abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have potentially catastrophic consequences due to frontal recess (FR) obstruction and proximity to the brain and orbit. Lack of follow-up and ability to predict which type of @entity2 predispose to complications has biased surgeons toward definitive interventions such as sinus obliteration and cranialization. These procedures carry inherent risk and may be unnecessary in a subset of @entity0 . This study seeks to better characterize spontaneous ventilation in subjects with FSFs, including those involving the FR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of a prospectively maintained @entity1 database between 2009 and 2013 at a level 1 @entity1 center. @entity0 with @entity2 with follow-up imaging (>6weeks) available were included. The medical records and imaging were reviewed for evidence of spontaneous ventilation of the frontal sinus. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity0 @entity2 in the study period with mean imaging interval of 67.4weeks (range, 6-188.4weeks). Injury mechanisms included fall (32%), assault (31%), motor vehicle accident (17%), pedestrian-versus-automobile (12%), and gunshot wound (8%). 8/19 @entity0 (42%) sustained FSFs involving the FR and 7/8 (87.5%) spontaneously ventilated by time of interval imaging. The one @entity0 with persistent radiographic sinus opacification was associated with a naso orbital ethmoid and medial orbital blowout fracture. 6/19 @entity0 (32%) sustained @entity2 sparing the FR, and all spontaneously ventilated by the time of interval imaging. 5/19 @entity0 (26%) underwent surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: An expectant, sinus-preserving approach to acute FSFs involving the FR is safe and effective. Etiology of re-ventilation failure may be due to tissue obstruction, rather than the frontal recess fracture itself.

title: Spontaneous ventilation of the frontal sinus after XXXX involving the frontal recess.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: A higher body mass index (BMI) appears to be reversely associated with mortality in dialysis @entity0 . Moreover, although @entity0 have better survival in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), this survival advantage is cancelled in dialysis. The association between BMI and mortality and the gender difference remain controversial in advanced @entity2 . METHODS: This study enrolled 3,320 @entity0 (1,938 @entity0 and 1,382 @entity0 ) from southern Taiwan who had @entity2 stages 3-5 with a BMI of 15.0-35.0 kg/m2. RESULTS: During a median 2.9-year follow-up, there were 328 (16.9%) all-cause mortality and 319 (16.5%) cardiovascular (CV) events and @entity1 in male @entity0 , 213 (15.4%) all-cause mortality and 224 (16.2%) CV events and @entity1 in female @entity0 . Compared with the reference BMI of 27.6-30.0 kg/m2 in an adjusted Cox model, lower-BMI groups in @entity0 , BMI 15.0-20.0 kg/m2 and 20.1-22.5 kg/m2, were associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality: hazard ratios (HRs) 3.19 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-5.18) and 2.01 (95% CI, 1.29-3.14), respectively. Higher-BMI group in @entity0 , BMI 30.1-35.0 kg/m2, was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality: HR 1.72 (95% CI, 1.02-2.96). Likewise, lower- and higher-BMI groups in @entity0 were associated with a higher risk of CV events and @entity1 . In @entity0 , these associations between BMI and poor outcomes were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: In advanced @entity2 , there was a reverse J-shaped association between BMI and all-cause mortality, and a U-shaped association between BMI and CV outcomes in @entity0 . Neutral associations between BMI and poor outcomes were detected in @entity0 . Gender could modify the effect of BMI on mortality in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Body Mass Index, Mortality, and Gender Difference in Advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active complex (consistent of 15 active compounds) on @entity2 -induced RAW264. 7 cells. The effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active complex on cell viability in RAW264. 7 cells were determined by @entity1 assay. The inhibitory effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex on the releasing of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 induced by @entity2 in RAW264. 7 cells was detected by ELISA assay. The expression of @entity3 and @entity6 in Guizhi Fuling capsule or active complex treated RAW264. 7 cells was examined by Western blot assay. Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex showed no significant effect on the cell viability in RAW264. 7 cells at doses range from 12.5 to 400 mg x L(-1). Compared with @entity2 treated group, Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex dose dependently reduced the releasing of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 induced by @entity2 in RAW264. 7 cells. Moreover, the expression of @entity3 and @entity6 was decreased after Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex treatment, which might contribute to the inhibitory effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule in the releasing of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 . This study provided the evidence that Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex remarkably inhibited the releasing of @entity3 , @entity4 and PGE2induced by @entity2 in RAW264. 7 cells by reducing the expression @entity3 and @entity6 . This study provided an experimental basis of Guizhi Fuling capsule for the treatment of @entity0 and a theoretical basis for the development of effective compounds of Guizhi Fuling capsule.

title: [Study on anti- XXXX effect and involved mechanism of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active complex].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The E2F/Pocket protein (Rb) pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, and @entity1 by modulating gene expression. We previously examined this pathway in the myocardium via manipulation of the unique E2F repressor, @entity11 , which is believed to repress gene activity independently of Rb. @entity0 with targeted expression of @entity11 in postnatal myocardium developed @entity2 ( @entity2 ) without @entity3 . We assessed the mechanisms of the apparent failure of compensatory @entity3 as well as their response to the b-adrenergic agonist @entity8 . As early as 2weeks, @entity11 transgenic (Tg) @entity0 present with dilated thinner left ventricles and significantly reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening which persists at 6weeks of age, but with no apparent increase in left ventricle weight: body weight (LVW:BW). @entity11 -Tg @entity0 treated with @entity8 (6.1mg/kg/day) show double the increase in LVW:BW than their Wt counterparts (32% vs 16%, p-value: 0.007). Western blot analysis revealed the activation of the adrenergic pathway in Tg heart tissue under basal conditions with ~2-fold increase in the level of b2-adrenergic receptors (p-value: 8.9E-05), protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKA-C) (p-value: 0.0176), activated c-Src @entity9 -protein kinase (p-value: 0.0002), @entity10 ( @entity10 ) (p-value: 0.0005), and induction of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity5 (p-value 0. 0.00001). In contrast, a ~60% decrease in the cardiac growth regulator: @entity7 (p-value 0.0001) and a ~four fold increase in @entity6 dependent @entity12 ( @entity12 ), the negative regulator of PKA activity, were evident in the myocardium of @entity11 -Tg @entity0 . The expression of @entity13 was down-regulated by @entity11 , but was restored by @entity8 . Further, Rb expression was down-regulated in Tg @entity0 in response to @entity8 implying a net activation of the E2F pathway. Thus the unique regulation of E2F activity by @entity11 renders the myocardium hypersensitive to adrenergic stimulus resulting in robust @entity3 . These data reveal a novel interplay between the E2F pathway, b2-adrenergic/PKA/ @entity12 , and @entity10 /c-Src axis in fine tuning the pathological @entity3 response. @entity11 deregulates @entity13 such that pro- @entity3 and survival are enhanced via b2-adrenergic signaling however this response is outweighed by the induction of anti- @entity4 signals so that left ventricle dilation proceeds without any increase in muscle mass.

title: Interplay between the E2F pathway and b-adrenergic signaling in the pathological XXXX response of myocardium.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the third most common @entity2 in @entity0 globally, and despite treatment, distant @entity1 and nodal recurrence will still develop in approximately 30% of @entity0 . The ability to predict which @entity0 are likely to experience distant relapse would allow clinicians to better tailor treatment. Previous studies have investigated the role of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity2 , which can promote @entity2 initiation and growth; a hallmark of @entity0 @entity2 . In this study, we sought to examine the published CIN70 gene signature in a cohort of @entity2 @entity0 treated at the Princess Margaret (PM) Cancer Centre and an independent cohort of The @entity2 (TCGA) @entity2 @entity0 , to determine if this @entity3 signature associated with @entity0 outcome. METHODS: @entity2 samples were collected from 79 @entity0 , treated between 2000-2007 at the PM, prior to undergoing curative chemo-radiation. Total RNA was extracted from each @entity0 sample and analyzed using the GeneChip @entity0 Genome U133 Plus 2.0 array (Affymetrix). RESULTS: High CIN70 scores were significantly related to increased chromosomal alterations in TCGA @entity2 @entity0 , including a higher percentage of genome altered and a higher number of copy number alterations. In addition, this same CIN70 signature was shown to be predictive of para-aortic nodal relapse in the PM Cancer Centre cohort. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that @entity3 plays an important role in @entity2 , and is significantly associated with @entity0 outcome. For the first time, this CIN70 gene signature provided prognostic value for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: XXXX as a prognostic marker in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the third most common @entity2 in @entity0 globally, and despite treatment, distant @entity1 and nodal recurrence will still develop in approximately 30% of @entity0 . The ability to predict which @entity0 are likely to experience distant relapse would allow clinicians to better tailor treatment. Previous studies have investigated the role of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity2 , which can promote @entity2 initiation and growth; a hallmark of @entity0 @entity2 . In this study, we sought to examine the published CIN70 gene signature in a cohort of @entity2 @entity0 treated at the Princess Margaret (PM) Cancer Centre and an independent cohort of The @entity2 (TCGA) @entity2 @entity0 , to determine if this @entity3 signature associated with @entity0 outcome. METHODS: @entity2 samples were collected from 79 @entity0 , treated between 2000-2007 at the PM, prior to undergoing curative chemo-radiation. Total RNA was extracted from each @entity0 sample and analyzed using the GeneChip @entity0 Genome U133 Plus 2.0 array (Affymetrix). RESULTS: High CIN70 scores were significantly related to increased chromosomal alterations in TCGA @entity2 @entity0 , including a higher percentage of genome altered and a higher number of copy number alterations. In addition, this same CIN70 signature was shown to be predictive of para-aortic nodal relapse in the PM Cancer Centre cohort. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that @entity3 plays an important role in @entity2 , and is significantly associated with @entity0 outcome. For the first time, this CIN70 gene signature provided prognostic value for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: @entity3 as a prognostic marker in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: SCOPE: Insulin resistance represents an independent risk factor for metabolic and @entity2 . Researchers have been interested in identifying active harmless compounds, as many insulin-sensitizing drugs have shown unwanted side-effects. It has been demonstrated that @entity11 and one of their representative metabolites, @entity17 ( @entity13 ), ameliorate @entity12 , and insulin sensitivity. This study investigated the mechanism of action of @entity13 responsible for the @entity5 uptake upregulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: In @entity0 visceral adipocytes, @entity13 stimulated @entity16 ( @entity16 ) @entity10 phosphorylation (+40% with respect to untreated cells) and the downstream events, i.e. @entity14 3-kinase binding to @entity16 and Akt phosphorylation (+100%, +180%, respectively, with respect to untreated cells). The insulin-like activity of @entity13 seemed to be mediated by @entity15 since by inhibiting its autophosphorylation, the @entity13 effects were completely abolished. Furthermore, @entity13 was able to activate @entity7 -activated protein kinase, a @entity6 / @entity8 kinase whose activation elicits insulin-sensitizing effects. CONCLUSION: This study showed that @entity13 stimulates the insulin signaling pathway in @entity0 adipocytes increasing @entity9 translocation and @entity5 uptake. Decreasing insulin resistance is a most desirable aim to be reached for an effective therapeutic/preventive action against @entity4 and @entity3 2 @entity1 . Identifying specific food/food components able to improve @entity5 metabolism can offer an attractive, novel, and economical strategy.

