abstract: @entity0 who have recovered from @entity1 are at an increased risk of secondary @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and overt @entity5 is frequently preceded by a @entity4 . Although the statistical risk is significant, only a minority of the @entity0 will be so affected. We have reviewed peripheral blood counts of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) treated in the Departments of Hematology at the Edith Wolfson and Chaim Sheba Medical Centers, Israel. Included were only those who went into a complete remission and remained @entity1 free for extended periods. There were 85 @entity0 with @entity2 and 36 with @entity3 . In both groups peripheral blood counts at diagnosis were within the normal range. A prolonged follow-up (> 4 y), during which no further treatment was given, revealed a sustained increment over time of MCV (delta MCV) both in @entity2 and @entity3 . A persistent @entity6 in @entity2 @entity0 was also evident. delta MCV was larger in @entity2 . The difference at the end of the follow-up period was as follows: 10.1 fl + 11.8 in @entity2 vs 5.0 fl + 6.2 in @entity3 , (P < 0.001). In addition, a significant loss of the normal correlation between the MCV and levels of hemoglobin was seen at the last follow-up. The change in MCV was present in all treatment groups, its magnitude increasing from radiotherapy to chemotherapy to combined radio chemotherapy. This trend is in analogy to the risk of secondary @entity5 which is lower in @entity3 vs @entity2 . Furthermore, it is lowest post radiotherapy and highest when both treatment modalities are used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Persistent abnormalities in red cell parameters following treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons, originating in the brainstem and terminating in the dorsal horn, modulate the spinal processing of nociception. The inhibitory effects of @entity2 (NE) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on elements of nociceptive transmission may be direct, or secondary to the release of neuromodulators such as opioid peptides. Two major criteria have been used in pharmacological studies of spinal opioid and @entity3 interactions: the ability of opioid antagonists to attenuate the antinociceptive effects evoked by stimulating the release of endogenous NE and @entity1 in the lumbar spinal cord, or by the intrathecal injection of exogenous NE and @entity1 ; and the development of cross tolerance between opioids and each of NE and @entity1 . Evidence regarding the spinal interaction between opioids and @entity3 in mediating behavioural analgesia is reviewed. Recent results from this laboratory indicate that IT @entity5 but not @entity5 produces dose-dependent antagonism of IT NE-induced antinociception in the @entity0 . This effect was not due to @entity6 . In @entity0 made tolerant to spinal @entity4 using continuous IT infusion, the antinociceptive effect of continuous IT NE was significantly attenuated. However, no cross tolerance was observed between @entity4 and @entity1 . Observations from a variety of studies support the hypothesis of a spinal opioid link which contributes, in part, to NE-induced antinociception. However, this interaction remains to be conclusively established.

title: XXXX and opioid interactions in spinal analgesia and tolerance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The induction of DNA adducts and @entity2 in the lungs of strain A/J @entity1 has been investigated following the single i.p. administration of each of the following @entity3 ( @entity4 ): @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity9 . DNA adducts were measured by 32P-postlabeling at times between 1 and 21 days following injection, while @entity2 were counted at 240 days after treatment. @entity6 did not induce either DNA adducts or lung @entity2 at any of the doses examined. Each of the remaining @entity4 induced both @entity2 and DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, with @entity7 > @entity10 > @entity9 > @entity5 > @entity8 . DNA adducts reached maximal levels between 3 and 9 days after injection, followed by a gradual decrease. The time-integrated DNA adduct level (TIDAL) was calculated by numerically integrating the areas under the adduct persistence curves extrapolated to 240 days for each @entity4 at each dose level. This value represents the effective total molecular dose of @entity4 that was delivered to the lung DNA over the entire course of tumorigenesis. A strong correlation of @entity2 induction with the TIDAL values was observed for each @entity4 . The @entity0 versus TIDAL value relationships were essentially identical for @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity5 , and @entity8 . The slope of this relationship for @entity7 was markedly greater. The essentially identical induction of @entity2 as a function of TIDAL values for these @entity4 suggests that the formation and persistence of DNA adducts determines their carcinogenic potency.

title: XXXX induced by @entity3 in strain A/J @entity1 lung correlate with time-integrated DNA adduct levels.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The induction of DNA adducts and @entity2 in the lungs of strain A/J @entity1 has been investigated following the single i.p. administration of each of the following @entity3 ( @entity4 ): @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity9 . DNA adducts were measured by 32P-postlabeling at times between 1 and 21 days following injection, while @entity2 were counted at 240 days after treatment. @entity6 did not induce either DNA adducts or lung @entity2 at any of the doses examined. Each of the remaining @entity4 induced both @entity2 and DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, with @entity7 > @entity10 > @entity9 > @entity5 > @entity8 . DNA adducts reached maximal levels between 3 and 9 days after injection, followed by a gradual decrease. The time-integrated DNA adduct level (TIDAL) was calculated by numerically integrating the areas under the adduct persistence curves extrapolated to 240 days for each @entity4 at each dose level. This value represents the effective total molecular dose of @entity4 that was delivered to the lung DNA over the entire course of tumorigenesis. A strong correlation of @entity2 induction with the TIDAL values was observed for each @entity4 . The @entity0 versus TIDAL value relationships were essentially identical for @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity5 , and @entity8 . The slope of this relationship for @entity7 was markedly greater. The essentially identical induction of @entity2 as a function of TIDAL values for these @entity4 suggests that the formation and persistence of DNA adducts determines their carcinogenic potency.

title: @entity2 induced by XXXX in strain A/J @entity1 lung correlate with time-integrated DNA adduct levels.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The induction of DNA adducts and @entity2 in the lungs of strain A/J @entity1 has been investigated following the single i.p. administration of each of the following @entity3 ( @entity4 ): @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity9 . DNA adducts were measured by 32P-postlabeling at times between 1 and 21 days following injection, while @entity2 were counted at 240 days after treatment. @entity6 did not induce either DNA adducts or lung @entity2 at any of the doses examined. Each of the remaining @entity4 induced both @entity2 and DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, with @entity7 > @entity10 > @entity9 > @entity5 > @entity8 . DNA adducts reached maximal levels between 3 and 9 days after injection, followed by a gradual decrease. The time-integrated DNA adduct level (TIDAL) was calculated by numerically integrating the areas under the adduct persistence curves extrapolated to 240 days for each @entity4 at each dose level. This value represents the effective total molecular dose of @entity4 that was delivered to the lung DNA over the entire course of tumorigenesis. A strong correlation of @entity2 induction with the TIDAL values was observed for each @entity4 . The @entity0 versus TIDAL value relationships were essentially identical for @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity5 , and @entity8 . The slope of this relationship for @entity7 was markedly greater. The essentially identical induction of @entity2 as a function of TIDAL values for these @entity4 suggests that the formation and persistence of DNA adducts determines their carcinogenic potency.

title: @entity2 induced by @entity3 in strain A/J XXXX lung correlate with time-integrated DNA adduct levels.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Factors influencing total coronary vascular resistance (CVR) during @entity1 were studied in 30 mongrel @entity0 . Complete isolation of the heart in situ was achieved by transection of all cardiac neural and vascular connections in 15 @entity0 (denervated, Group I). Cardiac innervation was maintained in the other 15 @entity0 using systemic normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (innervated, Group II). The aortic root was perfused with heparinized oxygenated blood at a constant flow rate at variable myocardial temperatures. Electromechanical arrest was achieved using @entity2 ( @entity3 ) (25 meq/liter) added to the coronary perfusate. In each group, 5 @entity0 were maintained at a flow rate of 10 cc/kg/min without @entity3 and allowed to beat spontaneously, another 5 at a flow rate of 10 cc/kg/min and arrested with @entity3 , and the remaining 5 at a flow rate of 5 cc/kg/min with @entity3 . Total coronary vascular resistance was calculated from aortic root pressure, right atrial pressure, and flow rate and expressed in units per 100 grams of cardiac tissue. At 37 degrees C, resistance was lower in the denervated arrested (1.3 +/- 0.2) than in the innervated arrested hearts (2.1 +/- 0.2) (P less than 0.001). Preservation of spontaneous electromechanical activity in the innervated hearts resulted in a lower resistance (0.4 +/- 0.1) (P less than 0.001). A progressive decrease in myocardial temperature to 15 degrees C resulted in a corresponding decrease in coronary vascular resistance to a plateau value (0.5 to 0.7 U) in all arrested groups. The data suggest that at normothermia, innervation increases vascular tone in the coronary vascular bed, while electromechanical activity decreases it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Factors influencing coronary vascular resistance during XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: During the past 3 years six episodes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have been identified in five @entity0 as a complication of upper extremity dialysis grafts. All @entity0 had long-standing @entity7 -dependent @entity1 , @entity6 , and brachial artery graft origins, whereas 60% had @entity5 . Five episodes occurred immediately after graft placement, whereas one was due to a graft-related thromboembolus. Diagnostic delay was common with initial findings attributed to anesthesia, positioning, or surgical @entity4 . Electrophysiologic studies showed underlying @entity8 with @entity2 distal to the grafts. Digital pressure indices were reduced but there was no critical @entity3 . In three cases @entity3 was completely corrected with improvement in one. One @entity0 had proximal balloon angioplasty with no improvement and of the two untreated @entity0 , one improved slightly. @entity3 is a rare but disabling complication of dialysis access in @entity1 @entity0 . Its occurrence is unpredictable and diagnostic delay is common. Correction of @entity3 is indicated but usually does not improve the @entity2 . Prevention requires further research to more accurately characterize the @entity0 at risk.

title: XXXX : an under-recognized complication of hemodialysis access.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 receptor ( @entity3 -A) is the most common receptor of fast synaptic inhibition in the @entity0 brain. Gamma protein encoded by the @entity4 gene is one of the subunits of the @entity3 -A receptor, which plays an essential role in the function of this receptor. Several studies have identified various @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 risk variants of @entity4 gene in different populations, but some others did not support these results. The aim of this case-control study is to investigate whether @entity4 polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility for @entity2 and @entity1 in pooled data of three cohorts, from Malaysia (composed of Malay, Chinese, and Indian), Hong Kong, and Korea. Furthermore, the pooled dataset of these cohorts with previous reports were meta-analyzed for determining the risk effect size of the @entity5 polymorphism on @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity10 polymorphisms were genotyped in the 6442 subjects (1729 @entity1 and 4713 controls). Results of the case-control study showed associations between @entity5 and the risk of @entity1 in the pooled data from all cohorts (T vs. C, p   =   3   *   10(-5), and TT vs. CC, p   =   2   *   10(-5)) and the risk of partial @entity2 in the combined data of Malaysia and Hong Kong (both T vs. C and TT vs. CC, p   =   2   *   10(-6)). The @entity5 - @entity6 and @entity8 - @entity9 - @entity10 haplotypes were also associated with susceptibility to @entity1 in Chinese. Meta-analysis of all Asians identified association between @entity5 and @entity2 and @entity1 (T vs. C, p   =   4   *   10(-4), and p   =   4   *   10(-3), respectively). In conclusion, @entity5 alone may be a risk factor for @entity2 , partial @entity2 , and @entity1 , and in linkage disequilibrium with @entity6 can contribute to @entity2 and @entity1 in Asians, particularly in Chinese.

