abstract: The evolution of @entity9 during permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was studied in @entity0 using multiparametric imaging techniques. Regional protein synthesis and the regional tissue content of @entity4 were measured on adjacent cryostat sections at increasing intervals after @entity3 ranging from 1 hour to 3 days. The observed changes were correlated with the expression of the mRNA of @entity2 , @entity11 , @entity10 , and @entity12 , as well as the distribution of DNA double-strand breaks visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity7 - @entity6 nick end labelling (TUNEL). One hour after @entity8 , the tissue volume with suppressed protein synthesis was distinctly larger than that in which @entity4 was depleted. With ongoing @entity1 time, the @entity4 -depleted area gradually expanded and, within 1 day, merged with the region of suppressed protein synthesis. Expression of @entity2 mRNA occurred mainly in the penumbra (defined as the region of suppressed protein synthesis but preserved @entity4 ), peaking at 3 hours after @entity3 . Expression of the immediate-early genes @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity12 increased both in the penumbra and the periinfarct normal tissue already at 1 hour after @entity3 , with slightly different regional and temporal patterns for each of these genes. DNA fragmentations were clearly confined to neurons; they appeared after 1 day in the @entity5 core (defined as the region of suppressed @entity4 ) and never were detected in the penumbra. The late appearance of TUNEL after @entity5 had reached their final size and the absence in the penumbra points against a major pathogenetic role of apoptosis. @entity8 in @entity0 thus produces a gradually expanding @entity5 , the final size of which is heralded by the early inhibition of protein synthesis.

title: Dynamics of regional brain metabolism and gene expression after @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are extensively used by the public. Noncompliance is an important cause of therapy failure. AIM: This study was done to determine prevalence of emergency admission due to noncompliance with modern medicine following switching over to CAM and to identify any significant association for CAM use among noncompliers. SETTING AND DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency unit of a tertiary healthcare institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic factors and system affected were compared between compliers and noncompliers. Prevalence, reasons and nature of noncompliance were determined. Age, gender, outcome, relation strength and potential preventability of noncompliance, precipitating and previous disease and noncompliant drugs were compared for significant association between CAM using and other noncompliers. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student's 't' test, Chi square test and odds ratio were used. RESULTS: Of the 506 @entity0 interviewed 168 (33%) were noncompliant. In 160 (95%) @entity0 noncompliance was due to under-dosing. Lack of knowledge and CAM use constituted 144 (86%) noncompliance-related admissions. Thirty-three (7%) admissions were strongly related to noncompliance and CAM use. Age, gender, outcome, drug use and diseases except @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity7 showed no association while relation strength and potential preventability of emergency admission was less with CAM-using noncompliers. Noncompliance was observed for @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity6 besides hepatic and @entity3 . The CAM noncompliers used CAM more for modern medicine incurable or unaffordable than curable diseases. CONCLUSION: Advice for regular treatment and frequent monitoring can decrease CAM use-related noncompliance admissions.

title: Study of association between use of complementary and alternative medicine and non-compliance with modern medicine in XXXX presenting to the emergency department.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Endocrine cells isolated from the anterior pituitary fire intracellular @entity1 ([ @entity1 ]i) transients due to voltage-gated @entity1 entry. However, the patterns of [ @entity1 ]i transients within the glandular parenchyma of the anterior pituitary are unknown. Here we describe, using real-time confocal laser microscopy, several spontaneous patterns of @entity2 signaling in acute pituitary slices prepared from male as well as cycling and lactating female @entity0 . Forty percent of the cells demonstrated a spontaneous bursting mode, consisting of an active period of [ @entity1 ]i transients firing at a constant frequency, followed by a rest period during which cells were either silent or randomly active. The remaining recordings from endocrine cells either demonstrated random [ @entity1 ]i transients or were silent. These rhythmic bursts of [ @entity1 ]i transients, which required extracellular @entity2 , were detected in lactotrophs, somatotrophs, and corticotrophs within the acute slices. Of significance was the finding that the bursting mode could be adjusted by hypothalamic factors. In slices prepared from lactating @entity0 , @entity3 recruited more bursting cells and finely adjusted the average duty cycle of [ @entity1 ]i bursts such that cells fired patterned bursts for approximately 70% of the recording period. Eighty-six percent of these cells were lactotrophs. Thus, the rhythmic [ @entity1 ]i bursts and their tuning by secretagogues may provide timing information that could encode for one or more cellular functions (e.g. exocytosis and/or gene expression) critical for the release of hormones by endocrine cells in the intact gland.

title: Rhythmic bursts of XXXX transients in acute anterior pituitary slices.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bone marrow (BM) is an immunologically privileged site where activated autoantibody-producing B cells may survive for prolonged periods. We investigated the effect of rituximab (anti- @entity3 mAb) in peripheral blood (PB) and BM B-cell and T-cell populations in active @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Active @entity1 @entity0 received rituximab (1,000 mg) on days 1 and 15. PB (n = 11) and BM (n = 8) aspirates were collected at baseline and at 3 months. We assessed B-cell and T-cell populations using triple-color flow cytometry. RESULTS: Rituximab therapy decreased PB (from a mean 2% to 0.9%, P = 0.022) but not BM (from 4.6% to 3.8%, P = 0.273) @entity2 + B cells, associated with a significant reduction in the activated @entity2 +HLA-DR+ subset both in PB (from 55% to 19%, P = 0.007) and in BM (from 68% to 19%, P = 0.007). Response to rituximab was preceded by a significant decrease in PB and BM @entity2 + @entity4 + memory B cells (P = 0.022). These effects were specific to rituximab since anti-TNF therapy did not reduce total or activated B cells. Rituximab therapy did not alter the number of activated CD4+HLA-DR+ and CD4+ @entity5 + T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab therapy preferentially depletes activated @entity2 +HLA-DR+ B cells in the PB and BM of active @entity1 @entity0 . Clinical response to rituximab is associated with depletion of @entity2 + @entity4 + memory B cells in PB and BM of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Rituximab therapy reduces activated B cells in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow of @entity0 with XXXX : depletion of memory B cells correlates with clinical response.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bone marrow (BM) is an immunologically privileged site where activated autoantibody-producing B cells may survive for prolonged periods. We investigated the effect of rituximab (anti- @entity3 mAb) in peripheral blood (PB) and BM B-cell and T-cell populations in active @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Active @entity1 @entity0 received rituximab (1,000 mg) on days 1 and 15. PB (n = 11) and BM (n = 8) aspirates were collected at baseline and at 3 months. We assessed B-cell and T-cell populations using triple-color flow cytometry. RESULTS: Rituximab therapy decreased PB (from a mean 2% to 0.9%, P = 0.022) but not BM (from 4.6% to 3.8%, P = 0.273) @entity2 + B cells, associated with a significant reduction in the activated @entity2 +HLA-DR+ subset both in PB (from 55% to 19%, P = 0.007) and in BM (from 68% to 19%, P = 0.007). Response to rituximab was preceded by a significant decrease in PB and BM @entity2 + @entity4 + memory B cells (P = 0.022). These effects were specific to rituximab since anti-TNF therapy did not reduce total or activated B cells. Rituximab therapy did not alter the number of activated CD4+HLA-DR+ and CD4+ @entity5 + T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab therapy preferentially depletes activated @entity2 +HLA-DR+ B cells in the PB and BM of active @entity1 @entity0 . Clinical response to rituximab is associated with depletion of @entity2 + @entity4 + memory B cells in PB and BM of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Rituximab therapy reduces activated B cells in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow of XXXX with @entity1 : depletion of memory B cells correlates with clinical response.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 prevention behaviors (OPBs) can prevent and delay @entity1 ; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan can identify @entity2 and provide personal @entity2 risk information that may promote prevention behaviors. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to estimate relationships between receiving personal knowledge of bone mineral density (gained through DXA scan), general knowledge of @entity2 , health beliefs, and the two OPBs of @entity3 intake and weight-bearing exercise in healthy postmenopausal @entity0 50 to 65 years. METHODS: In this longitudinal, randomized clinical trial (including covariates), receipt of personal DXA information was manipulated by random assignment to the experimental or control group. The remaining antecedent and outcome variable measures were collected by questionnaire at three time points (initial [T1; pre-DXA], 6 months [T2], 12 months [T3]) and by bone density assessment from 203 @entity0 over an 18-month period in 2001-2003. RESULTS: The experimental manipulation (DXA results) had a direct positive effect (beta = .23, p < .05) on @entity3 intake at T2, and indirectly at T3 through T2. @entity0 in the experimental group who were informed they had @entity4 or @entity2 had a greater T1-T2 change in daily @entity3 intake than those with normal bone density (beta = .23, p < .05). However, providing DXA results did not relate to change in exercise. Health beliefs and general @entity2 knowledge predicted initial @entity3 and exercise levels; there was tentative evidence that susceptibility beliefs partially mediate between DXA results and change in @entity3 intake. DISCUSSION: Personal knowledge of DXA results was related significantly to increases in @entity3 intake in postmenopausal @entity0 , but not to exercise. Directions for further study are discussed.

title: Structural model for XXXX preventing behavior in postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 prevention behaviors (OPBs) can prevent and delay @entity1 ; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan can identify @entity2 and provide personal @entity2 risk information that may promote prevention behaviors. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to estimate relationships between receiving personal knowledge of bone mineral density (gained through DXA scan), general knowledge of @entity2 , health beliefs, and the two OPBs of @entity3 intake and weight-bearing exercise in healthy postmenopausal @entity0 50 to 65 years. METHODS: In this longitudinal, randomized clinical trial (including covariates), receipt of personal DXA information was manipulated by random assignment to the experimental or control group. The remaining antecedent and outcome variable measures were collected by questionnaire at three time points (initial [T1; pre-DXA], 6 months [T2], 12 months [T3]) and by bone density assessment from 203 @entity0 over an 18-month period in 2001-2003. RESULTS: The experimental manipulation (DXA results) had a direct positive effect (beta = .23, p < .05) on @entity3 intake at T2, and indirectly at T3 through T2. @entity0 in the experimental group who were informed they had @entity4 or @entity2 had a greater T1-T2 change in daily @entity3 intake than those with normal bone density (beta = .23, p < .05). However, providing DXA results did not relate to change in exercise. Health beliefs and general @entity2 knowledge predicted initial @entity3 and exercise levels; there was tentative evidence that susceptibility beliefs partially mediate between DXA results and change in @entity3 intake. DISCUSSION: Personal knowledge of DXA results was related significantly to increases in @entity3 intake in postmenopausal @entity0 , but not to exercise. Directions for further study are discussed.