title: XXXX activates key components of insulin signaling pathway mimicking insulin activity.

answer: @entity17


abstract: Breath analysis is commonly understood to target gaseous or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the characterization of different pathologies. Targeted analysis is most effective if a working hypothesis can be based on a plethora of data. The recently published volatilome builds an optimal basis for organizing powerful target sets. However, the origin and pathways of biosynthesis of many VOCs are not known, which complicates the formulation of useful hypotheses. To find the missing link between VOCs and their origin, it is necessary to analyze their precursor fluids themselves. In order to provide condensation nuclei for the generation of future hypotheses, we provide the compositional space over 23 samples of the unperturbed @entity0 exhaled breath condensate (EBC) metabolome. We propose a way to connect the compositional spaces of both VOCs and EBC so as to gain insight into the most probable form of VOC precursors. In a way analogous to tandem @entity1 it is possible to create a mass difference network over compositional data by linking compositions with mass differences that are designed to mimic biochemical reactions. We propose to use mass difference enrichment analysis (MDEA) in order to mine probable relations between VOCs and their precursor fluids. We have found 2691 EBC compositions and linked them to 235 breath VOC compositions that correspond to 848 individual compounds. We found that VOCs are likely to be found as @entity5 conjugates or as @entity4 conjugates with @entity3 or @entity2 playing a major role. Furthermore, we found that @entity6 mass differences may be more indicative for oxidative stress than oxygenation-hydrogenation sequences.

title: The compositional space of exhaled breath condensate and its link to the XXXX breath volatilome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To study the inflammatory microenvironment and expression of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity1 . METHODS: CBRH-7919 @entity2 cells were injected into the subcutaneous region of @entity1 . Beginning two weeks after the challenge, @entity0 growth was measured every week for six weeks. The stromal microenvironment and inflammatory cell infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemistry in paired @entity0 and adjacent peritumoral samples, and macrophage phenotype was assessed using double-stain immunohistochemistry incorporating expression of an intracellular enzyme. A chemokine PCR array, comprised of 98 genes, was used to screen differential gene expressions, which were validated by Western blotting. Additionally, expression of identified chemokines was knocked-down by RNA interference, and the effect on @entity0 growth was assessed. RESULTS: Inflammatory cell infiltrates are a key feature of adjacent peritumoral tissues with increased macrophage, neutrophil, and T cell (specifically helper and activated subsets) infiltration. Macrophages within adjacent peritumoral tissues express inducible @entity4 synthase, suggestive of a proinflammatory phenotype. Fifty-one genes were identified in @entity0 tissues during the progression period, including 50 that were overexpressed (including @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity9 ) and three that were underexpressed ( @entity8 , Ifg and @entity6 ). RNA interference of @entity7 in the CBRH-7919 cells decreased the growth of @entity0 in @entity1 and inhibited expression of @entity5 , @entity9 and @entity3 protein. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity7 plays a critical role in @entity0 growth and may serve as a potential molecular target for use in @entity2 therapy.

title: Inflammatory microenvironment and expression of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) diagnosed in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included a cross-sectional analysis, and was an extension of the Thai Study of @entity4 (THAISAD) project. Eighty-five outpatients with @entity2 were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory to assess for @entity2 , in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity1 , Fourth Edition, Text Revision and using the Thai version of the Structured Clinical Interview for @entity3 to assess for @entity5 . RESULTS: Seventy-seven percent of the @entity0 had at least one @entity5 , 40% had one @entity5 and 60% had two or more @entity3 (mixed cluster). The most common @entity3 found were borderline @entity5 (20%) and @entity6 (10.6%), while the occurrence of avoidant @entity5 was low when compared to the findings of previous, related studies. Among the mixed cluster, cluster A combined with cluster C was the common mix. Both @entity7 and double @entity2 were found to have a higher proportion of @entity3 than @entity2 (85.7% versus 76.1%). Dependent @entity5 was found to be less common in this study than in previous studies, including those carried out in Asia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity3 among those with @entity2 varied, and only borderline @entity5 seems to be consistently high within and across cultures. Mixed cluster plays a prominent role in @entity2 , so more attention should be paid to @entity0 in this category.

title: Comorbid @entity3 among @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) diagnosed in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included a cross-sectional analysis, and was an extension of the Thai Study of @entity4 (THAISAD) project. Eighty-five outpatients with @entity2 were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory to assess for @entity2 , in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity1 , Fourth Edition, Text Revision and using the Thai version of the Structured Clinical Interview for @entity3 to assess for @entity5 . RESULTS: Seventy-seven percent of the @entity0 had at least one @entity5 , 40% had one @entity5 and 60% had two or more @entity3 (mixed cluster). The most common @entity3 found were borderline @entity5 (20%) and @entity6 (10.6%), while the occurrence of avoidant @entity5 was low when compared to the findings of previous, related studies. Among the mixed cluster, cluster A combined with cluster C was the common mix. Both @entity7 and double @entity2 were found to have a higher proportion of @entity3 than @entity2 (85.7% versus 76.1%). Dependent @entity5 was found to be less common in this study than in previous studies, including those carried out in Asia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity3 among those with @entity2 varied, and only borderline @entity5 seems to be consistently high within and across cultures. Mixed cluster plays a prominent role in @entity2 , so more attention should be paid to @entity0 in this category.

title: Comorbid XXXX among @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) diagnosed in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included a cross-sectional analysis, and was an extension of the Thai Study of @entity4 (THAISAD) project. Eighty-five outpatients with @entity2 were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory to assess for @entity2 , in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity1 , Fourth Edition, Text Revision and using the Thai version of the Structured Clinical Interview for @entity3 to assess for @entity5 . RESULTS: Seventy-seven percent of the @entity0 had at least one @entity5 , 40% had one @entity5 and 60% had two or more @entity3 (mixed cluster). The most common @entity3 found were borderline @entity5 (20%) and @entity6 (10.6%), while the occurrence of avoidant @entity5 was low when compared to the findings of previous, related studies. Among the mixed cluster, cluster A combined with cluster C was the common mix. Both @entity7 and double @entity2 were found to have a higher proportion of @entity3 than @entity2 (85.7% versus 76.1%). Dependent @entity5 was found to be less common in this study than in previous studies, including those carried out in Asia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity3 among those with @entity2 varied, and only borderline @entity5 seems to be consistently high within and across cultures. Mixed cluster plays a prominent role in @entity2 , so more attention should be paid to @entity0 in this category.

title: Comorbid @entity3 among XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oncogenic @entity3 ) infection is the cause of nearly all @entity1 and a proportion of other anogenital and @entity1 . A bivalent vaccine containing @entity5 and 18 and a quadrivalent vaccine containing HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 antigens are in use in vaccination programmes around the world. In clinical trials, three vaccine doses provided 90-100% protection against cervical @entity1 related to @entity5 and 18 in @entity0 aged 15-26 years who were not infected at vaccination. Partial cross-protection against other HPV types has been reported but its duration is unknown. The vaccines were also efficacious at the prevention of @entity5 and 18 @entity2 at other anatomical sites in both sexes. Immunobridging studies allowed licensing of the vaccines for use starting at age 9 years for both sexes. Two-dose schedules elicit high antibody concentrations, leading to the recommendation of two-dose schedules for @entity0 aged 9-14 years. Pre-licensure and post-licensure studies have provided data supporting vaccine safety. In 2014, a nonavalent vaccine containing HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 antigens was licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration. HPV vaccination was first introduced in high-income countries owing to vaccine cost, logistic challenges, and competing health priorities. Since 2011, vaccine prices have lowered, allowing the introduction of the vaccine in some middle-income countries. Funding of the vaccine by the GAVI Alliance in 2012 led to demonstration projects in some low-income countries. By 2014, more than 57 countries had included the HPV vaccine in their national health programmes. Data from several countries have shown the effect of vaccination on @entity4 and associated disease, and provided evidence of herd immunity. Expansion of programmes to countries with the highest burden of disease is beginning, but further efforts are needed to realise the potential of HPV vaccines.

