abstract: In July 2001, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were investigated in Japan using a questionnaire to clarify current and recent problems in 79 @entity1 . The questionnaires were sent to wards, @entity0 and psychiatrists and were returned by 72.2% overall. The number of admissions per ward was calculated as 21 @entity0 per one month, and comprised half of all admissions to the hospital. 50% were @entity2 , 17% were affective disordes and 16% involved @entity3 . Seventeen @entity0 were discharged from @entity1 per one month, and comprised 43% of all @entity0 discharged from the hospital. These results indicate that both 21 @entity0 admitted and 17 @entity0 discharged per month and needs to maintain the essential standard for @entity1 and the standard should be come more flexible as admission from the other unit of ward than @entity1 . As rate of re-admission within 3 months after discharge was around 10% of the total number of @entity0 in the ward, 3 months was considered suitable length of acute treatment in the field of psychiatry in Japan. There was one psychiatrist working in @entity1 , and specialized psychiatrists had 17.4 @entity0 , the most number of @entity0 among types of psychiatrist. Simulations of one psychiatrist to 16 and to 32 @entity0 in @entity1 were performed to determine how many psychiatrists were needed for a ward. When the ratio was 32 @entity0 to 1 psychiatrist, it was necessary to increase the number of psychiatrists to a ward by 1, and in the case of 16 @entity0 , 1-3 psychiatrists were needed. These indicate the standard number of psychiatrists for @entity1 should be at most one psychiatrist for the ward or all of the psychiatrists working in @entity1 should be allowed to work simultaneously in other wards. Preparing wards to treat acute phase @entity1 @entity0 is a very important role of each @entity1 hospital, the standard for @entity1 should include not only a high level of medical staff, but also preparing easy criteria for each hospital.

title: [Investigation of recent problems in an acute care XXXX ward considering the number psychiatrists working in the ward].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The implementation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is the result of advances in imaging, radiotherapy planning technologies, and computer-controlled linear accelerators. IMRT allows both conformal treatment of @entity1 and conformal avoidance of the surrounding normal structures. The first @entity0 treated with Peacock IMRT at Baylor College of Medicine took place in March 1994. To date, more than 1500 @entity0 have been treated with IMRT; more than 700 @entity0 were treated for @entity3 . Our experience in treating @entity3 with IMRT was reviewed. @entity0 and prostate motions are important issues to address in delivering IMRT. The Vac-Lok bag-and-box system, as well as rectal balloon for immobilization of @entity0 and prostate gland, respectively, are employed. Treatment planning also plays a very important role. IMRT as a boost after conventional external beam radiotherapy is not our treatment strategy. To derive maximal benefits with this new technology, all @entity0 received full course IMRT. Three separate groups of @entity0 receiving (1) primary IMRT, (2) combined radioactive seed implant and IMRT, and (3) post-prostatectomy IMRT were addressed. Overall, @entity2 profiles in these @entity0 were very favorable. IMRT has the potential to improve treatment outcome with dose escalation while minimizing treatment-related @entity2 .

title: Clinical experience with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for XXXX with the use of rectal balloon for prostate immobilization.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Eight @entity0 with @entity2 were treated using a novel method developed at our institution for delivering fractionated stereotactic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (FS-IMRT). We present treatment parameters, dosimetry analysis, and preliminary clinical outcome. The method incorporates high-precision invasive fixation, obliquely-oriented tomotherapy arcs, and reduced dimension pencil beams. The delivered dose distributions for the 8 @entity0 treated from April 1999 to May 2001 were assessed for dose conformality, homogeneity, and doses to organs at risk. Total doses prescribed were 54 Gy in daily doses of 1.8 Gy. Results show that the median planning target volume (gross @entity1 volume plus a safety margin of 2 mm) was 2.48 cm3 (1.64 to 16.86 cm3) and that the median conformality and homogeneity indices were 1.69 (1.56 to 2.16) and 1.12 (1.09 to 1.19), respectively. The respective average mean and maximum doses to the brain stem were 12.67 Gy and 53.86 Gy. The treatment parameters for the novel FS-IMRT method developed here document excellent dose conformality and normal tissue sparing. Preliminary short-term follow-up (mean 17, median 18.5 months) revealed a 100% local control and hearing preservation rate. No new persistent @entity3 was observed. Our current follow-up experience indicates a reasonable potential for achieving outcomes comparable to established stereotactic radiotherapy techniques.

title: Fractionated stereotactic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (FS-IMRT) for small XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of a radial head component on @entity1 kinematics and stability were evaluated using an anatomic design unlinked total elbow prosthesis. An electromagnetic tracking device recorded motion and varus and @entity2 under various conditions in 10 cadaveric elbows. The motion patterns of the intact elbows and the Sorbie-Questor total elbow prostheses with a radial head component were similar, as both tended to have a valgus position in extension, varus at midflexion, and more valgus toward full flexion. Under conditions of simulated muscle loading, the maximum valgus and varus laxity of the elbow prosthesis was, on average, 8.6 degrees +/- 4.0 degrees greater than normal. Without the radial head component, however, significant @entity0 and instabilities were seen. The varus and @entity2 were 13.3 degrees +/- 5.5 degrees greater than the intact elbows. One @entity1 without a radial head dislocated during testing. Increasing the muscle loading across the elbow significantly enhanced dynamic stability of the total elbow arthroplasties, especially in the extension half of elbow motion where instability is greatest. However, this dynamic enhancement of stability was seen only in those elbows in which the radial head component had been implanted. The radial head component is an important stabilizer, particularly in extension for this prosthesis, and possibly for other unlinked total elbow prostheses. Although instability of unlinked prostheses depends on the prosthetic design, the use of a radial head replacement may be an important factor in preventing such instability. Perhaps even more importantly, a radial head component balances the load distribution across the articulation, which could decrease stress on the ulnohumeral articulation and therefore possibly reduce @entity3 wear, @entity4 , and loosening.

title: Importance of a radial head component in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A pooled analysis of randomized trials has shown that oral anticoagulation therapy reduces the risk of @entity2 with 68% in @entity0 with @entity6 . We examined the effectiveness of oral anticoagulation on risk of @entity2 of any nature (fatal and nonfatal ischaemic and/or @entity5 ) in @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity6 or @entity7 living in the County of North Jutland, Denmark. DESIGN: Cohort study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We used the Hospital Discharge Registry covering the county (490 000 inhabitants) from 1991 to 1998 to identify 2699 @entity0 and 2425 @entity0 with @entity6 or @entity7 , aged 60-89 years. Data on prescriptions of anticoagulation were obtained from the National Health Service. We defined use of oral anticoagulation as date of prescription or reiteration plus 90 days. @entity0 were followed in the County Hospital Discharge Registry until a diagnosis of @entity2 (fatal and nonfatal ischaemic and/or @entity5 ), emigration, @entity4 or the end of 1998. We used Cox regression analyses to estimate the relative risk of @entity2 associated with use of oral anticoagulation compared with no use, adjusted for age, @entity1 and underlying @entity3 . RESULTS: Eight hundred and thirty-eight of 2699 @entity0 (31%) and 552 of 2425 @entity0 (23%) with @entity6 had one or more recorded prescriptions of oral anticoagulation. The incidence rates of @entity2 were 31 per 1000 @entity0 -years of follow-up in @entity0 , and 30 per 1000 @entity0 -years of follow-up in @entity0 . The adjusted relative risks of @entity2 during anticoagulation were 0.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-1.0] in @entity0 , and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.6) in @entity0 compared with nonuse periods. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of oral anticoagulation in clinical practice may be lesser than the efficacy of oral anticoagulation reported from randomized trials.

title: @entity6 or @entity7 and XXXX : a Danish population-based study of the effectiveness of oral anticoagulation in clinical practice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A pooled analysis of randomized trials has shown that oral anticoagulation therapy reduces the risk of @entity2 with 68% in @entity0 with @entity6 . We examined the effectiveness of oral anticoagulation on risk of @entity2 of any nature (fatal and nonfatal ischaemic and/or @entity5 ) in @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity6 or @entity7 living in the County of North Jutland, Denmark. DESIGN: Cohort study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We used the Hospital Discharge Registry covering the county (490 000 inhabitants) from 1991 to 1998 to identify 2699 @entity0 and 2425 @entity0 with @entity6 or @entity7 , aged 60-89 years. Data on prescriptions of anticoagulation were obtained from the National Health Service. We defined use of oral anticoagulation as date of prescription or reiteration plus 90 days. @entity0 were followed in the County Hospital Discharge Registry until a diagnosis of @entity2 (fatal and nonfatal ischaemic and/or @entity5 ), emigration, @entity4 or the end of 1998. We used Cox regression analyses to estimate the relative risk of @entity2 associated with use of oral anticoagulation compared with no use, adjusted for age, @entity1 and underlying @entity3 . RESULTS: Eight hundred and thirty-eight of 2699 @entity0 (31%) and 552 of 2425 @entity0 (23%) with @entity6 had one or more recorded prescriptions of oral anticoagulation. The incidence rates of @entity2 were 31 per 1000 @entity0 -years of follow-up in @entity0 , and 30 per 1000 @entity0 -years of follow-up in @entity0 . The adjusted relative risks of @entity2 during anticoagulation were 0.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-1.0] in @entity0 , and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.6) in @entity0 compared with nonuse periods. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of oral anticoagulation in clinical practice may be lesser than the efficacy of oral anticoagulation reported from randomized trials.