title: Structural model for @entity2 preventing behavior in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Twenty healthy subjects and 39 @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity4 - @entity0 ) maintained on chronic hemodialysis were used in this investigation to study the changes in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) activity of red blood cells (RBCs). The @entity4 - @entity0 were all undergoing hemodialysis treatment. @entity5 activity from the @entity4 - @entity0 was determined before and after dialysis. An additional objective was to study the effect of @entity1 on @entity0 red blood cell aging. Blood samples were drawn from controls and @entity4 - @entity0 in tubes containing @entity2 or @entity3 heparin as an anticoagulant. Red blood cells were purified to avoid interference with monocytes, reticulocytes and leukocytes. The purified RBCs were subfractionated into young (y) (1.08-1.09), mid (m) (1.09-1.11) and old (o) (1.11-1.12) percoll density (g/mL) fractions using a discontinous percoll gradient. The mean +/- SD @entity5 per gram hemoglobin (U/g Hgb) activities in whole blood (WB), purified @entity0 red blood cells (PRBCs), young @entity0 red blood cells (y-RBCs), mid age @entity0 red blood cells (m-RBCs) and old @entity0 red blood cells (o-RBCs) in @entity4 - @entity0 were 31.2+/-3.43, 29.3+/-3.26, 30.4+/-3.91, 25.1+/-5.25, 17.1+/-6.02 in females and 29.8+/-5.39, 28.8+/-5.29, 28.7+/-5.29, 23.7+/-5.39 and 16.0+/-5.60 in males. @entity5 activity from @entity4 - @entity0 were higher than that found in the control subjects. The aging of @entity0 RBCs in both the controls and @entity4 - @entity0 showed a progressive reduction in @entity5 activity. @entity5 activity of RBCs from female @entity4 - @entity0 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the female control subjects. The RBCs isolated from male @entity4 - @entity0 showed a higher @entity5 activity than control males, but a significant difference was only observed with the mid-age-cells. These studies further indicate that @entity5 activity remained insignificantly different in the various density based age subfractions of RBCs of both @entity4 - @entity0 and controls.

title: XXXX activity in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Twenty healthy subjects and 39 @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity4 - @entity0 ) maintained on chronic hemodialysis were used in this investigation to study the changes in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) activity of red blood cells (RBCs). The @entity4 - @entity0 were all undergoing hemodialysis treatment. @entity5 activity from the @entity4 - @entity0 was determined before and after dialysis. An additional objective was to study the effect of @entity1 on @entity0 red blood cell aging. Blood samples were drawn from controls and @entity4 - @entity0 in tubes containing @entity2 or @entity3 heparin as an anticoagulant. Red blood cells were purified to avoid interference with monocytes, reticulocytes and leukocytes. The purified RBCs were subfractionated into young (y) (1.08-1.09), mid (m) (1.09-1.11) and old (o) (1.11-1.12) percoll density (g/mL) fractions using a discontinous percoll gradient. The mean +/- SD @entity5 per gram hemoglobin (U/g Hgb) activities in whole blood (WB), purified @entity0 red blood cells (PRBCs), young @entity0 red blood cells (y-RBCs), mid age @entity0 red blood cells (m-RBCs) and old @entity0 red blood cells (o-RBCs) in @entity4 - @entity0 were 31.2+/-3.43, 29.3+/-3.26, 30.4+/-3.91, 25.1+/-5.25, 17.1+/-6.02 in females and 29.8+/-5.39, 28.8+/-5.29, 28.7+/-5.29, 23.7+/-5.39 and 16.0+/-5.60 in males. @entity5 activity from @entity4 - @entity0 were higher than that found in the control subjects. The aging of @entity0 RBCs in both the controls and @entity4 - @entity0 showed a progressive reduction in @entity5 activity. @entity5 activity of RBCs from female @entity4 - @entity0 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the female control subjects. The RBCs isolated from male @entity4 - @entity0 showed a higher @entity5 activity than control males, but a significant difference was only observed with the mid-age-cells. These studies further indicate that @entity5 activity remained insignificantly different in the various density based age subfractions of RBCs of both @entity4 - @entity0 and controls.

title: @entity5 activity in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity3 in pediatric @entity0 undergoing interventional cardiac procedures. DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study. SETTING: A single, tertiary referral center. @entity0 : @entity0 (n = 107) undergoing interventional cardiac procedures between July 1996 and July 1998. INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity0 received a bolus of @entity3 , 1 mg/kg intravenously, followed by an infusion of 50 to 75 microg/kg/min for the duration of the procedure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were noted. All @entity0 were breathing spontaneously. Average infusion dose of @entity3 was 51.40+/-3.54 microg/kg/min (mean +/- standard deviation). Increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure by more than 20% from baseline values were seen in 10 and 9 @entity0 , respectively. Transient @entity1 and @entity4 were seen in two @entity0 each. Excessive movement of extremities was seen in six @entity0 . There were no episodes of unpleasant dreams or @entity2 . There were two deaths (1.9%) related to the interventional procedures. CONCLUSION: The technique described is a simple, safe, and effective method for anesthetizing @entity0 in the cardiac catheterization laboratory for interventional procedures.

title: Total intravenous anesthesia with XXXX for pediatric interventional cardiac procedures.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of posttransplant @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with @entity3 analogues is determined by their effectiveness to reverse @entity5 . Calcimimetics inhibit @entity2 ( @entity2 ) secretion by modulating the @entity1 -sensing receptor in the parathyroid gland. Cinacalcet, a calcimimetic drug, has proven its effectiveness for the treatment of @entity7 among @entity0 in phase V of @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 48 @entity0 with @entity7 who were treated with cinacalcet. The initial dose of 30 mg/d could be increased to 180 mg, administering @entity9 also, depending on the serum @entity1 and @entity2 levels. The objectives were a @entity2 level between 75 and 125 pg/mL or a decrease >40%, and a serum @entity1 level below 10.5 mg/dL. RESULTS: The average @entity2 at baseline was 244 pg/mL, decreasing to 131 pg/mL at 1 year (P < .01). The average @entity1 at baseline was 10.1 mg/dL descending to 9.2 mg/dL at 1 year (P < .01). Among @entity0 with @entity5 , the @entity1 decreased from 11 to 9.6 mg/dL at 1 year (P < .01). Seventy percent of @entity0 without @entity5 reached the desired value of @entity2 , and 100% of those with @entity5 . Among @entity0 with @entity5 , the desired @entity1 level was reached in 91% of cases. Ten @entity0 developed @entity8 . In 3 cases we stopped the treatment with cinacalcet due to digestive intolerance. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with cinacalcet controlled @entity6 and @entity5 among @entity0 with posttransplant @entity7 . It was a safe drug, with a low incidence of side effects.

title: Treatment with cinacalcet of XXXX after renal transplantation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The indication for single or double lung transplantation in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity6 is a topic of current debate. Our aim was to analyze the differences in the incidence of perioperative complications, survival, and quality of life between single and double lung transplantations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1999 to 2008, 223 subjects underwent transplantation in our department, of whom 62 (28%) had a previous diagnosis of @entity6 . A retrospective study was performed to establish possible differences between group 1 (single lung) and group 2 (double lung) transplants analyzing overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between groups using the log-rank test. Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of @entity1 , @entity8 @entity9 acute rejection episodes, and @entity2 . RESULTS: We included 62 @entity0 who underwent transplantation for @entity5 . Cumulative 5-year survival rate, excluding preoperative mortality, was 54% overall, 59% for group 1, and 56% for group 2. No significant differences were observed between the groups (P = .47). The frequency of @entity9 was 34% in group 1 and 42% in group 2 (P = .52). At least 1 acute rejection episode occurred in 52% of group 1 @entity0 and 51% of group 2 @entity0 (P = .98). @entity4 were experienced by 50% of group 1 @entity0 and 54% of group 2 @entity0 (P = .72). @entity3 affected 10% of group 1 @entity0 and 15% of group 2 @entity0 (P = .71). @entity7 were recorded in 27.6% of group 1 @entity0 versus 54% of group 2 @entity0 , a difference that was statistically significant (P = .032). CONCLUSIONS: The study results supported the decision of our group to consider single lung transplantation the treatment of choice in @entity5 , which may be complemented with volume reduction surgery in the native lung or subsequent transplantation of the contralateral lung.