title: Present status of XXXX vaccine development and implementation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) play pivotal roles in outbreak responses. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) outbreak spread to Lagos, Nigeria, in July 2014, infecting 11 @entity2 (case fatality rate of 45%). This study was conducted during the outbreak to assess @entity2 ' @entity1 -related knowledge and practices. METHODS: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among @entity2 across Lagos State using stratified sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to elicit respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and practices. A checklist assessing health facility's level of preparedness and @entity2 ' @entity1 -related training was employed. @entity2 ' knowledge and practices were scored and classified as either good or poor. Multivariate analysis was performed with confidence interval set at 95%. RESULTS: A total of 112 health facilities with 637 @entity2 were recruited. Mean age of respondents was 40.1      10.9  years. Overall, 72.5% had good knowledge; doctors knew most. However, only 4.6% of @entity2 reported good practices. 16.6% reported having been trained in identifying suspected @entity1 @entity0 (s); 12.2% had a triaging area for febrile @entity0 in their facilities. Higher proportions of @entity2 with good knowledge and training reported good practices. @entity2 with @entity1 -related training were three times more likely to adopt good practices. CONCLUSION: Lagos State @entity2 had good knowledge of @entity1 without a corresponding level of good practices. Training was a predictor of good practices.

title: XXXX - gaps in knowledge and practice among healthcare workers in Lagos, August 2014.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three experiments were done in Charles River @entity0 to assess the effects of various doses of @entity1 given at different periods of pregnancy on the postnatal function of the offspring. In the first study doses of 5 mg/kg of body weight were given on days 8-10, 11-13, or 14-16. In the second study, doses of 2.5 or 5 mg/kg were given on days 11-13 or 14-16. In the third study, doses of 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg were given on days 14-16. Five mg/kg given on days 11-13 resulted in significant postnatal mortality, while the viability at all other doses and periods was not affected. The weights of the pups at birth and weaning were normal except in the first study when the pups from dams given 5 mg/kg on days 14-16 were smaller than controls at weaning. The pups from dams treated with 4, 5 or 6 mg/kg consistently showed a delayed response to negative geotropism and auditory startle was delayed in two of the studies at 6 mg/kg. @entity2 in preweaning @entity0 tested in photo-cell cages was seen only in the first study, but open-field @entity2 occurred in all three studies at doses of 4 mg/kg or above. The M-maze performance of the @entity0 from groups dosed with 4, 5 or 6 mg/kg on days 8-10 or 14-16 and the ones dosed with 2.5 mg/kg on days 11-13 was poorer than controls. No differences were seen in either photo-cell or open-field activity at 42 days, but in the final experiment, the @entity0 from the 6 mg/kg group were hyperactive at 100+ days in running wheels. The @entity0 in the 6 mg/kg group performed more poorly at active avoidance and were hypoactive after an @entity3 challenge. These studies show that @entity1 given prenatally induced functional deficits in the offspring at doses below the "no-effect" level for producing morphological defects and suggests that @entity1 may be a good model compound for such studies.

title: The effects of prenatal XXXX on the viability and behavior of the offspring.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although pre-emptive @entity7 is commonly used for the management of @entity2 in developed countries, no defined protocol has been carried out and widely practiced, especially in transabdominal hysterectomy. Keeping this in mind the present study aimed to investigate the effects of multimodal pre-emptive @entity7 on @entity1 management, stress response and inflammatory factors of @entity0 undergoing transabdominal hysterectomy to find an optimized way of pre-emptive @entity7 . METHODS: One hundred @entity0 undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were randomly divided into four groups (Trial registration: ChiCTR-IPR-15005848). Group P1 was given intravenous @entity10 and epidural @entity8 + @entity9 before surgery; Group P2 received intravenous @entity10 before surgery and epidural @entity8 + @entity9 after surgery; Group P3 was given epidural @entity8 + @entity9 before surgery and intravenous @entity10 after surgery; @entity0 in Group C received normal saline treatment. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the first time to request additional analgesics after surgery were significantly later (P < 0.05), 24 h dosage of @entity7 were significantly less (P < 0.05), VAS score at all time periods after surgery were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Group P1, P2, or P3. At 12 h or 24 h after surgery, VAS score in Group P1 was significantly lower than that in group @entity11 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). No significant adverse effects were found among the groups (P > 0.05). At 1 or 2 days after surgery, the levels of @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity5 , @entity3 in group P1, P2, and P3 were significantly lower than those in group C (P < 0.05); while, the levels in group P2, P3 were significantly lower than those in group P1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multimodal pre-emptive @entity7 could significantly lower VAS score, inhibit stress response, and reduce inflammatory response in @entity0 undergoing transabdominal hysterectomy, which can be a rational strategy for @entity1 control in future. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR-IPR-15005848 on January 17, 2015.

title: Preoperative and postoperative analgesic techniques in the treatment of XXXX undergoing transabdominal hysterectomy: a preliminary randomized trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A case of convexity @entity5 associated with @entity3 with parasellar extension is presented. A 61-year-old female who had complained of left @entity4 and @entity2 was admitted to our hospital. On admission she showed left @entity6 . Plain CT revealed an isodense mass in the sellar and parasellar region. Computed angiotomography demonstrated that this mass was enhanced heterogeneously and filled the sellar turcica and extended superiorly. And homogeneously enhanced mass in the convexity without mass effect was observed. Angiogram revealed no @entity0 stain in any phase. With these findings, this case was diagnosed as the @entity3 preoperatively. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was carried out, and subtotal @entity0 and total @entity0 were performed. Pathologically the sellar and parasellar @entity0 was diagnosed as @entity3 , @entity0 as @entity5 derived from dura mater. Convexity @entity5 derived from dura mater is very rare, only one case was reported previously. Only 2 cases of @entity5 associated with @entity3 have been reported in the literature. Correlation between @entity5 and @entity3 is discussed. It is possible to owe this complication to the @entity1 concerning with inner factor like genetic factor and so on, because both @entity0 are mesodermal origin. However it is proper to regard that this complication occurred by chance.

title: [A case of convexity @entity5 associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A case of convexity @entity5 associated with @entity3 with parasellar extension is presented. A 61-year-old female who had complained of left @entity4 and @entity2 was admitted to our hospital. On admission she showed left @entity6 . Plain CT revealed an isodense mass in the sellar and parasellar region. Computed angiotomography demonstrated that this mass was enhanced heterogeneously and filled the sellar turcica and extended superiorly. And homogeneously enhanced mass in the convexity without mass effect was observed. Angiogram revealed no @entity0 stain in any phase. With these findings, this case was diagnosed as the @entity3 preoperatively. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was carried out, and subtotal @entity0 and total @entity0 were performed. Pathologically the sellar and parasellar @entity0 was diagnosed as @entity3 , @entity0 as @entity5 derived from dura mater. Convexity @entity5 derived from dura mater is very rare, only one case was reported previously. Only 2 cases of @entity5 associated with @entity3 have been reported in the literature. Correlation between @entity5 and @entity3 is discussed. It is possible to owe this complication to the @entity1 concerning with inner factor like genetic factor and so on, because both @entity0 are mesodermal origin. However it is proper to regard that this complication occurred by chance.

title: [A case of convexity XXXX associated with @entity3 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Native populations of @entity1 in Poland, from the southern Baltic region, became extinct in the 1980s. Attempts to restitute salmon populations in Poland have been based on a Latvian salmon population from the Daugava river. Releases of hatchery reared smolts started in 1986, but to date, only one population with confirmed natural reproduction has been observed in the @entity2 . Our aim was to investigate the genetic differentiation of salmon populations in the southern Baltic using a 7K SNP (single @entity0 polymorphism) array in order to assess the impact of salmon restitution in Poland. METHODS: One hundred and forty salmon samples were collected from: the Polish @entity2 including wild salmon and individuals from two hatcheries, the Swedish Morrum river and the Lithuanian Neman river. All samples were genotyped using an @entity1 7K SNP array. A set of 3218 diagnostic SNPs was used for genetic analyses. RESULTS: Genetic structure analyses indicated that the individuals from the investigated populations were clustered into three groups i.e. one clade that included individuals from both hatcheries and the wild population from the Polish @entity2 , which was clearly separated from the other clades. An assignment test showed that there were no stray fish from the Morrum or Neman rivers in the sample analyzed from the @entity2 . Global FST over polymorphic loci was high (0.177). A strong genetic differentiation was observed between the Lithuanian and Swedish populations (FST = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: Wild juvenile salmon specimens that were sampled from the @entity2 were the progeny of fish released from hatcheries and, most likely, were not progeny of stray fish from Sweden or Lithuania. Strong genetic differences were observed between the salmon populations from the three studied locations. Our recommendation is that future stocking activities that aim at restituting salmon populations in Poland include stocking material from the Lithuanian Neman river because of its closer geographic proximity.