title: @entity6 or XXXX and @entity2 : a Danish population-based study of the effectiveness of oral anticoagulation in clinical practice.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A pooled analysis of randomized trials has shown that oral anticoagulation therapy reduces the risk of @entity2 with 68% in @entity0 with @entity6 . We examined the effectiveness of oral anticoagulation on risk of @entity2 of any nature (fatal and nonfatal ischaemic and/or @entity5 ) in @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity6 or @entity7 living in the County of North Jutland, Denmark. DESIGN: Cohort study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We used the Hospital Discharge Registry covering the county (490 000 inhabitants) from 1991 to 1998 to identify 2699 @entity0 and 2425 @entity0 with @entity6 or @entity7 , aged 60-89 years. Data on prescriptions of anticoagulation were obtained from the National Health Service. We defined use of oral anticoagulation as date of prescription or reiteration plus 90 days. @entity0 were followed in the County Hospital Discharge Registry until a diagnosis of @entity2 (fatal and nonfatal ischaemic and/or @entity5 ), emigration, @entity4 or the end of 1998. We used Cox regression analyses to estimate the relative risk of @entity2 associated with use of oral anticoagulation compared with no use, adjusted for age, @entity1 and underlying @entity3 . RESULTS: Eight hundred and thirty-eight of 2699 @entity0 (31%) and 552 of 2425 @entity0 (23%) with @entity6 had one or more recorded prescriptions of oral anticoagulation. The incidence rates of @entity2 were 31 per 1000 @entity0 -years of follow-up in @entity0 , and 30 per 1000 @entity0 -years of follow-up in @entity0 . The adjusted relative risks of @entity2 during anticoagulation were 0.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-1.0] in @entity0 , and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.6) in @entity0 compared with nonuse periods. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of oral anticoagulation in clinical practice may be lesser than the efficacy of oral anticoagulation reported from randomized trials.

title: XXXX or @entity7 and @entity2 : a Danish population-based study of the effectiveness of oral anticoagulation in clinical practice.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Daily transabdominal ultrasound-directed localization has proven valuable in correcting for setup error and organ motion in the treatment of @entity1 with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). The present study sought to determine whether this transabdominal ultrasound technology could also be reliably applied in the post-operative adjuvant or salvage setting to improve the reproducibility of coverage of the intended volumes and to enhance conformal avoidance of adjacent normal structures. Sixteen consecutive @entity0 who received external beam radiotherapy underwent daily localization using an optically guided 3D-ultrasound target localization system (SonArray, Zmed, Inc., Ashland, MA). Six of the above @entity0 were treated in a @entity4 , either adjuvantly or for salvage, while the remaining 10 with intact prostates were treated definitively. Because the @entity2 generally approximates the postoperative prostatic fossa, it was used during ultrasound localization as the primary reference structure for the @entity3 @entity0 . For @entity0 treated definitively, the prostate was the primary reference structure. Daily shifts were recorded and port films were taken weekly immediately after ultrasound-based repositioning. By comparing port films taken after ultrasound localization, which evaluates for both set-up error and internal shift, with the original digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), which represents a zero clinical set-up error situation, the degree of variability in organ position was determined. The average absolute, ultrasound-based shifts from the clinical set-up position in the anterior/posterior, lateral, and cranial/caudal directions for the @entity3 @entity0 were 5 +/- 4 mm SD, 3 +/- 3 mm SD, and 3 +/- 4 mm SD over the entire course of treatment, respectively. The average vector length shift was 8 +/- 4 mm SD. For @entity0 treated with an intact prostate, the analogous average absolute shifts in the anterior/posterior, lateral, and cranial/caudal directions were 4 +/- 3 mm SD, 4 +/- 3 mm SD, and 4 +/- 3 mm SD over the entire course of treatment. The average vector length shift was 7 +/- 4 mm SD. Vector length shifts representing interfraction internal motion were estimated by comparing post-ultrasound port films with DRRs. These were 5 +/- 3 mm SD and 4 +/- 4mm SD for @entity3 and intact prostate @entity0 , respectively. These ultrasound-based displacements were not statistically different in @entity0 with an intact prostate versus @entity0 @entity3 (p > 0.1). In conclusion, daily transabdominal 3D-ultrasound localization proved to be a clinically feasible method of correcting for set-up and internal motion displacements. The @entity2 , which serves as an adequate localization reference structure for the prostatic fossa, could be readily ultrasound imaged and repositioned as necessary. Daily internal motion errors that would have occurred if only pre-treatment port films were used were similar in magnitude to those observed for the @entity0 with intact prostates and were of sufficient magnitude to support the use of daily pre-treatment ultrasound localization in the @entity4 .

title: 3D-ultrasound guided radiation therapy in the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Platelet P2 receptors-- @entity8 , @entity9 , and P2X1--constitute the means by which @entity6 can activate platelets. Coactivation of the Galphaq-coupled @entity8 and @entity7 -coupled @entity9 receptors is necessary for @entity2 -mediated platelet activation, which forms the basis of using P2 antagonists as antithrombotic drugs. @entity8 antagonists inhibit platelet activation, while @entity8 knockout @entity0 show longer bleeding times than normal @entity0 but few other problems; however, its ubiquitous expression in other tissues renders @entity8 questionable as an antithrombotic target. The @entity9 receptor is expressed nearly exclusively in platelets and brain, making it an attractive antithrombotic target. Antagonists for the @entity9 receptor have been developed that either require metabolic activation to covalently inhibit @entity9 and are irreversible, or simply are competitive in nature and thus reversible. @entity3 and @entity4 are irreversible @entity9 antagonists and have been repeatedly proven as clinical antithrombotic agents. In addition, a recently reported @entity9 antagonist, @entity5 , shows promise as a future antithrombotic drug. The AR-C series of compounds represent reversible @entity9 antagonists and have been used extensively to characterize the function of @entity9 in platelets. Clinical studies show that AR-C69931MX is as effective as @entity4 ; furthermore, the combination of @entity10 (cangrelor) and @entity4 confers greater antagonism of @entity9 than either antagonist alone. The @entity11 is a @entity1 channel that functions to potentiate agonist-induced platelet shape change, and its inhibition or loss has little if any effect on hemostasis. A combination of @entity8 and @entity9 antagonists may represent an additional course of antithrombotic treatment.

title: XXXX receptors--targets for developing antithrombotic agents.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 act as neurotransmitters and hormones. Studies conducted to understand the synthesis and metabolism of these @entity2 during stress have been the main concern of many authors. This work proposes to investigate the time course of changes in @entity3 and @entity1 concentration in adrenal gland obtained from @entity0 submitted to acute immobilization stress. The results of the present study indicate that acute immobilization stress during 5 and 15 min did not provoke changes in @entity3 and @entity1 concentrations in adrenal gland in relation to the control group. Such results are justified due to the short time of the stress, showing that the stress did not provoke physiological alteration. The @entity3 and @entity1 concentrations in adrenal gland increased significantly after the immobilization session in stressed groups during 30 and 50 min as compared to control group. This increase probably is due to the emotional component of the immobilization stress. In this way, we suggested that the immobilization stress provoke increase in the biosynthesis of @entity4 in the adrenal gland from @entity0 . However, the results shows that a maximum increase is reached at 30 min of immobilization stress and then a decrement of @entity4 levels starts at 50 min of the experimental design. This decline in @entity4 level may be consequence of adaptation to stress situations, an increase of the activity of the uptake systems and/or metabolization of @entity4 . In conclusion, these results suggest an effective participation of the adrenal glands to maintain the homeostasis of organism to the stressful conditions.

title: Changes in XXXX and @entity3 concentrations in adrenal gland of the @entity0 submitted to acute immobilization stress.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 act as neurotransmitters and hormones. Studies conducted to understand the synthesis and metabolism of these @entity2 during stress have been the main concern of many authors. This work proposes to investigate the time course of changes in @entity3 and @entity1 concentration in adrenal gland obtained from @entity0 submitted to acute immobilization stress. The results of the present study indicate that acute immobilization stress during 5 and 15 min did not provoke changes in @entity3 and @entity1 concentrations in adrenal gland in relation to the control group. Such results are justified due to the short time of the stress, showing that the stress did not provoke physiological alteration. The @entity3 and @entity1 concentrations in adrenal gland increased significantly after the immobilization session in stressed groups during 30 and 50 min as compared to control group. This increase probably is due to the emotional component of the immobilization stress. In this way, we suggested that the immobilization stress provoke increase in the biosynthesis of @entity4 in the adrenal gland from @entity0 . However, the results shows that a maximum increase is reached at 30 min of immobilization stress and then a decrement of @entity4 levels starts at 50 min of the experimental design. This decline in @entity4 level may be consequence of adaptation to stress situations, an increase of the activity of the uptake systems and/or metabolization of @entity4 . In conclusion, these results suggest an effective participation of the adrenal glands to maintain the homeostasis of organism to the stressful conditions.

title: Changes in @entity1 and XXXX concentrations in adrenal gland of the @entity0 submitted to acute immobilization stress.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 act as neurotransmitters and hormones. Studies conducted to understand the synthesis and metabolism of these @entity2 during stress have been the main concern of many authors. This work proposes to investigate the time course of changes in @entity3 and @entity1 concentration in adrenal gland obtained from @entity0 submitted to acute immobilization stress. The results of the present study indicate that acute immobilization stress during 5 and 15 min did not provoke changes in @entity3 and @entity1 concentrations in adrenal gland in relation to the control group. Such results are justified due to the short time of the stress, showing that the stress did not provoke physiological alteration. The @entity3 and @entity1 concentrations in adrenal gland increased significantly after the immobilization session in stressed groups during 30 and 50 min as compared to control group. This increase probably is due to the emotional component of the immobilization stress. In this way, we suggested that the immobilization stress provoke increase in the biosynthesis of @entity4 in the adrenal gland from @entity0 . However, the results shows that a maximum increase is reached at 30 min of immobilization stress and then a decrement of @entity4 levels starts at 50 min of the experimental design. This decline in @entity4 level may be consequence of adaptation to stress situations, an increase of the activity of the uptake systems and/or metabolization of @entity4 . In conclusion, these results suggest an effective participation of the adrenal glands to maintain the homeostasis of organism to the stressful conditions.

