclusion our data indicate that epigenetic changes are crucial steps in the progression of @entity2 and suggest that DNA methylation is the mechanism via which @entity3 is induced, allowing clonal expansion and selection.

title: Hypo-methylation mediates XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Bladder @entity3 is an invasive @entity3 subtype that is emphasized for its morphological overlap with plasma cells and @entity3 . Our experience suggests frequent intraperitoneal spread that is not typical of conventional @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified cases of plasmacytoid @entity3 diagnosed on radical cystectomy. @entity0 age, gender, American Joint Committee on @entity2 (7th edition) stage, metastatic spread/recurrence sites and clinical disease status at last followup were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 10 male and 5 female @entity0 42 to 81 years old were identified. One @entity2 was pT2, 11 pT3 and 3 pT4. Six of 15 @entity0 (40%) presented with lymph node @entity1 and 5 (33%) had intraperitoneal @entity1 at cystectomy. These initial sites of metastatic spread included the prerectal space, @entity6 , @entity5 , and omentum and bowel serosa in 1 case each. Three @entity0 had subsequent @entity1 involving the prerectal space, @entity4 in 1 each. Eight @entity0 had followup information available, including 3 who died of disease, 3 with disease and 2 with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Of the @entity0 33% with the plasmacytoid variant of @entity3 presented with intraperitoneal disease spread and 20% had subsequent @entity1 involving serosal surfaces. The possibility of noncontiguous intraperitoneal spread involving serosal surfaces should be recognized to ensure proper intraoperative staging and clinical followup for @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Plasmacytoid carcinoma of the bladder: a XXXX variant with a predilection for intraperitoneal spread.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 as a possible prognostic parameter seems to play a role in the course of @entity1 . Flicker-induced endothelial NO release may be used as an indicator for endothelial functionality of the central retinal vessels. METHODS: Flicker-induced @entity5 as well as complete internal medicine status were determined in 65 @entity2 1 and 170 @entity2 2 diabetics. @entity1 was classified according ETDRS criteria. Furthermore, a group of 55 healthy subjects was used as control group. RESULTS: @entity1 subjects showed with 2.1+/-2.2 ( @entity2 1) and 2.2+/-2.4 ( @entity2 2) a significantly decreased percent @entity5 in comparison to healthy subjects (3.6+/-2.1; p<or=0.001). With increasing stage of the @entity3 of the retinal arterioles decreased significantly (p=0.002) while static arterial measurements before flicker testing did not show significant differences in the different stages of @entity1 . @entity1 @entity0 without @entity6 already showed a noticeably reduced @entity3 in comparison to healthy controls. These changes could be seen both in @entity2 1 and @entity2 2 diabetics. @entity0 with @entity2 1 @entity1 with proliferative @entity1 showed a mean percent dilation of 1.80+/-2.11, while these reactions had nearly disappeared in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (0.31+/-1.08). CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity2 1 and @entity2 2 diabetics showed significantly decreased flicker-induced @entity3 as a sign of @entity4 in comparison to healthy controls. With increasing stage of the @entity3 of the retinal arterioles decreased significantly. @entity1 without @entity6 already showed decreased flicker-induced reactions in comparison to healthy controls. Measurement of arterial flicker response may be useful for prognostic approaches in the case @entity1 care.

title: [ @entity4 of central retinal vessels: a prognostic parameter for XXXX ?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: @entity5 syndrome/ @entity4 (BPS/IC) is a chronic and debilitating condition. Our objective was to compare two different bladder instillation treatments in @entity0 with BPS/IC: @entity9 with @entity8 (DMSO) vs. @entity2 with heparin and @entity8 (B/ @entity10 /T). Our hypothesis was that both treatments are equally effective. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of instillation-na  ve @entity0 was conducted comparing responses to either DMSO or B/ @entity10 /T at our tertiary urogynecology center from 2012 to 2014. The primary outcome was @entity0 -reported percent of overall improvement from baseline. Secondary outcomes were change in @entity0 -reported daytime voiding frequency (hours) and change in number of nighttime voiding episodes. Variables analyzed as potential confounders included @entity6 , cystoscopy findings, levator @entity7 , and @entity1 . The two-sided Student's t test, chi-squared test, Poisson regression, and repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for analyses. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-three eligible @entity0 were identified (45 receiving DMSO, 146 receiving B/ @entity10 /T). Compared with baseline, DMSO @entity0 reported 63% improvement (p   <   0.0001), increased time between daytime voids by 1.5  @entity10 (p   <   0.00), and a 40% reduction in @entity3 episodes (p   <   0.00). B/ @entity10 /T @entity0 reported 51% improvement (p   <   0.00), increased time between daytime voids by 1.4  @entity10 (p   <   0.00), and an 8% reduction in @entity3 episodes (p   =   0.26). When comparing the two treatments, DMSO resulted in a greater percentage of overall improvement (p   =   0.02) and a significant decrease in @entity3 episodes when compared with B/ @entity10 /T (p   =   0.02). There was no significant difference between treatments for daytime voiding frequency (p   =   0.50). CONCLUSION: Bladder instillations with DMSO or B/ @entity10 /T provide overall symptomatic improvement and improved frequency and @entity3 . DMSO appears to provide greater improvement in @entity3 and overall.

title: Which bladder instillations are more effective? DMSO vs. XXXX /heparin/ @entity8 : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are non-profit or voluntary sector organisations that promote and represent the interests of @entity0 and carers affected by particular conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine, among @entity0 with @entity2 , what differentiates those who contact @entity3 from those who do not and what stops @entity0 from making contact. BACKGROUND: @entity3 can enhance @entity0 's capacity to manage @entity2 by providing information, education and psychosocial support, but are under-utilised. Little is known about barriers to access. METHODS: Data were from a baseline telephone survey conducted as part of a randomised trial of an intervention to improve access to @entity3 . @entity0 constituted a consecutive sample of 276 adults with diagnosed @entity2 recruited via 18 general practitioners in Brisbane, Australia. Quantitative survey items examined @entity0 ' use and perceptions of @entity3 and a single open-ended question explored barriers to @entity4 use. Multiple logistic regression and thematic analysis were used. Findings Overall, 39% of @entity0 had ever contacted a @entity4 for their health and 28% had contacted a @entity4 specifically focussed on their diagnosed chronic condition. @entity1 , poorer self-reported physical health and greater health system contact were significantly associated with @entity4 contact. The view that 'my doctor does it all' was prevalent and, together with a belief that their health problems were 'not serious enough', was the primary reason @entity0 did not make contact. CONCLUSION: Attitudinal and system-related barriers limit use of @entity3 by those for whom they are designed. Developing referral pathways to @entity3 and promoting awareness about what they offer is needed to improve access.

title: Why do @entity0 with @entity2 not contact consumer health organisations? A survey of general practice XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) are widely used in the treatment of @entity2 . We studied the suspected adverse drug reactions (sADRs) reported during the use of @entity9 in the Netherlands. METHODS: In the Netherlands, health professionals and @entity0 can report suspected ADRs to the Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. All reported sADRs on @entity9 were categorised and assessed as to whether these were likely to be associated with use of the @entity1 . Age and gender adjusted Reported Odds Ratios (RORs) and Naranjo Scores (NS) were computed for sADRs reported more than 3 times. RESULTS: Since 1984, sADRs of @entity9 were reported in 89 @entity0 (mean age 6 years), 48 (54%) were @entity0 . Suspected drugs were @entity11 in 46 @entity0 (52%), @entity8 in 21 (24%), and @entity6 in 22 cases (24%). Psychiatric symptoms were reported in 19 @entity0 (21%; @entity13 .8, NS 3.6), @entity3 in 6 @entity0 (7%; @entity14 47.8, NS 3.0) and rashes in 6 cases (7%; @entity14 0.7, NS 2.4). There were 7 reports (8%; @entity15 .1, NS 3.4) concerning abnormalities of the teeth, 4 reports of @entity4 (4%; @entity13 .3, NS 3.5), and 3 reports of @entity7 and @entity12 (NS 4.0). @entity5 was reported once. CONCLUSIONS: Alteration of behaviour was the most frequently reported sADR. There are more indications that alterations of behaviour could be a real sADR of @entity9 . @entity5 was the only reported possible life threatening sADR. The association of @entity12 and @entity10 after @entity9 in @entity0 has not been reported in the literature before.

