abstract: The consumption of drugs is of great concern worldwide. Various drug tests for @entity0 have been developed but there is no compact and easy-to-use test device available yet for direct semi-quantitative drug testing in the field. We suggest using attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy as a sensing method to analyze @entity0 saliva samples with respect to drugs. In this paper, we present ATR spectra in the infrared range between 2300 and 900 cm(-1) as a first step towards such a device. We emphasize the common drug @entity2 and its metabolites and investigate the problems of spectral interferences of selected diluents, masking agents, common medication, and soft drinks. Furthermore, spectra of saliva samples are recorded and a time-dependent change of the spectral signatures after @entity1 consumption is presented. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that not only spectra of the drug of interest ( @entity2 ) dissolved in water and in saliva but also spectra of interfering compounds possibly present in the saliva sample of a tested subject are discussed. This paper presents the most appropriate spectral range for strong @entity2 absorption (including its metabolites) and minimum interference by the investigated substances. This spectral window is found to be between 1800 and 1710 cm(-1). In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility to identify @entity2 in saliva at a concentration of 0.020 mg/ml with IR-ATR-spectroscopy without any separation or extraction procedures. For example, this technique could also be applied for drug detection in waste water.

title: Infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy for detecting drugs in XXXX saliva.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: One-third of the world's population is infected with @entity2 , and 9 months of @entity5 monotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity6 . However, this approach has been associated with hepatotoxicity and poor compliance. A shorter (4-month) @entity3 regimen has been evaluated in recent clinical trials. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of the published studies to compare compliance, @entity1 , and cost-effectiveness between the 2 strategies. Pooled effects were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) by means of random-effects and fixed-effects models. RESULTS: Pooled data from 3586 @entity0 suggested that 4-month @entity3 therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of noncompletion (RR for random-effects model, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.63). Noncompletion rates were lower among @entity0 who received 4-month @entity3 therapy (range, 8.6%-28.4%), compared with noncompletion rates among @entity0 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 24.1%-47.4%). Also, rates of hepatotoxicity (defined as grade 3 or 4 @entity4 leading to drug discontinuation) were lower for @entity0 who received 4-month @entity3 therapy (range, 0%-0.7%), compared with the corresponding rates for @entity0 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 1.4%-5.2%), and @entity3 was associated with significant reduction in the risk of hepatotoxicity (RR for fixed-effects model, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.30). Notably, with the data from our meta-analysis, we calculated that the 4-month @entity3 strategy is also cost-effective and results in  213 savings per @entity0 treated ( 90/ @entity0 when doctor fees are not included). CONCLUSIONS: The improved compliance, safety, and cost associated with the 4-month @entity3 therapy suggest that the efficacy of this approach needs to be evaluated in detail. An extended posttreatment follow-up in future studies will clarify the unresolved issue of @entity2 reactivation rates.

title: 4 months of @entity3 compared with 9 months of isoniazid for the management of @entity6 : a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness study that focuses on compliance and liver XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: One-third of the world's population is infected with @entity2 , and 9 months of @entity5 monotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity6 . However, this approach has been associated with hepatotoxicity and poor compliance. A shorter (4-month) @entity3 regimen has been evaluated in recent clinical trials. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of the published studies to compare compliance, @entity1 , and cost-effectiveness between the 2 strategies. Pooled effects were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) by means of random-effects and fixed-effects models. RESULTS: Pooled data from 3586 @entity0 suggested that 4-month @entity3 therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of noncompletion (RR for random-effects model, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.63). Noncompletion rates were lower among @entity0 who received 4-month @entity3 therapy (range, 8.6%-28.4%), compared with noncompletion rates among @entity0 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 24.1%-47.4%). Also, rates of hepatotoxicity (defined as grade 3 or 4 @entity4 leading to drug discontinuation) were lower for @entity0 who received 4-month @entity3 therapy (range, 0%-0.7%), compared with the corresponding rates for @entity0 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 1.4%-5.2%), and @entity3 was associated with significant reduction in the risk of hepatotoxicity (RR for fixed-effects model, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.30). Notably, with the data from our meta-analysis, we calculated that the 4-month @entity3 strategy is also cost-effective and results in  213 savings per @entity0 treated ( 90/ @entity0 when doctor fees are not included). CONCLUSIONS: The improved compliance, safety, and cost associated with the 4-month @entity3 therapy suggest that the efficacy of this approach needs to be evaluated in detail. An extended posttreatment follow-up in future studies will clarify the unresolved issue of @entity2 reactivation rates.

title: 4 months of XXXX compared with 9 months of isoniazid for the management of @entity6 : a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness study that focuses on compliance and liver @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: One-third of the world's population is infected with @entity2 , and 9 months of @entity5 monotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity6 . However, this approach has been associated with hepatotoxicity and poor compliance. A shorter (4-month) @entity3 regimen has been evaluated in recent clinical trials. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of the published studies to compare compliance, @entity1 , and cost-effectiveness between the 2 strategies. Pooled effects were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) by means of random-effects and fixed-effects models. RESULTS: Pooled data from 3586 @entity0 suggested that 4-month @entity3 therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of noncompletion (RR for random-effects model, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.63). Noncompletion rates were lower among @entity0 who received 4-month @entity3 therapy (range, 8.6%-28.4%), compared with noncompletion rates among @entity0 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 24.1%-47.4%). Also, rates of hepatotoxicity (defined as grade 3 or 4 @entity4 leading to drug discontinuation) were lower for @entity0 who received 4-month @entity3 therapy (range, 0%-0.7%), compared with the corresponding rates for @entity0 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 1.4%-5.2%), and @entity3 was associated with significant reduction in the risk of hepatotoxicity (RR for fixed-effects model, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.30). Notably, with the data from our meta-analysis, we calculated that the 4-month @entity3 strategy is also cost-effective and results in  213 savings per @entity0 treated ( 90/ @entity0 when doctor fees are not included). CONCLUSIONS: The improved compliance, safety, and cost associated with the 4-month @entity3 therapy suggest that the efficacy of this approach needs to be evaluated in detail. An extended posttreatment follow-up in future studies will clarify the unresolved issue of @entity2 reactivation rates.

title: 4 months of @entity3 compared with 9 months of isoniazid for the management of XXXX : a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness study that focuses on compliance and liver @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the results of kidney transplantation in @entity0 with @entity4 . We analyzed the results of renal transplantation in 13 amyloidotic transplant recipients compared with those in a control group of 13 nonamyloidotic @entity0 . While the etiology of @entity3 was @entity1 in one @entity0 , in all of the others it was secondary to @entity2 . Acute rejection episodes developed once in six and twice in one @entity0 . The renal function in these @entity0 was improved by antirejection treatment. Chronic rejection did not develop in any @entity0 . However six @entity0 (46%) died due to various complications despite functional grafts. The others are still being followed with well-functioning grafts. Among the control group, acute and chronic rejection were diagnosed in three and two @entity0 , respectively: one @entity0 returned to hemodialysis after 26 months of transplantation, while the others are still alive with functional grafts. There was no death in the control group. The 5- and 10-year actuarial @entity0 survival rates of the @entity3 and control groups were 52.2%, 26.6%, and 100%, 100%, respectively (P = .002). However, the graft survivals of the @entity3 versus control groups were 100%, 100%, versus 87.5%, 87.5, respectively (P = .47). In conclusion, we observed a high rate of early mortality among recipients with @entity3 associated with infectious complications. Moreover, @entity0 survivals were lower among amyloidotic renal recipients.

title: Outcome of kidney transplantation for XXXX :a single-center experience.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the knee has been linked to @entity1 . Clinical observations suggested that there is a direct relationship between the degree of @entity1 and the severity of knee @entity2 in the Latin community. This study associates the risk of requiring total knee replacement (TKR) attributable to being @entity1 on a subset of Latin @entity0 . METHODS: 112 Latin @entity0 ages 21 to 89 years were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon and enrolled in a pilot case-control study. The charts of these @entity0 were reviewed and sociodemographic data, body mass index (BMI), and initial management, whether it was medical or TKR were reviewed. @entity0 were segregated according to their BMI in different categories: normal, overweight, @entity1 class I, @entity1 class II, and @entity1 class III. Severity of @entity2 was then compared between the @entity0 in the different BMI classifications. Analyses were further adjusted for age, sex and hometown. RESULTS: 100 subjects were successfully included into the study. Of the @entity1 @entity0 , neither underweight nor normal weight @entity0 were managed with TKR, and only 9% of overweight @entity0 were managed with TKR. Overall, 48% of the @entity1 @entity0 were managed with TKR. This included 43% of the @entity1 class 1, 58% of the @entity1 class I, and 33% of the @entity1 class III @entity0 . CONCLUSION: There seems to be a direct relationship between @entity1 and risk of TKR in the Latin community.

title: Correlation between body mass index and need for total knee replacement in a group of Latin XXXX with knee osteoarthritis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, management, and outcome of @entity0 diagnosed with a @entity3 after a distal pancreatectomy during primary surgical cytoreduction for @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all @entity0 who had a distal pancreatectomy at the time of primary surgery. Charts were reviewed to identify those @entity0 who developed a persistent left upper quadrant abdominal fluid collection with elevated amylase levels. RESULTS: A total of 17 @entity0 had a distal pancreatectomy; of these, 4 @entity0 (24%) developed a postoperative @entity3 . In these @entity0 , persistent @entity2 prompted evaluation with a computed tomography scan, which subsequently revealed a fluid collection. The median time from surgery to drainage of this collection was 9 days (range, 8-66). The drain remained in situ for a median of 29 days (range, 22-82). The median amylase level of the fluid was 22,945 U/L (range, 763-47,250). The median length of hospital stay for those @entity0 with a leak was 33 days (range, 25-44), which was longer than those without a leak. However, the median time from surgery to treatment with systemic chemotherapy was 31 days (range, 16-43), which was equivalent to those without a @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Twenty-four percent of @entity0 who had undergone a distal pancreatectomy developed a @entity3 . This complication, which usually presents early in the postoperative period, can be managed conservatively with percutaneous drainage. @entity4 may be resumed, and total parenteral nutrition is not needed in the majority of cases. Systemic chemotherapy can be administered without significant delay.