title: Changes in @entity1 and @entity3 concentrations in adrenal gland of the XXXX submitted to acute immobilization stress.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity5 ) is growth inhibitory both in vitro and in vivo, at doses non-toxic to non- @entity0 cells. Chemotherapeutic agents have limited activity in @entity3 . Interactions between @entity5 and cytotoxic drugs have not previously been investigated; any synergy might improve the therapeutic effect of these agents. AIM: To investigate possible interactions between @entity5 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity2 against @entity3 cell lines in vitro. METHODS: Two @entity3 cell lines were exposed to @entity5 alone and in combination with @entity4 or @entity2 . Residual viable biomass was measured using the @entity1 assay and the results analysed by the median effect method of Chou and Talalay [Adv Enzyme Regul 1984;22:27-55]. RESULTS: @entity5 concentrations of 3.9- 125 microg/ml had a synergistic or additive growth inhibitory effect on all tested concentrations of @entity2 . Synergism was demonstrated between @entity5 and @entity4 only at concentrations of 62.5-125 microg/ml of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 has a synergistic effect with @entity2 at concentrations that correspond to in vivo therapeutic doses. @entity5 with @entity4 is synergistic only at a tight range of high concentrations of @entity4 . @entity5 lacks toxic side effects and may be useful in combination with @entity2 .

title: Synergistic activity of @entity6 and cytotoxic drugs against XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity5 ) is growth inhibitory both in vitro and in vivo, at doses non-toxic to non- @entity0 cells. Chemotherapeutic agents have limited activity in @entity3 . Interactions between @entity5 and cytotoxic drugs have not previously been investigated; any synergy might improve the therapeutic effect of these agents. AIM: To investigate possible interactions between @entity5 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity2 against @entity3 cell lines in vitro. METHODS: Two @entity3 cell lines were exposed to @entity5 alone and in combination with @entity4 or @entity2 . Residual viable biomass was measured using the @entity1 assay and the results analysed by the median effect method of Chou and Talalay [Adv Enzyme Regul 1984;22:27-55]. RESULTS: @entity5 concentrations of 3.9- 125 microg/ml had a synergistic or additive growth inhibitory effect on all tested concentrations of @entity2 . Synergism was demonstrated between @entity5 and @entity4 only at concentrations of 62.5-125 microg/ml of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 has a synergistic effect with @entity2 at concentrations that correspond to in vivo therapeutic doses. @entity5 with @entity4 is synergistic only at a tight range of high concentrations of @entity4 . @entity5 lacks toxic side effects and may be useful in combination with @entity2 .

title: Synergistic activity of XXXX and cytotoxic drugs against @entity3 cell lines.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is still an essential health problem in many countries. In Poland it is one of the leading causes of @entity5 , while in western countries and in the USA mortality rate due to @entity6 decreases. The prevention of @entity7 is a long and a hard process. There is a need to start an early prophylactic action. The programs of primary and secondary prevention should be directed to as many @entity0 as possible. In individual strategy any action should be based on the assessment of the degree of complete risk with regard to every single @entity0 . Directives and standards elaborated by the Committee of Prophylaxis are helpful. In this research the group of 105 health service female workers were prepared to carry out further preventive searches towards the @entity6 danger. The following factors were taken into account: the level of total @entity4 (LDL, HDL and @entity8 level), @entity3 , cigarette smoking, overweight and @entity2 , @entity1 . The factors mentioned above defined as global risk elements were examined among three age groups: 35-39 years, 40-45 years, 46-50 years. Coronary hazard was established in accordance with the Card of Prophylaxis @entity6 of Polish Cardiological Society. The main purpose of this research was to identify the @entity6 risk factors as well as to evaluate its danger among @entity0 .

title: [Occurrence of risk factors for ischemic heart disease among XXXX --health service workers].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 of the ear are mostly described as mycoses of the auditory canal. The aim of our investigations was to find out how fungi colonize the ear in immunocompetent @entity0 . In the years from 1993 to 2000, 128 @entity0 suspected of having @entity12 were examined. Of these 115 @entity0 suffered from @entity1 media with persisting tympanum perforation and @entity8 . A further 13 @entity0 had clinical signs of @entity7 externa only. In 54 out of 139 samples, fungi were found in the auditory canal, in five on the tympanic membrane, and in five in the middle ear. Two-thirds were isolated as moulds and one-third as @entity3 . Dominating species were @entity11 and @entity10 . Samples of 15 @entity0 suspected of having @entity6 or @entity9 were examined histologically. Fungal hyphae were observed in the @entity5 and/or between horny lamellae of @entity9 in 4 @entity0 . In the middle ear of immunocompetent @entity0 @entity4 was detected with increased production of mucus, which probably promotes the colonization with pathogenic fungi as in the middle ear just like in the auditory canal.

title: [Histologic studies on XXXX ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity0 was admitted with @entity12 ; she arrived in a deep @entity7 with systolic blood pressure of 44 mmHg. An electrocardiogram showed ST elevation in I, aVL, V5 and V6, suggesting @entity6 in the lateral area of the left ventricle. A chest roentgenogram showed right @entity13 without @entity10 . Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms revealed severe @entity2 and a flailing anterior mitral valve leaflet, suggesting a @entity11 muscle. The @entity0 was initially treated with high-dose @entity8 , @entity5 and @entity9 . Intraaortic balloon pumping was initiated after the @entity0 's condition stabilized. She underwent emergency mitral valve replacement with a prosthetic valve. @entity3 of the anterior papillary muscle was confirmed. Histological examination revealed @entity1 of the anterior papillary muscle with inflammatory changes. She recovered uneventfully. Postoperative coronary angiography demonstrated @entity4 of the first diagonal branch, and left ventriculography demonstrated akinesis of the lateral segment. This was a rare case in which @entity4 of the first diagonal branch caused @entity3 of an anterior papillary muscle leading to severe @entity2 .

title: A survival case of @entity2 and XXXX caused by @entity4 of the first diagonal branch.

answer: @entity12


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity0 was admitted with @entity12 ; she arrived in a deep @entity7 with systolic blood pressure of 44 mmHg. An electrocardiogram showed ST elevation in I, aVL, V5 and V6, suggesting @entity6 in the lateral area of the left ventricle. A chest roentgenogram showed right @entity13 without @entity10 . Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms revealed severe @entity2 and a flailing anterior mitral valve leaflet, suggesting a @entity11 muscle. The @entity0 was initially treated with high-dose @entity8 , @entity5 and @entity9 . Intraaortic balloon pumping was initiated after the @entity0 's condition stabilized. She underwent emergency mitral valve replacement with a prosthetic valve. @entity3 of the anterior papillary muscle was confirmed. Histological examination revealed @entity1 of the anterior papillary muscle with inflammatory changes. She recovered uneventfully. Postoperative coronary angiography demonstrated @entity4 of the first diagonal branch, and left ventriculography demonstrated akinesis of the lateral segment. This was a rare case in which @entity4 of the first diagonal branch caused @entity3 of an anterior papillary muscle leading to severe @entity2 .

title: A survival case of XXXX and @entity12 caused by @entity4 of the first diagonal branch.

answer: @entity2


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity0 was admitted with @entity12 ; she arrived in a deep @entity7 with systolic blood pressure of 44 mmHg. An electrocardiogram showed ST elevation in I, aVL, V5 and V6, suggesting @entity6 in the lateral area of the left ventricle. A chest roentgenogram showed right @entity13 without @entity10 . Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms revealed severe @entity2 and a flailing anterior mitral valve leaflet, suggesting a @entity11 muscle. The @entity0 was initially treated with high-dose @entity8 , @entity5 and @entity9 . Intraaortic balloon pumping was initiated after the @entity0 's condition stabilized. She underwent emergency mitral valve replacement with a prosthetic valve. @entity3 of the anterior papillary muscle was confirmed. Histological examination revealed @entity1 of the anterior papillary muscle with inflammatory changes. She recovered uneventfully. Postoperative coronary angiography demonstrated @entity4 of the first diagonal branch, and left ventriculography demonstrated akinesis of the lateral segment. This was a rare case in which @entity4 of the first diagonal branch caused @entity3 of an anterior papillary muscle leading to severe @entity2 .

title: A survival case of @entity2 and @entity12 caused by XXXX of the first diagonal branch.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is related to a worse degree of target organ damage in @entity3 with this feature than in those without. Moreover, the presence of cerebral @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is considered to be an early marker of @entity2 in essential @entity3 . The aim of this study was to assess the association between the presence of silent @entity1 and left ventricular mass and geometry in middle-aged individuals with @entity3 that had never been treated. METHODS: A total of 62 @entity0 (39 @entity0 , 23 @entity0 , aged 50 to 60 years, mean age 54.4 +/- 3.2 years) with never-treated essential @entity3 and without clinical evidence of target organ damage were studied. All @entity0 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and were classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of @entity1 . Echocardiography measuring @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was also performed. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated using the Penn convention criteria, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was estimated by the standard formula: 2 x @entity4 /LVEDD. RESULTS: @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 exhibited significantly higher @entity4 , @entity7 , LVMI, and @entity4 when compared with @entity3 @entity0 without @entity1 . In addition, 23 of 26 @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 showed echocardiographic criteria for @entity6 that was significantly higher than that observed in @entity3 @entity0 without @entity1 (21 of 36; P = .01). @entity5 ( @entity6 and @entity4 > or = 0.45) was present in 14 @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 and in only four @entity0 without @entity1 (P = .002). CONCLUSION: There is a close association between cerebral @entity1 and concentric @entity6 in asymptomatic middle-aged @entity3 @entity0 , independent of blood pressure values.

title: Correlation between silent cerebral XXXX and left ventricular mass and geometry in essential @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is related to a worse degree of target organ damage in @entity3 with this feature than in those without. Moreover, the presence of cerebral @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is considered to be an early marker of @entity2 in essential @entity3 . The aim of this study was to assess the association between the presence of silent @entity1 and left ventricular mass and geometry in middle-aged individuals with @entity3 that had never been treated. METHODS: A total of 62 @entity0 (39 @entity0 , 23 @entity0 , aged 50 to 60 years, mean age 54.4 +/- 3.2 years) with never-treated essential @entity3 and without clinical evidence of target organ damage were studied. All @entity0 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and were classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of @entity1 . Echocardiography measuring @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was also performed. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated using the Penn convention criteria, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was estimated by the standard formula: 2 x @entity4 /LVEDD. RESULTS: @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 exhibited significantly higher @entity4 , @entity7 , LVMI, and @entity4 when compared with @entity3 @entity0 without @entity1 . In addition, 23 of 26 @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 showed echocardiographic criteria for @entity6 that was significantly higher than that observed in @entity3 @entity0 without @entity1 (21 of 36; P = .01). @entity5 ( @entity6 and @entity4 > or = 0.45) was present in 14 @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 and in only four @entity0 without @entity1 (P = .002). CONCLUSION: There is a close association between cerebral @entity1 and concentric @entity6 in asymptomatic middle-aged @entity3 @entity0 , independent of blood pressure values.

