abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that specific @entity4 may be explained by patterns of biological abnormalities. The presence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been associated with @entity1 , e.g., deficits in self-monitoring or in the experience of agency, suggesting that a specific network of @entity6 might underlie @entity5 . Here, we investigate differences in cortical and subcortical brain volume between @entity0 with and without @entity5 . METHODS: Three independent @entity0 samples (referred to as A, B, and C) with different mean ages and in different illness stages were included, leading to a total of 348 @entity0 within the @entity3 -spectrum. All underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. In addition, the presence of @entity5 was established using a diagnostic interview. @entity0 with ( @entity5 +, A: n   =   63, B: n   =   129, and C: n   =   96) and without @entity5 ( @entity5 -, A: n   =   35, B: n   =   17, and C: n   =   8) were compared on global and local cortical volumes as well as subcortical volumes, using a whole brain (cerebrum) approach. RESULTS: Nucleus accumbens volume was significantly smaller in @entity5 + as compared with @entity5 - in sample A (p   <   0.005). Furthermore, @entity5 + showed a smaller volume of the pars-opercularis relative to @entity5 - in sample B (p   <   0.001). No further significant differences were found in cortical and subcortical volumes between @entity5 + and @entity5 - in either one of the three samples after correction for multiple comparison. CONCLUSION: Brain volume differences between @entity0 with and without @entity5 are, when present, subtle, and not consistent between three independent samples. @entity2 related to @entity5 may be too subtle to become visible through structural brain imaging.

title: Structural MRI Differences between XXXX with and without First Rank Symptoms: A Delusion?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been shown that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) of @entity1 contains nitrergic neurons, which are activated during animal exposure to aversive stimuli. The BNST is also populated by glutamatergic and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRFergic) neurons, which in turn are activated under stressful situations. Here we investigated the anxiogenic-like effects of intra-BNST injections of a @entity3 (NO) donor, @entity5 in @entity0 . The role of CRFergic and glutamatergic systems on defensive behavior induced by @entity5 was investigated with previous intra-BNST infusion of different doses of @entity6 , a CRF type 1 receptor antagonist (CRF1), or AP-7, an @entity4 ( @entity4 ) receptor antagonist. @entity2 -like behavior was assessed immediately and 5min after intra-BNST drug injection, exposing @entity0 to a novel arena and to the elevated plus-maze (EPM; an anxiogenic situation). Results showed that @entity5 provoked a short period (   150s) of freezing behavior in the novel arena and increased @entity2 in the EPM. Both CP and AP-7 attenuated the anxiogenic-like effects of @entity5 in the EPM without changing freezing behavior in the novel arena. When given alone (i.e. without prior intra-BNST injection of @entity5 ), AP-7 (0.20nmol), but not CP (0.75, 1.50, or 3.00nmol), attenuated @entity2 in @entity0 exposed to the EPM. These results suggest that CRF1 and @entity4 receptors located within the BNST differentially modulate aversive effects induced by NO production in this limbic forebrain structure.

title: @entity2 -like responses induced by @entity3 within the BNST in XXXX : Role of CRF1 and @entity4 receptors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity2 0.7mg intravitreal implant in @entity0 with @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen @entity0 ' charts with @entity4 were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and mean @entity3 ( @entity3 ). RESULTS: @entity0 ' mean age was 72.1  years old. Five @entity0 were @entity1 . All @entity0 had previously been treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drops. Four @entity0 had received a previous treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab. The mean follow-up period was 8.7  months. Mean BCVA before intravitreal @entity2 was 0.72  logMAR. After injection, it improved to 0.50  at month 1, was 0.47  at month 3, and 0.60  logMAR at month 12. The pre-injection mean @entity3 was 598 m. It improved to 286 m at month 1, 338 m at month 3, and was 441 m at month 12. Eight @entity0 received 2  intravitreal injections of @entity2 . Five @entity0 presented with elevated intraocular pressure during follow-up, which was treated with drops. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal @entity2 injection improved visual acuity and macular thickness at month 1  and month 3  in @entity0 with @entity4 . A second injection was necessary after a mean period of 5  months.

title: [Treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with XXXX 0.7mg intravitreal implant].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Autophagy has dual functions in cell survival and death. However, the effects of autophagy on @entity0 cell survival or death remain controversial. In this study, we show that Autophagy can mediate @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of @entity0 cells in responding to @entity4 ( @entity4 )-induced @entity2 in a @entity5 -independent but @entity6 ( @entity6 )-dependent manner. Although @entity6 is not directly induced by @entity4 , its constitutive expression is essential for @entity4 -induced @entity1 . The @entity6 -mediated autophagic @entity1 requires interplays with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or mitochondria. In this process, @entity6 plays a central role in regulating ER stress protein CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein ( @entity3 ) and mitochondrial protein second mitochondria derived activator of caspases ( @entity7 ). Two pathways for autophagic @entity1 in @entity0 cells responding to @entity2 have been identified: @entity6 / @entity3 / @entity7 pathway and @entity6 / @entity7 pathway, which are probably dependent on the context of cell lines. The former is more potent than the latter for the induction of @entity1 at the early stage of @entity2 , although the ultimate efficiency of both pathways is comparable. In addition, both pathways may require @entity6 -mediated conversion of LC3-I into LC3-II. Therefore, we have defined two autophagy-mediated pathways for the @entity1 of @entity0 cells in @entity2 , which are dependent on @entity6 , interplayed with ER and mitochondria and tightly regulated by @entity2 status. The findings provide a new evidence that autophagy may inhibit @entity0 cell proliferation through trigger of @entity1 , facilitating the development of novel anti- @entity0 drugs.

title: @entity5 -independent autophagy mediates programmed @entity0 cell death through interplays with endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria in colbat chloride-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Corneas are usually stored for a maximum of approximately 30 days in European @entity3 banks. Although attempts are being made to prolong culture periods, data on their success are extremely limited to date. The following study was carried out to describe the capacities and limits of the established system. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity0 corneas were stored for < or = 12 weeks under standard eye bank conditions [modified minimal essential medium (MEM), 31 degrees C, closed system]. Twenty-one fresh @entity0 corneas served as control. Both the adenylate @entity6 and the @entity4 and @entity5 concentrations were measured in the tissue (all cellular layers) by using the bioluminescence technique. The endothelial-cell densities also were determined. RESULTS: Endothelial-cell densities decreased from 2,963.4 +/- 58.7 cells/ @entity2 (fresh) to 2,649 cell/ @entity2 after 4 weeks and to 2,087 cells/ @entity2 after 6 weeks. Storage for periods >6 weeks led to @entity1 . Biochemical studies showed improving values during the first 4 weeks and acceptable conditions for < or = 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: From these data, we conclude that long-term organ culture in a closed system is limited to approximately 6 weeks and thereby confirm the clinical results of Fr  h and B  hnke.

title: Changes in XXXX donor corneas preserved for longer than 4 weeks.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high rate of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a significant barrier to improved life expectancy. Unique in this population is the marked development and @entity6 worsening of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). @entity14 ( @entity13 ), an endogenous molecule, appears to naturally inhibit soft tissue @entity10 , but may be @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and @entity8 . Although once thought to be a promising therapeutic, @entity13 's very short half-life in circulation curtailed earlier studies. We tested the possibility that a slow, continuous entry of @entity13 into the circulation and prevention of @entity9 might be achieved by daily @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: Pharmacokinetic studies were first carried out in @entity4 with @entity1 resulting from a 5/6 nephrectomy. Efficacy studies were then performed in the @entity12 gene knockout @entity2 model overlaid with @entity11 . @entity13 was delivered by means of a permanent peritoneal catheter in a solution simulating @entity7 , but without the timed removal of spent dialysate. von Kossa's staining followed by semiquantitative morphological image processing, with separation of inside (intimal) and outside (presumed medial) lesions, was used to determine aortic root @entity10 . RESULTS: In comparison to an intravenous bolus, delivery of @entity13 in a @entity7 solution resulted in a slower, extended delivery over >4 h. Next, the efficacy studies showed that a 6-day/week @entity7 -simulated administration of @entity13 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of @entity10 in both intimal and medial lesions. A dose-response effect on total @entity10 was also documented, with a full inhibition seen at the highest dose. A limited peritoneal catheter-related @entity3 was observed, as expected, and included the placebo-treated control groups. This inflammatory response could have masked a lower level @entity13 -specific adverse effect, but none was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest potential for @entity13 , administered during @entity7 , to prevent the development of @entity9 and to potentially extend the life of @entity8 @entity0 .

title: Daily peritoneal administration of sodium pyrophosphate in a dialysis solution prevents the development of @entity9 in a XXXX model of uraemia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 is rare @entity2 arising from chromaffine cells. We report a 39-year-old @entity0 who was diagnosed with anterior mediastinal @entity4 . Computed tomography (CT) revealed a solid mass in the anterior mediastinum. Surgical biopsies obtained by sternotomy confirmed histologic and immunohistochemical features of @entity4 . Surgical removal of this vascularized and invasive @entity2 was not possible to. External radiotherapy was performed. Three years later, the @entity0 developed @entity3 . CT findings showed right nodular pleural masses. Transparietal biopsy confirmed the same pathological aspect of @entity4 . Chemotherapy was proposed without significant response. This observation confirmed the rare course of @entity4 to @entity1 . Treatment of @entity4 is mainly surgery if the mass is resectable.

title: [Mediastinal paraganglioma with XXXX . A case report].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One of the reasons proposed for the paucity of drug discovery for @entity2 is the lack of relevant animal models of the condition. @entity2 has been modelled extensively using the selective neurotoxin, @entity5 ( @entity5 ). However, as this model bears little etiological resemblance to the @entity0 condition, there has been a drive to develop models with improved etiological validity. Two such models are those induced by the pesticide, @entity6 , and the inflammagen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, to date, these models have been poorly characterised in terms of their motor profiles and have never been directly compared to the more established models. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterise the behavioural profile of the @entity6 and LPS models, and to compare them with the @entity5 model. Animals underwent baseline testing on the Stepping, Whisker, Corridor and Cylinder Tests of motor function. They were then grouped for unilateral intra-striatal infusion of @entity5 , @entity6 or LPS. Motor testing continued for ten weeks after which the @entity1 were processed for immunohistochemical analysis of nigrostriatal integrity. We found that, although all @entity4 induced a similar level of nigrostriatal neurodegeneration, neither the @entity6 nor LPS models were associated with @entity7 -induced @entity3 , and they were associated with significantly less pronounced and stable impairments in the spontaneous tasks than the @entity5 model. In conclusion, this study demonstrates key differences in the pattern of motor dysfunction induced by @entity2 which should be taken into consideration when selecting the most appropriate model for @entity2 preclinical studies.

title: Differential pattern of motor impairments in @entity4 , environmental and inflammation-driven XXXX models of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between coping styles and @entity1 has received considerable attention and instruments have been developed to assess coping strategies. The measurement by means of category systems has been criticized and a functional hierarchy of action types linked to the adaptive processes is preferred. We aimed to determine which factors may exist within the Brief- @entity4 (Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced - @entity4 - Inventory) in an Italian sample of @entity0 with @entity2 ; and if these factors correlate with the severity of psychopathology or with other characteristics. METHODS: A total sample of 148 @entity0 was recruited. The Brief- @entity4 inventory, the Symptom Check List 90-Revised, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, the Zung @entity2 Status Inventory and the Zung Self-Rating @entity2 Scale were administered. RESULTS: Factor analysis of the Brief- @entity4 yielded nine factors accounting for 65.48% of the variance. @entity0 scored higher on Searching Support, followed by Acceptance, Changing Perspective, and Problem Solving. Associations between measures of psychopathology and factors of coping strategies, mostly Searching support and Avoidance, were found. CONCLUSIONS: Data of the present study support a nine-factor structure of the Brief- @entity4 that includes five broad dimensions of coping. Psychopathology was mostly related to Searching support and Avoidance factors, showing that these strategies may reflect ineffective ways of coping; Problem solving and Changing perspective could be a valid approach to moderate @entity2 / @entity3 symptoms and psychopathology in general.

title: Coping strategies in a sample of XXXX @entity0 : factorial analysis and associations with psychopathology.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Aim was to examine the relationship between individually perceived changes in psychosocial stressors associated with German reunification and cardiovascular effects. We hypothesised that higher levels of psychosocial stress related to German reunification were associated with an increase in @entity2 factors and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from 2 cohort studies in East Germany were used: @entity2 , Living and Ageing in Halle Study (CARLA), and Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). SETTING: 2 populations in East Germany. @entity0 : CARLA study: 1779 @entity0 , aged 45-83 years at baseline (812 @entity0 ), SHIP study: 4308 @entity0 , aged 20-79 years at baseline (2193 @entity0 ). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychosocial stressors related to reunification were operationalised by the @entity4 ( @entity4 ; scale from 0 to 10). This index was composed of questions that were related to individually perceived changes in psychosocial stressors (occupational, financial and personal) after reunification. To examine the associations between the @entity4 and each stressor separately with @entity2 factors and CVD, regression models were used. RESULTS: @entity4 was associated with CVD in @entity0 (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33). @entity2 factors were associated with @entity4 for both @entity0 and @entity0 , with strongest associations between @entity4 and @entity1 in @entity0 (RR=1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20) and @entity3 in @entity0 (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.77). The change in occupational situation related to reunification was the major contributing psychosocial stressor. We observed a strong association with CVD in @entity0 who experienced occupational deterioration after reunification (RR=4.04, 95% CI 1.21 to 13.43). CONCLUSIONS: Individually perceived deterioration of psychosocial stressors (occupational, financial and personal) related to German reunification was associated with @entity2 factors and CVD. The associations were stronger for @entity0 than for @entity0 . An explanation for these findings could be that @entity0 were more often affected by unemployment after reunification. Morbidity and mortality follow-up of both cohorts could enhance the results.

title: Changes of individual perception in psychosocial stressors related to German reunification in 1989/1990 and @entity2 factors and XXXX in a population-based study in East Germany.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We report the anesthetic management for a scheduled Cesarean section of a 29-yr-old female who previously had a repair of her dissecting @entity6 during the 14th week of her pregnancy. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 29-yr-old female with a history of @entity1 and previously diagnosed aortic dissection secondary to suspected @entity5 , presented to our institution for the first time after she became pregnant. A transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a dissecting aortic @entity3 greater than 8 cm in diameter beginning distal to the left subclavian artery and extending into the descending thoracic aorta. The @entity0 was counseled in great detail about the risk of @entity2 with continuing pregnancy. She refused termination and chose elective repair of the @entity3 , with continuation of the pregnancy. Partial repair of the thoracic @entity3 was undertaken when the pregnancy was 13(5/7) weeks by ultrasound dates. She was subsequently maintained on @entity8 and @entity7 for blood pressure control. A decision was made to proceed with a Cesarean section at 32 weeks. After placement of a radial artery catheter and two large peripheral iv catheters, she received a of 7 and 7 at one and five minutes was delivered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 in pregnancy may have catastrophic results. Undoubtedly, it presents unique challenges for anesthetic and obstetrical management. With appropriate care and surgical correction of the dissecting @entity3 early in pregnancy, a successful outcome for the pregnancy was possible.

title: Successful near-term pregnancy outcome after repair of a dissecting XXXX at 14 weeks gestation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine alterations in bulbar conjunctival microvascular haemodynamics in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) subjects with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Conjunctival microcirculation imaging and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed in 22 subjects (eyes) diagnosed with @entity2 . Based on evaluation of SD-OCT retinal thickness maps, eyes were assigned to one of the two groups: with or without @entity1 . Conjunctival venular diameter and axial blood velocity were measured in multiple venules in each eye by customized image analysis algorithms. Measurements were then categorized into two vessel size groups (vessel size 1 and 2) and compared between @entity1 groups. A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the relationship between retinal thickness and axial blood velocity. RESULTS: Mean age, haematocrit, sickle cell haemoglobin type and median @entity0 score were not significantly different between the two groups (p >=  0.1). Retinal thickness in parafoveal and perifoveal temporal subfields was significantly lower in eyes with @entity1 as compared to eyes without @entity1 (p  <= 0.04). There was a significant effect of @entity1 on axial blood velocity (p = 0.04), while the effect of vessel size was not significant (p = 0.4). In vessel size 1, axial blood velocity was lower in eyes with @entity1 than in eyes without @entity1 (p = 0.03), while in vessel size 2, there was no statistically significant difference between @entity1 groups (p = 0.1). In vessel size 1, there was a significant positive correlation between axial blood velocity and retinal thickness in the perifoveal (r = 0.48, p = 0.02) and parafoveal (r = 0.43, p = 0.04) temporal subfields. CONCLUSION: Conjunctival axial blood velocity in small venules is reduced in @entity2 subjects with @entity1 .

title: Conjunctival microvascular haemodynamics in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To examine the familial correlations, heritability (h(2)) and common environmental components (c(2)) of @entity1 and ocular biometric traits (all treated as continuous outcomes) in families collected through the Genes in @entity1 (GEM) family study in Australia. A total of 132 pedigrees (723 @entity0 ) were recruited for this study. All individuals completed a risk factor questionnaire and underwent a detailed eye examination including spherical equivalent (SphE) and ocular biometric measurements of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Familial correlations were calculated and h(2) and c(2) were estimated using a variance component model that assumes a multivariate t distribution within each pedigree. Two definitions of common environments (c(2)) were considered: nuclear family (current) shared environment (Model 1) and sib-ship (childhood) shared environment (Model 2). Population ascertainment adjustment was performed using the Blue Mountains eye study dataset. The trends observed for familial correlations suggested that SphE is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors whereas @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 are predominantly genetically determined. This was largely confirmed by variance components modelling. Heritability estimates (adjusted for age, sex and years of education) from the best fitting ACE model (Model 2, childhood shared environment) were 0.50 +/- 0.05 for SphE, 0.73 +/- 0.04 for @entity3 , 0.78 +/- 0.04 for @entity4 and 0.16 +/- 0.06 for @entity2 . Childhood environmental effects were significant with c(2) estimated to be 0.33 +/- 0.04 for SphE, 0.06 +/- 0.03 for @entity3 , 0.22 +/- 0.04 for @entity4 and 0.10 +/- 0.05 for @entity2 . Age was associated with SphE, total years of education was associated with @entity3 and sex was associated with all traits studied. We used a novel and conservative approach to account for and estimate common environmental effects by specifying either nuclear family or sib-ship environment when estimating heritability estimates and showed that all traits examined (SphE, @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 ) are heritable, thus reflecting a genetic component. These traits therefore all represent candidates for quantitative trait linkage analyses.

title: Heritability and shared environment estimates for @entity1 and associated ocular biometric traits: the Genes in XXXX (GEM) family study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: @entity6 @entity4 ( @entity8 ) may lead to poor outcome in @entity1 ( @entity10 ) @entity0 . This study was designed to investigate the cumulative incidence, risk factors, and outcome of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity10 in one Chinese single center. METHODS: Clinical features and endoscopic profiles of consecutive @entity10 @entity0 from RuiJin Hospital between January 2013 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. @entity8 was diagnosed based on the positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based stool test. RESULTS: A total of 260 @entity0 with @entity10 were enrolled, among whom 176 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 84 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Thirteen @entity0 (5.0%) were diagnosed with @entity8 . The incidence of @entity4 was 4.0% in @entity2 (n   =   7) and 7.1% in @entity3 (n   =   6) respectively.The endoscopic feature of @entity9 was found in 4 @entity10 - @entity8 @entity0 (4/12,33.3%), and @entity9 and deep ulcer were significantly correlated with @entity8 (p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.006).There was a trend that @entity5 (Hb   <   10   g/dL) might be associated with @entity8 (p   =   0.043,OR 3.48,95% CI 1.04-11.61). @entity0 in @entity8 group showed more risk of developing @entity7 than those in non- @entity8 group(p   =   0.003,OR 6.09,95% CI 1.8-15.2). CONCLUSIONS: PCR-based fecal screening for @entity8 should be performed in those @entity10 @entity0 . @entity5 may be an important risk factor of @entity8 in @entity10 . For @entity0 with @entity8 , antibiotics should be administered promptly to prevent @entity7 .