title: Incidence and management of pancreatic leaks after splenectomy with distal pancreatectomy performed during primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Monocytes/macrophages are an important population of immune inflammatory cells that have diverse effector functions in which their mobility and adhesion play a very relevant role. @entity6 ( @entity7 ), a major component of green tea, has been reported to have anti- @entity2 and anti-inflammatory activities, but its effects on monocytes remain to be determined. Here we investigated the effects of @entity7 on the migration and adhesion of monocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We used a @entity0 monocyte cell line ( @entity3 ) to analyse the effects of treatment with @entity7 under non-cytotoxic conditions on the expression levels of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and of the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and on the activation of @entity4 . A functional validation was carried out by evaluating the inhibitory effect of @entity7 on monocyte adhesiveness and migration in vitro. KEY RESULTS: Treatment of @entity3 cells with @entity7 decreased @entity5 and @entity8 gene expression, together with @entity5 secretion and @entity8 expression at the cell surface. @entity7 also inhibited @entity4 activation. The effects on these molecular targets were in agreement with the @entity7 -induced inhibition of @entity3 migration in response to @entity5 and adhesion to fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Under our experimental conditions, @entity7 treatment inhibited the migration and adhesion of monocytes. These inhibitory effects of @entity7 on monocyte function should be considered as a promising new anti-inflammatory response with a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of @entity1 .

title: XXXX reduces @entity0 monocyte mobility and adhesion in vitro.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Monocytes/macrophages are an important population of immune inflammatory cells that have diverse effector functions in which their mobility and adhesion play a very relevant role. @entity6 ( @entity7 ), a major component of green tea, has been reported to have anti- @entity2 and anti-inflammatory activities, but its effects on monocytes remain to be determined. Here we investigated the effects of @entity7 on the migration and adhesion of monocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We used a @entity0 monocyte cell line ( @entity3 ) to analyse the effects of treatment with @entity7 under non-cytotoxic conditions on the expression levels of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and of the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and on the activation of @entity4 . A functional validation was carried out by evaluating the inhibitory effect of @entity7 on monocyte adhesiveness and migration in vitro. KEY RESULTS: Treatment of @entity3 cells with @entity7 decreased @entity5 and @entity8 gene expression, together with @entity5 secretion and @entity8 expression at the cell surface. @entity7 also inhibited @entity4 activation. The effects on these molecular targets were in agreement with the @entity7 -induced inhibition of @entity3 migration in response to @entity5 and adhesion to fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Under our experimental conditions, @entity7 treatment inhibited the migration and adhesion of monocytes. These inhibitory effects of @entity7 on monocyte function should be considered as a promising new anti-inflammatory response with a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of @entity1 .

title: @entity6 reduces XXXX monocyte mobility and adhesion in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: The impact of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for @entity2 is still controversial. We explored the impact of @entity4 regarding local recurrence (LR), distant @entity1 and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and @entity2 -specific survival was analysed. METHOD: @entity0 undergoing AR for @entity2 with a registered @entity4 between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish @entity2 Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariate methods. RESULTS: After validation, 114 @entity0 with @entity4 and 136 control @entity0 with locally radical surgery for @entity2 in @entity2 -node- @entity1 stages I-III were analysed. There was no difference detected between @entity0 with @entity4 and control @entity0 regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant @entity1 [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5-year @entity2 -specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, @entity4 was not a risk factor of LR, distant @entity1 or OAR and had no impact on 5-year overall or 5-year @entity2 -specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of @entity4 , preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: @entity3 was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow-up on the basis of the occurrence of @entity4 after AR might not be justified.

title: XXXX after surgery for @entity2 : a risk factor for local recurrence, distant @entity1 and reduced @entity2 -specific survival?

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: The impact of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for @entity2 is still controversial. We explored the impact of @entity4 regarding local recurrence (LR), distant @entity1 and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and @entity2 -specific survival was analysed. METHOD: @entity0 undergoing AR for @entity2 with a registered @entity4 between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish @entity2 Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariate methods. RESULTS: After validation, 114 @entity0 with @entity4 and 136 control @entity0 with locally radical surgery for @entity2 in @entity2 -node- @entity1 stages I-III were analysed. There was no difference detected between @entity0 with @entity4 and control @entity0 regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant @entity1 [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5-year @entity2 -specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, @entity4 was not a risk factor of LR, distant @entity1 or OAR and had no impact on 5-year overall or 5-year @entity2 -specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of @entity4 , preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: @entity3 was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow-up on the basis of the occurrence of @entity4 after AR might not be justified.

title: @entity3 after surgery for @entity2 : a risk factor for local recurrence, distant XXXX and reduced @entity2 -specific survival?

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The impact of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for @entity2 is still controversial. We explored the impact of @entity4 regarding local recurrence (LR), distant @entity1 and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and @entity2 -specific survival was analysed. METHOD: @entity0 undergoing AR for @entity2 with a registered @entity4 between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish @entity2 Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariate methods. RESULTS: After validation, 114 @entity0 with @entity4 and 136 control @entity0 with locally radical surgery for @entity2 in @entity2 -node- @entity1 stages I-III were analysed. There was no difference detected between @entity0 with @entity4 and control @entity0 regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant @entity1 [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5-year @entity2 -specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, @entity4 was not a risk factor of LR, distant @entity1 or OAR and had no impact on 5-year overall or 5-year @entity2 -specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of @entity4 , preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: @entity3 was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow-up on the basis of the occurrence of @entity4 after AR might not be justified.

title: @entity3 after surgery for XXXX : a risk factor for local recurrence, distant @entity1 and reduced @entity2 -specific survival?

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The impact of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for @entity2 is still controversial. We explored the impact of @entity4 regarding local recurrence (LR), distant @entity1 and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and @entity2 -specific survival was analysed. METHOD: @entity0 undergoing AR for @entity2 with a registered @entity4 between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish @entity2 Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariate methods. RESULTS: After validation, 114 @entity0 with @entity4 and 136 control @entity0 with locally radical surgery for @entity2 in @entity2 -node- @entity1 stages I-III were analysed. There was no difference detected between @entity0 with @entity4 and control @entity0 regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant @entity1 [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5-year @entity2 -specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, @entity4 was not a risk factor of LR, distant @entity1 or OAR and had no impact on 5-year overall or 5-year @entity2 -specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of @entity4 , preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: @entity3 was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow-up on the basis of the occurrence of @entity4 after AR might not be justified.

title: @entity3 after surgery for @entity2 : a risk factor for local recurrence, distant @entity1 and reduced XXXX -specific survival?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present review describes the transgenic @entity1 models that have been designed to evaluate the functions of the cytochrome P450s involved in @entity3 and @entity9 synthesis, as well as their link with disease. The knockout of cholesterogenic @entity17 is embrionally lethal, with symptoms of @entity12 occurring in @entity1 , whereas the evidence for this association is conflicting in @entity0 . Disruption of @entity16 from classic @entity9 synthesis in @entity1 leads to either @entity4 or a milder phenotype with elevated serum @entity3 . The latter is similar to the case in @entity0 , where @entity14 mutations associate with high plasma low-density lipoprotein and hepatic @entity3 content, as well as deficient @entity9 excretion. Disruption of @entity8 from an alternative @entity9 pathway results in the absence of @entity10 and a reduced absorption of dietary lipids; however, the @entity0 @entity8 polymorphism fails to explain differences in @entity9 composition. Unexpectedly, apparently normal @entity18 (-/-) @entity1 still synthesize @entity6 that originate from the compensatory pathway. In @entity0 , @entity11 mutations cause @entity7 , suggesting that only @entity1 can compensate for the loss of alternative @entity9 synthesis. In line with this, @entity19 knockouts are also apparently normal, whereas @entity0 @entity19 mutations lead to a congenital @entity9 synthesis defect in @entity0 or @entity5 in adults. @entity1 knockouts of the brain-specific @entity13 have reduced brain @entity3 excretion, whereas, in @entity0 , @entity15 polymorphisms associate with @entity2 . At present, cytochrome P450 family 39 is poorly characterized. Despite important physiological differences between @entity0 and @entity1 , @entity1 models prove to be an invaluable tool for understanding the multifactorial facets of @entity3 and @entity9 -related disorders.

title: Cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of @entity3 and XXXX --from @entity1 models to @entity0 diseases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The present review describes the transgenic @entity1 models that have been designed to evaluate the functions of the cytochrome P450s involved in @entity3 and @entity9 synthesis, as well as their link with disease. The knockout of cholesterogenic @entity17 is embrionally lethal, with symptoms of @entity12 occurring in @entity1 , whereas the evidence for this association is conflicting in @entity0 . Disruption of @entity16 from classic @entity9 synthesis in @entity1 leads to either @entity4 or a milder phenotype with elevated serum @entity3 . The latter is similar to the case in @entity0 , where @entity14 mutations associate with high plasma low-density lipoprotein and hepatic @entity3 content, as well as deficient @entity9 excretion. Disruption of @entity8 from an alternative @entity9 pathway results in the absence of @entity10 and a reduced absorption of dietary lipids; however, the @entity0 @entity8 polymorphism fails to explain differences in @entity9 composition. Unexpectedly, apparently normal @entity18 (-/-) @entity1 still synthesize @entity6 that originate from the compensatory pathway. In @entity0 , @entity11 mutations cause @entity7 , suggesting that only @entity1 can compensate for the loss of alternative @entity9 synthesis. In line with this, @entity19 knockouts are also apparently normal, whereas @entity0 @entity19 mutations lead to a congenital @entity9 synthesis defect in @entity0 or @entity5 in adults. @entity1 knockouts of the brain-specific @entity13 have reduced brain @entity3 excretion, whereas, in @entity0 , @entity15 polymorphisms associate with @entity2 . At present, cytochrome P450 family 39 is poorly characterized. Despite important physiological differences between @entity0 and @entity1 , @entity1 models prove to be an invaluable tool for understanding the multifactorial facets of @entity3 and @entity9 -related disorders.