title: Correlation between silent cerebral @entity1 and left ventricular mass and geometry in essential XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A physiological model of @entity0 use is proposed, based on the observation that @entity4 is a natural intracellular metabolite. It is suggested that @entity4 synthesis is an intermediate step in the metabolic pathway of elimination of the excess of energy-releasing substrates from mitochondria and the cytosol when the cell does not require additional energy. The process is first of all important for elimination of @entity8 from mitochondria. Ingested @entity0 passes across plasma and mitochondrial membranes by diffusion and follows the endogenous @entity4 pathway but in the reverse direction. This pathway is used when the cell needs additional energy. In that case, exogenous @entity4 supplies the respiratory chain with electrons via @entity6 on the path of oxidation to @entity7 and then to @entity3 by @entity0 and @entity1 dehydrogenases. After conversion to @entity8 , it goes into the @entity5 cycle and is thus used for energy production entirely. If @entity5 cycle activity is decreased constitutionally, @entity8 enters into @entity5 cycle too slowly and energy deficit arises, @entity4 compensates for the energy deficit. @entity3 then diffuses out of mitochondria. The less energy production in mitochondria, the more the cell is ready to accept @entity0 as an energy source. @entity5 cycle activity can be @entity2 as a result of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes controlling some enzymes involved in the cycle, which influences the @entity0 requirement.

title: Physiological model of the stimulative effects of XXXX in low-to-moderate doses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasal obstruction may contribute to the development of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Acoustic rhinometry (AR) measures nasal patency and congestion, which are useful parameters in objectively evaluating nasal obstruction. The nasal obstruction produced by @entity3 may contribute to the development of @entity1 and can be easily assessed with AR. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the degree of nasal obstruction seen in @entity2 @entity0 with and without @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was a retrospective data analysis from a tertiary referral center. The AR data from 10 @entity0 with and 40 @entity0 without mild @entity1 were compared. RESULTS: The mean congestion factors at the first cross-sectional area (CSA1) on the AR graph were found to be significantly higher in the @entity1 group than in the non- @entity1 group (P = 0.03). The classification of change in congestion factors demonstrated significant differences at CSA1, @entity4 , and CSA3 and in volume (t distributions <0.001, 0.0312, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The non- @entity1 @entity0 noted a significant subjective improvement in nasal congestion after topical nasal decongestion, whereas the @entity1 @entity0 did not (P <or= 0.0001 and 0.064, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although the role of nasal obstruction in @entity1 is controversial, our study lends evidence to the thought that the nasal obstruction associated with @entity3 is associated with the presence of mild @entity1 . SIGNIFICANCE: Whether @entity3 is a direct cause of @entity1 is debatable, but we have shown that greater nasal congestion is related to the presence of @entity1 in a population of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Acoustic rhinometry findings in XXXX with mild sleep apnea.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transmyocardial and percutaneous laser revascularization (TMR, PTMR) may reduce @entity5 and increase exercise tolerance in otherwise untreatable @entity5 @entity0 , although the mechanism is unknown and the placebo effect may be significant. One other proposed mechanism is cardiac denervation leading to silent @entity1 . METHODS: Electrocardiograms obtained during symptom-limited exercise (ETT, modified Bruce protocol) at baseline and 12 months were analyzed (blinded core laboratory) from 182 @entity0 randomized to TMR (n = 92) or medical therapy alone (MED(TMR), n = 90) and 219 @entity0 randomized to PTMR (n = 109) or medical therapy alone (MED(PTMR), n = 110). RESULTS: Exercise duration increased 1 year after TMR or PTMR relative to medically treated @entity0 (6.8 +/- 3.4 min vs 8.6 +/- 3.5 min for TMR; 7.3 +/- 3.1 min vs 9.1 +/- 3.6 min for PTMR, P <.05). At baseline, 20% of TMR and MED(TMR) subjects had ST @entity3 >1.0 mm, >80% had @entity5 during exercise, but only 3% had ST changes without @entity4 (silent @entity1 ). This did not change after TMR. In the PTMR group, more subjects exercised to >1.0 mm ST @entity3 (from 17% to 34%, P <.05), with no change in MED(PTMR), but the proportion with silent @entity1 did not change in either group. CONCLUSION: Exercise tolerance improved after TMR and after PTMR. Relative to PTMR, TMR more effectively suppressed @entity2 during exercise and @entity3 . However, neither TMR nor PTMR induced significant silent @entity1 . These results suggest that denervation may not be a significant factor contributing to @entity5 relief after these procedures. The contribution of the placebo effect was not determined by these results.

title: Do transmyocardial and percutaneous laser revascularization induce silent XXXX ? An assessment by exercise testing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether serum @entity3 , which is a marker of impaired oxidative metabolism, might correlate with @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). BACKGROUND: @entity3 levels, which are frequently elevated in @entity0 with @entity4 , correlate with leg vascular resistance. The effects of elevated levels of @entity3 on cardiac function in @entity0 with @entity4 have never been evaluated. METHODS: We studied 150 outpatients with @entity4 who came to our @entity4 clinic. @entity0 underwent a complete echo-Doppler examination, with measurement of mitral E wave and mitral A wave velocities, E/A ratio, E wave deceleration time (DtE), left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and @entity1 volume. A restrictive mitral filling pattern (RMFP) was defined as either @entity6 <140 milliseconds. RESULTS: Mean age was 62.2 +/- 7.8 years (86% male); 24 @entity0 (16%) had an RMFP. @entity0 with an RMFP had significantly higher @entity3 levels compared with @entity0 without RMFP (0.48 +/- 0.14 mmol/L vs 0.38 +/- 0.08 mmol/L, respectively, P <.001). @entity3 levels correlated significantly with mitral E wave velocity (r =.22, P <.01), E/A ratio (r =.21, P <.05), DtE (r =.26, P <.01), and RMFP (P =.0001). There was no correlation between @entity3 and left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, or @entity1 volume. In a multivariate model, @entity3 predicted @entity7 independently of renal function, diuretic dose, and left ventricular volumes. CONCLUSION: Elevated @entity3 levels are associated with @entity2 in @entity4 . Xanthine oxydase inhibition in @entity0 with @entity4 might theoretically result in an improvement of diastolic function.

title: Elevated serum @entity3 levels are associated with XXXX in @entity0 with dilated cardiomyopathy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether serum @entity3 , which is a marker of impaired oxidative metabolism, might correlate with @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). BACKGROUND: @entity3 levels, which are frequently elevated in @entity0 with @entity4 , correlate with leg vascular resistance. The effects of elevated levels of @entity3 on cardiac function in @entity0 with @entity4 have never been evaluated. METHODS: We studied 150 outpatients with @entity4 who came to our @entity4 clinic. @entity0 underwent a complete echo-Doppler examination, with measurement of mitral E wave and mitral A wave velocities, E/A ratio, E wave deceleration time (DtE), left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and @entity1 volume. A restrictive mitral filling pattern (RMFP) was defined as either @entity6 <140 milliseconds. RESULTS: Mean age was 62.2 +/- 7.8 years (86% male); 24 @entity0 (16%) had an RMFP. @entity0 with an RMFP had significantly higher @entity3 levels compared with @entity0 without RMFP (0.48 +/- 0.14 mmol/L vs 0.38 +/- 0.08 mmol/L, respectively, P <.001). @entity3 levels correlated significantly with mitral E wave velocity (r =.22, P <.01), E/A ratio (r =.21, P <.05), DtE (r =.26, P <.01), and RMFP (P =.0001). There was no correlation between @entity3 and left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, or @entity1 volume. In a multivariate model, @entity3 predicted @entity7 independently of renal function, diuretic dose, and left ventricular volumes. CONCLUSION: Elevated @entity3 levels are associated with @entity2 in @entity4 . Xanthine oxydase inhibition in @entity0 with @entity4 might theoretically result in an improvement of diastolic function.

title: Elevated serum XXXX levels are associated with @entity2 in @entity0 with dilated cardiomyopathy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether serum @entity3 , which is a marker of impaired oxidative metabolism, might correlate with @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). BACKGROUND: @entity3 levels, which are frequently elevated in @entity0 with @entity4 , correlate with leg vascular resistance. The effects of elevated levels of @entity3 on cardiac function in @entity0 with @entity4 have never been evaluated. METHODS: We studied 150 outpatients with @entity4 who came to our @entity4 clinic. @entity0 underwent a complete echo-Doppler examination, with measurement of mitral E wave and mitral A wave velocities, E/A ratio, E wave deceleration time (DtE), left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and @entity1 volume. A restrictive mitral filling pattern (RMFP) was defined as either @entity6 <140 milliseconds. RESULTS: Mean age was 62.2 +/- 7.8 years (86% male); 24 @entity0 (16%) had an RMFP. @entity0 with an RMFP had significantly higher @entity3 levels compared with @entity0 without RMFP (0.48 +/- 0.14 mmol/L vs 0.38 +/- 0.08 mmol/L, respectively, P <.001). @entity3 levels correlated significantly with mitral E wave velocity (r =.22, P <.01), E/A ratio (r =.21, P <.05), DtE (r =.26, P <.01), and RMFP (P =.0001). There was no correlation between @entity3 and left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, or @entity1 volume. In a multivariate model, @entity3 predicted @entity7 independently of renal function, diuretic dose, and left ventricular volumes. CONCLUSION: Elevated @entity3 levels are associated with @entity2 in @entity4 . Xanthine oxydase inhibition in @entity0 with @entity4 might theoretically result in an improvement of diastolic function.

