abstract: There is limited information about the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in @entity0 with @entity3 . This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an out- @entity0 PR program in @entity0 with a primary diagnosis of @entity3 and to compare them with a matched @entity1 group who completed the same PR program. A retrospective review was conducted of @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity1 who completed 6 to 8 weeks of PR at two tertiary institutions. The outcome measures were the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and Chronic @entity2 Questionnaire (CRQ). Ninety-five @entity0 with @entity3 completed the PR (48 male; FEV(1) 63 [24] % predicted; age 67 [10] years). Significant improvements in 6MWD (mean change 53.4 m, 95% CI 45.0 to 61.7) and CRQ total score (mean change 14.0 units, 95% CI 11.3 to 16.7) were observed immediately following PR. In @entity0 with complete follow-up (n = 37), these improvements remained significantly higher than baseline at 12 months (20.5 m, 95% CI 1.4 to 39.5 for 6MWD; 12.1 points, 95% CI 5.7 to 18.4 for CRQ total score). The time trend and changes in the 6MWD and CRQ scores were not significantly different between the @entity3 and the @entity1 groups (all p > 0.05). This study supports the inclusion of @entity0 with @entity3 in existing PR programs. Further prospective RCTs are warranted to substantiate these findings.

title: Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in XXXX : A retrospective study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the 3-year results of 2 endoscopic surgical approaches in the management of @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Private or institutional practice. @entity0 : A total of 127 @entity0 with @entity3 were operated on by the same surgeon between January 1, 2003, and September 31, 2005. INTERVENTION: The @entity0 underwent radical ethmoidectomy (n = 77) and polypectomy (n = 50). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures were global functional score, calculated by summing the scores (0-3) of each symptom ( @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity1 ); global anatomical score (GAS), calculated by summing the score of polyp development for each nasal cavity; computed tomography score; adherence to corticosteroid therapy; oral corticosteroid consumption; and complication and subsequent operation rate. Efficacy was evaluated by comparing these data preoperatively and postoperatively (at 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years). RESULTS: The global functional score and GAS were significantly improved 3 years after these techniques were performed (global functional score changes from 8.65 to 3.11 for ethmoidectomy and from 8.15 to 4.2 for polypectomy; GAS, from 5.95 to 1.83 for ethmoidectomy and from 6.57 to 3.58 for polypectomy). Congestion, @entity1 , and GAS were improved to a significantly greater extent in the ethmoidectomy group. The subsequent operation rate for symptomatic polyp recurrence was comparable (9.1% vs 8.0%), with fewer local complications in the polypectomy group. CONCLUSION: Polypectomy seems to represent a valuable alternative in the armamentarium of first-hand surgical procedures for treating @entity3 .

title: Polypectomy compared with ethmoidectomy in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To correlate the recurrence of temporalis fascia graft perforation and retraction in adults and @entity0 after tympanoplasty for chronic @entity2 and deep attic retraction pockets with age, pathologic process, @entity3 , mucociliary transport time, chronic @entity1 , and lateral attic wall reconstruction. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity0 : Two hundred seventy-four adult ears and 41 @entity0 ears were operated on for chronic @entity2 , 50 adult ears were operated on for @entity5 , and 56 adult ears were operated on for attic retraction pockets. INTERVENTIONS: Underlay tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy and lateral attic wall reconstruction for attic retraction pockets. Mucociliary transport time was investigated using @entity4 testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrent perforation, recurrent attic retraction, and temporalis fascia graft retraction were evaluated. RESULTS: Higher incidences of recurrent perforation were found in adults operated on for @entity2 vs @entity5 (P = .02) and in @entity0 (P = .004), especially those 9 years and younger (P = .02). A risk factor in adults was chronic @entity1 (risk ratio, 35.0; 95% confidence interval, 32.1-38.2; P = .004). Temporalis fascia graft retraction correlated with slower mucociliary transport time in adults (P < .001). A lower incidence of recurrent attic retraction was associated with lateral attic wall reconstruction (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent temporalis fascia graft perforation after tympanoplasty for @entity2 may be related to age and coexisting chronic @entity1 . Temporalis fascia graft retraction correlates with slower mucociliary transport time in the eustachian tube. Lateral attic wall reconstruction minimizes recurrent attic retraction in adults.

title: Temporalis fascia graft perforation and retraction after tympanoplasty for chronic XXXX and attic retraction pockets: factors associated with recurrence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The experience of @entity2 can best be viewed as a situation of multiple losses involving the dying @entity0 , family members and friends, and the health care providers engaged in offering services to them. It is a major transition during which the central @entity0 must cope with the personal meanings of the forthcoming @entity1 as well as other losses brought about by the disease process, medical treatments, and the need to provide care for the dying @entity0 . How families adapt to the stresses and changes imposed by the experience of living with dying depends on their previous experiences with @entity1 , their established patterns of communication about serious matters, and their decision-making practices. Some individuals and families are at greater risk than others for developing maladaptive responses and behaviors during and after the experience of @entity2 . Risk factors to be considered in making hypotheses about the potential for maladaptive reactions include the strength of the attachment to the dying @entity0 , uncontrollable and distressing symptoms, and coping limitations associated with age and other factors contributing to increased vulnerability to the demands of continuous change. Working effectively with different kinds of families during the transition of @entity2 can best be accomplished within a conceptual framework built upon knowledge about @entity0 undergoing change. The concept of safe conduct can serve as an overall guide for the creation of nursing services designed to offer personalized care and accessibility of professional help at times of maximum need by the family. Assisting dying @entity0 and their families toward the achievement of their personal goals is fundamental to the idea of safe conduct. The delivery of nursing care in @entity2 requires an orientation to assessment as an ongoing process that makes use of knowledge about disease processes, medical treatments, individual and group adaptations to loss, risk factors suggestive of maladaptive responses, and family dynamics in relation to crisis and change. Although nurses bring expert knowledge about available treatments and resources, the process of assessment and decision-making about what needs to be done can be best accomplished through a process of contracting with the @entity0 and family. These mutual agreements need to be concerned with the establishment of specific goals, plans for achieving them, available resources within the family, division of responsibility, time limits on the achievement of objectives, and mutual evaluation of the process and the outcomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Loss and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test whether a clinically relevant change in knee function is associated with concurrent or prior change in thigh muscle strength. METHODS: 2675 @entity1 Initiative @entity0 (1485 @entity0 /1190 @entity0 ) with measurements of isometric muscle strength at baseline (BL), year 2 (Y2) and 4 (Y4) follow-up were divided into those with greater than @entity2 ( @entity2 ) worsening (>= 6/68 in WOMAC function) during Y2 > Y4, @entity2 improvement, or without relevant change. Changes in isometric muscle strength, concurrent (Y2 > Y4) and preceding (BL > Y2) function change, were compared between groups using ANCOVA. RESULTS: Concurrent loss in extensor muscle strength in @entity0 with worsening knee function during Y2 > Y4 differed significantly (p=0.03) from that in @entity0 without change (-4.6% 95% CI[-6.8, -2.4]) vs. -2.2% 95%CI[-3.0, -1.4]) and so did the concurrent increase in strength in those with functional improvement (+2.2% 95%CI[-0.3, 4.7]; p<0.0001). This increase in strength remained significantly different after adjusting for covariates but was preceded by a greater loss in strength (-7.7% 95%CI[-10.3, -5.0]; p=0.02) during BL > Y2 compared to those without function change during Y2 > Y4 (-4.3% 95%CI[-5.2, -3.4]). The strength decrease during BL > Y2 in those with worsening knee function during Y2 > Y4 (-4.5% 95%CI[-6.9, -2.2]) did not significantly differ (p=0.87) from those without change in function. No differences between changes in flexor muscle strength were observed between groups. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a positive concurrent longitudinal association between change in extensor muscle strength and worsening/improvement in knee function in KOA. However, a corresponding change in muscle strength was not observed to precede change in function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Longitudinal change in thigh muscle strength prior and concurrent to a @entity2 worsening or improvement in knee function - Data from the XXXX Initiative.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test whether a clinically relevant change in knee function is associated with concurrent or prior change in thigh muscle strength. METHODS: 2675 @entity1 Initiative @entity0 (1485 @entity0 /1190 @entity0 ) with measurements of isometric muscle strength at baseline (BL), year 2 (Y2) and 4 (Y4) follow-up were divided into those with greater than @entity2 ( @entity2 ) worsening (>= 6/68 in WOMAC function) during Y2 > Y4, @entity2 improvement, or without relevant change. Changes in isometric muscle strength, concurrent (Y2 > Y4) and preceding (BL > Y2) function change, were compared between groups using ANCOVA. RESULTS: Concurrent loss in extensor muscle strength in @entity0 with worsening knee function during Y2 > Y4 differed significantly (p=0.03) from that in @entity0 without change (-4.6% 95% CI[-6.8, -2.4]) vs. -2.2% 95%CI[-3.0, -1.4]) and so did the concurrent increase in strength in those with functional improvement (+2.2% 95%CI[-0.3, 4.7]; p<0.0001). This increase in strength remained significantly different after adjusting for covariates but was preceded by a greater loss in strength (-7.7% 95%CI[-10.3, -5.0]; p=0.02) during BL > Y2 compared to those without function change during Y2 > Y4 (-4.3% 95%CI[-5.2, -3.4]). The strength decrease during BL > Y2 in those with worsening knee function during Y2 > Y4 (-4.5% 95%CI[-6.9, -2.2]) did not significantly differ (p=0.87) from those without change in function. No differences between changes in flexor muscle strength were observed between groups. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a positive concurrent longitudinal association between change in extensor muscle strength and worsening/improvement in knee function in KOA. However, a corresponding change in muscle strength was not observed to precede change in function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Longitudinal change in thigh muscle strength prior and concurrent to a XXXX worsening or improvement in knee function - Data from the @entity1 Initiative.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Chronic inflammatory T-cell-mediated diseases such as @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are often treated with immunosuppressants including corticosteroids. In addition to the intended T-cell suppression, these farmacons give rise to many side effects. Recently, immunosuppressive phospholipids have been proposed as less-toxic alternatives. We aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory capacities of the naturally occurring phospholipid @entity7 (PI). Systemic PI treatment dramatically reduced disease severity and @entity2 in @entity0 @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity4 . Moreover, PI treatment inhibited the inflammatory T-cell response in these @entity0 , as T cells derived from colon-draining LN of PI-treated @entity0 secreted less @entity3 and IFN-y upon polyclonal restimulation when compared to those of saline-treated @entity0 . Further characterization of the suppressive capacity of PI revealed that the phospholipid suppressed Th cell differentiation in vitro irrespective of their cytokine profile by inhibiting proliferation and @entity6 release. In particular, PI diminished @entity6 mRNA expression and inhibited @entity10 -, @entity9 -, @entity5 - and JNK-phosphorylation. Crucially, PI did not ablate Treg differentiation or the antigen-presenting capacity of DCs in vitro. These data validate PI as a pluripotent inhibitor that can be applied mucosally as well as systemically. Its compelling functions render PI a promising novel physiological immune suppressant.