title: Cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of @entity3 and @entity6 --from XXXX models to @entity0 diseases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present review describes the transgenic @entity1 models that have been designed to evaluate the functions of the cytochrome P450s involved in @entity3 and @entity9 synthesis, as well as their link with disease. The knockout of cholesterogenic @entity17 is embrionally lethal, with symptoms of @entity12 occurring in @entity1 , whereas the evidence for this association is conflicting in @entity0 . Disruption of @entity16 from classic @entity9 synthesis in @entity1 leads to either @entity4 or a milder phenotype with elevated serum @entity3 . The latter is similar to the case in @entity0 , where @entity14 mutations associate with high plasma low-density lipoprotein and hepatic @entity3 content, as well as deficient @entity9 excretion. Disruption of @entity8 from an alternative @entity9 pathway results in the absence of @entity10 and a reduced absorption of dietary lipids; however, the @entity0 @entity8 polymorphism fails to explain differences in @entity9 composition. Unexpectedly, apparently normal @entity18 (-/-) @entity1 still synthesize @entity6 that originate from the compensatory pathway. In @entity0 , @entity11 mutations cause @entity7 , suggesting that only @entity1 can compensate for the loss of alternative @entity9 synthesis. In line with this, @entity19 knockouts are also apparently normal, whereas @entity0 @entity19 mutations lead to a congenital @entity9 synthesis defect in @entity0 or @entity5 in adults. @entity1 knockouts of the brain-specific @entity13 have reduced brain @entity3 excretion, whereas, in @entity0 , @entity15 polymorphisms associate with @entity2 . At present, cytochrome P450 family 39 is poorly characterized. Despite important physiological differences between @entity0 and @entity1 , @entity1 models prove to be an invaluable tool for understanding the multifactorial facets of @entity3 and @entity9 -related disorders.

title: Cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of XXXX and @entity6 --from @entity1 models to @entity0 diseases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The present review describes the transgenic @entity1 models that have been designed to evaluate the functions of the cytochrome P450s involved in @entity3 and @entity9 synthesis, as well as their link with disease. The knockout of cholesterogenic @entity17 is embrionally lethal, with symptoms of @entity12 occurring in @entity1 , whereas the evidence for this association is conflicting in @entity0 . Disruption of @entity16 from classic @entity9 synthesis in @entity1 leads to either @entity4 or a milder phenotype with elevated serum @entity3 . The latter is similar to the case in @entity0 , where @entity14 mutations associate with high plasma low-density lipoprotein and hepatic @entity3 content, as well as deficient @entity9 excretion. Disruption of @entity8 from an alternative @entity9 pathway results in the absence of @entity10 and a reduced absorption of dietary lipids; however, the @entity0 @entity8 polymorphism fails to explain differences in @entity9 composition. Unexpectedly, apparently normal @entity18 (-/-) @entity1 still synthesize @entity6 that originate from the compensatory pathway. In @entity0 , @entity11 mutations cause @entity7 , suggesting that only @entity1 can compensate for the loss of alternative @entity9 synthesis. In line with this, @entity19 knockouts are also apparently normal, whereas @entity0 @entity19 mutations lead to a congenital @entity9 synthesis defect in @entity0 or @entity5 in adults. @entity1 knockouts of the brain-specific @entity13 have reduced brain @entity3 excretion, whereas, in @entity0 , @entity15 polymorphisms associate with @entity2 . At present, cytochrome P450 family 39 is poorly characterized. Despite important physiological differences between @entity0 and @entity1 , @entity1 models prove to be an invaluable tool for understanding the multifactorial facets of @entity3 and @entity9 -related disorders.

title: Cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of @entity3 and @entity6 --from @entity1 models to XXXX diseases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of stereotactic ablative surgical interventions on the time required for the performance of manual tasks (i.e. performance time) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We studied 28 @entity0 after pallidotomy and pallido-thalamotomy who were evaluated at four time: before the operation, and 2 days, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The speed of performance of handwriting and drawing were assessed by means of a chronometer using certain parts of an international standard scale (modified by Fahn). The @entity0 were also assessed according to the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III. The @entity0 were divided into two groups. Those in group A had relief of all main @entity2 after pallidotomy including @entity3 . The @entity0 in group B had no relief of @entity3 straight after pallidotomy. For them the pallidotomy was completed with thalamotomy in the same sitting, which had resulted in cessation of @entity3 . The time of performance of the manual tasks diminished significantly in all cases in both groups (Student's t-test: p<0.0001). No complications developed following pallidotomy. @entity5 caused transient adverse effects in two @entity0 , and one @entity0 developed permanent adverse effects such as @entity4 and dysequilibrium. Significant improvements were observed in the speed of handwriting and drawing in both groups, but pallido-thalamotomy was accompanied with complications.

title: Ablative stereotactic surgery improves manual performance time in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pulmonary hydatid cysts remain a significant health problem in endemic regions like @entity2 . Here, we present our surgical experience in @entity0 with @entity7 . Between January 1985 and January 2001, 1118 operations were performed in 1032 @entity0 (528 males, 504 females; mean age 32.7 years; range 1-87 years) with @entity7 in our department. Posterolateral thoracotomy was performed in 1015 (98.3%), two-stage thoracotomy in 34 (3.3%), and median sternotomy in 17 (1.7%) @entity0 . We preferred conservative surgical procedures. As a surgical procedure, cystotomy and capitonnage was performed in 626 (56%), cystotomy alone in 368 (33%), wedge resection in 81 (7%), enucleation in 29 (3%), and decortication in 11 (1%) @entity0 . None of our @entity0 were treated with anatomic resection. During surgery, 949 @entity0 (92%) had unruptured and 83 @entity0 (8%) had ruptured hydatid cyst. The morbidity ratio was 6.7%. Major complications were @entity5 (2.3%), prolonged air leak (1.9%), @entity3 (1.2%), @entity4 (0.8%), @entity1 (0.6%), and @entity6 (0.3%). Two @entity0 (0.2%) died within the first month postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 31.2 months. Recurrence was detected in only 35 @entity0 (3.3%). Treatment of pulmonary hydatid cyst is primarily surgical. Medical treatment is indicated for recurrent and multiple hydatid cysts postoperatively. Cystotomy alone, or cystotomy and capitonnage, as parenchyma-preserving surgery, is preferred. Radical surgery including pneumonectomy, lobectomy, and segmentectomy should be avoided.

title: Parenchyma-preserving surgery in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To state about adequacy of surgery margins in soft tissue @entity1 (STS). METHODS: Review of the relevant literature. RESULTS: The end point for measuring the quality of margins in STS is local recurrence (LR). The rate of LR in specialised centres lies between 16 and 22%. The rates of LR should be given by the actuarial estimations. The methods determining margins are variable in the literature. By the quantitative methods, measuring the distance between the @entity0 edge and the limits of resection on the excision specimen, a twofold difference in LR is seen between adequate and inadequate margins. This difference is fourfold by the qualitative, consensual method from the @entity1 Group, appearing here more discriminatory. Obtaining adequate margins depends on the planned character of surgery, @entity0 size, @entity0 infiltration and grade. CONCLUSION: An actuarial 5-year LR rate ranging from 10 to 20% is a criterion for good quality of surgery. These results appear to be obtained best in specialised centres.

title: [Surgical margins in soft tissue XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Additional therapeutic options are needed for @entity0 with @entity5 such as @entity2 , @entity7 , severe @entity4 , and other rare factor deficiencies. A novel approach to improve coagulation in such @entity6 has been identified that, parodoxically, involves heparinlike sulfated polysaccharides. Select molecules of this broad class are largely devoid of anticoagulant activity and are here denoted Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides (NASPs). A mechanism involving blockade of the extrinsic pathway downregulator, @entity9 ( @entity9 ) by NASPs, was conceived as an approach for improving procoagulant behavior in hemophilic settings. A subset of NASPs, including pentosan polysulfate (PPS) and fucoidan inhibited both full-length and Kunitz 1 and 2 (K1K2) @entity9 and, at concentrations from 4-500 nM, improved (i.e. accelerated) the clotting time of @entity0 @entity2 and @entity7 plasmas or plasma with reduced factor VII levels when tested in dilute prothrombin time (dPT) assays. Fucoidan did not reduce normal plasma APTT times implying specificity for extrinsic pathway control. Improved hemostasis in vivo was observed in @entity1 with @entity2 A or B following low dose subcutaneous administration of @entity8 or fucoidan, or a combination of NASP plus factor supplement. Increased survival of factor deficient @entity1 following a @entity3 challenge was observed. Accordingly, administration of select NASP(s), via mechanism(s) not fully understood, represents a unique means of improving coagulation in @entity5 .

title: @entity5 in XXXX by Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides (NASP).

answer: @entity5


abstract: Additional therapeutic options are needed for @entity0 with @entity5 such as @entity2 , @entity7 , severe @entity4 , and other rare factor deficiencies. A novel approach to improve coagulation in such @entity6 has been identified that, parodoxically, involves heparinlike sulfated polysaccharides. Select molecules of this broad class are largely devoid of anticoagulant activity and are here denoted Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides (NASPs). A mechanism involving blockade of the extrinsic pathway downregulator, @entity9 ( @entity9 ) by NASPs, was conceived as an approach for improving procoagulant behavior in hemophilic settings. A subset of NASPs, including pentosan polysulfate (PPS) and fucoidan inhibited both full-length and Kunitz 1 and 2 (K1K2) @entity9 and, at concentrations from 4-500 nM, improved (i.e. accelerated) the clotting time of @entity0 @entity2 and @entity7 plasmas or plasma with reduced factor VII levels when tested in dilute prothrombin time (dPT) assays. Fucoidan did not reduce normal plasma APTT times implying specificity for extrinsic pathway control. Improved hemostasis in vivo was observed in @entity1 with @entity2 A or B following low dose subcutaneous administration of @entity8 or fucoidan, or a combination of NASP plus factor supplement. Increased survival of factor deficient @entity1 following a @entity3 challenge was observed. Accordingly, administration of select NASP(s), via mechanism(s) not fully understood, represents a unique means of improving coagulation in @entity5 .