title: Reported adverse drug reactions during the use of inhaled steroids in XXXX with @entity2 in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plinabulin ( @entity10 ) is a vascular disrupting agent (VDA) that @entity1 vascular endothelial cell architecture resulting in selective collapse of @entity1 vasculature producing anti- @entity1 activity alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents. The objective of this study was to assess the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of plinabulin combined with @entity7 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 received 75 mg/m(2) @entity7 on day 1 and plinabulin on days 1 and 8 intravenously in 21 day cycles. Plinabulin was escalated from the biologically effective dose (BED) of 13.5 mg/m(2) to the standard single agent dose of 30 mg/m(2) using a "3+3" design. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity0 were enrolled. Adverse events were consistent with those of both agents alone. Fatigue, @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity6 were the most common events. One dose limiting @entity2 of @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 occurred. The RP2D was 30 mg/m(2) of plinabulin with 75 mg/m(2) @entity7 . Pharmacokinetics did not indicate drug-drug interactions. Of the 8 @entity0 with NSCLC evaluable for response, 2 achieved a partial response and 4 demonstrated lesser decreases in @entity1 measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of full doses of plinabulin and @entity7 is tolerable. With encouraging antitumor activity, this supported further development of this combination.

title: Phase 1 study of the novel vascular disrupting agent plinabulin ( XXXX ) and @entity7 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: In @entity4 ( @entity4 ), there is increased mRNA coding for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 . In seronegative celiac @entity0 , the mucosal immune complexes anti- @entity5 IgA/ @entity5 are found. We assayed @entity5 - and @entity2 -mRNA in the mucosa of @entity0 with a clinical suspicion of seronegative @entity4 and correlated the values with intraepithelial CD3 lymphocytes (IELs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Distal duodenum specimens from 67 @entity0 were retrieved and re-evaluated for immunohistochemically proven CD3 IELs. Five 10  m sections were used for the extraction and assay of @entity5 and @entity2 coding mRNA levels using reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Samples from 15 seropositive @entity4 @entity0 and 15 healthy subjects were used as positive and negative controls. Results were expressed as fold-change. RESULTS: Our series was divided into three groups based on IEL count: >25 (14 @entity0 : group A), 15-25 (26 @entity0 : group B), and 0-15 (27 @entity0 : Group C). @entity5 -mRNA levels were (mean    SD): @entity4 = 9.8    2.6; group A = 10.04    4.7; group B = 4.99    2.3; group C = 2.26    0.8, controls = 1.04    0.2 ( @entity4 = group A > group B > group C = controls). @entity2 -mRNA levels were: @entity4 = 13.4    3.6; group A = 7.28    3.6; group B = 4.45    2.9; group C = 2.06    1.21, controls = 1.04    0.4. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity5 - and IFNymRNA levels are increased in both seropositive and potential seronegative @entity0 with @entity4 , showing a strong correlation with the CD3 IEL count at stage Marsh 1. An increase in both molecules is found even when IELs are in the range 15-25 (Marsh 0), suggesting the possibility of a "gray zone" inhabited by @entity0 which should be closely followed up in @entity1 .

title: Mucosal molecular pattern of XXXX and @entity2 in suspected seronegative @entity4 at marsh 1 and 0 stages.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal blood @entity4 target during the early hospitalisation of @entity5 survivors of out-of-hospital @entity6 (OHCA) has not been established. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, we examined clinical outcomes in relation to mean blood @entity4 during the first 96 hours of hospital admission in @entity5 survivors of OHCA with an initial shockable rhythm. Mean blood @entity4 was assessed as a continuous (primary analysis) and categorical variable: <6 mmol/L, 6 to <8 mmol/L and    8 mmol/L. Co-primary outcomes were the rates of @entity3 during the index hospitalisation and severe @entity2 at discharge. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to adjust for baseline differences in @entity0 and index event characteristics. RESULTS: Among 122 eligible @entity0 , @entity3 and severe @entity2 occurred in 29 (24%) and 40 (33%) @entity0 , respectively. Higher mean blood @entity4 levels during the first 96   hours of admission were associated with increased odds of @entity3 (odds ratio (OR): 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-1.92; p   =   0.001) and severe @entity2 (OR:   1.42; 95%   CI: 1.11-1.80; p   =   0.004). The associations between mean blood @entity4 and the odds of @entity3 (OR:   1.35; 95%   CI:   1.04-1.76; p   =   0.02) and severe @entity2 (OR: 1.28; 95%   CI: 1.00-1.64; p   =   0.05) persisted after adjusting for age, time from @entity6 to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and vasoactive agent use. There was no interaction between age, time from @entity6 to ROSC or a history of @entity1 and the relationship between mean blood @entity4 and co-primary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity5 survivors of OHCA with initial shockable rhythms, higher mean blood @entity4 levels during the first 96 hours of admission are associated with increased rates of @entity3 and severe @entity2 .

title: Hyperglycaemia in @entity5 survivors of out-of-hospital XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Aortic root replacement (Bentall operation) is the standard operation for @entity0 who have lesions of the ascending aorta associated with @entity3 . We analyzed the mid-term results for left ventricular energetics after the Bentall operation for @entity5 with @entity2 . We measured left ventricular contractility (end-systolic elastance; Ees), afterload (effective arterial elastance; Ea), and efficiency (ventriculoarterial coupling; Ea/Ees, and the ratio of @entity1 work and pressure-volume area; SW/ @entity4 ) based on transthoracic echocardiography data before, after, and approximately 1 year after the Bentall operation in 15 @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity2 . Left ventricular volume was calculated by the Teichholz M-mode method. Ees and Ea were approximated as follows: Ees=mean blood pressure/minimal left ventricular volume, and Ea=systolic blood pressure/(maximal left ventricular volume--minimal left ventricular volume). Ea/Ees and SW/ @entity4 were then calculated. Left ventricular volume was normalized with body surface area. Ees increased after the Bentall operation and around 1 year later (from 2.17+/-1.09 to 3.92+/-2.26 and 5.33+/-1.90 mmHg x m(2)/ml, P<0.001), thus resulting in an improvement in SW/ @entity4 (from 68.8+/-8.2 to 70.9+/-9.5 and 74.7+/-5.2%, P=0.045). Ea also increased after the Bentall operation and 1 year later (from 1.77+/-0.61 to 2.88+/-1.28 and 3.54+/-1.43 mmHg x m(2)/ml, P<0.001). The mid-term results for ventricular contractility and efficiency after the Bentall operation for @entity5 with @entity2 are excellent and satisfactory.

title: Ventricular energetics in aortic root replacement for @entity5 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Neurostimulation as a therapeutic tool has been developed and used for a range of different diseases such as @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity4 . However, it is not known why the efficacy of the stimulation varies dramatically across @entity0 or why some @entity0 suffer from severe side effects. This is largely due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of neurostimulation. Hence, theoretical computational approaches to address this issue are in demand. This chapter provides a review of mechanistic computational modeling of brain stimulation. In particular, we will focus on @entity1 , where mechanistic models (e.g., neural population models or detailed neuronal models) have been used to bridge the gap between cellular-level processes of affected neural circuits and the symptomatic expression of disease dynamics. We show how such models have been, and can be, used to investigate the effects of neurostimulation in the diseased brain. We argue that these models are crucial for the mechanistic understanding of the effect of stimulation, allowing for a rational design of stimulation protocols. Based on mechanistic models, we argue that the development of closed-loop stimulation is essential in order to avoid inference with healthy ongoing brain activity. Furthermore, @entity0 -specific data, such as neuroanatomic information and connectivity profiles obtainable from neuroimaging, can be readily incorporated to address the clinical issue of variability in efficacy between subjects. We conclude that mechanistic computational models can and should play a key role in the rational design of effective, fully integrated, @entity0 -specific therapeutic brain stimulation.

title: Computational modeling of neurostimulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Lactic acid bacteria are increasingly used to restore the ecological equilibrium of different mucosal areas in @entity0 and/or animals. Likewise, they can be used to potentially protect against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present paper, the preventive effect of intranasally inoculated @entity4 against challenge with @entity2 was studied, using a @entity1 experimental model. @entity4 inoculated four times at a dose of 10(7) colony forming units per @entity1 was able to decrease the number of @entity3 throughout the respiratory tract. The @entity4 treatment increased the number of activated macrophages in lung slices, and a higher lymphocyte population in the tracheal lamina propria. @entity3 challenge showed a typical response against pathogen with a higher non-specific immune response. Preventive treatment, i.e. @entity4 administration prior to @entity3 challenge, showed a response close to that of L. fermentum. Anti-S. pneumoniae antibodies increased in lactobacilli-treated animals compared to the non-treated lactobacilli @entity1 . The increase in the antibody levels suggests that the mucosal immune system could be involved in the protective effect, accomplished with competitive exclusion, nutrient competition and production of inhibitory substances. This paper will be the basis for further studies of the protective effect of lactobacilli against @entity3 in the respiratory tract.