title: Risk factors and clinical outcome of @entity6 @entity4 in @entity0 with XXXX :a Chinese single-center retrospective study of 260 cases.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Beh  et's disease is characterized by recurrent @entity10 and genitalia and relapsing @entity9 . It is recognized as a chronic @entity1 affecting the skin, mucous membranes, eye, joints, central nervous system, and blood vessels. About 8% of the @entity0 with Beh  et's disease have severe @entity7 such as @entity5 and @entity4 . In our @entity0 , there was a massive, @entity2 , pulsatile mass on the clavicle on the right side of neck. @entity5 mass was observed on the left apex on a chest X-ray. Through angiography, a lobular giant saccular @entity6 on the proximal side of the right subclavian artery, giant @entity6 on the left subclavian artery, and @entity4 on the left subclavian-axillary artery were observed. We treated first the right and then the left subclavian @entity5 with a two-stage operation. The @entity6 were resected and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) graft interposition was performed. Control angiography was performed 6 months postoperatively. Both grafts were open and there was no anastomotic @entity6 . The @entity0 was reoperated on for a @entity3 13 months after the first operation. The aortic defect was repaired using a Dacron patch.

title: Bilateral subclavian XXXX and @entity3 in Beh  et's disease.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE; Previous work indicated that @entity0 within 1 month of parietal or @entity3 are often abnormally slow or clumsy when using the ipsilateral hand for dexterity tasks. This article reports a 6-month follow-up study to assess recovery and the impact on functional outcome. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity0 (80%) were available for follow-up. They used the ipsilateral hand on a dexterity test that simulated everyday hand function. @entity4 and @entity6 were also assessed. Performance was compared with that of healthy age-matched control subjects using the same hand. Rating scales for self-care and dexterity in everyday life were completed by @entity0 and carers. RESULTS: Significant recovery had occurred on all measures, but @entity0 with left @entity1 remained impaired on the dexterity test, with 7 @entity0 (58%) scoring below the normal range. Five of these were apraxic. Reports of everyday functioning did not reflect this impairment, but there were inconsistencies in these reports, which raised doubts as to their accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Ipsilateral dexterity shows recovery during the first 6 months, but there may be persistent impairment related to @entity5 after left hemisphere @entity2 . It appears that the impact of this on functional outcome is typically small compared with the large effect of severity of contralateral paresis. It may be a significant factor in some cases, however, and direct observation of everyday functioning would be needed to clarify more subtle effects on outcome.

title: Recovery of ipsilateral dexterity after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent reports suggest aortoembolism is an important cause of @entity2 . Although transesophageal echocardiography visualizes the aortic arch, diagnosis of @entity2 is not common. We investigated reasons for this discrepancy at our institution. We reviewed charts and transesophageal echocardiography videotapes of 16 @entity0 with recent @entity3 or transient @entity1 attack who had undergone transesophageal echocardiography. For each @entity0 , we determined the most likely cause of @entity8 , and we compared the official transesophageal echocardiography report to our interpretation of the videotape. In our videotape review, 13 @entity0 had good visualization of the aortic arch. Of 6 @entity0 with @entity5 in the arch, 1 had high-grade carotid stenosis, 1 had @entity6 , 1 had " @entity9 ," and 3 had @entity8 of unknown cause. The official reports did not mention @entity7 in 4 of 6 @entity0 . A possible cause of @entity8 was identified in 6 of 7 @entity0 with normal aortic arches. Of 3 @entity0 who had poor visualization of the aortic arch, one had " @entity9 ," and 2 had @entity3 of unknown cause despite extensive workups. We conclude that @entity7 is common in @entity0 with @entity3 and transient @entity1 attack and may be a cause of @entity8 , especially in @entity0 with @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack due to @entity4 or of unknown cause. @entity7 may not be identified as the cause of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack because (a) transesophageal echocardiography is not done, (b) transesophageal echocardiography is done but the aortic arch is not visualized, (c) transesophageal echocardiography is done, the aortic arch is visualized, but the examiner does not comment on @entity7 , or (d) despite transesophageal echocardiography identification of arotic arch disease, the treating physician does not consider the aorta to be a potential source of embolization.

title: Problems in the recognition of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: In healthy @entity0 , brachial artery @entity2 infusion elicits a reflex increase in total body @entity3 (NE) spillover ( @entity7 ) that is blunted by oral angiotensin @entity4 (1) receptor blockade. Our objectives were to determine whether a similar reflex is active in treated @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 and attenuated by ARB. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this double-blind study, 12 @entity0 with an ejection fraction  <=40% were randomized to 2 weeks of oral @entity5 up-titrated to 32 mg/day or placebo. Forearm blood flow was measured bilaterally by venous occlusion plethysmography. Total body NE spillover was determined following infusion of tritiated NE. After saline was infused into the non-dominant brachial artery to establish baseline values, @entity2 and @entity6 (as vasodilator control) were administered in random order. Both caused dose-dependent increases in ipsilateral but not contralateral blood flow. @entity6 had no @entity7 effect, whereas @entity2 reduced @entity7 from 3967 (SD 2362) to 3293 pmol/min (SD 2093) (P = 0.03). This decrease was not augmented in @entity5 -treated subjects [-1096 (SD 726) vs. -253 pmol/min (SD 1094); placebo vs. @entity5 ; P = 0.22]. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to healthy @entity0 , in treated @entity1 @entity0 , locally infused @entity2 does not elicit a reflex sympatho-excitatory response mediated by angiotensin @entity4 (1)-modulated neurotransmission.

title: Reflex systemic sympatho-neural response to brachial XXXX infusion in treated @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Spontaneous @entity2 , which causes @entity5 and can result in @entity4 , is rare; but its true incidence is underestimated, since most @entity0 die suddenly, without diagnosis. The aim of this study was to show the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment. In reviewing the records of 5,000 consecutive @entity0 who underwent coronary angiography between January 2001 and August 2006, we found 6 cases of spontaneous @entity2 (an incidence rate of 0.12%). Five @entity0 presented with left main @entity2 and 1 @entity0 , with right @entity2 . Angioplasty with stenting failed in the @entity0 with right @entity2 . Coronary artery bypass surgery was performed in all @entity0 . The @entity0 with right @entity2 died of @entity1 on the 30th postoperative day. The other 5 @entity0 (83.3%) are still free of symptoms, and they had negative results on stress tests at the 6- and 12-month follow-up visits after coronary artery bypass surgery. The clinical presentation of spontaneous left main @entity2 was similar to that of @entity3 . However, early diagnosis of spontaneous @entity2 by means of coronary angiography is of paramount importance, because urgent coronary artery bypass grafting can be lifesaving.

title: Surgical management of spontaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: How @entity0 react to threats is a topic of broad theoretical importance, and also relevant for understanding @entity2 . Many animal threat reactions exhibit a common structure, a finding supported by @entity0 evaluations of written threat scenarios that parallel patterns of rodent defensive behavior to actual threats. Yet the factors that underlie these shared behavioral patterns remain unclear. Dimensional accounts rooted in Darwin's conception of antithesis explain many @entity1 . Across species, it is also clear that defensive reactions depend on specific situational factors, a feature long emphasized by psychological appraisal theories. Our study sought to extend prior investigations of @entity0 judgments of threat to a broader set of threats, including natural disasters, threats from animals, and psychological (as opposed to physical) threats. Our goal was to test whether dimensional and specific patterns of threat evaluation replicate across different threat classes. 85 healthy adult subjects selected descriptions of @entity1 that indicated how they would react to 29 threatening scenarios. Scenarios differed with respect to ten factors, e.g., perceived dangerousness or escapability. Across scenarios, we correlated these factor ratings with the pattern of @entity1 subjects endorsed. A decision tree hierarchically organized these correlation patterns to successfully predict each scenario's most common reaction, both for the original sample of subjects and a separate replication group (n = 22). At the top of the decision tree, degree of dangerousness interacted with threat type (physical or psychological) to predict dimensional approach/avoidance behavior. Subordinate nodes represented specific defensive responses evoked by particular contexts. Our ecological approach emphasizes the interplay of situational factors in evoking a broad range of threat reactions. Future studies could test predictions made by our results to help understand pathological threat processing, such as seen in @entity2 , and could begin to test underlying neural mechanisms.

title: Exploring the Structure of XXXX Defensive Responses from Judgments of Threat Scenarios.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity4 varies from 1 to 3% in different series. Skull base @entity5 are rare. The pathogenetic role of low-dose radiation seems to be fairly well established in the oncogenesis of @entity5 . Calvarial location and multiplicity seem to be among the distinctive features of radiation-induced @entity5 . Skull base location is a very rare occurrence, mainly because the path of irradiation does not significantly involve this region. CASE REPORT: We describe a rare case of simultaneous occurrence of two skull base @entity5 in a 66-year-old female. This @entity0 underwent low-dose irradiation for @entity7 when she was 8 years old. The @entity0 complained of @entity1 , @entity3 in both hands, and progressive @entity2 on her right side. She was admitted to the hospital in September 1994. An MRI showed two masses, one located at the level of the tuberculum sellae and the other at the foramen magnum. These seemed very likely to be @entity5 . The latter lesion, which was more symptomatic and dangerous, was operated on first. Six months later, elective treatment of the @entity6 was performed with success. CONCLUSION: The actual role of previous head irradiation in the oncogenesis of the @entity5 remains somewhat unclear. Proper management and judicious use of skull base surgery techniques were key factors in the successful treatment of the @entity0 .

