abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is high in general populations around the world. Targeted testing and screening for @entity3 are often conducted to help identify individuals that may benefit from treatment to ameliorate or prevent their disease progression. AIMS: This systematic review examines the methods used in economic evaluations of testing and screening in @entity3 , with a particular focus on whether test accuracy has been considered, and how analysis has incorporated issues that may be important to the @entity0 , such as the impact of testing on quality of life and the costs they incur. METHODS: Articles that described model-based economic evaluations of @entity0 testing interventions focused on @entity3 were identified through the searching of electronic databases and the hand searching of the bibliographies of the included studies. RESULTS: The initial electronic searches identified 2,671 papers of which 21 were included in the final review. Eighteen studies focused on @entity2 , three evaluated glomerular filtration rate testing and one included both tests. The full impact of inaccurate test results was frequently not considered in economic evaluations in this setting as a societal perspective was rarely adopted. The impact of false positive tests on @entity0 in terms of the costs incurred in re-attending for repeat testing, and the @entity1 associated with a positive test was almost always overlooked. In one study where the impact of a false positive test on @entity0 quality of life was examined in sensitivity analysis, it had a significant impact on the conclusions drawn from the model. CONCLUSION: Future economic evaluations of kidney function testing should examine testing and monitoring pathways from the perspective of @entity0 , to ensure that issues that are important to @entity0 , such as the possibility of inaccurate test results, are properly considered in the analysis.

title: Methods Used in Economic Evaluations of XXXX Testing - A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore gene expression changes in fatigued @entity0 with nonmetastatic @entity1 receiving localized external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). METHODS: Fatigue was measured in 40 @entity0 with @entity1 (20 receiving EBRT and 20 controls on active surveillance) using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F). EBRT subjects were followed from baseline to midpoint and end point of EBRT, while controls were seen at one time point. EBRT subjects were categorized into high- and low- @entity2 groups based on change in FACT-F scores from baseline to EBRT completion. Full genome microarray was performed from peripheral leukocyte RNA to determine gene expression changes related to @entity2 phenotypes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the most differentially expressed gene in the microarray experiment. RESULTS: At baseline, mean FACT-F scores were not different between EBRT subjects (44.3    7.16) and controls (46.7    4.32, p = .24). Fatigue scores of EBRT subjects decreased at treatment midpoint (38.6    9.17, p = .01) and completion (37.6    9.9, p = .06), indicating worsening @entity2 . Differential expression of 42 genes was observed between @entity2 groups when EBRT time points were controlled. Membrane-spanning four domains, subfamily A, member ( @entity4 ) was the most differentially expressed gene and was associated with @entity2 at treatment end point (r = -.46, p = .04). CONCLUSION: Fatigue intensification was associated with @entity4 downregulation, suggesting that @entity2 during EBRT may be related to impairment in B-cell immune response. The 42 differentially expressed @entity2 -related genes are associated with @entity3 biosynthesis, y-glutamyl cycle, and antigen presentation pathways.

title: Genomic Profile of Fatigued XXXX Receiving Localized Radiation Therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To assess the prevalence of @entity1 among inmates at old age care homes in south India and scrutinize their therapy, glycemic levels and burden of hypoglycemic episodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medication record based observational study was conducted in 9 old-age care facilities across south India from February to September 2015. The cognitive and functional status were analysed and the prevalence of @entity4 estimated. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 for windows. RESULTS: The prevalence, predisposing variables and therapeutic modalities used in 189 inmates of 9 old-age homes in Kerala. The mean age of the sample was estimated to be 71.3  3.4 years. 67.2% of the total inmates were found to be @entity1 and met the inclusion criteria. Of the total @entity0 , 72.44% had co-existence of both @entity2 .86% @entity0 developed @entity4 at least at some point during the therapy and @entity3 was found to be the drug used in majority of @entity0 with the condition indicating that aggressive therapies can increase fatality due to @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Most guidelines call for an individualized therapeutic approach suing less aggressive strategies for @entity0 vulnerable to @entity4 and geriatric population form such a substantial group. The current study highlights the necessity for special attention when considering therapeutic regimen among such @entity0 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX among @entity1 old age home residents in South India.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 is a behaviorally defined, life-long static developmental disorder of the brain that is poised for neurobiological investigation. It affects at least 1 or 2 in 1000 @entity0 and has a broad range of severity. It has multiple causes, with genetics playing a major role. According to the DSM-IV, defining features are impaired sociability, language and communication, and range of interests and activities. @entity3 is frequent but by no means universal. The cognitive profile is characteristic, occasionally with a superior but narrow talent. Perseveration, concreteness, affective blunting, and lack of insight into other @entity0 ' thinking may be conspicuous. The neurological basis of @entity4 's many sensorimotor features, including stereotypies, is unknown. Attention and sleep are affected, and one third of individuals experience @entity1 by adulthood. Whether subclinical @entity1 plays a role in the developmental regression of the one third of the toddlers who lose their language skills and become autistic remains to be determined. Clinical neuroimaging and biochemical investigations are generally unremarkable. Fewer than 35 brains have been examined pathologically, none with modern techniques. The findings thus far suggest subtle prenatal neuronal maldevelopment in the cerebellum and certain limbic structures. Abnormalities in distributed networks involving @entity2 and perhaps other neurotransmitters require further documentation.

title: Neurobiology of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Fewer than 5% of @entity5 (SCC) are presented in the maxilla. The absence of cervical @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is one of the main positive prognostic factors. This single-centre study analysed the cervical @entity8 behaviour in @entity0 with oral SCC of the upper jaw and serves as a basis for a cervical lymph node treatment suggestion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective study includes 171 @entity0 with isolated SCC of the maxilla. In addition to @entity2 resection, 83% of the @entity0 underwent a selective @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The data of cervical @entity1 , TNM-status, @entity2 grade, @entity2 location as well as @entity6 and @entity4 behaviour were statistically analysed. RESULTS: The average rate of cervical @entity1 was 44% in total. @entity2 stage significantly affected risk for cervical @entity1 (T1  =  6%, T2  =  41%, T3  =  60% and T4  =  60%) (p  <  0.01). Development of cervical @entity8 was seemingly influenced by male gender. DISCUSSION: This study postulates a high rate of cervical @entity1 of maxillary SCC. Risk for @entity1 is mainly determined by the @entity2 stage. @entity4 and @entity6 abuse have a negative impact on cervical @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Reviewing recent literature underlined by the illustrated data, we put up for discussion the treatment of SCC of the maxilla as similar to therapy protocols for @entity7 . This would include an @entity3 even in low @entity2 stage and in T4 staged @entity2 on both sides. However, prospective multicentre studies are needed to verify and recommend these therapy assumptions.

title: Occurrence of cervical @entity8 of @entity5 - A monocentric study of 171 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cervical @entity5 managed via an anterior approach with an arthrodesis is associated with a decreased range of motion and accelerated adjacent segment degeneration. Artificial cervical disc replacement may address these problems. A series of seven cases (three @entity0 , two @entity0 ; age 31-55 years) of anterior cervical decompression and placement of an artificial disc prosthesis is presented. A total of nine Bryan cervical disc prostheses (Spinal Dynamics Corp., Mercer Island, WA) were placed. Clinical and radiologic follow-up was performed at 24 hours, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and then yearly (mean follow-up period 6.29 months, range 1-17 months). There were no complications. There was an improvement in Nurick grade by 0.72 grade (P < 0.05) and @entity1 Disability Index score by 51.4 points (P < 0.0001). Motion was preserved. Improvement in @entity4 occurred in 29% of cases. The spinal cord was decompressed on postoperative imaging. Cervical arthroplasty after anterior cervical decompression at one or more levels represents an exciting tool in the management of @entity5 secondary to spondylotic disease or @entity3 . This is the first study that looks specifically at cervical arthroplasty for cervical @entity2 . Longer follow-up will reveal any delayed problems with artificial disc implantation, but in the short term, this technique offers an excellent outcome.

title: Cervical arthroplasty in the management of spondylotic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 is a heterogeneous disease. In advanced countries the incidence of @entity4 is rising steadily in the elderly population. One of the serious causes of @entity2 in this age group are pharmacological preparations and @entity6 radiocontrast diagnostic substances. It was revealed that also commonly used drugs may have a nephrotoxic potency in subjects with pre-existing @entity1 and/or in certain clinical risk situations. In a group of 133 acutely haermodialyzed @entity0 at the medical department we made a detailed clinical and economic analysis of treatment in a group of @entity0 haemodialyzed on account of acute drug induced @entity2 . These @entity0 accounted for 28% of all acutely haemodialyzed @entity0 and 65% of them were older than 65 years. The drugs which were involved as the cause or partial cause of @entity2 had a negative effect on intrarenal haemodynamics. They comprised in the first place inhibitors of the @entity5 and non-steroid antirheumatic drugs, frequently in combination with diuretics or an @entity6 contrast substance. A risk factor was preexisting @entity1 defined by the presence of renal perfusion depending on increased formation of @entity7 and renal vasodialatating @entity8 . Risk is ascribed also to pathological conditions associated with systemic @entity3 and a reduced effective circulating volume. Costs of treatment per @entity0 with drug induced @entity2 were calculated as 127,000 Czech crowns. The sum was calculated as the cost of the diagnosis related group.

title: [Pharmacologic insult as a cause of XXXX with a need for acute hemodialysis therapy].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are usually evoked with air conduction (AC) stimuli. Only a few reports exist about OAEs where stimuli have been delivered using bone conduction (BC) by placing a bone conductor on the forehead or the mastoid. The aims of the present study were to improve the test performance of @entity1 by using a nonlinear stimulation protocol and to find out, whether this technique can be applied in newborn hearing screening. @entity1 were measured binaurally in ten normal hearing adults and in ten @entity0 . For measurements in @entity0 , miniaturized probes without loudspeakers were constructed to allow a complete insertion of the probe in the @entity0 's ear canal. It could be shown that robust and valid @entity1 can be elicited using a nonlinear stimulation protocol. Findings in adults indicated that @entity1 can be measured with properties similar to AC-TEOAEs. However, mean BC-TEOAE levels were reduced by 0.8-3.7 dB depending on frequency. In view of test time, this is compensated by performing binaural recordings. Measurements in @entity0 indicated that the screening performance of @entity1 and AC-TEOAEs may be comparable. Further studies have to investigate, whether @entity1 are more robust than AC-TEOAEs against small conductive @entity2 .