title: Lung transplantation as the first choice in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A total of 111 @entity0 underwent open heart surgery during which myocardial preservation was provided by systemic @entity4 , @entity1 and cardioplegic solution ( @entity3 or electrolyte cardioplegia). The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of the different types of cardioplegia correlated with the occurrence of postoperative @entity2 and conduction disturbances. These @entity0 were retrospectively divided into two groups according to the difference in the infused cardioplegic solutions. The group receiving @entity3 ( @entity3 ) comprised 69 @entity0 and the group receiving electrolyte cardioplegia (ECP) had 42 @entity0 . There were a longer ischemic time and bypass time in the @entity3 group as compared with those of the ECP group (68.4 +/- 36.1 minutes v.s. 50.7 +/- 37.0 minutes, p less than 0.01; 93.7 +/- 48.9 minutes v.s. 65.5 +/- 39.1 minutes, p less than 0.005). However, the result shows a significantly lower incidence of @entity2 and conduction disturbances in the @entity3 group (5.8%) as compared with the ECP group (21.4%; p = 0.013). There was no significant difference in incidence of @entity2 and conduction disturbances between the two groups when the ischemic time was less than 60 minutes (6.7% v.s. 17.2%, p greater than 0.05). On the other hand, there was a significant difference between the two groups when the ischemic time was a significant difference between the two groups when the ischemic time was longer than 60 minutes (5.1% v.s. 30.8%, p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The superiority of blood over electrolyte cardioplegia in prevention of XXXX and conduction disturbances following open heart surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were performed on 45 @entity0 with intractable complex partial @entity2 . MRI was performed with a superconducting whole-body scanner operating at 0.5 tesla (T) and 1.5 T. In @entity0 with @entity3 , 8 of 24 @entity0 had abnormal CT, but 16 of 24 @entity0 showed abnormal MRI. 1.5 T MRI detected more abnormality than 0.5 T MRI when CT was normal. In @entity0 with @entity6 , 5 of 7 @entity0 had normal CT and MRI. In 2 other @entity0 , MRI demonstrated an @entity1 and increased signal intensity area on the T2-weighted images which were not detected by CT. In @entity0 with @entity4 , 5 of 6 @entity0 show abnormal CT and MRI. In @entity0 with @entity5 , MRI revealed some increased signal intensity areas on the T2-weighted images in the occipital and temporal lobe, which were not detected by CT. Most surface EEG foci corresponded with the side of MRI abnormality. These data indicate that MRI is more informative than CT in complex partial @entity2 . MRI is the imaging technique of choice in the diagnosis of complex partial @entity2 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in complex partial XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: MR-4, the new oral formulation of @entity4 that allows once-daily dosing, may improve @entity0 compliance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy parameters among a group of stable renal allografts after conversion to MR-4. METHODS: We enrolled 82 stable kidney recipients, who had received their grafts 43.9 +/- 38.3 months prior. They were of mean age 56 +/- 12 years and included 70.7% @entity0 . Sixty-six @entity0 were converted on a milligram-for-milligram basis from their total daily dose; the remaining @entity0 were converted at the physician's discretion. Three @entity0 were excluded: 1 because of the development of @entity1 , and 2 because of dosing errors. @entity4 trough levels and renal function tests were evaluated at entry and on days 7, 30, and 90. RESULTS: Only 5 (7.6%) converted @entity0 required a later dose adjustment. In the group of 61 @entity0 who did not require this adjustment, the mean @entity4 trough levels decreased during the first week (6.8 +/- 1.7 to 5.8 +/- 2.0; P < .000). Thirty-eight @entity0 completed 3 months of follow-up. Their @entity4 trough levels, serum @entity3 levels, and @entity2 remained stable. The number of capsules per @entity0 needed after the conversion to MR-4 was lower (3.9 +/- 1.6 versus 2.9 +/- 1.0; P < .000). There were no cases of acute rejection episodes. CONCLUSION: Based on a milligram-for-milligram conversion, only 7.6% of our @entity0 required a dose adjustment. With this conversion, an initial decrease in @entity4 trough levels was documented at day 7, which remained stable to the end of the study. The @entity0 needed a lower number of capsules. These results supported the safety of MR-4.

title: Three-month experience with XXXX once-daily regimen in stable renal allografts.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 are a heterogeneous group of @entity1 that usually require a variety of therapeutic methods for cure. North Queensland has an environment, which predisposes to several such @entity1 . The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and epidemiology of @entity4 in North Queensland and to review surgical and non-surgical interventions in these conditions. METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of all @entity0 with a proven mycobacterial soft tissue @entity1 , seen between 1997 and 2005 in a tertiary referral centre in North Queensland. RESULTS: In total, 34 @entity0 were identified. The most common causative organisms were @entity2 fortuitum (44%), @entity2 (17.6%) and @entity3 (11.8%). The risk factors identified were the male sex, lower-limb involvement and preceding trauma including surgery. Twenty-four (70.6%) @entity0 had surgical excision or debridement with a variety of adjuvant antimicrobial therapies. There were eight (23.5%) local recurrences. CONCLUSION: The optimal management of soft tissue mycobacterial @entity1 includes early microbiological identification based on tissue biopsy, appropriate combination antimicrobial therapy and early wide surgical excision where appropriate. North Queensland has a unique environment, which may predispose to these @entity1 . An awareness of this is essential to surgical practice in the region.

title: XXXX in North Queensland.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of surgical technique in the form of electrocautery and suction drains on @entity3 formation following surgery for @entity0 . A prospective randomized study was carried out. One hundred and sixty @entity1 with @entity0 who underwent surgery were allocated to four arms using a 2 x 2 factorial design. This method enabled us to evaluate the independent effect of two different causative factors on the incidence of @entity2 formation using a single dataset with limited numbers. The main outcome measure was @entity2 formation defined as a postoperative axillary collection requiring more than one aspiration after removal of the drain. The incidence of @entity3 in our institution is 90%. Incidence of @entity2 was 88.3% if electrocautery was used, which reduced to 82.2% if surgery was carried out using scissors for dissection and ligatures for haemostasis (P = 0.358). There was no influence on the incidence of @entity3 formation whether suction drain (84.6%) or corrugated drains (86.1%) were used (P = 0.822). The use of electrocautery in axillary dissection does not adversely affect @entity2 formation after surgery for @entity0 . The use of different drainage techniques has no bearing on the @entity2 formation. The surgical technique has no influence on the rate of @entity3 formation after surgery for @entity0 .

title: Influence of surgical technique on axillary XXXX formation: a randomized study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is some controversy concerning the choice of best technique for drainage of exocrine secretions in pancreas transplantation. We compared @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) versus those with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: From March 1995 to September 2008, 118 @entity0 (68 @entity0 and 50 @entity0 ) of overall mean age of 37.8 +/- 7.8 years underwent pancreas transplantation. There were 109 simultaneous @entity1 . Recipients were divided in a @entity4 (n = 66 @entity0 ) and an @entity5 group (n = 52). RESULTS: Donor characteristics were similar in both groups. Thirty-two @entity0 (48.5%) of the @entity4 group versus none in the @entity5 group experienced @entity2 ( @entity2 ; P < .001), and 16 @entity0 (24.2%) @entity4 versus 15 (29.4%) @entity5 developed @entity3 (P = NS). The overall rate of relaparotomies was 33.9% (n = 40): 34.8% (n = 23) in the @entity4 versus 32.7% (n = 17) in the @entity5 group (P = NS). Thirty @entity0 (25.4%) lost their pancreas grafts: 21 (31.8%) in the @entity4 group versus 9 (17.3%) in the @entity5 group (P = .055). The acute rejection rates were 12.7%; namely, 15.2% in the @entity4 versus 9.8% in the @entity5 (P = NS). Three-year @entity0 and graft survivals were equivalent in both groups: 96.1% and 65.3% in the @entity4 versus 89.0% and 74.0% in the @entity5 group, respectively (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is a good alternative to @entity4 for drainage of pancreatic graft exocrine secretions because both techniques have the same @entity0 and graft survival, but @entity4 is associated with a significantly higher rate of @entity2 .

title: Compative study of bladder versus XXXX in pancreas transplantation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Current bone graft substitute materials do not address the complex architectural and biomechanical requirements to achieve a successful spinal fusion. The development of porous, structural constructs for use in spinal fusion surgeries is thus an area of intense interest. Numerous techniques have been introduced to fabricate porous resorbable polymer constructs. However, these techniques have been associated with the use of potentially harmful organic solvents, and resulted in materials with less than optimal properties. Supercritical @entity2 (sc @entity1 ) processing appears to be a promising technique for producing reinforced biodegradable foams. The structure, mechanical properties and water uptake capacity of PDLGA constructs processed with sc @entity1 were examined. Porous morphology of the constructs was found to depend strongly on processing temperature and the confinement of the structures after processing. The resulting constructs had a dense "cortical" shell about 15-20 microm thick and an interconnected porous core with pore diameters in the range of 236-239 microm, similar to iliac crest bone grafts currently used in spinal fusion procedures. Mechanical properties and the water uptake capacity of the constructs were found to depend on the @entity3 content (copolymer composition). Supercritical @entity1 processing is a promising technology to develop porous, resorbable polymer constructs with structural and mechanical properties similar to @entity0 bone.

title: Structure and mechanical properties of supercritical XXXX processed porous resorbable polymer constructs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Clinical and statistical observations were made on a group of 438 @entity0 who had worked with @entity8 ( @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity6 ) with reference to their carcinogenic properties in the urinary tract. @entity4 developed in 68 (15.5%), with an average latent period of 22 years and 11 months. In these 68 cases, @entity4 were found in 16 cases, 8 of which had bilateral lesions. The average age of onset was 48.1 ranging from 24 to 79. The incidence of @entity1 increased with the length of exposure to the @entity5 . There was no finding that smoking habit increased the incidence of @entity1 in this group. Of the 49 new @entity0 with @entity2 , urine cytology was positive in 24 (49.0%) and suspicious of @entity1 in 10 (20.4%), respectively. This indicated that it could be a useful screening test. Transurethral surgery was most frequently performed as an initial treatment. Recurrence occurred in 50 cases (73.5%), but 5-, 10- and 20-year-survival rates were 89.0 79.3 and 64.7%, respectively, showing a good prognosis. @entity1 in other organs developed in 18 (4.1%) of the 438 workers. The incidence of such @entity1 was significantly higher in the workers who had been exposed to @entity9 than in others. Our data indicate that close observation is still necessary for early detection of @entity0 with new or recurrent @entity3 in this group.

title: [ @entity3 related to exposure to XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: Clinical and statistical observations were made on a group of 438 @entity0 who had worked with @entity8 ( @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity6 ) with reference to their carcinogenic properties in the urinary tract. @entity4 developed in 68 (15.5%), with an average latent period of 22 years and 11 months. In these 68 cases, @entity4 were found in 16 cases, 8 of which had bilateral lesions. The average age of onset was 48.1 ranging from 24 to 79. The incidence of @entity1 increased with the length of exposure to the @entity5 . There was no finding that smoking habit increased the incidence of @entity1 in this group. Of the 49 new @entity0 with @entity2 , urine cytology was positive in 24 (49.0%) and suspicious of @entity1 in 10 (20.4%), respectively. This indicated that it could be a useful screening test. Transurethral surgery was most frequently performed as an initial treatment. Recurrence occurred in 50 cases (73.5%), but 5-, 10- and 20-year-survival rates were 89.0 79.3 and 64.7%, respectively, showing a good prognosis. @entity1 in other organs developed in 18 (4.1%) of the 438 workers. The incidence of such @entity1 was significantly higher in the workers who had been exposed to @entity9 than in others. Our data indicate that close observation is still necessary for early detection of @entity0 with new or recurrent @entity3 in this group.