title: XXXX in @entity5 by Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides (NASP).

answer: @entity5


abstract: We report unusual distinctive histopathological features in @entity1 of two @entity0 ( @entity0 1: congenital, @entity0 2: 30 months). Both @entity0 had paraventricularly located well-delineated @entity1 . Gross total resection could be performed and postoperative chemotherapy was administered. At the last follow-up, 18 ( @entity0 1) and 10 months ( @entity0 2) postoperatively, both @entity0 were in continuous complete remission. Histologically, both @entity1 were characterized by high cellular density and monomorphic appearance. @entity1 cells were small to medium-sized and the majority of cells showed a distinctive minigemistocytic shape. A small fraction of cells lacked a distinct cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were abundant, @entity1 @entity3 and @entity4 were absent. Immunohistochemically, the @entity1 cells expressed glial ( @entity5 , @entity6 ) and focally neuronal (NFP) proteins. Comparative genomic hybridization showed few, dissimilar @entity1 . Although sharp demarcation and monomorphic @entity1 are reminiscent of a primitive @entity1 , cytological and immunohistochemical glial differentiation refer to a @entity1 origin. To our knowledge the histopathological features of the described @entity1 do not correspond unequivocally to any @entity2 variant and could represent a distinctive new @entity2 subtype.

title: Malignant predominantly minigemistocytic XXXX in two @entity0 : a distinctive @entity2 variant?

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report unusual distinctive histopathological features in @entity1 of two @entity0 ( @entity0 1: congenital, @entity0 2: 30 months). Both @entity0 had paraventricularly located well-delineated @entity1 . Gross total resection could be performed and postoperative chemotherapy was administered. At the last follow-up, 18 ( @entity0 1) and 10 months ( @entity0 2) postoperatively, both @entity0 were in continuous complete remission. Histologically, both @entity1 were characterized by high cellular density and monomorphic appearance. @entity1 cells were small to medium-sized and the majority of cells showed a distinctive minigemistocytic shape. A small fraction of cells lacked a distinct cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were abundant, @entity1 @entity3 and @entity4 were absent. Immunohistochemically, the @entity1 cells expressed glial ( @entity5 , @entity6 ) and focally neuronal (NFP) proteins. Comparative genomic hybridization showed few, dissimilar @entity1 . Although sharp demarcation and monomorphic @entity1 are reminiscent of a primitive @entity1 , cytological and immunohistochemical glial differentiation refer to a @entity1 origin. To our knowledge the histopathological features of the described @entity1 do not correspond unequivocally to any @entity2 variant and could represent a distinctive new @entity2 subtype.

title: Malignant predominantly minigemistocytic @entity2 in two @entity0 : a distinctive XXXX variant?

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report unusual distinctive histopathological features in @entity1 of two @entity0 ( @entity0 1: congenital, @entity0 2: 30 months). Both @entity0 had paraventricularly located well-delineated @entity1 . Gross total resection could be performed and postoperative chemotherapy was administered. At the last follow-up, 18 ( @entity0 1) and 10 months ( @entity0 2) postoperatively, both @entity0 were in continuous complete remission. Histologically, both @entity1 were characterized by high cellular density and monomorphic appearance. @entity1 cells were small to medium-sized and the majority of cells showed a distinctive minigemistocytic shape. A small fraction of cells lacked a distinct cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were abundant, @entity1 @entity3 and @entity4 were absent. Immunohistochemically, the @entity1 cells expressed glial ( @entity5 , @entity6 ) and focally neuronal (NFP) proteins. Comparative genomic hybridization showed few, dissimilar @entity1 . Although sharp demarcation and monomorphic @entity1 are reminiscent of a primitive @entity1 , cytological and immunohistochemical glial differentiation refer to a @entity1 origin. To our knowledge the histopathological features of the described @entity1 do not correspond unequivocally to any @entity2 variant and could represent a distinctive new @entity2 subtype.

title: Malignant predominantly minigemistocytic @entity2 in two XXXX : a distinctive @entity2 variant?

answer: @entity0


abstract: A retrospective case review was carried out to report the outcomes in a contemporary case series of @entity3 originating in the hand. We identified five @entity0 treated since 1995. All five had wide surgical excision, one by ray amputation. All were treated with chemotherapy. Four @entity0 also received radiation therapy, two to treat @entity1 and two as an adjunct to local excision. There were no local recurrences. Two @entity0 developed @entity1 . Both died of their disease. Neither of these two @entity0 had received local postoperative radiation therapy; one did not receive chemotherapy before definitive surgery. The other three @entity0 were @entity2 at last follow-up, 4 to 12 years after initial presentation.

title: XXXX of the hand.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to test the preliminary psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Assessment @entity1 Scale (MAPS), a clinical instrument developed for assessing @entity2 in critically ill preverbal @entity0 . METHODS: The MAPS was developed using pain indicators observed in postoperative critically ill @entity0 . Content validity was established by a panel of experts. The scale was tested for validity and reliability in 43 postoperative @entity0 aged 0-31 months admitted to the pediatric intensive care units of two tertiary referral hospitals. @entity1 was measured concurrently by three independent assessors using the MAPS, the Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale (FLACC) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to assess concurrent and convergent validity. RESULTS: Internal consistency was moderate (r = 0.68). Interrater reliability of the MAPS was good (kappa: 0.68-0.84) for all categories and moderate for breathing pattern (kappa = 0.54). Excellent interrater reliability was shown for total MAPS (intraclass correlation 0.91). Agreement measurements between MAPS and FLACC, and MAPS and VAS showed that the risk of measurement error was small. CONCLUSION: Although initial psychometric testing of the MAPS shows promising results, the tool requires further psychometric testing, including responsiveness to analgesic effect (currently in progress).

title: Development and preliminary psychometric testing of the Multidimensional Assessment of XXXX Scale: MAPS.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical manifestations of @entity4 can be controlled by splenectomy. The use of this procedure has been restricted due to concerns regarding exposure of @entity0 to a lifelong risk of overwhelming infections. Subtotal splenectomy, which removes 85-90% of the enlarged spleen, is a logical alternative. In the first cases performed by laparoscopy we have chosen to preserve the upper pole. However, this technique showed some disadvantages, especially concerning the correct intraoperative evaluation of the splenic remnant volume. Therefore, we developed a new variant of the procedure by preserving the lower pole of the spleen. METHODS: Based on the authors' experience in laparoscopy (176 laparoscopic splenectomies), 10 laparoscopic subtotal splenectomies were performed in @entity0 with hereditary microspherocytosis, preserving either the upper or the lower splenic pole. RESULTS: @entity0 age ranged between 5 and 35 years. The mean volume of the remnant spleen was 41.4 cm3. There were no complications, and no transfusions were needed. Follow-up for 1-30 months was available. CONCLUSIONS: Subtotal splenectomy appears to control @entity3 while maintaining splenic function. The laparoscopic approach is safe and effective and should be considered the procedure of choice in hereditary microspherocytosis. Laparoscopic subtotal splenectomy presents an advantage over open subtotal splenectomy, resulting in decreased @entity1 , shorter hospital stay, no conversions, fewer @entity2 , and excellent remission rates. On the basis of our experience, the preservation of the lower pole of the spleen seems to be a first-line option for the optimal evaluation of the residual splenic mass.

title: Laparoscopic subtotal splenectomy in XXXX : to preserve the upper or the lower pole of the spleen?

answer: @entity4


abstract: The tongue plays a key role in oropharyngeal swallowing. It has been reported that maximum isometric tongue pressure decreases with age. The risk for @entity1 resulting from low tongue strength remains unclear. This study was designed to reveal the relationship between tongue pressure and clinical signs of @entity0 and cough and to demonstrate the clinical value of tongue pressure measurement in the evaluation of swallowing function. One hundred forty-five institutionalized elderly in five nursing homes participated. Evaluation of physical activity with self-standing up capability and mental condition with Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) were recorded. Maximum tongue pressure was determined using a newly developed tongue pressure measurement device. @entity2 movement and signs of dysphagic cough at mealtime were inspected and evaluated by one clinically experienced dentist and speech therapist. The relationship between level of tongue pressure and incidence of cough was evaluated using logistic regression analysis with physical and mental conditions as covariates. Tongue pressure as measured by the newly developed device was significantly related to the @entity0 and incidence of cough (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that tongue pressure measurement reflects clinical signs of @entity0 and cough and that measurement of tongue pressure is useful for the bedside evaluation of swallowing.

title: XXXX pressure reflects symptom of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The tongue plays a key role in oropharyngeal swallowing. It has been reported that maximum isometric tongue pressure decreases with age. The risk for @entity1 resulting from low tongue strength remains unclear. This study was designed to reveal the relationship between tongue pressure and clinical signs of @entity0 and cough and to demonstrate the clinical value of tongue pressure measurement in the evaluation of swallowing function. One hundred forty-five institutionalized elderly in five nursing homes participated. Evaluation of physical activity with self-standing up capability and mental condition with Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) were recorded. Maximum tongue pressure was determined using a newly developed tongue pressure measurement device. @entity2 movement and signs of dysphagic cough at mealtime were inspected and evaluated by one clinically experienced dentist and speech therapist. The relationship between level of tongue pressure and incidence of cough was evaluated using logistic regression analysis with physical and mental conditions as covariates. Tongue pressure as measured by the newly developed device was significantly related to the @entity0 and incidence of cough (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that tongue pressure measurement reflects clinical signs of @entity0 and cough and that measurement of tongue pressure is useful for the bedside evaluation of swallowing.