title: XXXX : case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 of parents with @entity1 have an elevated risk of developing a range of mental health and psychosocial problems. Yet many of these @entity0 remain mentally healthy. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to get insight into factors that protect these @entity0 from developing internalizing and externalizing problems. METHODS: Several possible individual, parent- @entity0 , and family protective factors were examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a sample of 112 adolescents. A control group of 122 adolescents whose parents have no @entity1 was included to explore whether the protective factors were different between adolescents with and without a parent with @entity1 . RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses revealed that high self-esteem and low use of passive coping strategies were related to fewer internalizing and externalizing problems. Greater self-disclosure was related to fewer internalizing problems and more parental monitoring was related to fewer externalizing problems. Active coping strategies, parental support, and family factors such as cohesion were unrelated to adolescent problem behavior. Longitudinal analyses showed that active coping, parental monitoring, and self-disclosure were protective against developing internalizing problems 2  years later. We found no protective factors for externalizing problems. Moderation analyses showed that the relationships between possible protective factors and adolescent problem behavior were not different for adolescents with and without a parent with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that adolescents' active coping strategies and parent- @entity0 communication may be promising factors to focus on in interventions aimed at preventing the development of internalizing problems by adolescents who have a parent with @entity1 .

title: Factors Promoting Mental Health of Adolescents Who Have a Parent with XXXX : A Longitudinal Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tracheobronchial stenoses (TBSs) are potentially severe manifestations of @entity6 with @entity6 (Wegener's) (GPA) that usually respond poorly to @entity2 and immunosuppressive agents. We describe 26 GPA @entity0 with >= 1 tracheal (mainly subglottic, @entity7 ) and/or @entity5 (ses) (BS(s)).Sixteen @entity0 had solitary @entity7 and 10 had >= 1 BS(s). The male/female sex ratio was 9:17, and the median age at GPA diagnosis was 32 years (3:13 and 28 years, respectively, for @entity7 patients). Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies were proteinase 3-positive in 65.5% of the @entity0 (50% of those with @entity7 ).Despite conventional GPA therapy, 62% @entity0 experienced >= 1 stenosis relapse(s) (81% of @entity7 @entity0 , for a total of 1-8 relapses per @entity0 ). None of the several systemic or endoscopic treatments prevented future relapses. @entity4 induction therapy was effective in 4/6 @entity0 with BS(s) and in 1 @entity0 with @entity7 among the 7 treated. After many relapses, rituximab achieved remission in 3/4 @entity7 @entity0 . Endoscopic treatments (dilation, laser, @entity1 injection, etc.) had only transient efficacy. Other GPA manifestations relapsed independently of TBSs. One @entity7 @entity0 died of acute @entity3 .Our findings confirmed that TBSs are severe GPA manifestations that evolve independently of other organ involvements and do not respond to conventional systemic regimens. As previously described, our population was younger and comprised more females than usual GPA @entity0 , especially those with @entity7 .The small number of @entity0 and the wide variety of local and systemic treatments prevent us from drawing definitive conclusions about the contribution of each procedure. However, @entity4 seemed to effectively treat BSs, but not @entity7 , and rituximab may be of interest for @entity7 management.

title: Tracheobronchial Stenoses in @entity6 With XXXX (Wegener's): A Report on 26 Cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The SLICS (Sub-axial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System) was proposed to help in the decision-making of sub-axial cervical spine trauma (SCST), even though the literature assessing its safety and efficacy is scarce. METHOD: We compared a cohort series of @entity0 surgically treated based on surgeon's preference with @entity0 treated based on the SLICS. RESULTS: From 2009-10, 12 @entity0 were included. The SLICS score ranged from 2 to 9 points (mean of 5.5). Two @entity0 had the SLICS < 4 points. From 2011-13, 28 @entity0 were included. The SLICS score ranged from 4 to 9 points (mean of 6). There was no @entity1 in any group. CONCLUSION: After using the SLICS there was a decrease in the number of @entity0 with less severe @entity2 that were treated surgically. This suggests that the SLICS can be helpful in differentiating mild from severe @entity2 , potentially improving the results of treatment.

title: Evaluation of the SLICS use in the treatment of subaxial cervical spine XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: METHODS: Members of this consensus group were selected based on individual expertise to represent a range of practical and @entity2 experience both in terms of location in Canada and type of practice, as well as subspecialty expertise along with general gynaecology backgrounds. The consensus group reviewed all available evidence through the English and French medical literature and available data from a survey of Canadian @entity0 . Recommendations were established as consensus statements. The final document was reviewed and approved by the Executive and Council of the SOGC. RESULTS: This document provides a summary of up-to-date evidence regarding the diagnosis, investigations, and medical and surgical management of @entity1 . The resulting recommendations may be adapted by individual health care workers when serving @entity0 who suffer from this condition. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 is an extremely common and sometimes debilitating condition for @entity0 of reproductive age. A multidisciplinary approach involving a combination of lifestyle, medications, and allied health services should be used to limit the impact of this condition on activities of daily living. In some circumstances, surgery is required to offer the desired relief. OUTCOMES: This guideline discusses the various options in managing @entity1 . @entity0 information materials may be derived from these guidelines in order to educate @entity0 in terms of their options and possible risks and benefits of various treatment strategies. @entity0 who find an acceptable management strategy for this condition may benefit from an improved quality of life.

title: Primary XXXX consensus guideline.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone marrow is a common site of @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Metastatic bone marrow involvement is found in approximately 50% of @entity4 @entity1 and up to 85% of @entity0 @entity1 at autopsy. Initial @entity3 procedures detect malignant @entity5 in only 2-30% of @entity1 with these @entity3 . This study was performed to assess whether MRI can improve the detection rate of bone marrow @entity2 in @entity3 with a high incidence of skeletal involvement. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with histologically verified @entity4 (25 with limited stage disease and 27 with extensive stage disease) and 33 @entity1 with @entity0 were entered into a prospective study. The MRI protocol was comprised of coronal slices in the pelvic region and sagittal slices of the whole spine utilizing a T1-weighted spin echo sequence with a field of view of 50 cm. All @entity1 underwent initial routine diagnostic @entity3 procedures including bone scintigraphy, unilateral crest biopsy, and plain film radiography of suspicious skeletal areas. RESULTS: Only in two @entity4 @entity1 , MRI was positive in 25 cases. All @entity4 @entity1 with @entity5 histologically verified, diagnosed by crest biopsy (six @entity1 ) or by bone scan (seven @entity1 ) had the correct diagnosis of @entity2 by MRI. In addition MRI revealed hypointense bone marrow foci in 14 cases. In contrast, 28 of 33 @entity0 @entity1 examined during the initial @entity3 procedure showed no evidence of bone marrow involvement. MRI was not superior compared with bone scintigraphy in @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 results obtained in @entity4 and @entity0 @entity1 are different, although both @entity3 have a high incidence of bone marrow @entity2 . It may be assumed that the biologic behavior of these @entity3 is reflected by the initial bone marrow involvement. Because of its superiority compared with biopsy and bone scan, the authors believe MRI should become an integral part of the initial @entity3 procedures in @entity1 with @entity4 . When @entity3 @entity1 with @entity0 , MRI should be applied only in clinically indicated cases.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging to detect bone marrow @entity2 in the initial @entity3 of XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Birds have a remarkable longevity for their body size despite an increased body temperature, higher metabolic rate, and increased blood @entity2 concentrations compared to most mammals. As the end-product of @entity10 degradation, @entity3 (UA) is generated in the @entity6 / @entity7 reactions catalyzed by @entity6 oxidoreductase (XOR). In the first study, Cobb   *   Cobb broilers (n   =   12; 4 weeks old) were separated into 2 treatments (n   =   6); control (CON) and @entity1 (AL) 35 mg/kg BW (ALLO). The purpose of this study was to assess mitochondrial function in broiler @entity5 in response to potential oxidative stress generated from the administration of AL for 1   wk. There was a significant reduction in state 3 respiration (P   =   0.01) and state 4 respiration (P   =   0.007) in AL-treated birds compared to the controls. The purpose of the second study was to assess the effect of AL on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines interferon-y (IFN)-y, @entity8 , @entity9 , and IL-12p35, as well as inducible @entity4 synthase and XOR in liver tissue. Cobb   *   Cobb broilers were separated into two groups at 4   wk age (n   =   10); CON and ALLO. After 1   wk AL treatment, half of the birds in each group (CON 1 and ALLO 1) were euthanized while the remaining birds continued on AL treatment for an additional week (CON 2 and ALLO 2). A significant increase in gene expression of XOR, IFN-y, @entity8 , and IL-12p35 in ALLO 2 birds as compared to birds in CON 2 was detected. Liver UA content was significantly decreased in both ALLO 1(P   =   0.003) and ALLO 2 (P   =   0.012) birds when compared to CON 1 and CON 2, respectively. The AL reduced liver UA concentrations and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Additional studies are needed to determine if AL causes a direct effect on mitochondria or if mitochondrial dysfunction observed in liver mitochondria was due indirectly through increased oxidative stress or @entity0 .

title: The effect of @entity1 administration on mitochondrial respiration and gene expression of @entity6 oxidoreductase, inducible XXXX synthase, and inflammatory cytokines in selected tissues of broiler @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The contribution of @entity2 (NO) to immune response and matrix degradation in the periodontal environment suggests a role for NO and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) activity in the pathogenesis of @entity1 (CsA)-induced @entity7 ( @entity9 ). However, current knowledge on this topic is limited to experimental animal studies. The present study was undertaken on the basis of a hypothesis whether altered @entity5 / @entity3 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and @entity8 (eNOS) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) immunoreactivity in gingiva of CsA-treated @entity0 contribute to the pathogenesis of CsA-induced @entity9 . METHODS: Twenty-four CsA-medicated renal transplant @entity0 with @entity9 ( @entity9 +; n = 12) or without @entity9 ( @entity9 -; n = 12), 10 @entity4 , and 10 healthy subjects were included in the study. GCF samples from two proximal sites facing interdental papilla were collected, and papilla was excised. @entity6 and eNOS were determined by immunohistochemistry. GCF @entity5 / @entity3 levels were analyzed based on the Griess reaction. RESULTS: Weak @entity6 immunostaining was observed in the healthy and @entity9 - groups. In the @entity4 and @entity9 + groups, @entity6 immunostaining significantly increased in connective tissue. Epithelial immunostaining of @entity6 was localized to basal keratinocytes and the lower layer of stratum (str.) spinosum in the @entity4 group. In the @entity9 + group, @entity6 immunostaining was differentially localized to keratinocytes of str. superficiale but considerably decreased in the str. basale. Weak eNOS immunostaining was found in the healthy and @entity9 - groups, whereas higher immunostaining was observed in the @entity4 and @entity9 + groups. No intergroup differences were observed regarding @entity5 / @entity3 levels in GCF. CONCLUSION: CsA differentially upregulated @entity6 , but not eNOS, in overgrown gingiva, which may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced @entity9 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of inducible and endothelial forms of @entity2 synthase in @entity1 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The complement system is activated in the vasculature during @entity1 and inflammatory conditions. Activation may be associated with chronic @entity0 on the endothelial surface leading to complement deposition. Complement mutations allow uninhibited complement activation to occur on platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, and aggregates thereof, as well as on red blood cells and endothelial cells. Furthermore, complement activation on the cells leads to the shedding of cell derived-microvesicles that may express complement and tissue factor thus promoting @entity0 and @entity1 . Complement deposition on red blood cells triggers hemolysis and the release of red blood cell-derived microvesicles that are prothrombotic. Microvesicles are small membrane vesicles ranging from 0.1 to 1  m, shed by cells during activation, injury and/or apoptosis that express components of the parent cell. Microvesicles are released during inflammatory and vascular conditions. The repertoire of inflammatory markers on endothelial cell-derived microvesicles shed during @entity0 is large and includes complement. These circulating microvesicles may reflect the ongoing inflammatory process but may also contribute to its propagation. This overview will describe complement activation on blood and endothelial cells and the release of microvesicles from these cells during @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 , clinical conditions associated with enhanced @entity1 and @entity0 .