title: Contribution of @entity4 Polymorphisms to Risk of XXXX : a Multicenter Cohort Study and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 receptor ( @entity3 -A) is the most common receptor of fast synaptic inhibition in the @entity0 brain. Gamma protein encoded by the @entity4 gene is one of the subunits of the @entity3 -A receptor, which plays an essential role in the function of this receptor. Several studies have identified various @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 risk variants of @entity4 gene in different populations, but some others did not support these results. The aim of this case-control study is to investigate whether @entity4 polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility for @entity2 and @entity1 in pooled data of three cohorts, from Malaysia (composed of Malay, Chinese, and Indian), Hong Kong, and Korea. Furthermore, the pooled dataset of these cohorts with previous reports were meta-analyzed for determining the risk effect size of the @entity5 polymorphism on @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity10 polymorphisms were genotyped in the 6442 subjects (1729 @entity1 and 4713 controls). Results of the case-control study showed associations between @entity5 and the risk of @entity1 in the pooled data from all cohorts (T vs. C, p   =   3   *   10(-5), and TT vs. CC, p   =   2   *   10(-5)) and the risk of partial @entity2 in the combined data of Malaysia and Hong Kong (both T vs. C and TT vs. CC, p   =   2   *   10(-6)). The @entity5 - @entity6 and @entity8 - @entity9 - @entity10 haplotypes were also associated with susceptibility to @entity1 in Chinese. Meta-analysis of all Asians identified association between @entity5 and @entity2 and @entity1 (T vs. C, p   =   4   *   10(-4), and p   =   4   *   10(-3), respectively). In conclusion, @entity5 alone may be a risk factor for @entity2 , partial @entity2 , and @entity1 , and in linkage disequilibrium with @entity6 can contribute to @entity2 and @entity1 in Asians, particularly in Chinese.

title: Contribution of XXXX Polymorphisms to Risk of @entity2 : a Multicenter Cohort Study and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase y (PI3Ky) is linked to neuroinflammation and phagocytosis. This study was conducted to elucidate conjectural differences of lipid kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions of PI3Ky in the evolvement of @entity3 induced by focal @entity8 /reperfusion. Therefore, PI3Ky wild-type, knockout, and kinase-dead @entity0 were subjected to @entity7 followed by reperfusion. Tissue damage and cellular composition were assessed by immunohistochemical stainings. In addition, microglial cells derived from respective @entity0 genotypes were used for analysis of PI3Ky effects on phagocytic activity, @entity6 release, and @entity4 content under conditions of @entity1 / @entity5 deprivation and recovery. @entity9 was more pronounced in PI3Ky-knockout @entity0 compared to wild-type and kinase-dead @entity0 48  h after reperfusion. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a reduced amount of galectin-3/ @entity10 -positive microglial cells indicating that activated phagocytosis was reduced in ischemic brains of knockout @entity0 . Cell culture studies disclosed enhanced metalloproteinase-9 secretion in supernatants derived from microglia of PI3Ky-deficient @entity0 after 2-h @entity1 / @entity5 deprivation and 48-h recovery. Furthermore, PI3Ky-deficient microglial cells showed a failed phagocytic activation throughout the observed recovery period. Lastly, PI3Ky-deficient microglia exhibited strongly increased @entity4 levels in comparison with wild-type microglia or cells expressing kinase-dead PI3Ky after @entity1 / @entity5 deprivation and recovery. Our data suggest PI3Ky kinase activity-independent control of @entity4 phosphodiesterase as a crucial mediator of microglial @entity4 regulation, @entity6 expression, and phagocytic activity following focal @entity8 /recirculation. The suppressive effect of PI3Ky on @entity4 levels appears critical for the restriction of @entity2 -induced immune cell functions and in turn tissue damage.

title: Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase y Restrains Neurotoxic Effects of Microglia After Focal XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Two phase II studies of @entity6 involving @entity0 with advanced @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have been completed. The first study, conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), involved 25 previously untreated @entity0 who received intravenous (i.v.) @entity6 250 mg/m2 over 24 hours every 3 weeks. Among 24 evaluable @entity0 with @entity1 , 5 partial responses (21%) were observed, median survival was 24.1 weeks, and 1-year survival was approximately 45%. Common @entity2 included @entity8 (66% grade 4), @entity9 (28% grade 3), and @entity7 (12.5% grade 3). The second trial, conducted at the M.D. Anderson @entity1 Center, yielded similar results. Twenty-seven previously untreated @entity0 with @entity1 received @entity6 200 to 250 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours every 3 weeks, yielding 1 complete response and 5 partial responses (24%) in 25 evaluable @entity0 . The major @entity2 was @entity8 . No @entity7 was seen. For the past several years ECOG has tested several agents against previously untreated @entity4 , and none has demonstrated a response rate greater than 10%, other than @entity6 . Given these results, the ECOG plans to conduct a three-arm phase III study involving @entity0 with advanced @entity4 comparing 'standard' @entity3 / @entity10 chemotherapy to two @entity6 -containing arms: (1) @entity6 135 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours plus @entity3 75 mg/m2 i.v.; (2) @entity6 250 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours plus @entity3 75 mg/m2 i.v. plus recombinant @entity0 @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX ( @entity6 ) in the treatment of lung cancer: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Two phase II studies of @entity6 involving @entity0 with advanced @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have been completed. The first study, conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), involved 25 previously untreated @entity0 who received intravenous (i.v.) @entity6 250 mg/m2 over 24 hours every 3 weeks. Among 24 evaluable @entity0 with @entity1 , 5 partial responses (21%) were observed, median survival was 24.1 weeks, and 1-year survival was approximately 45%. Common @entity2 included @entity8 (66% grade 4), @entity9 (28% grade 3), and @entity7 (12.5% grade 3). The second trial, conducted at the M.D. Anderson @entity1 Center, yielded similar results. Twenty-seven previously untreated @entity0 with @entity1 received @entity6 200 to 250 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours every 3 weeks, yielding 1 complete response and 5 partial responses (24%) in 25 evaluable @entity0 . The major @entity2 was @entity8 . No @entity7 was seen. For the past several years ECOG has tested several agents against previously untreated @entity4 , and none has demonstrated a response rate greater than 10%, other than @entity6 . Given these results, the ECOG plans to conduct a three-arm phase III study involving @entity0 with advanced @entity4 comparing 'standard' @entity3 / @entity10 chemotherapy to two @entity6 -containing arms: (1) @entity6 135 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours plus @entity3 75 mg/m2 i.v.; (2) @entity6 250 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours plus @entity3 75 mg/m2 i.v. plus recombinant @entity0 @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity6 ( XXXX ) in the treatment of lung cancer: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We evaluated the way in which duration of hemodialysis treatment affects nutritional status in 96 @entity3 @entity0 . According to the length of previous hemodialysis treatment @entity0 were divided into the groups: onset hemodialysis (ON- @entity4 ), early-stage hemodialysis (ES- @entity4 , 1-8 months), mid-stage hemodialysis (MS- @entity4 , 9-69 months), and @entity1 ( @entity1 , 70-207 months). Nutritional status was assessed by laboratory data (serum proteins, total lymphocyte count), intradermal skin antigen testing, anthropometric measurements (body mass index [BMI], infrared interactance), and records of food intake. ON- @entity4 @entity0 on a low-protein diet exhibited abnormally low values for serum total protein, albumin, @entity2 , and total lymphocyte count and a high prevalence of anergy to skin antigens (69%). In the ES- @entity4 and MS- @entity4 groups values for serum proteins and total lymphocyte count were in the normal range and significantly higher than in ON- @entity4 @entity0 . In addition, a lower proportion of cutaneous anergy was observed (50% and 27%, respectively). Long-term hemodialysis therapy for 6-17 years ( @entity1 ) was associated with normal levels for all measured serum proteins. Subnormal levels of total lymphocyte count, significantly lower than in MS- @entity4 @entity0 , were associated with an increase in anergy to skin antigens (46%). Serum prealbumin, complement C3c, BMI, body fat, and lean body mass exhibited normal values in all @entity0 and showed no differences between groups. These results indicate that diminished visceral protein stores, @entity5 , and anergy to skin antigens are widespread in undialyzed uremic @entity0 with @entity3 but become uncommon after the initiation of regular hemodialysis therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Impact of long-term hemodialysis on nutritional status in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We evaluated the way in which duration of hemodialysis treatment affects nutritional status in 96 @entity3 @entity0 . According to the length of previous hemodialysis treatment @entity0 were divided into the groups: onset hemodialysis (ON- @entity4 ), early-stage hemodialysis (ES- @entity4 , 1-8 months), mid-stage hemodialysis (MS- @entity4 , 9-69 months), and @entity1 ( @entity1 , 70-207 months). Nutritional status was assessed by laboratory data (serum proteins, total lymphocyte count), intradermal skin antigen testing, anthropometric measurements (body mass index [BMI], infrared interactance), and records of food intake. ON- @entity4 @entity0 on a low-protein diet exhibited abnormally low values for serum total protein, albumin, @entity2 , and total lymphocyte count and a high prevalence of anergy to skin antigens (69%). In the ES- @entity4 and MS- @entity4 groups values for serum proteins and total lymphocyte count were in the normal range and significantly higher than in ON- @entity4 @entity0 . In addition, a lower proportion of cutaneous anergy was observed (50% and 27%, respectively). Long-term hemodialysis therapy for 6-17 years ( @entity1 ) was associated with normal levels for all measured serum proteins. Subnormal levels of total lymphocyte count, significantly lower than in MS- @entity4 @entity0 , were associated with an increase in anergy to skin antigens (46%). Serum prealbumin, complement C3c, BMI, body fat, and lean body mass exhibited normal values in all @entity0 and showed no differences between groups. These results indicate that diminished visceral protein stores, @entity5 , and anergy to skin antigens are widespread in undialyzed uremic @entity0 with @entity3 but become uncommon after the initiation of regular hemodialysis therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Impact of long-term hemodialysis on nutritional status in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Targeted automated external defibrillator (AED) programs have improved survival rates among @entity0 who have an out-of-hospital @entity3 (OHCA) in US airports, as well as European and Japanese railways. The Sao Paulo (Brazil) Metro subway carries 4.5 million @entity0 per day. A targeted AED program was begun in the Sao Paulo Metro with the objective to improve survival from @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective, longitudinal, observational study of all cardiac arrests in the Sao Paulo Metro was performed from September 2006 through November 2012. This study focused on @entity3 by @entity2 , and the primary endpoint was survival to hospital discharge with minimal @entity1 . A total of 62 @entity0 had an initial cardiac rhythm of @entity4 . Because no data on @entity3 treatment or outcomes existed before beginning this project, the first 16 months of the implementation was used as the initial experience and compared with the subsequent 5 years of full operation. Return of spontaneous circulation was not different between the initial 16 months and the subsequent 5 years (6 of 8 [75%] vs. 39 of 54 [72%]; P=0.88). However, survival to discharge was significantly different once the full program was instituted (0 of 8 vs. 23 of 54 [43%]; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a targeted AED program in the Sao Paulo Metro subway system saved lives. A short interval between arrest and defibrillation was key for good long-term, neurologically intact survival. These results support strategic expansion of targeted AED programs in other large Latin American cities.