title: Protective effect of intranasally inoculated @entity4 against XXXX challenge on the @entity1 respiratory tract.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To improve an enzymatic method previously used for isolation of @entity1 odontoblasts to isolate viable mature @entity0 odontoblasts. METHODOLOGY: Collagenase I, collagenase I/hyaluronidase mixture and hyaluronidase were used to extract mature @entity0 odontoblasts from the pulp chamber. Detachment of odontoblasts from dentine was determined with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and to analyse the significance of differences in tubular diameter, and the t-test was used. @entity2 -reaction was used to analyse cell viability, and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney post hoc tests were used to analyse the data. Immunofluorescent staining of dentine sialoprotein (DSP), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were used to confirm the odontoblastic nature of the cells. RESULTS: @entity2 -reaction and FESEM demonstrated collagenase I/hyaluronidase resulted in more effective detachment and higher viability than collagenase I alone. Hyaluronidase alone was not able to detach odontoblasts. Immunofluorescence revealed the typical odontoblastic-morphology with one process, and DSP, @entity3 and @entity4 were detected. Quantitative PCR of @entity5 confirmed that the isolated cells expressed this odontoblast-specific gene. CONCLUSION: The isolation of viable @entity0 odontoblasts was successful. The cells demonstrated morphology typical for odontoblasts and expressed characteristic odontoblast-type genes and proteins. This method will enable new approaches, such as apoptosis analysis, for studies using fully differentiated odontoblasts.

title: Enzymatic isolation of viable XXXX odontoblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Contrast enhanced helical computed tomography (CT) of the liver and portal system is routinely performed in @entity0 @entity0 . The purpose of this project is to develop a practical protocol for helical CT portography in the @entity1 . Ten clinically normal @entity1 were initially evaluated to develop a protocol. Using this protocol, ten @entity1 with confirmed @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were then evaluated. Each @entity0 was anesthetized, and a test dose of @entity3 (400 mg I/ml) at 0.55 ml/kg was injected. Serial images were acquired at the level of T12-13 or T13-L1. The time to maximum enhancement of the portal vein was determined. This time period was used as the period between the second injection (2.2 ml/kg) and the start of the helical examination of the cranial abdomen. Delay times for normal @entity1 ranged from 34.5 s-66.0 s (median: 43.5 s) or 1.41 s/kg-4.12 s/kg (median: 2.09 s/kg). For @entity0 with a @entity2 , the delay times were 16.5-70.5 s (median: 34.5 s) or 1.47-19.17 s/kg (median: 3.39 s/kg). The aorta, caudal vena cava, portal vein, shunt vessels, and their respective branches were well visualized on the CT images. Clinical case results were surgically confirmed. The surgeons reported that the information gained from the CT portography resulted in a subjective decrease in surgical time and degree of dissection necessary compared with similar surgeries performed without angiographic information. We believe that helical CT portography in the @entity1 will be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of @entity2 . The use of helical CT portography may allow clinicians to give clients a more accurate prognosis prior to surgery and will allow @entity0 with lesions that are not surgically correctable to avoid a costly and invasive procedure.

title: Helical computed tomographic portography in ten normal XXXX and ten @entity1 with a portosystemic shunt.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Considerable attention has been given to the screening and optimization of treatment of @entity0 with type 2- @entity1 in the period 2000-2005. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence of @entity0 with type 2- @entity1 and the quality of @entity1 care provided in the period 2000 to 2005. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using a previously evaluated method, all @entity0 with type 2- @entity1 were identified and described on the basis of register data in what was then the County of Aarhus. RESULTS: A total of 11,436 @entity0 with type 2- @entity1 were identified in the age group 40-70 years, corresponding to a prevalence of 4.61%. In 2005 58% were in antidiabetic pharmacological treatment, 68% of whom received oral antidiabetic treatment, 15% were on insulin alone and 16% received a combination treatment including insulin and oral treatment. Furthermore, a total of 50% of the included @entity0 were on lipid-lowering treatment of whom 99% were in statin-therapy. One or more measurements of HbA1c were taken in 87% of the @entity0 in 2001 compared with 81% in 2005 (p < 0.000). A total of 60% had an @entity3 c < 8 in 2001 compared with 67% in 2005 (p < 0.000). In 2001 72% had a @entity2 measurement compared with 77% in 2005 (p < 0.000). A total of 23% had a @entity2 value < 4.5. mmol/l in 2001 compared with 42% in 2005 (p < 0.000). CONCLUSION: During a period of five years the prevalence of @entity0 with type 2- @entity1 increased. In the same period, improvement was seen in the quality indicators of HbA1c and @entity2 level. There is, however, still room for improvement.

title: [Quality indicators of type 2- XXXX monitoring during 2000-2005].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Four maternal-effect sterile genes, @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity4 , are essential for germline development in @entity0 . Homozygous mes progeny from heterozygous mothers are themselves fertile but produce sterile progeny with underproliferated and degenerated germlines. All four mes genes encode chromatin-associated proteins, two of which resemble known regulators of gene expression. To identify additional components in the MES pathway, we used RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) to test candidate genes for enhancement of the Mes mutant phenotype. Enhancement in this assay was induction of sterility a generation earlier, in the otherwise fertile homozygous progeny of heterozygous mothers, which previous results had suggested represent a sensitized genetic background. We tested seven genes predicted to encode regulators of chromatin organization for RNAi-induced enhancement of @entity3 sterility and identified one enhancer, called @entity5 after the SET domain encoded by the gene. Depletion of @entity5 also enhances the sterile phenotype of @entity1 but not of @entity2 or @entity4 . @entity5 encodes two alternatively spliced transcripts, @entity5 (l) and @entity5 (s), both of which are enriched in the germline of adults. In the adult germline, @entity5 (L) protein is localized in mitotic and mid-late-stage meiotic nuclei but is undetectable in early pachytene nuclei. @entity5 (L) protein is localized in all nuclei of embryos. The localization of @entity5 (L) does not depend on any of the four MES proteins, and none of the MES proteins depend on @entity5 for their normal localization. Our results suggest that @entity5 participates along with the MES proteins in promoting normal germline development.

title: Depletion of a novel SET-domain protein enhances the sterility of @entity3 and @entity1 mutants of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mortality rate of @entity0 with @entity5 due to severe @entity2 is reported to be 40-60  % despite a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Angioembolization and external fixation of the pelvis are the main procedures used to control @entity4 in these @entity0 . Several studies have shown that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is effective for @entity4 control, despite being small and observational in nature. The purpose of this study was to describe a Korean @entity1 center's early experience with @entity3 in unstable @entity0 with @entity2 and to evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: Between January 2012 and May 2015, 30 @entity0 with @entity5 caused by @entity2 were enrolled in this study. @entity3 has been performed in 14 @entity0 since May 2014. Data of @entity2 @entity0 with @entity5 were selected from Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Pelvic @entity1 Database and were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Mean age and mean ISS were 60.4        18.8  years and 39.2        8.1 in 30 unstable @entity0 with @entity2 . Mean @entity6 was 89.1        24.7  mmHg, and mean hemoglobin was 10.6        2.3  g/dL. When the non- @entity3 group (16 @entity0 ) and the @entity3 group (14 @entity0 ) were compared, there was no significant difference in the age, gender, ISS, and occurrence of associated injury (p   =   0.82, p   =   0.23, p   =   0.92, and p   =   0.60, respectively). Mortality rate due to acute @entity4 were 37.5  % in the non- @entity3 group and 14.3  % in the @entity3 group. In the @entity3 group, three @entity0 underwent @entity3 in the hybrid operating room, and a laparotomy was performed in three @entity0 . Mean systolic blood pressure increased significantly after @entity3 (71.6        9.8 vs. 132.2        36.4  mmHg, p   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In unstable @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity3 can be used as an effective treatment, complementary to AE, to control @entity4 .

title: Preperitoneal pelvic packing in @entity0 with @entity5 due to severe @entity2 : early experience in a Korean XXXX center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells has been proposed as a novel approach for the replacement and repair of damaged CNS tissues. We have evaluated the influence of the host cellular microenvironment upon the survival, differentiation, and integration of neural progenitor cells transplanted into the CNS. Using this approach, we have investigated the fate of neural progenitor cells in vivo following transplantation into the developing @entity0 eye. @entity1 brain progenitor cells (mBPCs) isolated from neonatal @entity1 expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene were transplanted into the eyes of Brazilian opossums ( @entity2 ). @entity2 pups are born in an extremely immature, fetal-like state. The eyes of neonatal pups provide a fetal-like environment in which to study cellular interactions between host tissues and transplanted neural progenitor cells. mBPCs were transplanted by intraocular injection in hosts ranging in age from 5 days postnatal to adult. The transplanted cells were easily identified because of their GFP fluorescence. Extensive survival, differentiation, and morphological integration of mBPCs within the host tissue was observed. We found that the younger retinas provided a more supportive environment for the morphological integration of the transplanted mBPCs. Cells with morphologies characteristic of specific retinal cell types were observed. Moreover, some transplanted mBPCs were labeled with antibodies characteristic of specific neural/retinal phenotypes. These results suggest that the host environment strongly influences progenitor cell differentiation and that transplantation of neural progenitor cells may be a useful approach aimed at treating degeneration and pathology of the CNS.