title: Anti-inflammatory actions of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Post-operative complications can be attributed to technical aspects of surgery, yet no studies have investigated the mechanics behind commonly used incisions for total laryngopharyngectomies (TLP). This procedure, seen in @entity1 @entity0 , necessitates free tissue transfer to construct a neo-pharynx, creating an inherently greater risk of complications. We sought to investigate the impact of neck incision location on these post-operative complications for TLP using @entity2 ( @entity2 ). A nonlinear hyperelastic 2-D finite element model was used to evaluate the stress and strain along the incision line of two separate neck incision models commonly used for TLP: low-neck apron (LNA) incisions that incorporate the @entity0 * s tracheostoma and mid-neck apron (MNA) incisions that do not communicate with the tracheostoma. A constant displacement was applied to the incision to simulate normal neck extension experienced during the post-operative phase. Each neck incision was also modeled at varying strain energy densities to simulate various stages of wound healing. For a constant displacement of 40mm, the principal von Mises stress of the LNA incision varied between 5.87 and 6.41MPa, depending on the hyperelastic properties of the healing incision. This stress was concentrated at the junction of the incision and the fixed tracheostomal edge. The MNA model demonstrated a principal von Mises stress that varied between 0.558 and 0.711MPa and was concentrated along the midline of the neck incision. MNA incisions for @entity3 @entity0 result in principal von Mises stresses which are up to 11 times lower than those seen in LNA incisions. These results coincided with clinical observations from a concurrent study that showed a decrease in rate of wound dehiscence for @entity0 undergoing TLP with an MNA incision.

title: Neck incision planning for total laryngectomy: A XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With the disturbing increase in @entity1 , there is a pressing need to determine the causes, pathogenesis and safe avenues for disease prevention. Although events in early life appear important, no causal pathways have been identified. This review examines new developments in the area of foetal and early postnatal immune maturation. It secondly addresses early predisposing influences and protective factors that may have a future role in @entity2 prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: New developments in the understanding of the ontogeny of allergen-specific immune responses in atopic @entity0 are discussed, including the role of early type 1 and 2 immune responses, and how these are influenced by perinatal antigen presenting cell and T-cell immaturity. The controversial role of early dietary exposures including breastfeeding, food allergens, hydrolyzed formulae and other dietary factors including @entity3 are discussed in the context of the most recent literature. Equally contentious, the role of early house dust and pet allergen exposure is discussed in light of new epidemiological studies and disappointing early results of multicentre allergen avoidance studies. Finally, a number of studies in animals and @entity0 suggest that bacterial products can influence early immune development, providing a new potential therapeutic avenue for disease treatment and prevention. SUMMARY: Complex multifactorial genetic and environmental interactions make research in this area difficult and apparent associations with @entity1 may not be causal in nature. Many current targets for prevention, such as early allergen exposure and @entity0 feeding practices, are proving to be ineffective and may not be directly implicated in rising rates of disease.

title: Early origins of XXXX : a review of processes and influences during early immune development.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a prospective study of @entity2 in 871 general surgery @entity0 , we identified 81 @entity0 who developed unexplained postoperative fevers. The majority of these episodes (72%) occurred early (within the first 48 hours) following surgery. @entity0 who developed early, unexplained fevers differed significantly from @entity0 who developed documented postoperative @entity2 . @entity0 with unexplained fevers were younger, had less severe underlying disease and underwent less extensive surgeries than @entity0 who subsequently developed @entity2 . In these respects, they were more similar to non-infected, non-febrile @entity0 . We concluded that episodes of early, @entity1 occur frequently in a wide range of general surgery @entity0 . Most of these episodes are non-infectious in origin. @entity0 with early postoperative fevers should be evaluated to identify any obvious sources of @entity2 . If no focus is identified, empiric antibiotic therapy should not be initiated nor should prophylactic antibiotics be extended for prolonged durations. Unexplained fevers will resolve in time without specific therapeutic interventions.

title: Evidence for the non-infectious etiology of early XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Understanding upper rate responses should not be a frustrating experience. A thorough working knowledge of @entity2 pacer timing cycles is recommended before attempting to assimilate this information. Anyone involved in the interpretation and troubleshooting of @entity2 pacer ECGs should be familiar with these four basic upper rate responses. As shown in Table I, these responses are used to limit the upper ventricular tracking rate in various pacer models either as a single option or in combination. The operation of combined upper rate responses can be difficult to interpret. If the initial acceleration of the atrial rate is available from a Holter monitor or a standard electrocardiographic recording, the fallback response can be easily detected as the transition from pacing at the upper rate limit to the fallback rate. When this transition is not observed and the timing cycle indicates a Wenckebach-type behavior at a ventricular-paced rate of 80 pulses/min, the fallback response can be suspected because programming an upper rate limit of 80 pulses/min would be unusual. Rate smoothing is more difficult to detect when the @entity1 is accelerating. @entity0 may be observed as the ventricular pacing rate increases according to the smoothing constant. Rate smoothing can be suspected if @entity0 is observed as the ventricular pacing rate increases from cycle to cycle. Fig. 1 attempts to clarify similar characteristics of the four upper rate responses. It also provides rudimentary differences in characteristics of the four responses and guidelines for interpretation. Furthermore, it should be used as a quick reference to determine the criteria for each response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Understanding upper rate responses of XXXX pacers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression primarily through post-transcriptional modification. We tested the hypothesis that miRNA expression is associated with overall survival in advanced @entity2 . METHODS: Cases included newly diagnosed @entity0 with @entity2 . RNA from a training set of 62 cases was hybridized to an miRNA microarray containing 470 mature @entity0 transcripts. Cox Regression was performed to identify miRNAs associated with overall survival. External validation was performed using quantitative RT-PCR miRNA assays in an independent test set of 123 samples. MiRNA targets and associated biologic pathways were predicted in silico. RESULTS: Of all @entity0 , 80% had high-grade, stage IIIC @entity1 and 64% underwent optimal cytoreduction. The median survival for the entire cohort was 49  4 months. The training set identified 3 miRNAs associated with survival-- @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 . An miRNA signature containing @entity3 and @entity5 was most strongly associated with overall survival in the training set (HR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.51-5.78). This miRNA survival signature (MiSS) was validated in the test set (HR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.05-2.78). The MiSS was independent of FIGO stage and surgical debulking. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that an MiSS that contains @entity3 and @entity5 is negatively associated with overall survival in advanced serous @entity2 . This signature, when further validated, may be useful in individualizing care for the @entity2 @entity0 . Pathway analyses identify biologically plausible mechanisms.

title: A microRNA survival signature (MiSS) for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Secondary @entity5 after thrombolysis for acute @entity1 . HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 67-year-old male @entity0 was admitted with acute @entity2 and signs of an @entity1 in the ECG. The usual contraindications were excluded and after a systemic lysis with rt-PA the ECG-alterations as well as the symptoms of @entity3 resolved completely. 2 hours later the @entity0 developed an acute abdomen with a severe @entity4 . INVESTIGATIONS: On ultrasound and CT a massive intraabdominal bleeding was found. TREATMENT AND COURSE: Emergency laparotomy revealed a @entity5 . Retrospectively, 6 weeks before admission, the @entity0 had fallen from a ladder to his left side. This is a rare case of a secondary @entity5 during thrombolysis for acute @entity1 . 2 weeks later the @entity0 developed rein-farction with angiographically shown two vessel disease. After angioplasty of the ramus interventricularis anterior (RIVA) he was stable. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous thrombolysis in case of acute @entity1 is the method of choice. In the past a great number of @entity0 were excluded from thrombolysis because of an extensive interpretation of contraindications. The aim to reach an alteration in this use may not risk health of @entity0 by insufficient history.

title: [Secondary XXXX after thrombolysis for acute @entity1 ]

answer: @entity5


abstract: Secondary @entity5 after thrombolysis for acute @entity1 . HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 67-year-old male @entity0 was admitted with acute @entity2 and signs of an @entity1 in the ECG. The usual contraindications were excluded and after a systemic lysis with rt-PA the ECG-alterations as well as the symptoms of @entity3 resolved completely. 2 hours later the @entity0 developed an acute abdomen with a severe @entity4 . INVESTIGATIONS: On ultrasound and CT a massive intraabdominal bleeding was found. TREATMENT AND COURSE: Emergency laparotomy revealed a @entity5 . Retrospectively, 6 weeks before admission, the @entity0 had fallen from a ladder to his left side. This is a rare case of a secondary @entity5 during thrombolysis for acute @entity1 . 2 weeks later the @entity0 developed rein-farction with angiographically shown two vessel disease. After angioplasty of the ramus interventricularis anterior (RIVA) he was stable. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous thrombolysis in case of acute @entity1 is the method of choice. In the past a great number of @entity0 were excluded from thrombolysis because of an extensive interpretation of contraindications. The aim to reach an alteration in this use may not risk health of @entity0 by insufficient history.