title: [ XXXX related to exposure to @entity8 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In order to evaluate the feasibility of a selective screening programme for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) within an urban setting and assess its impact on the expected increase in workload for the local hospital(s), a population based, prospective study was performed. A total of 4823 @entity0 aged 65 years were invited for ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta between January 1993 and April 1997 as part of a general practice-based @entity2 screening programme covering two districts with a general hospital each. All examinations were carried out by senior radiographers using a portable B mode grey scale machine and a 3.5 MHz curvi-linear array probe. @entity0 with a maximum aortic diameter of over 3 cm were annually recalled, those with over 4 cm were referred to hospital for an out- @entity0 's appointment. Those with @entity3 greater than 5 cm were considered for surgery. Of those approached, 3497 (72.5%) took part in the study, 1206 (25%) did not attend and 120 (2.5%) were excluded by their general practitioners (GPs) on medical grounds. Of the @entity0 taking part, 3130 (89.5%) had an aortic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 cm, 196 (5.6%) between 2.6 and 3.0 cm, and 171 (4.9%) had aortic diameters greater than 3 cm--29 of whom had @entity3 greater than 5 cm with a mean diameter of 6.0 cm (range 5.1-9.0 cm). Of 127 @entity0 with an initial diameter of 3.1-4.0 cm (mean progression in size of 2.3 mm/year), 22 enlarged to > 4 cm and 3 to > 5 cm. Of 24 @entity0 with an initial diameter of 4.1-5.0 cm, 6 enlarged to > 5 cm. Some 69 (2%) @entity0 were referred to hospital requiring a total of 125 consultations (1.8 consultations per @entity0 ); 21 underwent surgery and one died from @entity1 whilst awaiting surgery. Five @entity0 refused their operation and two failed to attend the clinic (all > 5 cm) but remain well to date. No @entity0 died following surgery. We conclude that, screening for @entity3 in @entity0 at age 65 years within an urban setting is feasible and well received by @entity0 and GPs. Screening does not lead to a huge increase in terms of outpatient appointments and operations for @entity3 .

title: Screening of XXXX : a pragmatic approach.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity4 ( @entity4 ) classified into three groups based on @entity7 ) 16 DNA presence and @entity6 expression display different protein expression patterns. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A laboratory-based study of @entity0 with @entity4 treated at a tertiary care academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity5 -embedded @entity4 specimens from 77 @entity0 classified into the three-class model (HPV negative, HPV inactive [ @entity8 +/ @entity6 -], and HPV active [ @entity8 +/ @entity6 +]) were queried for the expression of 14 @entity1 progression proteins using AQUA (HistoRx, New Haven CT). Protein expression between groups was assessed by analysis of variance. Global expression patterns were determined by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. RESULTS: There were significant differences in expression of @entity9 (P = 0.009), @entity3 (P = 0.009), and @entity2 (P = 0.028) between groups. @entity1 had overexpression of @entity9 . Hierarchical clustering showed HPV-negative and HPV-inactive @entity1 displayed association patterns distinct from @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Tumors classified by HPV DNA presence and @entity6 expression have different molecular phenotypes. This is the first demonstration of overexpression of @entity9 (also found in HPV-caused cervical @entity1 ) in HPV-active @entity4 . HPV-active @entity4 may share a similar ontogeny to HPV-caused cervical @entity1 .

title: Defining molecular phenotypes of @entity7 -associated XXXX : validation of three-class hypothesis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity4 ( @entity4 ) classified into three groups based on @entity7 ) 16 DNA presence and @entity6 expression display different protein expression patterns. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A laboratory-based study of @entity0 with @entity4 treated at a tertiary care academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity5 -embedded @entity4 specimens from 77 @entity0 classified into the three-class model (HPV negative, HPV inactive [ @entity8 +/ @entity6 -], and HPV active [ @entity8 +/ @entity6 +]) were queried for the expression of 14 @entity1 progression proteins using AQUA (HistoRx, New Haven CT). Protein expression between groups was assessed by analysis of variance. Global expression patterns were determined by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. RESULTS: There were significant differences in expression of @entity9 (P = 0.009), @entity3 (P = 0.009), and @entity2 (P = 0.028) between groups. @entity1 had overexpression of @entity9 . Hierarchical clustering showed HPV-negative and HPV-inactive @entity1 displayed association patterns distinct from @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Tumors classified by HPV DNA presence and @entity6 expression have different molecular phenotypes. This is the first demonstration of overexpression of @entity9 (also found in HPV-caused cervical @entity1 ) in HPV-active @entity4 . HPV-active @entity4 may share a similar ontogeny to HPV-caused cervical @entity1 .

title: Defining molecular phenotypes of XXXX -associated @entity4 : validation of three-class hypothesis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Data on @entity3 in @entity1 are very rare as compared with those reported in @entity2 . We performed a cytogenetic study in 71 untreated @entity0 with @entity4 , classified according to the criteria of the REAL classification. Fifty-seven @entity0 (80.3%) had abnormal clones, whereas 9 karyotypes (12.7%) showed only normal metaphases; 5 karyotypes (7%) could not be analyzed. Recurrent numerical @entity3 comprised +3 (21%), +5 (15.7%), +7 (15.5%), +21 (14%), -13 (14%), +8 (12.2%), +19 (12.2%), -10 (10.5%), and -Y (9% of male @entity0 ). Chromosomes involved in structural rearrangements were chromosome 6 (31.5%), mainly due to 6q deletions (19.2%), 1q (22.8%), 7q (22.8%), 9p (19.4%), 9q (19.2%), 4q (19.2%), 3q (19.2%), 2p (17.5%), 1p (17.5%), and 14q (17%). Trisomies 3 and 5 mainly correlated with @entity1 . Isochromosome 7q, associated with trisomy 8, was present in two cases of @entity5 /delta @entity1 . Rearrangements involving the location of T-cell receptor genes were rarely observed (chromosome band 7q35 was rearranged only in three cases, 14q11 in two cases, and 7p15 in none). No correlation could be found between the cytogenetic findings and histologic subgroup or clinical outcome in these @entity0 . Further studies are needed to understand the significance of these abnormalities in @entity4 , and to reach a better evaluation of histologic correlations, as many differences persist between the two major classification systems, KIEL and REAL.

title: @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Data on @entity3 in @entity1 are very rare as compared with those reported in @entity2 . We performed a cytogenetic study in 71 untreated @entity0 with @entity4 , classified according to the criteria of the REAL classification. Fifty-seven @entity0 (80.3%) had abnormal clones, whereas 9 karyotypes (12.7%) showed only normal metaphases; 5 karyotypes (7%) could not be analyzed. Recurrent numerical @entity3 comprised +3 (21%), +5 (15.7%), +7 (15.5%), +21 (14%), -13 (14%), +8 (12.2%), +19 (12.2%), -10 (10.5%), and -Y (9% of male @entity0 ). Chromosomes involved in structural rearrangements were chromosome 6 (31.5%), mainly due to 6q deletions (19.2%), 1q (22.8%), 7q (22.8%), 9p (19.4%), 9q (19.2%), 4q (19.2%), 3q (19.2%), 2p (17.5%), 1p (17.5%), and 14q (17%). Trisomies 3 and 5 mainly correlated with @entity1 . Isochromosome 7q, associated with trisomy 8, was present in two cases of @entity5 /delta @entity1 . Rearrangements involving the location of T-cell receptor genes were rarely observed (chromosome band 7q35 was rearranged only in three cases, 14q11 in two cases, and 7p15 in none). No correlation could be found between the cytogenetic findings and histologic subgroup or clinical outcome in these @entity0 . Further studies are needed to understand the significance of these abnormalities in @entity4 , and to reach a better evaluation of histologic correlations, as many differences persist between the two major classification systems, KIEL and REAL.

title: XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In addition to use of a laser, @entity7 plasma coagulation, electrocautery, or coring with a rigid bronchoscope, @entity1 debulking with a flexible cryoprobe is used for therapeutic bronchoscopy with an immediate effect for endobronchial pathologies. We performed this analysis to determine the usefulness, efficacy, and safety of the flexible cryorecanalization in a large population under routine conditions. METHODS: We identified 225 bronchoscopic interventions that were done as cryorecanalization with a flexible cryoprobe. All @entity0 had symptomatic airway @entity3 . We determined the endoscopic success rate and safety ( @entity2 and perforation) of the procedure. RESULTS: Successful cryorecanalization was achieved in 205 (91.1%) of 225 @entity0 . The flexible cryoprobe was used with all @entity0 , in most @entity0 in combination with flexible bronchoscopy and only in a minority (n = 31, 13.8%) in combination with a rigid bronchoscope. Additional interventional techniques used were endobronchial stents (n = 11, 4.9%) and @entity7 plasma coagulation (n = 37, 16.4%). Mild @entity2 (if ice-cold @entity4 or @entity6 solution was necessary) occurred in 9 (4.0%) @entity0 , moderate @entity2 (if @entity7 plasma coagulation or a bronchus blocker was required) occurred in 18 (8.0%) @entity0 , and severe @entity2 (events with @entity5 ) never occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Cryorecanalization with the flexible cryoprobe for treatment of symptomatic @entity1 is a safe technique with a high success rate and immediate treatment effect.