title: Survival After XXXX Cardiac Arrest in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Subway System: First Successful Targeted Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Program in Latin America.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fine-needle aspiration cytology has been already established as a reliable method for the diagnosis of @entity0 . Its application has been recently extended to immunocytochemical analysis of biological parameters. In the current study @entity3 and @entity5 receptors, Ki67 growth fraction, and @entity4 protein expression were immunocytochemically evaluated on the cellular material sampled by the same fine-needle aspirate used for the conventional cytologic diagnosis of @entity2 . Fine-needle aspiration specimens from 100 @entity1 with primary @entity0 were submitted to the immunocytochemical analysis. Twenty-eight percent were in premenopause; 23% had @entity2 with a diameter less than 2 cm, 59% from 2 to 5 cm, and 18% more than 5 cm; 60% had axillary nodal status negative, 34% positive, and 6% unknown. The concomitant immunocytochemical evaluation of all parameters was possible in 70% of the @entity1 . A significant association was found between @entity4 overexpression and Ki67 values (p = 0.004), and between Ki67 values and @entity5 receptor status (p = 0.003). No correlation was found between any parameter and clinical @entity2 size. @entity3 (p = 0.02) and @entity5 (p = 0.04) receptor negativity and high Ki67 growth fraction (p = 0.005) were significantly associated with the clinical evidence of axillary node involvement. This study suggests that fine-needle aspiration cytology represents an effective practice for a simultaneous evaluation of multiple biologic indicators and could be useful as a preoperative procedure in @entity1 who are candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy.

title: Fine-needle aspiration technique for the concurrent immunocytochemical evaluation of multiple biologic parameters in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Painful stress such as surgery has been shown both to suppress immune function and to promote @entity0 , although the degree to which alterations in immunity underlies the @entity1 -enhancing effects of surgery remains unclear. We recently reported that an experimental laparotomy results in a twofold increase in the number of lung metastases following iv injection of MADB106 @entity1 cells, a natural killer (NK)-sensitive mammary @entity4 cell line, syngeneic to the Fischer 344 @entity2 we studied. Further, the administration of an analgesic dose of @entity5 prevented these metastatic-enhancing effects of surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of NK cells in both the metastatic-enhancing effects of surgery and the attenuation of these effects by @entity5 . Using a simple 2 x 2 experimental design (surgery with anesthesia vs anesthesia only, and @entity5 vs vehicle), we found that surgery resulted in a decrease in both whole blood NK cytotoxic activity and number of circulating LGL/NK cells assessed 4 h postoperatively. In a second experiment involving an 18-h lung clearance assay, we used the mAb 3.2.3 to deplete @entity2 of LGL/NK cells with the following rationale: if LGL/NK cells are necessary to mediate an event, then in their absence, that event should not occur. Normal and LGL/NK-depleted animals were assigned to the same four experimental groups, and radiolabeled MADB106 @entity1 cells were injected iv 4 h after surgery. In normal animals, there was a significant interaction between surgery and @entity5 such that @entity5 attenuated the surgery-induced increase in @entity1 cell retention without affecting @entity1 cell retention in the anesthesia groups. In the LGL/NK-depleted animals, however, although the @entity1 -enhancing effects of surgery remained evident, @entity5 did not mitigate this outcome. These results suggest that: (a) both LGL/NK cell activity and other factors independent of LGL/NK cells play a role in the surgery-induced increase in @entity1 cell retention; and (b) LGL/NK cells play a critical role in @entity5 's attenuating effects on this outcome. Finally, these results reinforce concern about the pathogenic consequences of unrelieved @entity3 .

title: The role of LGL/NK cells in surgery-induced promotion of XXXX and its attenuation by @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Painful stress such as surgery has been shown both to suppress immune function and to promote @entity0 , although the degree to which alterations in immunity underlies the @entity1 -enhancing effects of surgery remains unclear. We recently reported that an experimental laparotomy results in a twofold increase in the number of lung metastases following iv injection of MADB106 @entity1 cells, a natural killer (NK)-sensitive mammary @entity4 cell line, syngeneic to the Fischer 344 @entity2 we studied. Further, the administration of an analgesic dose of @entity5 prevented these metastatic-enhancing effects of surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of NK cells in both the metastatic-enhancing effects of surgery and the attenuation of these effects by @entity5 . Using a simple 2 x 2 experimental design (surgery with anesthesia vs anesthesia only, and @entity5 vs vehicle), we found that surgery resulted in a decrease in both whole blood NK cytotoxic activity and number of circulating LGL/NK cells assessed 4 h postoperatively. In a second experiment involving an 18-h lung clearance assay, we used the mAb 3.2.3 to deplete @entity2 of LGL/NK cells with the following rationale: if LGL/NK cells are necessary to mediate an event, then in their absence, that event should not occur. Normal and LGL/NK-depleted animals were assigned to the same four experimental groups, and radiolabeled MADB106 @entity1 cells were injected iv 4 h after surgery. In normal animals, there was a significant interaction between surgery and @entity5 such that @entity5 attenuated the surgery-induced increase in @entity1 cell retention without affecting @entity1 cell retention in the anesthesia groups. In the LGL/NK-depleted animals, however, although the @entity1 -enhancing effects of surgery remained evident, @entity5 did not mitigate this outcome. These results suggest that: (a) both LGL/NK cell activity and other factors independent of LGL/NK cells play a role in the surgery-induced increase in @entity1 cell retention; and (b) LGL/NK cells play a critical role in @entity5 's attenuating effects on this outcome. Finally, these results reinforce concern about the pathogenic consequences of unrelieved @entity3 .

title: The role of LGL/NK cells in surgery-induced promotion of @entity0 and its attenuation by XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The authors describe three cases of @entity5 with an excess of myeloblasts in the bone marrow ( @entity13 ), associated with @entity12 ( @entity12 ) and @entity9 . The first @entity0 was an 85-year old @entity0 whose @entity13 had begun in 1979. In 1985, he developed @entity12 in the popliteal fossa and on the right heel. Histology confirmed the diagnosis. A direct immunofluorescence test on the biopsy specimen was negative. Apart from the @entity7 , there were no @entity8 . The cutaneous lesions disappeared after 7 weeks of treatment with @entity6 20 mg per day. The @entity10 remained unchanged. The second @entity0 was a 71-year old @entity0 with @entity13 since 1982. In 1984, she presented with lesions of @entity9 located on the anterior aspect of the upper third of her left leg. There was neither @entity11 nor @entity3 , and no history of @entity2 . Beside @entity13 , polyclonal hyperglobulinaemia was present. Histological examination of the skin showed evidence of @entity9 with @entity1 of vascular walls and perivascular lympho-histiocytic infiltrate with granulocytes and @entity4 . Direct immunofluorescence testing of the skin demonstrated intravascular complement deposits. There were no circulating immune complexes; measurements of complement and complement fractions gave normal values; no cryoglobulin was found. The cutaneous lesions recurred on two occasions in 6 months, although no @entity2 could be elicited and the @entity7 was unaffected. The third @entity0 was a 67-year old @entity0 with @entity13 since 1982. In 1983, an ulcero-necrotic lesion spontaneously developed on his right leg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Skin manifestations of XXXX ( @entity13 )].

answer: @entity13


abstract: The authors describe three cases of @entity5 with an excess of myeloblasts in the bone marrow ( @entity13 ), associated with @entity12 ( @entity12 ) and @entity9 . The first @entity0 was an 85-year old @entity0 whose @entity13 had begun in 1979. In 1985, he developed @entity12 in the popliteal fossa and on the right heel. Histology confirmed the diagnosis. A direct immunofluorescence test on the biopsy specimen was negative. Apart from the @entity7 , there were no @entity8 . The cutaneous lesions disappeared after 7 weeks of treatment with @entity6 20 mg per day. The @entity10 remained unchanged. The second @entity0 was a 71-year old @entity0 with @entity13 since 1982. In 1984, she presented with lesions of @entity9 located on the anterior aspect of the upper third of her left leg. There was neither @entity11 nor @entity3 , and no history of @entity2 . Beside @entity13 , polyclonal hyperglobulinaemia was present. Histological examination of the skin showed evidence of @entity9 with @entity1 of vascular walls and perivascular lympho-histiocytic infiltrate with granulocytes and @entity4 . Direct immunofluorescence testing of the skin demonstrated intravascular complement deposits. There were no circulating immune complexes; measurements of complement and complement fractions gave normal values; no cryoglobulin was found. The cutaneous lesions recurred on two occasions in 6 months, although no @entity2 could be elicited and the @entity7 was unaffected. The third @entity0 was a 67-year old @entity0 with @entity13 since 1982. In 1983, an ulcero-necrotic lesion spontaneously developed on his right leg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Skin manifestations of @entity13 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the association between educational level and prevalence of @entity3 and coronary risk factors in India. DESIGN: Total community cross sectional survey with a doctor administered questionnaire, physical examination, and electrocardiography. SETTING: A cluster of three villages in rural Rajasthan, western India. SUBJECTS: 3148 residents aged over 20 (1982 @entity0 , 1166 @entity0 ) divided into various groups according to years of formal schooling. RESULTS: Illiteracy and low educational levels were associated with less prestigious occupations (agricultural and farm labouring) and inferior housing. There was an inverse correlation of educational level with age (rank correlation: mean -0.45, @entity0 -0.49). The prevalence of @entity3 (diagnosed by electrocardiography) was significantly higher among uneducated and less educated @entity0 and showed an inverse relation with education in both sexes. Among uneducated and less educated @entity0 there was a higher prevalence of the coronary risk factors smoking and @entity2 . Educational level showed a significant inverse correlation with @entity4 . Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that educational level had an inverse relation with prevalence of electrocardiographically diagnosed @entity3 (odds ratio: @entity0 0.82, @entity0 0.53), @entity2 ( @entity0 0.88, @entity0 0.56), and smoking ( @entity0 0.73, @entity0 0.65) but not with hypercholesterolaemia and @entity1 . The inverse relation of @entity3 with educational level abated after adjustment for smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and blood pressure (odds ratio: @entity0 0.98, @entity0 0.78). CONCLUSION: Uneducated and less educated @entity0 in rural India have a higher prevalence of @entity3 and of the coronary risk factors smoking and @entity2 .