title: Elevated serum @entity3 levels are associated with @entity2 in XXXX with dilated cardiomyopathy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a major health problem for prevalence, morbidity and costs; @entity1 management programs may prevent hospital admissions, improve clinical status and reduce medical costs. METHODS: A care program for @entity1 @entity0 was activated by the Cardiology Department, based on a nurse-monitored outpatient clinic, @entity2 in cooperation with cardiologists, who were responsible for optimal pharmacological treatment. Nurses provided @entity0 education, monitoring of clinical status and symptoms and verified adherence to pharmacologic and dietary therapy. To assess the impact of the program on hospitalization rate, functional status and quality of life we compared: 1) hospital admission rate for @entity1 in the 6 months before and the 6 months after referral; 2) Minnesota Living with @entity1 Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score and NYHA functional class at referral time and after 6 months. A cost-based analysis was performed to compare the two periods. RESULTS: Between January 1999 and November 2000, 107 @entity0 were followed up for at least 6 months. Hospitalization declined by 70% (57 admissions in the 6 months before referral, 17 in the 6 months afterwards, p = 0.0001). Functional status improved after 6 months: 41 @entity0 were in NYHA class III-IV at referral time, 26 after 6 months. The mean total score of MLHFQ was reduced from 33.9 to 28.7 (p = 0.005). The average cost of the program was estimated to be [symbol: see text] 218 (Itl 423,000) per @entity0 in 6 months. The savings in overall cost of care was [symbol: see text] 615 (Itl 1,192,000) per @entity0 in 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: A management program based on a nurse-monitored outpatient clinic can reduce hospitalization rate, improve functional status and quality of life and decrease medical costs for @entity1 @entity0 's care.

title: [Impact of a nurse-based XXXX management program on hospitalization rate, functional status, quality of life, and medical costs].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by prostatic epithelial and/or neighboring stromal cells is considered to be a property that gives cells the capability to penetrate extracellular matrix barriers in normal or @entity0 . In order to examine the role of MMPs in the prostate, we evaluated the expression of @entity10 and the @entity11 in primary cultures of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells. These cells were isolated from normal tissues of the different zones of the prostate, from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and from @entity0 . Stromal cells, regardless of tissue of origin, secreted the 72-kDa proenzyme form of @entity4 , whereas conditioned media (CM) from epithelial cells demonstrated little/no pro- @entity4 as examined by zymography. Either type of cell did not secrete @entity5 . RT-PCR evaluation showed stromal cells expressed transcripts for @entity4 , but not for @entity5 . Transcripts for @entity5 were detected in epithelial cells, although no @entity5 activity was detected in their CM. Treatment of stromal cells with 1 or 10 ng/ml of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) moderately increased secretion of pro- @entity4 protein with little change in @entity4 RNA. However, treatment of epithelial cells with @entity7 induced expression and secretion of both @entity10 . The effect of @entity7 on expression of MMPs by epithelial cells was not duplicated or affected by treatment with @entity1 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Stromal cells expressed transcripts of both @entity11 . Epithelial cells expressed @entity8 , but little @entity6 . @entity7 did not regulate the expression of @entity8 or -2 in either stromal or epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the elevated levels of @entity10 observed in prostate development and @entity0 may be due to the elevated @entity7 associated with these tissues.

title: Expression of XXXX , in primary cultures of human prostatic stromal and epithelial cells.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the longterm results of arthroscopic synovectomy in @entity2 of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Forty-one knees of 38 @entity0 (30 @entity0 , 8 @entity0 ), mean age of 42.7 +/- 15.3 years, were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a mean 8.9 years (range 5.0-12.3) after arthroscopic synovectomy. Arthroscopic synovectomies were always performed with a shaver by the same physician after failure of at least one radioactive or chemical synovectomy. Radiographs were blindly read by 2 examiners. RESULTS: At the final evaluation, the clinical results ( @entity3 , recurrent effusion) were good in 29 cases (70.7%) and poor in 12 cases (knee arthroplasty was required in 11 cases). Radiographs highlighted significant progression of @entity1 (more than one Larsen score grade) in 16 knees (39.0%). No radiographically detectable change was observed in 12 cases (29.3%), and 11 knees (26.8%) had a change of only one Larsen score grade. There was a close correlation between the Larsen score at final examination and both Larsen score and arthroscopic score for cartilage damage at baseline. Only 4 knees (22%) with grade 0 or I on preoperative radiographs had significant progression of @entity1 , compared to 12 knees (57%) with Larsen scores of 2 or 3 at baseline. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that arthroscopic synovectomy is a useful alternative treatment for @entity2 in @entity4 after failure of radiation or chemosynovectomy, and that less severely damaged joints deteriorate less rapidly after synovectomy.

title: Treatment of XXXX with arthroscopic synovectomy: longterm results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity7 ( @entity7 ) gene polymorphism is associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) susceptibility. @entity6 is a multifunctional family of cytokines important in tissue repair, @entity1 and immunoregulation. @entity5 is thought to be a T cell dependent @entity3 with T cell dysfunction. Due to its known suppressive effects on @entity4 dependent T cell growth, @entity7 is considered to be a candidate @entity5 susceptibility gene. Furthermore, @entity5 has been linked with a region to which the @entity7 gene has been mapped. METHODS: Association studies were performed in 3 case-control populations, from Spain. @entity2 , and UK, using a @entity7 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) 4 base pair (bp) insertion polymorphism. Genotyping was performed using fluorescent labeled polymerase chain reaction product sizing. Results. No significant differences were detected in @entity7 5'-UTR polymorphism allele frequencies between @entity5 @entity0 and matched controls in the 3 populations studied. CONCLUSION: The 4 bp insertion polymorphism within the @entity7 gene does not appear to be associated with @entity5 . However, this does not rule out the possible involvement of @entity7 in the disease pathogenesis.

title: Transforming growth factor-12 polymorphism and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is an uncommon @entity1 of salivary glands. The treatment of choice for these @entity1 is considered by some to be radical surgery, combined in many centres with postoperative radiotherapy. The goal of such treatment is local control and preservation of function. AIMS: The aim of the retrospective study was to analyse the results of surgery for @entity0 with @entity3 treated at the Institute of Oncology in Gliwice during the period of 1970-1989. MATERIAL: The analysed group includes 47 @entity0 with @entity3 . All @entity0 underwent macro- and microscopically proven radical resection of the @entity2 located in major or minor salivary glands. RESULTS: Five- and 10-year survival rate was 85% and 47%, respectively, and 5-year disease-free survival rate was 79%. As the group of @entity0 treated with surgery and radiotherapy was too small (nine cases), the results of combined treatment were not analysed. Local recurrence after surgery occurred in 21% of @entity0 in different time intervals (even as long as 10 years after completion of treatment). CONCLUSION: High risk of local recurrence after surgery suggests that postoperative radiotherapy should always be given. Late development of local recurrences suggests that follow-up should be for a minimum of 10 years.

title: Outcome of surgery for XXXX of head and neck region.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: During the past 15 years many retrospective studies and prospective randomized trials have been published supporting the use of breast conserving treatment (BCT) including surgery and radiotherapy. However, there are still many controversies on the necessary amount of resection, the width of the resection margins and the optimal radiation technique, dose and volume, in particular of the boost. In this retrospective study a large cohort of 410 @entity1 with early @entity0 treated with BCT including an interstitial brachytherapy (BT) boost is evaluated after a long follow-up period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to clarify the impact of the different treatment-related factors on local control, these were carefully discriminated, based on widely accepted classification and reporting systems for surgery as well as for radiotherapy. The surgical approach was classified according to EORTC criteria and a high rate of quadrantectomies (60%) was found. Dose and volume of interstitial BT is reported according to recommendations of ICRU 58, and reveals a significant radiation dose and volume: minimum target dose, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and '85% of @entity3 ' for low-dose rate (LDR) BT was mean 20, 28 and 24 Gy, for high-dose rate (HDR) BT it was mean '10, 15 and 13 Gy, respectively; the treated volume was 104 cc for LDR BT and 83 cc for HDR BT. RESULTS: The actuarial rates for overall survival, disease-free survival and disease-specific survival were 97, 90 and 98% at 5 years and 85, 79 and 92% at 10 years. There have been only 16 breast recurrences in 410 treated @entity1 resulting in a 5- and 10-year actuarial local recurrence rate of 2 and 3.9%, respectively; six recurrences (1.5%) were in the original quadrant. Except age and menopausal status, all @entity2 - and @entity1 -related risk factors had no significant impact on local control. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that intensive BCT leads to excellent long-term results in terms of local control, masking classical risk factors. This high-dose and large-volume interstitial BT seems to be superior to classical BCT without BT.

title: Long-term results (10 years) of intensive breast conserving therapy including a high-dose and large-volume interstitial brachytherapy boost (LDR/HDR) for T1/T2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Inhaled @entity4 agonists are by far the most effective and safe bronchodilators currently available. They have not been surpassed by any other bronchodilating principle. The way to this position has been long and started with the first successful treatment of acute, severe @entity2 with s.c. injections of adrenaline 100 years ago. Over the years, synthetic congeners of adrenaline have been produced and tested for their pharmacological properties. During the first decades, little attention was given airway smooth muscle. The discovery of @entity5 in 1940 was the first major step towards selective bronchodilation. This compound became a key tool for the classification of adrenoceptors into alpha and beta. Salbutamol and @entity6 were the first to show a significant attenuation of the cardiostimulant effect and confirmed the subdivision of beta-adrenoceptors into @entity8 and beta(2). Much effort was made to eliminate the next dose-limiting side effect, skeletal muscle @entity1 but in vain. Prolonged duration of action was achieved in three ways: with @entity10 , an orally active @entity11 prodrug of @entity6 , @entity9 , an inhaled @entity4 agonist emerging from a purposeful research project, and @entity7 which was found, accidentally, to have a long duration of action when inhaled. Throughout the 20th century, beta-adrenoceptor agonists have been developed and marketed as racemates. The pharmacological activity usually resides in the (R)-enantiomer. Despite claims for the opposite, there is so far no compelling evidence that the presence of the less active (S)-enantiomer is of any harm to the @entity0 . One hundred years of experience of structural modifications of @entity3 has shown that the possibilities to modify the properties of this endogenous prototype appear to be unlimited.