title: Binaural measurement of bone conduction click evoked otoacoustic emissions in adults and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The anesthetized @entity1 (ANES GP) has proven to be an effective small animal model to evaluate cardiac electrophysiologic effects of drug-candidate molecules during lead optimization. While heart rate (HR) corrected QT interval (QTc) is a key variable to determine test article-dependent repolarization effects, ideal correction methods are an area of constant debate given the potential influence of anesthesia, autonomic tone, species, strain and gender on the @entity0 . The aim of this study was to characterize the ability of common correction formulas to normalize rate-dependent effects on the QT interval in the @entity4 / @entity5 ANES GP. METHODS: Atrial pacing (n=10), @entity7 or @entity6 (n=6/group) infusions were used, respectively to evaluate the effects of a wide range of @entity0 . Correction formulas (Bazett [QTcb], Fridericia [QTcf] and Van de Water [QTcVdW]) were applied and the best fit formula was determined with the aid of the @entity0 . RESULTS: From 100 to 220bpm, QTcb underestimated the change in QT interval duration ( @entity0 =0.35 to 0.67). However, QTcVdW was more appropriate in this HR range ( @entity0 =-0.07 and 0.09). At higher HRs (>220bpm), QTcb performed better ( @entity0 =-0.02 and 0.07) as compared to QTcf ( @entity0 =-0.18 to -0.1) and QTcVdW ( @entity0 =-0.2 to -0.17) (p<0.01). All the correction formulas identified @entity3 - and @entity2 -dependent repolarization delay (n=6/group) but QTcb and QTcf demonstrated reduced sensitivity as compared to fixed @entity0 (p<0.01). In contrast, QTcVdW resulted in an apparent underestimation of the QT interval duration at HR levels above the basal @entity4 / @entity5 ANES GP HRs (>220bpm) with @entity6 (n=6). DISCUSSION: The best fit correction formula in the ANES GP was highly dependent on the HR range. In the @entity4 / @entity5 model, QTcVdW performed best with HR <220bpm and QTcb performed best with HR >220bpm. The QTcVdW correction formula was thus selected in the @entity4 / @entity5 ANES GP since HRs in this model are generally within the optimal range for this correction formula.

title: QT interval correction assessment in the anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical feature of severe @entity4 after endoscopic sinus surgery and to explore the precautions. METHODS: A retrospective review study. Twenty-two cases of severe @entity4 after endoscopic sinus surgery between January 2002 and December 2012 were included. The main parameters for analyzing were history of paranasal sinuses, clinical manifestation of complications, imaging findings, site of injury, the relationship between injury site and clinical signs. RESULTS: Twenty-two cases of @entity0 with serious complications, including: @entity1 in 7 cases (32%), @entity3 in 5 cases (23%), ocular position deviation in 15 cases (68%), limitation of ocular motility in 17 cases (77%), @entity5 in 10 cases (45%). Imaging display: medial rectus involvement in 14 cases, inferior rectus involvement in 6 cases. The most common site of entry into the orbit was the medial orbital wall (14 cases, 64%), followed by the inferomedial wall (6 cases, 27%). Radiological imagings showed the medial displacement of optic nerve in 7 cases (32%) and foreign bodies in the orbit or paranasal sinuses in 8 cases (36%). Medical treatment was given in 1 cases and surgical repair in 9 cases. Removal of foreign bodies was performed in 6 cases. One @entity0 received inferior rectus and orbital wall repair, but no improvement in ocular movement. Orbital reconstruction for endophthalmos was performed in two cases. The improvement was recorded only in one case. CONCLUSIONS: The most severe complication is @entity2 and the most common complication is limitation of ocular motility and ocular position deviation. The most common site of injury was within the rectus muscle, often accompanied by the defect of inner wall. Except foreign bodies, other complications were difficult to treat with poor prognosis. Emphasis should be placed on prevention.

title: [Clinical characterization of severe XXXX after endoscopic sinus surgery].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Paediatric @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been associated with acute and long-term mathematical difficulties. Little is known about the recovery of these impairments in @entity0 with mild @entity3 (mTBI) and their underlying pathophysiology, such as @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study followed the recovery of mathematical @entity1 in @entity0 with mTBI from the sub-acute (1 month @entity2 ) to chronic stage (6-8 months @entity2 ) of recovery. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Twenty @entity0 with mTBI and 20 matched controls completed mathematics tests. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) metrics of white matter pathways corpus callosum (CC), superior and @entity5 were examined with DTI-tractography. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Mathematical difficulties and @entity1 in the CC observed shortly after the injury resolved after 6-8 months of recovery. @entity0 with mTBI continued to show working @entity4 . Longitudinal DTI data suggest continued maturation of the CC in controls, but little maturation of the damaged CC in @entity0 with mTBI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with mTBI recovered in terms of mathematical @entity1 . These @entity0 continued to show working @entity4 , which might interfere with learning at school.

title: Longitudinal changes in mathematical XXXX following paediatric mild @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of @entity2 gene 5'-regulatory region SNPs and essential @entity1 (EH) in Chinese Kazakh ethnic minority group. METHODS: The Sequenom MassArray(  ) SNP detection technology was used to detect @entity2 gene 5'-regulatory region SNPs in 150 Xinjiang Kazakh EH @entity0 and 150 controls. Biochemical analyzer was used to detect lipid and other related biochemical parameters. SHEsis and other software were used to analyze linkage disequilibrium and haplotype. RESULTS: Six loci @entity4 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 ( @entity7 ), @entity8 ( @entity9 ), @entity10 ( @entity11 ), @entity12 ( @entity13 ) and @entity14 ( @entity15 ) polymorphisms of @entity2 gene 5'-regulatory region were found in the Xinjiang Kazakh populations. While, there was no significant difference between EH group and @entity3 in genotypes and allele frequency of @entity16 , @entity8 , @entity14 , @entity6 and @entity12 (P>0.05). However; significant differences were detected of @entity10 genotypes and allele frequency in two groups (P<0.05). Analysis of the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype in Kazakh population, there is a strong linkage disequilibrium of @entity10 , @entity16 , @entity14 gene polymorphism in the EH group, and @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity6 gene polymorphism in controls. Frequency of haplotype GTCCAT, GACTGT and ATGCGT in EH group was higher (P<0.05), while frequency of ATCTGT, ATGTGT, GTCCGT, GTCTAT, GACCAT and GTCTGT in the EH group was significantly lower than the control (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 gene 5'-regulatory region of @entity10 , @entity16 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity12 and @entity14 genetic polymorphism exists in Kazakh. Among them, @entity10 locus genotype and allele frequency distribution in the two groups are significant differences. In six polymorphic loci, there is a strong linkage disequilibrium, which haplotypes GTCCAT, GACTGT, ATGCGT are risk factors of EH, and the ATCTGT, ATGTGT, GTCCGT, GTCTAT, GACCAT, GTCTGT are protective factors.

title: Relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of b2-adrenergic receptor 5'-regulatory region and essential XXXX in Chinese Kazakh ethnic minority group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity2 in proteinuric @entity4 , defined by thromboelastography (TEG), is related to the degree of @entity6 , presence of @entity5 arterial @entity3 , presence of @entity10 , or reduced antithrombin activity. DESIGN: Prospective study of client-owned @entity4 . Data collected from each @entity0 included signalment, body weight, urine protein-to- @entity7 ratio (UPC), serum albumin concentration, TEG values, noninvasive arterial blood pressure, and @entity9 activity. @entity2 was diagnosed by TEG and odds ratios for other measurements were assessed by univariate logistic regression. SETTING: Urban referral center and teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Seventy-six @entity4 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) based on UPC, diagnosed between Oct 2009 and Oct 2012. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2 was 89%. No statistically significant associations were detected between @entity2 and UPC, serum albumin, noninvasive blood pressure, or @entity9 activity (all P > 0.05). The prevalence of @entity8 was 6.6%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was prevalent in @entity4 with @entity1 but could not be predicted based upon the presence or degree of @entity6 , @entity5 arterial @entity3 , @entity10 , or low @entity9 activity. The prevalance of @entity8 was low in this population with @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the relationship between clinical variables and thromboelastographic findings in @entity4 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Acquisition of a cardiac fate by embryonic mesodermal cells is a fundamental step in heart formation. Heart development in frogs and avians requires positive signals from adjacent endoderm, including bone morphogenic proteins, and is antagonized by a second secreted signal, Wnt proteins, from neural tube. By contrast, mechanisms of mesodermal commitment to create heart muscle in mammals are largely unknown. In addition, Wnt-dependent signals can involve either a canonical @entity2 pathway or other, alternative mediators. Here, we tested the involvement of Wnts and @entity2 in @entity0 cardiac myogenesis by using a pluripotent @entity1 cell line (P19CL6) that recapitulates early steps for cardiac specification. In this system, early and late cardiac genes are up-regulated by 1% @entity3 , and spontaneous beating occurs. Notably, @entity4 and @entity5 were induced days before even the earliest cardiogenic transcription factors. @entity3 induced biochemical mediators of Wnt signaling (decreased phosphorylation and increased levels of @entity2 ), which were suppressed by Frizzled-8Fc, a soluble Wnt antagonist. @entity3 provoked T cell factor-dependent transcriptional activity; thus, induction of Wnt proteins by @entity3 was functionally coupled. Frizzled-8Fc inhibited the induction of cardiogenic transcription factors, cardiogenic growth factors, and sarcomeric myosin heavy chains. Likewise, differentiation was blocked by constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, an intracellular inhibitor of the Wntbeta-catenin pathway. Conversely, @entity6 , which inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, and @entity4 -conditioned medium up-regulated early cardiac markers and the proportion of differentiated cells. Thus, Wntbeta-catenin signaling is activated at the inception of @entity0 cardiac myogenesis and is indispensable for cardiac differentiation, at least in this pluripotent model system.