title: Educational status, XXXX , and coronary risk factor prevalence in a rural population of India.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Among 380 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), there were 63 cases who had HLA @entity2 without any other counterpart DR type (Group @entity2 .*), 30 with @entity3 but without @entity2 (Group @entity4 ), 37 with both @entity3 and @entity2 (Group @entity4 ), 34 with DR8 but without @entity2 (Group @entity2 ), and 15 with both DR8 and @entity2 (Group @entity2 ). 53, 29, 32, 32, or 13 female @entity1 @entity0 respectively from Groups @entity2 .*, @entity4 , @entity4 +, @entity2 -, or @entity2 + were investigated for the severity of their disease. 40 joints in 18 @entity0 , 2 in 1, 19 in 8, 13 in 6, or 10 in 4 respectively from Groups @entity2 .*, @entity4 , @entity4 +, @entity2 -, or @entity2 had had the previous history of total joint replacement operations for the diseased hips (THR) or knees (TKR). The number of cases (p < 0.01) or that of joints (p < 0.001) was significantly less among Group @entity4 - @entity0 than the corresponding figure among Group @entity2 .* @entity0 . Significantly smaller (p < 0.02) number of cases with @entity3 (Groups @entity4 combined) had experienced THR's and/or TKR's than those in Group @entity2 .*. Group @entity2 - @entity0 had undergone THR/TKR operations in smaller number of the joints (p < 0.05) in comparison to Group @entity2 .* @entity0 , though the difference was not significant when the numbers of operated cases were compared between the Groups. The age at @entity1 onset among Groups @entity2 .*, @entity4 , @entity4 +, @entity2 -, or @entity2 + was 38.5 +/- 14.2 (mean +/- SD) years, 46.6 +/- 12.2, 41.7 +/- 11.7, 44.9 +/- 13.1, or 40.8 +/- 10.2 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The significance of HLA @entity3 and DR8 among @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Among 380 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), there were 63 cases who had HLA @entity2 without any other counterpart DR type (Group @entity2 .*), 30 with @entity3 but without @entity2 (Group @entity4 ), 37 with both @entity3 and @entity2 (Group @entity4 ), 34 with DR8 but without @entity2 (Group @entity2 ), and 15 with both DR8 and @entity2 (Group @entity2 ). 53, 29, 32, 32, or 13 female @entity1 @entity0 respectively from Groups @entity2 .*, @entity4 , @entity4 +, @entity2 -, or @entity2 + were investigated for the severity of their disease. 40 joints in 18 @entity0 , 2 in 1, 19 in 8, 13 in 6, or 10 in 4 respectively from Groups @entity2 .*, @entity4 , @entity4 +, @entity2 -, or @entity2 had had the previous history of total joint replacement operations for the diseased hips (THR) or knees (TKR). The number of cases (p < 0.01) or that of joints (p < 0.001) was significantly less among Group @entity4 - @entity0 than the corresponding figure among Group @entity2 .* @entity0 . Significantly smaller (p < 0.02) number of cases with @entity3 (Groups @entity4 combined) had experienced THR's and/or TKR's than those in Group @entity2 .*. Group @entity2 - @entity0 had undergone THR/TKR operations in smaller number of the joints (p < 0.05) in comparison to Group @entity2 .* @entity0 , though the difference was not significant when the numbers of operated cases were compared between the Groups. The age at @entity1 onset among Groups @entity2 .*, @entity4 , @entity4 +, @entity2 -, or @entity2 + was 38.5 +/- 14.2 (mean +/- SD) years, 46.6 +/- 12.2, 41.7 +/- 11.7, 44.9 +/- 13.1, or 40.8 +/- 10.2 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The significance of HLA XXXX and DR8 among @entity0 with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Among 380 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), there were 63 cases who had HLA @entity2 without any other counterpart DR type (Group @entity2 .*), 30 with @entity3 but without @entity2 (Group @entity4 ), 37 with both @entity3 and @entity2 (Group @entity4 ), 34 with DR8 but without @entity2 (Group @entity2 ), and 15 with both DR8 and @entity2 (Group @entity2 ). 53, 29, 32, 32, or 13 female @entity1 @entity0 respectively from Groups @entity2 .*, @entity4 , @entity4 +, @entity2 -, or @entity2 + were investigated for the severity of their disease. 40 joints in 18 @entity0 , 2 in 1, 19 in 8, 13 in 6, or 10 in 4 respectively from Groups @entity2 .*, @entity4 , @entity4 +, @entity2 -, or @entity2 had had the previous history of total joint replacement operations for the diseased hips (THR) or knees (TKR). The number of cases (p < 0.01) or that of joints (p < 0.001) was significantly less among Group @entity4 - @entity0 than the corresponding figure among Group @entity2 .* @entity0 . Significantly smaller (p < 0.02) number of cases with @entity3 (Groups @entity4 combined) had experienced THR's and/or TKR's than those in Group @entity2 .*. Group @entity2 - @entity0 had undergone THR/TKR operations in smaller number of the joints (p < 0.05) in comparison to Group @entity2 .* @entity0 , though the difference was not significant when the numbers of operated cases were compared between the Groups. The age at @entity1 onset among Groups @entity2 .*, @entity4 , @entity4 +, @entity2 -, or @entity2 + was 38.5 +/- 14.2 (mean +/- SD) years, 46.6 +/- 12.2, 41.7 +/- 11.7, 44.9 +/- 13.1, or 40.8 +/- 10.2 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The significance of HLA @entity3 and DR8 among XXXX with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urogenital @entity3 are devastating complications occurring after @entity1 or @entity2 . Surgical treatment is challenging. Thus, further surgical repair options are needed for treatment of complex @entity3 within the pelvic region. METHODS: Twelve @entity0 with @entity5 were surgically treated in our department from 2004 to 2012. These selected cases fulfilled eligibility criteria for continence-preserving surgery -  a history of @entity3 recurrences with @entity4 after receiving at least two surgical attempts. Five VRAM and eight gracilis flaps were used to cover up given tissue defects and to perform functional continence-preserving reconstruction with mean follow-up of 6.3 years. Data were retrospectively reviewed, and standardized survey was performed to evaluate quality of life of all living @entity0 (n  =  10). RESULTS: In all cases, final surgical treatment of the given fistulae by VRAM or gracilis flaps could be achieved, with mean operating time of 5:31  h (range: 4:50-6:48  h) for VRAM flap and 3:11  h (range: 2:04-4:42  h) for gracilis flap. Outcome measures were primarily to avoid @entity3 recurrence after plastic surgical treatment, and secondary quality of life and survival. All @entity0 had their continence preserved, but two @entity0 died during follow-up period. Postoperative assessment revealed the following: VRAM flap @entity0 (n  =  3) showed slight incontinence during the follow-up period, whereas continence was restored in all @entity0 with gracilis flap reconstruction (n  =  7). Quality-of-life assessment indicated restoration of quality of life in comparison to general population ( @entity0  >  @entity0 ). Furthermore, key points of the two presented surgical techniques are demonstrated in detail. CONCLUSION: With preformed VRAM or gracilis flaps, complex @entity5 can be successfully eradicated and continence is restored. The main focus should be the recovery of quality of life, which could be successfully regained. Nevertheless, the continence success rate has to be defined on an individual, case-by-case basis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Original work, cohort study level III.

title: Plastic reconstructive surgery techniques using VRAM or gracilis flaps in order to successfully treat complex XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The influence of @entity3 larvae migration on the lung tissue of paratenic host (inbred @entity0 C57BL6/J) was evaluated. First macroscopic manifestation was already observed on day 2 in the time of the highest larval recovery. Larvae entering the lung tissue caused numerous small extravasations. Their migration from the lungs was manifested from day 6 with an increase in the number and extent of extravasations. The lungs assumed @entity4 spot appearance (Fig. 1). The larval recovery was decreasing. From day 14 the expressiveness of macroscopic changes was declining. Areas of @entity2 and @entity1 were observed on the lungs. The genesis and the process of elimination of extravasations were studied histologically. In the first period, the primary extravasations, caused by larvae migrating to the lung tissue (Fig. 2), were eliminated by monocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes in increasing numbers (Fig. 3). Immunohistochemically macrophages and dendritic cells were already observed in the lungs on day 1 (Fig. 4). Acid phosphatase activity was increasing from day 1 and its highest level was observed on day 84. Alkaline phosphatase activity on days 2-4 was not observed in the areas of extravasations although within the larvae themselves it was high. The extravasations of the second period (caused by larval migration from the lungs) from day 5-6 were eliminated with humoral monocytes and cells of perivascular and peribronchial tissue. Eosinophils were not active in this process. Strong exudation was observed here. The humoral part of extravasations was eliminated primarily. The cytoplasmic volume of activated cells was enlarging. Multinuclear symplasms were originated (Fig. 5). The activities of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase were increased. Macrophages and dendritic cells were still present in high numbers and from day 14 aggregations of T and B lymphocytes were observed (Fig. 6). Reparative processes were frequently observed on the blood vessels altered by the leaving larvae (Fig. 7). Changes on the lungs caused by migration of larvae always ended in functional regeneration of the lung tissue. On the other hand dead larvae stimulated proliferative forms of inflammatory reactions which led to induration (Fig. 8).