title: Restitution and genetic differentiation of salmon populations in the southern Baltic genotyped with the XXXX 7K SNP array.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although @entity10 is comparatively common, involvement of the sphenoidal sinus region is extremely rare. Lame reported that a total of twelve cases had been described in the European literature since 1800. Mikaelin, Kulczynski and Dolan, since then, described three cases. This paper deals with two surgical cases of @entity2 , reviewing literature on @entity10 and differential diagnosis in the @entity3 . Case 1. A 20-year-old @entity0 was referred to us by an ophthalmologist, complaining of left visual disturbance (visual acuity: 0.02). He had a past history of chronic @entity6 . Neurological examination revealed @entity7 on the left. Plain skull X-ray film showed marked destruction of the sphenoidal sinus and tomography demonstrated thinning and expanding of the sella floor with cloudiness in the sphenoidal sinus. CT scan showed an irregular high density mass in the sphenoidal sinus. Sublabial-nasoseptal sphenoidotomy was performed. The sinus was occupied by homogeneous osseous tissue surrounded by thin fibrous tissue. The osseous part was removed as much as possible by a high speed air drill. Histopathologic examination confirmed mature @entity5 . Postoperative course was uneventful and left visual acuity was improved up to 0.06. He is now doing well without recurrence for six months. Case 2. A 59-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital, complaining of @entity8 for ten years. She had a past history of chronic @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity11 which was evacuated five months before. She had typical acromegalic features and serum levels of @entity9 was 65.8 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX of the sphenoid sinus--report of two cases].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advances in endovascular technology have led to the successful treatment of @entity4 . However, there is currently no consensus on what constitutes a @entity3 . There is emerging evidence that the extent of the @entity3 is associated with outcome. We compare the outcomes of 150 consecutive @entity0 treated with a fenestrated or branched stent graft and present the data stratified according to the Society for Vascular Surgery classification based on proximal anatomic landing zones. METHODS: A prospectively collected database of consecutive @entity0 undergoing fenestrated or branched stent graft insertion in a tertiary center between 2008 and 2013 was retrospectively analyzed. @entity3 were subdivided into zones according to where the area of proximal seal could be achieved in relation to the visceral arteries. Zone 8 covers the renal arteries, zone 7 covers the superior mesenteric artery, and zone 6 covers the @entity5 . @entity0 demographics, operative variables, mortality, and major morbidity were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis to assess for differences between zones. RESULTS: During the study period, 150 @entity0 were treated. There were 49 in zone 8, 76 in zone 7, and 25 in zone 6. Prior aortic surgery had been performed in 19 @entity0 , which included 11 @entity0 with previous @entity3 repairs. There was significantly increased @entity1 (P < .001), operative time (P < .0001), total hospital stay (P = .018), and intensive care unit stay (P < .0001) as the zones ascended the aorta. There were 14 inpatient @entity2 recorded across all zones with a 30-day mortality rate of 8%. Logistic regression analysis for 30 day mortality showed a significant increase as the zones ascended (P = .007). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 5-year survival significantly deteriorated as the zones ascended (P = .039), with no significant difference in the freedom from reintervention curves between zones (P = .37). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that the extent of the @entity3 as determined by the proximal sealing zone is associated with outcome. Mortality, operative duration, @entity1 , and hospital stay all significantly increased as the zones ascended. These data also validate the use of the proposed new classification based on aortic anatomy.

title: Results of complex aortic stent grafting of XXXX stratified according to the proximal landing zone using the Society for Vascular Surgery classification.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Orthodontic tooth movement occurs during the bone remodeling induced by therapeutic mechanical strain. It is important to investigate the relation between the strength of mechanical stress and bone formation activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-magnitude mechanical strain on bone formation in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoblast-like cells isolated from fetal @entity0 calvariae were loaded with 18% cyclic tension force (TF) for 48   h. To phenotypically investigate the effect of TF, we measured the number and the size of bone nodules stained by von Kossa technique on day 21 after cell seeding and determined the @entity1 content of bone nodules on day 14. Furthermore, we examined the gene expression of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 , which are important factors for bone nodule formation, on days 1, 4 and 7 after TF loading. RESULTS: The maximum bone nodule size in the control group was 1620 and 719    m in the TF group. Furthermore, the mean number of bone nodules sized over 360    m in the TF group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. The @entity1 content was also significantly decreased to 42% by TF loading. The mRNA expression of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 was decreased 1 and 4 days after TF loading. CONCLUSION: The differentiation of bone forming progenitor cells into bone nodule forming cells was inhibited by TF due to the decreased expression of bone formation related factors such as @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 .

title: High-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits the differentiation of bone-forming XXXX calvarial progenitor cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tandem occlusions involving both the @entity6 (ICA) and an intracranial artery typically respond poorly to intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). We retrospectively review our experience with proximal ICA stenting and stent-assisted thrombectomy of the distal artery. METHODS: The data included @entity0 that underwent carotid stenting and mechanical thrombectomy between 2012-2013. Radiographic, clinical, and procedural data were drawn from case notes, imaging records and discharge reports. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRs). RESULTS: Seven @entity0 , with a mean age of 66.4 years and a mean admission NIHSS of 18.3, underwent this procedure and were included. Each presented with an occlusion of the proximal ICA, with additional occlusions of the ICA terminus (n   =   3), middle cerebral artery (n   =   5), or anterior cerebral artery (n   =   1). Recanalisation of all identified occlusions was achieved in all @entity0 , with a Thrombolysis in @entity5 (TIMI) score of 3 and a Thrombolysis in @entity2 (TICI) score >2b achieved in each case. Mean time from onset of @entity1 symptoms to recanalisation was 287   min; mean time from first angiography to recanalisation was 52   min. Intracranial @entity4 occurred in two @entity0 , with no increase in NIHSS. There were no mortalities. Mean NIHSS at discharge was 4.9, and mRs at 90 days was one in all @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of tandem extracranial ICA and @entity3 in the setting of acute @entity1 with extracranial carotid artery stenting followed by adjunctive intracranial mechanical thrombectomy is both safe and effective, but further evaluation of this treatment modality is necessary.

title: Emergent XXXX stenting and mechanical thrombectomy in acute @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tandem occlusions involving both the @entity6 (ICA) and an intracranial artery typically respond poorly to intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). We retrospectively review our experience with proximal ICA stenting and stent-assisted thrombectomy of the distal artery. METHODS: The data included @entity0 that underwent carotid stenting and mechanical thrombectomy between 2012-2013. Radiographic, clinical, and procedural data were drawn from case notes, imaging records and discharge reports. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRs). RESULTS: Seven @entity0 , with a mean age of 66.4 years and a mean admission NIHSS of 18.3, underwent this procedure and were included. Each presented with an occlusion of the proximal ICA, with additional occlusions of the ICA terminus (n   =   3), middle cerebral artery (n   =   5), or anterior cerebral artery (n   =   1). Recanalisation of all identified occlusions was achieved in all @entity0 , with a Thrombolysis in @entity5 (TIMI) score of 3 and a Thrombolysis in @entity2 (TICI) score >2b achieved in each case. Mean time from onset of @entity1 symptoms to recanalisation was 287   min; mean time from first angiography to recanalisation was 52   min. Intracranial @entity4 occurred in two @entity0 , with no increase in NIHSS. There were no mortalities. Mean NIHSS at discharge was 4.9, and mRs at 90 days was one in all @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of tandem extracranial ICA and @entity3 in the setting of acute @entity1 with extracranial carotid artery stenting followed by adjunctive intracranial mechanical thrombectomy is both safe and effective, but further evaluation of this treatment modality is necessary.

title: Emergent @entity6 stenting and mechanical thrombectomy in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, outcomes, and follow-up in a large series of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the uterine cervix and investigate if @entity1 ) typing among @entity0 with negative cytology reports would have helped with early @entity2 detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 132 @entity2 cases diagnosed between 1989 and 2012 were retrieved. Clinical and pathological data were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 37 years. Seventy-two percent (n = 95) of all @entity0 were asymptomatic; diagnosis was established using cytology and biopsy. Primary treatment for 124 patents was cold knife cone or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Positive margins were found in 18% of those @entity0 treated with CKC versus 40% in those treated with LEEP. The mean follow-up time was 62 months (range, 2-217 months; median, 46 months). Three recurrences were found after conservative treatment in 86 @entity0 . High-risk HPV (hrHPV) positivity was detected in 115 (96%) of 120 @entity0 , with HPV-18 being the most commonly occurring subtype (51%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a small risk of relapse after conservative therapy with cold knife cone or LEEP when resection margins are negative in @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity0 should be given the options of hysterectomy or conservative therapy with strict follow-up.