title: A Wnt- and @entity2 -dependent pathway for XXXX cardiac myogenesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 associates with poor outcome in @entity2 . Mild induced @entity5 has been proposed as treatment in @entity2 but it is not known whether this intervention worsens functional @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Interim analysis data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial; The Cooling And Surviving @entity3 (CASS) study. @entity0 suffering severe @entity2 / @entity3 are allocated to either mild induced @entity5 (cooling to 32-34  C for 24hours) or control (uncontrolled temperature). TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01455116. Thrombelastography ( @entity6 ) is performed three times during the first day after study enrollment in all @entity0 . Reaction time (R), maximum amplitude (MA) and @entity0 ' characteristics are here reported. RESULTS: One hundred @entity0 (control n=50 and intervention n=50; male n=59; median age 68years) with complete @entity6 during follow-up were included. At enrollment, 3%, 38%, and 59% had a hypocoagulable, normocoagulable, and hypercoagulable @entity6 clot strength (MA), respectively. In the @entity5 group, functional @entity4 improved during the @entity5 phase, measured by R and MA, in @entity0 with @entity1 as well as in @entity0 with hypocoagulation (correlation between   R and initial R: rho=-0.60, p<0.0001 and correlation between   MA and initial MA: rho=-0.50, p=0.0002). Similar results were not observed in the control group neither for R (rho=-0.03, p=0.8247) nor MA (rho=-0.15, p=0.3115). CONCLUSION: Mild induced @entity5 did seem to improve functional @entity4 in septic @entity0 . This improvement of functional @entity4 parameters during the @entity5 intervention persisted after rewarming. Randomized trials are warranted to determine whether the positive effect on @entity2 -related @entity4 can be transformed to improved survival.

title: Mild induced @entity5 : Effects on XXXX -related @entity4 -results from a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The ability to reduce somatic cell counts (SCC) and improve milk quality depends on the effective and consistent application of established @entity2 control practices. The US dairy industry continues to rely more on nonfamily labor to perform critical tasks to maintain milk quality. Thus, it is important to understand dairy producer attitudes and beliefs relative to management practices, as well as employee performance, to advance milk quality within the changing structure of the dairy industry. To assess the adoption rate of @entity2 control practices in United States dairy herds, as well as assess social variables, including attitudes toward employees relative to @entity2 control, a survey was sent to 1,700 dairy farms in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Florida in January and February of 2013. The survey included questions related to 7 major areas: sociodemographics and farm characteristics, milking proficiency, milking systems, @entity1 environment, infected @entity1 monitoring and treatment, farm labor, and attitudes toward @entity2 and related antimicrobial use. The overall response rate was 41% (21% in Florida, 39% in Michigan, and 45% in Pennsylvania). Herd size ranged from 9 to 5,800 @entity1 . Self-reported 3-mo geometric mean bulk @entity3 SCC (BTSCC) for all states was 194,000cells/mL. Multivariate analysis determined that proven @entity2 control practices such as the use of internal teat sealants and blanket dry @entity1 therapy, and not using water during udder preparation before milking, were associated with lower BTSCC. Additionally, farmer and manager beliefs and attitudes, including the perception of @entity2 problems and the threshold of concern if BTSCC is above 300,000cells/mL, were associated with BTSCC. Ensuring strict compliance with milking protocols, giving employees a financial or other penalty if BTSCC increased, and a perceived importance of reducing labor costs were negatively associated with BTSCC in farms with nonfamily employees. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to managing @entity2 , one that includes the @entity0 dimensions of management to maintain the practice of scientifically validated @entity2 control practices.

title: Herd management and social variables associated with bulk XXXX somatic cell count in dairy herds in the eastern United States.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a systematic literature review of late @entity1 of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after @entity2 repair (EVAR) and the results of a pooled analysis of causes, treatment, and outcomes. METHODS: Electronic information sources and bibliographic reference lists were interrogated using a combination of free text and controlled vocabulary searches; 11 articles were ultimately identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The articles reported a total of 190 @entity0 who were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Mortality within 30 days or during the admission with @entity5 was a primary endpoint; major perioperative morbidity was a secondary endpoint. A meta-analysis was performed for 30-day/in-hospital mortality using the random effects model. RESULTS: A total of 152 @entity1 occurred after 16,974 EVAR procedures reported by 8 of the case series, giving an incidence of 0.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 1.05]. The mean time to @entity1 was 37 months. Twenty-nine percent (95% CI 20 to 39) of the @entity0 had at least one previous secondary endovascular intervention following the initial EVAR, and 37% (95% CI 30 to 45) were not compliant with surveillance. @entity4 were the predominant causes of @entity1 . Open surgical treatment was undertaken in 61% (95% CI 53 to 68) of the @entity0 who underwent treatment. The pooled estimate for perioperative mortality was 32% (95% CI 24 to 41). A significantly lower mortality was found with endovascular treatment than open surgical management (p=0.027). CONCLUSION: Graft-related @entity4 appear to be the predominant causes of late @entity5 . Quality of and compliance with post-EVAR surveillance are important factors in late @entity1 ; a large proportion of late @entity1 are amenable to endovascular treatment.

title: Late Rupture of XXXX After Previous Endovascular Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Seven @entity0 (mean age 57 years) developed @entity7 following both wrapping and coating during surgery for unruptured @entity8 . Five @entity0 had no risk factors for @entity13 , and two had @entity5 or @entity1 . The @entity8 were located in the middle cerebral artery in four cases, and the internal carotid artery in three. Both 100%-cellulose @entity11 (Bemsheet) and @entity12 glue (Biobond) were used as reinforcement materials. Postoperative angiography revealed complete clipping, and no parent artery stenoses, although one @entity0 had a non-symptomatic diffuse narrowing in the entire carotid fork 7 days following surgery. Three @entity0 had progressive @entity3 4-5 weeks following surgery, and two had no symptoms. Both reinforcement materials were used as little as necessary in the last two @entity0 , but they had either transient @entity2 attacks or progressive @entity3 2 months following surgery. Arterial steno-occlusion was confirmed angiographically in all @entity0 . These @entity9 were probably induced by both direct @entity6 of the @entity12 glue and @entity4 or @entity10 formation caused by the @entity11 fibers. The observed angiographical reversibility suggests that the @entity12 glue is more likely to be the cause of the lesions than the @entity11 fibers.

title: XXXX following wrapping and coating of unruptured @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Hospital discharges and @entity1 attributed to chronic @entity5 and @entity4 have fallen in recent years while the number of those receiving invalidity benefit for these conditions has remained constant. One hundred and fifty seven such @entity0 were invited to take part in this study, in which the diagnosis, degree of @entity3 , and other factors contributing to disability were reviewed. The scope for rehabilitation was considered. One hundred subjects agreed to take part; 96 were @entity0 and 70 were over 60 years. In only 67 was the main diagnosis chronic @entity5 and @entity4 . There was a bimodal distribution of functional impairment, most being severely disabled, but in 20 the FEV1 was within the normal range. Among these @entity2 was more common and psychological factors were important. Economic factors contributed to "invalidity," especially among those with a normal FEV1. For 32 of the 57 who had declined to take part some information was available from hospital records. The findings in this group were similar. There was little scope for rehabilitation in the group as a whole as motivation was poor. Less than half had ever seen a chest physician. Specialist assessment before invalidity benefit is claimed is probably desirable.

title: "Invalidity" due to chronic XXXX and @entity4 : how real is it?

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is traditionally diagnosed using overnight polysomnography. Decision rules may provide an alternative to polysomnography. A consecutive series of @entity0 referred to a tertiary sleep center underwent prospective evaluation with the upper airway physical examination protocol, followed by determination of the respiratory disturbance index using a portable monitor. Seventy-five @entity0 were evaluated with the upper airway physical examination protocol. Historic predictors included age, snoring, witnessed @entity3 , and @entity2 . Physical examination-based predictors included body mass index, neck circumference, mandibular protrusion, thyro-rami distance, sterno-mental distance, sterno-mental displacement, thyro-mental displacement, cricomental space, pharyngeal grade, Sampsoon-Young classification, and over-bite. A decision rule was developed using three predictors: a cricomental space of 1.5 cm or less, a pharyngeal grade of more than II, and the presence of overbite. In @entity0 with all three predictors (17%), the decision rule had a positive predictive value of 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75-100%) and a negative predictive value of 49% (95% CI, 35-63%). A cricomental space of more than 1.5 cm (27% of @entity0 ) excluded @entity1 (negative predictive value of 100%, 95% CI, 75-100%). Comparable performance was obtained in a validation sample of 50 @entity0 referred for diagnostic testing. This decision rule provides a simple, reliable, and accurate method of identifying a subset @entity0 with, and perhaps more importantly, without @entity1 .

title: A decision rule for diagnostic testing in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fetal and neonatal lymphocytes are relatively resistant to activation and cytokine production when stimulated either via their T-cell antigen receptors or lectins. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for this phenomenon have not been clearly elucidated. We have hypothesized that such defects in fetal/neonatal T-cell activation may be due to lack of expression of the transcriptional regulatory elements required for T-cell activation. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to examine both fetal and term neonatal cord bloods for mRNA expression of three transcription factors implicated in T-cell activation: @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 subunit). We demonstrate that mRNAs for all three of these regulatory factors are expressed in fetal blood cells by the 27th week of gestation and in term cord bloods. Activation of term @entity0 cord blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies resulted in up-regulation of both @entity1 and @entity3 mRNAs within 15 min of stimulation. However, secretion of @entity2 by anti-CD3-stimulated cord blood mononuclear cells was still blunted compared with control cells from adults. We conclude that fetal nucleated blood cells constitutively express important genes for cytokine regulation and are able to increase intracellular accumulation of the mRNAs for these factors in response to anti-CD3 stimulation. Thus, qualitative differences in the capacity to regulate these factors could not be shown in fetal blood cells. Quantitative experiments comparing binding of these transcription factors to the @entity2 promoter are currently under investigation.