title: @entity2 pressure reflects symptom of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), there is controversy between radical and nephron-sparing surgical treatment because of the risk of @entity0 multifocality. The biologic behavior of multifocal @entity2 compared with that of unifocal @entity2 is not well investigated, and the relevance of @entity1 and the proliferation markers @entity4 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) to multifocal @entity2 is not yet established. METHODS: In this study, @entity1 protein overexpression was investigated immunohistochemically in 27 multifocal and 65 unifocal clear cell RCCs using a monoclonal antibody (DO-1). The nuclear expression of @entity1 was compared with the expression of @entity3 and @entity4 (Ki-67 antigen) and other prognostic factors, including grade and stage. RESULTS: Thirty-three RCCs (35.9%) had @entity1 positive nuclear staining. @entity4 positivity was significantly higher in @entity1 positive @entity0 than in @entity1 negative @entity0 . @entity3 positivity was not different in @entity1 positive @entity0 compared with @entity1 negative @entity0 . Proliferation marker expression was not associated with @entity0 focality. @entity1 overexpression was more often found in @entity0 than in multifocal @entity0 . Intracellular accumulation of the @entity1 protein was related to @entity0 grade but not to the T classification of @entity0 stage. In addition, lymph node involvement was significantly associated with @entity1 overexpression in @entity0 of the kidney. Focality did not influence progression free survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that there is no difference in the proliferative activity or biologic behavior of multifocal and @entity0 .

title: Biologic behavior of and @entity1 overexpression in multifocal XXXX of clear cell type: an immunohistochemical study correlating grading, staging, and proliferation markers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), there is controversy between radical and nephron-sparing surgical treatment because of the risk of @entity0 multifocality. The biologic behavior of multifocal @entity2 compared with that of unifocal @entity2 is not well investigated, and the relevance of @entity1 and the proliferation markers @entity4 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) to multifocal @entity2 is not yet established. METHODS: In this study, @entity1 protein overexpression was investigated immunohistochemically in 27 multifocal and 65 unifocal clear cell RCCs using a monoclonal antibody (DO-1). The nuclear expression of @entity1 was compared with the expression of @entity3 and @entity4 (Ki-67 antigen) and other prognostic factors, including grade and stage. RESULTS: Thirty-three RCCs (35.9%) had @entity1 positive nuclear staining. @entity4 positivity was significantly higher in @entity1 positive @entity0 than in @entity1 negative @entity0 . @entity3 positivity was not different in @entity1 positive @entity0 compared with @entity1 negative @entity0 . Proliferation marker expression was not associated with @entity0 focality. @entity1 overexpression was more often found in @entity0 than in multifocal @entity0 . Intracellular accumulation of the @entity1 protein was related to @entity0 grade but not to the T classification of @entity0 stage. In addition, lymph node involvement was significantly associated with @entity1 overexpression in @entity0 of the kidney. Focality did not influence progression free survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that there is no difference in the proliferative activity or biologic behavior of multifocal and @entity0 .

title: Biologic behavior of and XXXX overexpression in multifocal @entity2 of clear cell type: an immunohistochemical study correlating grading, staging, and proliferation markers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the recombinant @entity0 @entity3 (rhBMP-2) and/or the osteogenic agents on proliferation and expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the SD @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: The @entity1 MSCs were cultured in vitro and were randomly divided into the experimental groups (Groups A-I) and the control group. In the experimental group, MSCs were induced by rhBMP-2 in different doses (10, 50, 100 and 200 microg/L) in Groups B-E, the osteogenic agent alone (Group A) and by the combined use of rhBMP-2 [in different doses (10,50, 100 and 200 microg/L)] and the osteogenic agent in Groups F-I. The @entity2 colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the proliferation, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were observed at 3, 6, 9, 12 days, respectively. RESULTS: The inverted phase contrast microscopy showed that MSCs by primary culture for 12 hours were adhibited, with a fusiform shape at 48 hours. At 4 days they were polygonal or atractoid, and were spread gyrately or radiately at 6 days. At 10 days, they were spread at the bottom of the bottle. The statistical analysis showed that the expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of MSCs could be induced in the experimental groups. The proliferation of MSCs could be enhanced in a dose-dependent manner in Groups B-E. The expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation, which was tested by the activities of ALP and @entity4 , was significantly higher in Groups F-I than in Groups A-E. CONCLUSION: The combined use of rhBMP-2 and the osteogenic agents can enhance the MSC proliferation and induce an expression and maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the @entity1 MSCs.

title: [Effects of recombinant XXXX @entity3 and osteogenic agents on proliferation and differentiation of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the recombinant @entity0 @entity3 (rhBMP-2) and/or the osteogenic agents on proliferation and expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the SD @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: The @entity1 MSCs were cultured in vitro and were randomly divided into the experimental groups (Groups A-I) and the control group. In the experimental group, MSCs were induced by rhBMP-2 in different doses (10, 50, 100 and 200 microg/L) in Groups B-E, the osteogenic agent alone (Group A) and by the combined use of rhBMP-2 [in different doses (10,50, 100 and 200 microg/L)] and the osteogenic agent in Groups F-I. The @entity2 colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the proliferation, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were observed at 3, 6, 9, 12 days, respectively. RESULTS: The inverted phase contrast microscopy showed that MSCs by primary culture for 12 hours were adhibited, with a fusiform shape at 48 hours. At 4 days they were polygonal or atractoid, and were spread gyrately or radiately at 6 days. At 10 days, they were spread at the bottom of the bottle. The statistical analysis showed that the expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of MSCs could be induced in the experimental groups. The proliferation of MSCs could be enhanced in a dose-dependent manner in Groups B-E. The expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation, which was tested by the activities of ALP and @entity4 , was significantly higher in Groups F-I than in Groups A-E. CONCLUSION: The combined use of rhBMP-2 and the osteogenic agents can enhance the MSC proliferation and induce an expression and maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the @entity1 MSCs.

title: [Effects of recombinant @entity0 XXXX and osteogenic agents on proliferation and differentiation of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the recombinant @entity0 @entity3 (rhBMP-2) and/or the osteogenic agents on proliferation and expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the SD @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: The @entity1 MSCs were cultured in vitro and were randomly divided into the experimental groups (Groups A-I) and the control group. In the experimental group, MSCs were induced by rhBMP-2 in different doses (10, 50, 100 and 200 microg/L) in Groups B-E, the osteogenic agent alone (Group A) and by the combined use of rhBMP-2 [in different doses (10,50, 100 and 200 microg/L)] and the osteogenic agent in Groups F-I. The @entity2 colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the proliferation, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were observed at 3, 6, 9, 12 days, respectively. RESULTS: The inverted phase contrast microscopy showed that MSCs by primary culture for 12 hours were adhibited, with a fusiform shape at 48 hours. At 4 days they were polygonal or atractoid, and were spread gyrately or radiately at 6 days. At 10 days, they were spread at the bottom of the bottle. The statistical analysis showed that the expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of MSCs could be induced in the experimental groups. The proliferation of MSCs could be enhanced in a dose-dependent manner in Groups B-E. The expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation, which was tested by the activities of ALP and @entity4 , was significantly higher in Groups F-I than in Groups A-E. CONCLUSION: The combined use of rhBMP-2 and the osteogenic agents can enhance the MSC proliferation and induce an expression and maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the @entity1 MSCs.

title: [Effects of recombinant @entity0 @entity3 and osteogenic agents on proliferation and differentiation of XXXX mesenchymal stem cells].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A study was conducted in order to detect the presence of @entity2 spp in fattening @entity1 , to identify the serogroups present and to determine the sensibility to the antibiotics more used in the region. The farm was a breeding farm of a multiple-site system. Of the total farrowings of a week, 55 sows and one piglet from each sow were selected. All @entity1 were negative to @entity2 spp. at the star of the study. Piglets were monitored from day two of age (six times; every 23 days approximately) up to finishing (23 weeks of age). Samples of feces (1 g/animal) were collected directly from the @entity1 's rectum. The first positive @entity1 was found at the second sampling (25 days) and the highest number of positive cases in the fifth sampling (117 days). The cumulative incidence was 52.7%. Thirty-four out of the 40 Salmonellas isolated corresponded to the @entity3 and 6 to the C2 serogroup. The serotypes found in the @entity3 were: @entity2 (28/34) and S. agona (6/34). Regarding serogroup C2 these were: S. romanby and S ajiobo. @entity2 spp @entity3 included three of the serotypes more commonly isolated in @entity0 : @entity2 , S. agona and S. heidelberg.

title: Incidence of salmonellosis and identification of serogroups and serotypes in a XXXX commercial farm in Yucatan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The low-frequency (<1000 cm-1) region of the IR spectrum has the potential to provide detailed structural and mechanistic insight into the photosystem II/ @entity0 evolving complex (PSII/OEC). A cluster of four @entity1 ions forms the core of the OEC and diagnostic @entity1 -ligand and @entity1 -substrate modes are expected to occur in the 200-900 cm-1 range. However, water also absorbs IR strongly in this region, which has limited previous Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies of the OEC to higher frequencies (>1000 cm-1). We have overcome the technical obstacles that have blocked FTIR access to low-frequency substrate, cofactor, and protein vibrational modes by using partially dehydrated samples, appropriate window materials, a wide-range MCT detector, a novel band-pass filter, and a closely regulated temperature control system. With this design, we studied PSII/OEC samples that were prepared by brief illumination of O2 evolving and Tris-washed preparations at 200 K or by a single saturating laser flash applied to O2 evolving and inhibited samples at 250 K. These protocols allowed us to isolate low-frequency modes that are specific to the QA-/QA and S2/S1 states. The high-frequency FTIR spectra recorded for these samples and parallel EPR experiments confirmed the states accessed by the trapping procedures we used. In the S2/S1 spectrum, we detect positive bands at 631 and 602 cm-1 and negative bands at 850, 679, 664, and 650 cm-1 that are specifically associated with these two S states. The possible origins of these IR bands are discussed. For the low-frequency QA-/QA difference spectrum, several modes can be assigned to ring stretching and bending modes from the neutral and anion radical states of the @entity2 acceptor. These results provide insight into the PSII/OEC and demonstrate the utility of FTIR techniques in accessing low-frequency modes in proteins.