title: @entity1 debulking with a flexible cryoprobe for immediate treatment of malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In addition to use of a laser, @entity7 plasma coagulation, electrocautery, or coring with a rigid bronchoscope, @entity1 debulking with a flexible cryoprobe is used for therapeutic bronchoscopy with an immediate effect for endobronchial pathologies. We performed this analysis to determine the usefulness, efficacy, and safety of the flexible cryorecanalization in a large population under routine conditions. METHODS: We identified 225 bronchoscopic interventions that were done as cryorecanalization with a flexible cryoprobe. All @entity0 had symptomatic airway @entity3 . We determined the endoscopic success rate and safety ( @entity2 and perforation) of the procedure. RESULTS: Successful cryorecanalization was achieved in 205 (91.1%) of 225 @entity0 . The flexible cryoprobe was used with all @entity0 , in most @entity0 in combination with flexible bronchoscopy and only in a minority (n = 31, 13.8%) in combination with a rigid bronchoscope. Additional interventional techniques used were endobronchial stents (n = 11, 4.9%) and @entity7 plasma coagulation (n = 37, 16.4%). Mild @entity2 (if ice-cold @entity4 or @entity6 solution was necessary) occurred in 9 (4.0%) @entity0 , moderate @entity2 (if @entity7 plasma coagulation or a bronchus blocker was required) occurred in 18 (8.0%) @entity0 , and severe @entity2 (events with @entity5 ) never occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Cryorecanalization with the flexible cryoprobe for treatment of symptomatic @entity1 is a safe technique with a high success rate and immediate treatment effect.

title: XXXX debulking with a flexible cryoprobe for immediate treatment of malignant @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Abciximab is a potent parenterally administered platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist. Because this agent has been shown to improve outcomes in @entity3 , there is interest to evaluate whether it could improve cerebral perfusion and outcomes after @entity2 . This study was designed to evaluate the safety of abciximab in acute @entity2 and to obtain pilot efficacy data. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial. Seventy-four eligible and consenting @entity0 presenting within 24 hours after @entity2 onset at 38 study sites were randomly allocated to receive either an escalating dose of abciximab (54 @entity0 ) or placebo (20 @entity0 ) in a ratio of 3:1. We studied 4 escalating doses of abciximab. @entity0 underwent a scheduled follow-up head CT scan 24 to 36 hours after the completion of study agent administration to monitor for @entity4 complications and were evaluated through 3 months. RESULTS: There were no cases of major @entity6 . Asymptomatic parenchymal hemorrhages were detected on post-study agent CT in 4 of 54 abciximab @entity0 (7%) and in 1 of 20 placebo @entity0 (5%). Six additional abciximab @entity0 had asymptomatic @entity4 detected by unscheduled brain imaging during their follow-up period. Nine of 11 @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity4 had a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >14. At 3 months, there was a trend toward a higher rate of minimal @entity5 (Barthel Index > or =95 or modified Rankin scale < or =1) among abciximab @entity0 compared with those who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Abciximab appears to be safe when administered up to 24 hours after @entity1 onset, and it might improve functional outcome.

title: Abciximab in acute XXXX . A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe differences in the treatment of @entity2 and in the association of treatment with prognosis in Dutch and American nursing home @entity0 with late-stage @entity3 . Design. Prospective studies in The Netherlands and the American state of Missouri. METHOD: In 61 Dutch nursing homes and 36 in Missouri, severely demented @entity0 with @entity2 were included in the periods October 1996-July 1998 and August 1995-September 1998 respectively. Data was collected on their state of health, comorbidity, symptoms of @entity2 and treatment aspects such as antibiotic use, hospital admission and relief of symptoms. Comparisons were made between treatments in both countries and between groups of @entity0 with a similar probability of mortality within 2 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 328 Dutch and 280 American @entity0 were selected. Antibiotics were more frequently withheld in The Netherlands (in 33% of @entity0 ) than in Missouri (24%). Differences in antibiotic use were more pronounced in @entity0 with a poor prognosis (56% versus 15%). Dutch @entity0 were more frequently dehydrated but were less likely to receive rehydration therapy than American @entity0 , with a larger difference in @entity0 with a poor prognosis (2% versus 63%). Treatments to relieve symptoms that were provided more often in @entity0 with a poor prognosis (in 20-26%) were: @entity1 (both countries), and in The Netherlands also opiates, and hypnotics, sedatives or anxiolytics. CONCLUSION: In The Netherlands, curative treatment was frequently withheld in @entity0 with severe @entity3 and @entity2 , and even more frequently when the prognosis was poorer. Conversely, treatment in Missouri was more active in @entity0 with a poor prognosis. Despite more frequent palliative treatment goals in The Netherlands, treatments to relieve symptoms were provided infrequently and inconsistent with this approach. These insights may be helpful for decision-making in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 with severe @entity3 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX in nursing home residents with severe @entity3 : for residents with poor prognosis, a more reserved approach in The Netherlands and more active treatment in the United States].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe differences in the treatment of @entity2 and in the association of treatment with prognosis in Dutch and American nursing home @entity0 with late-stage @entity3 . Design. Prospective studies in The Netherlands and the American state of Missouri. METHOD: In 61 Dutch nursing homes and 36 in Missouri, severely demented @entity0 with @entity2 were included in the periods October 1996-July 1998 and August 1995-September 1998 respectively. Data was collected on their state of health, comorbidity, symptoms of @entity2 and treatment aspects such as antibiotic use, hospital admission and relief of symptoms. Comparisons were made between treatments in both countries and between groups of @entity0 with a similar probability of mortality within 2 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 328 Dutch and 280 American @entity0 were selected. Antibiotics were more frequently withheld in The Netherlands (in 33% of @entity0 ) than in Missouri (24%). Differences in antibiotic use were more pronounced in @entity0 with a poor prognosis (56% versus 15%). Dutch @entity0 were more frequently dehydrated but were less likely to receive rehydration therapy than American @entity0 , with a larger difference in @entity0 with a poor prognosis (2% versus 63%). Treatments to relieve symptoms that were provided more often in @entity0 with a poor prognosis (in 20-26%) were: @entity1 (both countries), and in The Netherlands also opiates, and hypnotics, sedatives or anxiolytics. CONCLUSION: In The Netherlands, curative treatment was frequently withheld in @entity0 with severe @entity3 and @entity2 , and even more frequently when the prognosis was poorer. Conversely, treatment in Missouri was more active in @entity0 with a poor prognosis. Despite more frequent palliative treatment goals in The Netherlands, treatments to relieve symptoms were provided infrequently and inconsistent with this approach. These insights may be helpful for decision-making in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 with severe @entity3 .

title: [Treatment of @entity2 in nursing home residents with severe XXXX : for residents with poor prognosis, a more reserved approach in The Netherlands and more active treatment in the United States].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in @entity7 -anesthetized @entity2 to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after @entity4 . Six @entity2 were anesthetized with thiamylal @entity5 (20 mg/kg of body weight) and @entity7 (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% @entity0 . After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. @entity1 volume, cardiac index (CI), @entity1 index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. @entity6 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and @entity3 (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. @entity8 was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. @entity3 administered at the low dose before @entity4 increased SAP and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, @entity3 significantly increased CI, dP/dT, and SAP, with no significant change in HR or SVR. The medium dose of @entity6 was the most effective dose of @entity6 at increasing key variables (CI, SI, dP/dT). The response of CI and SI to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of @entity3 . The dP/dT was significantly lower with @entity6 than with @entity3 , and SVR and HR were unchanged with @entity6 , except at the low dose, which decreased SVR.

title: Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in @entity7 -anesthetized @entity2 before and after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in @entity7 -anesthetized @entity2 to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after @entity4 . Six @entity2 were anesthetized with thiamylal @entity5 (20 mg/kg of body weight) and @entity7 (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% @entity0 . After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. @entity1 volume, cardiac index (CI), @entity1 index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. @entity6 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and @entity3 (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. @entity8 was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. @entity3 administered at the low dose before @entity4 increased SAP and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, @entity3 significantly increased CI, dP/dT, and SAP, with no significant change in HR or SVR. The medium dose of @entity6 was the most effective dose of @entity6 at increasing key variables (CI, SI, dP/dT). The response of CI and SI to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of @entity3 . The dP/dT was significantly lower with @entity6 than with @entity3 , and SVR and HR were unchanged with @entity6 , except at the low dose, which decreased SVR.

title: Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in XXXX -anesthetized @entity2 before and after @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in @entity7 -anesthetized @entity2 to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after @entity4 . Six @entity2 were anesthetized with thiamylal @entity5 (20 mg/kg of body weight) and @entity7 (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% @entity0 . After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. @entity1 volume, cardiac index (CI), @entity1 index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. @entity6 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and @entity3 (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. @entity8 was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. @entity3 administered at the low dose before @entity4 increased SAP and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, @entity3 significantly increased CI, dP/dT, and SAP, with no significant change in HR or SVR. The medium dose of @entity6 was the most effective dose of @entity6 at increasing key variables (CI, SI, dP/dT). The response of CI and SI to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of @entity3 . The dP/dT was significantly lower with @entity6 than with @entity3 , and SVR and HR were unchanged with @entity6 , except at the low dose, which decreased SVR.

title: Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in @entity7 -anesthetized XXXX before and after @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A postal questionnaire was sent to all practicing consultant orthopaedic surgeons in the UK seeking information regarding their usual total hip replacement practice, the age at which they would define a @entity0 as falling into the 'young hip group' and whether this might modify their practice. In particular, in the 'younger' age group, we were interested in the frequency of usage of uncemented implants, the choice of implant and the bearing surfaces. Of 1242 surgeons surveyed, we had a response from 935 who currently undertake total hip arthroplasty. Their responses confirm that approximately 60,645 total hip replacements are performed annually in the UK of which 9,376 are performed in the younger age group (mean age 57.5 years). As with our previous survey, the most popular prosthesis in the 'older' age group overall was the Charnley (51%) followed by the Exeter (15%). These implants also proved to be the most popular in the 'younger' age group (40% Charnley, 18% Exeter), with 75% of surgeons choosing a cemented stem, and 65% also opting to cement the socket. 23% of surgeons used @entity2 coated implants on both the femoral and acetabular sides of the joint. Stainless steel remained the most popular choice of femoral head bearing surface (42%) followed by chrome- @entity3 (33%) and ceramic (25%). On the acetabular side, high density @entity1 predominated--accounting for 95%, with only 3% using chrome @entity3 and 2% ceramic. There would appear to be a remarkably conservative attitude among British surgeons, the majority of whom prefer to stick with tried and tested cemented femoral implants when dealing with the younger @entity0 . There are a small number of uncemented acetabulae and the hybrid configuration. @entity2 coatings seem to be the most popular choice for the non-cemented prostheses. Ceramic femoral heads are used more frequently than the ceramic acetabular bearing, and equally metal/metal bearings remain infrequently used.