title: Differentiation and morphological integration of neural progenitor cells transplanted into the developing XXXX eye.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The main aim of this work was to describe the relationship between diet, and hair and breath isotopic composition. From one Fijian rural village, hair and breath samples were procured from 20 @entity0 . Physical anthropometrics were made, and hair @entity4 / @entity7 and @entity5 / @entity6 and breath @entity4 / @entity7 were measured. Individual diet diaries were kept for two of the four preceding weeks, and isotopic compositions of items which accounted for most of the diet were measured. Individual average diets were analysed for macronutrient and energy content and conform to reasonable nutritional expectation. Characteristics of the diet are described in terms of protein and energy, their patterning with respect to different clusters of food items and their relationship to individuals' anthropometry. Breath @entity2 is depleted in @entity4 by 1-2 per thousand on average with respect to the total diet. Hair was enriched on average by 4.1 per thousand in @entity3 and 4.5 per thousand in @entity1 with respect to the total diet. There was insufficient population variation in hair isotopic composition to establish individual hair-diet isotopic differences. The definite relationship that we establish in this work, between dietary and tissue isotopic values for a @entity0 community, provides a basis for determining and validating dietary regimes more generally within non-industrial, non-global-'supermarket' economies.

title: Correspondence between XXXX diet, body composition and stable isotopic composition of hair and breath in Fijian villagers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the present review, the main objective was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong. From 1989 to 2008, the annual incidence of ciguatera varied between 3.3 and 64.9 (median 10.2) per million @entity0 . The groupers have replaced the snappers as the most important cause of ciguatera. Pacific-ciguatoxins ( @entity5 ) are most commonly present in reef fish samples implicated in ciguatera outbreaks. In affected subjects, the @entity1 often subside within days, whereas the neurological symptoms can persist for weeks or even months. @entity3 and @entity2 , which can be life-threatening, are common. Treatment of ciguatera is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Intravenous @entity4 (1 g/kg) has also been suggested. To prevent ciguatera outbreaks, the public should be educated to avoid eating large coral reef fishes, especially the @entity5 -rich parts. A Code of Practice on Import and Sale of Live Marine Fish for @entity0 Consumption for Prevention and Control of @entity6 was introduced from 2004 to 2013. The Food Safety Ordinance with a tracing mechanism came into full effect in February 2012. The Government would be able to trace the sources of the fishes more effectively and take prompt action when dealing with ciguatera incidents.

title: Epidemiology and Clinical Features of XXXX in Hong Kong.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, in advanced @entity6 ( @entity6 ), standard chemotherapy was flanked by biological agents directed against genomic abnormalities, including @entity3 and @entity9 alterations, that significantly improved @entity0 outcome. Despite these achievements, @entity2 progression almost always occurs and a reassessment of the @entity2 genetic profile may contribute to modulating the therapeutic regimen. Resampling may provide tissue for additional tests to detect acquired resistance and/or new genetic alterations, but the currently available information is limited. @entity0 AND METHODS: Histological and genetic reassessments of biopsy or surgical tissue samples from 50 non-squamous @entity6 @entity0 before and after at least one systemic treatment were performed. @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity11 and @entity7 mutations were sequenced, @entity10 was identified with real-time PCR, and @entity9 and MET genomic alterations by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Overall in baseline biopsies, 37/50 (74  %) @entity2 had genetic alterations, either single (52  %) or multiple (22  %). Among them, 16 were @entity3 mutations and 6 @entity9 rearrangements. In the second tissue sampling, 54  % of cases had additional genomic changes, including newly acquired alterations (81  %) or losses (18  %). The commonest changes were MET amplification and @entity10 mutation. One case had a histological shift from @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: The remarkable number of molecular changes following systemic therapy and the genetic complexity of some cases underline the value of histological and molecular re-evaluation of @entity1 to tailor the most appropriate therapy during disease progression.

title: Molecular and Histological Changes in Post-Treatment Biopsies of Non-Squamous XXXX : A Retrospective Study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation (F-RFA) and ultrasound-guided RFA (US-RFA) in treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2006 and January 2012, 93 @entity0 with small HCCs underwent percutaneous RFA. In 42 @entity0 with 46 HCCs invisible on US, F-RFA was performed following intra-arterial iodised oil injection (group A). The remaining 51 @entity0 with 58 HCCs received US-RFA (group B). Technical effectiveness, complications, @entity1 progression, and @entity0 survival were retrospectively compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Technical effectiveness was achieved in 45 HCCs of group A (97.8%) and 64 HCCs of group B (96.6%; p=0.65). There was no major complication in either group. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year @entity1 progression rates were lower in group A than those of group B with marginal significance (0%, 3.7% and 3.7% in group A, and 13%, 13%, and 13% in group B; p=0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year @entity0 survival rates were 100%, 58.3%, and 51.2% (group A), and 82.4%, 54.9%, and 46.1% (group B; p=0.26). CONCLUSIONS: F-RFA is a feasible and safe treatment for small @entity2 invisible on US. Its therapeutic efficacy was comparable with that of US-RFA.

title: Fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation for XXXX : a retrospective comparison with ultrasound-guided ablation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Vaccines which are efficacious against @entity3 , such as the @entity0 vaccine, @entity3 Vaccine Absorbed ( @entity4 ), contain the protective antigen (PA) component of the @entity3 toxins as the major protective immunogen. Although @entity4 protects against inhalational @entity3 , the immune responses to and role in protection of PA and possibly other antigens have yet to be fully elucidated. Sera from animals immunized with a toxin-producing, unencapsulated live vaccine strain of @entity3 have been reported to have anti-spore activities associated with the antitoxin humoral response. The authors performed studies to determine whether anti-PA antibody (Ab)-containing preparations stimulated spore uptake by phagocytes and suppressed the germination of spores in vitro. @entity4 - and PA-immune sera from several species enhanced the phagocytosis by @entity2 peritoneal macrophages of spores of the virulent Ames and the Sterne vaccine strains. Antitoxin Abs appeared to contribute significantly, although not solely, to the enhanced uptake. Rabbit antisera to PA purified from either Sterne or a PA-producing pX01-cured recombinant, affinity-purified anti-PA IgG, and monkey antisera to @entity4 were used to assess the role of anti-PA ABS: Rabbit anti-PA Abs promoted the uptake of spores of the PA-producing strains Sterne, Ames and RP42, a mutant of Sterne producing only PA, but not of the pX01-Sterne-1 strain, Ames strain, or RP4, a mutant of Sterne with deletions in the loci encoding PA and the @entity1 factor (EF) toxin component and producing only the lethal factor toxin component. Rabbit anti-PA and monkey anti- @entity4 Abs also significantly inhibited spore germination in vitro compared to preimmune serum or medium. Spore-associated proteins recognized by anti-PA Abs were detected by electron microscopy and confirmed by immunoblotting of spore coat extracts. Thus, the anti-PA Ab-specific immunity induced by @entity4 has anti-spore activity and might have a role in impeding the early stages of infection with @entity3 spores.

title: The role of antibodies to @entity3 and @entity3 toxin components in inhibiting the early stages of infection by XXXX spores.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is interest in different treatment strategies, including deintensification in good prognosis @entity5 -positive (HPV(+)) @entity4 (SCC). We reviewed our experience with weekly @entity3 in low-risk, locoregionally advanced HPV(+) oropharyngeal SCC since late 2009. METHODS: Data from @entity0 with low-risk HPV(+) oropharyngeal SCC treated with weekly @entity3 (40 mg/m(2) ) and 70 Gy radiotherapy were collected. Low risk was defined as stage III to IV oropharyngeal SCC excluding T1-2N1, T4 or N3 disease, or N2b to N2c disease in @entity0 with >10 pack-year smoking history. RESULTS: Of 31 @entity0 , the median age was 56 years (range, 41-69 years). All @entity0 completed 70 Gy radiotherapy within 51 days and 84% completed at least 5 cycles of @entity3 . Grade 3 @entity1 occurred in 22 @entity0 (71%) and grade 3 @entity6 in 6 @entity0 (19%). No @entity0 required enteral feeding at 12 months. The median follow-up was 30 months (range, 21-57 months) with no recurrences or @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Concurrent weekly @entity3 is relatively well-tolerated and associated with excellent disease control in low-risk, locoregionally advanced HPV(+) oropharyngeal SCC.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1117-E1121, 2016.