title: Low-frequency fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the XXXX -evolving and @entity2 acceptor complexes in photosystem II.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The low-frequency (<1000 cm-1) region of the IR spectrum has the potential to provide detailed structural and mechanistic insight into the photosystem II/ @entity0 evolving complex (PSII/OEC). A cluster of four @entity1 ions forms the core of the OEC and diagnostic @entity1 -ligand and @entity1 -substrate modes are expected to occur in the 200-900 cm-1 range. However, water also absorbs IR strongly in this region, which has limited previous Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies of the OEC to higher frequencies (>1000 cm-1). We have overcome the technical obstacles that have blocked FTIR access to low-frequency substrate, cofactor, and protein vibrational modes by using partially dehydrated samples, appropriate window materials, a wide-range MCT detector, a novel band-pass filter, and a closely regulated temperature control system. With this design, we studied PSII/OEC samples that were prepared by brief illumination of O2 evolving and Tris-washed preparations at 200 K or by a single saturating laser flash applied to O2 evolving and inhibited samples at 250 K. These protocols allowed us to isolate low-frequency modes that are specific to the QA-/QA and S2/S1 states. The high-frequency FTIR spectra recorded for these samples and parallel EPR experiments confirmed the states accessed by the trapping procedures we used. In the S2/S1 spectrum, we detect positive bands at 631 and 602 cm-1 and negative bands at 850, 679, 664, and 650 cm-1 that are specifically associated with these two S states. The possible origins of these IR bands are discussed. For the low-frequency QA-/QA difference spectrum, several modes can be assigned to ring stretching and bending modes from the neutral and anion radical states of the @entity2 acceptor. These results provide insight into the PSII/OEC and demonstrate the utility of FTIR techniques in accessing low-frequency modes in proteins.

title: Low-frequency fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the @entity0 -evolving and XXXX acceptor complexes in photosystem II.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 is an ovarian mature teratoma composed exclusively or predominantly of thyroid tissue. @entity8 is rare and poorly understood, although this process is thought to be similar to carcinogenesis in @entity1 of differentiated thyroid tissue originating in the thyroid gland. Genetic alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, including mutations of @entity4 , RAS, and @entity7 genes, have been implicated in the development of @entity3 arising in the thyroid gland. We report here a case with RAS mutation detected in a @entity8 . The @entity0 is a 38-year-old female who had a 2.4 cm ovarian cyst noted incidentally on a first trimester ultrasound. She proceeded to ovarian cystectomy post-delivery, with pathologic examination detecting a @entity6 , follicular variant, arising in a @entity2 . The @entity1 was tested for @entity4 , RAS, and @entity7 /PTC mutations. HRAS codon 61 mutation was identified. This is the first report of RAS mutation detected in the follicular variant of @entity5 arising in a @entity8 . It provides evidence that @entity1 developing in this setting involve molecular mechanisms similar to those implicated in @entity1 developing in the thyroid gland.

title: RAS mutation-positive follicular variant of XXXX arising in a @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity8 is an ovarian mature teratoma composed exclusively or predominantly of thyroid tissue. @entity8 is rare and poorly understood, although this process is thought to be similar to carcinogenesis in @entity1 of differentiated thyroid tissue originating in the thyroid gland. Genetic alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, including mutations of @entity4 , RAS, and @entity7 genes, have been implicated in the development of @entity3 arising in the thyroid gland. We report here a case with RAS mutation detected in a @entity8 . The @entity0 is a 38-year-old female who had a 2.4 cm ovarian cyst noted incidentally on a first trimester ultrasound. She proceeded to ovarian cystectomy post-delivery, with pathologic examination detecting a @entity6 , follicular variant, arising in a @entity2 . The @entity1 was tested for @entity4 , RAS, and @entity7 /PTC mutations. HRAS codon 61 mutation was identified. This is the first report of RAS mutation detected in the follicular variant of @entity5 arising in a @entity8 . It provides evidence that @entity1 developing in this setting involve molecular mechanisms similar to those implicated in @entity1 developing in the thyroid gland.

title: RAS mutation-positive follicular variant of @entity6 arising in a XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether a commercially available time-efficient T2 mapping sequence will demonstrate findings of articular cartilage degeneration based on T2 relaxation values (RV) and color maps, using subchondral @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a marker for @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity0 group consisted of 88 subjects who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T who had subchondral @entity2 evident on fat-suppressed T2-weighted sequences. The control group was comprised of 60 subjects with no evidence of subchondral @entity2 . A commercially available eight echo T2 relaxation sequence (acquisition time 8:36 min) was used to construct a T2 color map and to determine T2 RVs. T2 RVs were determined on cartilage overlying subchondral @entity2 in @entity0 and in eight pre-determined anatomical regions in controls. T2 color maps in the @entity0 and control groups were analyzed for degree of color stratification (presence = two or more colors) at the same anatomic site as that used for T2 RV determination. RESULTS: T2 RVs were significantly increased in @entity0 compared to controls for the medial femoral condyle (MF; p < 0.01), medial patellar facet (MP; p < 0.01), lateral patellar facet (LP; p < 0.01), lateral femoral condyle (LF; p < 0.01) and lateral tibial plateau (LT; p < 0.01). Loss of color stratification was noted in @entity0 compared to controls in the medial tibial plateau (MT; p = 0.01), LF (p < 0.01), and LT (p < 0.01). In the @entity0 group, increase in T2 RVs was associated with corresponding decrease in color stratification in MF (p < 0.01), MT (p < 0.01), MP (p < 0.01), medial femoral trochlear groove (p = 0.02), and lateral femoral trochlear groove (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Subchondral @entity2 was associated with an increase in adjacent articular cartilage T2 RVs at some sites. Also, elevated T2 RVs were associated with loss of color stratification.

title: Can T2 relaxation values and color maps be used to detect XXXX utilizing subchondral @entity2 as a marker?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether a commercially available time-efficient T2 mapping sequence will demonstrate findings of articular cartilage degeneration based on T2 relaxation values (RV) and color maps, using subchondral @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a marker for @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity0 group consisted of 88 subjects who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T who had subchondral @entity2 evident on fat-suppressed T2-weighted sequences. The control group was comprised of 60 subjects with no evidence of subchondral @entity2 . A commercially available eight echo T2 relaxation sequence (acquisition time 8:36 min) was used to construct a T2 color map and to determine T2 RVs. T2 RVs were determined on cartilage overlying subchondral @entity2 in @entity0 and in eight pre-determined anatomical regions in controls. T2 color maps in the @entity0 and control groups were analyzed for degree of color stratification (presence = two or more colors) at the same anatomic site as that used for T2 RV determination. RESULTS: T2 RVs were significantly increased in @entity0 compared to controls for the medial femoral condyle (MF; p < 0.01), medial patellar facet (MP; p < 0.01), lateral patellar facet (LP; p < 0.01), lateral femoral condyle (LF; p < 0.01) and lateral tibial plateau (LT; p < 0.01). Loss of color stratification was noted in @entity0 compared to controls in the medial tibial plateau (MT; p = 0.01), LF (p < 0.01), and LT (p < 0.01). In the @entity0 group, increase in T2 RVs was associated with corresponding decrease in color stratification in MF (p < 0.01), MT (p < 0.01), MP (p < 0.01), medial femoral trochlear groove (p = 0.02), and lateral femoral trochlear groove (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Subchondral @entity2 was associated with an increase in adjacent articular cartilage T2 RVs at some sites. Also, elevated T2 RVs were associated with loss of color stratification.

title: Can T2 relaxation values and color maps be used to detect @entity1 utilizing subchondral XXXX as a marker?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Molecular biological @entity2 markers and prognostic parameters are necessary for differential diagnosis, individual prognosis, and therapy in @entity0 with @entity3 . By using high throughput technologies, it is possible to characterize @entity2 samples comprehensively. Based on specific genetic alterations, histopathological subtypes were defined as independent @entity2 entities. Genetic characteristics can be used for diagnosis of @entity2 samples and also of biopsies. Furthermore, specific molecular patterns of @entity1 are known, allowing the determination of the @entity2 's metastatic potential. The specific protein patterns of serum samples of @entity2 @entity0 were analyzed, and several candidate proteins have been identified. One of these is @entity4 , which is elevated in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). New therapeutic options are now available for @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 . Therefore, it is necessary to select the best therapy for each @entity0 and to detect therapy resistance very early. Biomarkers in @entity2 tissue and serum were found to correlate with therapy response.

title: [Tumor profiling of XXXX : relevance for diagnostics and therapy].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 cell lines are widely used to study physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in @entity2 metabolism and to establish in vitro models for studies on beta-cells. In contrast, @entity0 @entity5 cell lines are rarely used because of difficulties in obtaining and culturing them for long periods. The aim of our study was to investigate, under different experimental conditions, the capacity of the @entity0 @entity5 to retain beta-cell function, particularly the expression of constitutive beta-cell genes (insulin, the @entity2 transporters @entity3 and @entity7 , @entity6 ), intracellular and secreted insulin, beta-cell granules, and @entity1 content. Results showed that CM cells from an early-passage express specific beta-cell genes in response to @entity2 stimulation, in particular the insulin and GLUT genes. Such capacity is lost at later passages when cells are cultured at standard @entity2 concentrations. However, if cultured at lower @entity2 concentration (0.8 mM) for a longer time, CM cells re-acquire the capacity to respond to @entity2 stimulation, as shown by the increased expression of beta-cell genes (insulin, @entity7 , @entity6 ). Nonetheless, insulin secretion could not be restored under such experimental conditions despite the presence of intracellular insulin, although @entity1 response to a potent activator of adenylate cyclase, @entity4 , was present indicating a viable system. In conclusion, these data show that the @entity0 @entity5 , at both early-passage and late-passage, posseses a functional @entity2 -signalling pathway and insulin mRNA expression similar to normal beta-cells, representing, therefore, a good model for studies concerning the signalling and expression of beta-cells. Furthermore, we have previously shown that it is also a good model for immunological studies. In this respect it is important to note that the CM cell line is one of the very few existing @entity0 beta-cell lines in long-term culture.