title: Conservative Treatment Seems the Best Choice in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Of all cavernous @entity4 (CMs), 4% to 35% are found in the brainstem accounting for 13% of @entity5 of the posterior fossa. The annual risk of @entity3 associated with a CM with no history of a previous @entity3 is very low ranging from 0.6% to 1.1% per year. However, the risk of recurrent @entity3 after a presenting bleed is significantly higher. There is a correlation between the extent of persistent @entity1 and the number of recurrent @entity3 as rehemorrhage increases the rate and severity of @entity1 . @entity1 often improve after a hemorrhagic event spontaneously and sometimes resolve completely. The indication for surgery in @entity0 with brainstem CMs is controversial. Over the years, we have taken a more cautious stance and we often recommend observation in @entity0 after a single symptomatic bleed as most @entity0 return to a good level of functioning after a single bleed. Surgery is recommended for more @entity2 lesions usually after a recurrent bleed. In general, given the very low risk of bleeding from truly asymptomatic lesions, surgery should not be considered in these @entity0 . For symptomatic lesions which have presented with @entity3 , the decision of whether or not to proceed with surgical resection is related to the risk of surgery, @entity0 's disposition and perceived risk of rebleeding. Favorable outcome can be achieved through surgical resection after an appropriate selection of the @entity0 and thorough preoperative surgical planning.

title: Brainstem cavernous XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited scientific data on the impact of smoking on @entity0 -reported outcomes following minimally invasive spine surgery. The aim of this multicenter observational study was to examine the relationship between daily smoking and @entity0 -reported outcome at 1 year using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) after microdecompression for single- and two-level central @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stays, perioperative and @entity1 . METHOD: Data were collected through the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine). RESULTS: A total of 825 @entity0 were included (619 nonsmokers and 206 smokers). For the whole @entity0 population there was a significant difference between preoperative ODI and ODI at 1 year (17.3 points, 95% CI 15.93-18.67, p   <   0.001). There was a significant difference in ODI change at 1 year between nonsmokers and smokers (4.2 points, 95% CI 0.98-7.34, p   =   0.010). At 1 year 69.6% of nonsmokers had achieved a minimal clinically important difference (>= 10 points ODI improvement) compared to 60.8% of smokers (p   =   0.008). There was no difference between nonsmokers and smokers in the overall complication rate (11.6% vs. 9.2%, p   =   0.34). There was no difference between nonsmokers and smokers in length of hospital stays for either single-level (2.3 vs. 2.2 days, p   =   0.99) or two-level (3.1 vs. 2.3 days, p   =   0.175) microdecompression. Smoking was identified as a negative predictor for ODI change in a multiple regression analysis (p   =   0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Nonsmokers experienced a significantly larger improvement at 1 year following microdecompression for @entity2 compared to smokers. Smokers were less likely to achieve a minimal clinically important difference. However, it should be emphasized that considerable improvement also was found among smokers.

title: Does daily tobacco smoking affect outcomes after microdecompression for degenerative central XXXX ? - A multicenter observational registry-based study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fatigue, one of the most prevalent and underassessed nonmotor symptoms in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), is reported to be a major cause of disability and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine the scientific literature and report how @entity2 is defined and measured and what interventions are used to treat it. A synthesis of the current literature will expose the current state of the science of @entity2 in @entity1 , propose areas for future research, and offer practice implications. An integrative review of the literature was conducted. The electronic databases CINAHL, Psychinfo, and PUBMED were searched using the keywords " @entity4 ," "measurement," "interventions," "treatment," and " @entity3 ." One hundred fourteen articles were found. Nineteen studies met review criteria. No universal definition of @entity2 in @entity1 was found, making it difficult to measure. However, central, physical, mental, and peripheral fatigues were described. Six scales were found that measure @entity2 in @entity1 ; only one specific to @entity1 , the Parkinson Fatigue Scale, measured physical @entity2 . Seven studies reported interventions to treat @entity2 and were categorized as medication, exercise, and alternative interventions. None of these interventions had a significant effect on @entity2 . Findings showed that (a) there is a lack of a universally accepted definition of @entity2 because of its subjective nature, (b) existing @entity2 measurement tools do not measure all types of @entity2 in @entity1 , and (c) no intervention had a significant effect on @entity2 . There is a need to define and explore @entity2 further using qualitative methods. Further development of instruments to measure @entity2 in @entity0 , younger onset, and older adults with @entity1 is needed. A focus on @entity0 -centered interventions to reduce @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 is a research priority.

title: Fatigue in XXXX : an integrative review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical features of @entity3 (GISTs), and to compare the clinical efficacy among different surgical treatments for duodenal GISTs. METHODS: Clinicalpathological data of 36 cases of duodenal GISTs undergoing operation in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2000 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All the @entity0 received surgical treatments, including 15 cases with regional resection, 8 cases with segmental resection, 12 cases with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and 1 case with liver biopsy, respectively. Clinical efficacy between pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and non-PD (NPD) was compared. RESULTS: Nine of 36 cases (25%) developed @entity2 who were all in the PD group. Eight @entity0 recovered and healed finally after active treatment, and 1 case was complicated with acute @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity5 . The median follow-up time was 54 months and the 5-year overall survival(OS) rate and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate were 78.1% and 72.1%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 61.1% and 61.1% respectively. The 5-year RFS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 85.8% and 78.8% respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the both groups(P=0.71 and P=0.89). CONCLUSIONS: For duodenal GISTs @entity0 , regional resection and segmental resection have similar clinical outcomes to pancreaticoduodenectomy while the former two can obviously decrease the incidence of @entity2 . Based on the premise of R0 resection guaranteed, regional sectional and segmental resection with @entity1 should be the surgical treatment of choice.

title: [Clinical analysis of 36 cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have determined the I (2)P3/2 and (2)P1/2 branching fractions following the photodissociation of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) via a number of vibronic bands associated with the B   ((2)E3/2)6s Rydberg state at excitation wavelengths between 201.2 and 192.7 nm. Vacuum ultraviolet light at 118.2 nm was used to ionize both the product @entity0 atoms and the @entity1 radical cofragments, and velocity map ion imaging was used to determine the product translational energy distributions and angular distributions. The known relative photoionization cross sections for I (2)P3/2 and (2)P1/2 at 118.2 nm were used to determine the corresponding branching fractions. The results extend our earlier work at 193 nm by Xu et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 2013, 139, 214310), and complement the closely related work of Gonz  lez et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 135, 021102). We find that for most of the excited vibronic levels of the B   state studied, the I (2)P3/2 branching ratio is small, but nonzero, and that this channel is associated with internally excited @entity1 radicals. The results are discussed in relation to the recent theoretical results of Alekseyev et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 044303).

title: Photodissociation of XXXX via Selected Vibrational Levels of the B   ((2)E3/2)6s Rydberg State.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of anti- @entity2 treatment on visual acuity outcome in @entity0 with neovascular age-related @entity6 presenting with @entity7 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of electronic @entity0 care record of 420 eyes treated with ranibizumab between March 2010 and June 2013. The authors classified the extracted sample into 3 categories based on the initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as measured on the Early Treatment @entity1 Study charts: 0 to 35 letters, 36 to 69 letters, and >= 70 letters. Best BCVA achieved in Year 1, and average BCVA over 36 months was computed. The neovascular lesion type, area of lesion, the presence or absence of @entity5 , retinal pigment epithelium tear, and @entity4 were systematically graded as was extent of @entity3 on a categorical scale of 0 to 4. Regression analysis was performed with the best BCVA achieved in Year 1 as the outcome variable and initial BCVA, @entity0 , and lesion characteristics as explanatory variables. RESULTS: The mean change in BCVA from the initial visit to the best-attained BCVA during Year 1 was highly statistically significant with an improvement of 9.95 letters. The improvement from initial BCVA to average BCVA over 36 months was 4.01 letters. Regression analysis identified @entity4 and @entity3 as predictors of best BCVA, with the model having an r of 0.71. CONCLUSION: Our study supports the use of anti- @entity2 agents even in eyes with low visual acuity particularly when @entity3 and @entity4 are absent and suggests algorithms to predict outcome for combinations of visual acuity and lesion characteristics across the full visual acuity range.

title: ANTI- XXXX THERAPY FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: Outcomes in Eyes With Poor Initial Vision.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of urinary (UI), fecal (FI), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and to identify shared factors associated with each type of @entity5 in older U.S. @entity0 and @entity0 . DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2010). @entity0 : @entity0 and @entity0 aged 50 and older. MEASUREMENTS: UI was defined as moderate to severe (>= 3 on a validated UI severity index, range 0-12); FI was at least monthly loss of solid, liquid, or mucus stool; and @entity5 was the presence of UI and FI. RESULTS: @entity0 were more likely than @entity0 to report UI only and @entity5 but not FI only (UI only, @entity0 19.8%, @entity0 6.4%; FI only, @entity0 8.2%, @entity0 8.4%; @entity5 @entity0 , 6.0%, @entity0 1.9%). In both sexes, prevalence increased with age. In regression models adjusted for parity and hysterectomy, @entity5 in @entity0 was associated with non-Hispanic white race (odds ratio (OR)=2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.5-3.4), @entity4 (OR=4.7, 95% CI=2.0-11.1), comorbidities (OR=4.3, 95% CI=1.9-9.6 for >= 3 comorbidities vs none), hysterectomy ( @entity7 , 95% CI=1.2-2.7), and @entity3 (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.5-5.0). In @entity0 , @entity2 ( @entity6 , 95% CI=1.2-4.9) and poorer self-rated health (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.5-5.30) were associated with @entity5 . CONCLUSION: UI, FI, and @entity5 are common in older @entity0 and @entity0 . Factors associated with @entity5 were distinct from those associated with UI and FI. There were also differences according to sex, with @entity5 associated with @entity4 and @entity1 in @entity0 and lack of functional ability and poorer self-rated health in @entity0 .

title: Urinary, fecal, and XXXX in older U.S. Adults.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: When significant coronary lesions are identified by angiography, regional left ventricular (LV) contractile function often plays a role in determining candidacy for revascularization. To improve on current subjective and nonquantitative metrics of regional LV function, we tested a z-score "normalization" of regional strain information quantified from clinically acquired high-resolution LV geometric datasets. METHODS: Test subjects (n  =  120) underwent cardiac MRI with multiple 3-dimensional strain parameters calculated from tissue tag-plane displacement data. Sixty healthy volunteers contributed strain parameter data at each of 15,300 LV grid points, to form a normal @entity0 database. Point-specific database comparisons were made in 60 @entity0 who had documented @entity1 ( @entity1 ), by angiography. @entity0 -specific, color-coded 3-dimensional LV maps of z-score-normalized contractile function were generated. RESULTS: Blinded clinical review indicated that 55% (33 of 60) of the @entity0 with @entity1 had significant regional contractile abnormalities by 1 of 3 "gold-standard" criteria: (1) Q waves on electrocardiography (ECG); (2) @entity3 on radionuclide single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); or (3) @entity2 or @entity2 on echocardiography. Consistency among all gold-standard metrics was found for only 19% (6 of 31) of @entity0 with @entity1 who had >= 2 available metrics. Blinded MRI-based, multiparametric, strain z-score localization of contractile abnormalities was accurate in 89% (ECG), 97% (SPECT), and 95% (echocardiography). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsubjective normalization of regional LV contractile function by z-score calculation from a normal @entity0 database can localize and quantitatively display regional wall motion abnormalities in @entity0 with @entity1 . This high-resolution localization of regional wall motion abnormalities may help improve the accuracy of therapeutic intervention in @entity0 who have @entity1 .

title: Quantifying "normalized" regional left ventricular contractile function in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11 (NMRs) are the oldest-living rodent species. Living underground in a thermally stable ecological niche, NMRs have evolved  certain exceptional traits, resulting in sustained health spans, negligible @entity2 , and a pronounced resistance to age-related disease. Uncovering insights into mechanisms underlying these extraordinary traits involved in successful aging may conceivably provide crucial clues to extend the @entity0 life span and health span. One of the most fundamental processes inside the cell is the production of @entity4 , which is an essential fuel in driving all other energy-requiring cellular activities. Not surprisingly, a prominent hallmark in age-related diseases, such as @entity3 and @entity1 , is the @entity2 of metabolic pathways. Using a two-dimensional @entity6 gel electrophoresis proteomics approach, alterations in expression and phosphorylation levels of metabolic proteins in the brains of NMRs, aged 2-24  years, were evaluated in an age-dependent manner. We identified 13 proteins with altered levels and/or phosphorylation states that play key roles in various metabolic pathways including glycolysis, b-oxidation, the @entity9 - @entity8 shuttle, the @entity10 Cycle (TCA) cycle, the electron transport chain, @entity5 production, as well as the production of @entity7 . New insights into potential pathways involved in metabolic aspects of successful aging have been obtained by the identification of key proteins through which the NMR brain responds and adapts to the aging process and how the NMR brain adapted to resist age-related degeneration. This study examines the changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome in the brain of the @entity11 aged 2-24  years. We identified 13 proteins (labeled in red) with altered expression and/or phosphorylation levels that are conceivably associated with sustained metabolic functions in the oldest NMRs that may promote a sustained health span and life span.

title: Metabolic clues to salubrious longevity in the brain of the longest-lived rodent: the XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: International guidelines significantly diverge on the effectiveness of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the initial work-up of thyroid nodules. In particular, the role of @entity1 to detect or exclude the presence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with normal serum thyrotropin (TSH) is still a matter to debate. Here, we aimed to review the literature on the prevalence of normal TSH value among @entity0 with @entity1 and meta-analyse data of the retrieved eligible papers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of studies published from January 2000 to December 2014 on @entity1 detected by @entity1 was performed. Records reporting serum TSH values in @entity1 were selected. Pooled prevalence of @entity1 with normal TSH values was calculated on a per- @entity0 analysis including 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: Eight records including 2761 @entity1 were selected for the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of @entity1 with normal TSH detected by @entity1 was 50% (95% CI: 32-68%). Selection bias in the included studies and heterogeneity among studies were potential limitations of the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Present meta-analysis shows that about one in two @entity0 with @entity1 demonstrated by @entity1 has a TSH value within normal references. As a consequence, TSH measurement may not be considered as effective as a single tool to detect or exclude @entity1 , and @entity1 remains mandatory.

title: Prevalence of normal TSH value among XXXX with autonomously functioning thyroid nodule.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the magnitude and characteristics of the increase in @entity1 demand in Western Australia (WA) from 2007 to 2013. METHODS: We conducted a population-based longitudinal study examining trends in @entity1 demand, stratified by area of residence, age group, sex, Australasian Triage Scale category and discharge disposition. The outcome measures were annual number and rate of @entity1 presentations. We calculated average annual growth, and age-specific and age-standardised rates. We assessed the statistical significance of trends, overall and within each category, using the Mann-Kendall trend test and analysis of variance ANOVA. We also calculated the proportions of growth in @entity1 demand that were attributable to changes in population and utilisation rate. RESULTS: From 2007 to 2013, @entity1 presentations increased by an average 4.6% annually from 739   742 to 945   244. The rate increased 1.4% from 354.1 to 382.6 per 1000 WA population (P = 0.02 for the trend). The main increase occurred in metropolitan WA, age 45+ years, triage category 2 and 3 and admitted cohorts. Approximately three-quarters of this increase was due to population change (growth and ageing) and one-quarter due to increase in utilisation. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals a 4.6% annual increase in @entity1 demand in WA in 2007-2013, mostly because of an increase in @entity0 with urgent and complex care needs, and not a shift (demand transfer) from primary care. This indicates that a system-wide integrated approach is required for demand management.

title: Growth in Western Australian emergency department demand during 2007-2013 is due to XXXX with urgent and complex care needs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity9 ( @entity11 ) and @entity4 ( @entity10 ) on day 1 only in @entity0 with @entity1 receiving @entity7 combined with @entity8 ( @entity12 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity0 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity10 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity11 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity12 on day 1. @entity0 in the @entity10 1-day group received no additional @entity10 on days 2 and 3. @entity0 in the @entity10 3-day group received @entity10 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity0 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity5 and @entity2 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity6 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity12 as well as administration of @entity10 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day for @entity12 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: XXXX in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity4 to prevent @entity6 in @entity0 receiving @entity7 and @entity8 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity9 ( @entity11 ) and @entity4 ( @entity10 ) on day 1 only in @entity0 with @entity1 receiving @entity7 combined with @entity8 ( @entity12 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity0 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity10 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity11 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity12 on day 1. @entity0 in the @entity10 1-day group received no additional @entity10 on days 2 and 3. @entity0 in the @entity10 3-day group received @entity10 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity0 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity5 and @entity2 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity6 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity12 as well as administration of @entity10 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day for @entity12 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity9 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity4 to prevent @entity6 in @entity0 receiving XXXX and @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity9 ( @entity11 ) and @entity4 ( @entity10 ) on day 1 only in @entity0 with @entity1 receiving @entity7 combined with @entity8 ( @entity12 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity0 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity10 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity11 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity12 on day 1. @entity0 in the @entity10 1-day group received no additional @entity10 on days 2 and 3. @entity0 in the @entity10 3-day group received @entity10 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity0 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity5 and @entity2 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity6 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity12 as well as administration of @entity10 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day for @entity12 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity9 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day XXXX to prevent @entity6 in @entity0 receiving @entity7 and @entity8 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity9 ( @entity11 ) and @entity4 ( @entity10 ) on day 1 only in @entity0 with @entity1 receiving @entity7 combined with @entity8 ( @entity12 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity0 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity10 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity11 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity12 on day 1. @entity0 in the @entity10 1-day group received no additional @entity10 on days 2 and 3. @entity0 in the @entity10 3-day group received @entity10 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity0 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity5 and @entity2 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity6 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity12 as well as administration of @entity10 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day for @entity12 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity9 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity4 to prevent @entity6 in @entity0 receiving @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity9 ( @entity11 ) and @entity4 ( @entity10 ) on day 1 only in @entity0 with @entity1 receiving @entity7 combined with @entity8 ( @entity12 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity0 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity10 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity11 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity12 on day 1. @entity0 in the @entity10 1-day group received no additional @entity10 on days 2 and 3. @entity0 in the @entity10 3-day group received @entity10 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity0 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity5 and @entity2 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity6 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity12 as well as administration of @entity10 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day for @entity12 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity9 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity4 to prevent XXXX in @entity0 receiving @entity7 and @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity9 ( @entity11 ) and @entity4 ( @entity10 ) on day 1 only in @entity0 with @entity1 receiving @entity7 combined with @entity8 ( @entity12 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity0 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity10 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity11 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity12 on day 1. @entity0 in the @entity10 1-day group received no additional @entity10 on days 2 and 3. @entity0 in the @entity10 3-day group received @entity10 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity0 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity5 and @entity2 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity6 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity12 as well as administration of @entity10 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity11 and @entity10 1  day for @entity12 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity9 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity4 to prevent @entity6 in XXXX receiving @entity7 and @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 forms metabolically dormant cysts under unfavorable growth conditions such as desiccation or nutrient starvation. The development of cysts is tightly regulated and involves a cyst-repressing chemotaxis-like signal transduction pathway called the Che3 signaling cascade. The Che3 cascade is comprised of a @entity4 chemoreceptor (MCP3), receptor-methylating/demethylating proteins CheB3 and CheR3, two CheW3 linker proteins, a CheA3-CheY hybrid @entity3 kinase, and a single-domain response regulator, CheY3. In @entity2 , the Che3 cascade also contains a second hybrid @entity3 kinase, CheS3. Recent biochemical and genetic studies show that CheA3 does not serve as a phosphor donor for CheY3; instead, CheA3 inhibits a CheS3 > CheY3 two-component system by phosphorylating an inhibitory receiver domain of CheS3. In this study, we show that in addition to phosphorylation by CheA3, the phosphorylation state of CheS3 is also regulated by the cellular energy level as quantified by the molar ratio of @entity0 /( @entity0 + @entity1 ). A 35% decrease in cellular energy is shown to occur in vivo upon a nutrient downshift that gives rise to cyst formation. When this energy decline is replicated in vitro, the phosphorylation level of CheS3 is reduced by ~75%. Finally, we also show that @entity1 -mediated reduction of CheS3 phosphorylation is a consequence of @entity1 enhancing autodephosphorylation of CheS3. IMPORTANCE: Upon starvation, @entity5 undergoes a developmental process that forms metabolically dormant cysts, which withstand desiccation and nutritional limitation. This study explores the role of the cellular energy state as measured by the ratio of @entity0 to @entity1 as an important regulator of cyst formation in @entity5 . We show that @entity5 cells experience a significant reduction in @entity0 during cyst formation using @entity0 /( @entity0 + @entity1 ) as a measurement. When this in vivo level of energy starvation is simulated in vitro, CheS3 phosphorylation is reduced by 75%. This profound reduction in CheS3 autophosphorylation is contrasted with a much lower 25% decrease in CheA3 phosphorylation in response to a similar downward shift in @entity0 /( @entity0 + @entity1 ). We argue that even though adenylate energy affects all @entity0 -dependent enzymes to an extent, the enhanced inhibition of CheS3 activity in response to a reduction in the @entity0 /( @entity0 + @entity1 ) ratio likely functions as an important input signal to regulate cyst development.

title: Adenylate Charge Regulates Sensor Kinase CheS3 To Control Cyst Formation in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Phosphorylation is a fundamental and pervasive mechanism widely known to regulate the functions of proteins [94,133], and lipids [8]. Phosphorylation of specific @entity2 residues is a reversible process controlled enzymatically by the competing activities of protein kinases that catalyze phosphorylation and phosphoprotein phosphatases that catalyze dephosphorylation. Several years before the cloning of @entity6 receptors, phosphorylation was found to increase @entity1 currents, and dephosphorylation to decrease these currents in neurons from the hippocampus [76]. Since then, two principal protein kinase/phosphatase families have been studied extensively related to regulation of @entity1 receptors (NMDARs) in the central nervous system: those that act at @entity3 / @entity5 residues and those that act at @entity4 residues. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation may regulate the gating or cell surface expression of NMDARs. Recently, an additional mechanism, alteration of the relative permeability of the NMDAR channel to @entity0 , has been suggested to be subject to regulation by phosphorylation [112]. The simplest biochemical event that may under-lie the regulation of NMDARs is phosphorylation of a single @entity2 in one of the core NR subunit proteins. This phosphorylation may then be reversed by the action of phosphoprotein phosphatase, and thus the relative levels of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are determined by the competing actions of those enzymes, i.e., those that are most proximate in the regulatory pathways. While such direct phosphorylation on @entity3 / @entity5 and @entity4 residues has been demonstrated, whether such phosphorylation alone is necessary or sufficient for the subsequent increase in NMDAR currents is not known definitively and remains an open question. Alternative mechanisms that are nearly as simple, such as phosphorylation of regulatory or trafficking proteins in NMDAR complexes or of cytoskeletal or other elements also may contribute to changes in NMDAR currents. The kinase and phosphatase enzymes most proximate in the regulatory control of NMDARs are typically held within NMDAR complexes through anchoring proteins (Figure 7.1) that allow the strategic localization of each enzyme in proximity to its substrate in the complex. This may enhance the efficiency and specificity of the signaling pathways. Based on the key role of NMDARs in many forms of synaptic plasticity, that signaling complexes containing both kinases and their counterpart phosphatases are specifically targeted to the receptor complex facilitates bidirectional regulation of NMDARs during synaptic plasticity. Moreover, these enzymes are also subject to complex regulation by intracellular biochemical signaling networks, leading to multiple levels of control that are dynamic in time and space in certain neurons. Adding to the complexity, the enzymes regulating NMDARs may be differentially expressed in different neuronal populations in the CNS, and the expression may change during development or under physiological or pathological conditions. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of knowledge about NMDAR regulation by @entity3 / @entity5 and @entity4 phosphorylation, and the cross-talk between these kinase/phosphatase signaling pathways.

title: Regulation of XXXX Receptors by Kinases and Phosphatases

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To assess diagnostic accuracy with diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in @entity1 with @entity3 and to evaluate the potential association between DKI-derived parameters and @entity0 clinical-pathologic factors. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. Data from 97 @entity1 (mean age    standard deviation, 45.7 years    13.1; range, 19-70 years) with 98 lesions (57 malignant and 41 benign) who were treated between January 2014 and April 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. DKI (with b values of 0-2800 sec/mm(2)) and conventional diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired. Kurtosis and diffusion coefficients from DKI and apparent diffusion coefficients from diffusion-weighted imaging were measured by two radiologists. Student t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Jonckheere-Terpstra test, receiver operating characteristic curves, and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results Kurtosis coefficients were significantly higher in the malignant lesions than in the benign lesions (1.05    0.22 vs 0.65    0.11, respectively; P < .0001). Diffusivity and apparent diffusion coefficients in the malignant lesions were significantly lower than those in the benign lesions (1.13    0.27 vs 1.97    0.33 and 1.02    0.18 vs 1.48    0.33, respectively; P < .0001). Significantly higher specificity for differentiation of malignant from benign lesions was shown with the use of kurtosis and diffusivity coefficients than with the use of apparent diffusion coefficients (83% [34 of 41] and 83% [34 of 41] vs 76% [31 of 41], respectively; P < .0001) with equal sensitivity (95% [54 of 57]). In @entity1 with invasive @entity0 , kurtosis was positively correlated with @entity2 histologic grade (r = 0.75) and expression of the Ki-67 protein (r = 0.55). Diffusivity was negatively correlated with @entity2 histologic grades (r = -0.44) and Ki-67 expression (r = -0.46). Conclusion DKI showed higher specificity than did conventional diffusion-weighted imaging for assessment of benign and malignant @entity3 . @entity1 with grade 3 @entity0 or @entity2 with high expression of Ki-67 were associated with higher kurtosis and lower diffusivity coefficients; however, this association must be confirmed in prospective studies. (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: XXXX : Diffusion Kurtosis MR Imaging-Diagnostic Accuracy and Correlation with Clinical-Pathologic Factors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is the focus of recent @entity2 research. @entity3 plays a critical role in @entity2 development, progression, and @entity1 by activation of @entity2 cells, enhancement of @entity2 angiogenesis, and suppression of host anti- @entity2 immunity. @entity3 is a relevant target for @entity2 treatment. AREAS COVERED: This review aims to overview the biological feature and diverses role in @entity2 of @entity3 . @entity3 is a non-histone chromosomal protein, a secretory protein binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products in @entity2 cells and monocyte-lineage immune cells, and a DNA presenting chaperon for toll-like receptors. @entity3 enhances proliferation, motility, invasion and survival of @entity2 cells. In contrast, @entity3 induces apoptosis in monocyte-lineage immune cells and inhibits @entity2 -infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells, lymph node sinus macrophages and liver Kupffer cells to attenuate anti- @entity2 immune responses and anti-metastatic organ defense. Then the novel techniques for inhibiting @entity3 are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION: Various techniques targeting @entity3 are subjected to trial. @entity3 targeting is a potential therapeutic techniqueagainst @entity2 development, progression, and especially @entity1 . Technical breakthroughs in application of @entity3 targeting to @entity0 diseases are now urgently required.