title: [Secondary @entity5 after thrombolysis for acute XXXX ]

answer: @entity1


abstract: The mechanism underlying the association between smoking and other risky behaviours is not clear. In the most of papers smoking is considered as dependent variable. The aim of this study was to recognize @entity1 smoking as predictor of more general syndrome measured on @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The study was conducted in 2010 among 1272 Polish students from 2nd grade of upper-secondary schools. The frequency of @entity1 smoking in the last 30 days was measured on scale ranged form 0 (never) do 6 (40 times or more). Risk-taking syndrome was measured by @entity2 scale, including six items and being a part of CHIP-AE ( @entity0 Health and Illness Profile - Adolescent Version) questionnaire. Standardized 0-100 scale was constructed. All analyses were adjusted by gender. Polish version of @entity2 scale has good psychometric properties with one factor structure and reliability at the level of 0.66 (alpha-Cronbach). Results showed that 42.3% of respondents smoke at least once in the past 30 days, without gender-related differences. The mean index of @entity2 was equal to 27.8 in @entity0 and 18.5 in @entity0 , respectively. The correlation between results on smoking and ATRS scales was significant (r = 0.300; p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression model showed that gender and smoking were independent predictor of @entity2 score. These two factors explained 14.1% of @entity2 variability. Smoking was entered to the model at the first step. Analogous gender specific models indicated that smoking explained 12.3% of @entity2 variability in @entity0 and 7.2% in @entity0 . Young @entity0 who smoke are at high risk of many adverse effects, including: unsafe driving, sensation seeking and its consequences and delinquent behaviours. Probably they manifest so called negative identity, having lower self-control and lack of skills to refrain from danger situations and behaviors.

title: [ XXXX smoking and risky behaviour taking by youth].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is the second leading cause of @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity1 have a significantly higher probability of @entity2 . @entity4 can lead to a fatal outcome, and this condition often goes undiagnosed in @entity1 @entity0 despite the presence of symptoms. Risk of @entity5 is increased by a number of clinical factors, which can be @entity0 -derived, @entity1 -related, and treatment-related. Increasingly, clinicians are seeking predictable biomarkers to identify those @entity0 at the greatest risk. To that end, a newly developed and validated predictive risk model may help identify @entity0 who could benefit from prophylaxis. In addition, serum levels of coagulation cascade factors may predict the survival rate of @entity1 @entity0 ; elevated D-dimer levels are associated with decreased survival time. Anticoagulants, particularly low-molecular-weight heparin, can be useful in preventing the recurrence of clots in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity5 . Current and future investigations are aimed at determining if prophylaxis with anticoagulants can improve @entity0 survival. Future management strategies may involve the use of low-molecular-weight heparin or other novel anticoagulants as part of palliative care for high-risk @entity0 . Although treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin can significantly reduce the risks of clots, the impact on @entity1 survival is unclear.

title: Clinical roundtable monograph. The oncologist's role in management of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The present study examines the feasibility of a low power argon laser-induced thermal therapy to @entity5 , employing a direct administration of spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs). This modality utilizes the advantage of strong surface plasmon resonance exhibited by spherical GNPs in the visible range. @entity5 were grown in female balb @entity1 by subcutaneous injection of Ehrlich ascites @entity3 cells. GNPs with an average diameter 13 +/- 1.2 nm and optical density (ODlambda:518 nm = 3) were directly injected within the @entity0 interstitium. @entity0 were then illuminated with a continuous-wave (CW) @entity4 ion laser with irradiance 55 mW cm-2 for 45 min. All laser-GNPs treated @entity0 exhibited a significant suppression in @entity0 growth throughout 15 days. On the contrary, sham-treated group (laser treatment without GNPs injection) and control group (neither laser nor GNPs treatment) showed a progressive increase in @entity0 growth during the same period. Histopathological examination demonstrated extensive @entity2 percentage in laser-GNPs treated group (90%) in comparison with sham (35%) or control group (3-7%). A wide-angle X-ray scattering also revealed detectable changes in @entity0 protein structure exposed to both laser and GNPs. It can be concluded from this study that the intense surface plasmon resonance exhibited by spherical GNPs in the visible range could be very useful as a noninvasive technique for photothermal therapy of skin or near-surface @entity0 that need much less laser energy and lower concentrations of GNPs.

title: Low power argon laser-induced thermal therapy for subcutaneous XXXX in @entity1 using spherical gold nanoparticles.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The present study examines the feasibility of a low power argon laser-induced thermal therapy to @entity5 , employing a direct administration of spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs). This modality utilizes the advantage of strong surface plasmon resonance exhibited by spherical GNPs in the visible range. @entity5 were grown in female balb @entity1 by subcutaneous injection of Ehrlich ascites @entity3 cells. GNPs with an average diameter 13 +/- 1.2 nm and optical density (ODlambda:518 nm = 3) were directly injected within the @entity0 interstitium. @entity0 were then illuminated with a continuous-wave (CW) @entity4 ion laser with irradiance 55 mW cm-2 for 45 min. All laser-GNPs treated @entity0 exhibited a significant suppression in @entity0 growth throughout 15 days. On the contrary, sham-treated group (laser treatment without GNPs injection) and control group (neither laser nor GNPs treatment) showed a progressive increase in @entity0 growth during the same period. Histopathological examination demonstrated extensive @entity2 percentage in laser-GNPs treated group (90%) in comparison with sham (35%) or control group (3-7%). A wide-angle X-ray scattering also revealed detectable changes in @entity0 protein structure exposed to both laser and GNPs. It can be concluded from this study that the intense surface plasmon resonance exhibited by spherical GNPs in the visible range could be very useful as a noninvasive technique for photothermal therapy of skin or near-surface @entity0 that need much less laser energy and lower concentrations of GNPs.

title: Low power argon laser-induced thermal therapy for subcutaneous @entity5 in XXXX using spherical gold nanoparticles.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The current linear method to track @entity1 progression and evaluate treatment efficacy is insufficient for malignant @entity2 (MPM). A volumetric method for @entity1 measurement could improve the evaluation of novel treatments, but a fully manual implementation of volume measurement is too tedious and time-consuming. This manuscript presents a computerized method for the three-dimensional segmentation and volumetric analysis of MPM. METHODS: The computerized MPM segmentation method segments the lung parenchyma and hemithoracic cavities to define the pleural space. Nonlinear diffusion and a k-means classifier are then implemented to identify MPM in the pleural space. A database of 31 computed tomography scans from 31 @entity0 with pathologically confirmed MPM was retrospectively collected. Three observers independently outlined five randomly selected sections in each scan. The Jaccard similarity coefficient (J) between each of the observers and between the observer-defined and computer-defined segmentations was calculated. The computer-defined and the observer-defined segmentation areas (averaged over all observers) were both calculated for each axial section and compared using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The median J value among observers averaged over all sections was 0.517. The median J between the computer-defined and manual segmentations was 0.484. The difference between these values was not statistically significant. The area delineated by the computerized method demonstrated variability and bias comparable to the @entity1 area calculated from manual delineations. CONCLUSIONS: A computerized method for segmentation and measurement of MPM was developed. This method requires minimal initialization by the user and demonstrated good agreement with manually drawn outlines and area measurements. This method will allow volumetric tracking of @entity1 progression and may improve the evaluation of novel MPM treatments.

title: Computerized segmentation and measurement of malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Nine @entity0 ( @entity0 ) were identified in two diploid @entity1 clones (SH and RH), with a specific primer pair based on conserved motifs in the LRR domain of the @entity1 cyst @entity2 resistance gene @entity3 and the @entity1 virus X resistance gene Rx1. A modified AFLP method was used to facilitate the genetic mapping of the @entity0 in the four haplotypes under investigation. All nine @entity0 appeared to be located in the @entity3 / Rx1 cluster on chromosome XII. Construction of a physical map using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones for both the @entity1 ssp. @entity1 and the @entity1 ssp. andigena haplotype of SH showed that the @entity0 are located within a stretch of less than 200 kb. Sequence analysis of the @entity0 revealed that they are highly similar (93 to 95%) to @entity3 and Rx1. The sequence identities among all @entity0 range from 85 to 100%. Two pairs of @entity0 are identical, or nearly so (100 and 99.9%), with each member located in a different genotype. Southern-blot analysis on genomic DNA revealed no evidence for additional homologues outside the @entity3 / Rx1 cluster on chromosome XII.

title: Genetic and physical mapping of homologues of the virus resistance gene Rx1 and the cyst XXXX resistance gene @entity3 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Nine @entity0 ( @entity0 ) were identified in two diploid @entity1 clones (SH and RH), with a specific primer pair based on conserved motifs in the LRR domain of the @entity1 cyst @entity2 resistance gene @entity3 and the @entity1 virus X resistance gene Rx1. A modified AFLP method was used to facilitate the genetic mapping of the @entity0 in the four haplotypes under investigation. All nine @entity0 appeared to be located in the @entity3 / Rx1 cluster on chromosome XII. Construction of a physical map using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones for both the @entity1 ssp. @entity1 and the @entity1 ssp. andigena haplotype of SH showed that the @entity0 are located within a stretch of less than 200 kb. Sequence analysis of the @entity0 revealed that they are highly similar (93 to 95%) to @entity3 and Rx1. The sequence identities among all @entity0 range from 85 to 100%. Two pairs of @entity0 are identical, or nearly so (100 and 99.9%), with each member located in a different genotype. Southern-blot analysis on genomic DNA revealed no evidence for additional homologues outside the @entity3 / Rx1 cluster on chromosome XII.

title: Genetic and physical mapping of homologues of the virus resistance gene Rx1 and the cyst @entity2 resistance gene XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Nine @entity0 ( @entity0 ) were identified in two diploid @entity1 clones (SH and RH), with a specific primer pair based on conserved motifs in the LRR domain of the @entity1 cyst @entity2 resistance gene @entity3 and the @entity1 virus X resistance gene Rx1. A modified AFLP method was used to facilitate the genetic mapping of the @entity0 in the four haplotypes under investigation. All nine @entity0 appeared to be located in the @entity3 / Rx1 cluster on chromosome XII. Construction of a physical map using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones for both the @entity1 ssp. @entity1 and the @entity1 ssp. andigena haplotype of SH showed that the @entity0 are located within a stretch of less than 200 kb. Sequence analysis of the @entity0 revealed that they are highly similar (93 to 95%) to @entity3 and Rx1. The sequence identities among all @entity0 range from 85 to 100%. Two pairs of @entity0 are identical, or nearly so (100 and 99.9%), with each member located in a different genotype. Southern-blot analysis on genomic DNA revealed no evidence for additional homologues outside the @entity3 / Rx1 cluster on chromosome XII.