title: Beta-cell gene expression and functional characterisation of the @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 cell lines are widely used to study physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in @entity2 metabolism and to establish in vitro models for studies on beta-cells. In contrast, @entity0 @entity5 cell lines are rarely used because of difficulties in obtaining and culturing them for long periods. The aim of our study was to investigate, under different experimental conditions, the capacity of the @entity0 @entity5 to retain beta-cell function, particularly the expression of constitutive beta-cell genes (insulin, the @entity2 transporters @entity3 and @entity7 , @entity6 ), intracellular and secreted insulin, beta-cell granules, and @entity1 content. Results showed that CM cells from an early-passage express specific beta-cell genes in response to @entity2 stimulation, in particular the insulin and GLUT genes. Such capacity is lost at later passages when cells are cultured at standard @entity2 concentrations. However, if cultured at lower @entity2 concentration (0.8 mM) for a longer time, CM cells re-acquire the capacity to respond to @entity2 stimulation, as shown by the increased expression of beta-cell genes (insulin, @entity7 , @entity6 ). Nonetheless, insulin secretion could not be restored under such experimental conditions despite the presence of intracellular insulin, although @entity1 response to a potent activator of adenylate cyclase, @entity4 , was present indicating a viable system. In conclusion, these data show that the @entity0 @entity5 , at both early-passage and late-passage, posseses a functional @entity2 -signalling pathway and insulin mRNA expression similar to normal beta-cells, representing, therefore, a good model for studies concerning the signalling and expression of beta-cells. Furthermore, we have previously shown that it is also a good model for immunological studies. In this respect it is important to note that the CM cell line is one of the very few existing @entity0 beta-cell lines in long-term culture.

title: Beta-cell gene expression and functional characterisation of the XXXX @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study describes the clinical features, natural history and treatment of 100 @entity0 with @entity8 . Over half had one or more affected relatives. Symptoms commenced in adolescence or early adult life in most @entity0 , and remissions were uncommon. @entity8 occurred several times each day, often in unusual circumstances and sometimes with little warning. The mean total sleep time of narco-leptics was a little over 9 hours in each 24 hour period, as compared with under 8 in normal subjects. Cataplexy occurred in 93 @entity0 , most commonly when subjects were tired. Attacks were similar in nature to physiological weakness with laughter, although other sudden sensory or emotional stimuli did not cause paralysis of @entity3 nor loss of muscle tone in normal subjects. Half these @entity0 had frequent dreams before the onset of proper sleep, and 62 had @entity10 . This was often frightening, with feelings of suffocation, accompanied by dreams, and of uncertain length. A minority of @entity0 with @entity8 had muscle aches and jerks before sleep, @entity5 or loss of focus during @entity9 , went sleep-walking by day, and had daytime @entity6 . @entity4 had been given to 71 @entity0 for periods of up to 33 years with adequate, but rarely complete, control of @entity8 . Side effects were common and almost half these @entity0 became tolerant, needing higher dosage to control symptoms. Three @entity0 had a @entity1 whilst taking @entity4 . @entity7 or @entity11 had ben given in combination with @entity4 to 33 @entity0 for periods of up to 6 years with considerable improvement in both @entity9 and @entity10 , and few side effects. Sustained or paroxysmal @entity2 as a result of @entity4 or combined treatment did not occur.

title: Natural history, symptoms and treatment of the XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate clinicopathologic findings of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and evaluate their prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 20 @entity0 with histologically confirmed @entity3 treated between October 1996 and December 2004 at Asan Medical Center, Korea. The review included demographic data, pathologic findings, treatments, and outcomes. RESULTS: Of 1,358 invasive @entity2 , the incidence of @entity3 was 1.5%. Median age was 45.5 years. The clinical stages were Ib in 11, IIa in two, IIb in one, IIIa in one, IIIb in one, IVa in three and IVb in one. Fourteen @entity0 underwent radical hysterectomy. Ten @entity0 are alive and nine show no evidence of disease. Median overall survival was 77.0 months and 5-year overall survival rate was 50%. There was significant difference in overall survival with FIGO stage and @entity1 mass size. CONCLUSION: Advanced FIGO stage and @entity1 mass size are poor prognostic factors for overall survival in @entity0 with @entity3 . Even though @entity3 is a highly aggressive @entity1 , early diagnosis and combined therapeutic modalities may lead to longer survival in some @entity0 .

title: XXXX : clinicopathologic study of 20 cases in a single center.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cytology and galactography. Ninety-four @entity1 submitted to duct excision, representing a total of 98 duct excisions, were retrospectively analyzed from January 1997 to May 2007. Histology of ducts excised revealed 35% duct ectasia (DE), 31% duct @entity4 (DP), 20% potential @entity2 (PMTL), 6% @entity0 ( @entity0 ), 1% @entity3 and 6% normal breast tissue. Cytology had a sensibility and specificity in detecting duct pathology of, respectively, 40% and 61.3%, a positive predictive value ( @entity5 ) of 53.8% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 47.5%. Concerning malignant and PMTL, cytology had a sensibility and specificity of, respectively, 46.2% and 62.3%, a @entity5 of 25% and a NPV of 82.5%. @entity0 was never suggested by positive cytology. Galactography had a sensibility and specificity in detecting duct pathology of, respectively, 77.4% and 29.2%, a @entity5 of 58.5% and a NPV of 50%. For malignant and PMTL, galactography had a sensibility and specificity of, respectively, 80% and 26.7%, a @entity5 of 19.5% and a NPV of 85.7%. However, galactography never suggested a diagnosis of @entity2 . Cytology and galactography performed together in 49% showed a low Kappa Index (KI < 1), allowing us to conclude that cytology and galactography detect different pathologies. Cytology showed a poor performance in predicting histological diagnosis in face of @entity6 . Galactography had a good sensibility in excluding malignant lesions and PMTL. Galactography was significantly more sensitive for duct pathology but cytology was more specific for malignant lesions and PMTL.

title: What is the diagnostic value of XXXX cytology and galactography in detecting duct pathology?

answer: @entity6


abstract: Mortality from @entity1 decreased from the end of the 19th Century, when @entity4 was the rule, to the 21st Century, when mortality is 5%. The greatest advances were produced during wars, mainly due to improved transport conditions, antisepsis, advances in operating and anesthetic techniques, the management of fluids, blood and blood products, the use of antibiotics, exteriorization of wounds, and the use of colostomy. @entity2 , rectum and colon are infrequent. Their prevalence is difficult to establish because they can be caused by several factors. In Spain, the most frequent causes are traffic accidents and @entity5 , while in America the most common causes are stab or gunshot wounds. Although the etiology of these injuries is diverse, two major groups of @entity1 can be established: @entity2 and iatrogenic @entity2 . Clinical symptoms vary, ranging from abdominal, pelvic, perianal or anal @entity3 , sometimes associated with rectorrhagia, to peritonismus or shock. Diagnosis is based on physical and rectal examination and laboratory, radiological, and endoscopic investigations. Laparoscopy can also be used on occasions. Treatment should be individualized, depending on the @entity0 's history, current status, the time elapsed since injury, the status of the injured intestine, the degree of fecal contamination, associated lesions, and the surgeon's experience.

title: [Current situation of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A method for determination of trace @entity0 in hair by @entity1 generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry under normal or high temperature and high humidity condition was described. The ways of samples pretreatment, analysis and rapid clearing up bad memory were researched. The results showed: that the effect of instability of @entity0 can be cushioned under high temperature and high humidity condition by choosing much negative high pressure and control long the fluorescence intensity of standard blank. There weren't evident differences in the measure results of standard graph, standard and sample between normal and high temperature and high humidity conditions. When the reducer concentration was more than 2.5 percent or less than 1.5 percent the fluorescence signal was often overrun or disappeared. The sensitivity and stability of instrument weren't easily balanced. Due to @entity2 remainder, the fluorescence intensity of sample blank was higher than that of standard blank, especially under high temperature and high humidity, so in the proceed of sample pretreatment @entity2 was used scarcely. The bad memory effect can be cleared up rapidly by correction of negative high pressure and correction of of timized standard graph. The method was rapid and accurate. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was equal to or small than 1.1%. The detection limit of the method was 0.006 ng x mL(-1).

title: [Determination of trace XXXX in hair by @entity1 generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A method for determination of trace @entity0 in hair by @entity1 generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry under normal or high temperature and high humidity condition was described. The ways of samples pretreatment, analysis and rapid clearing up bad memory were researched. The results showed: that the effect of instability of @entity0 can be cushioned under high temperature and high humidity condition by choosing much negative high pressure and control long the fluorescence intensity of standard blank. There weren't evident differences in the measure results of standard graph, standard and sample between normal and high temperature and high humidity conditions. When the reducer concentration was more than 2.5 percent or less than 1.5 percent the fluorescence signal was often overrun or disappeared. The sensitivity and stability of instrument weren't easily balanced. Due to @entity2 remainder, the fluorescence intensity of sample blank was higher than that of standard blank, especially under high temperature and high humidity, so in the proceed of sample pretreatment @entity2 was used scarcely. The bad memory effect can be cleared up rapidly by correction of negative high pressure and correction of of timized standard graph. The method was rapid and accurate. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was equal to or small than 1.1%. The detection limit of the method was 0.006 ng x mL(-1).