title: Non-histone nuclear factor XXXX as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The study of the developing brain has begun to shed light on the underpinnings of both early and adult onset @entity3 . Neuroimaging of the @entity0 brain across developmental time points and the use of model animal systems have combined to reveal brain systems and gene products that may play a role in @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity6 and many other @entity4 . However, precisely how genes may function in @entity0 brain development and how they interact with each other leading to @entity3 is unknown. Because of an increasing understanding of neural stem cells and how the nervous system subsequently develops from these cells, we have now the ability to study @entity5 in a new way - by rewinding and reviewing the development of @entity0 neural cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), developed from mature somatic cells, have allowed the development of specific cells in @entity0 to be observed in real time. Moreover, they have allowed some neuronal-specific abnormalities to be corrected with pharmacological intervention in tissue culture. These exciting advances based on the use of iPSCs hold great promise for understanding, diagnosing and, possibly, treating @entity3 . Specifically, examination of iPSCs from typically developing individuals will reveal how basic cellular processes and genetic differences contribute to individually unique nervous systems. Moreover, by comparing iPSCs from typically developing individuals and @entity0 , differences at stem cell stages, through neural differentiation, and into the development of functional neurons may be identified that will reveal opportunities for intervention. The application of such techniques to early onset @entity3 is still on the horizon but has become a reality of current research efforts as a consequence of the revelations of many years of @entity4 .

title: Annual Research Review: The promise of stem cell research for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: All randomized controlled trials of bevacizumab for the treatment of @entity1 from January 2003 to June 2013 were collected by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases. The primary endpoint was @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall response rate and adverse events. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata 12.0. The degree of bias was assessed using funnel plots for the effect size of @entity8 at the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Following the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, ten studies comprising 6977 cases were finally included, of which nine were considered to be of high quality (4-7 points) and one of low quality (1-3 points). Our meta-analysis revealed the efficacy of bevacizumab in @entity0 with @entity1 in terms of @entity8 (HR = 0.848, 95%CI: 0.747-0.963), progression-free survival (HR = 0.617, 95%CI: 0.530-0.719), and overall response rate (OR = 1.627, 95%CI: 1.199-2.207). Regarding safety, higher rates of grade >=  3 @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were observed in the bevacizumab treatment group (P < 0.05); however, the incidence of serious @entity3 was very low. There was no publication bias in the 10 reports included in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: The clinical application of bevacizumab in @entity1 is effective with good safety.

title: Value of bevacizumab in treatment of XXXX : A meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There exists a great variability in the manometric findings between @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and healthy subjects. The correlation between the pressures of the anal canal and the @entity1 is not exact by the wide rank of normal values. OBJECTIVES: Prospective study to evaluate differences in the pressures of the anal canal and in rectal sensitivity in @entity0 with @entity1 , chronic @entity2 (CC) and healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety four @entity0 with @entity1 , 36 @entity0 with CC and 15 healthy subjects were included. The following data were obtained: age, sex, resting pressure, anal canal length (ACL), squeeze maximum pressure (SMP), squeeze pressure duration (SPD), first sensation, urge and maximum tolerated volume (MTV). Statistical study: test of Kruskal-Wallis, test of Mann-Whitney, and multinomial logistic regression test. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the resting pressure (p < 0.001), the ACL (p < 0.001) and the SMP (p < 0.01) in the group of @entity1 with respect to the other two groups. The volume for the first sensation was significantly lower in the healthy subjects than that in the other two groups (p < 0.05). The urge volume and the MVT were smaller in the group with @entity1 with respect to the other groups (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis the age, the resting pressure and the volume for the first sensation and urge increase the relative risk for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The greater age, the decrease in anal canal resting pressure and the alteration of rectal sensation increase the risk for @entity1 .

title: Differences in the pressures of canal anal and rectal sensitivity in @entity0 with fecal incontinence, chronic XXXX and healthy subjects.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There exists a great variability in the manometric findings between @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and healthy subjects. The correlation between the pressures of the anal canal and the @entity1 is not exact by the wide rank of normal values. OBJECTIVES: Prospective study to evaluate differences in the pressures of the anal canal and in rectal sensitivity in @entity0 with @entity1 , chronic @entity2 (CC) and healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety four @entity0 with @entity1 , 36 @entity0 with CC and 15 healthy subjects were included. The following data were obtained: age, sex, resting pressure, anal canal length (ACL), squeeze maximum pressure (SMP), squeeze pressure duration (SPD), first sensation, urge and maximum tolerated volume (MTV). Statistical study: test of Kruskal-Wallis, test of Mann-Whitney, and multinomial logistic regression test. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the resting pressure (p < 0.001), the ACL (p < 0.001) and the SMP (p < 0.01) in the group of @entity1 with respect to the other two groups. The volume for the first sensation was significantly lower in the healthy subjects than that in the other two groups (p < 0.05). The urge volume and the MVT were smaller in the group with @entity1 with respect to the other groups (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis the age, the resting pressure and the volume for the first sensation and urge increase the relative risk for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The greater age, the decrease in anal canal resting pressure and the alteration of rectal sensation increase the risk for @entity1 .

title: Differences in the pressures of canal anal and rectal sensitivity in XXXX with fecal incontinence, chronic @entity2 and healthy subjects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 have to be studied in detail for structural characteristics, especially regarding the degree of granulation and immunohistochemical hormone expression, such as @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity12 , @entity13 (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and proliferation markers (e.g. Ki-67 and @entity5 ) for correlation to clinical data and assessment of the prognosis. If histological and immunostaining data do not correlate to the @entity0 data, explanations for the discrepancies must be found. All active adenoma types can also be present as inactive, so-called silent @entity3 showing the same features. An increased Ki-67 index (>   3   %), significant nuclear expression of protein @entity5 and mitoses are characteristic of atypical @entity3 . Up to now the biological relevance of these atypical @entity3 , especially their role as preneoplasms for @entity7 has not been fully elucidated. The only proof of a @entity7 is the existence of @entity1 . Extensive local invasion and a greatly increased Ki-67 index are not sufficient for this diagnosis. @entity6 have to be classified into adamantinomatous types (intrasellar and suprasellar) and papillary types (only suprasellar). Regressive changes are found in adamantinomatous types only. Strong regression may lead to difficulties in the differential diagnosis of @entity9 with @entity8 . Demonstration of nuclear expression of @entity11 in these cases enables the diagnosis of @entity6 . @entity6 are characterized by @entity4 mutations that may be helpful in the differential diagnosis. All pituicytomas of the neurohypophysis, all spindle cell oncocytomas of the anterior pituitary and all granular cell @entity2 of the posterior pituitary express @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and are thought to be variants of a common uniform spindle cell @entity7 .

title: [New aspects of XXXX pathology of the pituitary].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guideline recommendations is suboptimal. Surveillance is frequently over- and under-recommend, resulting in strained colonoscopy capacity, potential risks without expected benefits, and missed opportunities for @entity2 risk reduction. AIMS: To identify factors associated with adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines. METHODS: We conducted a three-phase study with a retrospective review of usual care post-polypectomy surveillance recommendations through medical chart abstraction (Phase I), prospective online physician survey (Phase II), and analysis of survey-based and other physician-based predictors of usual care surveillance recommendations (Phase III). Subjects included @entity0 who underwent usual care colonoscopy 2011-2012 (Phases I and III) and gastroenterology (GI) attendings and fellows (Phases II and III). We identified rates of recommendations consistent with guideline adherence, surveillance overuse, and surveillance underuse based on usual care medical chart documentation and physician survey, as well as predictors of physician adherence to guidelines. RESULTS: We reviewed 640 @entity0 charts for 28 survey respondents. Rates of usual practice recommendations consistent with guideline adherence, surveillance overutilization, and underutilization were 84, 13, and 3  %, respectively. At survey, 82  % of physicians were concerned about missed @entity1 . Eleven percentage believed that guidelines were not aggressive enough. GI trainees were 2.5 times more likely to issue guideline-adherent recommendations [OR 2.5, 95  % CI (1.5-4.2)]. Disagreement with guideline @entity3 was independently associated with 40  % lower likelihood of adherence [OR 0.6, 95  % CI (0.4-0.8)]. CONCLUSIONS: Belief in the appropriate @entity3 of guidelines and trainee position, but not fear of missed @entity1 or guideline knowledge, was associated with adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines.

title: Post-polypectomy Guideline Adherence: Importance of Belief in Guidelines, Not Guideline Knowledge or Fear of Missed XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to assess quality of life (QoL), functional outcome, and social impact following ileal pouch anal @entity3 (IPAA) for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) since Indian data is limited. Data was collected prospectively from @entity0 who underwent IPAA for @entity1 or @entity4 from 2004 to 2013. QoL and functional outcome at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery, return to work, and change of job (social impact) were documented. QoL was assessed using the validated Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) score, the normal score being 1.0. Twenty-five @entity0 were analyzed. Mean CGQL scores before surgery and at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.5, 0.63, 0.73, and 0.8, respectively. @entity4 @entity0 had better scores at 3 and 5 years. Only 40 % returned to same job. Sixty-four percent returned to work within a year. The median number of bowel movements per 24 h was less for @entity4 @entity0 at 3 and 5 years. @entity1 @entity0 on long-term @entity2 had poorer function at 3 years. Long-term QoL and functional outcomes following IPAA are acceptable. @entity5 in QoL, mainly in @entity4 and long-term adverse social impact in both groups should not be underestimated. @entity1 @entity0 on long-term @entity2 showed delayed improvement in pouch function.

title: Quality of life, social impact and functional outcome following ileal pouch-anal XXXX for @entity1 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3