title: Weekly XXXX and radiotherapy for low risk, locoregionally advanced @entity5 -positive @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigated the effects of @entity2 (NAC) on endoplasmic reticulum stress of sertoli cells induced by @entity4 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: @entity1 sertoli cells were exposed to various concentration of (0, 6, 12, 24   g/ml) @entity4 with or without 2 mmol/L NAC for 24 hours. The cell viability was evaluated using @entity5 exclusion test. Intracellular reactive @entity0 species (ROS) was measured using the fluorescent probe @entity7 . Western blot was used to test the expression of @entity8 , PERK and @entity9 . RESULTS: It was found that treatment with NAC (2 mmol/L) restored the reduced cell viability and excessive oxidative stress (P < 0.01). Moreover, @entity3 exposure upregulated the expression of @entity8 , PERK and @entity9 protein (P <0. 01 ). NAC was also found to suppress the levels of @entity8 , PERK and @entity9 expression in @entity6 -treated cells (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathways were activated by ROS, and NAC attenuate endoplasmic reticulum stress through inhibiting the levels of ROS in @entity6 -treated sertoli cells.

title: [Effects. of XXXX on @entity3 -induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in sertoli cells].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The steatotic liver is characterized by deranged intrahepatic microvasculature that is believed to predispose it to @entity3 -reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the distorted hepatic hemodynamics and its impact on the redox status of the steatotic liver. Hepatic hemodynamic parameters, hepatic microcirculatory perfusion (HMP), and in vivo reduced @entity5 [ @entity5 ] autofluorescence, which reflects the mitochondrial redox status and tissue @entity0 levels, were measured in @entity1 (n = 7) and lean Zucker @entity2 (n = 7). Portal @entity4 per unit of liver weight were found to exhibit a 37.9% and 35.9% reduction, respectively, in the steatotic liver compared to the nonsteatotic liver of the lean group (P < 0.0001) as was HMP ( @entity1 , 96.1 +/- 18.1 PU; lean, 143.8 +/- 12.0 PU, P < 0.05) that showed a 33.2% decrease in the former. Hepatic arterial resistance, however, was 38.7% lower in the @entity1 @entity2 (83.1 +/- 9.1 mmHg. ml(-1). min) than in the lean @entity2 (135.5 +/- 15.8 mmHg. ml(-1). min) (P < 0.05). @entity5 fluorescence intensity was significantly elevated in the steatotic liver (0.16 +/- 0.001 aU) compared with the lean one (0.14 +/- 0.007 aU) (P = 0.014). Our results suggest that, in response to a reduced portal venous blood flow, there is a significant decrease in hepatic arterial resistance that, nevertheless, cannot completely compensate for the drop in overall hepatic perfusion and oxygenation of the microvascular bed in the steatotic liver of the @entity1 Zucker @entity2 .

title: Increased XXXX fluorescence with decreased blood flow in the steatotic liver of the obese Zucker @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After the failure of first-line treatment, the clinical prognosis in @entity3 ( @entity5 ) deteriorates. Effective therapeutic strategies are limited due to the @entity4 of previous treatments and the diminished tolerance of surrounding normal tissue. This study demonstrates a promising second-line regimen, with function preserving surgical @entity1 debulking, followed by a combination of postoperative interstitial brachytherapy and a simultaneous protocol of cetuximab and @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: From January 2006 to May 2013, 197 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated with brachytherapy at the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus L  beck, including 94 @entity0 due to recurrent @entity1 . Within these, 18 @entity0 were referred to our clinic because of early @entity2 following first- or second-line treatment failure. They received the new palliative regimen. A matched-pair analysis including recurrent @entity1 stage, status of resection margins, tissue invasion and previous therapy was performed to evaluate this treatment retrospectively. @entity7 ( @entity7 ), disease-free survival (DFS), functional outcome and treatment @entity4 was analyzed on the basis of medical records and follow-up data. RESULTS: DFS and @entity7 of the study group were 8.7 and 14.8  months. Whereas, DFS and @entity7 of the control group, treated only by function preserving @entity1 debulking and brachytherapy, was 3.9 and 6.1  months respectively. This demonstrates a positive trend through the additional use of the cetuximab- @entity8 protocol. Furthermore, no increase of therapy induced @entity4 was displayed. CONCLUSION: Pre-treated @entity0 with a further relapse benefit from the 'cetuximab- @entity8 recurrency scheme'. It seems to be a valuable complement to @entity1 therapy, which improves @entity7 and results in acceptable @entity4 .

title: Second-line treatment of recurrent @entity5 : @entity1 debulking in combination with high-dose-rate brachytherapy and a simultaneous cetuximab- XXXX protocol.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 are superficial cutaneous vessels that can result in noticeable aesthetical imperfections. This study presents a technique for the @entity2 using hand cautery. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 with @entity2 were treated using hand cautery (Medicell Inc, Athens, Greece) during 2009-2013. Photo documentation was performed for each @entity0 before and immediately after treatment. Treatment was performed by cauterization at 800  C, delivered via a 30G tip directly to the lesions for milliseconds. RESULTS: Twenty two out of 25 @entity0 (88%) exhibited complete resolution of @entity2 using hand cautery. In 5 (20%) @entity0 , single application achieved complete resolution of lesions and in 10 @entity0 (40%) re-treatment was required after 3 weeks. Four @entity0 (16%) required 3 consecutive treatments from which 2 @entity0 (8%) showed slight improvement and one @entity0 (4%) no improvement. No major complications were associated with this procedure except the formation of a white scar in two @entity0 that became inconspicuous after 3 months. Minor complications included skin irritation and @entity1 immediately after the treatment, which resolved within 2-3 days without intervention. CONCLUSION: Hand cautery is a very safe, effective and inexpensive tool for the treatment of @entity2 . It is simple, cheap, and requires minimal training, although it is limited to the treatment of more superficial and small lesions. We believe that this technique is suitable for office based setting. The advantage of using inexpensive and portable instruments will also be beneficial in developing counties where access to more expensive equipment is limited. Results are satisfactory but more @entity0 are needed to validate the technique.

title: Management of XXXX with Hand Cautery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenotype and age-related penetrance of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in Australian families with the @entity4 mutation @entity6 . METHOD AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional genetic study. Four unrelated pedigrees carrying the @entity6 mutation were ascertained from more than 2000 consecutive cases of @entity1 in the @entity2 Inheritance Study in Tasmania and from families with @entity2 referred to the study from throughout Australia. Index cases and available family members were examined for signs of @entity2 , and the presence of the @entity4 @entity6 mutation was ascertained by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and subsequent direct sequencing. RESULTS: From the 4 pedigrees carrying the @entity6 mutation, 23 individuals with either @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or @entity1 were found, with a mean +/- SD age at diagnosis of 41.2 +/- 11.5 years, and a mean peak intraocular pressure of 31.7 +/- 9.9 mm Hg. A further 9 mutation carriers older than 18 years were studied who as yet showed no signs of @entity3 or @entity1 (6 of these 9 were younger than 30 years). A single individual with @entity1 was identified who did not carry the @entity6 mutation. For @entity6 carriers, age-related penetrance for @entity3 or @entity1 was 88% at age 30 years. A positive family history of @entity1 was present for 3 of the 4 index cases. Thirteen (57%) of the 23 @entity6 carriers with @entity3 or @entity1 had undergone @entity2 drainage surgery. Although the @entity2 in these families appears to be pressure dependent, 2 individuals showed optic disc cupping before detected elevation in intraocular pressure. One family was of British origin, with a different background haplotype from the other 3 families from Greece or Macedonia, who shared a common haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4 @entity6 mutation is associated with @entity1 that, in the pedigrees studied, had a younger age at onset and higher peak intraocular pressure than in pedigrees with the more common @entity5 mutation. In addition, @entity0 with @entity2 with the @entity6 mutation were more likely to have undergone @entity2 drainage surgery.

title: @entity2 phenotype in pedigrees with the XXXX @entity6 mutation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of seasons on @entity3 is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To examine monthly variations in admissions for @entity1 and @entity2 including variations with sex and age and correlations with frequencies of suicides. METHODS: All admissions for @entity1 or @entity2 (N=4341) in a population of 1,800,000 with 35,285 admissions in the years 1992-1996 were analysed. All 14,503 suicides in Norway the years 1969-1996 were also analysed. RESULTS: Admissions for @entity2 had a significant monthly variation for @entity0 (chi(2)=29.78, df=11, P<0.005) with the highest peak in November and for @entity0 (chi(2)=19.69, df=11, P<0.05) with the highest peak in April. Among @entity0 increasing age correlated negatively with the range of monthly observed/expected ratios (r(s)=-0.943, N=6, P<0.01) and with a of maximal monthly observed/expected ratio (r(s)=-0.943, N=6, P<0.01). Among @entity0 suicides correlated with admissions for @entity2 (r=0.647, N=12, P<0.05) and @entity1 (r=0.678, N=12, P<0.05). LIMITATIONS: The time of admission to hospital are not identical to onset of affective episode. The study was done retrospectively. No sociocultural or physical environmental data were investigated. CONCLUSION: A hypothesis of an influence of seasons on @entity3 is supported. Younger @entity0 seem to be especially vulnerable.