title: Genetic and physical mapping of homologues of the virus resistance gene Rx1 and the cyst @entity2 resistance gene @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 35-years old gravida IV and para II underwent caesarean section because of @entity2 following induction of labour. During operation the @entity0 developed @entity14 ( @entity14 ), severe @entity6 and @entity9 necessitating massive blood transfusion,hysterectomy with pelvic packing, and high-dose @entity13 . Ultimately, recombinant factor VIIa was given to control @entity6 . During the first 24 hours after operation, both clinical and laboratory findings showed that the severe @entity14 was on the course to recovery.However, the @entity0 subsequently developed @entity7 with respiratory and @entity3 requiring mechanical ventilation and haemodialysis.All therapeutical efforts could not help that the @entity0 passed away due to an inevitable @entity7 on the 12th day after the operation. Given the constellation of diagnostic and clinical findings, the most likely diagnosis was @entity15 ( @entity15 ), a rare complication of pregnancy. The following differential diagnoses were less likely or excluded in this reported @entity0 : @entity10 /pregnancy-induced @entity1 , @entity12 , @entity11 ,uterine @entity5 , transfusion reactions, @entity8 . @entity15 occurs rarely, and because studies in animal models cannot reproduce accurately the pathophysiological and clinical alterations seen in @entity0 , its pathogenesis remains unclear. It has been proposed that the clinical syndrome of @entity15 occurs when fetal antigens pass the maternal immunological barrier in susceptible mothers. The recognition of fetal antigens by maternal immune system subsequently triggers the release of endogenous mediators that are responsible for dramatic pathophysiological disturbances.Furthermore, the components of amniotic fluid initiate the @entity14 . These events are more consistent with @entity4 and anaphylactic @entity9 than with an embolic process and it was proposed that the term " @entity15 " be changed to "anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy". At present, no therapy has been found to consistently improve outcomes in @entity0 with @entity15 . @entity0 who survive the initial insult are at high risk for @entity7 . The mortality of @entity15 remains high.

title: [Pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of XXXX (anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy): case report with lethal outcome and overview].

answer: @entity15


abstract: This retrospective study was to identify perioperative and @entity2 associated with use of @entity4 mesh for pelvic floor repair in a UK district general hospital in a predominantly @entity1 population. The sample size was 27 @entity0 with data retrieved from records. Total mesh was used in 37.1%, isolated anterior mesh in 44.4%, and an isolated posterior mesh in 18.5%. There was a high incidence of @entity1 (BMI kg/m2 > or = 30.0) @entity0 (66.67%). The highest recorded thus far. A high proportion of the @entity0 (44.4%) were also over the age of 65 years with attendant comorbidities. The age range was 45-77 years. Complications included mesh exposure (7.4%), catheterization at discharge (7.4%), @entity3 during dissection (3.7%) and recurrent prolapse (7.4%). In the carefully selected individuals, @entity4 mesh for prolapse repair appears to be a safe technique to correct pelvic organ prolapse. However, long-term follow-up is needed with further research.

title: Immediate and perioperative outcomes of XXXX mesh in pelvic floor repair in a predominantly @entity1 population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This retrospective study was to identify perioperative and @entity2 associated with use of @entity4 mesh for pelvic floor repair in a UK district general hospital in a predominantly @entity1 population. The sample size was 27 @entity0 with data retrieved from records. Total mesh was used in 37.1%, isolated anterior mesh in 44.4%, and an isolated posterior mesh in 18.5%. There was a high incidence of @entity1 (BMI kg/m2 > or = 30.0) @entity0 (66.67%). The highest recorded thus far. A high proportion of the @entity0 (44.4%) were also over the age of 65 years with attendant comorbidities. The age range was 45-77 years. Complications included mesh exposure (7.4%), catheterization at discharge (7.4%), @entity3 during dissection (3.7%) and recurrent prolapse (7.4%). In the carefully selected individuals, @entity4 mesh for prolapse repair appears to be a safe technique to correct pelvic organ prolapse. However, long-term follow-up is needed with further research.

title: Immediate and perioperative outcomes of @entity4 mesh in pelvic floor repair in a predominantly XXXX population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) conducted by @entity1 has been exploited for millennia in three important @entity0 food processes: beer and wine production and bread leavening. Most of the efforts to understand and improve @entity6 have been made separately for each process, with strains that are supposedly well adapted. In this work, we propose a first comparison of @entity1 AFs in three synthetic media mimicking the dough/wort/grape must found in baking, brewing, and wine making. The fermentative behaviors of nine food-processing strains were evaluated in these media, at the cellular, populational, and biotechnological levels. A large variation in the measured traits was observed, with medium effects usually being greater than the strain effects. The results suggest that @entity0 selection targeted the ability to complete fermentation for wine strains and @entity7 content for beer strains. Apart from these features, the food origin of the strains did not significantly affect @entity6 , suggesting that an improvement program for a specific food processing industry could exploit the variability of strains used in other industries. @entity2 utilization was analyzed, revealing plastic but also genetic variation in fermentation products and indicating that artificial selection could be used to modify the production of @entity5 , @entity4 , etc. The major result was that the overall maximum @entity3 production rate (V(max)) was not related to the maximum @entity3 production rate per cell. Instead, a highly significant correlation between V(max) and the maximum population size was observed in all three media, indicating that @entity0 selection targeted the efficiency of cellular reproduction rather than metabolic efficiency. This result opens the way to new strategies for @entity1 improvement.

title: Population size drives industrial XXXX alcoholic fermentation and is under genetic control.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Imai @entity2 is a model of spontaneous @entity6 , which leads to heavy @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and progressive @entity4 . Treatment with AT1 blockers (ARBs) ameliorates @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity0 in this model. Progression of @entity0 in 5/6 nephrectomized @entity2 is associated with activation of the intrarenal angiotensin system, up-regulation of the oxidative, inflammatory, and fibrogenic pathways, and impaired activity of @entity12 ( @entity12 ), the master regulator of genes encoding antioxidant molecules. We hypothesized that progressive @entity0 in the Imai @entity2 is accompanied by oxidative stress, @entity1 , and impaired @entity12 activation and that amelioration of @entity0 with AT1 receptor blockade in this model may be associated with the reversal of these abnormalities. Ten-week-old Imai @entity2 were randomized to the ARB-treated ( @entity14 , 10 mg/kg/day for 24 weeks) or vehicle-treated groups. @entity2 served as controls. At 34 weeks of age Imai @entity2 showed heavy @entity8 , @entity13 , @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity1 , increased @entity10 expressing cell population, up-regulations of AT1 receptor, AT2 receptor, @entity9 oxidase, and inflammatory mediators, activation of nuclear factor-kB and reduction of @entity12 activity and expression of its downstream gene products in the renal cortex. ARB therapy prevented @entity0 , suppressed oxidative stress and @entity1 , and restored @entity12 activation and expression of the antioxidant enzymes. Thus progressive @entity6 in the Imai @entity2 is associated with oxidative stress, @entity1 , and impaired @entity12 activation. These abnormalities are accompanied by activation of intrarenal angiotensin system and can be prevented by ARB administration.

title: Role of intrarenal angiotensin system activation, oxidative stress, @entity1 , and impaired @entity12 activity in the progression of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The Imai @entity2 is a model of spontaneous @entity6 , which leads to heavy @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and progressive @entity4 . Treatment with AT1 blockers (ARBs) ameliorates @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity0 in this model. Progression of @entity0 in 5/6 nephrectomized @entity2 is associated with activation of the intrarenal angiotensin system, up-regulation of the oxidative, inflammatory, and fibrogenic pathways, and impaired activity of @entity12 ( @entity12 ), the master regulator of genes encoding antioxidant molecules. We hypothesized that progressive @entity0 in the Imai @entity2 is accompanied by oxidative stress, @entity1 , and impaired @entity12 activation and that amelioration of @entity0 with AT1 receptor blockade in this model may be associated with the reversal of these abnormalities. Ten-week-old Imai @entity2 were randomized to the ARB-treated ( @entity14 , 10 mg/kg/day for 24 weeks) or vehicle-treated groups. @entity2 served as controls. At 34 weeks of age Imai @entity2 showed heavy @entity8 , @entity13 , @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity1 , increased @entity10 expressing cell population, up-regulations of AT1 receptor, AT2 receptor, @entity9 oxidase, and inflammatory mediators, activation of nuclear factor-kB and reduction of @entity12 activity and expression of its downstream gene products in the renal cortex. ARB therapy prevented @entity0 , suppressed oxidative stress and @entity1 , and restored @entity12 activation and expression of the antioxidant enzymes. Thus progressive @entity6 in the Imai @entity2 is associated with oxidative stress, @entity1 , and impaired @entity12 activation. These abnormalities are accompanied by activation of intrarenal angiotensin system and can be prevented by ARB administration.

title: Role of intrarenal angiotensin system activation, oxidative stress, @entity1 , and impaired XXXX activity in the progression of @entity6 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: The Imai @entity2 is a model of spontaneous @entity6 , which leads to heavy @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and progressive @entity4 . Treatment with AT1 blockers (ARBs) ameliorates @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity0 in this model. Progression of @entity0 in 5/6 nephrectomized @entity2 is associated with activation of the intrarenal angiotensin system, up-regulation of the oxidative, inflammatory, and fibrogenic pathways, and impaired activity of @entity12 ( @entity12 ), the master regulator of genes encoding antioxidant molecules. We hypothesized that progressive @entity0 in the Imai @entity2 is accompanied by oxidative stress, @entity1 , and impaired @entity12 activation and that amelioration of @entity0 with AT1 receptor blockade in this model may be associated with the reversal of these abnormalities. Ten-week-old Imai @entity2 were randomized to the ARB-treated ( @entity14 , 10 mg/kg/day for 24 weeks) or vehicle-treated groups. @entity2 served as controls. At 34 weeks of age Imai @entity2 showed heavy @entity8 , @entity13 , @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity1 , increased @entity10 expressing cell population, up-regulations of AT1 receptor, AT2 receptor, @entity9 oxidase, and inflammatory mediators, activation of nuclear factor-kB and reduction of @entity12 activity and expression of its downstream gene products in the renal cortex. ARB therapy prevented @entity0 , suppressed oxidative stress and @entity1 , and restored @entity12 activation and expression of the antioxidant enzymes. Thus progressive @entity6 in the Imai @entity2 is associated with oxidative stress, @entity1 , and impaired @entity12 activation. These abnormalities are accompanied by activation of intrarenal angiotensin system and can be prevented by ARB administration.

title: Role of intrarenal angiotensin system activation, oxidative stress, XXXX , and impaired @entity12 activity in the progression of @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial DNA polymerase y ( @entity12 ) mutations in @entity0 often manifest as @entity13 , whereas in adults, a common manifestation is mitochondrial @entity11 (MIRAS) with severe @entity6 . Because some @entity0 with MIRAS have presented with @entity9 or @entity6 already in childhood, we searched for @entity12 mutations in neurologic manifestations in childhood. METHODS: We investigated @entity12 in 136 @entity0 , all clinically suspected to have @entity10 , with one or more of the following: @entity9 , @entity1 , severe @entity6 without @entity6 , @entity6 , encephalohepatopathy, or neuropathologically verified @entity13 . RESULTS: Seven @entity0 had @entity12 mutations, and all of them had severe @entity3 with @entity6 . Four @entity0 had died after exposure to @entity8 . Brain MRI showed parieto-occipital or thalamic hyperintense lesions, @entity2 , and @entity4 . Muscle histology and mitochondrial biochemistry results were normal in all. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12 analysis should belong to the first-line DNA diagnostic tests for @entity0 with an @entity5 -like presentation evolving into @entity6 with @entity7 ( @entity13 ), even if brain MRI and morphology, respiratory chain activities, and the amount of mitochondrial DNA in the skeletal muscle are normal. @entity12 analysis should precede valproate therapy in pediatric @entity0 with a typical phenotype. However, @entity12 is not a common cause of @entity6 or @entity9 in childhood.

title: XXXX manifestations in childhood.

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity6 and adrenergic receptors belong to the class A (similar to @entity4 ) G protein coupled receptors. Docking of agonists and antagonists to CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors revealed the importance of a centrally located rotamer toggle switch and its possible participation in the mechanism of agonist/antagonist recognition. The switch is composed of two residues, F3.36 and W6.48, located on opposite transmembrane helices @entity5 and TM6 in the central part of the membranous domain of cannabinoid receptors. The CB(1) and CB(2) receptor models were constructed based on the @entity0 A(2A) receptor template. The two best scored conformations of each receptor were used for the docking procedure. In all poses (ligand-receptor conformations) characterized by the lowest ligand-receptor intermolecular energy and free energy of binding the ligand type matched the state of the rotamer toggle switch: antagonists maintained an inactive state of the switch, whereas agonists changed it. In case of agonists of @entity1 , the (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers of @entity3 , the molecular dynamics simulations provided evidence of different binding modes while preserving the same average position of ligands in the binding site. The (S,S) isomer was much more labile in the binding site and only one stable @entity2 bond was created. Such dynamical binding modes may also be valid for ligands of cannabinoid receptors because of the hydrophobic nature of their ligand-receptor interactions. However, only very long molecular dynamics simulations could verify the validity of such binding modes and how they affect the process of activation.

title: Modeling of ligand binding to G protein coupled receptors: cannabinoid CB1, CB2 and adrenergic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 of the extremities are very often of great interest for the orthopedist, involving not only bones with length discrepancy, but also joints with @entity5 and @entity3 . METHODS: We describe 4 @entity0 with cutaneous @entity6 in the lower limb and a concomitant knee @entity4 . Like in other @entity4 , the @entity1 is rapidly invasive and leads to progressive damage in the joint if not adequately diagnosed and treated. We treated the 4 @entity0 at different ages, corresponding to different stages of intra-articular involvement. The preoperative management included MRI and diagnostic arthroscopy. All @entity0 underwent an open synovectomy. All our @entity0 were reviewed at a clinical and radiographic follow-up after 10 years. RESULTS: In all @entity0 , the range of motion was improved or at least not worsened after surgery, in spite of a larger extent of cutaneous lesions. X-ray and MRI confirmed clinical data showing no recurrence of the lesion inside the joint and no progression of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes were very good or good in the @entity0 treated early, poorer in the @entity0 operated on at an adult age. The importance of an early and precise diagnosis and of an accurate preoperative planning must be underlined.

title: Synovial involvement in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity13 ( @entity13 ) is a rare @entity3 of infancy and childhood characterized by @entity7 and progressive @entity1 , usually associated with signs and symptoms of @entity6 . There is no biological marker of the disease, and ultimate diagnosis still relies on pathological examination. Features of clinical progression and pathological findings suggest @entity13 to be secondary to a genetically determined disorder of mitochondrial function. We report on four @entity13 @entity0 and focus on their pathological features in brain, liver and muscle. Liver and muscle biopsy specimens were examined using histochemical markers of the oxidative pathways, probes to immunodetect molecules of the apoptotic cascades and electron microscopy. In liver (but not in muscle) biopsy samples, activated caspases were detected by immunohistochemistry: foci of @entity12 -positive cells were seen in a @entity0 affected with chronic, progressive @entity4 . In an 18-year-old @entity0 , who suffered from @entity10 -associated acute @entity5 , @entity8 cells were clustered among the @entity2 foci and the foamy cells. In both @entity0 electron microscopy revealed apoptotic nuclei. Normal muscle biopsy specimens were observed in two @entity0 , 2 and 8 years-old respectively; in the 18-year-old @entity0 cytochrome oxidase-negative fibers as well as ultrastructural findings of mitochondrial abnormalities were observed. In no @entity0 was there biochemical evidence of impaired oxidative metabolism. Neuropathological examination of the brains of two @entity0 (13 months and 19 years old, respectively) showed focal distribution of the lesions affecting the @entity11 cortex and, to a lesser extent, subcortical gray nuclei. Along with the @entity2 lesions, characterized by @entity9 , neuropil microcysts and newly formed vessels, we also observed acutely shrunken neurons and features of apoptotic cell death in the cerebral cortex only. Severe @entity9 without @entity2 features was observed in the cerebellar cortex. The presence of both anoxic and apoptotic nuclei in brain and liver, the target tissues of the disease, is consistent with the hypothesis that abnormal activation of mitochondrion-related cell death pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity13 .

title: Features of cell death in brain and liver, the target tissues of progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood with liver disease ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity13


abstract: The background, rationale, and preliminary results of a phase II trial of @entity3 plus trastuzumab in heavily pretreated metastatic @entity0 @entity1 are presented. @entity3 and trastuzumab both exhibit single-agent activity in previously treated metastatic @entity0 . Preclinical studies of @entity3 and trastuzumab in combination showed additive or synergistic antitumor effects in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines that overexpress @entity4 . A multicenter phase II trial was thus conducted to define the safety and efficacy of @entity3 /trastuzumab in @entity1 previously treated for metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 with measurable metastatic @entity0 whose primary or secondary @entity2 overexpressed @entity4 were eligible for inclusion. @entity3 1,200 mg/m(2) was administered on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Trastuzumab was administered at a loading dose of 4 mg/kg initially, then at 2 mg/kg weekly thereafter. Preliminary analysis of 38 evaluable @entity1 showed that @entity3 /trastuzumab was well tolerated and had significant antitumor activity in this @entity1 population. The study is now concluded, and final analysis of the data is nearing completion. Publication of the results is anticipated in 2003.

title: @entity3 and trastuzumab in metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The background, rationale, and preliminary results of a phase II trial of @entity3 plus trastuzumab in heavily pretreated metastatic @entity0 @entity1 are presented. @entity3 and trastuzumab both exhibit single-agent activity in previously treated metastatic @entity0 . Preclinical studies of @entity3 and trastuzumab in combination showed additive or synergistic antitumor effects in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines that overexpress @entity4 . A multicenter phase II trial was thus conducted to define the safety and efficacy of @entity3 /trastuzumab in @entity1 previously treated for metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 with measurable metastatic @entity0 whose primary or secondary @entity2 overexpressed @entity4 were eligible for inclusion. @entity3 1,200 mg/m(2) was administered on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Trastuzumab was administered at a loading dose of 4 mg/kg initially, then at 2 mg/kg weekly thereafter. Preliminary analysis of 38 evaluable @entity1 showed that @entity3 /trastuzumab was well tolerated and had significant antitumor activity in this @entity1 population. The study is now concluded, and final analysis of the data is nearing completion. Publication of the results is anticipated in 2003.

title: XXXX and trastuzumab in metastatic @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Budding along the invasive margin is reported to be associated with greater malignant potential in @entity2 . We examined the prognostic significance of budding in @entity0 with @entity7 @entity3 , particularly in comparison to other routine pathological findings. METHODS: Surgically resected specimens from 83 well- or moderately-differentiated @entity7 @entity4 were studied. All resections were curative (R0), and the median postoperative follow-up was 47 months. We examined the presence of budding according to Morodomi's criteria, using @entity5 - @entity6 stained sections. RESULTS: Budding was found in 48 @entity0 (57.9%). The incidence of budding was significantly higher in lesions displaying lymphatic invasion and lymph-node @entity1 than in those without (P < 0.0001). Both local recurrence and liver @entity1 were more frequent in @entity0 with budding-positive lesions (P < 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). Moreover, postoperative survival was significantly decreased in @entity0 with budding-positive lesions than in those with budding-negative lesions (cumulative 5-year survival rate were 51.8 and 85.0%, respectively: P < 0.002). Multivariate proportional hazard model revealed that the presence of budding was the only significant co-factor of postoperative survival. CONCLUSIONS: Budding is a pathological marker suggesting high malignant potential and decreased postoperative survival in @entity0 with well- or moderately-differentiated @entity7 @entity4 .

title: Budding as a useful prognostic marker in @entity7 well- or moderately-differentiated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Budding along the invasive margin is reported to be associated with greater malignant potential in @entity2 . We examined the prognostic significance of budding in @entity0 with @entity7 @entity3 , particularly in comparison to other routine pathological findings. METHODS: Surgically resected specimens from 83 well- or moderately-differentiated @entity7 @entity4 were studied. All resections were curative (R0), and the median postoperative follow-up was 47 months. We examined the presence of budding according to Morodomi's criteria, using @entity5 - @entity6 stained sections. RESULTS: Budding was found in 48 @entity0 (57.9%). The incidence of budding was significantly higher in lesions displaying lymphatic invasion and lymph-node @entity1 than in those without (P < 0.0001). Both local recurrence and liver @entity1 were more frequent in @entity0 with budding-positive lesions (P < 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). Moreover, postoperative survival was significantly decreased in @entity0 with budding-positive lesions than in those with budding-negative lesions (cumulative 5-year survival rate were 51.8 and 85.0%, respectively: P < 0.002). Multivariate proportional hazard model revealed that the presence of budding was the only significant co-factor of postoperative survival. CONCLUSIONS: Budding is a pathological marker suggesting high malignant potential and decreased postoperative survival in @entity0 with well- or moderately-differentiated @entity7 @entity4 .

title: Budding as a useful prognostic marker in XXXX well- or moderately-differentiated @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 (RA) is required for germ cell differentiation, the regulation of which gives rise to a constant production of mature sperm. In testes from 3-day postpartum (dpp) RARE-hsplacZ @entity0 , periodic regions positive for beta-galactosidase activity were observed along the length of the seminiferous tubules. Periodicity was abolished by treatment of neonates with exogenous RA at 2 dpp. To assess the consequences, 2-dpp @entity0 were treated with RA, and the long- and short-term effects were assessed. Long-term effects of neonatal RA exposure included a delay in the appearance of advanced germ cells and the absence of a spermatogenic wave (synchronous spermatogenesis) in the adult. In contrast, RA exposure in @entity1 -sufficient adults did not result in synchronous spermatogenesis but rather induced apoptosis in a subset of spermatogonia. Shortly after (24 h) neonates were exposed, altered expression of known germ cell differentiation and the ( @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity7 ) meiosis markers and an increase in the number of @entity5 and @entity6 immunopositive cells were observed relative to those of vehicle controls. However, 48 and 72 h after exposure, a significant reduction in the number of @entity5 and @entity6 immunopositive cells occurred. Immunohistochemical analysis of a marker for apoptosis demonstrated neonatal exposure resulted in increased germ cell apoptosis, as observed in the adult. Additionally, RA exposure resulted in increased @entity3 expression of the RA-degrading enzyme. Thus, while RA treatment of neonatal and adult @entity0 resulted in apoptosis of spermatogonia, synchronous spermatogenesis occurred only after neonatal RA exposure.

title: Exposure to XXXX in the neonatal but not adult @entity0 results in synchronous spermatogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 (RA) is required for germ cell differentiation, the regulation of which gives rise to a constant production of mature sperm. In testes from 3-day postpartum (dpp) RARE-hsplacZ @entity0 , periodic regions positive for beta-galactosidase activity were observed along the length of the seminiferous tubules. Periodicity was abolished by treatment of neonates with exogenous RA at 2 dpp. To assess the consequences, 2-dpp @entity0 were treated with RA, and the long- and short-term effects were assessed. Long-term effects of neonatal RA exposure included a delay in the appearance of advanced germ cells and the absence of a spermatogenic wave (synchronous spermatogenesis) in the adult. In contrast, RA exposure in @entity1 -sufficient adults did not result in synchronous spermatogenesis but rather induced apoptosis in a subset of spermatogonia. Shortly after (24 h) neonates were exposed, altered expression of known germ cell differentiation and the ( @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity7 ) meiosis markers and an increase in the number of @entity5 and @entity6 immunopositive cells were observed relative to those of vehicle controls. However, 48 and 72 h after exposure, a significant reduction in the number of @entity5 and @entity6 immunopositive cells occurred. Immunohistochemical analysis of a marker for apoptosis demonstrated neonatal exposure resulted in increased germ cell apoptosis, as observed in the adult. Additionally, RA exposure resulted in increased @entity3 expression of the RA-degrading enzyme. Thus, while RA treatment of neonatal and adult @entity0 resulted in apoptosis of spermatogonia, synchronous spermatogenesis occurred only after neonatal RA exposure.

title: Exposure to @entity2 in the neonatal but not adult XXXX results in synchronous spermatogenesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Gap junction channels, which are made of connexins, are critical for intercellular communication, a function that may be disrupted in a variety of diseases. We studied the consequences of two @entity1 -associated mutations at adjacent positions at the first extracellular boundary in @entity0 @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity7 and @entity6 . Both of these mutants formed gap junctional plaques when they were expressed in HeLa cells, suggesting that they trafficked to the plasma membrane properly. However, their functional properties differed. Dual two-microelectrode voltage-clamp studies showed that @entity7 did not form functional intercellular channels in paired @entity3 oocytes or hemichannel currents in single oocytes. When @entity7 was coexpressed with wild-type @entity5 , the mutant acted as a dominant negative inhibitor of wild-type function. In contrast, @entity6 formed both functional gap junctional channels and hemichannels. @entity6 exhibited greatly enhanced currents compared with wild-type @entity5 in the presence of physiological @entity2 concentrations. This increase in hemichannel activity persisted when @entity6 was coexpressed with wild-type lens connexins, consistent with a dominant gain of hemichannel function for @entity6 . These data suggest that although these two mutations are in adjacent @entity4 , they have very different effects on connexin function and cause disease by different mechanisms: @entity7 inhibits gap junctional channel function; @entity6 reduces cell viability by forming open hemichannels.

title: Different consequences of XXXX -associated mutations at adjacent positions in the first extracellular boundary of @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Gap junction channels, which are made of connexins, are critical for intercellular communication, a function that may be disrupted in a variety of diseases. We studied the consequences of two @entity1 -associated mutations at adjacent positions at the first extracellular boundary in @entity0 @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity7 and @entity6 . Both of these mutants formed gap junctional plaques when they were expressed in HeLa cells, suggesting that they trafficked to the plasma membrane properly. However, their functional properties differed. Dual two-microelectrode voltage-clamp studies showed that @entity7 did not form functional intercellular channels in paired @entity3 oocytes or hemichannel currents in single oocytes. When @entity7 was coexpressed with wild-type @entity5 , the mutant acted as a dominant negative inhibitor of wild-type function. In contrast, @entity6 formed both functional gap junctional channels and hemichannels. @entity6 exhibited greatly enhanced currents compared with wild-type @entity5 in the presence of physiological @entity2 concentrations. This increase in hemichannel activity persisted when @entity6 was coexpressed with wild-type lens connexins, consistent with a dominant gain of hemichannel function for @entity6 . These data suggest that although these two mutations are in adjacent @entity4 , they have very different effects on connexin function and cause disease by different mechanisms: @entity7 inhibits gap junctional channel function; @entity6 reduces cell viability by forming open hemichannels.

title: Different consequences of @entity1 -associated mutations at adjacent positions in the first extracellular boundary of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The randomized phase II OPUS ( @entity4 and Cetuximab in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic @entity2 ) study showed that @entity1 @entity5 mutation status was predictive for outcome in @entity0 receiving cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 ( @entity4 / @entity6 / @entity7 ) as first-line therapy for metastatic @entity2 (mCRC). @entity0 AND METHODS: The biomarker analysis was extended through the use of additional DNA samples extracted from stained tissue sections. @entity5 and @entity3 @entity1 mutation status was determined for new (and for @entity3 , existing) samples using a PCR technique. Clinical outcome was reassessed according to mutation status. Overall survival data are presented. RESULTS: Of 315 @entity5 evaluable @entity0 samples (93%), 179 @entity1 (57%) were @entity5 wild type. Eleven of 309 (4%) @entity5 / @entity3 evaluable @entity1 (all @entity5 wild type) carried @entity3 mutations. The addition of cetuximab to FOLFOX-4 significantly improved progression-free survival (hazard ratio 0.567, P = 0.0064) and response (odds ratio 2.551, P = 0.0027) in @entity0 with @entity5 wild-type @entity1 . A favorable effect on survival was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the efficacy of cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 in the first-line treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 wild-type mCRC and confirm @entity5 mutation status as an effective predictive biomarker. The small number of @entity1 with @entity3 mutations precluded the drawing of definitive conclusions concerning the predictive or prognostic utility of this biomarker.

title: Efficacy according to biomarker status of cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 as first-line treatment for metastatic XXXX : the OPUS study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 ) is one of the main causes of cervical @entity2 . There is now consistent evidence that @entity4 ) has a causal role in the etiology of @entity2 and that sexual habits and reproductive/hormonal factors are associated with the risk of @entity1 . In our investigation we estimated the frequency of @entity5 in uterine cervix in @entity0 gathered in perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened 90 @entity0 in western Poland to obtain cytological smears, and tested all smears for 33 types of HPV with a polymerase chain reaction-based system. All @entity0 were classified according to age into three groups. RESULTS: @entity5 peaked in the group of 45 to 49 year old (48.5% using universal starters) and decreased in 56 year or olders (26.1% using universal starters) with predominantly non- @entity2 -associated types of HPV and uncharacterized HPV types. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the decline of @entity5 with age. But note increased prevalence after menopause, which could be related to a second peak of HSILs, an observation that warrants further investigation. At least 80% of HPVs involved in cervical @entity3 in this population have been characterized. Polyvalent vaccines including the main @entity2 -associated HPV types may be able to prevent most cases of @entity6 in this region.

title: [Frequency of XXXX of the uterine cervix among perimenopausal @entity0 in Wielkopolska Region].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 ) is one of the main causes of cervical @entity2 . There is now consistent evidence that @entity4 ) has a causal role in the etiology of @entity2 and that sexual habits and reproductive/hormonal factors are associated with the risk of @entity1 . In our investigation we estimated the frequency of @entity5 in uterine cervix in @entity0 gathered in perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened 90 @entity0 in western Poland to obtain cytological smears, and tested all smears for 33 types of HPV with a polymerase chain reaction-based system. All @entity0 were classified according to age into three groups. RESULTS: @entity5 peaked in the group of 45 to 49 year old (48.5% using universal starters) and decreased in 56 year or olders (26.1% using universal starters) with predominantly non- @entity2 -associated types of HPV and uncharacterized HPV types. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the decline of @entity5 with age. But note increased prevalence after menopause, which could be related to a second peak of HSILs, an observation that warrants further investigation. At least 80% of HPVs involved in cervical @entity3 in this population have been characterized. Polyvalent vaccines including the main @entity2 -associated HPV types may be able to prevent most cases of @entity6 in this region.

title: [Frequency of @entity5 of the uterine cervix among perimenopausal XXXX in Wielkopolska Region].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previous studies have indicated that the addition of progestins during sequential hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) causes negative mood and physical symptoms. History of @entity6 , type of progestin, and dose of @entity4 have thus far been shown to influence the progestin-induced adverse mood symptoms during HRT. The aim of this study was to compare adverse mood effects of two different doses of @entity1 , in combination with a progestin, during postmenopausal HRT. Twenty-eight perimenopausal @entity0 were included in this randomized, double-blind, crossover study comparing 2- or 3-mg continuous @entity1 , with an addition of 10 mg @entity7 on d 17-28 during each treatment cycle. The main outcome measures were mood and physical symptoms kept on a daily rating scale. Together with the progestin, the higher dose of @entity3 caused significantly more negative mood symptoms than the lower dose. @entity5 , @entity2 , and depressed mood were all significantly augmented during the progestin phase of cycles with 3 mg @entity1 (P < 0.001). Physical symptoms also increased during the progestin phase of 3-mg @entity1 cycles (P < 0.001), whereas positive mood symptoms were less affected. The only positive mood that changed with @entity3 dose was friendliness, which decreased during the progestin phase of high @entity1 cycles compared with cycles with lower @entity1 (P < 0.05). Our conclusion is that an increase of the @entity3 dose accentuates negative mood and physical symptoms during the progestin phase of sequential hormonal therapy.

title: Increase of XXXX dose deteriorates mood during progestin phase in sequential hormonal therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreases total lymph nodes harvested and possibly affects lymph node staging after total mesorectal excision in @entity0 with @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare staging by lymph node ratio with staging by absolute number of positive lymph nodes. DESIGN: This study is a retrospective cohort review. SETTING: : A tertiary care referral center was the setting for this investigation. @entity0 : A total of 281 consecutive @entity0 who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision after histologically confirmed @entity1 between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008 were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lymph node ratio is the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes within one sample. Risk categories of low (0 to < 0.09); medium (0.09 to < 0.36); and high (>=  0.36) for lymph node ratio were chosen by significance with the use of @entity2 proportional hazards models. These categories were then used in a reclassification table and compared with positive lymph node stage: low (0 positive nodes), medium (1-3 nodes), and high (> 3) by 5-year mortality rates. RESULTS: The majority (87%) of @entity0 were concordant in risk assessment. Thirty @entity0 were downstaged to lower risk lymph node ratio categories without showing actual lower mortality rates. Seven @entity0 were upstaged to a high-risk lymph node ratio category with a supporting higher 5-year mortality rate. When limiting the analysis to those with fewer than 12 nodes, 136 (95%) @entity0 were concordant in risk assessment; all 30 incorrectly downstaged @entity0 were removed, but the 7 correctly upstaged @entity0 remained. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiation before @entity1 surgery frequently have fewer than 12 lymph nodes harvested despite maintaining vigorous surgical standards. Lymph node ratios may provide excellent prognostic value and are possibly a better independent staging method than absolute positive lymph node counts when less than 12 lymph nodes are harvested after neoadjuvant treatment.

title: The prognostic value of lymph node ratio after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this paper is to estimate the changes in health utilization and indirect costs of @entity2 and @entity4 in primary care @entity0 after initiation of mental health treatment. METHOD: This study was conducted in 12 general practices for the primary care of adult populations in Budapest, Hungary. Among 2,000 eligible @entity0 aged 18 to 64 years, 1,815 gave written informed consent to participate in the study. The Hungarian version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) for @entity4 was used to generate @entity1 diagnoses. For all @entity0 , health care utilization data for the previous 12 months was collected including number of visits, specialist consultations, days spent in hospital, sick days in the last year and prescribed medication. Among the first 1,000 attenders, 151 @entity0 were given DIS/DSM-III-R diagnoses of current @entity4 or uncomplicated bereavement. Fifty-one @entity0 who agreed to @entity1 treatment were assigned to the treatment group. After the first 1,000 @entity0 , 75 @entity0 were given DIS diagnoses and were considered as controls. In the treatment group, five psychiatrists administered treatment on an outpatient basis for one year. @entity0 in the control group received as-usual treatment from their primary care physicians. After one year, health care utilization data for the study period was collected. For the purposes of this study, the direct costs considered were limited to health care expenses and the indirect costs were limited to lost workdays. Statistical significance was calculated using a paired-samples T-test procedure comparing the means of two variables for a simple group. RESULTS: In the treatment group, the total cost of prescription drugs increased sharply due to @entity1 drug treatment, thus increasing the direct overall costs of care. In this same group the cost of non- @entity1 drugs showed a 37% decrease, suggesting that a reduction in general medical treatment partially offset the costs of @entity2 and @entity3 treatment. The number of hospital days showed marked decrease in the treatment group and a slight, insignificant increase in the control group. Absenteeism fell sharply in the treatment group (-56%) and in the group of @entity0 who received @entity1 treatment elsewhere (-62%). In the control group, there was a large upturn (+182%) in the number of days spent on sick leave. DISCUSSION: Among primary care @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 , @entity1 treatment led to higher direct costs, but this was offset by a decline in indirect costs due to reduced absenteeism compared with ordinary primary care. LIMITATIONS: @entity0 were not assigned randomly to the different groups because of ethical concerns. There were also significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the groups. Differences in the severity of illness and reasons not attributable to treatment effects may play a role in the change in the rate of service use. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICY: Limiting @entity2 @entity0 access to @entity1 treatment causes an increase in absenteeism, thus resulting in higher indirect costs.

title: Cost-outcome of XXXX treatment intervention in primary care in Hungary.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Through bioassay-guided natural product research, it has been discovered that @entity6 and its glycosides possess an antibone resorption activity. @entity5 derivative of @entity6 (QOA-8a), a novel compound, is sourced from a structural modification of @entity6 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activities of QOA-8a on bone resorption in vitro and its osteoprotective effect in vivo. METHODS: Osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts were used to assay antibone resorption activities in vitro. RAW264.7 cells cultured for 2 days in the presence of the receptor activator for nuclear factor kB ligand were used as osteoclast precursors. Mature osteoclasts were generated from either primary cultures of @entity0 bone marrow-derived macrophages or RAW264.7 cells. Eight-week-old female @entity0 that underwent either ovariectomy or sham surgical operation were used for the evaluation of the osteoprotective effect of QOA-8a at doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1). RESULTS: QOA-8a significantly inhibited the differentiation, formation, and bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts without @entity1 . QOA-8a selectively induced apoptosis at an early stage of mature osteoclasts at least via increasing the @entity3 activity, but not osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, QOA-8a significantly prevented @entity4 in ovariectomized @entity0 without any hormone-like adverse effects, whereas the @entity0 treated with 1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) kept the same bone mineral density level as that of the sham @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: QOA-8a inhibits bone resorption without @entity1 and prevents @entity4 without any hormone-like adverse effects. Although further investigations are necessary to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms, QOA-8a demonstrates great potential as a novel agent for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: XXXX derivative of @entity6 inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and prevents ovariectomy-induced @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Through bioassay-guided natural product research, it has been discovered that @entity6 and its glycosides possess an antibone resorption activity. @entity5 derivative of @entity6 (QOA-8a), a novel compound, is sourced from a structural modification of @entity6 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activities of QOA-8a on bone resorption in vitro and its osteoprotective effect in vivo. METHODS: Osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts were used to assay antibone resorption activities in vitro. RAW264.7 cells cultured for 2 days in the presence of the receptor activator for nuclear factor kB ligand were used as osteoclast precursors. Mature osteoclasts were generated from either primary cultures of @entity0 bone marrow-derived macrophages or RAW264.7 cells. Eight-week-old female @entity0 that underwent either ovariectomy or sham surgical operation were used for the evaluation of the osteoprotective effect of QOA-8a at doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1). RESULTS: QOA-8a significantly inhibited the differentiation, formation, and bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts without @entity1 . QOA-8a selectively induced apoptosis at an early stage of mature osteoclasts at least via increasing the @entity3 activity, but not osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, QOA-8a significantly prevented @entity4 in ovariectomized @entity0 without any hormone-like adverse effects, whereas the @entity0 treated with 1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) kept the same bone mineral density level as that of the sham @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: QOA-8a inhibits bone resorption without @entity1 and prevents @entity4 without any hormone-like adverse effects. Although further investigations are necessary to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms, QOA-8a demonstrates great potential as a novel agent for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: @entity5 derivative of @entity6 inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and prevents ovariectomy-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Through bioassay-guided natural product research, it has been discovered that @entity6 and its glycosides possess an antibone resorption activity. @entity5 derivative of @entity6 (QOA-8a), a novel compound, is sourced from a structural modification of @entity6 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activities of QOA-8a on bone resorption in vitro and its osteoprotective effect in vivo. METHODS: Osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts were used to assay antibone resorption activities in vitro. RAW264.7 cells cultured for 2 days in the presence of the receptor activator for nuclear factor kB ligand were used as osteoclast precursors. Mature osteoclasts were generated from either primary cultures of @entity0 bone marrow-derived macrophages or RAW264.7 cells. Eight-week-old female @entity0 that underwent either ovariectomy or sham surgical operation were used for the evaluation of the osteoprotective effect of QOA-8a at doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1). RESULTS: QOA-8a significantly inhibited the differentiation, formation, and bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts without @entity1 . QOA-8a selectively induced apoptosis at an early stage of mature osteoclasts at least via increasing the @entity3 activity, but not osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, QOA-8a significantly prevented @entity4 in ovariectomized @entity0 without any hormone-like adverse effects, whereas the @entity0 treated with 1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) kept the same bone mineral density level as that of the sham @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: QOA-8a inhibits bone resorption without @entity1 and prevents @entity4 without any hormone-like adverse effects. Although further investigations are necessary to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms, QOA-8a demonstrates great potential as a novel agent for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: @entity5 derivative of XXXX inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and prevents ovariectomy-induced @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial @entity1 caused by severe @entity1 requires many steps of reconstruction and is often associated with disappointing results. The authors report on two clinical cases of facial allografting. METHODS: After a preclinical anatomical study of 10 fresh cadavers, the authors performed allotransplantation of the lower two-thirds of the face in two @entity0 in March and August of 2009. The grafts included all perioral muscles, facial nerves, parotid glands, the anterior region of the maxilla, and part of the mandible. The mandibular osteotomy included only the chin in one case, and the mandibular arch from one angle to the other in the second case. RESULTS: The cadaveric study confirmed that relying only on the anastomoses between the facial and the maxillary artery for vascularization of the posterior part of the maxilla was unsafe. Periosteal vascularization seemed essential. The clinical results confirmed that complete revascularization from a single facial pedicle was possible: the first end-to-end arterial @entity2 to the left external carotid artery was sufficient for full perioperative revascularization of the flap and immediate reestablishment of bilateral venous flow. The facial appearance of both recipients improved gradually, with the development of changes in expression and the appearance of nasolabial folds. Preoperatively placed gastrostomies and tracheostomies were able to be removed in both @entity0 within 6 weeks postoperatively. The procurement part of the operation was performed in 7 hours. CONCLUSION: Partial facial composite tissue allotransplantation of the lower two-thirds of the face along with parts of the maxilla and mandible (chin or entire-toothed mandible) is technically feasible, with a good cosmetic and functional outcome in typical cases of attempted suicide with rifles.

title: The procurement of allotransplants for ballistic XXXX : a preclinical study and a report of two clinical cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: SUMMARY: While dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered the gold standard to evaluate @entity2 risk in vivo, in the present study, the quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-based finite element modeling has been found to provide a quantitative and significantly improved prediction of vertebral strength in vitro. This technique might be used in vivo considering however the much larger doses of radiation needed for QCT. INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is a common medical problem in osteoporotic individuals. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is the gold standard measure to evaluate @entity2 risk in vivo. QCT-based finite element ( @entity3 ) modeling is an engineering method to predict vertebral strength. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of @entity3 and clinical diagnostic tools to predict vertebral strength in vitro using an improved testing protocol. METHODS: Thirty-seven vertebral sections were scanned with QCT and high resolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT). Bone mineral content (BMC), total @entity1 (tBMD), areal @entity1 from lateral (aBMD-lat), and anterior-posterior (aBMD-ap) projections were evaluated for both resolutions. Wedge-shaped @entity2 were then induced in each specimen with a novel testing setup. Nonlinear homogenized @entity3 models ( @entity3 ) and linear micro- @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were generated from QCT and HR-pQCT images, respectively. For experiments and models, both structural properties (stiffness, ultimate load) and material properties (apparent modulus and strength) were computed and compared. RESULTS: Both @entity3 and  @entity3 models predicted material properties better than structural ones and predicted strength significantly better than aBMD computed from QCT and HR-pQCT ( @entity3 : R     =   0.79,  @entity3 : R     =   0.88, aBMD-ap: R     =   0.48-0.47, aBMD-lat: R     =   0.41-0.43). Moreover, the @entity3 provided reasonable quantitative estimations of the experimental mechanical properties without fitting the model parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The QCT-based @entity3 method provides a quantitative and significantly improved prediction of vertebral strength in vitro when compared to simulated DXA. This superior predictive power needs to be verified for loading conditions that simulate even more the in vivo case for @entity0 vertebrae.

title: QCT-based finite element models predict XXXX vertebral strength in vitro significantly better than simulated DEXA.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the assessment of severity in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), the modified British @entity5 Society (mBTS) rule identifies @entity0 with severe @entity1 but not @entity0 who might be suitable for home management. A multicentre study was conducted to derive and validate a practical severity assessment model for stratifying adults hospitalised with @entity2 into different management groups. METHODS: Data from three prospective studies of @entity2 conducted in the UK, New Zealand, and the Netherlands were combined. A derivation cohort comprising 80% of the data was used to develop the model. Prognostic variables were identified using multiple logistic regression with 30 day mortality as the outcome measure. The final model was tested against the validation cohort. RESULTS: 1068 @entity0 were studied (mean age 64 years, 51.5% male, 30 day mortality 9%). Age >/=65 years (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 8.0) and albumin <30 g/dl (OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.5 to 8.7) were independently associated with mortality over and above the mBTS rule (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.7 to 10). A six point score, one point for each of @entity3 , Urea >7 mmol/l, Respiratory rate >/=30/min, low systolic(<90 mm Hg) or diastolic (</=60 mm Hg) Blood pressure), age >/=65 years (CURB-65 score) based on information available at initial hospital assessment, enabled @entity0 to be stratified according to increasing risk of mortality: score 0, 0.7%; score 1, 3.2%; score 2, 3%; score 3, 17%; score 4, 41.5% and score 5, 57%. The validation cohort confirmed a similar pattern. CONCLUSIONS: A simple six point score based on @entity3 , @entity4 , respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age can be used to stratify @entity0 with @entity2 into different management groups.

title: Defining XXXX severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to carry out a community survey on schistosomiais and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in order to suggest feasible and effective intervention strategies in Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. A total of 37 communities selected from 23 districts of the 4 regions in the Lake Victoria basin of Tanzania were involved in the study. From each of the selected locality, 50 adult community members, 25 males and 25 females, were recruited for the study. Each study @entity0 was requested to submit stool and urine specimens. From each stool specimen, duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears were prepared and microscopically examined for @entity1 and STH eggs. Urine specimens were processed by the filtration technique and microscopically examined for @entity6 eggs. Ultrasound examination for morbidity due to @entity4 was performed. Mass treatment was done using @entity3 and @entity5 for schistosome and STHs infections, respectively. Out of 1,606 adults who provided stool specimens, 199 (12.4%) were positive for @entity2 , 349 (21.7%) for hookworms, 133 (8.3%) for @entity7 , and 33 (2.0%) for @entity8 . Out of 1,400 @entity0 who provided urine specimens, 25 (1.8%) were positive for @entity6 eggs. Because of the co-endemicity of these afflictions and their impact on vulnerable population groups, the @entity9 could be simultaneously treated with 2 drugs, @entity3 for @entity4 and @entity5 for STHs.

title: Prevalence of Schistosomes and Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Morbidity Associated with XXXX among Adult Population in Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 is considered as an important risk factor for bad obstetric history (BOH) and one of the major causes of congenitally acquired infections. The present study aimed to estimate the seropositivity of @entity1 infection and associated risk factors among the attendees of high risk pregnancy and low risk antenatal care clinic of Minia Maternity and Pediatric University Hospital, Minia, Egypt. The study was carried out from April 2013 to April 2014 through 2 phases, the first phase was case-control study, and the second phase was follow-up with intervention. A total of 120 high risk pregnant and 120 normal pregnant females were submitted to clinical examinations, serological screening for anti- @entity1 IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA, and an interview questionnaire. Seropositive cases were subjected to @entity3 course treatment. The results showed that the seroprevalence of @entity2 in high-risk pregnancy group was 50.8%, which was significantly different from that of normal pregnancy group (P<0.05). Analysis of seropositive @entity0 in relation to BOH showed that abortion was the commonest form of the pregnancy wastage (56.5%). The high prevalence of @entity1 seropositive cases was observed in the age group of 21-30 years. Post-delivery adverse outcome was observed in 80.3% of high-risk pregnancy group compared to 20% of normal pregnancy group. There was a statistically significant relationship between seropositivity and living in rural area, low socioeconomic level, and undercooked meat consumption (P<0.05). Serological screening for anti- @entity1 antibodies should be routine tests especially among high-risk pregnant @entity0 .

title: Seropositivity of XXXX in Pregnant @entity0 by ELISA at Minia University Hospital, Egypt.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is considered as an important risk factor for bad obstetric history (BOH) and one of the major causes of congenitally acquired infections. The present study aimed to estimate the seropositivity of @entity1 infection and associated risk factors among the attendees of high risk pregnancy and low risk antenatal care clinic of Minia Maternity and Pediatric University Hospital, Minia, Egypt. The study was carried out from April 2013 to April 2014 through 2 phases, the first phase was case-control study, and the second phase was follow-up with intervention. A total of 120 high risk pregnant and 120 normal pregnant females were submitted to clinical examinations, serological screening for anti- @entity1 IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA, and an interview questionnaire. Seropositive cases were subjected to @entity3 course treatment. The results showed that the seroprevalence of @entity2 in high-risk pregnancy group was 50.8%, which was significantly different from that of normal pregnancy group (P<0.05). Analysis of seropositive @entity0 in relation to BOH showed that abortion was the commonest form of the pregnancy wastage (56.5%). The high prevalence of @entity1 seropositive cases was observed in the age group of 21-30 years. Post-delivery adverse outcome was observed in 80.3% of high-risk pregnancy group compared to 20% of normal pregnancy group. There was a statistically significant relationship between seropositivity and living in rural area, low socioeconomic level, and undercooked meat consumption (P<0.05). Serological screening for anti- @entity1 antibodies should be routine tests especially among high-risk pregnant @entity0 .

title: Seropositivity of @entity2 in Pregnant XXXX by ELISA at Minia University Hospital, Egypt.

answer: @entity0