title: Beta-adrenoceptor agonists and XXXX --100 years of development.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of @entity2 induction with @entity4 and @entity5 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance, we compared the technique with intravenous @entity3 anesthesia. METHODS: Forty @entity0 scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) were assigned to two groups. Anesthesia was induced with @entity2 of 5% @entity4 and 67% @entity5 in @entity1 (group S: n = 20) or intravenous injection of 1% @entity3 at the rate of 1200 ml.h(-1) with spontaneous inhalation of 67% @entity5 in @entity1 until the @entity0 lost consciousness or received @entity3 up to 2 mg.kg(-1) (group P: n = 20). We attempted to insert an LMA when the @entity0 's jaw relaxation was adequate. We compared induction times, recovery times, occurrence of adverse events, and @entity0 satisfaction between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean time to insertion of the LMA was significantly shorter in group P (209 +/- 118 s) than in group S (302 +/- 102 s; P < 0.05). The recovery times did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no serious side effects during the induction and recovery period in either group. Significantly more @entity0 in group P than in group S wanted to have the same anesthetic method (90% vs 50%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity4 and 67% @entity5 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance was safely performed without serious adverse events. However, the induction time was shorter and @entity0 satisfaction was higher in @entity3 group than in the inhalational group.

title: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% XXXX and 67% @entity5 : comparison with intravenous injection of @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of @entity2 induction with @entity4 and @entity5 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance, we compared the technique with intravenous @entity3 anesthesia. METHODS: Forty @entity0 scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) were assigned to two groups. Anesthesia was induced with @entity2 of 5% @entity4 and 67% @entity5 in @entity1 (group S: n = 20) or intravenous injection of 1% @entity3 at the rate of 1200 ml.h(-1) with spontaneous inhalation of 67% @entity5 in @entity1 until the @entity0 lost consciousness or received @entity3 up to 2 mg.kg(-1) (group P: n = 20). We attempted to insert an LMA when the @entity0 's jaw relaxation was adequate. We compared induction times, recovery times, occurrence of adverse events, and @entity0 satisfaction between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean time to insertion of the LMA was significantly shorter in group P (209 +/- 118 s) than in group S (302 +/- 102 s; P < 0.05). The recovery times did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no serious side effects during the induction and recovery period in either group. Significantly more @entity0 in group P than in group S wanted to have the same anesthetic method (90% vs 50%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity4 and 67% @entity5 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance was safely performed without serious adverse events. However, the induction time was shorter and @entity0 satisfaction was higher in @entity3 group than in the inhalational group.

title: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity4 and 67% XXXX : comparison with intravenous injection of @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of @entity2 induction with @entity4 and @entity5 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance, we compared the technique with intravenous @entity3 anesthesia. METHODS: Forty @entity0 scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) were assigned to two groups. Anesthesia was induced with @entity2 of 5% @entity4 and 67% @entity5 in @entity1 (group S: n = 20) or intravenous injection of 1% @entity3 at the rate of 1200 ml.h(-1) with spontaneous inhalation of 67% @entity5 in @entity1 until the @entity0 lost consciousness or received @entity3 up to 2 mg.kg(-1) (group P: n = 20). We attempted to insert an LMA when the @entity0 's jaw relaxation was adequate. We compared induction times, recovery times, occurrence of adverse events, and @entity0 satisfaction between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean time to insertion of the LMA was significantly shorter in group P (209 +/- 118 s) than in group S (302 +/- 102 s; P < 0.05). The recovery times did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no serious side effects during the induction and recovery period in either group. Significantly more @entity0 in group P than in group S wanted to have the same anesthetic method (90% vs 50%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity4 and 67% @entity5 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance was safely performed without serious adverse events. However, the induction time was shorter and @entity0 satisfaction was higher in @entity3 group than in the inhalational group.

title: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity4 and 67% @entity5 : comparison with intravenous injection of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A major problem with implantable sensors is their short in vivo lifetime, due to strong tissue reactions (i.e., @entity1 and @entity2 ) caused by the implant and the failure of sensor components. The tissue reactions to the sensor, the biocompatibility of components, and the function of the sensor must be evaluated by using in vivo models. Current methods of in vivo biosensor testing are time- and labor- intensive and expensive. In addition, the results often vary on the basis of the surgical skills of the investigator. The in ova chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the developing @entity4 embryo was previously developed in our laboratory as a novel in vivo system to test biomaterials. In this new article, we describe a novel approach for testing biosensors in vivo using the ex ova CAM model as an alternative to the traditional @entity0 models. Fertilized @entity4 eggs were incubated for 3 days in ova and then transferred into a petri dish (ex ova) for further incubation at 37 degrees C and 80% humidity. After 1 week of incubation, @entity3 biosensors, used as model sensors, were placed on top of the CAM and allowed to incorporate for 1 week. Biosensors were then tested for their sensitivity to @entity3 . CAM venules were injected with 0.2 mL of a 3.6 mM @entity3 solution. The current produced by the sensor reflected the change in blood @entity3 levels. Sensors were also assessed by using gross and histological evaluations. We previously reported on the similarity of the tissue response of the CAM with the @entity0 models. The low cost, simplicity, and possibility to continuously visualize the sensor test site through a cell culture dish make this animal model particularly attractive for the rapid in vivo screening of biosensors.

title: Ex ova XXXX chorioallantoic membrane as a novel in vivo model for testing biosensors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is an antineoplastic agent that has been shown to decrease scar tissue after ophthalmologic surgery. Our goal was to determine whether the application of @entity3 at the conclusion of sinus surgery decreases the incidence of @entity1 formation. METHODS: At the completion of endoscopic sinus surgery in 55 @entity0 , a @entity4 pledget saturated with 1 mL of 0.4 mg/mL @entity3 was placed for 4 minutes in the right or left middle meatus and a similar saline-soaked pledget was placed on the opposite side. @entity0 were examined postoperatively by a masked observer for the presence of @entity5 and mucosal changes. RESULTS: Postoperative adhesions were observed in 16 @entity0 (29%) with a mean follow-up of 4.1 months. These adhesions were bilateral in 6 @entity0 (10.9%) and unilateral in 10 @entity0 (18%). Unilateral adhesions were observed on only 2 sides (3.6%) treated with @entity3 and 8 controls (14.5%) (P = 0.058). No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 was found to be safe to use during sinus surgery, and it may reduce the incidence of postoperative adhesions at the dosage used in this study. SIGNIFICANCE: Because of the observed trend toward decreased @entity5 formation with @entity3 application, further trials using higher concentrations and application times are warranted.

title: XXXX for the prevention of adhesion formation after endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, controlled study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that prolongation of the QRS duration (>120 ms) is an independent risk factor for mortality in @entity0 with @entity2 . The purpose of this study was to examine the association between QRS duration and survival in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis to examine the association between QRS prolongation (> or =120 ms) and mortality. The study population included 669 @entity0 with @entity3 . Two groups, on the basis of baseline QRS duration <120 milliseconds or > or =120 milliseconds, were identified. The groups were compared with respect to total mortality and @entity5 . Subgroups were also stratified by @entity4 and @entity4 , ejection fraction (EF) <30% and > or =30% to 40%, @entity1 and @entity2 , @entity6 and placebo. RESULTS: Prolonged QRS was associated with a significant increase in mortality (49.3% vs 34.0%, P =.0001) and @entity5 (24.8% vs 17.4%, P =.0004). @entity4 was associated with worse survival (P =.006) but not @entity5 . In @entity0 with an EF <30%, QRS prolongation continued to be associated with a significant increase in mortality (51.6% vs 41.1%, P =.01) and @entity5 (28.8% vs 21.1%, P =.02). In those with an EF of 30% to 40%, QRS prolongation was associated with a significant increase in mortality (42.7% vs 23.3%, P =.0036) but not in @entity5 (13.3% vs 12.0%, P =.625). After adjustment for baseline variables, independent predictors of mortality were found to be prolongation of QRS (P =.0028, risk ratio 1.46) and depressed EF (P =.0001, risk ratio 0.965). Age, type of @entity2 , and drug treatment group were not predictive of mortality. CONCLUSION: QRS prolongation is an independent predictor of both increased total mortality and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: QRS duration and mortality in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that prolongation of the QRS duration (>120 ms) is an independent risk factor for mortality in @entity0 with @entity2 . The purpose of this study was to examine the association between QRS duration and survival in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis to examine the association between QRS prolongation (> or =120 ms) and mortality. The study population included 669 @entity0 with @entity3 . Two groups, on the basis of baseline QRS duration <120 milliseconds or > or =120 milliseconds, were identified. The groups were compared with respect to total mortality and @entity5 . Subgroups were also stratified by @entity4 and @entity4 , ejection fraction (EF) <30% and > or =30% to 40%, @entity1 and @entity2 , @entity6 and placebo. RESULTS: Prolonged QRS was associated with a significant increase in mortality (49.3% vs 34.0%, P =.0001) and @entity5 (24.8% vs 17.4%, P =.0004). @entity4 was associated with worse survival (P =.006) but not @entity5 . In @entity0 with an EF <30%, QRS prolongation continued to be associated with a significant increase in mortality (51.6% vs 41.1%, P =.01) and @entity5 (28.8% vs 21.1%, P =.02). In those with an EF of 30% to 40%, QRS prolongation was associated with a significant increase in mortality (42.7% vs 23.3%, P =.0036) but not in @entity5 (13.3% vs 12.0%, P =.625). After adjustment for baseline variables, independent predictors of mortality were found to be prolongation of QRS (P =.0028, risk ratio 1.46) and depressed EF (P =.0001, risk ratio 0.965). Age, type of @entity2 , and drug treatment group were not predictive of mortality. CONCLUSION: QRS prolongation is an independent predictor of both increased total mortality and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: QRS duration and mortality in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 is an extremely rare @entity5 in which the larvae of incomplete differentiated sparganum proliferate in the @entity0 bone. We present the first case of @entity6 arising in the long bone. The @entity0 was a 51-year-old @entity0 who complained of a slow growing painful mass on his right leg. The radiographic findings showed an infiltrative @entity4 with speckled calcification at the proximal tibia the clinical diagnosis of which favored @entity3 . Incisional biopsy revealed an innumerable number of small globular shapes, whitish parasites. Histologically, the parasites were composed of a few layers of smooth muscle and several calcerous bodies that were enclosed within a single row of tegumental cells. The latter exhibited a wavy appearance and coated with microvilli. These morphologic findings confirmed the nature of these maldifferentiated larvae. The @entity0 was treated by partial resection of the lesion. This should remind clinicians that @entity2 of the bone can produce a @entity1 -like lesion.