title: Seasonal variation in suicides and in admissions to hospital for XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: That @entity2 is an independent risk factor for the development of @entity3 was established in the 1970s, and recent works on large samples have confirmed this fact. Investigations of the mechanisms that may lead to the development of @entity3 with @entity4 will allow not only confirmation of the relationship but also creation of better treatment. There is a multigenic basis of blood pressure regulation, and genetic factors play a role in the development of @entity4 . Genes that may have little role in the physiologic variation of blood pressure may be more important in the manifestation of pathology. And one hypothesis is that genes involved in the development of a morphotype may also have a role in the development of @entity3 . Furthermore, @entity4 may be associated with abnormal sympathetic discharge during sleep, as shown by microneurography. This mechanism may explain how a @entity1 leads to @entity3 , but impairment of vascular endothelial controls may also be involved. Investigation of vascular endothelial vasodilation as demonstrated by forearm plethysmography or the dorsal hand vein technique indicates that impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation during wake is associated with @entity4 . This endothelium-dependent vasodilation appears to be more frequently impaired than the endothelium-independent vasodilation, and the former impairment can be reversed by nasal continuous positive airway pressure. These findings are supportive fo the role of @entity4 in the development of @entity3 in @entity0 .

title: @entity1 breathing and XXXX : past lessons, future directions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 is the most common @entity2 as well as the main cause of @entity2 -related @entity4 among @entity1 , experiencing a 0.5% increase in incidence per year. The disease results from a series of mutations in the DNA development and repair genes. Approximately 50% of @entity1 @entity3 present mutations in the @entity7 gene. Polymorphisms of @entity7 include codon 72 containing either @entity5 (CGC) or @entity8 (CCC). Such polymorphisms may be involved in the susceptibility and predisposition to @entity2 , presenting a widely variable ethnic and geographic distribution. The @entity5 homozygous genotype seems to be a significant risk factor for @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of the @entity9 polymorphism of the @entity7 gene in @entity1 with @entity0 from southern Brazil, where this type of @entity2 has a high incidence, as well as its association with @entity0 and clinicopathological characteristics. Seventy-six @entity1 suffering from @entity0 and 80 controls were analyzed, and samples were evaluated by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion. No statistical differences in terms of the genotype frequency (P=0.707) or the @entity5 and @entity8 allele frequencies (P=0.469) involving codon 72 were found in @entity1 compared to controls. Thus, statistical analysis did not suggest any association between the @entity9 polymorphism of the @entity7 gene and invasive @entity6 in the population studied. Additionally, no significant association with the clinicopathological characteristics presented by the @entity0 @entity1 was found.

title: Analysis of the @entity9 polymorphism of the XXXX gene in @entity1 with invasive ductal breast carcinoma.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: High levels of @entity2 locally in the graft during the initial days after transplantation can cause primary non-function (PNF) of grafted xenogeneic islets in @entity9 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to explore in a model of spontaneous @entity0 , the @entity9 @entity1 , the potential of anti-inflammatory agents in the prevention of PNF after xenogeneic islet transplantation. METHODS: Spontaneously @entity0 @entity9 @entity1 were transplanted with 300 @entity3 islets. Animals were treated with @entity4 ( @entity6 ), @entity11 , TGF-beta or @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Intra-graft expression of @entity2 -related molecules was measured by real time PCR 8 h post-transplantation. At the same time point, plasma @entity7 levels were measured. RESULTS: Xenogeneic islets transplanted in control spontaneously @entity0 @entity1 resulted in PNF in 16 out of 38 @entity1 (42%). Initial graft loss was not altered by administration of @entity11 (30%) or TGF-beta (25%). @entity6 reduced the rate of rapid graft loss to 8% ( p<0.05 vs controls) and administration of @entity14 even totally prevented PNF (0%, p<0.05 vs controls). Furthermore, all therapies prolonged the mean survival time of xenogeneic islet grafts. The inhibition of PNF by @entity6 was associated with decreased intra-islet levels of @entity2 -related molecules (IL-1, @entity5 , @entity12 , @entity10 ) and chemokines ( @entity8 and @entity13 ). Finally, also a diminished production of systemic @entity7 levels was observed in @entity6 - and @entity14 -treated islet recipients. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These data show that treatment with @entity6 or @entity14 prevents PNF after islet transplantation in spontaneously @entity0 @entity9 @entity1 . Moreover, the involvement of non-specific @entity2 is recognized in xenogeneic islet PNF in spontaneously @entity0 @entity9 @entity1 .

title: Prevention of primary non-function of islet xenografts in autoimmune XXXX @entity9 mice by anti-inflammatory agents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini-thoracotomy, mini-sternotomy, MIAVR) have become an appealing alternative to conventional surgical (SAVR) treatment of severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in high-risk @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: Evaluate long-term result and complications after procedure in @entity0 with diagnosed @entity1 and treated with transfemoral @entity2 , SAVR, mini-thoracotomy and mini-sternotomy. @entity0 AND METHODS: 173 @entity0 with symptomatic @entity1 was enrolled in 2011-2013. Propensity scores were calculated for @entity2 vs each surgical method, compared separately. Differences in clinical outcomes between @entity2 @entity0 compared with surgical methods were adjusted for propensity score using logistic regression analysis and presented as adjusted OR with 95%CI. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 583.5 (IQR:298-736) days. Before AVR no significant differences in ejection fraction (EF) were observed between groups. Mean value of EF was significantly higher one week after @entity2 in comparison with other groups ( @entity2 :50.2%(  13.1%); minithoracotomy: 44.1%(  13.4%); ministernotomy: 37.8%(   12.8%); SAVR: 40.3%(   12.5%); P=0.001). There were no differences in the longest available follow-up mortality between analyzed groups (P=0.8). To our best knowledge, this is the first study comparing mini-thoracotomy, mini-sternotomy and SAVR with @entity2 in terms of clinical results such as the longest available follow-up mortality, function of LV, complications after procedure and both conduction disturbances and @entity3 after procedure. Conculsions: @entity2 @entity0 have beneficial long-term outcome in comparison with minithoracotomy, ministernotomy and SAVR. No differences were found in term of the longest available follow-up mortality between analyzed groups. @entity2 seems to have favourable impact on function of LV and increase EF in comparison with other methods.

title: Clinical outcomes in XXXX after surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 35 Background: To characterize the effect of a prostate-rectum spacer on dose to rectum during external beam radiotherapy for @entity1 , and to assess for factors correlated with rectal dose reduction. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity0 at 4 institutions were enrolled onto a prospective pilot clinical trial. @entity0 underwent baseline scans, then were injected with perirectal spacing hydrogel and re-scanned. IMRT plans were created on both scans for comparison. Objectives were to establish rates of creation of >= 7.5mm of prostate-rectal separation, and decrease in rectal V70 of >= 25%. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations between pre- vs. post-injection changes in rectal V70 and changes in plan conformity, rectal volume, bladder volume, bladder V70, @entity2 volume, as well as post-injection mid-gland separation, gel volume, gel thickness, length of @entity2 /gel contact, or gel left-to-right symmetry. RESULTS: Hydrogel resulted in > 7.5mm prostate-rectal separation in 95.8% of @entity0 ; 95.7% had decreased rectal V70 of > 25%, with mean reduction of 8.0 Gy. There were no significant differences in pre- and post-injection prostate, @entity2 , rectal, and bladder volumes. Plan conformities were significantly different pre- vs. post-injection (P = 0.02). In multiple regression analysis, change in plan conformity was negatively associated with reduction in V70 (P=0.01); plans with worse conformity indexes post-injection compared to pre-injection (n=13) still had improvements in rectal V70. Reductions in V70 did not significantly vary by institution, despite significant inter-institutional variations in plan conformity. There were no significant relationships between reduction in V70 and the other characteristics analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of hydrogel into prostate-rectal interface resulted in dose reductions to rectum for > 90% of @entity0 treated. Rectal sparing was statistically significant across a range of 10-75 Gy, and was demonstrated within the presence of significant inter-institutional variability in plan conformity, target definitions, and injection results.

title: A multi-institutional clinical trial of rectal dose reduction via injected polyethylene-glycol hydrogel during IMRT for XXXX : Analysis of dosimetric outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Daylight PDT (dPDT) is easy to use and does not require light equipment. Such therapy has been exhaustively proved to be successful in the treatment of @entity2 , but its use in skin photodamage remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dPDT's efficacy in skin facial photodamage. @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a parallel-group double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sixty @entity0 with symmetric facial photodamage were allocated to topical @entity4 ( @entity3 ) and daylight vs. matching placebo and daylight. Primary outcome was global photodamage improvement/failure 1 month after the third session. Secondary outcomes included: @entity1 evaluation; specific photodamage severity scores; sun irradiance quantification and Skindex-29 scores. Adverse events were also investigated. RESULTS: Primary analysis included all randomized @entity0 . All @entity0 sun-exposed for 120min in 3 sessions. The risk of failure was lower in the @entity3 -dPDT group than in the placebo plus daylight group (RR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.08-0.41). Mean solar irradiance (W/m(2)) during the first, second and third sessions was 480.82, 430.07 and 435.84, respectively. Items 5 and 14 of Skindex-29 in the @entity3 -dPDT group showed statistical significant differences. Two @entity0 in the @entity3 -dPDT group had serious and non-serious events not directly related to the product. CONCLUSION: dPDT with @entity3 was un-painful, effective and safe for the treatment of facial photodamage. Herpes simplex prophylaxis should be considered before sessions.