title: Current attitudes to total hip replacement in the younger XXXX : results of a national survey.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the glomerular and proximal tubular renal function and the prevalence of @entity6 in the elderly. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: General community in the city of S  o Paulo. @entity0 : A population-based sample of 200 elderly subjects was randomly selected. Of these, 81 subjects (45 females and 36 males; mean +/- SD age: 73.7 +/- 6 years) accepted to undergo laboratory examination and were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 24-h @entity5 clearance (CCr), microalbuminuria, urinary @entity4 -binding protein (urRBP), leukocyturia, @entity3 and total @entity2 . RESULTS: CCr was lower than 80 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 68% of the subjects. The median (range) CCr was 65 ml/min/1.73 m2 (21-112) in males and 77 ml/min/1.73 m2 (27-107) in females (p = 0.14). No individual had serum @entity5 greater than 1.5 mg/dl. urRBP determination was normal in 79 of 81 subjects. The prevalence of microalbuminuria (> 20 micrograms/ml) was 31% (n = 25, 19 @entity0 and 6 @entity0 ). These individuals presented higher mean systolic blood pressure (147 +/- 20 vs. 135 +/- 22 mmHg, p = 0.02) and mean serum @entity5 (1.13 +/- 0.20 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.20 mg/dl, p < 0.01) than those without microalbuminuria. The prevalence of leukocyturia (> 10,000/mm3), @entity3 (> 10,000/mm3) and total @entity2 (> or = 0.3 mg/dl) was 19%, 28% and 5% in males and 33%, 27% and 4% in females. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and @entity6 are frequent features in the elderly, however, proximal @entity7 is uncommon in this population.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity1


abstract: While the well-documented life expectancy of @entity0 with homozygous @entity3 (SS) is 40 years in industrialized countries, this question remains @entity2 . The purpose of this prospective study was to establish the clinical phenotype for Senegal. A severity score based on 12 clinical, laboratory, radiological, and prognostic findings was calculated and correlated with age and hemoglobin F level. A total of 40 SS homozygotes over 15 years of age (mean age: 25 years) were hospitalized between January 1996 and January 1998 at the Principal Hospital in Dakar. The most common events requiring hospitalization were vasoocclusive phenomena (n = 26) but the incidence of these complications declined significantly with age (p < 0.05). The mean hemoglobin level was 4.4 mmol/l and the mean hemoglobin F level was 6.2 p. 100. The incidence of visceral involvement was low (lithiasic vesicules in 17 cases, @entity1 of the head of the femur in 7, and abnormal cardiac ultrasound findings in 10). Only one @entity0 died during the study. No correlation was found between severity score and either age or hemoglobin F level. These findings confirm that the phenotype is less severe in Senegal. However they also show that organ damage is common by the time that @entity0 reach adulthood and thus underline the need for prevention and education to improve survival of SS homozygotes in Senegal.

title: [Adults with XXXX in Senegal. Clinical study of 40 homozygote subjects].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect on overall survival of total @entity4 ablation ( @entity5 ) with that of parenteral @entity2 and to pay special attention to cardiovascular mortality. @entity5 (orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue combined with an antiandrogen) has been proposed as superior to other endocrine treatments for @entity0 with @entity3 . Recently, the use of parenteral @entity2 has been suggested to reduce or even negate the well-known cardiovascular side effects of oral @entity2 . METHODS: Nine hundred fifteen @entity0 were randomized to intramuscular injections of 240 mg @entity9 ( @entity6 ) every second week for the first 8 weeks (5 doses) followed by a maintenance dose of 240 mg every month (n = 458) or to bilateral orchiectomy or triptorelin 3.75 mg every month combined with the antiandrogen @entity7 250 mg three times daily. The choice between orchiectomy and triptorelin was at the discretion of the clinician and @entity0 . @entity0 were stratified according to performance status, presence of @entity1 , and alkaline phosphatase level. An observer totally unaware of the treatment given classified all deceased @entity0 . RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, no signs of a difference in overall survival were found between @entity5 and @entity6 (P <0.001). Of 458 @entity0 , 266 (58.1%) had died in the @entity6 group compared with 269 (58.9%) of 457 @entity0 in the @entity5 group. Within the @entity5 group, no difference in overall survival existed between @entity0 who had undergone orchiectomy or who were given @entity8 . Furthermore, no differences in cardiovascular mortality were found (3.5% in the @entity6 group and 3.1% in the @entity5 group). CONCLUSIONS: The current parenteral @entity2 regimen seems to be of comparable efficacy and cardiovascular safety as @entity5 in terms of overall survival. @entity6 has by far the lowest drug cost and also the lowest cumulative direct costs and thus has the highest cost-effectiveness. We suggest that parenteral @entity2 be included as a therapeutic option in the endocrine management of @entity3 .

title: Parenteral @entity2 versus total @entity4 ablation in the treatment of XXXX : effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. The Scandinavian @entity3 Group (SPCG)-5 Trial Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect on overall survival of total @entity4 ablation ( @entity5 ) with that of parenteral @entity2 and to pay special attention to cardiovascular mortality. @entity5 (orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue combined with an antiandrogen) has been proposed as superior to other endocrine treatments for @entity0 with @entity3 . Recently, the use of parenteral @entity2 has been suggested to reduce or even negate the well-known cardiovascular side effects of oral @entity2 . METHODS: Nine hundred fifteen @entity0 were randomized to intramuscular injections of 240 mg @entity9 ( @entity6 ) every second week for the first 8 weeks (5 doses) followed by a maintenance dose of 240 mg every month (n = 458) or to bilateral orchiectomy or triptorelin 3.75 mg every month combined with the antiandrogen @entity7 250 mg three times daily. The choice between orchiectomy and triptorelin was at the discretion of the clinician and @entity0 . @entity0 were stratified according to performance status, presence of @entity1 , and alkaline phosphatase level. An observer totally unaware of the treatment given classified all deceased @entity0 . RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, no signs of a difference in overall survival were found between @entity5 and @entity6 (P <0.001). Of 458 @entity0 , 266 (58.1%) had died in the @entity6 group compared with 269 (58.9%) of 457 @entity0 in the @entity5 group. Within the @entity5 group, no difference in overall survival existed between @entity0 who had undergone orchiectomy or who were given @entity8 . Furthermore, no differences in cardiovascular mortality were found (3.5% in the @entity6 group and 3.1% in the @entity5 group). CONCLUSIONS: The current parenteral @entity2 regimen seems to be of comparable efficacy and cardiovascular safety as @entity5 in terms of overall survival. @entity6 has by far the lowest drug cost and also the lowest cumulative direct costs and thus has the highest cost-effectiveness. We suggest that parenteral @entity2 be included as a therapeutic option in the endocrine management of @entity3 .

title: Parenteral @entity2 versus total @entity4 ablation in the treatment of @entity3 : effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. The Scandinavian XXXX Group (SPCG)-5 Trial Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect on overall survival of total @entity4 ablation ( @entity5 ) with that of parenteral @entity2 and to pay special attention to cardiovascular mortality. @entity5 (orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue combined with an antiandrogen) has been proposed as superior to other endocrine treatments for @entity0 with @entity3 . Recently, the use of parenteral @entity2 has been suggested to reduce or even negate the well-known cardiovascular side effects of oral @entity2 . METHODS: Nine hundred fifteen @entity0 were randomized to intramuscular injections of 240 mg @entity9 ( @entity6 ) every second week for the first 8 weeks (5 doses) followed by a maintenance dose of 240 mg every month (n = 458) or to bilateral orchiectomy or triptorelin 3.75 mg every month combined with the antiandrogen @entity7 250 mg three times daily. The choice between orchiectomy and triptorelin was at the discretion of the clinician and @entity0 . @entity0 were stratified according to performance status, presence of @entity1 , and alkaline phosphatase level. An observer totally unaware of the treatment given classified all deceased @entity0 . RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, no signs of a difference in overall survival were found between @entity5 and @entity6 (P <0.001). Of 458 @entity0 , 266 (58.1%) had died in the @entity6 group compared with 269 (58.9%) of 457 @entity0 in the @entity5 group. Within the @entity5 group, no difference in overall survival existed between @entity0 who had undergone orchiectomy or who were given @entity8 . Furthermore, no differences in cardiovascular mortality were found (3.5% in the @entity6 group and 3.1% in the @entity5 group). CONCLUSIONS: The current parenteral @entity2 regimen seems to be of comparable efficacy and cardiovascular safety as @entity5 in terms of overall survival. @entity6 has by far the lowest drug cost and also the lowest cumulative direct costs and thus has the highest cost-effectiveness. We suggest that parenteral @entity2 be included as a therapeutic option in the endocrine management of @entity3 .

title: Parenteral XXXX versus total @entity4 ablation in the treatment of @entity3 : effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. The Scandinavian @entity3 Group (SPCG)-5 Trial Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect on overall survival of total @entity4 ablation ( @entity5 ) with that of parenteral @entity2 and to pay special attention to cardiovascular mortality. @entity5 (orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue combined with an antiandrogen) has been proposed as superior to other endocrine treatments for @entity0 with @entity3 . Recently, the use of parenteral @entity2 has been suggested to reduce or even negate the well-known cardiovascular side effects of oral @entity2 . METHODS: Nine hundred fifteen @entity0 were randomized to intramuscular injections of 240 mg @entity9 ( @entity6 ) every second week for the first 8 weeks (5 doses) followed by a maintenance dose of 240 mg every month (n = 458) or to bilateral orchiectomy or triptorelin 3.75 mg every month combined with the antiandrogen @entity7 250 mg three times daily. The choice between orchiectomy and triptorelin was at the discretion of the clinician and @entity0 . @entity0 were stratified according to performance status, presence of @entity1 , and alkaline phosphatase level. An observer totally unaware of the treatment given classified all deceased @entity0 . RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, no signs of a difference in overall survival were found between @entity5 and @entity6 (P <0.001). Of 458 @entity0 , 266 (58.1%) had died in the @entity6 group compared with 269 (58.9%) of 457 @entity0 in the @entity5 group. Within the @entity5 group, no difference in overall survival existed between @entity0 who had undergone orchiectomy or who were given @entity8 . Furthermore, no differences in cardiovascular mortality were found (3.5% in the @entity6 group and 3.1% in the @entity5 group). CONCLUSIONS: The current parenteral @entity2 regimen seems to be of comparable efficacy and cardiovascular safety as @entity5 in terms of overall survival. @entity6 has by far the lowest drug cost and also the lowest cumulative direct costs and thus has the highest cost-effectiveness. We suggest that parenteral @entity2 be included as a therapeutic option in the endocrine management of @entity3 .