title: [Determination of trace @entity0 in hair by XXXX generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of energy density and food weight (volume) on subsequent intake. DESIGN: Sixteen lean @entity0 were each studied four times during a 2-d protocol at the Rowett's @entity0 Nutrition Unit. On day 1, subjects were fed a mandatory diet at 1.6 x resting metabolic rate (RMR). On day 2, during the mandatory morning period (08.30-12.30) subjects consumed a fixed breakfast (08.30) plus a snack (10.30) in one of four treatments [with values in weight (kg), ED (kJ/100g), Energy (MJ)]: (i) zero intake, 0:0:0 (ii) low energy density (LED), 0.615: 400: 2.46; (iii) @entity2 ( @entity2 ), 0.615: 800: 4.92; (iv) 2 x LED, 1.225: 400: 4.91. From 12.30, throughout the remainder of the day, subjects had ad libitum access to 15 high-protein, 15 high-fat and 15 high- @entity1 foods. Motivation to eat was tracked hourly using 100 mm line scales. RESULTS: ANOVA showed subjects were hungrier after the zero and LED treatments in the mandatory period (p<0.001). Lunch time EI was 5.0, 3.1, 4.2 and 3.2 MJ on the zero, @entity2 , LED and 2 x LED treatments, respectively (p<0.001). Total ad libitum EI was 11.7, 9.6, 10.3 and 9.5 MJ/d, respectively (p=0.033). Total ad libitum plus mandatory intakes amounted to 11.7, 14.5, 12.6 and 14.4 MJ/d, respectively (p=0.001). Corresponding food intakes were 2.18, 2.39, 2.51 and 3.06 kg/d, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that subjects respond to both the amount of food eaten in the morning and to the energy density of those foods. However, compensation was only partial and short-term. Subjects only compensated EI by approximately 40% and that compensation only occurred at the next meal.

title: Energy density and weight of food effect short-term caloric compensation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation the participation of @entity1 in prophylactic and educational program according their declarations and also the role of health service, after introduction the population screenings in the country in years: 2006 and 2007. Identify the most neglected groups in this field. METHODS: In 2008 the questionnaire survey were conducted in representative sample of Polish @entity1 . They were asked about their health behaviors as: attending mammography, to the doctors for examination their breast and breast self examination. The most important results were compared with results of similar survey in 1998. RESULT: It was observed the substantial increase of @entity1 in the age risk groups (45-54, 55-64, 65+ years old) who declared attending mammography in the last two years in 2008 in comparison with 1998 accordingly: 26%, 39%, and 14%. Also the increase of percent of village @entity1 declared this method of early detection of @entity0 in the same period was significant--28%. The most neglected groups of @entity1 in the aspect of prophylactic of @entity0 were @entity1 in the age over 65 years old and @entity1 from the village area. CONCLUSION: (1) It is important to continue educational work and intervention measures concerning @entity0 prevention, with special attention to the most neglected groups of @entity1 . (2) It would be important to continue educating doctors in prophylactic breast examination. (3) Most stress should be done on the promotion of active @entity0 screening program.

title: [Social aspects of XXXX early detection after introduction of population screenings in Poland].

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Electrospun nanofibers represent potent guidance substrates for nervous tissue repair. Development of nanofiber-based scaffolds for CNS repair requires, as a first step, an understanding of appropriate neural cell type-substrate interactions. MATERIALS _ METHODS: Astrocyte-nanofiber interactions (e.g., adhesion, proliferation, process extension and migration) were studied by comparing @entity0 neural progenitor-derived astrocytes ( @entity4 -ACs) and a @entity0 @entity2 cell line (U373) with aligned @entity3 ( @entity3 ) nanofibers or blended (25% type I collagen/75% @entity3 ) nanofibers. Neuron-nanofiber interactions were assessed using a differentiated @entity0 @entity1 cell line (SH-SY5Y). RESULTS _ DISCUSSION: U373 cells and @entity4 -AC showed similar process alignment and length when associated with @entity3 or Type I collagen/ @entity3 nanofibers. Cell adhesion and migration by @entity4 -AC were clearly improved by functionalization of nanofiber surfaces with type I collagen. Functionalized nanofibers had no such effect on U373 cells. Another clear difference between the U373 cells and @entity4 -AC interactions with the nanofiber substrate was proliferation; the cell line demonstrating strong proliferation, whereas the @entity4 -AC line showed no proliferation on either type of nanofiber. Long axonal growth (up to 600 microm in length) of SH-SY5Y neurons followed the orientation of both types of nanofibers even though adhesion of the processes to the fibers was poor. CONCLUSION: The use of cell lines is of only limited predictive value when studying cell-substrate interactions but both morphology and alignment of @entity0 astrocytes were affected profoundly by nanofibers. Nanofiber surface functionalization with collagen significantly improved @entity4 -AC adhesion and migration. Alternative forms of functionalization may be required for optimal axon-nanofiber interactions.

title: XXXX neural cell interactions with orientated electrospun nanofibers in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In order to characterize further the @entity0 amniotic membrane interferon (IFN-AM), an interferon antigenically unrelated to @entity0 @entity7 , we analysed its biological activities. Here, we present direct evidence of its ability to affect cell growth and to induce the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) 6-16 and 2'-5' @entity3 ( @entity3 ), in addition to its crossed anti-viral activity. The cellular growth arrest effect of IFN-AM was dose-dependent and paralleled that of @entity4 . IFN-AM was also able to inhibit @entity2 incorporation into DNA, similar to @entity4 . The mRNA induction of 6-16 gene with IFN-AM treatment reached its highest level at 500 IU/ml and remained constant up to 2000 IU/ml. Conversely, 2'-5' @entity3 mRNA induction was dose-dependent, with the maximum level detected at 2000 IU/ml of IFN-AM treatment. The time course of mRNA accumulation by ISGs with IFN-AM (500 IU/ml) stimulation was also investigated. Gene induction reached a maximum at 16 h after IFN treatment for 2'-5' @entity3 and at 48 h for the 6-16 gene. IFN-AM and @entity0 @entity5 induced similar levels of the @entity3 enzyme. IFN-AM also showed small but significant activity in @entity1 cells. In conclusion, the amniotic membrane IFN here studied showed both anti-cellular activity and the ability to stimulate ISG-transcriptional activation in a similar manner to @entity4 . In addition, IFN-AM was also as able to induce the expression of the enzyme 2'-5' @entity3 , as did @entity5 . Lastly, amniotic IFN showed a significant cross-species anti-viral activity, which was different from both @entity0 @entity6 . Taken together, these data strongly suggest that IFN-AM is a novel sub-type I IFN.

title: Biological activities of a XXXX amniotic membrane interferon.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity1 ( @entity2 , @entity5 , and partial syndromes) in students in a Madrid school district during the 1993-1994 academic period. The results were compared with those of an earlier study performed in 1985-1986 and with findings in other countries. METHODS: In the first phase, 1314 adolescents (731 @entity0 and 583 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 15.05 +/- 0.98 years were surveyed according to the @entity1 Inventory (EDI) and a psychosocial data survey. Of these, 1281 (97.48%) [724 @entity0 (99.04%) and 557 @entity0 (95.54%)] were considered appropriate for the study. The risk population included individuals with a total EDI score over 50, plus a drive for thinness (DT) score over 10; 180 @entity0 (24.86%) and 19 @entity0 (3.41%) were identified on this basis. To reduce possible false negatives, those whose score on the @entity5 scale was over 5, with @entity4 of more than 3 months duration and a body mass index (weight in kilograms per height in square meters) under 18 were also considered to be at risk. The total risk population thus defined consisted of 293 adolescents (22.87%): 67 @entity0 (12.02%) and 226 @entity0 (31.21%). In the second phase, all risk subjects were reevaluated with a semistructured interview for ED, and they were also weighed and measured. In all, 156 adolescents (53.24%)[103 @entity0 (45.57%) and 53 @entity0 (79.10%)] participated in @entity0 . The remaining 137 subjects completed the interview by telephone. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R diagnostic criteria were applied. RESULTS: Five @entity0 (0.69% of the total study population) fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for @entity2 , and nine (1.24%), for @entity3 . Two @entity0 (0.36%) had @entity5 . Twenty @entity0 (2.76%) and three @entity0 (0.54%) represented partial syndromes. The results of adding the full and partial syndromes showed that 4.7% of the @entity0 and 0.9% of the @entity0 had @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates an increase in the prevalence of @entity1 in Madrid, reaching similar levels to those reported in the literature for other developed countries.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in a Spanish school-age population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based differential display was used to screen for alterations in gene expression in the mesolimbic system of the @entity0 alcoholic brain. Total RNA was extracted from the nucleus accumbens of five alcoholic and five control brains. A selected subpopulation of mRNA was reverse-transcribed to cDNA and amplified by PCR. A differentially expressed cDNA fragment was recovered, cloned, and sequenced. Full sequence analysis of this 467 bp fragment revealed 98.2% homology with the @entity0 mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Dot-blot analysis showed increased expression of this gene in nucleus accumbens and hippocampus, but not in the superior frontal cortex, primary motor cortex, caudate, and pallidus/putamen in a total of eight @entity0 alcoholic brains, compared with seven control brains. A similar increased expression was observed by dot-blot analysis, using RNA from the cerebral cortex of @entity1 chronically treated with @entity2 vapor. Hybridization of a 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probe indicated that the expression of both rRNAs genes was significantly increased in nucleus accumbens. These results indicate that chronic @entity2 consumption induces alteration in expression of mitochondrial genes in selected brain regions. The altered gene expression may reflect mitochondrial dysfunction in the @entity2 -affected brain.

title: Increased expression of mitochondrial genes in XXXX alcoholic brain revealed by differential display.

answer: @entity0