title: A double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of daylight photodynamic therapy with XXXX vs. Placebo and daylight in @entity0 with facial photodamage.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Rejection of transplants is frequently caused by activation of alloreactive T cells that recognize HLA/peptide differences between @entity0 and graft. This T-cell response can be directed towards the HLA molecule, the HLA-bound peptide or towards a combination. More insight in the involvement of peptides in this process may help to find ways to avoid rejection using for example antagonist peptides. In recent years many naturally processed HLA-bound peptides have been identified. This raises the question of whether these, presumably abundant, peptides are involved in class II-specific allorecognition. To investigate this, we first determined the proportion of peptide-specific alloreactive T cells in the alloresponse against HLA- @entity2 . For this purpose we have tested a panel of @entity2 -specific alloreactive T-cell clones against a @entity1 -mutant (i.e. peptide loading deficient) cell line. We found that 59 out of 64 alloreactive T-cell clones were dependent upon the presence of @entity1 for an optimal response. However, only 2 @entity1 -dependent T-cell clones recognize known peptide sequences. Thus we conclude that most @entity2 -specific alloreactive T-cell clones are peptide specific and that the currently known @entity2 -bound peptides are not the main target for allorecognition. Finally, we identified 4 T-cell clones that recognized the @entity1 -mutant better than the wild-type cell line. The response against the wild-type cell line could not be restored with invariant chain derived peptides (CLIP). This provides additional evidence that @entity1 can negatively select self-peptides other than CLIP, which can result in selection against peptides involved in allorecognition.

title: The majority of HLA- XXXX alloreactive T cells is peptide specific, but does not recognize known @entity2 -bound sequences.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to characterize those @entity0 who required reoperations for @entity6 and to determine whether modifications in surgical technique at the initial procedure might have obviated the need for repeat surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the hospital records, imaging studies, operative reports, and follow-up data of those @entity0 who were undergoing a second operation as part of a consecutive series of Chiari decompressions carried out by one neurosurgeon over a 14-year period. We wished to determine whether type of @entity6 , age at initial surgery, the presence of associated @entity4 , or initial operative technique contributed to the need for reoperation. RESULTS: Twenty-two (17%) of the surgical procedures represented reoperations (16 of 100 Chiari I and 6 of 33 @entity6 ). Of the @entity0 in the series who were operated on at age 5 years or younger, 7 (16%) were reoperations (5 of 33 Chiari I and 2 of 10 @entity6 ); 15 @entity0 (17%) of those older than 5 years at surgery were reoperations (11 of 67 Chiari I and 4 of 23 @entity6 ). 8 of the 16 @entity0 who underwent reoperations for @entity6 and 4 of the 6 @entity0 who underwent reoperations for @entity6 had their initial decompression surgery at age 5 years or younger. Reoperation was required because of failure to treat adequately an associated syrinx (n=11), because of persisting @entity2 or @entity1 (n=9), or because of a possible faulty fourth ventricular stent placement (n=2). 5 of 9 @entity0 in the operative series with @entity6 associated with @entity3 (55%), and all 3 of the @entity0 whose syrinx persisted after reoperation had @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 17% of the @entity0 with Chiari I and @entity6 in this operative series were undergoing a second operation. Factors in this series which were associated with reoperation included a young age at initial surgery, the presence of complex bony anatomy at the foramen magnum, @entity5 of the surgeon at the initial operation either to assess patency of the foramen of Magendie or correctly place a fourth ventricular stent.

title: Reoperation for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to explore the off-label use of targeted therapies (TTs) for @entity0 with @entity4 registered within the @entity3 Group - Bone Tumor Study Group (GSF-GETO) national registry. METHODS: All @entity0 with an @entity4 , registered between January 1, 2009 and July 15, 2013 were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity0 with refractory relapsed @entity4 received 33 treatment lines of TTs. The median age at the beginning of treatment was 19  years (range 9-72). The median number of previous lines of chemotherapy was 3 (range 1-8). Before inclusion, 3 @entity0 were in second complete remission, 26 were in progression for metastatic relapse. Twenty-three @entity0 received @entity8 (in combination with @entity5 for 18); 5, @entity6 ; 4, @entity7 ; and one, @entity10 . Stable disease was observed for 45.5  % of @entity0 (95  % Confidence Interval (CI) [20-52.8]). The median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) was 3  months (95  % CI [2-5.4]) for @entity0 treated by @entity8 and 1.8  months (95  % CI [1.3-2.8]) for @entity0 receiving multi-targeted @entity9 kinase inhibitors; 6-month PFS 15  %. The median Overall Survival (OS) was 6.8  months (95  % CI [4.7-12.1]), and one-year OS was 24  %. In a multivariate analysis, PFS was superior for @entity0 receiving @entity8 compared to other TTs (Hazard Ratio (HR)   =   2.7, 95  % CI [1.05-7.1]). No toxic @entity2 was reported. Grade 3 and 4 @entity1 were observed in 27 and 6  % of cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Off-label TTs, especially @entity8 , reported benefit in the treatment of @entity4 with an acceptable @entity1 profile, including in pediatric population.

title: Off-label use of targeted therapies in XXXX : data from the French registry OUTC'S (Observatoire de l'Utilisation des Th  rapies Cibl  es dans les Sarcomes).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent characterization of @entity9 receptor subtypes shows that each is critical to cellular functions and operates through separate signaling pathways that may explain differing effects of @entity8 . This study aimed to determine whether @entity9 receptors @entity10 and @entity7 are modulated after injury and to evaluate the effect of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) addition and blockade on EP receptor expression. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 10 @entity0 sustaining @entity4 or @entity3 and 10 control subjects were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide +/- @entity11 , an inhibitor of @entity5 production. Samples were evaluated for production of @entity5 , @entity1 @entity2 factor--alpha, and @entity12 as well as mRNA expression of EP receptors and @entity6 . EP receptor expression was also evaluated after treating control PBMCs with @entity5 . RESULTS: PBMCs from injured @entity0 exhibited significant increases in @entity5 production and @entity6 mRNA compared with control subjects, and these increases were inhibited by @entity11 . In contrast, @entity10 and @entity7 receptors were markedly down-regulated after injury and @entity11 restored expression to control levels. Decreased @entity10 and @entity7 receptor expression after injury was replicated by coincubation of PBMCs with @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Specific PGE(2) receptors are down-regulated after injury and @entity11 reverses this response. Furthermore, @entity5 mediates @entity10 and @entity7 down-regulation. These data suggest that specific EP receptor subtypes may provide critical targets for augmenting the immune response after injury in @entity0 .

title: XXXX E2 receptors @entity10 and @entity7 are down-regulated in @entity0 mononuclear cells after injury.

answer: @entity9


abstract: In the present study, the effects of age and diet on @entity2 disappearance and tissue-specific @entity2 uptake (R'g) were examined under basal or hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic conditions in male @entity0 . @entity0 were equicalorically fed either a high-starch diet (68% of kcal), high-fat diet (HFD; 45% of kcal), or high- @entity4 diet (68% of kcal), beginning at either 5 (W; weanling), 10 (Y; young), 18 (M; mature), or 58 wk (O; older) of age for 5 wks (n = 6-9. group(-1) x diet(-1)). Body weight gain was not significantly different among dietary groups within a given age. Significant (P< 0.05) age effects were observed on basal and clamp free @entity3 concentrations. Significant diet effects were observed on basal and clamp @entity1 concentrations. There were significant diet and age effects on basal skeletal muscle R'g. This interaction was primarily due to an age-associated increase in basal R'g microg x g(-1). min(-1)) in HFD (gastrocnemius R'g: 0.9+/-0.2 in W, 1.1+/-0.2 in Y, 1.8+/-0.2 in M, 2.5+/-0.2 in O). Both age and diet significantly decreased insulin-stimulated muscle R'g. However, whereas age-associated reductions in both @entity5 concentration and glycogen synthase activity were observed, significant diet effects were observed on @entity5 concentrations only. Age significantly reduced basal and clamp adipose tissue R'g when expressed per gram of tissue but significantly increased R'g when expressed per total fat pad mass. These data suggest that diet-induced changes in peripheral @entity2 metabolism are modulated by age.