title: Complement Interactions with Blood Cells, Endothelial Cells and Microvesicles in XXXX and Inflammatory Conditions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chronic @entity5 ( @entity9 ) abuse could induce @entity6 due to reactive @entity1 species generation and sympathetic activation. Both factors are associated with @entity4 , so we tested the hypothesis that chronic @entity9 administration might also promote @entity4 formation in @entity8 -/- knockout @entity0 fed normal diet. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity8 -/- @entity0 (6 weeks-old) were treated with saline (NS) or @entity9 [4 mg/kg/day (M4) or 8 mg/kg/day (M8) through intraperitoneal injection] for 24 weeks. @entity4 area on oil red O stained en face aorta was dose-dependently increased in M4 and M8 groups compared to NS group. Percentage of @entity4 area was significantly higher in M8 group compared to NS and M4 groups. Plasma CRP was increased and inflammatory cytokine ( @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity3 , and INF-y) expression on aortic root was upregulated in @entity9 groups compared to NS group. @entity12 ( @entity12 ) protein and mRNA expressions in aortic root and myocardial tissue were determined by Western blot and real time PCR, which were significantly upregulated in M4 and M8 groups. Moreover, mRNA expressions of @entity13 , @entity14 and @entity15 in aortic and myocardial tissue were also significantly upregulated in M4 and M8 groups. Raw264.7 cells were treated with @entity12 , @entity12 receptor antagonists, @entity9 (10  M or 100  M) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expressions of @entity3 , CRP, @entity11 and reactive @entity1 species (ROS) production were significantly increased in @entity9 and LPS + @entity9 groups compared to control and LPS groups. Co-treatment with @entity13 antagonist decreased the expressions of @entity3 , CRP and @entity11 in @entity12 and @entity9 treated cells. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic @entity9 administration can promote @entity2 and @entity4 plague formation in @entity8 -/- @entity0 fed normal chow. @entity12 might be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity9 -induced atherogenic effects through @entity12 Y1 receptor pathway.

title: Chronic administration of XXXX promotes @entity4 formation in @entity8 -/- knockout @entity0 fed normal diet.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 occurs frequently during the acute phase of @entity5 ; however, there are few reports of @entity3 associated with @entity5 in the subacute and chronic phase. We focused on @entity7 at a rehabilitation hospital and evaluated the relationships between the frequencies of @entity3 , focus, and @entity4 volume and type. METHODS: A hundred @entity0 with @entity7 referred to our rehabilitation hospital were evaluated. Bedside swallowing assessments (BSAs) were conducted and results were evaluated relative to the information obtained on computed tomography imaging, including @entity4 at the time of admission/discharge from the hospital. RESULTS: A regular diet was provided to 48 @entity0 , @entity3 diet to 44 @entity0 , and enteral feeding to 8 @entity0 . There were significant feeding group differences in age, @entity4 volume and type, existence of @entity2 , @entity1 , cognitive function, existence of unilateral neglect and @entity6 , initial BSA, activities of daily living (ADL) score using the Functional Independence Measure at the time of admission/discharge from the hospital, and length of stay. At discharge, we provided a regular diet to 81 @entity0 and @entity3 diet to 19 @entity0 . Age and ADL score had the greatest influence on oral intake at the time of discharge from the hospital. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of @entity3 caused by @entity7 is good, with no @entity0 requiring enteral feeding, although @entity7 often causes @entity3 . @entity0 age and ADL score on admission are used to predict the residual factors of @entity3 .

title: XXXX Following Putaminal Hemorrhage at a Rehabilitation Hospital.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: A variety of systems have been applied to identify and address errors in the management of multiple @entity1 @entity0 . This lack of standardisation represents a serious problem. OBJECTIVES: Detect preventable and potentially preventable @entity2 , and classify all the errors with universal language. METHODS: We studied all @entity1 @entity0 over 16 admitted to the critical care unit or who died before. In multidisciplinary sessions we decided which @entity2 were preventable, potentially preventable and non preventable. Guided by ATLS protocols, we detected errors in their management that were classified using the taxonomy of Joint Commission. RESULTS: We registered 1236 @entity1 @entity0 (ISS 20.77). Of the 115 @entity1 @entity2 , 19 were preventable or potentially preventable @entity2 . We recorded 130 errors in all @entity2 , 46 of them in preventable or potentially preventable @entity2 . Using our own classification, the main errors were delay in starting correct treatment or performance of CT in hemodynamically unstable @entity0 . Using the taxonomy of Joint Commission, the main type error was clinical, during the intervention: the delay in initiating correct treatment. Mistakes were made in the emergency department by medical specialists. The incidence of therapeutic and diagnostic errors was similar. The main cause of error was @entity0 failure, specifically 'rule-based' errors CONCLUSIONS: Measuring and recording the results is the first step on the way to improving the quality of care for @entity1 @entity0 . A common language like the taxonomy of Joint Commission will help standardise @entity0 safety data, thus improving the recording of incidents and their analysis and treatment.

title: Preventable @entity2 and potentially preventable XXXX . What are our errors?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of @entity0 -reported outcomes (PROs) in pediatric populations with vaccine-preventable @entity1 in high-income Western countries. METHODS: Systematic review of PRO use in populations younger than 18 years with any of 17 @entity1 for which vaccines are available or in development. The search was limited to studies performed in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand and published between January 1, 1990, and July 31, 2013. Searches were conducted in Scopus and PsycINFO, and reference lists were manually searched. Results are reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS: Of 6410 titles and abstracts and 174 full-text articles reviewed, 17 full-text articles were included for data extraction. The largest number of PRO studies was carried out in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 . No PRO studies were identified for nine conditions. A total of 24 PRO measures (12 generic and 12 disease-specific) were used in the studies reviewed. Most of the instruments used were of high quality. Proxy responses were occasionally obtained when self-report would have been feasible. No validated disease-specific instruments for @entity0 with any of the conditions studied were found. CONCLUSIONS: The paucity of studies and PRO instruments to assess pediatric health status in vaccine-preventable @entity1 , and the lack of a standardized approach to measurement, makes it difficult to capture the impact of disease and the benefit of vaccination and could potentially hinder decision making. Guidelines from relevant bodies to steer research in this area would be useful.

title: Assessing XXXX -Reported Outcomes in Pediatric Populations With Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Literature (the PROCHID Study).

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Experiments have been conducted to determine the origin and character of the lipid in thoracic duct lymph of new-born, unsuckled @entity0 . This involved the collection and analysis of intestinal and hepatic lymph from two bile-fistulated and seven non-fistulated animals.2. The output of total esterified @entity3 in intestinal and hepatic lymph in the unfed @entity0 after recovery from the anaesthetic was about 0.6 and 0.025 g/hr, respectively.3. Three lipoprotein fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation of intestinal lymph samples. These appeared to correspond to very low- (d < 1.005), low- (1.2 > d < 1.005) and high- (d = 1.20) density lipoprotein of human serum. These lipoproteins contained approximately 40%, 50% and 10% respectively of the total lipid.4. Very low-density lipoprotein was not found in blood serum or hepatic lymph and it was evident that very low-density lipoprotein and most of the low-density lipoprotein in intestinal lymph were derived from sources other than the capillary filtrate.5. The output of total esterified @entity3 in intestinal lymph fell steadily during the course of an 11-16 hr period of bile deprivation to values 55% of those in comparable @entity0 without bile fistulae. This was accompanied by a virtual disappearance of very low-density lipoprotein and a decrease in low-density lipoprotein of approximately 50%. These effects could not be attributed to starvation.6. There was a general resemblance in @entity3 composition between biliary lipid and the @entity1 of the lipoproteins, the predominant @entity4 being 16:0 and 18:1. The presence of appreciable levels of odd @entity2 number and branched-chain @entity4 were consistent with the transfer of significant amounts of free @entity3 from maternal blood to the foetus.7. It is concluded that most of the lipid in thoracic-duct lymph of unfed, new-born @entity0 is derived from the intestines and that the @entity4 of the very low-density lipoprotein in intestinal lymph arise from the absorption of biliary phospholipid.