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to characterize long-term progression-free survivors (LTPFS) of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) following @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and to assess the influence of chemotherapy dose in order to identify @entity1 who derive major benefit from this approach. @entity1 AND METHODS: We compared @entity1 and @entity2 characteristics of 16 LTPFS with the characteristics of 118 @entity0 @entity1 who received @entity4 with ASCT at our institution between 1992 and 2000. To estimate the cumulative dose of chemotherapy received, the summation dose intensity product (SDIP) of the different chemotherapy regimens was calculated as recently described by Hryniuk et al. The SDIP of the induction regimens was added to that of the @entity4 regimens to yield the total SDIP of the chemotherapy received. Multivariate analysis was performed to describe the influence of the total SDIP and other prognostic factors on progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: LTPFS were mostly < or = 50 years of age and had limited, chemotherapy-sensitive, hormone-responsive @entity0 . Due to an apparent dose-survival relationship, an increase by 10 units (U) in the SDIP increased the PFS time by 3 months. Independent predictors of an improved PFS were positive @entity3 receptors (P = 0.001), positive combined hormone receptors (P = 0.020), and a complete remission/no evidence of disease status after @entity4 (P < 0.001). In @entity1 who had a disease-free interval (DFI) >24 months after primary surgery, an SDIP of >55 U was independently associated with a longer PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.73; 95% confidence interval 1.29-5.81; P = 0.009]. CONCLUSION: @entity4 can achieve long-term PFS in young @entity0 @entity1 with limited, hormone-responsive and chemotherapy-sensitive disease. After a DFI >24 months, a longer PFS is associated with a higher chemotherapy dose as measured by SDIP. These retrospective analyses suggest SDIP might be a tool for studying cumulative dose as a determinant of outcome of @entity0 chemotherapy. Thus far, however, we cannot clearly identify any subgroup of @entity0 @entity1 in whom @entity4 with ASCT is of particular benefit.

title: Characteristics associated with long-term progression-free survival following @entity4 in XXXX and influence of chemotherapy dose.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to characterize long-term progression-free survivors (LTPFS) of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) following @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and to assess the influence of chemotherapy dose in order to identify @entity1 who derive major benefit from this approach. @entity1 AND METHODS: We compared @entity1 and @entity2 characteristics of 16 LTPFS with the characteristics of 118 @entity0 @entity1 who received @entity4 with ASCT at our institution between 1992 and 2000. To estimate the cumulative dose of chemotherapy received, the summation dose intensity product (SDIP) of the different chemotherapy regimens was calculated as recently described by Hryniuk et al. The SDIP of the induction regimens was added to that of the @entity4 regimens to yield the total SDIP of the chemotherapy received. Multivariate analysis was performed to describe the influence of the total SDIP and other prognostic factors on progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: LTPFS were mostly < or = 50 years of age and had limited, chemotherapy-sensitive, hormone-responsive @entity0 . Due to an apparent dose-survival relationship, an increase by 10 units (U) in the SDIP increased the PFS time by 3 months. Independent predictors of an improved PFS were positive @entity3 receptors (P = 0.001), positive combined hormone receptors (P = 0.020), and a complete remission/no evidence of disease status after @entity4 (P < 0.001). In @entity1 who had a disease-free interval (DFI) >24 months after primary surgery, an SDIP of >55 U was independently associated with a longer PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.73; 95% confidence interval 1.29-5.81; P = 0.009]. CONCLUSION: @entity4 can achieve long-term PFS in young @entity0 @entity1 with limited, hormone-responsive and chemotherapy-sensitive disease. After a DFI >24 months, a longer PFS is associated with a higher chemotherapy dose as measured by SDIP. These retrospective analyses suggest SDIP might be a tool for studying cumulative dose as a determinant of outcome of @entity0 chemotherapy. Thus far, however, we cannot clearly identify any subgroup of @entity0 @entity1 in whom @entity4 with ASCT is of particular benefit.

title: Characteristics associated with long-term progression-free survival following XXXX in @entity0 and influence of chemotherapy dose.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is frequent and severe in @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity2 may contribute by promoting @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing sevelamer, a non-absorbed polymer, with @entity4 -based @entity7 binders in 200 hemodialysis @entity0 . Study outcomes included the targeted concentrations of serum @entity9 , @entity4 , and intact @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity6 of the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta using a @entity6 score derived from electron beam tomography. RESULTS: Sevelamer and @entity4 provided equivalent control of serum @entity9 (end-of-study values 5.1 +/- 1.2 and 5.1 +/- 1.4 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.33). Serum @entity4 concentration was significantly higher in the @entity4 -treated group (P = 0.002), and @entity8 was more common (16% vs. 5% with sevelamer, P = 0.04). More subjects in the @entity4 group had end-of-study intact @entity5 below the target of 150 to 300 pg/mL (57% vs. 30%, P = 0.001). At study completion, the median absolute @entity4 score in the coronary arteries and aorta increased significantly in the @entity4 treated subjects but not in the sevelamer-treated subjects (coronary arteries 36.6 vs. 0, P = 0.03 and aorta 75.1 vs. 0, P = 0.01, respectively). The median percent change in coronary artery (25% vs. 6%, P = 0.02) and aortic (28% vs. 5%, P = 0.02) @entity4 score also was significantly greater with @entity4 than with sevelamer. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity4 -based @entity7 binders, sevelamer is less likely to cause @entity8 , low levels of @entity5 , and progressive coronary and aortic @entity6 in hemodialysis @entity0 .

title: Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic XXXX in hemodialysis @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is frequent and severe in @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity2 may contribute by promoting @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing sevelamer, a non-absorbed polymer, with @entity4 -based @entity7 binders in 200 hemodialysis @entity0 . Study outcomes included the targeted concentrations of serum @entity9 , @entity4 , and intact @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity6 of the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta using a @entity6 score derived from electron beam tomography. RESULTS: Sevelamer and @entity4 provided equivalent control of serum @entity9 (end-of-study values 5.1 +/- 1.2 and 5.1 +/- 1.4 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.33). Serum @entity4 concentration was significantly higher in the @entity4 -treated group (P = 0.002), and @entity8 was more common (16% vs. 5% with sevelamer, P = 0.04). More subjects in the @entity4 group had end-of-study intact @entity5 below the target of 150 to 300 pg/mL (57% vs. 30%, P = 0.001). At study completion, the median absolute @entity4 score in the coronary arteries and aorta increased significantly in the @entity4 treated subjects but not in the sevelamer-treated subjects (coronary arteries 36.6 vs. 0, P = 0.03 and aorta 75.1 vs. 0, P = 0.01, respectively). The median percent change in coronary artery (25% vs. 6%, P = 0.02) and aortic (28% vs. 5%, P = 0.02) @entity4 score also was significantly greater with @entity4 than with sevelamer. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity4 -based @entity7 binders, sevelamer is less likely to cause @entity8 , low levels of @entity5 , and progressive coronary and aortic @entity6 in hemodialysis @entity0 .

title: Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic @entity6 in hemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or sclerosing sweat duct @entity1 , is an uncommon, locally aggressive @entity1 . It typically involves the upper lip or face of middle-aged adults and rarely involves the scalp. It is characterized histologically by both pilar and eccrine differentiation and is associated with frequent perineural invasion. @entity2 is frequently misdiagnosed because of its bland and asymptomatic clinical presentation. In addition, its defining histologic features may be missed with a superficial biopsy. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of @entity2 in the scalp treated with Mohs surgery. We describe a case with extensive pilar differentiation and clear cell changes. In addition, the clinical and histologic characteristics of this rare @entity1 are reviewed. METHODS: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) was performed on this @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1 was successfully excised in one surgery (five stages) and is without evidence of recurrence at 18 months. CONCLUSION: We present a case of @entity2 of the scalp in a 64-year-old white @entity0 treated successfully with @entity3 .

title: @entity2 ( XXXX ) of the scalp with extensive pilar differentiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or sclerosing sweat duct @entity1 , is an uncommon, locally aggressive @entity1 . It typically involves the upper lip or face of middle-aged adults and rarely involves the scalp. It is characterized histologically by both pilar and eccrine differentiation and is associated with frequent perineural invasion. @entity2 is frequently misdiagnosed because of its bland and asymptomatic clinical presentation. In addition, its defining histologic features may be missed with a superficial biopsy. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of @entity2 in the scalp treated with Mohs surgery. We describe a case with extensive pilar differentiation and clear cell changes. In addition, the clinical and histologic characteristics of this rare @entity1 are reviewed. METHODS: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) was performed on this @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1 was successfully excised in one surgery (five stages) and is without evidence of recurrence at 18 months. CONCLUSION: We present a case of @entity2 of the scalp in a 64-year-old white @entity0 treated successfully with @entity3 .