title: Constitutive expression @entity3 , @entity1 , and XXXX mRNA is in nucleated fetal blood cells and up-regulation of @entity3 and @entity1 with anti-CD3 stimulation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the association between the number of biopsy cores revealing high grade @entity2 in an era of extended biopsy protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2004 to September 2007 @entity0 referred to our clinic with a @entity4 of 4 ng/ml or greater or an abnormal digital rectal examination were scheduled for transrectal ultrasound prostatic biopsy with a 12-core template. In @entity0 with high grade @entity5 we proposed a second @entity4 evaluation and a new 12-core biopsy after 6 months independent of @entity4 . Nonparametric tests were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We evaluated 650 @entity0 . Of the 147 @entity0 (22%) with high grade @entity5 117 underwent a second biopsy 6 months later. @entity0 characteristics (age, @entity4 , free-to-total @entity4 ratio, prostate volume, @entity4 density) were similar at initial and repeat biopsy. On second biopsy 22 @entity0 (18.8%) presented with @entity2 (14 with Gleason score 6, 7 with Gleason score 7 and 1 with a Gleason score 8), 75 showed isolated high grade @entity5 (64.2%) and 20 (17%) had @entity3 . The number of cores (4 or more) involved with high grade @entity5 on the first biopsy was significantly associated with @entity2 on the second biopsy (p = 0.001). @entity4 could not be used to distinguish @entity2 from benign disease or high grade @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The number of cores with high grade @entity5 seems to be associated with the presence of @entity1 on second biopsy. A 6-month biopsy is recommended in @entity0 with high grade @entity5 when 4 or more cores with high grade @entity5 are detected in the initial biopsy sample independent of @entity4 .

title: The number of cores positive for high grade XXXX on initial biopsy is associated with @entity2 on second biopsy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity1 ) has been demonstrated to have similar vasodilator potency and fewer hemodynamic or electrocardiographic derangements compared with @entity3 in the measurement of coronary flow reserve. However, there is little data about its optimal dose and the effect on myocardial @entity2 metabolism. METHODS: Under continuous monitoring of the left anterior descending coronary flow velocity with a Doppler guide wire, we investigated the changes of hemodynamics, electrocardiogram, and myocardial @entity2 metabolism before and after the administration of 50 microg @entity1 and 10 mg @entity3 into the left coronary artery in 18 @entity0 with normal coronary arteries. To determine the optimal dose of @entity1 for the coronary flow reserve in the left coronary artery, we measured coronary flow velocity with five incremental doses of intracoronary @entity1 (0.5, 5, 15, 30, and 50 microg) and 10 mg of @entity3 in another seven @entity0 . RESULTS: In contrast to @entity3 , @entity1 did not produce any significant changes in hemodynamics or the electrocardiogram. The increase in the coronary flow velocity of the two agents was similar. Although all @entity0 showed @entity2 production after the administration of @entity3 , only three @entity0 showed @entity2 production after @entity1 (p < 0.001). The coronary flow reserve derived from > or = 215 microg of @entity1 was similar to that derived from @entity3 . There was a significant correlation between the coronary flow reserve obtained with > or = 5 microg of @entity1 and that obtained with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that maximal coronary vasodilation in the left coronary artery can be safely obtained with doses > or = 15 microg of intracoronary @entity1 in @entity0 with normal coronary arteries.

title: Safety and optimal dose of intracoronary XXXX for the measurement of coronary flow reserve.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the most frequent complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is delayed @entity1 (DGE). The study aim was to evaluate the impact of the type of gastro/duodenojejunal reconstruction (antecolic vs. retrocolic) after PD on DGE incidence. METHODS: A systematic review was made according to the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antecolic vs. retrocolic reconstruction were included irrespective of the PD techniques. A meta-analysis was then performed. RESULTS: Six RCTs were included for a total of 588 @entity0 . The overall quality was good. General risk of bias was low. DGE was not statistically significantly different between the antecolic and retrocolic group (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.31-1.16, p = 0.13). The other main surgery-related complications ( @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity4 ) were not dependent on the reconstruction route (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.41-1.70, p = 0.63). No statistically significant difference in terms of length of hospital stay was found between the 2 groups. There was also no difference of DGE incidence if only pylorus-preserving PD was considered and between the DGE grades A, B or C. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis shows that antecolic reconstruction after PD is not superior to retrocolic reconstruction in terms of DGE.

title: Effect of Antecolic versus Retrocolic Gastroenteric Reconstruction after Pancreaticoduodenectomy on Delayed XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of Six Randomized Controlled Trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate morphologic patterns of ostium secundum-type @entity1 (osASD) in the adult, analyzing their role in treatment decisions. The population was composed of 155 adults (age 43.3 +/- 18.9 years) consecutively diagnosed with osASD in our center, and confirmed by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, between January 2000 and December 2007. Of these, 83 (53.5%) underwent successful percutaneous closure. Surgical closure was used in 31 @entity0 (20.0%). The remaining 42 @entity0 (27.1%) received conservative medical treatment. The mean diameter of the defects was 15.8 +/- 8.5 mm. The prevalence of @entity3 and severe @entity2 was also assessed. Based on the criteria in the literature, we detected 14 different morphologic patterns of osASD. There was a central defect in 45/155; 40/155 had a short rim and 20/155 two short rims, 24/155 were multifenestrated and 15/155 PFO-like, and 12/155 had three or more short rims. The different morphologic patterns in each treatment arm, as well as the criteria leading to their inclusion in each, are described. While percutaneously closed defects had a simpler morphology, those that were surgically closed were normally larger and had a more complex shape (with two or more @entity4 or multifenestrated, and thus not suitable for percutaneous closure).

title: Echocardiographic assessment of secundum-type XXXX in the adult: role in treatment decisions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 (AGN) destabilizes crystal suspensions and during crystalluria probably favors crystal apposition to kidney @entity2 and preexisting stones. We analyzed inhibition of AGN and stabilization of @entity7 suspensions by urinary macromolecules ( @entity8 ), urine and solutions with urinary @entity6 concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Solutions of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were obtained by a hemofiltration procedure from urine of 6 healthy @entity0 . @entity7 suspensions were prepared in all solutions and urine by adjusting @entity1 to 1.5 mM and by an oxalate titration to 1.0 mM. Crystallization was monitored measuring @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was defined as the time without sedimentation and zeta potential (ZP) of crystals was measured. AGN was visualized by scanning electron microscopy and quantified by maximal @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity8 inhibited AGN and increased ZP and @entity3 . Most inhibitory activity of urine could be attributed to @entity8 . 3.3-fold dilution of @entity8 reduced @entity3 only by 30%. CONCLUSIONS: During crystalluria, @entity8 of healthy @entity0 are supposed to protect from stone formation by inhibiting AGN and stabilizing crystal suspensions. As a probably important aspect, this protection was found to be limited in time and may favorably be influenced by an increase of diuresis.

title: Stabilization of XXXX suspension by urinary macromolecules, probably an efficient protection from stone formation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: 1. Extracellular recording techniques were used to study nerve terminal impulses (NTIs) recorded from single polymodal nociceptors and cold-sensitive receptors in @entity1 @entity0 isolated in vitro. 2. The amplitude and time course of NTIs recorded from polymodal nociceptors was different from those of cold-sensitive receptors. 3. Bath application of @entity2 (1 microM) changed the time course of spontaneous NTIs recorded from both polymodal and cold-sensitive receptors. 4. Bath application of @entity3 ( @entity3 ; 1-5 mM) abolished all electrical activity. 5. Local application of @entity3 (2.5 and 20 mM) through the recording electrode changed the time course of the NTIs recorded from polymodal nociceptors but not that of NTIs recorded from cold-sensitive nerve endings. 6. It is concluded that action potentials propagate actively in the sensory nerve endings of polymodal nociceptors. In contrast, cold-sensitive receptor nerve endings appear to be passively invaded from a point more proximal in the axon where the action potential can fail or be initiated.

title: Differences between nerve terminal impulses of polymodal nociceptors and cold sensory receptors of the @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age is a major predictor of contrast-induced @entity3 (CI-AKI). Few studies have focused on CI-AKI in elderly @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: We compare the incidence of CI-AKI in @entity0 <75 and >= 75 years enrolled in the Protective effect of @entity7 and Antiplatelet Therapy On contrast-induced @entity3 and @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) study and explore the impact of high-dose @entity7 on CI-AKI and clinical outcomes in the 2 age-groups. Statin-naive @entity0 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity6 scheduled for early invasive strategy (total 504) were randomized to @entity7 (40 mg on admission followed by 20 mg/day) or no statin treatment. Contrast-induced @entity3 was defined as @entity4 increase >= 0.5 mg/dL or >= 25% above baseline within 72 hours after contrast administration. All @entity0 were stratified in tertiles according to baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS: Rate of CI-AKI was significantly higher in @entity0 >= 75 years (15.9% vs 8.7%, odds ratio: 2.001; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-3.53, P = .015). No significant interaction was observed between age and statin treatment (P = .17). Pretreatment with @entity7 was associated with 65% relative reduction in CI-AKI rate (22/170 [12.9%] vs 8/177 [4.5%], P = .007) in younger @entity0 and 38% (16/82 [19.5%] vs 9/75 [12%], P = .20) in the elderly individuals. The greatest protective effect of statin treatment was achieved in @entity0 with the highest hs-CRP values in both age-groups. CONCLUSION: @entity0 >= 75 years with @entity6 had a higher risk of developing CI-AKI. Early high-dose @entity7 is efficacious in reducing @entity1 in all @entity0 , especially those with the highest baseline hs-CRP values.

title: Impact of @entity7 in Contrast-Induced XXXX in the Elderly: Post Hoc Analysis of the @entity6 Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Wild @entity3 (WPV) persists in diverse locales worldwide, spreading outward from endemic areas. In response to the international threat of WPV transmission and changes in the national vaccination policy, we established an environmental surveillance system to monitor the circulation of wild and vaccine-related @entity3 in Taiwan. From July 2012 to December 2013, we collected sewage specimens every month from 10 sewage treatment plants located throughout Taiwan. The specimens were concentrated by the two-phase separation method and then inoculated into L20B, RD, and A549 cells for virus isolation. Viral isolates were identified and serotyped by immunofluorescence assay or molecular analysis. A total of 300 sewage samples were collected, and the results showed 163 samples (54.3%) were positive for virus, and 268 isolates were identified. Among these, 75 samples (25%) were positive for enterovirus (EV), but no @entity3 was found. In addition, 92 isolates were identified as enteroviruses and the most common serotypes were coxsackievirus B4, coxsackievirus B3, and coxsackievirus B2. Interestingly, 102 (34%) and 82 (27.3%) specimens were positive for @entity0 orthoreovirus (MRV) and adenovirus, respectively. This study confirmed that sewage surveillance can be a useful additional modality for monitoring the possible presence of wild-type or vaccine-derived @entity3 in wastewater, and can indicate the current types of viruses circulating in the population. Furthermore, since MRV was found in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 , the high incidence of MRV detected by environmental surveillance warrants further investigation.

title: High Incidence of XXXX Orthoreovirus Identified by Environmental Surveillance in Taiwan.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Chemotherapy is the first-choice treatment for @entity0 with advanced @entity5 (Ann Arbor stage III or IV) who qualify for therapy, but there is no consensus protocol. Adding rituximab (Mabthera, Roche) to chemotherapy moderately improves survival time. Rituximab is now authorised for long-term maintenance therapy in @entity0 with @entity5 in whom first-line chemotherapy induces a response. Clinical evaluation of rituximab in this setting is based on two unblinded randomised trials comparing rituximab maintenance therapy with watchful waiting in 1193 and 401 @entity0 . Neither trial showed that rituximab had an impact on mortality or quality of life. Rituximab prolonged progression-free survival, based on unblinded assessment of radiological, laboratory or clinical criteria. These trials suffer from biases that make it difficult to interpret the results, including the lack of blinding, premature termination and too short follow-up in the larger trial, and in the other trial, heterogeneous @entity0 recruitment and use of a different dose regimen from that recommended in the summary of product characteristics. Both trials confirmed the adverse effect profile of rituximab, which includes @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity4 . These adverse effects are severe in about 7% of @entity0 . There is also a riskof musculoskeletal and @entity2 . Questions still persist abouta possible oncogenic effect. In practice, the benefits of long-term rituximab maintenance therapy after a first line of chemotherapy remain to be demonstrated in terms of the length or quality of survival in @entity0 with @entity5 , while adverse effects are noteworthy. Pending further data, rituximab should only be used in clinical trials in this specific setting.

title: Rituximab maintenance therapy for XXXX : no better than watchful waiting.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is among the most common @entity0 worldwide. @entity1 is usually caused by deletion of one or more of the duplicated HBA genes on chromosome 16. In contrast, most @entity1 results from point mutations that decrease or eliminate expression of the @entity2 gene on chromosome 11. Deletions within the @entity2 locus result in @entity1 or hereditary persistence of fetal Hb. Although routine diagnostic testing cannot distinguish @entity1 deletions from point mutations, deletional hereditary persistence of fetal Hb is notable for having an elevated HbF level with a normal mean corpuscular volume. A small number of deletions accounts for most @entity1 ; in contrast, there are no predominant @entity2 deletions causing @entity1 . To facilitate the identification and characterization of deletions of the HBA and @entity2 globin loci, we performed array-based comparative genomic hybridization using a custom oligonucleotide microarray. We accurately mapped the breakpoints of known and previously uncharacterized @entity2 deletions defining previously uncharacterized deletion breakpoints by PCR amplification and sequencing. The array also successfully identified the common HBA deletions --(SEA) and --(FIL). In summary, comparative genomic hybridization can be used to characterize deletions of the HBA and @entity2 loci, allowing high-resolution characterization of novel deletions that are not readily detected by PCR-based methods.

title: Characterization of Deletions of the HBA and XXXX Loci by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The efficacy of surgery alone or combined with preoperative radiation was examined using isotransplants of the spontaneous @entity2 (FSaII) growing in the right leg of syngeneic C3Hf/Sed @entity1 and employing as end-points both local @entity0 control probability and normal tissue damage. Complete assays have been performed on small (4-5 mm) and large (8 mm) @entity0 . The TCD50s (the dose required to control half the @entity0 ) for radiation alone were 63.2 and 82.7 Gy for small and large @entity0 , respectively. Surgery was performed 4 days after the radiation treatment. Surgical resections were performed under an 8 X dissecting microscope. In small @entity0 , radical (enbloc resection) and conservative (local resection) surgery alone achieved 69.8% (30/43) and 21.9% (7/32) @entity0 control. The corresponding figures for large @entity0 were 25% (8/32) and 6.1% (2/33), respectively. The combination of radiation and surgery increased @entity0 control frequency up to 100% with doses lower than TCD50 for radiation alone. The TGF is expressed as therapeutic gain factor for conservative and for radical surgery for 4-5-mm and for 8-mm @entity0 from analyses of dose response curves for @entity0 control and leg shortening. In small @entity0 , the TGFs at the 80% @entity0 control (TCD80) and leg shortening of 5 mm were 1.4 and 1.8 for radical and conservative resection, respectively. The TGFs at the TCD50 level for large @entity0 were 1.4 and 1.7 in respective resections. In this particular experimental system, conservative surgery yielded higher TGFs than radical surgery for both @entity0 sizes. No effect of preoperative treatment on the frequency of distant metastasis was observed.

title: Therapeutic advantage in preoperative single-dose radiation combined with conservative and radical surgery in different-size @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of @entity3 topical solution, 10% on quality of life in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: An analysis of 1,655 @entity0 , aged 18 to 70 years, randomized to receive @entity3 topical solution, 10%, or vehicle from two identical multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 48-week studies evaluating safety and efficacy. The primary endpoint was complete cure rate (0% clinical involvement of target toenail, and both negative @entity1 examination and fungal culture); clinical improvement defined as  <= 10-percent improvement in nail involvement both at Week 52. Quality of life was assessed using a validated OnyCOE-t    questionnaire. Improvement in quality of life was compared in those @entity0 clinically and not clinically improved. RESULTS: @entity3 topical solution, 10%, was significantly more effective than vehicle irrespective of QoL domain. Greatest improvement in mean score was seen in those domains with the lowest baseline scores. All mean scores in the group considered to have clinically improved with @entity3 exceeded 80.0 at Week 52. Mean treatment satisfaction scores with @entity3 in those @entity0 who were clinically improved increased from 79.9 (Week 24) to 89.2 (Week 52), compared to a corresponding drop in those @entity0 considered not improved from 65.3 to 58.0. The correlation between change in percent affected nail and change in mean domain scores was significant with @entity3 for all domains. LIMITATIONS: A period of 52 weeks may be too brief to evaluate improvement in quality of life in @entity2 @entity0 . Some of the questions in the OnyCOE-t questionnaire may be more relevant than others to the study population and the @entity2 population as a whole. CONCLUSION: Once-daily @entity3 topical solution, 10%, provided statistically greater improvement in all aspects of quality of life compared to vehicle. Improvement was most marked in those @entity0 considered clinically improved and correlated with a change in percent affected nail.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity3 10% topical solution and quality of life.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the prevalence of work-related physical activities, @entity1 , and emotional stressors among pregnant @entity0 is limited, and the extent to which these exposures vary by maternal characteristics remains unclear. METHODS: Data on mothers of 6,817 @entity0 without major @entity2 , with estimated delivery during 1997 through 2009 who worked during pregnancy were obtained from the National @entity2 Prevention Study. Information on multiple domains of occupational exposures was gathered by linking mother's primary job to the Occupational Information Network Version 9.0. RESULTS: The most frequent estimated physical activity associated with jobs during pregnancy was standing. Of 6,337 mothers, 31.0% reported jobs associated with standing for >= 75% of their time. There was significant variability in estimated occupational exposures by maternal age, race/ethnicity, and educational level. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings augment existing literature on occupational physical activities, @entity1 , emotional stressors, and occupational health disparities during pregnancy. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:137-149, 2016.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Data linkage between the national XXXX prevention study and the occupational information network (O*NET) to assess workplace physical activity, @entity1 , and emotional stressors during pregnancy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with portal vein tumor @entity3 (PVTT) is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for @entity0 with this disease. METHODS: Eighteen @entity2 @entity0 with PVTT were treated with @entity1 via a subcutaneously implanted injection port. A course of chemotherapy consisted of daily @entity4 (10 mg for one hour) followed by @entity5 (250 mg for five hours) for five continuous days within a given week. The @entity0 were scheduled to receive four consecutive courses of @entity1 . Responders were defined in whom either a complete or partial response was achieved, while non-responders were defined based on stable or progressive disease status. The prognostic factors associated with survival after treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: Six @entity0 exhibited partial response to this form of @entity1 (response rate=33%). The 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18-month cumulative survival rates for the 18 @entity0 were 83%, 72%, 50%, 28%, and 7%, respectively. Median survival times for the six responders and 12 non-responders were 15.0 (range, 11-18) and 7.5 (range, 1-13) months, respectively. It was demonstrated by both univariate and multivariate analyses that the therapeutic response and hepatic reserve function were significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: @entity1 using low-dose @entity4 and @entity5 may be a useful alternative for the treatment of @entity0 with advanced @entity2 complicated with PVTT. There may also be survival-related benefits associated with @entity1 .

title: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for XXXX with portal vein tumor @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between @entity2 measures and @entity3 severity among White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese Americans. METHODS: The method used in this study was a community-based cross-sectional study of 2053 racially/ethnically diverse adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity4 . Anthropometry and polysomnography were used to measure @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Linear regression models were fitted to investigate associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference with @entity1 (log transformed) with adjustment for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. RESULTS: The mean @entity0 age was 68.4 (range: 54-93) years; 53.6% of @entity0 were @entity0 . The median @entity1 was 9.1 events/h. There were significant associations of BMI and waist circumference with @entity1 in the overall cohort and within each racial/ethnic group. A significant interaction was observed between race/ethnicity and BMI (Pinteraction   =   0.017). Models predicted that for each unit increase in BMI (kg/m(2)), the mean @entity1 increased by 19.7% for Chinese, 11.6% for Whites and Blacks, and 10.5% for Hispanics. Similarly, incremental changes in waist circumference were associated with larger increases in @entity1 among Chinese than among other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Associations of BMI and waist circumference with @entity1 were stronger among Chinese than among other racial/ethnic groups. These findings highlight a potential emergence of elevated @entity3 prevalence occurring in association with increasing @entity2 in Asian populations.

title: Racial/ethnic differences in the associations between @entity2 measures and severity of XXXX : the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The safety and efficacy of oral metronomic low-dose @entity6 chemotherapy in combination with the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) inhibitor @entity5 as a compound with antiangiogenic potential, a therapeutic regimen optimally targeting endothelial cells instead of @entity1 cells, were assessed in pretreated advanced @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: Endothelial cells were analyzed for proliferation, apoptosis and @entity2 in response to increasing concentrations of @entity6 , either in the absence or presence of @entity4 inhibitor, to determine whether inhibition of @entity4 enhanced the effect of @entity6 on cell function. In a clinical pilot study, 12 consecutive @entity0 with pretreated advanced @entity3 , meeting the eligibility criteria were enrolled. @entity0 received combined daily @entity6 chemotherapy (500 mg) with @entity5 (25 mg). Metastatic lesions were assessed every 12 weeks. @entity0 with responsive or stable disease were eligible for a further 12-week treatment period. Response criteria according to the WHO handbook for reporting results of @entity1 treatment were applied. Side effects were classified according to the National @entity1 Institute's Common @entity2 Criteria v2.0. RESULTS: At noncytotoxic concentrations, @entity6 inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. Simultaneous inhibition of @entity4 significantly increased the extent to which @entity6 suppressed cell proliferation, without inducing @entity2 . In the pilot study in which 12 @entity0 were treated, @entity2 was mild; only hematologic @entity2 of grade II was seen. An objective response was noted in one @entity0 , and four @entity0 showed stabilization of their disease for 24 weeks (one) and 36 weeks (three). The @entity0 who had a partial response subsequently showed stable disease for 48 weeks. The median survival time was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: As increases in response rates following polychemo- or biochemotherapy have not been shown to correlate with prolongation in overall survival, more durable control of @entity3 represents an attractive therapeutic goal. Thus, regimens scheduled to primarily target endothelial cells may potentially provide a palliative alternative that preserves quality of life in the absence of significant treatment-related @entity2 .

title: Metronomic oral low-dose @entity6 chemotherapy combined with @entity4 inhibitor in pretreated advanced XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5073 Background: For @entity1 ( @entity1 ), a longer duration of response after second-line intravenous (IV) therapy as compared to first-line (IV) @entity3 therapy occurs in only 3% of @entity0 (Markman et al., 2004). The purpose of this study was to examine the time to progression interval (TPI) in @entity0 treated with surgery and intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy for first recurrence of their disease. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records at our institution for @entity0 treated with second-line IP chemotherapy between January 2005 and April 2010. TPI was defined as the time from the end of previous therapy to the start of next therapy for both first-line and second-line @entity3 therapy. RESULTS: We identified 56 @entity0 who received second-line IP chemotherapy for their @entity1 recurrence. All @entity0 had previously undergone primary surgical cytoreduction (82.3% were considered optimally cytoreduced) followed by IV @entity3 -based chemotherapy. The mean age was 56.7 years (range 43-79). All @entity0 underwent secondary cytoreduction at the time of IP port placement for treatment of recurrent disease and 65.3% of @entity0 were considered optimally cytoreduced (< 1 cm @entity2 ) at the end of the secondary debulking surgery. In 13 @entity0 (23.2%) a longer TPI after second-line IP chemotherapy was observed compared to TPI after primary IV chemotherapy. The median first-line TPI for those 13 @entity0 was only 8 months, while median TPI after second-line IP chemotherapy was 24 months. In comparison, the 43 @entity0 with shorter TPI after IP chemotherapy had median TPI of 22.5 mos after first-line IV chemotherapy and 8 months after IP chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: A longer duration of second-line response was observed in 23.2% of @entity0 treated with IP chemotherapy after IV chemotherapy and the duration of response was clinically significant. The use of IP @entity3 treatment for recurrent @entity1 should be further studied in a prospective trial in @entity0 who do not do receive front-line IP @entity3 chemotherapy.

title: Extended duration of response with second-line intraperitoneal @entity3 -based therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and independent predictors of severe @entity4 in @entity0 resuscitated from out-of-hospital @entity8 @entity6 . DESIGN: A cohort study with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. SETTING: Emergency department of a tertiary care 2200-bed university hospital. @entity0 AND @entity0 : Consecutive adult (> 18 years) @entity0 admitted from 1 July 1991 to 31 October 1997 after witnessed @entity8 out-of-hospital @entity6 and successful resuscitation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity4 was defined as a 25% decrease of @entity5 clearance within 24 h after admission. Out of 187 eligible @entity0 (median age 57 years, 146 male), @entity4 occurred in 22 @entity0 (12%); in 4 @entity0 (18%) renal replacement therapy was performed. @entity3 (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.6-21.7; p = 0.007), history of @entity2 (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.3-14.7; p = 0.02) and total dose of @entity7 administered ( @entity9 , 95% CI 1.0-1.2; p = 0.009) were independent predictors of @entity4 . Duration of @entity6 , pre-existing @entity1 at admission were not independently associated with renal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Severe progressive @entity4 after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is rare. Pre-existing haemodynamics seem to be more important for the occurrence of @entity4 than actual hypoperfusion during resuscitation.

title: XXXX after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective 105-site study was conducted to determine the rate of @entity2 and other serious adverse experiences associated with the therapeutic use of the sustained-release formulation of @entity3 ( @entity3 SR). METHOD: 3100 @entity0 with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of @entity1 without a current or past diagnosis of an @entity4 and with no personal or family history of @entity2 disorders were treated for up to 8 weeks with @entity3 SR in an open-label study. Dosing was initiated at 50 mg b.i.d. and increased to a maximum of 150 mg b.i.d. unless not tolerated. @entity0 had the option to continue treatment with @entity3 SR (50 mg b.i.d. to 150 mg b.i.d.) in a continuation phase lasting up to 1 year. During the acute and continuation phases, @entity0 were evaluated for the occurrence of @entity2 and other serious adverse experiences. Clinical response to and tolerability of @entity3 SR were also evaluated. RESULTS: Three @entity0 each experienced a @entity2 associated with the therapeutic use of @entity3 SR during the acute and continuation phases combined. The observed @entity2 rate during the 8-week acute phase was 2 @entity2 in 3094 evaluable @entity0 , or 0.06%. The observed @entity2 rate for the acute and continuation phases combined was 3 @entity2 in 3094 @entity0 , or 0.10%. Survival analysis yielded a cumulative @entity2 rate of 0.08% for the acute phase and 0.15% for both phases combined. Two @entity0 who intentionally overdosed with @entity3 SR also experienced @entity2 ; however, these events were not included in calculations of the overall @entity2 rate. Therapeutic doses of @entity3 SR were well tolerated and clinically efficacious. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic use of @entity3 SR at total daily doses up to 300 mg/day in @entity1 @entity0 without predisposition to @entity2 is associated with a @entity2 rate that is well within the range observed with other marketed antidepressants.

title: A prospective safety surveillance study for @entity3 sustained-release in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is an important presentation in adult @entity0 attending @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The process of ruling out an @entity4 ( @entity4 ) conventionally requires a short in- @entity0 stay. This places a significant burden on healthcare systems. Recent developments have encouraged us to explore the role of an @entity1 observation ward in the management of these @entity0 . We designed and implemented two proformas ('flowformas'). The first provides integrated guidance and documentation for the management of @entity3 in the @entity1 . In @entity0 determined to be at low risk of short-term adverse outcomes the @entity4 rule-out process is now completed on the @entity1 observation ward rather than on the cardio-respiratory admission ward. The second proforma is used before discharge to determine the likelihood of underlying @entity2 ( @entity2 ), thereby allowing risk-based follow-up arrangements to be made. We collected data on all @entity0 admitted to EDU on the NSTEMI rule-out pathway over a 12-month period. Between Feb 2012 and Feb 2013, 816 @entity0 fulfilling the criteria were admitted on the pathway. 67 @entity0 (8%) required admission due to @entity4 . 15 @entity0 were admitted on two, and one on three occasions. In conclusion, it is possible to deliver @entity4 rule-out on an emergency observation ward. This reduces healthcare costs and shortens hospital stay.

title: Reducing short-stay hospital admissions by ruling out non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and estimating XXXX likelihood on an emergency department observation ward.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Spectroscopic and fluorometric methods were used to study the binding of the anticancer drug @entity1 to @entity5 ] and poly[d(G-m5C)] under a variety of solution conditions. Under high-salt conditions that favor the left-handed Z conformation, binding isotherms for the interaction of the drug with poly[d(G-C)] are sigmoidal, indicative of a cooperative binding process. Both the onset and extent of the cooperative binding are strongly dependent upon the ionic strength. The binding data may be explained by a model in which the drug preferentially binds to B-form DNA and acts as an allosteric effector on the B to Z equilibrium. At 2.4 M @entity0 , binding of as little as one drug molecule per 20 base pairs (bp) results in the conversion of @entity5 from the Z form entirely to the B form, as inferred from binding data and demonstrated directly by circular dichroism measurements. Similar results are obtained for poly[d(G-m5C)] in 50 mM @entity0 and 1.25 mM @entity3 . Under these solution conditions, it is possible to demonstrate the Z to B structural transition in poly[d(G-m5C)] as a function of bound drug by the additional methods of sedimentation velocity and susceptibility to DNase I digestion. The transmission of allosteric effects over 20 bp is well beyond the range of the drug's binding site of 3 bp. Since @entity1 preferentially binds to alternating @entity4 - @entity2 sequences, which are the only sequences capable of the B to Z transition, the allosteric effects described here may be of importance toward understanding the mechanism by which the drug inhibits DNA replicative events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-range allosteric effects on the B to Z equilibrium by XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Heparin has shown promise as a component of various biomaterial formulations, but its variable properties and inhibitory effects on some cell types have raised interest in use of @entity1 as an alternative. In this study, we characterized the interactions of vascular @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and endothelial cells (EC) with heparin and @entity1 immobilized onto chitosan-based films. Films were modified by blending chitosan with type I collagen and covalently attaching heparin or @entity1 at various levels. Cell-material interactions were evaluated by quantifying cell spreading, shape and proliferation rate. ECs proliferated well on chitosan, but the polymer was a mediocre substrate for @entity0 growth. Immobilizing heparin on chitosan further inhibited @entity0 proliferation. However, blending collagen reversed the heparin inhibition of @entity0 growth, resulting in a pro-proliferative effect of heparin immobilized on chitosan-collagen films. @entity1 surfaces supported both @entity0 and EC proliferation with or without the presence of collagen. The results indicate that inhibitory effects of heparin on @entity0 are reversed by immobilization in the presence of collagen, and that @entity1 may be superior to heparin as a biomaterial additive for promoting vascular cell growth in chitosan-based scaffolds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Morphological and Growth Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells Cultured on Immobilized Heparin and XXXX Surfaces.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Background. The challenge in managing @entity0 undergoing renal transplantation is how to achieve optimum levels of anticoagulation to avoid both clotting and @entity1 . We report a rare case of severe postoperative retroperitoneal @entity3 including psoas haematomata complicating renal transplantation. Case Report. SM, a 55-year-old female, had a past history of aortic valve replacement, cerebrovascular event, and @entity7 and was on long-term @entity5 that was switched to @entity6 60   mg daily a week prior to her living donor transplantation. Postoperatively, she was started on a heparin infusion, but this was complicated by a large retroperitoneal bleed requiring surgical evacuation on the first postoperative day. Four weeks later, she developed features compatible with @entity4 and a CT scan revealed @entity8 . Following conservative management, she made steady progress and was discharged home via a community hospital 94 days after transplantation. At her last visit 18 months after transplantation, she had returned to full fitness with excellent transplant function. Conclusion. @entity0 in @entity2 who require significant anticoagulation are at increased risk of @entity3 that may involve prolonged hospitalisation and more protracted recovery and @entity0 should be carefully counselled about this.

title: XXXX complicating renal transplantation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: RDEC-1 (serotype O15) is an attaching and effacing strain of @entity1 enteropathogenic @entity3 (REPEC) that causes @entity2 in postweanling @entity1 . It expresses AF/R1 pili that mediate Peyer's patch M-cell adherence. We investigated Peyer's patch adherence, the presence of virulence genes, ileal brush @entity4 , and pilus expression in 9 strains representing several serotypes of REPEC as well as in two commensal strains. Postweanling @entity1 were inoculated with 10(6) organisms and sacrificed at 24 h, and tissues were prepared for examination by light microscopy. Strains B10 and RDEC-1 were also studied at 12 and 72 h postinoculation. All REPEC strains were eaeA positive, expressed pili, and adhered to ileal brush borders. Both commensal strains expressed pili, and one strain adhered to brush borders. All REPEC strains demonstrated some degree of Peyer's patch lymphoid follicle adherence, ranging from diffuse coverage to small patches covering two to three dome epithelial cells. Strains C102 and C110 had genes homologous with the structural subunit gene of the AF/R1 pilus (afrA) of RDEC-1, which correlated with greater degrees of lymphoid follicle adherence and lesser degrees of ileal villus adherence. The observation that all REPEC strains adhere to Peyer's patch epithelium suggests the possibility that @entity0 strains of enteropathogenic @entity3 (EPEC) might do likewise. EPEC strains might thus serve as mucosal vaccine vectors in @entity0 . Better understanding of the molecular mechanism of REPEC adherence should provide a model for the targeting of the Peyer's patch in @entity0 .

title: Peyer's patch adherence of enteropathogenic @entity3 strains in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: During @entity6 , the inhibition of gastrointestinal (GI) motility together with mucosal barrier dysfunction will lead to increased bacterial translocation and maintenance of @entity2 . The activation of the vagal anti-inflammatory pathway remains an appealing therapeutic strategy in @entity2 . In this respect, selective @entity8 nicotinic @entity5 receptor (a7nAChR) agonists have shown anti-inflammatory properties in several animal models of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity2 was induced in OF-1 @entity0 by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). GI transit was quantified, and cytokine levels were determined in serum and colon. Colonic permeability was assessed by means of Evans blue injection. We studied the effect of @entity9 , an a7nAChR agonist, on the aforementioned parameters. Splenectomized animals as well as a7nAChR-knock-out animals ( @entity8 ) were included to study the role of splenic macrophages and the a7nAChR during polymicrobial @entity6 . RESULTS: In septic animals, @entity9 significantly @entity3 , lowered systemic and colonic levels of @entity4 , decreased colonic permeability, and decreased the number of positive cultures obtained from blood and mesenteric lymph nodes. Splenectomy prevented animals from developing @entity2 -induced @entity7 . @entity8 @entity0 displayed a more severe septic phenotype, whereas @entity9 remarkably was also beneficial in these animals. CONCLUSION: Our results show that peripheral targeting of the vagal anti-inflammatory pathway proves beneficial in an animal model of polymicrobial @entity6 . A major role is allocated to splenic immune cells in the development of @entity2 , as preventive splenectomy was protective for the development of @entity2 . Data on the @entity8 @entity0 suggest that the beneficial effects mediated by @entity9 on @entity1 and motility might be related to activation of other receptors besides the a7nAChR.

title: EFFECT OF @entity9 , AN XXXX NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR AGONIST, ON CLP-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY, GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY, AND COLONIC PERMEABILITY CHANGES IN @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sequential treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) that includes @entity1 factor-a antagonists (anti- @entity4 agents) has been applied in most of the Western countries. Existing cost-effectiveness (CE) models almost exclusively presented the incremental CE of anti- @entity4 agents using a closed cohort while budget impact studies are mainly lacking. Notwithstanding, information on impact on total population health and societal budget as well as on actual incremental CE for a given decision time span are important for decision makers. This study aimed at quantifying, for different decision time spans starting from January 1, 2014 in the Dutch society, (1) impact of sequential drug treatment strategies without and with inclusion of anti- @entity4 agents (Strategies 1 and 2, respectively) on total population health and societal cost, and (2) the actual incremental CE of Strategy 2 compared to Strategy 1. METHODS: Dynamic population modelling was used to capture total population health and cost, and the actual incremental CE. Distinguishing the prevalent @entity3 population on January 1, 2014 and the incident @entity3 cohorts in the subsequent 20  years, the model tracked individually an actual number of @entity3 @entity0 until @entity2 or end of the simulation time. During the simulation, data on @entity0 characteristics, history of drug use, costs and health at discrete time points were generated. In Strategy 1, five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were available but anti- @entity4 agents withdrawn. In Strategy 2, five NSAIDs and two anti- @entity4 agents continued to be available. RESULTS: The predicted size of the prevalent @entity3 population in the Dutch society varied within the range of 67,145-69,957 with 44-46  % of the patients receiving anti- @entity4 agents over the period 2014-2034. The use of anti- @entity4 agents resulted in an increase in the annual drug costs (168.54-205.28  million @entity5 ), but at the same time caused a decrease in the annual productivity costs (12.58-31.21  million @entity5 ) and in annual costs of healthcare categories other than drugs (7.23-11.90  million @entity5 ). Incremental cost ( @entity5 ) per QALY gained in Strategy 2 compared to Strategy 1 corresponding to decision time spans of 5, 10, 15 and 20  years improved slightly from 75,379 to 67,268, 63,938 and 61,129, respectively. At willingness-to-pay thresholds of 118,656, 112,067, 110,188 and 110,512 @entity5 , it was 99  % certain that Strategy 2 was cost-effective for decision time spans of 5, 10, 15 and 20, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using the dynamic population approach, the present model can project real-time data to inform a healthcare system decision that affects all actual number of @entity3 @entity0 eligible for anti- @entity4 agents within different decision time spans. The predicted total population costs of different categories in the present study can help plan the organization of the healthcare resources based on the national budget for the disease.

title: Impact on total population health and societal cost, and the implication on the actual cost-effectiveness of including @entity1 factor-a antagonists in management of XXXX : a dynamic population modelling study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Object of this work is to evaluate activity and tolerance of @entity6 in out- @entity0 's department practice. @entity0 AND METHODS: In this study we enlisted 46 @entity0 , affected by @entity1 of inflammatory or degenerative origin; any of them ever did continued therapy with NSAIDs before. We administered 200 mg daily dose of @entity6 for at least three months. Each @entity0 has been evaluated by the Visual Analogic Score (VAS) Scale before and after the therapy. RESULTS: The data We obtained agree with those of multicenter studies like CLASS. @entity6 had similar efficacy respect with traditional NSAIDs, with good control of @entity1 in both @entity4 and @entity1 (p < 0.000). Not good results were obtained for control of acute-onset @entity1 . In our population We didn't find side-effects different from those included in the technical-form of the drug. The only @entity0 who complained of @entity1 did not stop the treatment, because the symptom resolved with assumption of the drug during meals. CONCLUSIONS: By the analysis of the results We consider @entity6 useful for the control of @entity1 in the treatment of @entity4 and @entity5 like @entity2 . Anyway, treatment with @entity6 (as with all Coxib-family drugs) should be reserved for long-lasting treatments in @entity0 at risk for @entity3 .

title: [Effectiveness and tolerability of XXXX in outpatient department practice].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether racial differences exist in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 ( @entity3 ), and @entity1 concentrations of black and white postmenopausal @entity0 at rest and in response to submaximal exercise. Twenty-three postmenopausal @entity0 (13 white and 10 black) were studied on 2 occasions. On one occasion subjects rested quietly for 4 hours (control day), whereas on the other occasion after 50 minutes of rest, subjects exercised at 70% of Vo(2) peak for 30 minutes on a cycle ergometer (exercise day). Blood was sampled at rest, during exercise, and during recovery and assayed for @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity1 concentrations. Resting @entity2 and @entity1 concentrations and integrated area under the curve (AUC) were similar between the black and white @entity0 ; however, the black @entity0 had lower resting @entity3 concentrations compared with the white @entity0 ( @entity3 , black: 1.32 +/- 0.29 v white: 2.18 +/- 0.25 micromol. L(-1), P <.05). Regardless of race, @entity2 and @entity1 AUC increased significantly above resting values (P <.01), but the exercise AUC for @entity2 and @entity1 were not different between the black and white @entity0 ( @entity2 : 607 +/- 133 and 824 +/- 108 min x nmol. L(-1); @entity1 : 9,604 +/- 1,247 and 8,076 +/- 1,093 min x nmol. L(-1), respectively). No exercise-induced change in integrated @entity3 AUC was found in either group. In conclusion, racial differences exist in the resting @entity3 levels of postmenopausal @entity0 , but with no racial differences in resting @entity2 and @entity1 concentrations. Race had no impact on these adrenal hormone responses to submaximal exercise.

title: Adrenocortical responses to submaximal exercise in postmenopausal black and white XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Does newborn screening for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and survival? OBJECTIVES: To examine whether newborn screening for @entity3 prevents or reduces irreversible organ damage and improves clinical outcomes, quality of life and survival in @entity0 with @entity3 without unacceptable adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity3 and @entity1 Group Trials Register comprising references identified from electronic database searches, handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings.The Group's Trials Register last searched: June 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials, published and unpublished, comparing screening to clinical diagnosis in @entity0 with @entity3 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility and quality and independently extracted data. Allocation concealment was unclear in both studies and sequence generation adequate in one. MAIN RESULTS: Searches identified six trials. Two trials involving 1,124,483 neonates (210 with @entity3 ) with a maximum follow up of 17 years were eligible for inclusion. Varying study designs, outcomes reported and summary measures precluded calculation of pooled estimates and only data from one study were analysed. Severe @entity4 was less common among screened @entity0 . Compared with screened @entity0 , the odds ratio of weight below the tenth percentile was 4.12 (95% CI 1.64 to 10.38) and for height was 4.62 (95% CI 1.69 to 12.61) in the control group.At age seven, 88% of screened @entity0 and 75% of controls had lung function parameters within normal limits of at least 89% predicted. At diagnosis chest radiograph scores were significantly better among screened @entity0 ; 33% of screened versus 50% of control @entity0 had Wisconsin chest X-ray (WCXR) scores over five (P = 0.097) and 24% of screened versus 45% of control @entity0 had Brasfield chest X-ray (BCXR) scores under 21 (P = 0.042)). Over time, chest radiograph scores were worse in the screened group (WCXR P = 0.017 and BCXR P = 0.041). Results were no longer significant after adjustment for genotype, pancreatic status, and @entity2 -culture results. In screened @entity0 colonisation with @entity2 occurred earlier. Estimates suggest diagnosis through screening is less expensive. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Two randomised controlled trials assessing neonatal screening in @entity3 were identified; data from one study were included. Nutritional benefits are apparent. Screening provides potential for better pulmonary outcomes, but confounding factors influenced long-term pulmonary prognosis of @entity0 with @entity3 . Screening seems less expensive than traditional diagnosis.

title: Newborn screening for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: There have been several studies of the impact of @entity3 on the quality of life and functionality of individual subjects. To date, however, no direct comparisons with age-matched normal subjects without @entity1 have been made. The radiographs of 145 female clinic @entity0 with @entity1 were reviewed by the study physicians. The controls were recruited from the electoral role and by media appeal. One hundred and sixty-seven @entity0 had radiographs taken to determine those without @entity1 . @entity1 subjects and controls had to be ambulant and were excluded if they had significant radiologic evidence of @entity2 of the spine. One hundred cases and one hundred controls were matched by 5-year age groups. The number, position and severity of the @entity1 on the lateral radiographs of the cases was recorded. Quality of life was measured using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) (maximum score 100) and a utility score calculated from these results (maximum score 1). Two measurements of functionality were employed: the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to assess the activities of daily living (maximum score 100) and the Timed 'Up _ Go' (TUG) that measured the time taken for the subject to rise from sitting in a chair, walk 3 m along a line, return to the chair and sit down. The @entity1 subjects had 2.9 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SD) @entity1 and the time since last @entity1 was 5.1 +/- 4.8 years. The SF-36 physical function component summary index results were: @entity1 subjects 36 +/- 11, controls 48 +/- 9 (p < 0.001). The SF-36 mental health component summary index results were: @entity1 subjects 50 +/- 11, controls 54 +/- 8 (p < 0.05). The utility scores were: @entity1 subjects 0.64 +/- 0.08, controls 0.72 +/- 0.07 (p < 0.001). The MBI results were: @entity1 subjects 97 +/- 5, controls 99 +/- 1 (p < 0.01). The TUG results were: @entity1 subjects 13.8 +/- 7.3 s, controls 10.1 +/- 4.1 s (p < 0.01). TUG and MBI scores correlated well with SF-36 scores; however, no domain of the SF-36 or functional measure correlated with either the number of @entity1 or the time since last @entity1 . Thus, clinically reported @entity1 impair both the quality of life and functionality of these subjects. The adverse impact of @entity1 on quality of life and functionality needs to be recognized by medical practitioners, subjects and the community, so that adequate health resources can be devoted to the prevention and treatment of this debilitating condition condition.

title: A case-control study of quality of life and functional impairment in @entity0 with long-standing XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background.    Efficacy endpoints in @entity1 clinical trials may include clinical symptoms and virological measurements, although virology cannot serve as the primary endpoint. We investigated the relationship between @entity1 A RNA copy number and quantity of infectious viruses in hospitalized @entity1 @entity0 . Methods.    One hundred fifty @entity1 -infected, hospitalized @entity0 were included in this prospective cohort study spanning the 2012-2013 @entity1 season. Daily nasopharyngeal samples were collected during hospitalization, and @entity1 A RNA copy number and infectious viral titer were monitored. Results.    The decay rate for 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) was 0.51    0.14 log10 TCID50/mL per day, whereas the RNA copy number decreased at a rate of 0.41    0.04 log10 copies/mL per day (n = 433). The log ratio of the RNA copy number to the infectious viral titer within @entity0 changes significantly with -0.25    0.09 units per day (P = .0069). For a 12-day observation period, the decay corresponds to a decline of this ratio of 3 log @entity1 RNA copies. Conclusions.    Influenza RNA copy number in nasal swabs is co-linear with culture, although the rate of decay of cell culture-based viral titers was faster than that observed with molecular methods. The study documented a clear decreasing log ratio of the RNA copy number to the infectious viral titer of the @entity0 over time.

title: A Downward Trend of the Ratio of Influenza RNA Copy Number to Infectious Viral Titer in Hospitalized Influenza A-Infected XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether three-dimensional (3D) printed models can be used to improve interventional simulation and planning in @entity0 with @entity3 . Background: Stenting of a hypoplastic transverse arch is technically challenging, and complications such as stent migration and partial obstruction of the origin of the head and neck vessels are highly dependent on operator skills and expertise. Methods: Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, a 3D model of a repaired @entity2 of a 15-year-old @entity0 with @entity3 was printed. Simulation of the endovascular stenting of the hypoplastic arch was carried out under fluoroscopic guidance in the 3D printed model, and subsequently in the @entity0 . A Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate the agreement between measurements of aortic diameter in the 3D printed model and the @entity0 's MRI and X-ray angiography. Results: The 3D printed model proved to be radio-opaque and allowed simulation of the stenting intervention. The assessment of optimal stent position, size, and length was found to be useful for the actual intervention in the @entity0 . There was excellent agreement between the 3D printed model and both MRI and X-ray angiographic images (mean bias and standard deviation of 0.36        0.45 mm). Conclusions: 3D printed models accurately replicate @entity0 ' anatomy and are helpful in planning endovascular stenting in transverse arch @entity1 . This opens a door for potential simulation applications of 3D models in the field of catheterization and cardiovascular interventions.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: 3D printed models for planning endovascular stenting in transverse XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 nanoparticles are promising candidates for theranostics in @entity0 , that aims to achieve in one-step precise @entity0 imaging by magnetic resonance, and targeted therapy through surface attached anti- @entity0 drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate in preclinical setting the biocompatibility of new @entity3 -based nanoparticles that were coated with @entity4 for improved dispersion in biological media. These nanostructures (NPs) were designed for biomedical applications as contrast agents and  or drug carriers. We investigated the effect exerted in vitro by NPs and @entity4 on the viability and proliferation of normal @entity1 L929 fibroblasts. NPs exhibited good biocompatibility against these cells. Moreover, @entity4 contained in NPs sustained fibroblasts proliferation and  or limited anti-proliferative effects of naked nanoparticles. In the animal study, C57BL  6 @entity1 were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of NPs (approximately 125 mg  kg body weight). We followed up hematological and histological parameters for one, three and seven days after NPs administration. Results indicated that NPs possibly induced local @entity2 and consequent recruitment of peripheral lymphocytes, whilst the decrease of platelet counts may reflect tissue lesions caused by NPs. The histopathological study showed mild to moderate alterations in the hepatocytes, splenic and renal cells, while the brain parenchyma only presented nonspecific congestive changes. Taken altogether, the preclinical study indicated that the new @entity3 nanoparticles coated with @entity4 were biocompatible against fibroblasts and had a convenient toxicological profile when administered intraperitoneally in a single dose to C57BL  6 @entity1 . Accordingly, the proposed nanostructure is a promising candidate for imaging and treating dispersed peritoneal @entity0 .

title: Toxicity of XXXX coated @entity3 nanoparticles in intraperitoneal delivery setting - preliminary preclinical study.

answer: @entity4