title: [Changes in the lungs in @entity0 caused by migration of XXXX larvae].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The influence of @entity3 larvae migration on the lung tissue of paratenic host (inbred @entity0 C57BL6/J) was evaluated. First macroscopic manifestation was already observed on day 2 in the time of the highest larval recovery. Larvae entering the lung tissue caused numerous small extravasations. Their migration from the lungs was manifested from day 6 with an increase in the number and extent of extravasations. The lungs assumed @entity4 spot appearance (Fig. 1). The larval recovery was decreasing. From day 14 the expressiveness of macroscopic changes was declining. Areas of @entity2 and @entity1 were observed on the lungs. The genesis and the process of elimination of extravasations were studied histologically. In the first period, the primary extravasations, caused by larvae migrating to the lung tissue (Fig. 2), were eliminated by monocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes in increasing numbers (Fig. 3). Immunohistochemically macrophages and dendritic cells were already observed in the lungs on day 1 (Fig. 4). Acid phosphatase activity was increasing from day 1 and its highest level was observed on day 84. Alkaline phosphatase activity on days 2-4 was not observed in the areas of extravasations although within the larvae themselves it was high. The extravasations of the second period (caused by larval migration from the lungs) from day 5-6 were eliminated with humoral monocytes and cells of perivascular and peribronchial tissue. Eosinophils were not active in this process. Strong exudation was observed here. The humoral part of extravasations was eliminated primarily. The cytoplasmic volume of activated cells was enlarging. Multinuclear symplasms were originated (Fig. 5). The activities of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase were increased. Macrophages and dendritic cells were still present in high numbers and from day 14 aggregations of T and B lymphocytes were observed (Fig. 6). Reparative processes were frequently observed on the blood vessels altered by the leaving larvae (Fig. 7). Changes on the lungs caused by migration of larvae always ended in functional regeneration of the lung tissue. On the other hand dead larvae stimulated proliferative forms of inflammatory reactions which led to induration (Fig. 8).

title: [Changes in the lungs in XXXX caused by migration of @entity3 larvae].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The performance of three different highly sensitive immuno-assays for thyrotropin in serum (S-TSH) was compared. Specimens from 803 @entity0 with suspected hyperthroidism or other @entity1 were used. @entity2 @entity0 were identified and characterized by determining serum thyroid hormones and by clinical observation. The performance of the methods in discriminating between @entity2 and @entity3 was described in terms of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The performance was also assessed by systematically varying the reference values. If @entity0 with treated hyperthroidism were eliminated, the three S-TSH assays performed equally well at a suggested lower reference value of 0.4 mU/l. A diagnostic efficiency of more than 0.95 was achieved at the observed prevalence of disease (0.12). A graphical model which allows an adjustment of reference values to favour sensitivity or specificity is presented. Reference values were also calculated from the euthyroid subjects using parametric and non-parametric approaches. The specificity, when using the recommended discrimination level, suggests that @entity0 with low S-TSH values should be subjected to further investigation by biochemical or other methods.

title: Highly sensitive assays of serum-thyrotropin in the diagnosis of XXXX : assessment of performance and reference values.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Diffuse parenchymal bleeding and major air leaks still present a challenge to the thoracic surgeon. This study was therefore designed to evaluate efficacy and handling of fibrin-glue-coated collagen fleece, to address these problems. In an experimental part defects were produced in lungs of troll @entity2 to compare the use of the fleece with @entity3 . Immediate airtightness and @entity1 were evaluated. Scores were designed to evaluate quality and extension of the adhesions. In a clinical study parenchymal resection sites were sealed with fibrin-glue-coated collagen fleece in 52 @entity0 . No @entity0 suffered from @entity1 . In three cases air leaks were still present on the third postoperative day, representing a 5.8% failure rate. 92.3% of the @entity0 showed neither @entity1 nor prolonged air leaks. A fixed combination of collagen fleece and fibrin glue consequently can be considered as a valuable tool in thoracic surgery.

title: Fibrin-glue-coated collagen fleece in lung surgery--experimental comparison with XXXX and clinical experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: NK cells are innate lymphoid cells important for immune surveillance, identifying and responding to stress, @entity3 . Whereas conventional NK (cNK) cells circulate systemically, many NK cells reside in tissues where they appear to be poised to locally regulate tissue function. In the present study, we tested the contribution of tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells to tissue homeostasis by studying @entity2 in the @entity1 kidney. Parabiosis experiments demonstrate that the kidney contains a significant fraction of trNK cells under homeostatic conditions. Kidney trNK cells developed independent of @entity5 and @entity6 , and they expressed a distinct cell surface phenotype as compared with cNK cells. Among these, trNK cells had reduced asialo-GM1 (AsGM1) expression relative to cNK cells, a phenotype observed in trNK cells across multiple organs and @entity1 strains. Strikingly, anti-AsGM1 Ab treatment, commonly used as an NK cell-depleting regimen, resulted in a robust and selective depletion of cNKs, leaving trNKs largely intact. Using this differential depletion, we tested the relative contribution of cNK and trNK cells in @entity0 . Whereas anti- @entity4 Ab effectively depleted both trNK and cNK cells and protected against @entity2 /reperfusion injury, anti-AsGM1 Ab preferentially depleted cNK cells and failed to protect against injury. These data demonstrate unanticipated specificity of anti-AsGM1 Ab depletion on NK cell subsets and reveal a new approach to study the contributions of cNK and trNK cells in vivo. In total, these data demonstrate that trNK cells play a key role in modulating local responses to @entity2 tissue injury in the kidney and potentially other organs.

title: Tissue-Resident NK Cells Mediate XXXX and Are Not Depleted by Anti-Asialo-GM1 Antibody.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Soluble class I molecules (sHLA-ABC) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma samples of 13 @entity0 with chronic-phase Ph1-positive @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The @entity0 were treated once daily with interferon (IFN) s.c. at a dosage of 4 x 10(6) IU/m2 @entity4 -2b or in combination with 50 micrograms @entity1 . Measurements were performed before 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after the start of treatment and thereafter every 2-4 weeks. Baseline sHLA-ABC levels were within normal limits (mean 22.1 +/- 8.8 mg/l). An initial decrease of sHLA-ABC (mean 3.2 +/- 2.7 mg/l) was seen in all @entity0 during the first 2-8 h of IFN treatment. Thereafter, sHLA-ABC levels increased steadily reaching maximum values within 2-5 weeks. The overall increase was 12.7 +/- 12.4 mg/l. During the following 2-4 months of IFN treatment sHLA-ABC decreased to near baseline levels in 12 of 13 @entity0 . No difference was detected between @entity4 and @entity4 plus @entity1 treatment. @entity3 values were measured in 8 @entity0 and were found to be correlated to sHLA-ABC concentrations (r = 0.48).

title: Soluble HLA class I and @entity3 plasma concentrations during interferon treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Soluble class I molecules (sHLA-ABC) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma samples of 13 @entity0 with chronic-phase Ph1-positive @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The @entity0 were treated once daily with interferon (IFN) s.c. at a dosage of 4 x 10(6) IU/m2 @entity4 -2b or in combination with 50 micrograms @entity1 . Measurements were performed before 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after the start of treatment and thereafter every 2-4 weeks. Baseline sHLA-ABC levels were within normal limits (mean 22.1 +/- 8.8 mg/l). An initial decrease of sHLA-ABC (mean 3.2 +/- 2.7 mg/l) was seen in all @entity0 during the first 2-8 h of IFN treatment. Thereafter, sHLA-ABC levels increased steadily reaching maximum values within 2-5 weeks. The overall increase was 12.7 +/- 12.4 mg/l. During the following 2-4 months of IFN treatment sHLA-ABC decreased to near baseline levels in 12 of 13 @entity0 . No difference was detected between @entity4 and @entity4 plus @entity1 treatment. @entity3 values were measured in 8 @entity0 and were found to be correlated to sHLA-ABC concentrations (r = 0.48).

title: Soluble HLA class I and XXXX plasma concentrations during interferon treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) present with similar symptoms. We examined the association between @entity2 and @entity3 in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched the medical literature to identify cross-sectional surveys or case-control studies reporting the association between @entity3 and @entity2 in 50 or more unselected adult @entity0 . We recorded the prevalence of @entity2 symptoms in @entity0 with histologically confirmed @entity3 , or the prevalence of histologically confirmed @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Data were pooled using a random-effects model; the association between @entity3 and @entity2 was summarized using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The search strategy identified 3926 citations, of which 10 were eligible for our analysis. The pooled prevalence of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 was 33.4% (95% CI, 31.5%-40.6%), but was not significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity3 than in @entity0 with @entity1 (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.43-4.47). In 3 cross-sectional surveys, the pooled OR for @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 , compared with other @entity0 with @entity1 , was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.44-1.04). In 4 case-control studies the prevalence of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 was significantly higher than in asymptomatic controls (OR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.32-20.2). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a meta-analysis, one third of @entity0 with @entity3 reported symptoms compatible with @entity2 , but the prevalence of @entity2 was no higher than in other @entity0 with @entity1 . The odds of @entity3 were no higher in @entity0 with @entity2 compared with other @entity0 with @entity1 . The value of routine colonoscopy and biopsy to exclude @entity3 in @entity0 with typical @entity2 symptoms, unless other risk factors or alarm symptoms are present, remains uncertain.