title: The origin of lipoprotein in the intestinal and hepatic lymph of unsuckled new-born XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 metabolism studies using a combination of isotopic and chromatographic procedures were carried out in two strains of @entity0 fed 5% @entity4 (36% of calories) in the diet. Feeding @entity4 to the Fisher @entity0 over 17 days produced no significant changes in body weight. @entity2 levels in various tissues were elevated in the @entity4 -fed group: plasma @entity2 , +61%; liver @entity2 , +47%; and bile @entity2 , +57%. The @entity3 -fed Fisher @entity0 showed several changes in @entity5 metabolism over controls: fecal acidic steroid output, +13%; fecal neutral @entity5 output, +51%; endogenous neutral @entity5 output, +107%; @entity2 turnover, +54%; and @entity2 balance, +18%. @entity4 feeding to the @entity0 showed similar differences between @entity4 -fed vs. control @entity0 . @entity2 levels were significantly elevated in plasma (+35%) and in the liver (+81%). @entity5 metabolism data showed the following differences ( @entity3 vs. control): fecal acidic @entity1 output, +9%; fecal neutral @entity5 output, +17%; endogenous neutral @entity5 output, +72%; @entity2 turnover, +33%; and @entity2 balance +13%. The Fisher @entity0 maintained almost constant weight throughout the experimental period and is a preferable strain for @entity5 balance studies using liquid diets. A major finding of these experiments was the increased concentration of @entity2 in liver, plasma, and bile in both strains of @entity0 . The @entity5 balance measurements indicated that this tissue accumulation of @entity2 was due to enhanced @entity2 synthesis as well as inhibition of @entity6 syntheses.

title: @entity5 metabolism in the @entity0 : effect of @entity3 on @entity5 metabolism in two strains of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess if preradiation and early follow-up regional cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurements can help predict treatment outcome in @entity0 with cerebral @entity1 and to evaluate regional CBV changes in @entity2 and normal tissue after radiosurgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 18 @entity0 , dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed with a 1.5-T unit, which allowed an absolute quantification of the regional CBV. Measurements were performed prior to and at 6 weeks and 3 months after therapy. Treatment outcome was classified according to @entity2 volume changes at 6 months. The regional CBV of the @entity1 and the normal adjacent brain tissue were determined with a region-of-interest analysis. Regional CBV values were correlated with the @entity0 outcome to assess the sensitivity and specificity of dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging. RESULTS: The pretherapeutic regional CBV was not able to help predict a treatment outcome; however, the method proved to be highly sensitive and specific for treatment outcome prediction at the 6-week follow-up. A decrease of the regional CBV value helped predict the treatment outcome with a sensitivity of more than 90%. The @entity2 volume change alone had a sensitivity of only 64%. The measured regional CBV values of normal brain tissue and their ratio were comparable to physiologic data and remained unchanged with therapy. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging is a useful method for the assessment of radiosurgically treated brain @entity1 . The implemented technique with determination of the arterial input function enables an absolute quantification of the regional CBV and prediction of @entity2 response.

title: Assessment of brain XXXX with dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging: initial results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the recommendations of the Pediatric @entity2 Consensus Conference for mechanical ventilation management of pediatric @entity0 with @entity3 . DESIGN: Consensus Conference of experts in pediatric @entity2 . METHODS: The Pediatric @entity2 Consensus Conference experts developed and voted on a total of 27 recommendations focused on the optimal mechanical ventilation approach of the @entity0 with @entity3 . Topics included ventilator mode, tidal volume delivery, inspiratory plateau pressure, high-frequency ventilation, cuffed endotracheal tubes, and gas exchange goals. When experimental data were lacking, a modified Delphi approach emphasizing the strong professional agreement was used. RESULTS: There were 17 recommendations with strong agreement and 10 recommendations with weak agreement. There were no recommendations with equipoise or disagreement. There was weak agreement on recommendations concerning approach to tidal volume and inspiratory pressure limitation (88% to 72% agreement, respectively), whereas strong agreement could be achieved for accepting permissive @entity4 . Using positive end-expiratory pressure levels greater than 15 cm @entity5 in severe @entity3 , under the condition that the markers of @entity1 delivery, respiratory system compliance, and hemodynamics are closely monitored as positive end-expiratory pressure is increased, is strongly recommended. The concept of exploring the effects of careful recruitment maneuvers during conventional ventilation met an agreement level of 88%, whereas the use of recruitment maneuvers during rescue high-frequency oscillatory ventilation is highly recommended (strong agreement). CONCLUSIONS: The Consensus Conference developed pediatric-specific recommendations regarding mechanical ventilation of the @entity0 with @entity3 as well as future research priorities. These recommendations are intended to initiate discussion regarding optimal mechanical ventilation management for @entity0 with @entity3 and identify areas of controversy requiring further investigation.

title: Ventilatory Support in XXXX With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings From the Pediatric @entity2 Consensus Conference.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 17-year-old female with @entity16 was examined because of visual acuity loss in her right eye. Ocular examination revealed @entity13 , iris, choroid and optic disc @entity6 . There were several erthematous and hyperpigmented areas on the body. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the orbits and brain demonstrated right @entity9 and diffuse cortical and @entity2 . Skeletal manifestations were @entity7 , @entity8 , syndactyly, @entity15 , and @entity17 striata. @entity14 included @entity11 , @entity3 , and @entity12 . There were multiple @entity1 on the lids and perioral skin and the nose was asymmetric. Her mental development was apparently normal. She had left bifid ureter and renal pelvis, scant hair on the pubic and genital region, and poor breast development. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy taken from a characteristic @entity4 revealed @entity5 , @entity10 , and subcutaneous fat close to epidermis. Immunofluorescence staining was negative for IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4, fibrin, and albumin. Ultrastructural examination showed that no viral particles were present. Prometaphase chromosome analysis revealed a normal 46, XX female karyotype. Cortical and @entity2 can occur in a @entity0 with @entity16 .

title: Focal XXXX ( @entity16 ).

answer: @entity16


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 878 Background: Less than 5% of new @entity2 @entity1 participate in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate accrual to a clinical trial of @entity0 adjuvant chemotherapy at a regional @entity2 centre. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 between June 2001 and June 2003 was conducted. RESULTS: 165 charts were reviewed. 62 @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Of these, 42 (68%) fit the age criteria for the clinical trial. 15 were ineligible due to @entity2 characteristics. Of the 27 @entity1 who were eligible for the trial based on age and @entity2 characteristics, 12 (44%) could not be treated on clinical trial because they lived in a peripheral community. Of the 15 remaining @entity1 who were eligible for treatment on clinical trial at the @entity2 center, 7 (47%) were actually entered in the trial. @entity1 's fear of potential @entity3 was the primary reason for not participating in the clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: At our institution, living in a peripheral community was a leading reason for ineligibilty for a clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy of @entity0 . Accrual to this specific trial was nearly half of all @entity1 who were eligible based on age, @entity2 characteristics, and location. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Local accrual pattern of a XXXX adjuvant chemotherapy clinical trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between arterial blood pressure and @entity1 in a group of elderly subjects, controlling for such confounding variables as age, education, @entity2 , drug use and antihypertensive treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional survey in Campania, a region in southern Italy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A random sample of 1339 elderly subjects aged 65-95 years (mean 73.9 +/- 6.2 years) selected from the electoral rolls was interviewed by trained physicians. Sociodemographic characteristics, results of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), blood pressure and whether antihypertensive treatment was being administered were recorded. When subjects with @entity0 and those under psychotropic therapy were excluded from the analyses, the population numbered 1106. RESULTS: The MMSE score was less than 24 for 27.9% of the subjects and the mean @entity2 score was 10.8 +/- 6.3. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 145.3 +/- 19.0 mmHg and the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 82.0 +/- 9.2 mmHg. Logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, age, @entity2 score and DBP but not SBP were predictive of @entity1 . Educational level and antihypertensive treatment, on the contrary, play a protective role. @entity3 was associated with @entity1 in subjects aged 75 years (odds ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.25) and over (odds ratio 5.16, 95% confidence interval 1.50-17.71) but not in those aged 65-74 years. CONCLUSION: DBP but not SBP is predictive of @entity1 in subjects aged 75 years and over without @entity0 independently from sex, age, education, @entity2 and antihypertensive treatment

title: The role of blood pressure in XXXX in an elderly population. Osservatorio Geriatrico Campano Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of allogeneic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the management of @entity3 @entity7 ( @entity7 ) remains to be defined, but the number of procedures performed continues to increase. We report here the outcomes of allogeneic @entity1 using @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity10 , and @entity13 (BEAM)-Campath (Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA) conditioning for @entity7 as reported to the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BSBMT). This retrospective study identified 46 @entity0 who reported to the BSBMT registry as having undergone BEAM-Campath conditioned allogeneic @entity1 for @entity7 between 1999 and 2010. Disease histology was @entity6 ( @entity6 , n  =  25), @entity6 / @entity8 (n  =  5), and @entity4 (n  =  16). At diagnosis, the median age was 42.5 (range, 17 to 59), 37 had advanced stage disease (Ann Arbor III/IV), 28 had 2 or more extra-nodal sites of disease, and 23 had elevated @entity5 dehydrogenase. International prognostic index was high or high/intermediate in 58%. The median number of prior therapies was 3 (range, 1 to 5) and 5 @entity0 had previously undergone transplantation (4 autologous, 1 allogeneic). The median age at transplantation was 44.8 (range, 18 to 59), with 34 @entity0 demonstrating @entity2 and 22 undergoing transplantation in first response. Performance score was good in 40 @entity0 and all engrafted with a median of 14  days (range, 11 to 27) to neutrophil recovery. At latest follow-up, 20 @entity0 were alive with 17 in complete remission. @entity9 ( @entity9 ) developed in 7 @entity0 and chronic @entity9 developed in 13 (7 limited, 6 extensive). Five @entity0 died from nonrelapse causes, with a cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality of 7% at 100  days and 11% at 3 and 5  years. Twenty-one @entity0 died after lymphoma relapse, with a cumulative incidence of relapse/progression of 51% at 1  year and 53% at 5  years. Disease status at transplantation had no impact on relapse rate. Progression-free survival was 41% at 1  year and 36% at 5  years. Overall survival was 54% at 1  year and 42% at 5  years. Overall, BEAM-Campath-conditioned allogeneic @entity1 is well tolerated and able to deliver durable disease-free survival to a subset of @entity0 with @entity7 . However, the high relapse rates indicate further investigation is needed to identify those @entity0 most likely to benefit.

title: @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity10 , and Melphalan (BEAM)-Campath Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Aggressive XXXX : An Analysis of Outcomes from the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a family of proteolytic @entity2 - and @entity5 -dependent enzymes that are capable of disrupting the blood-brain barrier and mediating the destruction of extracellular matrix and myelin components. MMPs are also involved in facilitating leukocyte migration into inflammatory sites of the central nervous system. To determine the cellular localization and the amount of mRNA for @entity8 , @entity10 and a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ( @entity9 ) in @entity3 with spontaneous demyelinating distemper @entity1 , @entity4 -fixed paraffin-embedded cerebella were investigated by in situ hybridization using specific @entity6 -labeled RNA probes. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize the different types of plaques of demyelinating @entity7 . Furthermore, virus antigen and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Healthy control @entity3 revealed a weak signal for mRNA for @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity9 in various numbers of neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells and oligodendrocytes. In the cerebella of @entity3 with distemper, a strong increase of both number and staining intensity of @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity9 mRNA-expressing cells, mainly in subacute inflammatory lesions and chronic plaques, was observed. The number of cells expressing mRNA for @entity8 and @entity10 increased about two- to threefold compared to @entity9 mRNA-expressing cells, whereas staining intensity of individual cells was similar. In @entity0 , especially astrocytes and activated macrophages/microglial cells displayed a positive signal for MMPs and @entity9 , whereas in older lesions activated microglia/macrophages and infiltrating lymphocytes represented the main source for @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity9 mRNA synthesis as revealed by double-labeling techniques. In summary, the proportionally higher increase of MMP mRNA-expressing cells might indicate an MMP/TIMP imbalance as a cause for lesion initiation and progression in demyelinating @entity3 distemper @entity7 .

title: Up-regulation of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -14 in advanced lesions of demyelinating @entity3 distemper XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Endometriosis is a common disease in @entity0 at reproductive age. We investigated the concentration of neutrophil-activating factor (growth-regulated gene-alpha; @entity5 ) (a member of the chemokine family), in peritoneal fluid of infertile @entity0 with or without @entity1 . Peritoneal fluid was obtained laparoscopically from 22 @entity0 with and 21 without visible @entity2 . @entity5 concentration was measured by the use of an ELISA kit. Median concentration of @entity5 was 87.65 +/- 56.19 pg/ml in the study group and 60.72 +/- 11.98 pg/ml in the control group. The distribution of data differed from normal, therefore logarithmic transformation of data was performed. Concentration of @entity5 was significantly higher in the peritoneal fluid of @entity0 with @entity1 when compared with controls (p = 0.05). No correlation between concentration of @entity5 , stage of @entity1 , duration of @entity4 or sex @entity3 hormone levels was found. The study shows that @entity5 may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 , possibly by chemoattraction and activation of neutrophils present in higher numbers in the peritoneal fluid of @entity0 with @entity1 . It is also feasible that the angiogenic properties of @entity5 might prompt the progression of @entity2 .

title: Chemokine growth-regulated-alpha: a possible role in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Catheter ablation provides an effective cure for @entity0 with typical @entity3 . However, these @entity0 may have the potential to develop @entity4 other than common @entity3 . This study examines clinical and echocardiographic predictors for the occurrence of uncommon @entity3 or @entity2 after abolition of common @entity3 . The study population comprised 17 @entity0 (12 @entity0 , 5 @entity0 , age 32-74 years) who underwent successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of common @entity3 . Common @entity3 did not recur in any @entity0 during a median follow-up time of 8 (range 1-25) months. Within a median of 7 (range 1-223) days, however, symptomatic @entity4 occurred in 8 of 17 @entity0 (47%): uncommon @entity3 (n = 4); @entity2 (n = 3); and both uncommon @entity3 and @entity2 in one @entity0 . Preablation left atrial volume was significantly larger in @entity0 who developed secondary @entity1 compared with @entity0 who remained in sinus rhythm (57.9 +/- 15.6 vs 43.7 +/- 16.4 cm3, P < 0.05). Enlarged left atrial volume dichotomized at 51 cm3 independently predicted postablation @entity1 (X2 = 5.11, rel. risk = 5.3, P < 0.05). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, time to occurrence of postablation @entity1 was significantly shorter in @entity0 with enlarged left atrium (P < 0.02). In conclusion, symptomatic uncommon @entity3 and @entity2 develops in a substantial proportion of @entity0 after successful ablation of common @entity3 . Out of a series of clinical and echocardiographic parameters, preablation left atrial size is the best predictor for the occurrence of these postablation @entity1 .

title: Relation between left atrial size and secondary @entity1 after successful catheter ablation of common XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is very limited information on the association between @entity3 and serum uric acid levels or @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the association of @entity3 with @entity2 and @entity1 in US adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5632 adults aged 20years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2010 with determinations of serum uric acid and urine total @entity3 and dimethylarsinate (DMA). @entity2 was defined as serum uric acid higher than 7.0mg/dL for @entity0 and 6.0mg/dL for @entity0 . Gout was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis and medication use. RESULTS: After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and arsenobetaine levels, the increase in the geometric means of serum uric acid associated with one interquartile range increase in total @entity3 and DMA levels was 3% (95% CI 2-5) and 3% (2-5), respectively, in @entity0 and 1% (0-3) and 2% (0-4), respectively, in @entity0 . In @entity0 , the adjusted odds ratio for @entity2 comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of total @entity3 was 1.84 (95% CI, 1.26-2.68) and for DMA it was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.01-1.96). The corresponding odds ratios in @entity0 were 1.26 (0.77, 2.07) and 1.49 (0.96, 2.31), respectively. The odds ratio for @entity1 comparing the highest to lowest tertiles was 5.46 (95% CI, 1.70-17.6) for total @entity3 and 1.98 (0.64-6.15) for DMA among @entity0 older than 40years old. Urine @entity3 was not associated with @entity1 in @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Low level @entity3 exposures may be associated with the risk of @entity2 in @entity0 and with the prevalence of @entity1 in @entity0 . Prospective research focusing on establishing the direction of the relationship among @entity3 , @entity2 , and @entity1 is needed.

title: Arsenic exposure, @entity2 , and XXXX in US adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The authors evaluated the efficacy of neoadjuvant @entity4 chemotherapy before external-beam irradiation in @entity0 who had histologically proven @entity3 multiforme. Twenty-five @entity0 were treated with @entity4 , 600 mg/m2, intravenously once every 4 weeks for a total of 4 planned cycles. External-beam irradiation (60 Gy involved field) was planned after @entity4 . Of 15 @entity0 who had @entity2 assessable for response, seven had stable disease, six had partial responses, one had a complete response, and one had progressive disease. Two of the @entity0 who had partial responses progressed before radiotherapy. Of 10 who had gross total resections, two progressed after 3 to 4 cycles. The median time to @entity1 progression was 8.4 months. Median survival was 19.2 months. Myelotoxicity and other side effects of treatment were modest. @entity4 chemotherapy after biopsy or resection of @entity3 multiforme before irradiation is feasible. These results warrant further clinical investigation of the role that @entity4 chemotherapy may have in the treatment of @entity0 who have newly diagnosed @entity3 multiforme.

title: @entity4 chemotherapy before irradiation in newly diagnosed XXXX multiforme.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Acquisition of a cardiac fate by embryonic mesodermal cells is a fundamental step in heart formation. Heart development in frogs and avians requires positive signals from adjacent endoderm, including bone morphogenic proteins, and is antagonized by a second secreted signal, Wnt proteins, from neural tube. By contrast, mechanisms of mesodermal commitment to create heart muscle in mammals are largely unknown. In addition, Wnt-dependent signals can involve either a canonical @entity2 pathway or other, alternative mediators. Here, we tested the involvement of Wnts and @entity2 in @entity0 cardiac myogenesis by using a pluripotent @entity1 cell line (P19CL6) that recapitulates early steps for cardiac specification. In this system, early and late cardiac genes are up-regulated by 1% @entity3 , and spontaneous beating occurs. Notably, @entity4 and @entity5 were induced days before even the earliest cardiogenic transcription factors. @entity3 induced biochemical mediators of Wnt signaling (decreased phosphorylation and increased levels of @entity2 ), which were suppressed by Frizzled-8Fc, a soluble Wnt antagonist. @entity3 provoked T cell factor-dependent transcriptional activity; thus, induction of Wnt proteins by @entity3 was functionally coupled. Frizzled-8Fc inhibited the induction of cardiogenic transcription factors, cardiogenic growth factors, and sarcomeric myosin heavy chains. Likewise, differentiation was blocked by constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, an intracellular inhibitor of the Wntbeta-catenin pathway. Conversely, @entity6 , which inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, and @entity4 -conditioned medium up-regulated early cardiac markers and the proportion of differentiated cells. Thus, Wntbeta-catenin signaling is activated at the inception of @entity0 cardiac myogenesis and is indispensable for cardiac differentiation, at least in this pluripotent model system.

title: A Wnt- and XXXX -dependent pathway for @entity0 cardiac myogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection with the larval form of the @entity15 , @entity15 , can lead to the development of @entity3 . Surgical removal of cysts has been the accepted treatment for @entity14 characterized by @entity1 when there is associated intracranial @entity4 . METHODS: We describe 33 @entity0 whom we treated medically for malignant forms of @entity14 . All @entity0 had evidence of intracranial @entity4 and @entity7 at least 50 mm in diameter. All @entity0 received 15 mg of @entity13 per kilogram of body weight per day for four weeks. Ten @entity0 were also treated with 100 mg of @entity12 per kilogram per day for four weeks. Seventeen @entity0 received a second course of @entity13 , three received a third course, and one received a fourth course. During the first cycle of treatment, all @entity0 also received @entity8 . Five @entity0 had previously undergone neurosurgery for @entity1 . RESULTS: After a median of 59 months of follow-up (range, 7 to 102), the condition of all 33 @entity0 had improved, and the cysts had disappeared or become calcified. Of the 22 @entity0 with a history of @entity6 , only 11 continued to receive antiseizure medications. The median quality-of-life score on the Karnofsky scale improved from 40 to 100. Fifteen @entity0 received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt because of @entity10 . Four @entity0 had persistent sequelae (bilateral partial @entity11 , @entity2 , or @entity9 ) of the cysts. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive medical treatment can be effective in @entity0 with @entity14 characterized by @entity1 . Neurosurgery may be required only when there is an imminent risk of @entity5 .

title: Medical treatment for @entity14 characterized by giant XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A novel approach to investigate the relationship between @entity1 and changes in sleep-wake regulatory mechanisms used the @entity2 oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) @entity4 that is known to suppress @entity3 ( @entity3 ) sleep. Sleep architecture and EEG topography during wakefulness and sleep were studied in eight @entity1 @entity0 before and after five weeks of treatment with @entity4 (30-90 mg/day), which induced a significant alleviation of @entity1 . Theta power (4.75-7.5 Hz) during a 5-min wake EEG prior to sleep increased two-fold during administration of @entity4 . @entity3 sleep was almost completely eliminated. This latter effect was compensated by increased duration of stage 2, whereas total sleep time was not shortened. In non- @entity3 sleep (stages 2, 3, and 4), treatment slightly reduced EEG power between 2.0-6.25 Hz and 8.5-13.75 Hz; power in the 16.75-25.0 Hz band increased. Activity in the delta band (2.0-3.25 Hz) tended to be reduced in the fronto-central derivation, but not in centro-parietal and parieto-occipital derivations. However, the Treatment X Derivation interaction was not significant. These data indicate that in contrast to wakefulness the effects of @entity4 treatment on the EEG in non- @entity3 sleep were small. Rank correlation analyses revealed no association between the antidepressant treatment response and the changes in sleep and EEG power spectra during administration of @entity4 .

title: Different effects of XXXX treatment on EEG topography in waking and sleep in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Surgery for @entity3 is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. With this study, we investigated if a validated preoperative risk score correlates with overall morbidity, mortality, @entity7 and with the severity of complications after open Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. METHODS: A total of 94 @entity0 undergoing esophageal resection for @entity4 between 2005 and 2009 were included. @entity0 were assigned using the preoperative risk score according to Schr  der et al. [Langenbecks Arch Surg 2006;391:455-460] and the Dindo classification regarding the severity of complications. RESULTS: Of all the @entity0 , 12% had a 'normal', 54% a 'moderate' and 34% a 'high' preoperative risk score. @entity2 occurred in 79%. Furthermore, 36 or 21 or 14 or 7% of @entity0 experienced complications of @entity1 , respectively. There was a significant association between preoperative risk score and overall morbidity (p = 0.010), mortality (p = 0.035) and @entity8 (p = 0.023). Furthermore, higher preoperative risk score was significant related to increasing severity of @entity2 (grade IV according to the Dindo classification: p = 0.018, Dindo grade V: p = 0.035). Neoadjuvant therapy consisting of @entity5 and @entity6 had no influence. CONCLUSION: As we demonstrated, a significant association between preoperative risk score and occurrence and severity of @entity2 after open Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy, standardized, organ-specific pre- and postoperative categorizations might be useful for individual clinical decision making in this group of @entity0 .

title: Esophageal Cancer Specific Risk Score Is Associated with XXXX Following Open Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy for @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The attempt to decorate @entity0 nanotubes with organic molecules as a powerful means to form new functional materials has attracted broad attention in the scientific community. Here, we report the functionalization of single-walled @entity0 nanotubes (SWNTs) with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) using very mild conditions to afford a series of SWNTs- @entity4 (1 and 2) electron donor-acceptor conjugates. Owing to the presence of either one or two @entity4 , introduced via "click chemistry", different absorption cross sections were realized. Important in this context is that the covalent linkages between SWNT and @entity4 were corroborated by monitoring the diagnostic signature of the @entity1 atoms as part of the formed @entity2 ring by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resulting SWNTs- @entity4 1 and 2 were fully characterized. This characterization was complemented by a full-fledged investigation of their electrochemical and photophysical properties. In particular, appreciably strong electronic coupling between the photo- and electroactive constituents (i.e., SWNT and @entity4 ) led to rapid excited-state deactivation of @entity4 via charge transfer to the nanotubes. Here, the different absorption cross sections throughout the visible part of the solar spectrum turned out to be valuable in enhancing the overall light-harvesting features. Upon photoexcitation, for both SWNTs- @entity4 1 and 2, radical ion pair states (i.e., reduced SWNT and oxidized @entity4 ) are formed. The charge-separated states decay to regenerate the singlet ground state with lifetimes of 820 and 200 ps for 1 and 2, respectively.

title: Efficient functionalization of XXXX nanotubes with porphyrin dendrons via click chemistry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the invasion and @entity1 of salivary @entity5 (SACC) which is characterized by wide local infiltration, perineural spread, a propensity to local recurrence and late distant @entity1 . Our recent studies have disclosed that @entity6 is a crucial factor for EMT in metastatic SACC. In this study, we further uncovered small redox protein @entity3 ( @entity3 ) as a critical mediator of @entity6 induced EMT. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed significantly higher expressions of @entity3 , @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and @entity9 , and lower expression of @entity8 in @entity0 metastatic SACC compared to non-metastatic SACC tissues. Consistently, cultured SACC cells with stable @entity3 overexpression had decreased @entity8 and increased @entity9 as well as @entity7 and @entity12 expressions. The enhanced migration and invasion potential of these cells was abrogated by @entity4 or @entity11 inhibitors. Expression of @entity9 and @entity4 p- @entity4 decreased, whereas @entity8 expression increased in a BBSKE ( @entity11 inhibitor)-dose-dependent manner. In a xenograft @entity2 model, @entity3 overexpression facilitated the metastatic potential of SACC-83 cells to the lung. Our results indicate that @entity3 plays a key role in SACC invasion and @entity1 through the modulation of @entity6 - @entity4 / @entity10 on EMT. @entity3 could be a potential therapeutic target for SACC.

title: Thioredoxin 1 mediates XXXX -induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in salivary @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can exert an immunosuppressive effect on any component of the immune system, including dendritic cells (DCs), by direct contact, the release of soluble markers and extracellular vesicles (EVs). We evaluated whether MSCs and MSC-derived EVs have an immunomodulatory effect on monocyte-derived DCs in type 1 @entity1 . METHODS: Bone marrow derived MSCs were characterised and EVs were obtained by ultracentrifugation. DCs were differentiated from @entity9 (+) cells, obtained from nine type 1 @entity1 @entity0 at disease onset, pulsed with antigen @entity7 and cultured with MSCs or EVs. Levels of DC maturation and activation markers were evaluated by flow cytometry. @entity7 -pulsed DCs and autologous @entity9 (-) cell were co-cultured and @entity3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot responses were assayed. Secreted cytokine levels were measured and Th17 and regulatory T cells were analysed. RESULTS: MSC- and EV-conditioned DCs acquired an immature phenotype with reduced levels of activation markers and increased @entity6 and @entity5 production. Conditioned DC plus T cell co-cultures showed significantly decreased @entity3 spots and secretion levels. Moreover, higher levels of TGF-b, @entity6 and @entity5 were detected compared with unconditioned DC plus T cell co-cultures. Conditioned DCs decreased Th17 cell numbers and @entity8 levels, and increased @entity4 (+) regulatory T cell numbers. EVs were internalised by DCs and EV-conditioned DCs exhibited a similar effect. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In type 1 @entity1 , MSCs induce immature @entity6 -secreting DCs in vitro, thus potentially intercepting the priming and amplification of autoreactive T cells in tissue @entity2 . These DCs can contribute to the inhibition of inflammatory T cell responses to islet antigens and the promotion of the anti-inflammatory, regulatory responses exerted by MSCs.

title: @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells and derived extracellular vesicles induce regulatory dendritic cells in type 1 @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this work is to demonstrate if urinary excretion of @entity2 (GluAp) can be quantified by immunological methods. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Urine samples from control and cisplatin-treated @entity1 (n = 10 each group) were obtained at 1, 8, and 15 days after cisplatin injection. GluAp was analyzed by kinetic fluorimetry, ELISA, and immunoblotting. Sensitivity and specificity was studied for fluorimetric activity and ELISA 24 h after cisplatin injection. We also analyzed the predictive value over @entity0 at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: GluAp was easily detected by immunoblotting and ELISA, and its urinary excretion was increased in cisplatin-treated @entity1 (p < 0.01). Results obtained with ELISA were strongly correlated (r = 0.8186; p < 0.0001) with fluorimetric activity. Kinetic fluorimetry was the method with the highest AUC (AUC = 1) and the highest predictive value over serum creatinine (r = 0.7630; p = 0.0001) and body weight increase (r = -0.8721; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: GluAp can be detected in urine samples with immunological methods, making possible the development of an antibody-based kit for its determination. Its excretion correlates with the extent of @entity0 in cisplatin-treated @entity1 , confirming its value as an early marker of renal damage that can be a diagnostic aid in @entity0 .

title: Immunological detection of @entity2 in urine samples from cisplatin-treated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Abnormal remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity4 . However, the contribution of lung parenchymal cells to ECM remodeling after mechanical injury is not well defined. The objective of these studies was to investigate in vitro the release of @entity8 and their respective inhibitors @entity9 , and to explore potential regulation by @entity3 . DESIGN: @entity0 fetal epithelial cells and fibroblasts isolated on E18-19 of gestation were exposed to 20% cyclic stretch to simulate @entity1 . @entity6 and @entity2 activity were investigated by zymography and ELISA. @entity5 and @entity7 abundance were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: We found that mechanical stretch increased @entity6 and decreased @entity7 in fibroblasts, indicating that excessive stretch promotes @entity6 activation, expressed as the @entity6 / @entity7 ratio. Incubation with @entity3 did not change @entity6 activity. In contrast, mechanical stretch of epithelial cells decreased @entity2 activity and the @entity2 / @entity5 ratio by 60-70%. When @entity3 was added, mechanical stretch increased the @entity2 / @entity5 ratio by 50%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that mechanical stretch differentially affects @entity8 and their inhibitors in fetal lung cells. @entity3 modulates @entity2 activity through a combination of effects on @entity2 and @entity5 levels.

title: Differential expression of XXXX and their inhibitors in fetal lung cells exposed to mechanical stretch: regulation by @entity3 .

answer: @entity8