title: Developmental stage modifies diet-induced peripheral insulin resistance in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In recent times, the incidence of @entity1 , particularly @entity3 , has been increasing worldwide. However, there appears to be no published data on the prevalence of @entity1 among school @entity0 (3 to 16 years of age) in Karachi, Pakistan, with only limited data available among few age groups under one ISAAC study. The objective of this project was to investigate the prevalence of @entity1 among school @entity0 (3 to 16 years of age) in the city of Karachi. The questionnaire that was used for data collection had previously been used for a similar study in neighboring Saudi Arabia and the U.A.E. In 2007, a total of 3,000 surveys were distributed in various schools of Karachi, of which 2,325 completed surveys were obtained. SPSS was used to perform statistical analysis on the collected data. Survey results showed that the frequency of diagnosed (previously seen by physicians) cases of @entity3 stood at 15.8%, while the frequency of @entity6 was found to be 28.50% among these @entity0 . Other parameters that were analyzed included dry cough (20.1%), wheezing (11.7%), @entity5 (15.40%), and @entity2 (21.8%). Furthermore, smoking by family members was found to be associated with @entity3 (p value less than 0.05), @entity6 (p value less than 0.05), @entity5 (p value less than 0.05), dry cough (p value 0.002), and wheezing (p value less than 0.05). This study reveals that there is a significant number of school @entity0 in the metropolitan city of Karachi who have @entity1 . It also sheds light on the fact that exposure to indoor environmental factors as well as family atopy can play a key role in increasing the chances of an individual to experience @entity3 and @entity4 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX and @entity6 among school @entity0 of Karachi, Pakistan, 2007.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are soft tissue @entity4 with @entity3 and a high rate of local recurrence after treatment. Although they do not tend to metastasise systemically, the @entity3 can lead to situations in which limb-preserving surgery cannot be performed without severe disability. As isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with @entity5 and melphalan has proven to be extremely effective in the treatment of soft tissue @entity4 , we studied its potential in locally advanced extremity @entity1 . METHODS: Prospectively maintained database in a tertiary referral centre. Between 1991 and 2003, 12 ILP procedures were performed in 11 @entity0 for locally advanced @entity1 . Local surgical therapy with preservation of limb function was impossible in all @entity0 due to large or multifocal @entity1 , multiple recurrences or extensive previous treatment. Perfusions were performed with 4-3mg @entity5 and 10-13 mg/l limb volume melphalan form leg and arm perfusions, respectively. RESULTS: Overall response rate was 75%: Two complete responses were recorded (17%) and seven @entity0 had a partial response (58%). Amputation could be avoided in all cases. Local control was obtained after 10/12 ILPs and in the other two @entity0 through repeat ILP and systemic chemotherapy, thus leading to an overall local control rate of 100%. Local @entity2 was mild and systemic @entity2 was absent in all @entity0 . CONCLUSION: ILP is a very effective treatment option in the multimodality treatment of limb @entity1 . It should be considered in @entity0 with @entity3 and disabling disease where resection without important functional sacrifice is impossible.

title: XXXX -based isolated limb perfusion in unresectable extremity @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A review of reports on metastatic @entity4 published from 1903 to 1998 in Japan revealed 128 @entity1 , 74 males, 52 females and 2 whose sex was not recorded. The average age was 44.8 years, but varied depending on the @entity4 . Since 1980, metastatic @entity4 have increased in Japan, especially those from the lung, liver and adrenal gland, while @entity3 from the stomach has decreased slightly. @entity3 from the breast is still common. Most metastatic @entity4 were from the lung, followed, in order, by breast, liver, adrenal gland and stomach. Males had four times as many metastatic @entity4 from @entity2 than did females; only females had @entity3 from @entity0 ; almost 90% of @entity3 from @entity6 were in males; @entity3 from @entity12 was 2-3 times more common in males than in females. @entity3 from the liver and stomach is seen more frequently in Japan than in the United States and Europe. Ocular signs due to orbital @entity3 from @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 were apt to appear earlier than the signs of the @entity5 . @entity3 to the orbit were frequently bilateral in @entity1 with @entity9 and @entity13 . Specific ocular signs such as ecchymosis and @entity10 were seen in orbital @entity3 from @entity9 and @entity15 , while @entity14 was characteristic of @entity13 . Orbital @entity3 was very rare in @entity1 with @entity7 , ovaries, bladder, pancreas, @entity11 in both Japan, the United States and Europe.

title: Metastatic XXXX in Japan: a review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the combination of @entity15 , @entity16 , @entity14 , and @entity8 (MIFAP) in @entity0 with prognostically unfavorable recurrent and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity13 ( @entity13 ). METHODS: Forty-six @entity0 (median age 43 years, range 18-63) with relapsed (n = 15) or refractory (n = 31) @entity6 were enrolled ( @entity9 , n = 13; low-grade/transformed @entity13 , n = 4; high-grade @entity13 , n = 29). A total of 39 @entity0 (85%) showed multiply @entity3 with a duration of prior remission of < 12 months (n = 8) or had @entity6 being resistant to prior chemotherapy (n = 31). The MIFAP therapy consisted of @entity16 (15 mg/m2, q. 12 h, day 1-4), @entity14 (50 mg/m2 by continuous infusion (CI) over 22 h, day 1-4), @entity8 (25 or 30 mg/m2 by CI over 24 h, day 1-4), and @entity15 (4 mg/m2, day 2-5). RESULTS: Thirteen @entity0 (28%) achieved complete remission (CR) and 15 @entity0 (33%) partial remission (PR), for an overall response (OR) rate of 61%. Twenty-two @entity0 responding to MIFAP (10 CR, 12 PR) have been consolidated by high-dose therapy (HDT) with hematopoietic @entity1 ( @entity1 ). After a median follow-up of 12 months, 16 @entity0 are in continuous CR (CCR) (n = 14) or CCRu (unconfirmed) (n = 2). The median duration of event-free survival (EFS) and @entity11 ( @entity11 ) were 6.5 and 19.3 months, respectively. Probabilities of EFS and @entity11 after 3 years were 19% and 40%. Responders consolidated by subsequent HDT showed rates for 3-year EFS and @entity11 of 40% and 66%, respectively. Unfavorable prognostic factors for EFS by univariate analysis were @entity6 and the presence of @entity10 . Significant prognostic factors for @entity11 were @entity13 , @entity6 , @entity10 , and bone marrow involvement. The major @entity4 were @entity12 and @entity7 of the World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV in nearly all courses (median duration 10 and 11 days). In contrast, non-hematological side effects were moderate, predominantly of WHO grades I and II. Treatment-related mortality with MIFAP was 4% (two @entity0 with @entity5 by @entity2 ). CONCLUSIONS: MIFAP is an effective salvage protocol for @entity0 with poor-risk recurrent or refractory @entity9 and @entity13 . The observed @entity4 seems to be acceptable considering the unfavorable prognosis and intensive pretreatment. The results in @entity0 responding to MIFAP and afterwards undergoing HDT with autologous stem cell support are even comparable to those published in @entity0 with prognostically more @entity3 .

title: Salvage chemotherapy with @entity15 , XXXX , @entity14 , and @entity8 (MIFAP) in relapsing and @entity6 .

answer: @entity16


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nanomechanical intervention through electroactuation is an effective strategy to guide stem cell differentiation for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In the present study, we elucidate that physical forces exerted by electroactuated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have a strong influence in regulating the lineage commitment of @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). A novel platform that combines intracellular and extracellular GNPs as nano-manipulators was designed to trigger @entity5 in hMSCs, in electric field stimulated culture condition. In order to mimic the native microenvironment of nerve and cardiac tissues, hMSCs were treated with physiologically relevant direct current electric field (DC EF) or pulsed electric field (PEF) stimuli, respectively. When exposed to regular intermittent cycles of DC EF stimuli, majority of the GNP actuated hMSCs acquired longer filopodial extensions with multiple branch-points possessing neural-like architecture. Such morphological changes were consistent with higher mRNA expression level for neural-specific markers. On the other hand, PEF elicited cardiomyogenic differentiation, which is commensurate with the tube-like morphological alterations along with the upregulation of cardiac specific markers. The observed effect was significantly promoted even by intracellular actuation and was found to be substrate independent. Further, we have substantiated the participation of oxidative signaling, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and intracellular @entity2 [ @entity1 ]i elevation as the key upstream regulators dictating GNP assisted hMSC differentiation. Thus, by adopting dual stimulation protocols, we could successfully divert the DC EF exposed cells to differentiate predominantly into neural-like cells and PEF treated cells into cardiomyogenic-like cells, via nanoactuation of GNPs. Such a novel multifaceted approach can be exploited to combat tissue loss following @entity4 or @entity3 .

title: Electrically driven intracellular and extracellular nanomanipulators evoke XXXX in @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells.

answer: @entity5