title: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The growth and @entity1 of 40 @entity2 was studied in 36 @entity0 (14 @entity0 , 22 @entity0 ; were average age, 51.8 years). @entity3 were classified into five types according to the intraoperative findings: type 1, uniformly thin, smooth surface; type 2, thin neck and thick wall, smooth surface with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 3, uniformly thick wall, smooth surface with or without red portions; type 4, thick neck, bubbled or loculated thin wall at dome with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 5, thick wall in entirety, irregular surface with or without red portions. Five were type 1, six type 2, and 12 type 3. In four of the type 2 @entity3 , turbulence could be seen at the neck. In seven of the type 3 @entity3 , red and/or transparent portions were observed in the wall. Thirteen were type 4; nine of which had a bubbled or loculated wall with or without red and/or transparent portions. Four were type 5, with scattered red portions but a thick wall. Type 1 @entity3 were 2-5 mm, most of types 2 and 3 were 3-6 mm, type 4 were 3-13 mm, and type 5 were more than 9 mm. Types 1 and 2 had few local changes in the wall, suggesting that @entity3 at this stage are stable. Type 3 is considered to be a transitional stage to type 4 from type 2. Type 4 @entity3 had some local changes within the wall including bubbles or loculi. We concluded that @entity3 exceeding 4 mm have local pathologic changes in the wall and are critical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Growth and XXXX of unruptured @entity2 based on the intraoperative appearance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The growth and @entity1 of 40 @entity2 was studied in 36 @entity0 (14 @entity0 , 22 @entity0 ; were average age, 51.8 years). @entity3 were classified into five types according to the intraoperative findings: type 1, uniformly thin, smooth surface; type 2, thin neck and thick wall, smooth surface with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 3, uniformly thick wall, smooth surface with or without red portions; type 4, thick neck, bubbled or loculated thin wall at dome with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 5, thick wall in entirety, irregular surface with or without red portions. Five were type 1, six type 2, and 12 type 3. In four of the type 2 @entity3 , turbulence could be seen at the neck. In seven of the type 3 @entity3 , red and/or transparent portions were observed in the wall. Thirteen were type 4; nine of which had a bubbled or loculated wall with or without red and/or transparent portions. Four were type 5, with scattered red portions but a thick wall. Type 1 @entity3 were 2-5 mm, most of types 2 and 3 were 3-6 mm, type 4 were 3-13 mm, and type 5 were more than 9 mm. Types 1 and 2 had few local changes in the wall, suggesting that @entity3 at this stage are stable. Type 3 is considered to be a transitional stage to type 4 from type 2. Type 4 @entity3 had some local changes within the wall including bubbles or loculi. We concluded that @entity3 exceeding 4 mm have local pathologic changes in the wall and are critical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Growth and @entity1 of unruptured XXXX based on the intraoperative appearance.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced @entity4 (RILI) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity1 . The normal lung relative volumes receiving greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (V5-30) @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and absolute volumes spared from greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (AVS5-30) for the bilateral and ipsilateral lungs of 83 @entity0 were recorded. Any association of clinical factors and dose-volume parameters with Grade >= 2 RILI was analyzed. The median follow-up was 12.3 months; 18 (21.7%) cases of Grade 2 RILI, seven (8.4%) of Grade 3 and two (2.4%) of Grade 4 were observed. Univariate analysis revealed the located lobe of the @entity2 . V5, V10, V20, @entity3 of the ipsilateral lung, V5, V10, V20, V30 and @entity3 of the bilateral lung, and AVS5 and AVS10 of the ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade >= 2 RILI (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade >= 2 RILI (P = 0.010, OR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.102-0.729). Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated Grade >= 2 RILI could be predicted using AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung (area under curve, 0.668; cutoff value, 564.9 cm(3); sensitivity, 60.7%; specificity, 70.4%). The incidence of Grade >= 2 RILI was significantly lower with AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung >= 564.9 cm(3) than with AVS5 < 564.9 cm(3) (P = 0.008). Low-dose irradiation relative volumes and @entity3 of the bilateral or ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade >= 2 RILI, and AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade >= 2 RILI for @entity1 after IMRT.

title: Association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced @entity4 after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced @entity4 (RILI) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity1 . The normal lung relative volumes receiving greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (V5-30) @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and absolute volumes spared from greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (AVS5-30) for the bilateral and ipsilateral lungs of 83 @entity0 were recorded. Any association of clinical factors and dose-volume parameters with Grade >= 2 RILI was analyzed. The median follow-up was 12.3 months; 18 (21.7%) cases of Grade 2 RILI, seven (8.4%) of Grade 3 and two (2.4%) of Grade 4 were observed. Univariate analysis revealed the located lobe of the @entity2 . V5, V10, V20, @entity3 of the ipsilateral lung, V5, V10, V20, V30 and @entity3 of the bilateral lung, and AVS5 and AVS10 of the ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade >= 2 RILI (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade >= 2 RILI (P = 0.010, OR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.102-0.729). Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated Grade >= 2 RILI could be predicted using AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung (area under curve, 0.668; cutoff value, 564.9 cm(3); sensitivity, 60.7%; specificity, 70.4%). The incidence of Grade >= 2 RILI was significantly lower with AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung >= 564.9 cm(3) than with AVS5 < 564.9 cm(3) (P = 0.008). Low-dose irradiation relative volumes and @entity3 of the bilateral or ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade >= 2 RILI, and AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade >= 2 RILI for @entity1 after IMRT.

title: Association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced XXXX after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in @entity1 : a retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10 excitotoxicity contributes to the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and pharmacological blockade of metabotropic @entity10 receptor 5 ( @entity12 ) has beneficial anti- @entity9 effects in animal models of @entity3 ; however, the mechanism by which these antagonists alleviate @entity3 symptoms is largely unknown. In our study, the effects of @entity12 inhibition on DNA damage were investigated in a @entity11 -induced model of @entity3 . We first found that the selective @entity12 antagonist, @entity13 , prevented @entity11 -induced DNA damage in MN9D dopaminergic neurons through a mechanism involving the downregulation of intracellular @entity4 release which was associated with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive @entity0 species (ROS)-related @entity7 . Interestingly, the ROS-related @entity7 was accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant protein, Trx2. Treatment of cells with the @entity4 chelating agent @entity15 or the ROS scavenger @entity5 , also reduced @entity11 -induced DNA damage, while transfection of a dominant-negative form of Trx2 increased it. In addition, @entity12 inhibition altered the expression profiles of proteins involved in DNA repair activity. Specifically, the expression of phosphorylated @entity8 (p- @entity8 ) and @entity14 , as well as APE1 and @entity17 were elevated after @entity11 stimulation and were subsequently downregulated following blockade of @entity12 . These findings were confirmed in vivo in a @entity11 -induced @entity1 model of @entity3 . Inhibition of @entity12 protected against @entity6 by mitigating oxidative stress-related DNA damage associated with @entity16 production and also reduced p- @entity8 activity and Trx2 expression. These findings provide a novel link between @entity12 and DNA damage in a model of @entity3 , and reveal a potential mechanism by which @entity12 mediates DNA damage in @entity2 .

title: Blockade of metabotropic @entity10 receptor 5 protects against DNA damage in a XXXX -induced @entity3 model.

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10 excitotoxicity contributes to the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and pharmacological blockade of metabotropic @entity10 receptor 5 ( @entity12 ) has beneficial anti- @entity9 effects in animal models of @entity3 ; however, the mechanism by which these antagonists alleviate @entity3 symptoms is largely unknown. In our study, the effects of @entity12 inhibition on DNA damage were investigated in a @entity11 -induced model of @entity3 . We first found that the selective @entity12 antagonist, @entity13 , prevented @entity11 -induced DNA damage in MN9D dopaminergic neurons through a mechanism involving the downregulation of intracellular @entity4 release which was associated with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive @entity0 species (ROS)-related @entity7 . Interestingly, the ROS-related @entity7 was accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant protein, Trx2. Treatment of cells with the @entity4 chelating agent @entity15 or the ROS scavenger @entity5 , also reduced @entity11 -induced DNA damage, while transfection of a dominant-negative form of Trx2 increased it. In addition, @entity12 inhibition altered the expression profiles of proteins involved in DNA repair activity. Specifically, the expression of phosphorylated @entity8 (p- @entity8 ) and @entity14 , as well as APE1 and @entity17 were elevated after @entity11 stimulation and were subsequently downregulated following blockade of @entity12 . These findings were confirmed in vivo in a @entity11 -induced @entity1 model of @entity3 . Inhibition of @entity12 protected against @entity6 by mitigating oxidative stress-related DNA damage associated with @entity16 production and also reduced p- @entity8 activity and Trx2 expression. These findings provide a novel link between @entity12 and DNA damage in a model of @entity3 , and reveal a potential mechanism by which @entity12 mediates DNA damage in @entity2 .

title: Blockade of metabotropic @entity10 receptor 5 protects against DNA damage in a @entity11 -induced XXXX model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10 excitotoxicity contributes to the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and pharmacological blockade of metabotropic @entity10 receptor 5 ( @entity12 ) has beneficial anti- @entity9 effects in animal models of @entity3 ; however, the mechanism by which these antagonists alleviate @entity3 symptoms is largely unknown. In our study, the effects of @entity12 inhibition on DNA damage were investigated in a @entity11 -induced model of @entity3 . We first found that the selective @entity12 antagonist, @entity13 , prevented @entity11 -induced DNA damage in MN9D dopaminergic neurons through a mechanism involving the downregulation of intracellular @entity4 release which was associated with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive @entity0 species (ROS)-related @entity7 . Interestingly, the ROS-related @entity7 was accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant protein, Trx2. Treatment of cells with the @entity4 chelating agent @entity15 or the ROS scavenger @entity5 , also reduced @entity11 -induced DNA damage, while transfection of a dominant-negative form of Trx2 increased it. In addition, @entity12 inhibition altered the expression profiles of proteins involved in DNA repair activity. Specifically, the expression of phosphorylated @entity8 (p- @entity8 ) and @entity14 , as well as APE1 and @entity17 were elevated after @entity11 stimulation and were subsequently downregulated following blockade of @entity12 . These findings were confirmed in vivo in a @entity11 -induced @entity1 model of @entity3 . Inhibition of @entity12 protected against @entity6 by mitigating oxidative stress-related DNA damage associated with @entity16 production and also reduced p- @entity8 activity and Trx2 expression. These findings provide a novel link between @entity12 and DNA damage in a model of @entity3 , and reveal a potential mechanism by which @entity12 mediates DNA damage in @entity2 .

title: Blockade of metabotropic XXXX receptor 5 protects against DNA damage in a @entity11 -induced @entity3 model.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify CT characteristics of @entity8 , a rare, aggressive, malignant @entity2 of unknown origin that occurs mainly in @entity0 and young @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of eight @entity0 (newborn to 13 years old; mode, 4 months old; six @entity0 and two @entity0 ) with histopathologic diagnosis of @entity8 were evaluated retrospectively by two of the authors, who were not blinded to the diagnosis. All eight CT scans were performed with intravenous and oral contrast, and noncontrast intravenous CT scans were available in four cases. The following CT characteristics were evaluated: location of @entity2 within the kidney; presence of @entity5 , subcapsular @entity7 , multiple @entity2 lobules, enlarged vessels, @entity6 , or central @entity2 @entity3 or @entity4 ; visibility of @entity2 margin; distant @entity1 ; and @entity2 size. RESULTS: All eight primary @entity2 (five on the left, one of which had contralateral renal nodules) were central in location and involved the hilum. Calcification outlining the @entity2 lobule was present in two of the four @entity2 on noncontrast CT scans. Subcapsular @entity7 was seen in five @entity0 . Tumor @entity3 and @entity4 were seen in seven @entity0 . @entity2 were well defined from the renal cortex in four @entity0 . Lobules of @entity2 were seen in seven @entity0 . CONCLUSION: CT findings of @entity5 , subcapsular @entity7 , and lobular appearance in a large, centrally located, and heterogeneous renal mass in a @entity0 suggest a @entity8 .