title: XXXX ( @entity2 ) of the scalp with extensive pilar differentiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a prospective study, the accuracy of predicting the presence or absence of unilateral or bilateral impalpable testes from a clinical examination, particularly whether the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is hypertrophied. @entity0 AND METHODS: Whether the @entity1 were palpable, and the size of the @entity1 , were determined before surgery in a series of @entity0 , and compared with age-matched controls. Between 1992 and 2000, 100 impalpable testes in 86 consecutive @entity0 (mean age at orchidopexy 45 months, range 6-223; 66% <36 months) were evaluated and treated. In addition to the presence or absence of palpable @entity1 , the size of the @entity1 , when present, and the intraoperative findings were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the probability of the presence or absence of the @entity2 , as determined by the preoperative clinical findings alone. RESULTS: Of the 86 testes that were located at surgery, 50 (58%) were intracanalicular, 28 (32%) intra-abdominal and the remainder (10%) were in the superficial inguinal pouch. Of 13 @entity0 with the ' @entity2 ', the @entity5 testicle was intracanalicular in nine, in the upper scrotum in three and intra-abdominal in only one. All viable testes were successfully relocated in the scrotum, with one @entity5 after surgery. The positive predictive value ( @entity4 , with 95% confidence interval) of a @entity2 being present when the ipsilateral appendages were palpable and the @entity1 was not hypertrophied was 0.93 (0.83-0.97). Conversely, the @entity4 of the impalpable @entity2 being absent when the appendages were impalpable and the @entity1 was hypertrophied was 0.95 (0.64-0.99). CONCLUSION: When evaluating and surgically treating impalpable testes, the presence of palpable @entity1 and a @entity1 with no @entity3 is associated with a 93% likelihood of discovering a @entity2 that can be successfully relocated to the scrotum. Conversely, when the @entity1 cannot be palpated and the @entity1 is hypertrophied, there is a 96% probability that the impalpable @entity2 is absent ( @entity2 ). This readily available information may be valuable in preoperative counselling and planning.

title: The presence or absence of an impalpable XXXX can be predicted from clinical observations alone.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Muscle denervation is common in various @entity6 and after @entity1 . It induces skeletal @entity4 . Only muscle reinnervation leads to functional recovery. In previous studies, denervated adult @entity0 muscles were rescued by transplantation of embryonic day 14-15 (E14-15) ventral spinal cord cells into a nearby peripheral nerve. In the present study, changes were made in the environment into which the cells were placed to test whether reinnervation was improved by: 1) prior @entity2 , induced by sciatic nerve transection 1 week before cell transplantation; 2) transplantation of 1 million versus 5 million cells; 3) addition of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) to the transplant. Ten weeks after cell transplantation, axons had grown from all of the transplants. The numbers of myelinated axons that regenerated into the tibial, medial (MG), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) nerves were similar across treatments. The mean diameters of large @entity7 axons (>6 microm) were significantly larger with @entity2 before transplantation. The mean diameters of MG and @entity7 axons were significantly larger with transplantation of 1 million versus 5 million cells. @entity3 -stained experimental and control lateral gastronemius (LG) muscles showed axons that terminated at motor end plates. Nodal and terminal sprouts were more common in reinnervated muscles (45-63% of all end plates) than in control muscles (10%). Electrical stimulation of the transplants induced weak contractions in 39 of 47 MG muscles (83%) and 33 of 46 LG muscles (72%) but at higher voltages than needed to excite control muscles. The threshold for MG contraction was lower with transplantation of 1 million cells, while LG thresholds were lower without @entity5 . The cross-sectional area of whole LG muscles was significantly larger with cell transplantation (immediate or delayed) than with media alone, but all of these muscle areas were reduced significantly compared with control muscle areas. These data suggest that delayed transplantation of fewer cells without @entity5 assists regeneration of larger diameter axons and prevents some @entity4 .

title: Muscle reinnervation with delayed or immediate transplant of embryonic ventral spinal cord cells into adult XXXX peripheral nerve.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Multipotential stem cells are an attractive choice for cell therapy after @entity2 ( @entity2 ), as replacement of multiple cell types may be required for functional recovery. In the present study, neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the germinal zone of E14.5 GFP-expressing @entity0 brains were cultured as neurospheres in @entity4 -enhanced medium. When @entity4 was removed in vitro, NSCs expressed phenotypic markers for neurons. astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and exhibited @entity3 in the presence of adsorbed fibronectin (FN). NSCs (10(5) cells) were transplanted into @entity0 brains 1 week after a unilateral, controlled, @entity2 (depth = 1 mm, velocity = 6 m/s, duration = 150 ms) (n = 19). NSCs were injected either directly into the @entity1 with or without an injectable FN-based scaffold [collagen I (CnI)/FN gel; n = 14] or into the striatum below the @entity1 (n = 5). At all time points examined (1 week to 3 months posttransplant), GFP+ cells were confined to the ipsilateral host brain tissue. At 1 week, cells injected into the @entity1 lined the injury penumbra while cells inserted directly into the striatum remained in or around the needle track. Striatal transplants had a lower number of surviving GFP+ cells relative to cavity injections at the 1 week time point (p < 0.01). At the longer survival times (3 weeks-3 months), 63-76% of transplanted cells migrated into the fimbria hippocampus regardless of injection site, perhaps due to cues from the degenerating hippocampus. Furthermore, cells injected into the cavity within a FN-containing matrix showed increased survival and migration at 3 weeks (p < 0.05 for both) relative to injections of cells alone. These results suggest that @entity4 -responsive NSCs present a promising approach for cellular therapy following trauma and that the transplant location and environment may play an important role in graft survival and integration.

title: Fibronectin promotes survival and migration of primary neural stem cells transplanted into the traumatically injured XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In acute @entity1 inhaled beta-agonists are often administered to relieve @entity3 by wet nebulisation, but some have argued that metered-dose inhalers with a holding chamber (spacer) can be equally effective. In the community setting nebulisers are more expensive, require a power source and need regular maintenance. OBJECTIVES: There is controversy as to whether wet nebulisers are better than metered dose inhalers with holding chambers to deliver @entity2 -agonist medications for acute @entity1 . Comparisons of hospital and home use are also of interest. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of holding chambers compared to nebulisers for the delivery of @entity2 -agonists for acute @entity1 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials in adults and @entity0 (from two years of age) with @entity1 , where holding chamber @entity2 -agonist delivery was compared with wet nebulisation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently applied study inclusion criteria (one reviewer for the first version of the review), extracted the data and assessed trial quality. Missing data were obtained from the authors or estimated. MAIN RESULTS: This review has been updated in 2001 to include 4 new trials and has now analysed 880 @entity0 and 444 adults included in 21 trials. Method of delivery of @entity2 -agonist did not appear to affect hospital admission rates. In adults, the relative risk of admission for holding chamber versus nebuliser was 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.56 to 1.38). The relative risk for @entity0 was 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 1.06). One study in @entity0 found a significantly shorter length of stay in the emergency department when the holding chamber was used, with a weighted mean difference of -0.62 hours, 95% confidence interval -0.84 to -0.40 hours. Adults' length of stay in the emergency department was similar for the two delivery methods. Peak flow and forced expiratory volume were also similar for the two delivery methods. Pulse rate was lower for holding chamber in @entity0 , weighted mean difference -7.8% baseline (95% confidence interval -10.2 to -5.3). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Metered-dose inhalers with holding chamber produced outcomes that were at least equivalent to nebuliser delivery. Holding chambers may have some advantages compared to nebulisers for @entity0 with acute @entity1 .

title: Holding chambers versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the pattern of lymphatic @entity1 found by combined thoracoscopic (TS) and laparoscopic (LS) lymph node staging in @entity3 , and ascertain whether clinicopathologic factors may be used to guide the clinical practice of combined TS and LS staging. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in a series of 76 @entity3 @entity0 who had undergone both TS and LS staging before treatment. The correlation of TS and @entity7 with clinicopathologic factors was analyzed, including the clinical T stage, clinical N stage, @entity2 location, and histology. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity0 (40.8%) were found to have lymphatic metastasis by TS and LS staging. Among them, 22 @entity0 had abdominal lymph node @entity1 , 7 @entity0 had mediastinal lymph node @entity1 , and 2 @entity0 had both. @entity0 with @entity6 stage (T3 to T4) or @entity4 had a higher frequency of abdominal lymphatic @entity1 than @entity0 with early T stage (T1 to T2) (39% vs 16%; p = 0.04) or @entity5 (39% vs 20%; p = 0.079), respectively. @entity0 with clinical abdominal N1 stage had a higher incidence of positive laparoscopic finding than @entity0 with clinical abdominal N0 stage (67% vs 23%; p = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between lymphatic @entity1 and the location of the @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Clinicopathologic factors, including the histologic type, the clinical T stage, and abdominal N stage, may affect the outcome of TS and LS lymph node staging in @entity3 @entity0 . This clinicopathologic impact may play a role for the selection of candidates for TS and LS staging, and also allows surgeons to focus their attention on the most likely high-yield biopsy targets.

title: Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic lymph node staging in XXXX : do clinicopathological factors affect the outcome?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: A-Type and B-type natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones whose circulating levels reflect the severity of @entity1 . It is not known how plasma levels of these hormones respond to changes in cardiac function that occur as a result of treatment with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) inhibitors. METHODS: @entity3 was administered at 5 mg/d for 3 months in 24 @entity0 with @entity1 , and for the next 3 months at 15 mg/d in the high-dose group (n = 12) and 5 mg/d in the low-dose group (n = 12). We measured plasma levels of A-type or B-type natriuretic peptides, as well as conventional measures of cardiac function, such as the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and percent fractional shortening. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) plasma levels of both hormones decreased promptly after 2 weeks of therapy (A-type natriuretic peptide: 140 +/- 107 pg/mL to 81 +/- 68 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 305 +/- 278 pg/mL to 190 +/- 178 pg/mL, P = 0.01). These reductions were sustained throughout therapy. In contrast, the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and percent fractional shortening had not changed significantly after 3 months of treatment, although improvements were seen after 6 months of treatment. After 6 months, plasma levels of both A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides were significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (A-type natriuretic peptide: 48 +/- 25 pg/mL vs. 57 +/- 27 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 78 +/- 58 pg/mL vs. 139 +/- 61 pg/mL, P = 0.005), whereas no significant differences were observed in the other measures of cardiac function. CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides appear to be more sensitive markers of @entity1 than conventional echocardiographic parameters and cardiothoracic ratios. Measurement of these hormones might be useful for monitoring the effects of treatment with @entity2 inhibitors.

title: B-type natriuretic peptide as a marker of the effects of XXXX in @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity3