abstract: In vitro studies using immortalized GT1 cells suggest that hypothalamic astrocytes employ @entity2 to directly regulate the secretion of @entity1 , the neurohormone that controls sexual maturation and adult reproductive function. However, whether such astrocyte- @entity1 neuron signaling occurs in vivo is not clear. In the present study, we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to determine whether astrocytes and @entity1 neurons express the molecular components necessary to set in motion communication processes involving @entity2 signaling. Double-labeling experiments showed that astrocytes in the male @entity0 preoptic region (POA) expressed @entity2 mRNA and that @entity1 perikarya were often found in close association with @entity2 mRNA-expressing cells. In addition, @entity1 neuronal cell bodies in the POA expressed both type II TGFbeta receptors (TGFbeta-RII), which selectively bind TGFbeta, and @entity3 , one of the primary transducers of TGFbeta signaling, suggesting that they are fully capable of responding directly to @entity2 stimulation. Consistent with this hypothesis, incubation of POA explants with @entity2 caused a significant, dose-dependent decrease in @entity1 mRNA expression in individual neurons. This effect was observed within 1 h after @entity2 -treatment and was inhibited by addition of the soluble form of TGFbeta-RII to the incubation medium. In contrast, whereas both @entity2 and TGFbeta-RII mRNAs were abundantly expressed in both glial cells and capillaries in the median eminence, the projection field of @entity1 neurons, TGFbeta-RII immunoreactivity was mainly restricted to the processes of tanycytes and did not colocalize with @entity1 -immunoreactive fibers. This observation supports previous in vivo studies showing that @entity2 is unable to directly modulate decapeptide release from @entity1 nerve terminals. Thus, astrocyte-derived @entity2 may directly influence @entity1 expression and/or secretion in vivo by acting on the perikarya, but not the terminals, of @entity1 neurons.

title: XXXX may directly influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the @entity0 hypothalamus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vitro studies using immortalized GT1 cells suggest that hypothalamic astrocytes employ @entity2 to directly regulate the secretion of @entity1 , the neurohormone that controls sexual maturation and adult reproductive function. However, whether such astrocyte- @entity1 neuron signaling occurs in vivo is not clear. In the present study, we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to determine whether astrocytes and @entity1 neurons express the molecular components necessary to set in motion communication processes involving @entity2 signaling. Double-labeling experiments showed that astrocytes in the male @entity0 preoptic region (POA) expressed @entity2 mRNA and that @entity1 perikarya were often found in close association with @entity2 mRNA-expressing cells. In addition, @entity1 neuronal cell bodies in the POA expressed both type II TGFbeta receptors (TGFbeta-RII), which selectively bind TGFbeta, and @entity3 , one of the primary transducers of TGFbeta signaling, suggesting that they are fully capable of responding directly to @entity2 stimulation. Consistent with this hypothesis, incubation of POA explants with @entity2 caused a significant, dose-dependent decrease in @entity1 mRNA expression in individual neurons. This effect was observed within 1 h after @entity2 -treatment and was inhibited by addition of the soluble form of TGFbeta-RII to the incubation medium. In contrast, whereas both @entity2 and TGFbeta-RII mRNAs were abundantly expressed in both glial cells and capillaries in the median eminence, the projection field of @entity1 neurons, TGFbeta-RII immunoreactivity was mainly restricted to the processes of tanycytes and did not colocalize with @entity1 -immunoreactive fibers. This observation supports previous in vivo studies showing that @entity2 is unable to directly modulate decapeptide release from @entity1 nerve terminals. Thus, astrocyte-derived @entity2 may directly influence @entity1 expression and/or secretion in vivo by acting on the perikarya, but not the terminals, of @entity1 neurons.

title: @entity2 may directly influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the XXXX hypothalamus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: To study the possible work related reasons for the increased incidence of many @entity1 among seafarers. METHODS: A case-control study, nested in a cohort of all male seafarers (n = 30 940) who, according to the files of the Seamen's Pension Fund, had worked on board Finnish ships for any time during the period 1960-80. Cases of @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity3 , and all cases histologically defined as @entity5 were identified from the Finnish @entity1 Registry in 1967-92. The preceding numbers of years at sea in various occupational categories were collected according to the type of @entity6 (dry cargo @entity6 , tanker, passenger vessel, icebreaker, other vessel). RESULTS: The incidence for @entity0 among engine crew increased with the increase in employment time, the odds ratio (OR) after three years being 1.68 (95% CI 1.17 to 2.41). The OR of @entity0 for deck officers was 0.42 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.61). Deck personnel on icebreakers had a significantly increased risk of @entity0 > or =20 years after first employment (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.23 to 9.49). The OR for @entity5 among engine crew with a latency of 20 years was 9.75 (95% CI 1.88 to 50.6). The OR for @entity2 among deck officers after three years employment was 2.15 (95% CI 1.14 to 4.08), but there was no increase by employment time or by latency. A rise of OR for @entity3 was detected among deck personnel on tankers, if the employment had lasted over three years (OR 2.78, 95% CI 0.98 to 7.92). The risk pattern for @entity4 was similar to that of @entity3 , the OR among deck personnel on tankers varying from 2.26 (95% CI 1.01 to 5.06) to 6.86 (95% CI 1.62 to 28.8) depending on the length of employment. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that occupational exposures of deck crews on tankers add to their risk of @entity2 , @entity4 , and possibly @entity3 . Engine crews have an asbestos related risk of @entity5 , and the engine room conditions also seem to increase risk of @entity0 .

title: XXXX at sea: a case-control study among male Finnish seafarers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The biological function of uterine endometrial secretory proteins in the primate remain to be elucidated. In general, during the luteal phase and under @entity0 dominance, the glandular epithelial cells synthesize and secrete a number of proteins. Of these, placental protein 14 (PP14; now referred to as glycodelin) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are the best characterized. Although induced by @entity0 , their synthesis increases exponentially during pregnancy. In the @entity1 , glycodelin is immunolocalized to the mid functionalis and basal glands between days 10 and 12 post-ovulation. In response to either exogenous or blastocyst-secreted chorionic gonadotrophin, glandular synthesis increases markedly and remains elevated up to days 18-25 of pregnancy. The decrease in glycodelin in the endometrium is associated with glandular regression during the first third of pregnancy. In contrast, @entity2 is only observed in the deep basal glands during the luteal phase. Following the establishment of pregnancy, @entity2 synthesis switches from glandular to stromal and is correlated with the process of decidualization. @entity2 synthesis continues to increase throughout gestation. We propose that glycodelin may have immunosuppressive properties and that @entity2 may regulate trophoblast migration within the uterine endometrium.

title: Secretory proteins of the XXXX ( @entity1 ) endometrium: regulation during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The biological function of uterine endometrial secretory proteins in the primate remain to be elucidated. In general, during the luteal phase and under @entity0 dominance, the glandular epithelial cells synthesize and secrete a number of proteins. Of these, placental protein 14 (PP14; now referred to as glycodelin) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are the best characterized. Although induced by @entity0 , their synthesis increases exponentially during pregnancy. In the @entity1 , glycodelin is immunolocalized to the mid functionalis and basal glands between days 10 and 12 post-ovulation. In response to either exogenous or blastocyst-secreted chorionic gonadotrophin, glandular synthesis increases markedly and remains elevated up to days 18-25 of pregnancy. The decrease in glycodelin in the endometrium is associated with glandular regression during the first third of pregnancy. In contrast, @entity2 is only observed in the deep basal glands during the luteal phase. Following the establishment of pregnancy, @entity2 synthesis switches from glandular to stromal and is correlated with the process of decidualization. @entity2 synthesis continues to increase throughout gestation. We propose that glycodelin may have immunosuppressive properties and that @entity2 may regulate trophoblast migration within the uterine endometrium.

title: Secretory proteins of the @entity1 ( XXXX ) endometrium: regulation during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The current study evaluated efficacy of the intravenous @entity2 injection test as a new diagnostic approach to clarify the existence of @entity3 , which often goes undetected with routine testing. Twenty-six @entity0 with hypergastrinemia were studied. For the @entity2 injection test, blood samples were taken from 12 @entity0 with hypergastrinemia (HG), and three healthy volunteers, and one @entity0 with nonfunctioning @entity6 in the pancreas (control). We compared results of the @entity2 injection test with those of the secretin test and the selective arterial secretagogue injection (SASI) test. The SASI test with @entity7 was performed in 24 of 26 @entity0 with hypergastrinemia, including 22 of 24 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Accuracy in the diagnosis of @entity1 localization by the SASI test was 95% (21 of 22) in @entity5 @entity0 . The secretin test was negative in 3 of 21 @entity0 with @entity5 (14%). Either the secretin test or the SASI test was positive in 22 of 23 @entity0 (96%). The @entity2 injection test was administered to 12 @entity0 in the HG group and 4 controls. The HG group showed significantly higher serum @entity4 levels than those of the control group in the @entity2 injection test. Eight of 10 @entity5 @entity0 (80%) had a positive @entity2 injection test. We could diagnose @entity3 in 100% of @entity5 @entity0 by either the @entity2 injection test or the secretin test. We have thus confirmed the efficacy of the intravenous @entity2 injection test in the diagnosis of @entity3 . The @entity2 injection test could become an adjunct in the diagnosis of @entity3 , which often goes undetected with routine testing.

title: Intravenous @entity2 injection test is a novel complementary procedure in differential diagnosis for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The current study evaluated efficacy of the intravenous @entity2 injection test as a new diagnostic approach to clarify the existence of @entity3 , which often goes undetected with routine testing. Twenty-six @entity0 with hypergastrinemia were studied. For the @entity2 injection test, blood samples were taken from 12 @entity0 with hypergastrinemia (HG), and three healthy volunteers, and one @entity0 with nonfunctioning @entity6 in the pancreas (control). We compared results of the @entity2 injection test with those of the secretin test and the selective arterial secretagogue injection (SASI) test. The SASI test with @entity7 was performed in 24 of 26 @entity0 with hypergastrinemia, including 22 of 24 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Accuracy in the diagnosis of @entity1 localization by the SASI test was 95% (21 of 22) in @entity5 @entity0 . The secretin test was negative in 3 of 21 @entity0 with @entity5 (14%). Either the secretin test or the SASI test was positive in 22 of 23 @entity0 (96%). The @entity2 injection test was administered to 12 @entity0 in the HG group and 4 controls. The HG group showed significantly higher serum @entity4 levels than those of the control group in the @entity2 injection test. Eight of 10 @entity5 @entity0 (80%) had a positive @entity2 injection test. We could diagnose @entity3 in 100% of @entity5 @entity0 by either the @entity2 injection test or the secretin test. We have thus confirmed the efficacy of the intravenous @entity2 injection test in the diagnosis of @entity3 . The @entity2 injection test could become an adjunct in the diagnosis of @entity3 , which often goes undetected with routine testing.

title: Intravenous XXXX injection test is a novel complementary procedure in differential diagnosis for @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify a safe and potentially effective recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor ( @entity6 ) dose for further clinical evaluation in @entity0 with severe @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation, multicenter, multinational phase II clinical trial. SETTING: Thirty-eight intensive care units in the United States and Europe. @entity0 : Two hundred and ten subjects with severe @entity3 who received standard supportive care and antimicrobial therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects received a continuous intravenous infusion of placebo or @entity6 at 0.025 or 0.05 mg/kg/hr for 4 days (96 hrs). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were no significant imbalances in demographics, severity of illness, or source of @entity2 in @entity0 randomized to placebo or either dose of @entity6 . A 20% relative reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed when all @entity6 -treated @entity0 were compared with all placebo @entity0 . An improvement in pulmonary organ dysfunction score and in a composite intensive care unit score (pulmonary, cardiovascular, and coagulation) were also noted in the @entity6 -treated @entity0 . Logistic regression modeling indicated a substantial treatment by baseline laboratory international normalized ratio (INR) interaction effect when only treatment and INR were in the model (p =.037) and when baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and log10 interleukin 6 were adjusted for (p =.026). This interaction effect indicates that higher baseline INR is associated with a more pronounced beneficial @entity6 effect. There was no increase in mortality in subjects treated with either dose of @entity6 compared with placebo. Biological activity, as detected by a statistically significant reduction in thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TATc), was noted in the all @entity6 -treated @entity0 compared with those receiving placebo. There were no major imbalances across all treatment groups with respect to safety. The frequency of adverse events (AEs) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was similar among the treatment groups, with a slight increase in @entity1 and @entity1 involving @entity4 in the 0.05 mg/kg/hr @entity6 group. The overall incidence of AEs involving @entity4 was 28% of @entity0 in the all placebo group and 23% of @entity0 in the all @entity6 -treated group; a slight but statistically insignificant increase in incidence of @entity1 involving @entity4 was observed in the all @entity6 group (9%) as compared with the all placebo group (6%; p =.39). CONCLUSIONS: Although the trial was not powered to show efficacy, a trend toward reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed in the all @entity6 group compared with all placebo. This study demonstrates that @entity6 doses of 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg/hr could be safely administered to severe @entity3 @entity0 . Additionally, @entity6 demonstrated bioactivity, as shown by reduction in TATc complexes and @entity5 levels. These findings warrant further evaluation of @entity6 in an adequately powered, placebo controlled, randomized trial for the treatment of severe @entity3 .

title: Assessment of the safety of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in @entity0 with severe XXXX : a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose escalation study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify a safe and potentially effective recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor ( @entity6 ) dose for further clinical evaluation in @entity0 with severe @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation, multicenter, multinational phase II clinical trial. SETTING: Thirty-eight intensive care units in the United States and Europe. @entity0 : Two hundred and ten subjects with severe @entity3 who received standard supportive care and antimicrobial therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects received a continuous intravenous infusion of placebo or @entity6 at 0.025 or 0.05 mg/kg/hr for 4 days (96 hrs). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were no significant imbalances in demographics, severity of illness, or source of @entity2 in @entity0 randomized to placebo or either dose of @entity6 . A 20% relative reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed when all @entity6 -treated @entity0 were compared with all placebo @entity0 . An improvement in pulmonary organ dysfunction score and in a composite intensive care unit score (pulmonary, cardiovascular, and coagulation) were also noted in the @entity6 -treated @entity0 . Logistic regression modeling indicated a substantial treatment by baseline laboratory international normalized ratio (INR) interaction effect when only treatment and INR were in the model (p =.037) and when baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and log10 interleukin 6 were adjusted for (p =.026). This interaction effect indicates that higher baseline INR is associated with a more pronounced beneficial @entity6 effect. There was no increase in mortality in subjects treated with either dose of @entity6 compared with placebo. Biological activity, as detected by a statistically significant reduction in thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TATc), was noted in the all @entity6 -treated @entity0 compared with those receiving placebo. There were no major imbalances across all treatment groups with respect to safety. The frequency of adverse events (AEs) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was similar among the treatment groups, with a slight increase in @entity1 and @entity1 involving @entity4 in the 0.05 mg/kg/hr @entity6 group. The overall incidence of AEs involving @entity4 was 28% of @entity0 in the all placebo group and 23% of @entity0 in the all @entity6 -treated group; a slight but statistically insignificant increase in incidence of @entity1 involving @entity4 was observed in the all @entity6 group (9%) as compared with the all placebo group (6%; p =.39). CONCLUSIONS: Although the trial was not powered to show efficacy, a trend toward reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed in the all @entity6 group compared with all placebo. This study demonstrates that @entity6 doses of 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg/hr could be safely administered to severe @entity3 @entity0 . Additionally, @entity6 demonstrated bioactivity, as shown by reduction in TATc complexes and @entity5 levels. These findings warrant further evaluation of @entity6 in an adequately powered, placebo controlled, randomized trial for the treatment of severe @entity3 .

title: Assessment of the safety of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in XXXX with severe @entity3 : a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose escalation study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity4 involves multiple and interactive effects of genes and environmental factors. To identify chromosomal regions encoding genes possibly predisposing to the @entity4 , we performed a genome-wide scan with 456 white and 217 black @entity0 from 204 nuclear families of the HERITAGE Family Study, using regression-based, single- and multipoint linkage analyses on 509 markers. A principal component analysis was performed on 7 @entity4 -related phenotypes. Two principal components, @entity5 and @entity6 (55% of the variance), were used as @entity4 phenotypes. ANOVA was used to quantify the familial aggregation of @entity5 and @entity6 . Family membership contributed significantly (P < 0.0023) to the variance in @entity5 (r(2) = 0.38 in whites; r(2) = 0.55 in blacks) and @entity6 (r(2) = 0.51; r(2) = 0.48). In whites, promising evidence for linkage (P < 0.0023) was found for @entity5 (2 markers on 10p11.2) and @entity6 (a marker on 19q13.4). Suggestive evidence of linkage (0.01 > P > 0.0023) appeared for @entity5 (1q41 and 9p13.1) and @entity6 (2p22.3). In blacks, promising linkage was found for @entity6 on 1p34.1, and suggestive linkage was found on 7q31.3 and 9q21.1. The genome-wide scan revealed evidence for quantitative trait loci on chromosomal regions that have been previously linked with individual @entity2 and @entity3 2 @entity1 risk factors. Some of these chromosomal regions harbor promising potential candidate genes.

title: Genome-wide linkage scan for the XXXX in the HERITAGE Family Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adequate proximal neck length is important for proper endovascular treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Placement of endografts in @entity6 with relatively short proximal necks may require covering the origin of accessory renal arteries. Exclusion of these arteries carries the theoretical concern of regional @entity1 associated with loss of parenchyma or worsening @entity2 . We reviewed our experience with accessory renal exclusions during @entity9 repair to determine the frequency and severity of complications. METHODS: Complete records were available for review on 311 of 325 consecutive @entity0 treated with endovascular grafts for @entity6 from February 6, 1996, to March 15, 2001. The presence of accessory renal arteries was ascertained from preoperative/intraoperative aortography or from computed tomographic scanning. Sizes of the accessories were measured by using the main renal arteries as a reference. Considerations for excluding the accessory renal arteries were based on the likelihood of successful proximal attachment to healthy aorta, an accessory vessel whose size does not exceed the diameter of the main renal artery, and the absence of @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 11.5 months. Fifty-two accessory renal arteries were documented in 37 @entity0 (12%), ranging from 1 to > or =3 per @entity0 . Of these, 26 accessory renal arteries were covered in 24 @entity0 . @entity0 ranged in age from 57 to 85 years (mean, 74.1 years), with 20 @entity0 and 4 @entity0 . The Ancure device was used in 23 @entity0 and the Excluder device in one. Of the accessories excluded, 22 originated above the @entity4 and 4 originated directly from the @entity4 itself. There were no perioperative mortalities. One @entity0 died 5 months after surgery from an unrelated condition. There was one type I (distal) endoleak and no @entity7 . Five @entity0 (21%) had @entity8 associated with the side of @entity1 . Only one @entity0 with segmental @entity8 had significant postoperative @entity2 that resulted in changes in blood pressure medication. The blood pressure reverted to normal 3 months later. One @entity0 with a stenotic left main renal artery required exclusion of the @entity1 for successful proximal attachment. Serum @entity5 levels remained unchanged throughout follow-up in all but one @entity0 , in whom progressive @entity3 developed despite normal renal flow scan, presumably from intraoperative manipulation and contrast @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Exclusion of accessory renal arteries to facilitate @entity9 repair appears to be well tolerated. Long-term sequelae seem infrequent and mild.

title: Exclusion of accessory renal arteries during endovascular repair of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Endovascular repair of @entity3 may be limited by extension of the @entity3 to the iliac bifurcation, necessitating endpoint implantation in the external iliac artery. In such cases the circulation to the internal iliac artery is interrupted. Bilateral internal iliac artery occlusion during endovascular repair may be associated with significant morbidity, including @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity1 of the sigmoid colon and perineum. We have employed internal iliac artery revascularization (IIR) to allow endograft implantation in the external iliac artery while preserving flow to the internal iliac artery in @entity0 with @entity3 involving the iliac bifurcation bilaterally. METHODS: A total of 11 IIR procedures were performed in 10 @entity0 undergoing @entity6 ( @entity6 ) repair (9 @entity0 , 1 @entity0 ; mean age, 74 years). IIR was accomplished via a retroinguinal incision in 9 cases and a retroperitoneal incision in 2 cases. Six-mm polyester grafts were used for external-to-internal iliac artery bypass in 10 cases and internal iliac artery transposition onto the external iliac artery was used in one case. @entity6 repair was performed using a modular bifurcated device (Talent-LPS, Medtronics, Minneapolis, Minn) after IIR. Bypass graft patency was determined immediately after the surgery, at 1 month, and every 3 months thereafter, using duplex ultrasound scanning and computed-tomography angiography. Mean @entity3 diameters were as follows: @entity6 , 6.4 +/- 0.7 cm; ipsilateral common iliac, 3.7 +/- 1.0 cm; contralateral common iliac, 3.9 +/- 0.8 cm. RESULTS: Successful IIR and @entity6 repair were accomplished in all cases. No proximal, distal, or graft junction @entity8 occurred. Two @entity0 demonstrated retrograde @entity3 originating from the lumbar arteries. One thrombosed spontaneously within 3 months. One perioperative @entity4 occurred. Reduction in @entity3 size was documented in 5 aortic, 5 ipsilateral iliac, and 3 contralateral @entity7 . @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity1 , and mortality did not occur. All IIRs have remained patent during a follow-up period of 4 to 15 months (mean, 10.1 months). CONCLUSIONS: IIR may be used with good short-term to intermediate-term patency to prevent @entity1 in @entity0 whose @entity3 anatomy requires extension of the endograft into the external iliac artery. This may allow @entity6 repair to be performed in @entity0 who might otherwise be at risk for developing complications associated with bilateral internal iliac artery occlusion.