title: Parenteral @entity2 versus total XXXX ablation in the treatment of @entity3 : effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. The Scandinavian @entity3 Group (SPCG)-5 Trial Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adamantiadis-Beh  et's disease is a chronically progressing @entity3 . The underlying disease mechanism is an obliterative @entity8 of unknown etiology. Main clinical symptoms are @entity12 and intraocular @entity1 . Additionally, cutaneous, @entity2 manifestations may be observed. Diagnosis is based on clinical features since currently no specific laboratory tests or pathognomonic histopathological features are available. Ocular changes may provide important diagnostic clues to the @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: In a retrospective fashion 196 @entity0 of the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Erlangen-N  rnberg between 1988 and 1998 with @entity11 seen by fluorescence angiography were evaluated according to the diagnostic criteria of the "Beh  et's Disease Research Committee of Japan". RESULTS: Among 196 @entity0 there were 12 @entity0 with Adamantiadis-Beh  et's disease. Apart from @entity11 , angiographic features included capillary dropout in 64% (9/14), swelling of the optic disc in 79% (11/14) and irregularly delayed @entity13 of choriocapillaris in the early phase of fluorescence angiography in 43% (6/14) of eyes. There was no statistically significant relationship between severity of the @entity4 and the activity of the @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Apart from @entity11 , 43% of eyes in @entity0 with Adamantiadis-Beh  et's disease presented a delayed @entity10 in fluorescence angiography as a sign of @entity6 . We observed leakage of @entity7 from the optic disc, which could be due to a secondary inflammation of the ciliary circulation. Inflammatory involvement predominantly of choroidal vessels, as visualized in fluorescence angiography, may be a diagnostic lead in Adamantiadis-Beh  et's disease.

title: [Adamantiadis-Beh  et syndrome: XXXX angiography and choroid ischemia].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells is a typical feature of @entity6 . The mechanism or mechanisms leading to abnormal epithelial proliferation remain unclear. Overexpression of growth factors and their receptors and @entity1 -suppressor proteins are known to cause cell transformation and proliferation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of these factors in juvenile @entity6 with correlation to cellular proliferation activity, and to determine whether such expression is associated with the clinical course of the disease. The expression of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 protein, @entity5 proteins and Ki-67 was quantified by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens taken at the initial surgical excision from @entity0 in whom @entity7 was diagnosed. Clinical information regarding the number of disease sites, tracheobronchial spread, malignant transformation, and frequency of recurrences was reviewed. Thirty-five specimens were suitable for immunohistochemical evaluation. Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in @entity0 with multiple sites of disease and frequent recurrences. High @entity4 expression was significantly associated with malignant transformation. We concluded that Ki-67 and @entity4 expression may be predictive of the clinical course in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Expression of Ki-67, @entity1 suppressor proteins, growth factor, and growth factor receptor in juvenile @entity7 : Ki-67 and XXXX as predictors of aggressive disease.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells is a typical feature of @entity6 . The mechanism or mechanisms leading to abnormal epithelial proliferation remain unclear. Overexpression of growth factors and their receptors and @entity1 -suppressor proteins are known to cause cell transformation and proliferation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of these factors in juvenile @entity6 with correlation to cellular proliferation activity, and to determine whether such expression is associated with the clinical course of the disease. The expression of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 protein, @entity5 proteins and Ki-67 was quantified by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens taken at the initial surgical excision from @entity0 in whom @entity7 was diagnosed. Clinical information regarding the number of disease sites, tracheobronchial spread, malignant transformation, and frequency of recurrences was reviewed. Thirty-five specimens were suitable for immunohistochemical evaluation. Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in @entity0 with multiple sites of disease and frequent recurrences. High @entity4 expression was significantly associated with malignant transformation. We concluded that Ki-67 and @entity4 expression may be predictive of the clinical course in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Expression of Ki-67, @entity1 suppressor proteins, growth factor, and growth factor receptor in juvenile XXXX : Ki-67 and @entity4 as predictors of aggressive disease.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells is a typical feature of @entity6 . The mechanism or mechanisms leading to abnormal epithelial proliferation remain unclear. Overexpression of growth factors and their receptors and @entity1 -suppressor proteins are known to cause cell transformation and proliferation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of these factors in juvenile @entity6 with correlation to cellular proliferation activity, and to determine whether such expression is associated with the clinical course of the disease. The expression of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 protein, @entity5 proteins and Ki-67 was quantified by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens taken at the initial surgical excision from @entity0 in whom @entity7 was diagnosed. Clinical information regarding the number of disease sites, tracheobronchial spread, malignant transformation, and frequency of recurrences was reviewed. Thirty-five specimens were suitable for immunohistochemical evaluation. Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in @entity0 with multiple sites of disease and frequent recurrences. High @entity4 expression was significantly associated with malignant transformation. We concluded that Ki-67 and @entity4 expression may be predictive of the clinical course in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Expression of Ki-67, XXXX suppressor proteins, growth factor, and growth factor receptor in juvenile @entity7 : Ki-67 and @entity4 as predictors of aggressive disease.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local recurrence of @entity4 is associated with a grave prognosis. However, the characteristics and the mode of disease progression for @entity0 with local recurrence have not been adequately addressed in the literature. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity0 treated at a single institution revealed a subset of @entity0 (n = 648) with local recurrence of @entity4 as a first event. @entity0 characteristics, histologic determinants, and disease free interval were variables used to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS: In this group of @entity0 , male gender (P = 0. 0163), increasing age (P = 0.0001), head and neck primaries (P = 0. 0001), thicker @entity3 (P = 0.0022), deeper Clark levels (P = 0.0010), and @entity5 of the @entity1 (P = 0.0348) suggested a shorter time until local recurrence. @entity3 (P = 0.0004), Clark level (P = 0.0043), and @entity5 (P = 0.0001) still factored into the survival prognosis after recurrence. Truncal primaries (P = 0.0005) and @entity2 free intervals (P = 0.0098) were also associated with poorer outcomes after recurrence. Of the 648 @entity0 , 124 showed no progression, 196 developed another local recurrence, 178 developed in-transit/lymph node metastases, and 150 had systemic recurrences. Survival was only 33.6% for @entity0 with further metastases, compared with 77.4% for @entity0 with no progression of disease after a median follow-up of 38.9 months. CONCLUSIONS: There was a 48.5% mortality rate at 5 years of follow-up after local recurrence. Long term survival (> 10 years) was estimated to be 34.9%. The patterns of failure after local recurrence suggest that @entity0 may benefit from aggressive locoregional therapy.

title: Analysis of prognosis and disease progression after local recurrence of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have developed a 2-stage protocol for @entity5 and @entity3 mutation screening from blood spot paper. Stage 1 screening was aimed to analyze @entity1 at highest risk for the most common disease-associated sequence variants listed in the BIC database. Accordingly, stage1 testing implied detection of 18 disease- associated @entity5 and 9 @entity3 mutations by adapting the 5' nuclease assay to heterozygote screening. For stage 2 screening, we applied the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) method by adapting this technique to automated heteroduplex analysis of @entity5 and @entity3 using fragment scanning on an ABI 377 sequencing device. Of the 120 @entity1 with a family history of @entity4 who took part in this study so far, 45 entered stage 1 testing. Disease-associated mutations were detected in 6 @entity1 by stage 1 testing (13%). For these @entity1 , the final result was available within 10 days. Mutation @entity6 was found in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 with mutation @entity7 in @entity3 reported only 1 sister with a multifocal bilateral @entity0 . New disease-associated mutations were detected in 2 of the 114 @entity1 who entered the stage 2 test (1.7%). Of particular interest was 1 @entity1 who was diagnosed with a @entity0 at age 39 and who had no family history of @entity0 . We conclude that pre-screening by 5' nuclease assay for the mutations most frequently seen in a given population represents a relatively effective first line of analysis. Subsequent detailed analysis by fluorescence conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (F-CSGE) and fragment sequencing is a sensitive alternative to full @entity2 sequencing.

title: Detection of XXXX and @entity3 mutations in @entity0 families by a comprehensive two-stage screening procedure.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have developed a 2-stage protocol for @entity5 and @entity3 mutation screening from blood spot paper. Stage 1 screening was aimed to analyze @entity1 at highest risk for the most common disease-associated sequence variants listed in the BIC database. Accordingly, stage1 testing implied detection of 18 disease- associated @entity5 and 9 @entity3 mutations by adapting the 5' nuclease assay to heterozygote screening. For stage 2 screening, we applied the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) method by adapting this technique to automated heteroduplex analysis of @entity5 and @entity3 using fragment scanning on an ABI 377 sequencing device. Of the 120 @entity1 with a family history of @entity4 who took part in this study so far, 45 entered stage 1 testing. Disease-associated mutations were detected in 6 @entity1 by stage 1 testing (13%). For these @entity1 , the final result was available within 10 days. Mutation @entity6 was found in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 with mutation @entity7 in @entity3 reported only 1 sister with a multifocal bilateral @entity0 . New disease-associated mutations were detected in 2 of the 114 @entity1 who entered the stage 2 test (1.7%). Of particular interest was 1 @entity1 who was diagnosed with a @entity0 at age 39 and who had no family history of @entity0 . We conclude that pre-screening by 5' nuclease assay for the mutations most frequently seen in a given population represents a relatively effective first line of analysis. Subsequent detailed analysis by fluorescence conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (F-CSGE) and fragment sequencing is a sensitive alternative to full @entity2 sequencing.

title: Detection of @entity5 and @entity3 mutations in XXXX families by a comprehensive two-stage screening procedure.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have developed a 2-stage protocol for @entity5 and @entity3 mutation screening from blood spot paper. Stage 1 screening was aimed to analyze @entity1 at highest risk for the most common disease-associated sequence variants listed in the BIC database. Accordingly, stage1 testing implied detection of 18 disease- associated @entity5 and 9 @entity3 mutations by adapting the 5' nuclease assay to heterozygote screening. For stage 2 screening, we applied the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) method by adapting this technique to automated heteroduplex analysis of @entity5 and @entity3 using fragment scanning on an ABI 377 sequencing device. Of the 120 @entity1 with a family history of @entity4 who took part in this study so far, 45 entered stage 1 testing. Disease-associated mutations were detected in 6 @entity1 by stage 1 testing (13%). For these @entity1 , the final result was available within 10 days. Mutation @entity6 was found in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 with mutation @entity7 in @entity3 reported only 1 sister with a multifocal bilateral @entity0 . New disease-associated mutations were detected in 2 of the 114 @entity1 who entered the stage 2 test (1.7%). Of particular interest was 1 @entity1 who was diagnosed with a @entity0 at age 39 and who had no family history of @entity0 . We conclude that pre-screening by 5' nuclease assay for the mutations most frequently seen in a given population represents a relatively effective first line of analysis. Subsequent detailed analysis by fluorescence conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (F-CSGE) and fragment sequencing is a sensitive alternative to full @entity2 sequencing.

title: Detection of @entity5 and XXXX mutations in @entity0 families by a comprehensive two-stage screening procedure.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report outcomes of surgery for severe @entity3 with or without partial atretic plate ( @entity5 ). DESIGN: Retrospective review. SUBJECTS: Thirteen @entity0 (18 ears) had surgery for severe @entity3 with (n=10, 56%) or without @entity5 (n=8, 44%). Indications included severe @entity2 with @entity1 , cerumen impactions, and/or canal @entity6 . Mean age=7.8 years (range 0.4-19.9 years). Mean follow up=5.2 years (range 0.4-10.0 years). SETTING: Tertiary care @entity0 's hospital. INTERVENTIONS: Nineteen endaural canaloplasties were performed in 17 ears (2 revisions). There was one post-auricular approach. Fifteen tympanoplasties were performed in 13 ears (2 revisions). @entity5 was reconstructed with drilling to enlarge the bony annulus and fascia grafting to enlarge the tympanic membrane in 10 (56%) ears. OUTCOME MEASURES: Patency of EACs; otologic findings; pure tone averages (PTA); complications. RESULTS: All (100%) EACs had improved patency (>or=4mm). Findings included canal @entity6 (2/18, 11%), @entity4 (4/18, 22%), stapes abnormality (2/18, 11%), and incudostapedial discontinuity from @entity6 (1/18, 6%). Mean preoperative PTA=38.7 dB HL (range 60-20 dB HL). Mean post-operative PTA=23.6 dB HL (range 50-6.7 dB HL). Audiologic results were significantly better for cases without @entity5 (p<.01) and without @entity4 (p<.01). There were seven minor and no major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Endaural canaloplasty is safe and effective for providing patent EACs and hearing improvement for severe @entity3 . However, since hearing outcomes were worse for cases with @entity5 and @entity4 , alternatives such as hearing aids or BAHA may be considered.

title: XXXX and partial atretic plate.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the results of prospective randomized placebo controlled studies, endorsement from various professional societies, and approval by the FDA, the chemoprevention of @entity0 is limited. This is attributable to the perceived risks of complications with @entity2 . Individualized risk-benefit calculation regarding the use of @entity2 is burdensome for practical clinical use. We propose a Chemoprevention Indication Score (CIS) that is easy to compute and reliable to identify @entity1 suitable for chemoprevention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Chart-review of all @entity1 attending a university-based high-risk breast clinic identified the @entity1 offered chemoprevention and those who accepted it. Age, Gail risk score, past medical history and physician's reasons for not offering @entity2 were recorded. CIS was developed weighing risks and benefits of @entity2 ; high, moderate and low indication score categories were defined for recommendation of @entity2 . CIS was validated by cross-tabulating with the rate of physician recommendation of @entity2 and by agreement with Gail's risk-benefit index. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2006,105 @entity1 attended the high-risk clinic. Median (interquartile) age was 47 (42-53) yrs; 142(90%) were Caucasian. Median (interquartile) Gail score was 2.3 (1.0-3.2). Forty-eight (46%) @entity1 were offered @entity2 while 15(14%) complied. @entity2 was offered to 1 of 5(20%) @entity1 with low; 32 of 82(39%) @entity1 with moderate and 15 of 18(83%) @entity1 with high CIS [p=0.0008]. The McNemar's test for agreement between CIS (<6 vs. >or=6) and Gail's risk-benefit index was significant at p<0.0001 and Kruskal-Wallis test comparing median Gail's risk-benefit index across CIS was significant at p<0.0001. CONCLUSION: Inability to identify appropriate candidates has been a great barrier towards acceptance of chemoprevention for @entity0 . The CIS can be used for individual risk-benefit analysis for recommendation of @entity0 chemoprevention. However, CIS needs to be validated on a larger scale with methodologically more rigorous studies before proposing generalized use in the community.

title: Chemoprevention Indication Score: a user-friendly tool for prevention of XXXX - pilot analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of cervical and @entity1 of the proximal femur in 1994 in Tangshan City, China. There are many reports on hip @entity2 incidence in many countries, suggesting that there are many factors affecting @entity1 . We visited 15 hospitals with an orthopaedic department within Tangshan City, and reviewed the medical records and radiographs of all @entity0 with @entity1 occurring between January 1 and December 31, 1994. The population of Tangshan in 1994 was determined to be 1,454,543 (746,015 males and 708,528 females). The population of those over 65 years of age was 88,490 (41,519 males and 46,971 females), representing 6.08% of the total population. This study detected 184 cervical and @entity1 of the proximal femur in 1994 in Tangshan (127 @entity0 and 57 @entity0 ). The overall incidence or rate of the combined number of cervical and @entity1 was 25 @entity2 per 100,000 population per year for @entity0 and 12 for @entity0 . There were a total of 147 cervical @entity2 (80%) and 37 @entity1 (20%). The incidence of the combined number of cervical and @entity1 in @entity0 over 70 years of age increased to 108 for @entity0 and 156 for @entity0 . The incidence of @entity1 increased with age in both sex groups, especially in @entity0 over 65. Severe trauma @entity2 happened more often in younger groups, and mainly occurred in @entity0 , which may be a result of the particular composition of the population in Tangshan, which is young and male dominated. In addition, because Tangshan is an industrial city, many of its citizens are involved in occupations requiring a high level of physical activity.

title: Epidemiology of cervical and XXXX of the proximal femur in 1994 in Tangshan, China.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Electrical behaviour of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of the @entity3 stomach was investigated using intracellular recording methods. 2. Three subpopulations were identified and classified for convenience of discussion as @entity1 . Gastric I neurones were characterized by repetitive spike discharge during depolarizing current pulses and by higher input resistance than the other types. @entity2 discharged one or two spikes only at the onset of long-lasting depolarizing current pulses. Gastric III neurones did not discharge spikes to depolarizing current pulses and had higher membrane potentials and lower input resistances than the other types. Non-stimulus evoked discharge ('spontaneous' discharge) did not occur in any of the neurones. 3. Resting membrane potentials were generated primarily by resting K+ conductance, but were smaller than the estimated K+ equilibrium potential. Analysis based on the constant field equation predicted lower K+ conductance in gastric I than in gastric III neurones. 4. Action potentials in gastric I and II neurones were suppressed or blocked by @entity5 . Spikes that were broadened by @entity6 appeared to have an inward component of @entity0 current. 5. Hyperpolarizing after-potentials were associated with the spikes of both kinds of neurones. These after-potentials had much shorter duration (less than 300 ms) than the post-spike hyperpolarization of AH/type 2 intestinal neurones and unlike intestinal neurones there was no latency between the positive after-potential of the spike and the onset of the hyperpolarization. After-hyperpolarization in the gastric neurones was enhanced when the spikes were broadened by @entity6 and was suppressed by removal of @entity0 from the bathing solution. 6. Treatment with either @entity6 or @entity4 enhanced excitability and induced 'spontaneously' occurring repetitive spike discharge. 7. The electrophysiological behaviour of gastric myenteric neurones differed significantly from intestinal neurones. This was interpreted as specialization of the neural networks that control and co-ordinate the activity of vastly different effector systems in the two regions of the alimentary canal.

title: Electrical behaviour of myenteric neurones in the gastric corpus of the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The ability of blood to flow through capillaries with diameters smaller than that of erythrocytes and leucocytes has been explained hypothetically on the basis of electrostatic repulsion between vessel walls and circulating cells, but in the absence of in vivo evidence. Following our discovery of extraordinarily high densities of @entity5 on endothelial surfaces, we have now devised experiments to determine to what extent microcirculatory blood flow might depend on these negative charges. 2. Hindlimbs of @entity0 anaesthetized with @entity4 and @entity3 were perfused through the femoral artery at constant volume with continuous recording of inflow resistance: first with carotid arterial blood containing continually infused @entity1 at concentrations which minimized peripheral resistance without affecting heart rate; then for 5 min with buffered saline containing @entity1 at the same concentration plus neuraminidase (from @entity2 , at 0.1 mg/ml) to remove endothelial sialic acids (for control experiments without neuraminidase); and then again with @entity1 -infused carotid blood. 3. As a consequence of the saline perfusion, there was a rapid initial rise and fall of inflow resistance. The subsequent changes in resistance were calculated as the difference between its lowest value in the first 10 min and the value after 60 min. Controls and neuraminidase-perfused groups were compared using the t test for unpaired measurements. 4. In four control experiments inflow resistance decreased by 10-40% (14 +/- 10%, mean +/- S.E.M.). In three experiments with neuraminidase, inflow resistance increased by 24-38% (29 +/- 4%, mean +/- S.E.M.). The difference between the saline and the neuraminidase-perfused groups was significant (P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased microvascular resistance to blood flow in the XXXX hindlimb after perfusion with neuraminidase.

answer: @entity0