abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of adjustment of balance of @entity3 /Th2 by external cytokines on proliferation of @entity0 cells. METHODS: The gene expressions of @entity3 /Th2 type cytokines in C6, 9L, U251 and SHG44 @entity0 cells were detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After the cells were induced with @entity2 + @entity4 McAb and @entity4 + @entity2 McAb respectively, we isolated the total RNA to proceed RT-PCR again. The evaluation of cell proliferation was proceeded by @entity1 assay method. RESULTS: There was obviously predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in @entity0 cell lines (P < 0.01). The expression intensity of @entity2 was improved in @entity2 + @entity4 McAb groups and Th2 type cytokines were enhanced in @entity4 + @entity2 McAb groups. @entity2 and @entity4 McAb could cause the switch from Th2 to @entity3 , and could remarkably inhibit the proliferation of @entity0 cells in a dose-dependent way (P < 0.01). On the other hand, @entity4 and @entity2 McAb could strengthen the switch of Th2, and might stimulate the @entity0 cell growth, also in a dose-dependent way (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There is a Th2 preponderance in @entity0 cells. @entity2 and @entity4 McAb could regulate the switch from Th2 to Th0 or @entity3 , and inhibit the proliferation of @entity0 cells.

title: [Influence of adjustment of balance of XXXX /Th2 type cytokines on proliferation of @entity0 cells].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few targeted therapies (TTs) are registered for @entity2 treatment despite numerous phase II studies and yet there are potential treatment options for @entity0 after standard treatment escape. The @entity2 Group - Bone Tumor Study Group (GSF-GETO) created a national registry to evaluate the outcome of @entity0 treated with off-label TTs. METHODS: Every consecutive @entity2 - @entity0 receiving an off-label TT outside a clinical trial was included. The objective was to describe this @entity0 efficacy and safety data in routine practice. RESULTS: From October 2008 to October 2011, 249 @entity0 in 24 centers received 278 treatment lines with TTs. Twenty-five histological subtypes were included: most frequent were @entity4 (n = 48, receiving sorafenib in 63%, and sunitinib in 27%), @entity3 (n = 39, receiving sorafenib in 79%), and @entity5 (n =18, receiving sorafenib in 78%). The overall response rate to TTs was 15% (95% CI [10,6-20,2]), the disease control rate at 2  months was 59%. The median progression-free survival was 4,1  months (IC 95% [3,2-4,8]). Three complete responses were observed. No @entity1 occurred, grade 3 and 4 @entity1 were reported in 74 (27%) and 14 @entity0 (5%) respectively. CONCLUSION: Off-label TTs can be used for @entity2 @entity0 in routine practice with an acceptable @entity1 profile and efficacy similar to that reported in non-randomized clinical trials.

title: The off-label use of targeted therapies in XXXX : the OUTC'S program.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Survivors of @entity8 are at significant risk for recurrent @entity5 . Appropriate therapy for @entity5 prevention is needed given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with @entity5 , the high financial costs, and the @entity2 associated with treatment failure. A treatment strategy based on assessed risk represents an appropriate use of medical resources and results in improved outcomes. This approach requires evaluation of major risk factors, the most serious of which is a history of @entity8 or transient @entity4 attack. The annual risk for recurrent @entity5 is 6% during the first 5 years after an initial @entity5 . Non-modifiable risk factors include age, race, ethnicity, gender, family history, and geography. The most important modifiable risk factor is @entity6 . @entity1 , @entity9 , @entity15 , @entity11 , and lifestyle factors such as smoking, @entity12 , and @entity3 contribute to @entity5 risk. Antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and antiplatelet therapies have been successful in reducing the incidence of @entity5 . Clinical trials validate the benefits of statin therapy in reducing the risk for @entity5 . Studies of antiplatelet agents, including @entity7 , @entity13 , and @entity7 combined with extended-release @entity14 , have evaluated the risk reduction in recurrent @entity5 and have been concerned particularly with the risk for @entity10 . Therapy for @entity5 prevention based on risk stratification can identify @entity0 who are appropriate targets for aggressive intervention.

title: Secondary prevention of XXXX : evolution from a stepwise to a risk stratification approach to care.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Atrophy in a denervated muscle results from the disuse caused by paralysis of the muscle, and from the loss of special nerve-derived trophic substances. Crude preparations of protein from @entity0 or @entity2 sciatic nerves have been shown to prevent the nondisuse @entity1 of the @entity0 's extensor digitorum longus muscle when injected into the denervated muscle daily for 1 week. Aqueous extracts of @entity2 sciatic nerves were fractionated by gel-liquid chromatography. After each step of purification, the trophic activities of the various fractions were assayed in the @entity0 . Cross-sectional areas of type IIB muscle fibers in the denervated extensor digitorum longus were measured to determine which injected fraction contained the active principle. Affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-agarose revealed that the trophic substance was a glycoprotein. Further fractionation by gel filtration indicated that the active substance had a molecular weight in the range of 90,000 to 130,000. Ion-exchange chromatography on @entity5 -cellulose yielded an active fraction containing substances with isoelectric points between 7.0 and 7.2, determined by @entity3 gel isoelectric focusing. This active fraction was resolved into 15 bands on @entity4 -gel electrophoresis. Two bands had apparent molecular weights of 91,300 and 127,400. The active factor was shown thus to be a glycoprotein, molecular weight approximately 100,000, isoelectric point approximately 7.0. It may be one of two protein bands that are similar to it in molecular weight.

title: Partial purification from mammalian peripheral nerve of a trophic factor that ameliorates XXXX of denervated muscle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The role of diet, acculturation, and physical activity on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was examined among 1,420 Mexican American, 388 Cuban American, and 542 Puerto Rican @entity0 who responded to the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected in 1982-4. Dietary intake measures included @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity5 , fiber, @entity3 , and total kilocalories as estimated from 24-hour recall data. Serum @entity4 / @entity2 ratio was included as a measure of metabolic function. Acculturation was measured using language preference, speaking, reading and writing. Physical activity included recreational and non-recreational activities. Other correlates included age, education, and body composition. Final models indicated that age and body composition were significantly associated with blood pressure across all three Hispanic subgroups. Among Mexican-American @entity0 , acculturation had an impact on both systolic and diastolic blood pressure that was independent of diet, body composition, and physical activity. Furthermore, the dietary intake of specific nutrients such as @entity4 and @entity2 did not appear to be as important as the way the individual metabolized those nutrients, as indicated by the serum @entity4 / @entity2 ratio. The strong association of body mass index with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure among all three ethnic groups reinforces the need to maintain an appropriate body weight.

title: Blood pressure in Hispanic XXXX : the role of diet, acculturation, and physical activity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The differentiation of extramedullary myelogenous @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from @entity0 can sometimes be difficult. In the current study, we explored the value of @entity2 , @entity4 and nonspecific esterase (Leder) stains in differentiating @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen cases of phenotypically confirmed @entity3 were stained for @entity2 , @entity4 and Leder stains. The same stains were performed in 16 @entity0 as controls. The @entity3 cases were also immunostained for CD3 and @entity1 to detect the incidence of aberrant T and B lymphocyte expression. RESULTS: @entity2 was expressed in 7 of the 15 cases of @entity3 (46%). @entity4 was expressed in 10 of the 15 cases (66%), and Leder stain was positive in 9 cases (60%). All 15 cases had expression of at least one marker; 8 cases had expression of two markers and one case had expression of all 3 markers. None of the @entity0 showed expression of any of the three markers. Five cases (35%) of @entity3 showed T cell antigen expression and 2 (14%) showed B cell antigen expression. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that in cases of @entity3 , the use of the combination of @entity2 , @entity4 and Leder stains can help reach a definitive diagnosis, especially if @entity0 is difficult to exclude. Expression of B and T cell antigens in such lesions should not rule out the diagnosis of @entity3 .

title: The value of XXXX , @entity4 and chloroacetate esterase (Leder) stain in the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 is a @entity2 of the craniovertebral junction in which the odontoid abnormally prolapses into the foramen magnum. It is also associated with @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity3 . @entity0 require surgical treatment to prevent progression of @entity1 , but assessment of anterior or posterior decompression can be difficult owing to bone instability and ambiguous compression of neural structures. Here, we describe a case of @entity6 in a young adult. He presented with @entity1 , including @entity4 , 3 months after a traffic trauma that might have led to instability of the bony structures. Since it was unclear whether the instability of the bony structures contributed to the clinical deterioration, the @entity0 was first treated using halo-vest fixation. Significant improvements were observed in both @entity1 and magnetic resonance images. These results justified the invasive fixation and the @entity0 was treated further with an occipito-cervical fusion ; good results were achieved in this case. Owing to the invasiveness of the procedure, occipito-cervical fixation should only be adopted following strict indication criteria. Halo-vest fixation was effective in treating the instability of the bony structures and as a trial treatment for permanent fixation.

title: [Efficacy of halo-vest fixation in the assessment and prediction of the effectiveness of permanent fixation in a XXXX with @entity6 with ambiguous vertebral instability].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms and survival of @entity0 with @entity6 have improved, but development of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) continues to decrease survival. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze @entity0 outcomes after valve surgery for @entity4 during a 27-year period at 1  institution to determine early and late outcomes and opportunities for improved @entity0 care. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the short-term and long-term outcomes of all consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent valve replacement at our institution between 1985 and  2012. RESULTS: The records of 195 @entity0 with @entity4 were analyzed. Pre-operative New York Heart Association class was III  or IV in 125 of 178 @entity0 (70%). All had tricuspid valve replacement (159 bioprostheses, 36 mechanical), and 157  underwent a @entity5 . Other concomitant operations included mitral valve procedure (11%), aortic valve procedure (9%), @entity7 or @entity1 closure (23%), cardiac metastasectomies or biopsy (4%), and simultaneous coronary artery bypass (11%). There were 20 perioperative @entity2 (10%); after 2000, perioperative mortality was 6%. Survival rates (95% confidence intervals) at 1, 5, and 10 years were 69% (63% to 76%), 35%  (28% to 43%), and 24% (18% to 32%), respectively. Overall mortality was associated with older age, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and @entity3 use; 75% of survivors had symptomatic improvement at follow-up. Presymptomatic valve operation was not associated with late survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Operative mortality associated with valve replacement surgery for @entity4 has decreased. Symptomatic and survival benefit is noted in most @entity0 when @entity4 is managed by an experienced multidisciplinary team.

title: Early and Late Outcomes of Surgical Treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is common, and imposes a high burden in terms of cost, morbidity, and suffering. Most @entity0 with @entity1 are treated in general medicine using antidepressant medication. Outcomes are poor due to failure points across the care system, including @entity0 non-adherence, failure of physicians to optimize the treatment regimens, and lack of @entity0 -physician communication. This study reports on the 4-week pilot deployment of MedLink, a mobile intervention aimed at systemically addressing each of these failure points. A mobile app provides the @entity0 with information and collects data on symptoms and side-effects. A cellularly enabled pill bottle monitors medication adherence. Data from these are provided to the physician and @entity0 to foster communication and medication adjustments. Usability evaluation was generally favorable. Medication adherence rates in this first deployment were high with no @entity0 discontinuing, and 84% of doses taken. Depressive symptom severity was significantly reduced. This study supports the use of a comprehensive, systemic approach to mHealth solutions to enhance processes of care for @entity1 by general medicine physicians.

title: MedLink: A Mobile Intervention to Address Failure Points in the Treatment of XXXX in General Medicine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 aerobically respires with several terminal oxidases. The @entity2 oxidase (Cyo) encoded by cyoABCD is needed for efficient adaptation to low @entity0 conditions, and cyo transcription is up-regulated at low @entity0 . This study sought to determine how transcription of the cyo operon is regulated. The 5' sequence upstream of cyo was analyzed in silico and revealed putative binding sites for ActR of the ActSR two-component regulatory system. The expression of cyo was decreased in an actSR mutant regardless of the @entity0 condition. Because ActSR is known to be important for growth at low pH in another rhizobial species, the effect of growth-medium pH on cyo expression was tested. As the pH of the media was incrementally decreased, cyo expression gradually increased in the wild type, eventually reaching approximately 10-fold higher levels at low pH (4.8) compared to neutral pH (7.0) conditions. This up-regulation of cyo under decreasing pH conditions was eliminated in the actSR mutant. Both the actSR and cyo mutants had severe growth defects at low pH (4.8). Lastly, the actSR and cyo mutants had severe growth defects when grown in media treated with an @entity1 chelator. In this condition, cyo was up-regulated in the wild type whereas cyo was not induced in the actSR mutant. Altogether, the results indicate cyo expression is largely dependent on the ActSR 2-component system. This study also demonstrates additional physiological roles for Cyo in @entity3 , in which it is the preferred oxidase for growth in acidic and low @entity1 conditions.

title: The XXXX oxidase encoded by cyoABCD in @entity3 is regulated by ActSR and is crucial for growth at low pH or low @entity1 conditions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acids, such as those used in adhesive dentistry, have been shown to solubilize bioactive molecules from dentin. These @entity6 ( @entity6 ) may promote cell proliferation and differentiation, and ultimately contribute to dentin regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for varying concentrations of @entity6 extracted from @entity0 dentin by @entity9 of a range of pHs to stimulate proliferation and mineralization of two different cultured pulp cell populations. METHODS: @entity6 were solubilized from powdered @entity0 dentin (7 days - 4  C) by @entity9 of pH 1, 3, and 5 and also, @entity4 . Extracts were dialyzed for 7 days against distilled water and lyophilized. Undifferentiated @entity1 dental pulp cells (OD-21) and cells of the odontoblast-like cell line (MDPC-23) were seeded in six-well plates (1*10(5)) and cultured for 24h in DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) containing 10% (v/v) @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The cells were washed with serum-free medium and then treated with different concentrations of @entity6 (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 g/ml) daily in serum free medium for 7 days. After 3, 5 (MDPC-23 only), and 7 days of treatment, cell proliferation was measured using 10vol% @entity11 solution, which was added to each well for 1h. Cell numbers were first measured by cell counting ( @entity7 ; n=5) and Alamar blue fluorescence to validate the assay, which was then used for the subsequent assessments of proliferation. Mineralization was assessed by @entity8 assay after 12 days exposure to @entity6 (n=5). Controls were media-only (DMEM) and @entity3 ( @entity10 ; positive control). Results were analysed by ANOVA/Tukey's (p <=0.05). RESULTS: There was a linear correlation between cell counts and Alamar blue fluorescence (R(2)>0.96 for both cell types) , verifying the validity of the Alamar blue assay for these cell types. In general, there was a dose-dependent trend for enhanced cell proliferation with higher concentration of @entity6 for both cell lines, especially at 10.0 g/ml. @entity10 exposure resulted in significantly higher mineralization, but did not affect cell proliferation. @entity6 exposure demonstrated significantly greater mineralization than media-only control for 10 g/ml for all extracts, and at lower concentrations for @entity4 and pH 5 extracts. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity0 @entity6 solubilized by acids at pH levels found in commercial dentin adhesives enhanced cell proliferation and mineralization of @entity1 and @entity2 undifferentiated dental pulp cells when presented in adequate concentration.

title: Dentin matrix components extracted with XXXX enhance cell proliferation and mineralization.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: In the United States, the prevalence of the use of alternative @entity1 products (ATPs) (e.g., hookahs, e-cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos) has increased sharply. As future health care providers, medical students will play a critical role in health promotion and disease prevention. This study investigated medical students' use, knowledge, and beliefs about cigarettes and @entity2 s. METHOD: In 2014, the authors surveyed all students enrolled at one medical school in New York City. The survey included questions about personal use of @entity1 products, perceptions about the harms of ATPs and their role in disease causation, education about ATPs, and cessation training and practices related to @entity2 s and cigarettes. The authors compared results across medical school classes. RESULTS: Of 720 students, 431 (59.9%) completed the survey. Of those, 64 (14.7%) were current users of @entity1 or smoking products, including cigarettes (17; 3.9%), @entity2 s (21; 4.8%), or marijuana (39; 8.9%). Many believed that @entity2 s contributed less than cigarettes to various diseases. Respondents received less cessation training regarding ATPs than cigarettes (P < .0001). They felt less confident providing @entity2 cessation counseling than cigarette cessation counseling (P < .0001) and were less likely to report counseling @entity0 on @entity2 cessation than cigarette cessation (46 [10.7%] versus 280 [64.8%], P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: A concerning percentage of surveyed medical students use @entity1 products, including @entity2 s, and lack the knowledge, education, and cessation counseling skills to provide accurate information about them to @entity0 . @entity2 education should be added to medical school curricula to address this gap.

title: A Study of the Use, Knowledge, and Beliefs About Cigarettes and Alternative XXXX Products Among Students at One U.S. Medical School.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: In vitro experimental studyOBJECTIVE.: To investigate the effect of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on the extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis of degenerative @entity0 nucleus pulposus cells and explore the molecular mechanism. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity2 has been used successfully for bone @entity1 healing and been proved to be effective in stimulating ECM metabolism in animal intervertebral disc cells. However, whether @entity2 also exerts an anabolic effect on degenerative @entity0 nucleus pulposus cells and the possible molecular mechanism is still unclear. METHODS: The degenerative @entity0 nucleus pulposus cells were cultured in @entity3 alginate beads. In the @entity2 group, cells were exposed to an average temporal intensity of 30mW/cm2 and a frequency of 1.5MHz of @entity2 20 minutes daily for 1 week. The control group was cultured in the same way but without @entity2 stimulation. The @entity6 group was stimulated by @entity2 and treated with @entity6 simultaneously. The expression of aggrecan, collagen-II, @entity5 , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-,1and matrix metalloproteinase-3 were evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western blot or RT-PCR. Expression of signaling proteins involved in @entity7 / @entity8 / @entity4 pathway was studied by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: @entity2 significantly upregulated expression of aggrecan, collagen-II, @entity5 , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 compared with control group, but inhibited secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-3. The study further demonstrated that the upregulation of aggrecan, collagen-II, and @entity5 was related to the activation of @entity7 ( @entity7 )// @entity8 / @entity4 pathway caused by @entity2 . Moreover, inhibition of @entity8 / @entity4 significantly suppressed the special biological effect activated by @entity2 . CONCLUSION: @entity2 promotes the ECM synthesis of degenerative @entity0 nucleus pulposus cells through activation of @entity7 / @entity8 / @entity4 pathway. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes the Extracellular Matrix Synthesis of Degenerative @entity0 Nucleus Pulposus Cells Through @entity7 / XXXX / @entity4 Pathway.

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIM: Morphologic risk factors for developing @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to @entity1 may be difficult to identify in populations where the course is benign in the vast majority. Ours is a high-risk population. METHODS: Protocols of 67 biopsies from native kidneys of kidney transplant @entity0 with @entity1 were reevaluated with respect to the prevalence of certain structural findings. Time points for onset of symptoms, biopsy procedure, and @entity4 were recorded. RESULTS: Features seen with more than expected frequency were: extracapillary proliferation in 49%, cellular infiltrates in the interstitium in 89%, marked @entity3 in 54%, and IgA deposits in the peripheral capillary loops in 71%. With extracapillary proliferation the remaining time to @entity4 was 3.5 +/- 3.2 versus 7.0 +/- 4.2 years without (p < 0.0004). With marked @entity3 the remaining time was 3.5 +/- 2.7 and 8.2 +/- 4.2 years without (p = 0.0002). Cellular infiltrates in the interstitium also signified shorter progression (p = 0.009). Except for the presence of IgA in the periphery, no finding by immune fluorescence was more frequent than expected or correlated with progression. CONCLUSION: Extracapillary proliferation, interstitial cellular infiltrates, marked @entity3 , and IgA deposits in the peripheral capillary loops indicate risk of progressive @entity2 in @entity1 , but other findings by immune fluorescence do not.

title: Morphologic high-risk factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cetuxiamb, a monoclonal antibody against @entity8 ( @entity8 ), has been used in combination with chemotherapy for @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 (mCRC). However, the efficacy of combined therapies of cetuximab and different chemotherapy regimens remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and @entity5 of adding cetuximab to @entity10 -based or @entity13 -based chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of @entity0 with mCRC with wild-type/mutated @entity11 @entity1 . Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in Pubmed and Embase were systematically reviewed to assess the survival benefits and @entity5 profile mCRC @entity0 treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy. Outcomes included @entity12 ( @entity12 ), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and @entity5 . Results were expressed as the hazard ratio (HR) with 95  % confidence intervals (CI). Pooled estimates were generated by using a fixed-effects model or a randomized-effects model, depending on the heterogeneity among studies. A total of 12 trials involving 6,297 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. All @entity0 were administered @entity10 -based or @entity13 -based chemotherapy with or without cetuximab. Pooled results showed that the addition of cetuximab did not significantly improve the @entity12 (HR   =   0.99, 95  % CI   =   0.89-1.09; Z   =   0.28, P   =   0.78) or PFS (HR   =   0.94, 95  % CI   =   0.81-1.10; Z   =   0.76, P   =   0.49), but did improve ORR (RR   =   1.34, 95  % CI   =   1.08-1.65; Z   =   2.72, P   =   0.00), when compared with chemotherapy alone. Subgroup analysis showed the highest PFS benefit in @entity0 with wild-type @entity11 @entity1 (HR   =   0.80, 95  % CI   =   0.65-0.99; Z   =   2.1, P   =   0.04) or wild-type @entity11 / @entity9 @entity1 (HR   =   0.64, 95  % CI   =   0.52-0.79; Z   =   4.15, P   =   0.00). When combined with cetuximab, @entity13 -based chemotherapy was significantly associated with prolonged PFS (HR   =   0.79, 95  % CI   =   0.66-0.96; Z   =   2.36, P   =   0.02) for all @entity0 with differing gene-status. The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events, including @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity3 / @entity14 , was slightly higher in the combined therapy group than in the chemotherapy-only group. Based on the current evidence, the addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy significantly improves the PFS in @entity0 with wild-type @entity11 or wild-type @entity11 / @entity9 @entity1 as well as the ORR in all @entity0 . In addition, @entity13 -based combination therapy showed a beneficial effect on the PFS in all @entity0 . These findings confirm the use of cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of @entity0 with mCRC with wild-type @entity11 @entity1 . Further multi-center RCTs are needed to indentify these findings.

title: Efficacy and @entity5 of adding cetuximab to chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic XXXX : a meta-analysis from 12 randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Positron emission tomography (PET) with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) provides a non-invasive assessment of @entity3 . The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a dose escalation with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) guided by @entity4 -PET for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Ten @entity0 with inoperable stages III-IV @entity2 underwent @entity4 -PET before radiotherapy. @entity3 target volumes (HTV) were segmented automatically by using the fuzzy locally adaptive Bayesian method. Retrospectively, two VMAT plans were generated delivering 70  Gy to the gross @entity1 volume (GTV) defined on computed tomography simulation or 79.8  Gy to the HTV. A dosimetric comparison was performed, based on calculations of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for the parotid glands and uncomplicated @entity1 (UTCP). RESULTS: The mean @entity3 fraction, defined as the ratio between the HTV and the GTV, was 0.18. The mean average dose for both parotids was 22.7  Gy and 25.5  Gy without and with dose escalation respectively. FMISO-guided dose escalation led to a mean increase of @entity1 , NTCP for both parotids and UTCP by 18.1, 4.6 and 8   % respectively. CONCLUSION: A dose escalation up to 79.8  Gy guided by @entity4 -PET with VMAT seems feasible with improvement of @entity1 and without excessive increase of NTCP for parotids.

title: @entity3 imaging with XXXX -PET for guided dose escalation with intensity-modulated radiotherapy in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Nutrition plays an important role in brain structure and function, and the effects of diet may even be greater in those at greater risk of @entity3 , such as individuals with @entity2 -related @entity3 . However, the relation of dietary components to cognitive function in @entity2 survivors is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether @entity0 survivors (BCS) evidenced impairments in interference control, a component of cognitive control, compared to age-matched @entity1 with no prior history of @entity2 , and to examine the moderating role of diet on cognitive function. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a modified flanker task was used to assess interference control in BCS (n  =  31) and age-matched @entity1 with no prior history of @entity2 (n  =  30). Diet was assessed with 3-day food records. Differences between BCS and age-matched controls were assessed using linear mixed models, and multilevel regression analyses were conducted to assess the moderating role of  diet on cognitive performance. RESULTS: Cognitive performance was not different between groups. Fruit intake and vegetable intake were significantly associated with better performance on the incompatible condition of the flanker task (i.e., shorter reaction time and increased accuracy), independent of disease status. The association between dietary components and cognition was stronger for the incompatible @entity4 , suggesting that fruit and vegetables may be important for the up-regulation of cognitive control when faced with higher cognitive demands. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in performance on an interference control task between BCS and age-matched controls. The data suggest that greater fruit intake and vegetable intake were positively associated with interference control in both BCS and age-matched controls.

title: Relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and interference control in XXXX survivors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A group of 29 @entity0 with simultaneous @entity3 and @entity6 were treated following two protocols: Group I, 16 @entity0 had coronary bypass surgery and then @entity6 repair at a later date. This required two hospitalizations and two separate surgeries. Group II, 11 @entity0 , underwent coronary bypass surgery and repair of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in one sitting. Group III, 2 @entity0 , had PTCA prior to @entity6 repair. There were 3.1 bypass grafts implanted (Group I), vs 2.9 (Groups II) (ns). All @entity4 were infrarenal and 22 @entity0 had straight tube graft replacement (76%), and seven bifurcated grafts. Two @entity0 with @entity5 also had symptomatic @entity6 . Period of hospitalization, morbidity, mortality, time of total recovery, hospital costs, and apprehension of @entity0 were analyzed. There was one death in Group I. In this group, the total recovery time was 4.8 months vs 2.4 months for Group II. Hospitalization time was 16.2 days in Group I vs 8.2 days in Group II. The hospital costs were significantly higher in Group I with an average of  58,950 vs  46,553 in Group II. No @entity2 occurred in Group II. It is recommended that if a @entity0 with severe @entity3 requiring surgery also presents with an @entity6 of more than 5 cm, he/she should have both conditions operated on in one session rather than staggering the procedures. It saves time, cost, @entity1 , and is well tolerated.

title: One-Stage Coronary Bypass and XXXX Repair

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate @entity1 after Greenlight    photovaporisation of the prostate ( @entity5 ), through a dedicated questionnaire. METHODS: A retrospective study has been conducted between 2008 and 2014. The questionnaire had 5 sections about @entity2 while voiding, @entity4 , urgency, @entity3 and urinary stream, and was filled at one-month postoperative. The main outcome criterion was @entity2 while voiding. Descriptive statistical analyses were done to identify predictive factors for @entity2 while voiding. RESULTS: Out of 169 @entity0 , 22% had no @entity2 while voiding, 37% had moderate @entity2 , 30% acceptable @entity2 and 11% intense @entity2 . @entity0 with @entity2 were significantly older, (P=0.012), had more urgency (P=0.01) and more often @entity4 (P=0.0001). Only 7% of @entity0 had no symptoms of urgency, and urgency was painful or bothering in 57% of cases. @entity4 was frequent, with clots in 21% of cases. Ninety three percent felt improvement of urinary stream. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic evaluation of symptoms through a dedicated questionnaire one month after @entity5 has shown that 41% of @entity0 felt @entity2 while voiding, 57% had urgency and 39% significant @entity4 . These results should encourage a more accurate @entity0 information and further studies to better understand postoperative healing after @entity5 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX after Greenlight    photovaporization of the prostate through a dedicated questionnaire].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the most prevalent @entity2 in @entity0 and is characterized by @entity7 , @entity9 and @entity6 . The interaction between neurotrophins and their @entity12 ( @entity12 ) receptors is important for cellular differentiation and survival. Interestingly, marked reductions in neurotrophins and receptors have been reported in @entity3 . The cause of the decrease in these molecules remains unclear. However, the role of beta-amyloid ( @entity4 ) appears central in understanding the mechanisms controlling @entity8 / @entity12 expression. In this study we exposed SHSY5Y @entity5 cells to @entity4 or hydrogen peroxide and measured the expression of @entity10 /truncated @entity10 , and @entity8 ( @entity8 )/ @entity11 at the protein and molecular level. We show that @entity4 or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induces oxidative stress and cell @entity1 . The exposure of cells to @entity4 results in an increased @entity10 expression with a concurrent reduction in truncated @entity10 levels. H(2)O(2) exposure decreased both @entity10 and truncated @entity10 levels at the cell surface. At the molecular level @entity10 RNA increased in the presence of @entity4 and was unaffected by H(2)O(2). Similarly, @entity8 and @entity11 levels increased in the presence of @entity4 . Pre-treatment of cells with the anti-oxidant melatonin returns @entity12 receptor expression, mRNA and @entity8 / @entity11 secretion to normal levels. These results are significant as they can help in the planning and implementation of @entity3 treatment strategies involving neurotrophins.

title: Beta-amyloid modulates @entity12 B receptor expression in SHSY5Y XXXX cells: influence of the antioxidant melatonin.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The dysfunction of homologous and/or heterologous gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been implicated in tumorigenesis of many kinds of cells. Here we have characterized GJIC and the expression of connexins in six @entity0 @entity1 cell lines and normal lung fibroblasts ( @entity6 ). Compared with @entity6 , all the @entity3 cells showed reduced or little homologous GJIC. They expressed remarkably reduced connexin(Cx)43 mRNA and variable levels of @entity7 mRNA, but neither @entity4 nor @entity7 protein could be detected. However, using a preloading assay, transfer of @entity5 was observed between donor @entity6 cells and first order neighboring recipient @entity2 cells (recipient cells in 1000-fold excess). Transfer from @entity2 to @entity6 cells under the same conditions was not seen, although increasing the ratio of donor @entity2 cells to recipient @entity6 cells and plating the cells at low density did reveal weak transfer from @entity2 cells to @entity6 . Transfection of @entity4 into giant cell @entity3 PG cells increased homologous communication and eliminated the rectifying behavior of heterologous communication. This indicates that the apparent rectification of dye transfer between normal and @entity2 cells was a product of low rates of heterologous transfer linked to (i) rapid dilution of the dye to below detectable limits through a very well coupled cell population ( @entity2 to @entity6 ) and (ii) concentration of dye in immediate neighbors in a poorly coupled cell population ( @entity6 to @entity2 cells). These results suggest that the coupling levels may need to exceed a certain threshold to allow propagation of signals over a sufficient distance to affect behavior of a cell population. We propose that the relative rates of heterologous and homologous coupling of cell populations and the 'pool size' of shared metabolites in @entity2 cells and the surrounding normal tissue are likely to be very important in the regulation of their growth.

title: Effective asymmetry in gap junctional intercellular communication between populations of @entity0 normal lung fibroblasts and XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a common diagnosis in the pediatric population that is usually managed on an outpatient basis. A small proportion of @entity0 are admitted due to a @entity2 . The aim of this study was to investigate the demographics of those @entity0 and the resources utilized during their admissions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review based on the 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database. SETTING: Nationwide administrative database. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A review based on the 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database was conducted. Inclusion criteria were clinical modification codes for @entity5 (ICD-9 code 382). Data recorded included @entity0 demographics, concurrent discharge diagnosis codes, length of stay, total charges, and frequency of procedures performed. RESULTS: There were 61,783 (92,548 nationally weighted) admissions with @entity5 , which were analyzed. The average age (SD) for the @entity0 was 2.18 (3.49) years, and the average length of stay was 2.88 days. The majority (80.75%) of @entity0 did not have to undergo a procedure during admission, whereas a small proportion (5.4%) underwent a major operating room procedure. There were 21 deaths recorded (0.03%). A diagnosis of @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity1 , or @entity4 was associated with significantly increased length of stay, incidence of procedures, and total cost of admission. CONCLUSIONS: Complicated pediatric @entity5 remains of concern requiring prompt and thorough management. Major complications include @entity6 and @entity3 , and unfortunately, fatalities still occur in @entity0 with @entity5 . An understanding of resource utilization and socioeconomic implications can identify and drive opportunities for targeted quality improvement.

title: Complications of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is a promising alternative to the phased-out fumigant @entity2 ( @entity3 ); however, there are concerns about its environmental fate following soil fumigation. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various environmental factors on the rate of @entity5 degradation in soil. The chemical was added to soil at 48.6 mg kg(-1) and incubated under different conditions. The @entity5 degradation rate in soil was determined by extracting and measuring residual concentrations over a 15 d incubation period. In soil, @entity5 degradation followed availability-adjusted first-order kinetics. At 20 degrees C @entity5 had a calculated half-life of 32 d in a sandy loam containing 4.3 g kg(-1) of organic @entity1 . It degraded more rapidly as temperature increased, exhibiting a half-life of 23 d at 30 degrees C. Amendment with 10% @entity0 manure shortened the half-life to 4 d at 20 degrees C. In both unamended and manure-amended soils, the half-life of @entity5 greatly increased as the organic matter (OM) was removed and it only slightly increased in soils that were sterilized, indicating predominance of chemical reactions in @entity5 degradation. Soil texture, mineralogy, and moderate moisture content had little influence on @entity5 degradation. The degradation slowed as the chemical application rate increased. The results suggest that environmental factors, especially soil temperature and organic amendments, should be considered in combination with the minimum effective @entity5 application rate for achieving satisfactory pest-control efficacy, reducing atmospheric volatilization, and minimizing groundwater contamination.

title: Degradation of XXXX in soil: effects of environmental factors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine @entity1 status in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Charts of all @entity0 with @entity2 at the Shriners Hospital for @entity0 in Houston, Texas, seen between July 2011 and June 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Daily intake of milk, vitamins, amount of screen time, and time spent outdoors were recorded along with height, weight, body mass index, and serum @entity1 levels. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity0 were identified. The mean level of @entity1 was 58.8 nmol/L (23.5 ng/dL); 30 (81%) had insufficient levels, 50 to 75 nmol/L (20 to 30 ng/mL), or deficient levels, <50 nmol/L (<20 ng/mL). African American and Hispanic descent correlated with decreased levels (P = 0.017). Daily @entity1 supplementation correlated with increased levels (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 with @entity2 have suboptimal @entity1 levels. Despite living in a sunny climate and spending at least 15 minutes per day outdoors, @entity0 with @entity2 have suboptimal @entity1 levels. Healthcare providers should consider the routine measurement of @entity1 levels and advise supplementation accordingly in this @entity0 population.

title: Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: Adherence to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) is associated with treatment effectiveness in the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We investigated the clinical adherence to @entity2 in Taiwan. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. @entity0 treated with @entity2 were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital from February 2004 to April 2013. We analyzed their treatment duration in months. RESULTS: A total of 273 @entity0 were included in our analysis. Sixty-seven @entity0 withdrew from @entity2 treatment with mean treatment duration of 28.0    25.9 months. Better initial scores on the Mini-Mental Status Examination (P = .007), Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (P = .003), and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) Sum of Boxes (P = .011) were positively associated with clinical adherence. The clinical adherent rate was higher in the CDR-0.5 group than in the @entity3 .0 group with significant difference. CONCLUSION: Although there are some limitations in our study, these findings indicate that early intervention with ChEI in @entity0 with @entity1 should be emphasized and may lead to a better clinical adherence.

title: Clinical Compliance of XXXX in Treating @entity1 in Taiwan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: pregnancy and childbirth are the physiological processes, but have a significant impact on both the functions of particular organs, and the @entity0 's body as a whole, and often lead to the emersion of different symptoms, which significantly reduce the quality of life. These are the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) during pregnancy and after childbirth. Mental and physical sufferings of @entity0 stimulate obstetrician-gynecologists and urologists to the joint search for the causes of @entity2 in @entity0 , to the differentiated work out of individual methods of prevention, improving of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. AIM: to study the risk factors, including the presence of extragenital pathology in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: preliminary survey has been carried out, 51 @entity0 - @entity0 have been defined with complaints for @entity2 - the main group. The urogynecological questionnaire has been filled in, the diaries have been kept on urination, the results of functional tests have been evaluated as well as of ultrasonography of the lower urinary tract. The comparison group consisted of 50 @entity0 who gave birth without any signs of @entity2 . RESULTS: the results of conducted resrearch indicate the important role of extragenital pathology, in addition to the burdened obstetric and gynecological history as a risk factor for @entity2 during pregnancy and after childbirth. CONCLUSIONS: the high frequency of @entity1 , which are the visceral manifestations of the syndrome of undifferentiated connective tissue @entity3 in @entity0 of the main group, indicates that a generalized defect of connective tissue is one of the reasons for the manifestation of the symptoms of @entity2 during pregnancy and after childbirth in @entity0 of reproductive age. The gained results must be taken into account when developing the methodology of forecasting the @entity2 in @entity0 during pregnancy and after childbirth.

title: Risk factors for XXXX during pregnancy and after childbirth.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Early Intervention @entity1 [EIP] services have gained traction internationally, but are currently undergoing various forms of reconfiguration. In England, such services are now mandated to ensure 50% of accepted referrals commence care within 14 days, but no empirical evidence exists. We sought to estimate waiting times to EIP services in a large, representative epidemiological cohort in England, and investigate possible reasons for any variation. METHODS: We estimated median waiting time from referral to acceptance by EIP services and investigated whether this varied by clinical, demographic or neighbourhood-level factors, amongst 798 @entity0 , 16-35 years old, presenting to six EIP services over 3.5 years in a defined catchment area serving 2.5  million @entity0 . We used parametric survival analysis to inspect variation in waiting times (in days). RESULTS: Median waiting time was 15 days (interquartile range 7-30), although this varied across services (p   <   0.01). Waiting times increased over the case ascertainment period by an average of 4.3 days (95% CI 1.3, 6.2; p   <   0.01). Longer waiting times were associated with greater diagnostic uncertainty, indexed by an organic presentation (+   9.1 days; 95% CI 1.9, 16.6; p   <   0.01), @entity2 (+   2.6; 0.6, 3.9; p   <   0.01), absence of @entity3 (+1.8; -0.1, 3.0; p   =   0.05) and insidious onset (+1.8; -0.1, 3.0; p   =   0.06). Waiting times did not vary by most demographic or neighbourhood-level characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: EIP services operate close to new waiting time standards in England, with little systematic variation by sociodemographic position. However, waiting times increased over the study period, coinciding with substantial service reorganisation. Longer waiting times associated with greater diagnostic uncertainty highlight opportunities to reduce delays in certain clinical groups at initial referral.

title: Waiting time variation in Early Intervention XXXX services: longitudinal evidence from the SEPEA naturalistic cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe utilization and impact of sonographic growth assessment in pregnancies with low @entity1 . METHODS: Singleton pregnancies with @entity1    5th%ile and no other risk factors for fetal growth restriction from January, 2011- June, 2013 were included. Antepartum and delivery data were obtained by reviewing medical records. Outcomes of pregnancies referred for sonographic growth assessment were compared with those not referred for ultrasound. Fisher's exact test, chi-square analysis, and Mann-Whitney U were used for statistical comparison. RESULTS: 295 @entity0 were included. Of 285 pregnancies reaching the third trimester, 77.5% were referred for ultrasound, with the initial scan at a median gestational age of 28   weeks [26-29]. Referral for growth scans was associated with earlier gestational age at delivery, and higher rates of delivery for fetal indications. Those who did not undergo growth scans were more likely to deliver an SGA @entity0 at term, 20.7% vs. 35.0% (p   =   .04). There was one third-trimester fetal demise, occurring in a @entity0 who had been undergoing growth scans. CONCLUSION: Growth scans in those with low @entity1 were associated with delivery at earlier gestational age, with higher rates of delivery for fetal indications and lower rates of SGA newborns at term. No significant differences in neonatal outcomes were observed.

title: Low XXXX : the impact of ultrasound to evaluate fetal growth.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity13 are a group of diseases that can affect virtually all organ systems. A 19 year old @entity0 was seen in 1993 with @entity1 consisting of impaired function of muscles, @entity9 , progressive @entity11 , impaired phonation and swallowing, during the last 10 years. Physical examination disclosed moderate wasting of the four limb muscles, mild @entity5 muscles, symmetrical @entity6 , @entity2 , severe external ophtalmoplegia and @entity12 . Fundii oculi examination showed @entity15 . The electromyogram demonstrated myopathic changes with normal nerve conduction velocities. The cerebrospinal fluid was normal, except for a mild increase in @entity8 . Histochemical study of a muscle biopsy specimen demonstrated ragged red fibers and increase of the subsarcolemal oxidative activity of mitochondriae. The diagnosis of @entity16 was confirmed and he was discharged advising physical therapy. On February 1995, he was again admitted, this time with right @entity7 and worsening of all his previous symptoms and signs. He complained of @entity10 and his @entity5 was more striking on clinical examination. Echocardiography showed @entity4 and @entity14 with preserved systolic function. A new muscle biopsy revealed an heteroplasmic deletion of 5 Kb with 80% of mutant mitochondrial DNA. In brief, we report a @entity0 with the clinical phenotype of @entity16 who presented an acute @entity7 due to @entity3 , an association which has seldom been, reported in the literature.

title: [Severe XXXX in @entity16 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: Some studies of leisure time physical activity find a cardiovascular benefit for moderate activity, whereas others find benefit only for regular vigorous activity. We examined the relation between physical activity and 3-year progression of @entity4 . METHODS: Baseline examinations were conducted during 1995 to 1996 with two follow-up examinations at 1.5-year intervals. Intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries was determined by B-mode ultrasound in a cohort of 500 randomly sampled @entity0 and @entity0 , aged 40 to 60 years, who were asymptomatic for @entity1 . Sedentary leisure activity was defined as the lowest quartile of a general activity measure, whereas vigorous activity was defined as aerobic activity > or = 3.5 times per week. The remainder defined the moderate activity group. Analyses were adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SE) age- and sex-adjusted rates of progression of intima-media thickness declined from 14.3 +/- 1.7 microns per year in sedentary subjects, to 10.2 +/- 1.0 microns per year in moderately active subjects, to 5.5 +/- 1.5 microns per year in vigorously active subjects (P for trend <0.0001), and remained statistically significant after adjustment for other confounding factors (P for trend = 0.0004). Compared with the moderate activity group, the vigorous activity group had lower body mass index and resting heart rate and increased high-density lipoprotein @entity2 level, whereas the sedentary group had an increased resting heart rate. Workplace activity was not protective. CONCLUSION: Physical activity during leisure is inversely related to the progression of @entity3 in the carotid artery. This benefit appears to increase throughout the activity continuum.

title: Leisure time physical activity and early @entity3 : the Los Angeles XXXX Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: The primary aims of the Korean @entity0 (KOHBRA) study are to estimate the prevalence of @entity6 mutations and @entity2 among a high-risk group of @entity1 with @entity0 and their families. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The KOHBRA study is a prospective multicentre cohort identifying cases and their families. Between May 2007 and May 2010, the KOHBRA study enrolled up to 2000 subjects. All @entity1 received genetic counselling and @entity5 genetic testing; the clinical information and blood samples for blood banking were collected. An interim analysis of the prevalence of @entity6 mutations and @entity2 in Korean subjects was determined from the initial 975 @entity1 who presented to 33 centres. RESULTS: By April 2009, a total of 167 mutation carriers among 853 probands were identified. The prevalence of the @entity5 mutation was as follows: 24.8% (106/428) for @entity0 @entity1 with a family history of @entity4 ; 11.3% (24/212) for @entity1 with early-onset (<35 years) @entity0 without a family history; 22.1% (15/68) for @entity1 with @entity0 ; @entity3 in 8.3% (1/12); and 33.4% (1/3) for @entity1 with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of @entity5 mutations in Korean subjects is similar to the prevalence reported among Western cohorts. However, weak family history and non-familial early-onset of @entity0 were significant factors associated with carrying the @entity5 mutation in Korean @entity0 @entity1 . Completion of the KOHBRA study is needed to confirm these findings.

title: The Korean XXXX (KOHBRA) study: protocols and interim report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive technique for monitoring tissue oxygenation and perfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate cerebral and splanchnic NIRS changes in CDH operated @entity0 enrolled into the VICI trial and therefore randomized for ventilatory modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CDH newborns enrolled into the VICI trial (Netherlands Trial Register, NTR 1310) were randomized at birth for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or conventional mechanical ventilation ( @entity3 ) according to the trial. Cerebral oxygenation (rSO2C) and splanchnic oxygenation (rSO2S) were obtained by NIRS (INVOS 5100; Somanetics, @entity4 , MI) before and after surgery. Variations in rSO2C and rSO2S were evaluated. Mann-Whitney test and one-way ANOVA were used as appropriate. p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Thirteen VICI trial @entity0 underwent surgical repair between March 2011 and December 2012, and were enrolled in the study. Seven @entity0 were assigned to @entity2 and six to @entity3 group respectively. During surgery, a significant reduction in rSO2C (p=0.0001) and rSO2S (p=0.005) were observed. @entity2 @entity0 experienced prolonged reduction in rSO2C value (p=0.003) while rSO2S did not vary between @entity2 and @entity3 (p=0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical CDH repair was associated with decrease of cerebral and splanchnic oxygenation, regardless of ventilation. @entity0 ventilated by @entity2 need a longer time interval to recovery normal rSO2C values, than those ventilated by @entity3 . This may be owing to a different impact of @entity2 on @entity0 ' hemodynamic status with a higher @entity1 and its negative consequences on cardiac output.

title: Effects of ventilation modalities on near-infrared spectroscopy in surgically corrected CDH XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of visual inspection using @entity3 as a primary screen for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Visual inspection was done on 1997 @entity0 aged 35-45 years in a screening trial in rural China. Each @entity0 had colposcopy and at least five cervical biopsies (directed biopsy of lesions, one biopsy at 2, 4, 8, or 10 o'clock at the squamocolumnar junction in each normal quadrant, and an endocervical curettage). RESULTS: Forty-three @entity0 had biopsy-proven @entity4 , 31 had @entity4 , and 12 had @entity1 . In two @entity0 only the endocervix was positive (one with @entity4 and one with @entity4 ). Visual inspection yielded normal results in 1445 @entity0 (72%), low-grade intraepithelial @entity2 in 525 (26%), high-grade in 21 (1%), and @entity2 in six (0.3%). With abnormal visual inspection defined as low-grade intraepithelial @entity2 or worse, the sensitivity for detecting biopsy proven @entity4 or worse was 71% (61 of 86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 60%, 80%); the specificity was 74% (1420 of 1911, 95% CI 72%, 76%); the sensitivity was 65% for smaller lesions (37 of 57, 95% CI 51%, 77%), and 89% for larger lesions (24 of 27, 95% CI 71%, 98%) (P =.03). CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of visual inspection equaled or exceeded reported rates for conventional cervical cytology. Visual inspection and colposcopy have similar specificity profiles for @entity4 and greater. The benefit of an inexpensive point-of-care diagnosis and treatment algorithm will be a powerful incentive to pursue @entity2 screening in developing countries.

title: @entity2 screening by simple visual inspection after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Acute @entity0 and @entity2 are problems of great importance in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). They involve individual and epidemic morbidity, with impairment of health of individual soldiers and in the activities of units. Outbreaks of @entity0 must be reported to the IDF army health branch, which conducts epidemiological investigation. This study is based on data from yearly epidemiological reports for 1978-1989, and from a computerized database for the years 1990-1995. The incidence of outbreaks is characterized by an unstable trend. It was highest at the end of the 80's (68.3 per 100,000 soldiers on active duty) and lowest for the last 2 years (1994-1995, 36.3 per 100,000). The incidence of soldiers involved in food-borne outbreaks has been more stable, constantly declining during the course of the years. There was marked seasonality with a peak in the summer months. Sporadic morbidity was constant in 1990-1995, with a yearly attack rate of 60% in soldiers on active duty. Shigella strains were the leading cause of outbreaks until 1993, while in 1994-1995 their proportion decreased, with an increase in the proportion of Salmonella strains. As to @entity1 , its role in causing @entity2 has been characterized by marked changes. @entity4 replaced @entity3 as the leading strain. 73.3% of outbreaks were small, with fewer than 40 soldiers involved, while 5.4% of outbreaks affected more than 100 soldiers. Outbreaks in which a bacterial agent was identified or which occurred in new-recruit bases were larger than those in which a bacterial agent was not identified, or which occurred in active field unit bases. In conclusion, the rates of infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract are still high, although there has been a marked decrease since 1994. The incidence of outbreaks has also decreased, as well as the role of Shigella as a leading causative agent.

title: [Epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of diarrhea and XXXX in the Israel Defense Forces in the years 1978-1995].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 induced by anti-neoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side-effect of @entity0 therapy. AIM: To evaluate the effect of the topical application of @entity12 ( @entity13 ), a @entity5 donor, on @entity7 ( @entity7 )-induced @entity9 in hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity9 was induced in male hamsters by two intraperitoneal administrations of @entity7 on the first and second days of the experiment (60 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) followed by mechanical @entity3 on the fourth day. Animals received saline, HPMC or HPMC/ @entity13 (0.1, 0.5 or 2.0 mM) 1 h prior to the @entity7 injection and twice a day for 10 or 14 days. Samples of cheek pouches were harvested for: histopathological analysis, @entity4 and @entity6 levels, immunohistochemical staining for @entity10 , @entity4 , @entity6 , Ki67 and @entity8 RII and a TUNEL assay. The presence and levels of 39 bacterial taxa were analyzed using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. The profiles of NO released from the HPMC/ @entity13 formulations were characterized using chemiluminescence. RESULTS: The HPMC/ @entity13 formulations were found to provide sustained release of NO for more than 4 h at concentration-dependent rates of 14 to 80 nmol/mL/h. Treatment with HPMC/ @entity13 (0.5 mM) significantly reduced @entity1 , inflammatory alterations and cell death associated with @entity7 -induced @entity9 on day 14 but not on day 10. HPMC/ @entity13 administration also reversed the inhibitory effect of @entity7 on cell proliferation on day 14. In addition, we observed that the chemotherapy significantly increased the levels and/or prevalence of several bacterial species. CONCLUSION: Topical HPMC/ @entity13 accelerates mucosal recovery, reduces inflammatory parameters, speeds up re-epithelization and decreases levels of @entity11 .

title: XXXX accelerates recovery from @entity7 -induced @entity9 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of traditional administration, continuous pump injection, and closed-loop target controlled infusion of @entity3 to determine the optimal method of drug administration, and to establish the individualized and rational administration of muscle relaxants in elderly @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 150 @entity0 who underwent spinal surgery under tracheal intubation general anesthesia in our hospital from August 2013 to April 2015 were selected. All @entity0 were administered with general anesthesia and randomly divided into three groups: group A (n = 50) was treated under closed-loop target controlled infusion (CLTCI), group B (n = 50) was treated under @entity2 monitoring, and group C (n = 50) was treated under continuous pump injection. Hemodynamic changes and blood @entity1 saturation of the three groups were observed, and the @entity2 recovery, dosage, and bleeding of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: MAP and HR of group A were significantly lower than those of group B and group C (p < 0.05). There were no cases of @entity2 in group A, five cases in group C, and 14 cases in group B, and the differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Regarding @entity2 recovery, the time (T    1) of recovery from 10%-25% and 25%-75%, and the time from drug withdrawal to recovery to TOFr from 0.7-0.9 of group A were the shortest, followed by group C and group B. The differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The total dosage of @entity3 of group A was the least, followed by group C and group B, and differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the bleeding volume of group A (235.2    141.3 ml) was smaller than in group B (353.1    173.8 ml) and group C (316.5    155.2 ml), and differences between the three groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For spinal surgery of elderly @entity0 , closed-loop target controlled infusion of @entity3 was superior to continuous infusion and intravenous injection. The time of @entity2 recovery was shortened, the dosage of @entity3 was reduced, and the number of cases of @entity2 was reduced.

title: Comparative study: efficacy of closed-looptarget controlled infusion of @entity3 and other administration methods for spinal surgery of elderly XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidence and prognostic role of @entity2 and @entity3 rearrangements in mature @entity6 have been extensively studied, except the infrequent @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Here, we analyzed the @entity2 and @entity3 abnormalities and other cytogenetic aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 50 @entity4 @entity0 with bone marrow involvement. Eighteen @entity0 (36.0%) had @entity2 gains and/or amplifications, and twelve @entity0 (24.0%) had @entity3 gains and/or amplifications. Among the 18 @entity0 with @entity2 abnormality, four had simultaneous @entity2 translocations, but no @entity3 translocation was detected among @entity0 with @entity3 abnormality. Only two @entity0 (4.0%) had both @entity2 and @entity3 abnormalities. The @entity0 with a @entity2 abnormality had a significantly higher @entity1 burden, a higher percentage of medium/high risk MIPI group and genomic instability compared to those without this abnormality. However, no significant difference was observed between @entity0 with or without a @entity3 abnormality in terms of clinical and cytogenetic factors. @entity0 with a @entity2 abnormality had poorer progress-free survival (PFS) (9.0 vs. 48.0 months, p = .000) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (12.0 vs. 94.5 months, p = .000), but the presence of a @entity3 abnormality did not significantly influence either PFS or @entity5 . In multivariate analysis, the @entity2 abnormality was the independent adverse factor for both PFS and @entity5 , and intensive chemotherapy did not improve the outcome of these @entity0 . Thus, the presence of a @entity2 but not @entity3 abnormality predicted the poor survival of @entity4 @entity0 , and a new treatment strategy should be developed for these @entity0 .

title: High incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 abnormalities in XXXX , although only @entity2 abnormality predicts poor survival.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the specific clinical features of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) encountered in the current otorhinolaryngological practice. The work is based on the results of the retrospective analysis of 106 adult @entity0 presenting with @entity9 admitted for the treatment to multidisciplinary clinics of Sankt-Peterburg and Krasnoyarsk. Forty six (42.5%) @entity0 presented with @entity6 . 90% of them had suppurative destructive @entity12 . In sixty (56.6%) @entity0 , @entity3 media (epitympanophonia) was associated with the extensive destructive process spreading toward dura mater of the medial and posterior cranial fossae and onto the sigmoid sinus. The prevalence of @entity9 among the adult @entity0 suffering from @entity11 media and treated in the otorhinolaryngological clinics amounted to 3.17%. The overall structure of @entity9 was as follows: @entity5 42.5%, brain and cerebellum abscess 24.5%, suppurative @entity14 19.8%, sinus @entity7 5.7%, epidural and @entity13 4.7%, the combined suppurative @entity2 2.8%. @entity10 ( @entity4 ) was diagnosed in 33 (31%) @entity0 with @entity9 . The high intrahospital mortality rate among the @entity0 with this condition (20.8%) is emphasized. The main causes of the fatal outcome in the @entity0 with @entity9 are supposed to be @entity1 with the concomitant development of @entity8 and @entity4 .

title: [The specific clinical features of XXXX : the current views].

answer: @entity9


abstract: A 64-year-old @entity0 visited our hospital complaining of @entity2 . An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed @entity3 at the lower portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach. We performed a distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection. The histopathological diagnosis was well-differentiated @entity4 , mp, ly2, v0, n2(+), No. 11p(1/ 1), Stage III a.We used postoperative chemotherapy with a combination of S-1(80 mg/body)and low-dose @entity6 (10mg/ body   10 days). After 1 course, we continued only S-1(80 mg/body)for 3 weeks followed by a 2-week interval. About 1 year after the operation, the @entity5 value was abnormally high. An abdominal CT scan showed a marked swelling of the paraaortic lymph node. The @entity0 was then treated with the same protocol of S-1 and @entity6 again, but the @entity5 value did not decrease; therefore, a para-aortic lymph node dissection(No. 16a2b1 latero)was performed. Although the @entity5 value had decreased to normal, a few months later it was high again, and so we increased the S-1 dosage from 80 mg/body to 100mg/ body. But 6 months after the first para-aortic lymph node dissection, positron emission tomography(PET)revealed a swelling of paraaortic lymph node below the first recurrence site again. We changed the postoperative chemotherapy from S-1 and @entity6 to S-1(100mg/body)and irinotecan(80 mg/m   day 1, 8). Since the @entity5 value was not decreased, we performed a second para-aortic lymph node dissection(No. 16b1b2 latero)13 months after the first dissection. The @entity0 is presently alive with no signs of recurrence after over 1. 5 years. Para-aortic lymph node dissection combined with postoperative chemotherapy appeared to be effective for para-aortic lymph node @entity1 in this case.

title: [Efficacy of chemotherapy combined with dissection of para-aortic lymph node @entity1 following XXXX surgery -- case report].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) increases both bone formation ( @entity4 ) and bone resorption, whereas @entity3 reduces bone resorption. It is possible that the combination therapy will enhance their effects on @entity4 . Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy in @entity1 . METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relative studies. The outcomes included the mean percent increases in @entity4 of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and distal radius. A fixed-effects model or random-effects was used to pool the estimates according to the heterogeneity. RESULTS: Six RCTs with a total number of 833 @entity0 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed that, the combination therapy resulted in a higher mean percent change of increased @entity4 in distal radius (WMD = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.58, 3.31; 0.000), but not in lumbar spine (WMD = -0.83, 95%CI: -3.48, 1.81; p = .538), femoral neck (WMD = -0.99, 95%CI: -2.04, 0.07; p = .068), and total hip (WMD = -0.06, 95%CI: -0.93, 0.81; p = .892). Subgroup analysis revealed that among the @entity0 in the combination therapy group, greater increases in the spine @entity4 were observed when the @entity2 was administered with a dosage of 20   g (WMD = 2.33, 95%CI: 1.24, 3.43; p = .000), or the treatment duration lasted more than 12 months (WMD = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.00, 3.47; p = .000), or the combination therapy was used in @entity1 @entity0 (WMD = 1.58, 95%CI: 0.63, 2.53; p = .001). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that combination therapy in the treatment of @entity1 , reduced the ability of @entity2 therapy to increase the @entity4 at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip.

title: @entity2 Plus XXXX in @entity1 : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity2 (UA) could be a valid prognostic marker and useful for metabolic, hemodynamic, and functional ( @entity7 ) staging in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: For the derivation study, 112 @entity0 with @entity3 (age 59+/-12 years, peak @entity1 consumption [Vo2] 17+/-7 mL/kg per minute) were recruited. In separate studies, we validated the prognostic value of UA (n=182) and investigated the relationship between @entity7 score and the decision to list @entity0 for heart transplantation (n=120). In the derivation study, the best mortality predicting UA cutoff (at 12 months) was 565 micromol/L (9.50 mg/dL) (independently of age, peak Vo2, left ventricular ejection fraction, diuretic dose, @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity5 ; P<0.0001). In the validation study, UA >or=565 micromol/L predicted mortality (hazard ratio, 7.14; P<0.0001). In 16 @entity0 (from both studies) with UA >or=565 micromol/L, left ventricular ejection fraction <or=25% and peak Vo2 <or=14 mL/kg per min ( @entity7 score 3), 12-month survival was lowest (31%) compared with @entity0 with 2 (64%), 1 (77%), or no (98%, P<0.0001) risk factor. In an independent study, 51% of @entity0 with @entity7 score 2 and 81% of @entity0 with @entity7 score 3 were listed for transplantation. The positive predictive value of not being listed for heart transplantation with an @entity7 score of 0 or 1 was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: High serum UA levels are a strong, independent marker of impaired prognosis in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity3 . The relationship between serum UA and survival in @entity3 is graded. @entity7 staging of @entity0 with @entity3 is feasible.

title: Uric acid and survival in XXXX : validation and application in metabolic, functional, and hemodynamic staging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Acrocephalopolysyndactyly Type II ( @entity3 ) is determined by autosomal recessive inheritance. Only some 40 cases have been described. Variable clinical signs have been described including prolonged retention of primary teeth and @entity2 . This paper describes the oral and dental findings in a family containing two affected brothers. The family pedigree is informative, as the mother has had @entity0 by three partners. The two affected individuals are full brothers. The first affected brother has delayed dental development, severe @entity2 and small tooth crown size. Mesio-distal and bucco-lingual dimensions were measured on the study models and compared with population data. The younger brother also has delayed dental development but only mild @entity2 . Their half sister has severe @entity2 but no signs of @entity3 . This family study demonstrates two affected individuals with typical clinical features and a pedigree compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Small tooth crown size has been shown by standardized measurement and evidence advanced that @entity2 is not part of the syndrome but a coincidental finding which segregates independently. We have also shown that the marked delay in emergence of teeth is associated more with problems of tooth eruption, possibly related to the @entity1 , than to a generalized delay in dental development.

title: Oral findings in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ileocecal resection is the most commonly performed operation in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity6 , with their associated morbidity, are the most feared risks of surgery. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the influence of a variety of putative risk factors in a homogenous group of @entity0 undergoing first or subsequent surgery for @entity1 to quantify the cumulative risk for @entity6 . DESIGN AND @entity0 : All @entity0 undergoing ileocecal or ileocolic resections for @entity1 from 2000 to 2010 were studied with the use of a prospective database. Demographics, operative details, possible risk factors, and @entity6 were recorded. @entity0 having strictureplasties, multiple resections, or subtotal colonic resections were excluded from analysis. Statistical analysis was by univariate analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) and binary logistic regression. OUTCOMES: An @entity6 was defined as a proven @entity9 , postoperative fistulation, or @entity10 formation. RESULTS: Two hundred seven @entity0 (109 female) with a median age of 35 years (range, 13-75 years) were identified. One hundred seventy-three underwent primary @entity5 , 94 as an emergency procedure. Fifty-three had laparoscopic (5 converted) procedures. Nineteen of 173 @entity9 complication events (11%) were recorded. @entity2 usage (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.0-7.2) and the presence of preoperative @entity8 formation (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2-9.8) were identified as independent predictors of @entity6 . In the absence of both @entity4 and @entity10 , the risk of @entity7 was 6%, which increased to 14% if either risk factor was present. When both risk factors were present, complication rates reached 40%. CONCLUSION: Steroid usage and preoperative @entity8 were associated with higher rates of @entity7 following ileocolic resection for @entity3 . When both risk factors are present, it is best to avoid primary @entity5 .

title: Influence of risk factors on the safety of ileocolic XXXX in @entity1 surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is known to be reduced in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), it has not been elucidated whether or not @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is reduced. We aimed to determine whether multidirectional and layer-specific @entity1 is reduced in @entity0 with nonobstructive @entity2 .Methods   and   Results:Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed in 41 @entity2 @entity0 and 27 control subjects. @entity3 and @entity4 were measured in the inner, mid, and outer layers. Global @entity4 was significantly lower in the @entity2 group than in controls in the inner (-10.3  2.9 vs. -14.8  2.0%, P<0.001), mid (-8.7  2.6 vs. -13.8  1.9%, P<0.001), and outer (-7.2  2.6 vs. -11.9  1.9%, P<0.001) layers. Global @entity4 was preserved in the inner layer (-23.8  4.7 vs. -24.3  3.3%, P=0.69) but reduced in the mid (-10.3  3.1 vs. -13.3  2.5%, P<0.001) and outer layers (-6.7  2.3 vs. -8.6  2.3%, P=0.002). Differences in @entity4 between the inner and outer layers correlated with segmental relative wall thickness (r=-0.20, P=0.002). Furthermore, only the absolute value of global @entity4 in the inner layer positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r=0.32, P<0.01) among these multidirectional and layer-specific strains. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , not only the @entity4 in all layers but also @entity4 in the mid and outer layers was reduced, presumably reflecting @entity1 . In contrast, @entity4 in the inner layer was preserved, being associated with maintenance of chamber function. (Circ J 2015; 79: 2471-2479).

title: Myocardial Shortening in 3 Orthogonal Directions and Its Transmural Variation in XXXX With Nonobstructive @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity3 is considered to be a major cause of progressive @entity6 in @entity0 with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs), the @entity1 in @entity0 with spinal intradural @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been attributed to @entity5 or to vascular steal. To reexamine this theory, we analyzed our own cases of @entity4 . METHODS: In 24 @entity0 with @entity4 , those who demonstrated progressive @entity6 with T2 hyperintensity in the spinal cord on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were diagnosed as @entity0 with congestive @entity6 . We further examined the clinical courses, MRI findings, and reversibility of these cases. RESULTS: @entity3 was judged to be a cause of @entity1 in 13 @entity0 (7 DAVFs, 6 intradural @entity7 ). The T2 signals on these @entity0 ' MRI scans were located in the center and extended over several levels not corresponding to distribution of @entity2 due to arterial steal. Of the @entity0 who were diagnosed with congestive @entity6 , no differences between those with DAVFs and those with intradural @entity7 were apparent in terms of clinical manifestations and reversibility. Eight (four DAVFs, four intradural @entity7 ) of 13 @entity0 experienced @entity1 after treatment. All @entity0 with poor outcomes had intervals from onset of more than 3 years and showed contrast enhancement of the spinal cord on MRI studies. CONCLUSION: Spinal intradural @entity7 as well as spinal DAVFs can be a cause of @entity3 . Regardless of its etiology, congestive @entity6 is potentially reversible if properly diagnosed and treated.

title: @entity3 is a major cause of XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Our objective was to identify shed placental plasma membrane fragments in the maternal circulation and determine whether these fragments are capable of down-regulating @entity6 expression and inducing apoptosis in T lymphocytes. Sera, isolated from the blood of pregnant @entity0 at 26-29 weeks gestation that subsequently had uncomplicated term deliveries, were subjected to high exclusion-limit gel chromatography to isolate placental membrane fragments. The placental origin of the fragments was confirmed by the presence of placental-type alkaline @entity5 . These shed membrane fragments were further analyzed for the presence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and modulation of @entity6 expression on cultured T-lymphocytes (Jurkat cells). The ability of the shed membrane fragments to induce apoptosis was assayed using a cell death ELISA. Components associated with Fas-dependent apoptosis ( @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 ) were characterized using western immunoblot following exposure to serum-derived membrane fragments. Placental membrane fragments were identified in all pregnancy sera, but not in non-pregnant controls. The 41 kDa @entity1 was identified in membrane fragment isolates and all samples were capable of inducing apoptosis as determined by the ELISA assay. Exposure of T lymphocytes to isolated membrane fragments suppressed the expression of @entity6 . The induction of apoptosis correlated with the induction and activation of @entity2 and the induction of @entity4 . Placenta-derived membrane fragments are detectable in the maternal circulation. These membrane fragment isolates are capable of inducing @entity1 -mediated apoptosis and down-regulating @entity6 expression, which may contribute to the immune tolerance of the fetus.

title: Shed membrane fragment modulation of XXXX during pregnancy: link with induction of apoptosis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 compared to pharmacologic/conventional management. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Springer Link Library databases up to February 10th, 2014. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the mortality of the @entity0 with @entity1 were collected and calculated in a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model, as appropriate. Summary effect estimates were also stratified by sex and follow-up time. Egger's regression asymmetry tests were utilized for publication bias detection. RESULTS A total of 7 separate studies including 15 520 @entity0 (10 801 @entity2 cases and 4719 controls) with @entity1 were considered in the meta-analysis. The overall estimates showed that @entity2 could statistically significantly reduce the mortality of male (RR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.66-0.80) and female (RR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.90) @entity0 . In addition, the further stratification subgroup analysis indicated that @entity2 presented a significant reduction (male: RR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.64-0.81; female: RR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.56-0.85) of mortality after 2-3 years of @entity2 therapy. The RR (95% CI) effects of mortality after 4-5 years of @entity2 therapy for males and females were 0.76 (0.51-1.14) and 0.96 (0.68-1.37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that @entity2 could reduce @entity1 @entity0 mortality despite the sex difference.

title: Use of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in @entity1 XXXX and Risk of Mortality: A Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate recipient and operative factors that can influence the rate of achieving a bare @entity1 ( @entity1 ) during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for @entity3 . MATERIALS: In this retrospective comparative study, a total of 290 (153 right) consecutive eyes from 257 (179 male) @entity3 -affected @entity0 who underwent DALK with the big-bubble technique were enrolled. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions were used to investigate factors including @entity0 age and sex, family history of @entity3 , history of contact lens wear or @entity2 , the presence of Vogt's striae or superficial stromal opacities, keratometric readings, corneal diameter, central and peripheral corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, vitreous length, and trephination size, which could predict achievement of a bare @entity1 . RESULTS: The surgery was completed as a DALK in 289 of 290 eyes, and a bare @entity1 was successfully achieved in 229 (79.2%) eyes. The recipient sex and trephination size significantly influenced the success rate of big-bubble formation. Females had decreased odds of achieving a bare @entity1 by 0.44 times (p=0.02). For each 0.1   mm increase in the trephination size, the odds of a successful big-bubble formation increased by 1.36 times (p=0.03). Other investigated factors did not significantly influence the rate of achieving a bare @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The rate of successful big-bubble formation was 79.2% in @entity3 . Among the different factors, recipient sex and trephination size significantly influenced this rate. Females had a lower probability of big-bubble formation, and a large trephination size was associated with an increase in the probability of achieving a bare @entity1 .

title: Factors influencing big-bubble formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study to evaluate the functional outcomes of elderly @entity0 after open reduction internal fixation of @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective clinical and radiographic evaluation. SETTING: A Level I trauma and tertiary referral center. @entity0 / @entity0 : We identified 23 eligible @entity0 aged older than 65 years from the center's orthopaedic trauma registry between 1997 and 2005. Fourteen @entity0 were available for follow-up. We had a mean follow-up of 51 months with a range of 20 to 99 months. INTERVENTION: All enrolled @entity0 were acutely treated with open reduction internal fixation of their distal humerus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: All enrolled @entity0 were contacted and evaluated radiographically and with physical examination. Functional outcome was assessed with the Mayo Elbow Performance, Disabilities of Arm and Shoulder and Hand, and Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment functional questionnaires. RESULTS: All 14 @entity3 united. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance score was 83. The mean elbow flexion-extension arc was 20   to 120  . There was no significant loss of forearm pronation-supination (P > 0.05) or grip strength (32.6 versus 34.0 lbs, P > 0.05) compared with the contralateral arm. The mean Disabilities of Arm and Shoulder and Hand score was 37.6. Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment scores demonstrated disability with a mean total score of 33.4 (normative 9.3), hand score of 34.7 (normative 3.7), and self-care score of 31.8 (normative 1.7). One @entity0 required reoperation for a @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Intra-articular distal humerus @entity3 are severely disabling @entity1 , particularly in the elderly population. Good results can be achieved with stable fixation and @entity3 union. Despite reasonable range of motion, @entity0 -directed questionnaires revealed persistent @entity2 and functional limitations.

title: Functional outcome after open reduction internal fixation of XXXX of the distal humerus in the elderly.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 who were eligible for @entity4 treatment per American @entity1 Association (ADA) recommendations and the proportion who were actually prescribed a @entity4 in US clinical practice. Factors associated with receiving a @entity4 prescription were also determined. METHODS: @entity0 >=  25 years diagnosed with @entity3 2 @entity1 or had received prescriptions for antihyperglycemic agents between 7/2006 and 6/2008 were identified within a large electronic medical record database. Eligibility for @entity4 therapy was determined according to 2008 ADA recommendations. @entity4 use was assessed based on prescription records during a 12-month follow-up period. An adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the likelihood of @entity4 use in relation to selected baseline characteristics. RESULTS: Of the 125,464 @entity0 identified, 98.5% were eligible for @entity4 therapy. Only 62.9% received a @entity4 prescription during follow-up period. In an adjusted logistic regression, factors associated with increased likelihood of @entity4 use were older age, male gender, smoking, history of @entity2 , and receiving an antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, or anticoagulant prescription at baseline (all p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: Of the @entity0 who did not receive @entity4 during follow-up, 13% of them were previously on a @entity4 during the baseline period. The reasons for discontinuing therapy are not known. It cannot be excluded that some of these @entity0 were intolerant or had contraindications to @entity4 . The data on prescription dispensing and compliance were not recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly all @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 were eligible for @entity4 therapy, but less than two-thirds received @entity4 therapy in US clinical practice. Efforts to minimize this gap are warranted.

title: Underutilization of statins in XXXX with @entity3 2 @entity1 in US clinical practice: a retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This US, multicenter, observational study assessed the CKD prevalence in adult @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and characterized the proportion of detected and undiagnosed CKD in the primary care setting using the following: a clinician survey; a @entity0 physical exam and medical history; a single blood draw for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c); urine dipstick for protein; urine albumin- @entity3 ratio (ACR); two @entity0 quality of life questionnaires; and a 15-month medical record review. The study consisted of 9339 adults with @entity1 and 466 investigator sites. Of the 9339 enrolled, 9307 had complete data collection for analysis. The 15-month retrospective review showed urine protein, urine ACR, and eGFR testing were not performed in 51.4%, 52.9% and 15.2% of individuals, respectively. Of the 9307 @entity0 , 5036 (54.1%) had Stage 1-5 CKD based on eGFR and @entity2 ; however, only 607 (12.1%) of those @entity0 were identified as having CKD by their clinicians. Clinicians were more successful in diagnosing @entity0 with Stage 3-5 CKD than Stages 1 and 2. There were no differences in clinicians' likelihood of identification of CKD based on practice setting, number of years in practice, or self-reported @entity0 seen per week. Awareness or @entity0 self-reported CKD was 81.1% with practitioner detection versus 2.6% in the absence of diagnosis. Primary care of @entity1 demonstrates recommended urine CKD testing is underutilized, and CKD is significantly under-diagnosed. This is the first study to show CKD detection is associated with awareness.

title: Primary Care Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults with Type-2 XXXX : The ADD-CKD Study (Awareness, Detection and Drug Therapy in Type 2 @entity1 and Chronic Kidney Disease).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aposematism is the association, in a prey organism, of the presence of a warning signal with unprofitability to predators. The origin of aposematism is puzzling, because of its predicted low probability of establishment in a population due to the prey's increased conspicuousness. Aposematism is a widespread trait in invertebrate taxa, but, in vertebrates, it is mostly evident in amphibians, reptiles, and fishes. Poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are one of the most well known examples of the co-occurrence of warning coloration and @entity0 . This monophyletic group of mostly diurnal leaf-litter Neotropical anurans has both toxic/colorful and palatable/cryptic species. Previous studies suggested a single origin of @entity0 and warning coloration, dividing the family in two discrete groups of primitively cryptic and more derived aposematic frogs. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses using mostly aposematic taxa supported this conclusion and proposed a single tandem origin of @entity0 and conspicuous warning coloration. By using expanded taxon and character sampling, we reexamined the phylogenetic correlation between the origins of @entity0 and warning coloration. At least four or five independent origins of aposematism have occurred within @entity1 frogs; by using simulations, we rejected hypotheses of one, two, or three origins of aposematism (P < 0.002). We also found that diet specialization is linked with the evolution of aposematism. Specialization on prey, such as ants and termites, may have evolved independently at least two times.

title: Multiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in XXXX frogs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of the Immulite @entity5 assay for the detection of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). POPULATION: 150 males and 63 females with a median age of 63 years, range 28 to 88, and an interquartile range of 18 years were admitted within 24 h of @entity3 and non-ST segment elevation @entity4 were studied. The median onset of symptoms was 3 h (range 0-23). METHODS: Venous samples were taken on admission (t = 0) and at 24 h (t = 24). The serum samples were assayed for CK, CK-MB and @entity6 on an Elecsys 1010 (Roche Diagnostics, Lewes, UK). The @entity6 assay CV was 5.5% at 0.32 microg/l and 5.4% at 6.0 microg/l, and the detection limit was 0.01 microg/l with an upper limit of 25 microg/l. For @entity5 using the Immulite (DPC, Gwynedd, Wales), the detection limit was 0.1 microg/l, and the upper limit was 180 microg/l. Final diagnostic categorization was performed by both WHO and European Society of Cardiology criteria using @entity6 as the diagnostic cardiac biomarker. @entity0 were followed for the major adverse @entity2 (MACE), endpoints @entity1 , AMI or need for urgent revascularization. ROC curves were constructed using final diagnosis. Outcome prediction was assessed by ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: Both methods had equivalent diagnostic efficiency using WHO criteria for AMI. When ESC criteria were used the AUC for admission and 24 h @entity6 and @entity5 values were 0.945 vs. 0.910, P = 0.20 and 0.998 vs. 0.937, P = 0.005, respectively. Both methods predicted outcome as either @entity1 or MI or MACE and were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The Immulite @entity5 assay can be used for diagnosis and risk stratification in @entity0 admitted with non-ST segment elevation @entity4 .

title: Diagnostic and prognostic role of XXXX ( @entity5 ) measured on the DPC Immulite.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the potential usefulness of early macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) measurement for detecting @entity3 in eyes with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with @entity4 were examined within 1  month of visual disturbance onset and underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurement of the mGCIPL and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL). Complete ophthalmologic evaluations, including visual acuity and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) test, were performed. The time to minimum and average mGCIPL and pRNFL thinning were investigated. The correlation between the area of mGCIPL thinning and the affected @entity2 area was also analyzed. RESULTS: Thirteen eyes of 13 @entity0 with @entity4 were included. The length of time from visual disturbance onset to minimum and average mGCIPL thinning was 32.5        12.1  days and 46.1        23.2  days, respectively, and the time to pRNFL thinning was 79.2        19.7  days. There was a significant regional correlation between the area of mGCIPL loss and that of the @entity2 in the early phase (r   =   0.610; p   =   0.027). However, the area of mGCIPL thinning in the late phase did not correlate with that of late @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In the early phase, mGCIPL thinning was observed, and the area of mGCIPL thinning correlated with that of the @entity2 in eyes with @entity4 . Therefore, early @entity1 may be detected in @entity4 by measurement of mGCIPL using SD-OCT.

title: Early macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer analysis in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Rupture of an @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is frequently associated with intense physical exertion and/or emotional excitement, events that are typically also accompanied by sudden significant changes in both heart rate and blood pressure. Very few experimental studies of @entity3 hemodynamics have examined the impact on hemodynamic parameters in and around an @entity3 resulting from changes in heart rate. In order to further understanding these changes, as they relate to hemodynamic features that may contribute to rupture of an @entity2 , we examined the characteristics of pulsatile flow in and around two " @entity0 -specific" @entity2 at three different @entity1 . Three dimensional X-ray angiographic data (3D-DSA) were used to reconstruct accurate and @entity0 -specific @entity3 geometries. Then, computational fluid dynamics techniques were utilized to analyze the characteristics of blood flow in and around the two @entity3 . Physiologically realistic flow conditions, as measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound, were used in the simulations. Our results showed that there were significant changes in the overall flow patterns (e.g., vortex formation and translation) associated with the changes of heart rates. In both @entity3 , the calculated wall shear stress exhibited substantial increases with an increase in heart rate. Our results suggest that the changes in local hemodynamic forces associated with variations in heart rate are dependent not only on the heart rate but also on the @entity3 geometry. This thus precludes applying our observations about the impact of variations in cardiac rate to @entity3 in general.

title: Computational fluid dynamics simulations of XXXX at varying heart rates: a " @entity0 -specific" study.

answer: @entity2