title: XXXX of the kidney in @entity0 : CT findings.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify CT characteristics of @entity8 , a rare, aggressive, malignant @entity2 of unknown origin that occurs mainly in @entity0 and young @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of eight @entity0 (newborn to 13 years old; mode, 4 months old; six @entity0 and two @entity0 ) with histopathologic diagnosis of @entity8 were evaluated retrospectively by two of the authors, who were not blinded to the diagnosis. All eight CT scans were performed with intravenous and oral contrast, and noncontrast intravenous CT scans were available in four cases. The following CT characteristics were evaluated: location of @entity2 within the kidney; presence of @entity5 , subcapsular @entity7 , multiple @entity2 lobules, enlarged vessels, @entity6 , or central @entity2 @entity3 or @entity4 ; visibility of @entity2 margin; distant @entity1 ; and @entity2 size. RESULTS: All eight primary @entity2 (five on the left, one of which had contralateral renal nodules) were central in location and involved the hilum. Calcification outlining the @entity2 lobule was present in two of the four @entity2 on noncontrast CT scans. Subcapsular @entity7 was seen in five @entity0 . Tumor @entity3 and @entity4 were seen in seven @entity0 . @entity2 were well defined from the renal cortex in four @entity0 . Lobules of @entity2 were seen in seven @entity0 . CONCLUSION: CT findings of @entity5 , subcapsular @entity7 , and lobular appearance in a large, centrally located, and heterogeneous renal mass in a @entity0 suggest a @entity8 .

title: @entity8 of the kidney in XXXX : CT findings.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a progressive @entity2 of unknown etiology, with limited population-based estimates of pediatric incidence. We reported the incidence of pediatric @entity5 in Canada and described its clinical characteristics. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of @entity0 aged <18 years diagnosed with @entity5 between 2000-2009 at all pediatric centers in Canada. RESULTS: A total of 159 @entity0 with @entity5 (60.3% female, 13.2% type 2 @entity5 ) were identified. Annual incidence was 0.23 per 100000 @entity0 . Median age at presentation for type 1 was 12 years (interquartile range: 11-14) versus 10 years for type 2 (interquartile range: 4.5-13) (P = .03). Fatigue (58%), @entity6 (54%), and @entity3 (49%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Serum albumin (33 vs 38 g/L; P = .03) and platelet count (187   000 vs 249   000; P <.001) were significantly lower and the international normalized ratio (1.4 vs 1.2; P <.001) was higher in cirrhotic versus noncirrhotic @entity0 . Initial treatment included corticosteroids (80%), @entity4 (32%), and/or @entity1 (13%). Response to treatment at 1 year was complete in 90%, and partial in 3%. 3% of @entity0 had no response, and 3% responded and later relapsed. Nine @entity0 underwent liver transplantation, and 4 @entity0 died at a mean follow-up of 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is uncommon in @entity0 and adolescents in Canada. Type 1 @entity5 was diagnosed 5.5 times more frequently than type 2 @entity5 . Most @entity0 respond well to conventional therapy, diminishing the need for liver transplantation.

title: Incidence and Characteristics of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The forearm perfusion technique was used 1) to quantify the muscle metabolism of @entity0 and gluconeogenic precursors in response to insulin-induced @entity5 and 2) to assess the role of @entity4 and @entity0 concentration, pe se. Insulin (0.5 mU.kg-1.min-1) was infused for 4 h in three groups of healthy volunteers. In group I (n = 6), blood @entity0 (BG) was maintained at its basal level (4.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l). In group II (n = 7), BG was allowed to fall to approximately 3 mmol/l. Group III (n = 6) was similar to group II except that @entity3 was infused also. In addition, at 240 min, @entity5 was locally corrected by intrabrachial @entity0 infusion while maintaining the systemic milieu unperturbed. In group I, forearm @entity0 uptake (FGU) increased from 4.7 +/- 1.3 to a mean value of 37.8 +/- 5.0 mumol.l-1.min-1, whereas in group II it remained unchanged (8.3 +/- 2.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). In group III, @entity3 partially prevented the suppression of FGU that increased to 21.6 +/- 5.2 mumol.l-1.min-1 (P < 0.05 vs. group II). Local correction of @entity5 normalized the FGU response (36.5 +/- 8.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). Muscle release of @entity2 , but not of @entity1 , was slightly higher during @entity5 (P = not significant). Forearm blood flow remained unchanged in groups I and III, whereas it increased by approximately 40% in group II (P < 0.05). It is concluded that, during mild @entity5 1) extreme insulin resistance develops in the skeletal muscle, mediated by beta-adrenergic stimulation and reduced @entity0 mass effect and 2) mobilization of gluconeogenic precursors is only weakly activated.

title: Forearm muscle insulin resistance during XXXX : role of adrenergic mechanisms and @entity5 per se.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The forearm perfusion technique was used 1) to quantify the muscle metabolism of @entity0 and gluconeogenic precursors in response to insulin-induced @entity5 and 2) to assess the role of @entity4 and @entity0 concentration, pe se. Insulin (0.5 mU.kg-1.min-1) was infused for 4 h in three groups of healthy volunteers. In group I (n = 6), blood @entity0 (BG) was maintained at its basal level (4.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l). In group II (n = 7), BG was allowed to fall to approximately 3 mmol/l. Group III (n = 6) was similar to group II except that @entity3 was infused also. In addition, at 240 min, @entity5 was locally corrected by intrabrachial @entity0 infusion while maintaining the systemic milieu unperturbed. In group I, forearm @entity0 uptake (FGU) increased from 4.7 +/- 1.3 to a mean value of 37.8 +/- 5.0 mumol.l-1.min-1, whereas in group II it remained unchanged (8.3 +/- 2.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). In group III, @entity3 partially prevented the suppression of FGU that increased to 21.6 +/- 5.2 mumol.l-1.min-1 (P < 0.05 vs. group II). Local correction of @entity5 normalized the FGU response (36.5 +/- 8.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). Muscle release of @entity2 , but not of @entity1 , was slightly higher during @entity5 (P = not significant). Forearm blood flow remained unchanged in groups I and III, whereas it increased by approximately 40% in group II (P < 0.05). It is concluded that, during mild @entity5 1) extreme insulin resistance develops in the skeletal muscle, mediated by beta-adrenergic stimulation and reduced @entity0 mass effect and 2) mobilization of gluconeogenic precursors is only weakly activated.

title: Forearm muscle insulin resistance during @entity5 : role of adrenergic mechanisms and XXXX per se.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heparan @entity3 proteoglycans (HSPGs) are complex molecules involved in the growth, invasion and metastatic properties of cancerous cells. This study analyses the alterations in the expression patterns of these molecules in right sided @entity2 ( @entity2 ), both metastatic and non-metastatic. METHODS: Twenty right sided CRCs were studied. A transcriptomic approach was used, employing qPCR to analyze both the expression of the enzymes involved in heparan @entity3 (HS) chains biosynthesis, as well as the proteoglycan core proteins. Since some of these proteoglycans can also carry chondroitin @entity3 (CS) chains, we include the study of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these glycosaminoglycans. Immunohistochemical techniques were also used to analyze tissue expression of particular genes showing significant expression differences, of potential interest. RESULTS: Changes in proteoglycan core proteins differ depending on their location; those located intracellularly or in the extracellular matrix show very similar alteration patterns, while those located on the cell surface vary greatly depending on the nature of the @entity1 : glypicans 1, 3, 6 and betaglycan are affected in the non-metastatic @entity1 , whereas in the metastatic, only @entity5 and @entity4 are modified, the latter showing opposing alterations in levels of RNA and of protein, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation in these @entity1 . Furthermore, in non-metastatic @entity1 , polymerization of glycosaminoglycan chains is modified, particularly affecting the synthesis of the @entity6 linker and the initiation and elongation of CS chains, HS chains being less affected. Regarding the enzymes responsible for the modificaton of the HS chains, alterations were only found in non-metastatic @entity1 , affecting N-sulfation and the isoforms @entity7 , HS3ST3B and @entity8 . In contrast, synthesis of the CS chains suggests changes in epimerization and sulfation of the C4 and C2 in both types of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Right sided CRCs show alterations in the expression of HSPGs, including the expression of the cell surface core proteins, many glycosiltransferases and some enzymes that modify the HS chains depending on the metastatic nature of the @entity1 , resulting more affected in non-metastatic ones. However, matrix proteoglycans and enzymes involved in CS fine structure synthesis are extensively modified independetly of the presence of lymph node @entity0 .

title: Heparan XXXX proteoglycans undergo differential expression alterations in right sided @entity2 , depending on their metastatic character.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heparan @entity3 proteoglycans (HSPGs) are complex molecules involved in the growth, invasion and metastatic properties of cancerous cells. This study analyses the alterations in the expression patterns of these molecules in right sided @entity2 ( @entity2 ), both metastatic and non-metastatic. METHODS: Twenty right sided CRCs were studied. A transcriptomic approach was used, employing qPCR to analyze both the expression of the enzymes involved in heparan @entity3 (HS) chains biosynthesis, as well as the proteoglycan core proteins. Since some of these proteoglycans can also carry chondroitin @entity3 (CS) chains, we include the study of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these glycosaminoglycans. Immunohistochemical techniques were also used to analyze tissue expression of particular genes showing significant expression differences, of potential interest. RESULTS: Changes in proteoglycan core proteins differ depending on their location; those located intracellularly or in the extracellular matrix show very similar alteration patterns, while those located on the cell surface vary greatly depending on the nature of the @entity1 : glypicans 1, 3, 6 and betaglycan are affected in the non-metastatic @entity1 , whereas in the metastatic, only @entity5 and @entity4 are modified, the latter showing opposing alterations in levels of RNA and of protein, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation in these @entity1 . Furthermore, in non-metastatic @entity1 , polymerization of glycosaminoglycan chains is modified, particularly affecting the synthesis of the @entity6 linker and the initiation and elongation of CS chains, HS chains being less affected. Regarding the enzymes responsible for the modificaton of the HS chains, alterations were only found in non-metastatic @entity1 , affecting N-sulfation and the isoforms @entity7 , HS3ST3B and @entity8 . In contrast, synthesis of the CS chains suggests changes in epimerization and sulfation of the C4 and C2 in both types of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Right sided CRCs show alterations in the expression of HSPGs, including the expression of the cell surface core proteins, many glycosiltransferases and some enzymes that modify the HS chains depending on the metastatic nature of the @entity1 , resulting more affected in non-metastatic ones. However, matrix proteoglycans and enzymes involved in CS fine structure synthesis are extensively modified independetly of the presence of lymph node @entity0 .

title: Heparan @entity3 proteoglycans undergo differential expression alterations in right sided XXXX , depending on their metastatic character.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Learning is believed to be reflected in the activity of the hippocampus. However, neural correlates of learning have been difficult to characterize because hippocampal activity is integrated with ongoing behavior. To address this issue, male @entity0 (n   =   5) implanted with electrodes (n   =   14) in the @entity2 subfield responded during two tasks within a single test session. In one task, subjects acquired a new 3-response sequence (acquisition), whereas in the other task, subjects completed a well-rehearsed 3-response sequence (performance). Both tasks though could be completed using an identical response topography and used the same sensory stimuli and schedule of reinforcement. More important, comparing neural patterns during sequence acquisition to those during sequence performance allows for a subtractive approach whereby activity associated with learning could potentially be dissociated from the activity associated with ongoing behavior. At sites where @entity2 activity was closely associated with behavior, the patterns of activity were differentially modulated by key position and the serial position of a response within the schedule of reinforcement. Temporal shifts between peak activity and responding on particular keys also occurred during sequence acquisition, but not during sequence performance. @entity1 disrupted @entity2 activity while producing rate-decreasing effects in both tasks and error-increasing effects that were more selective for sequence acquisition than sequence performance. @entity1 also produced alterations in the magnitude of modulations and temporal pattern of @entity2 activity, although these effects were not selective for sequence acquisition. Similar to @entity1 , hippocampal micro-stimulation decreased response rate in both tasks and selectively increased the percentage of errors during sequence acquisition, and provided a more direct demonstration of hippocampal involvement during sequence acquisition. Together, these results strongly support the notion that @entity1 disrupts sequence acquisition by disrupting hippocampal activity and that the hippocampus is necessary for the conditioned associations required for sequence acquisition.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Learning by subtraction: Hippocampal activity and effects of XXXX during the acquisition and performance of response sequences.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the patency of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of autologous infrainguinal bypasses at risk. METHODS: This was a retrospective single-center cohort study of consecutive @entity0 who underwent primary PTA of an infrainguinal autologous bypass at risk from January 2009 to December 2013. Duplex ultrasound surveillance was performed for at least 1  year after PTA. The primary study end point was the number of secondary interventions. Secondary end points were freedom from recurrent @entity1 or bypass occlusion and the patency of the infrainguinal autologous bypass at 1  year after primary PTA. RESULTS: A total of 69 infrainguinal bypasses at risk in 69 @entity0 were identified and treated with PTA. Technical success was achieved in 91%. The median follow-up was 17  months (range, 1-58  months). During follow-up, 30 bypasses (43%) remained free of significant @entity1 or bypass occlusion, 29 bypasses (42%) developed recurrent @entity1 , and 10 bypasses (14%) occluded. Rates of primary assisted, and secondary patency at 1  year were 84%, and 86%. Five (7%) major amputations were performed, all after bypass occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary interventions after PTA of a bypass at risk are common. However, repeated secondary interventions of autologous infrainguinal bypasses at risk result in patency rates of more than 80% at 1  year.

title: Secondary interventions in XXXX with autologous infrainguinal bypass grafts strongly improve patency rates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of @entity3 , an @entity2 derivative, were studied on intraocular pressure (IOP), outflow facility, @entity4 flow, and pupil size in monkeys. Unilateral topical administration of two 20-microliters drops of 0.1% @entity3 significantly lowered IOP in the treated- and contralateral eye in both normal- and @entity5 . In 12 normal monkeys, the baseline IOP of 18.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg [mean +/- S.E.(M.)] was maximally reduced to 14.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg in the treated eye (P less than 0.001) and 14.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg in the contralateral eye (P less than 0.001) at 2 hr after drug administration. In 10 monkeys made bilaterally glaucomatous by argon laser treatment of the trabecular meshwork, the baseline IOP of 33.9 +/- 3.0 mmHg [mean +/- S.E.(M.)] in the treated eyes and 31.7 +/- 3.3 mmHg in the untreated eyes maximally decreased to 23.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and 26.2 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P less than 0.005), respectively, at 5 hr. No significant change (P greater than 0.7) in outflow facility occurred in either eye of 11 normal monkeys 2 hr after unilateral 0.1% @entity3 treatment. In six normal monkeys, the baseline @entity4 flow of 1.58 +/- 0.20 microliter @entity1 in treated eyes and 1.44 +/- 0.18 microliter @entity1 in untreated eyes was reduced to 0.92 +/- 0.08 microliter @entity1 (P less than 0.02) and 1.09 +/- 0.11 microliter @entity1 (P greater than 0.10), respectively, from 0.5- to 3.5 hr after drug administration. A mydriatic response was observed in both eyes after unilateral treatment from 1- to 2 hr in eight normal monkeys. By the third day of treatment, bilateral twice a day 0.1% @entity3 drops in eight @entity0 no longer significantly (P greater than 0.05) decreased IOP.

title: Effect of topical @entity3 on aqueous dynamics in normal and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The effects of @entity3 , an @entity2 derivative, were studied on intraocular pressure (IOP), outflow facility, @entity4 flow, and pupil size in monkeys. Unilateral topical administration of two 20-microliters drops of 0.1% @entity3 significantly lowered IOP in the treated- and contralateral eye in both normal- and @entity5 . In 12 normal monkeys, the baseline IOP of 18.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg [mean +/- S.E.(M.)] was maximally reduced to 14.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg in the treated eye (P less than 0.001) and 14.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg in the contralateral eye (P less than 0.001) at 2 hr after drug administration. In 10 monkeys made bilaterally glaucomatous by argon laser treatment of the trabecular meshwork, the baseline IOP of 33.9 +/- 3.0 mmHg [mean +/- S.E.(M.)] in the treated eyes and 31.7 +/- 3.3 mmHg in the untreated eyes maximally decreased to 23.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and 26.2 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P less than 0.005), respectively, at 5 hr. No significant change (P greater than 0.7) in outflow facility occurred in either eye of 11 normal monkeys 2 hr after unilateral 0.1% @entity3 treatment. In six normal monkeys, the baseline @entity4 flow of 1.58 +/- 0.20 microliter @entity1 in treated eyes and 1.44 +/- 0.18 microliter @entity1 in untreated eyes was reduced to 0.92 +/- 0.08 microliter @entity1 (P less than 0.02) and 1.09 +/- 0.11 microliter @entity1 (P greater than 0.10), respectively, from 0.5- to 3.5 hr after drug administration. A mydriatic response was observed in both eyes after unilateral treatment from 1- to 2 hr in eight normal monkeys. By the third day of treatment, bilateral twice a day 0.1% @entity3 drops in eight @entity0 no longer significantly (P greater than 0.05) decreased IOP.

title: Effect of topical XXXX on aqueous dynamics in normal and @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The natural history of penetrating @entity7 of the iliac arteries (PUIA) has not been previously described. The potential for degeneration into pseudoanerysm and @entity3 are feared complications. It is hypothesized that PUIA, similar to their thoracic aortic counterparts, signal impending vascular catastrophe. METHODS: A search of computed tomography (CT) angiography reports for the words, "penetrating @entity7 " was performed. @entity0 with PUIA who underwent CT imaging from October 2010 to August 2011 were identified. Their clinical course was followed through December 2014. If @entity0 with PUIA had additional vascular pathology that necessitated intervention, it was performed. A prospective and retrospective review of the imaging was performed when possible. Associated iliac diameter and @entity7 dimensions were measured for @entity0 with repeat imaging (n  = 22). Demographic characteristics were compared for @entity0 who were identified as having penetrating @entity7 of the abdominal aorta. Mann-Whitney U, Fisher exact, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The calculated incidence of PUIA for @entity0 who underwent CT imaging was 0.3%. The age at the time of diagnosis was 70.7     10.0  years and the cohort included 28 male @entity0 (82.3%). Median clinical and imaging follow-up was 42.0 (range, 1-82) months and 40.5 (range, 1-77) months. Most @entity0 had a history of @entity1 (82.4%), @entity4 (76.5%), and @entity2 use (70.6%). Twenty-one @entity0 (61.8%) had concomitant @entity5 not necessarily associated with the PUIA. Although no PUIA @entity3 occurred, the population was sick because seven @entity0 (20.6%) were deceased at the study end. Only one individual presented with symptoms that could possibly be attributed to their PUIA. Repeat imaging was performed for 22 @entity0 (64.7%). The calculated median iliac artery diameter growth rate through the PUIA was 0.1 (range, 0-4.1) mm/y. CONCLUSIONS: PUIA are generally slow-growing and are found incidentally. Most @entity0 with PUIA were in their eighth decade with a history of @entity1 and @entity2 use. @entity0 with PUIA frequently have concurrent @entity6 that requires intervention. The mortality for this population was high, but was not caused by @entity3 of a PUIA.  Diameter changes noted in the PUIA during follow-up did not suggest @entity7 treatment would improve survival.

title: The natural history of penetrating XXXX of the iliac arteries.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the Misago stent (Terumo Corp, Tokyo, Japan) in occlusive and stenotic superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease. METHODS: The safety and efficacy of the Misago SFA stent were evaluated prospectively in this initial collaboration trial between Japan and the United States. Because this trial enrolled @entity0 mainly from Japan and the United States and because there is a question as to whether a race difference exists in SFA stent performance, the race difference on outcome was also analyzed. In addition, results were compared with a prior SFA stent trial. RESULTS: The Misago stent was implanted in 261subjects with TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) type A and type B SFA lesions (201 subjects in the United States, 50 in Japan, 9 in Taiwan, 1 in South Korea). The mean age of the @entity0 was 69.3     10.0  years, and the mean lesion length was 83.8     41.3  mm. The overall 12-month primary patency rate and clinically driven @entity1 revascularization were 82.9% and 13.0%, respectively. Regional differences within the Occlusive/Stenotic Peripheral Artery Revascularization Study ( @entity4 ) and outcomes between U.S. and Asian @entity0 were similar, including primary patency (82.9% vs 83.0%; P  = .889), clinically driven @entity1 revascularization (13.4% vs 11.7%; P  = .829), stent @entity2 rate (1.3% vs 0.0%; P  = 1.000), and stent @entity3 rate (0.5% vs 0.0%; P  = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 12-month data showed satisfactory outcome of the Misago stent for the treatment of TASC type A and type B SFA lesions and appears to be comparable to recent stent trials. In addition, the lack of difference in outcome among races supports the value of international trials.

title: One-year outcomes of the U.S. and Japanese regulatory trial of the Misago stent for treatment of superficial femoral artery disease ( XXXX study).

answer: @entity4