title: Internal iliac artery revascularization as an adjunct to endovascular repair of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: After ovulation, ovarian @entity2 dehydrogenase type II ( @entity7 ) expression increases to enhance the shift of steroidogenesis toward @entity1 biosynthesis. @entity6 ) is a transcription factor for several genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. However, the level of @entity6 expression decreases in the @entity0 corpus luteum (CL) after ovulation. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is another member of the orphan nuclear receptor family. We hypothesize that @entity3 , rather than @entity6 , plays an essential role in the regulation of corpus luteum steroidogenesis. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR were performed to quantify the level of @entity3 expression and correlate with @entity7 level. Cell transfection, mutation analysis, and EMSA were performed to examine the role of @entity3 in the regulation of @entity7 . @entity3 expression was higher in CL, compared with mature ovarian follicles. Cotransfection of granulosa cells with @entity7 and @entity3 resulted in a 10-fold increase of transcription. @entity4 inhibited @entity3 -stimulated @entity7 , which was maintained in the presence of @entity5 . Mutation of the either of the two putative @entity3 binding sites, which were confirmed by EMSA, in the @entity7 promoter decreased @entity3 stimulation. Our findings suggest that @entity3 is highly expressed in CL, and it plays an essential role in the regulation of @entity7 .

title: The role of the orphan nuclear receptor, liver receptor homologue-1, in the regulation of @entity0 corpus luteum XXXX dehydrogenase type II.

answer: @entity2


abstract: After ovulation, ovarian @entity2 dehydrogenase type II ( @entity7 ) expression increases to enhance the shift of steroidogenesis toward @entity1 biosynthesis. @entity6 ) is a transcription factor for several genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. However, the level of @entity6 expression decreases in the @entity0 corpus luteum (CL) after ovulation. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is another member of the orphan nuclear receptor family. We hypothesize that @entity3 , rather than @entity6 , plays an essential role in the regulation of corpus luteum steroidogenesis. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR were performed to quantify the level of @entity3 expression and correlate with @entity7 level. Cell transfection, mutation analysis, and EMSA were performed to examine the role of @entity3 in the regulation of @entity7 . @entity3 expression was higher in CL, compared with mature ovarian follicles. Cotransfection of granulosa cells with @entity7 and @entity3 resulted in a 10-fold increase of transcription. @entity4 inhibited @entity3 -stimulated @entity7 , which was maintained in the presence of @entity5 . Mutation of the either of the two putative @entity3 binding sites, which were confirmed by EMSA, in the @entity7 promoter decreased @entity3 stimulation. Our findings suggest that @entity3 is highly expressed in CL, and it plays an essential role in the regulation of @entity7 .

title: The role of the orphan nuclear receptor, liver receptor homologue-1, in the regulation of XXXX corpus luteum @entity2 dehydrogenase type II.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study investigated response rate, @entity2 , and influence on intra- and postoperative complications of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation in locally advanced (Figo @entity13 ) cervical @entity3 . Twenty-eight @entity0 (median age 46.5 years, age range 29-73 years), diagnosed as having @entity9 (n=21), @entity6 (n=6), and undifferentiated @entity3 (n=1), entered this study. The chemoradiation protocol included external radiotherapy to the pelvis (39.6 Gy), intra-arterial or intravenous infusion of @entity8 (70 mg/m2 on days 1 and 22), and 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion of @entity11 (700 mg/m2 on days 1-4 and 22-25). Two weeks after the end of chemoradiotherapy, the @entity0 underwent restaging followed by suitable operation including pelvic lymphadenectomy. The median follow-up period in the surviving @entity0 was 13.1 months. The response rate for chemoradiation was 93% (26/28). The 2-year disease free survival was 85.2%. Grade 3-4 @entity10 was observed in 14 @entity0 (50%), 4 @entity0 (14%) showed grade 3 @entity5 , and 5 @entity0 (17.8%) showed grade 3-4 @entity7 . Nineteen @entity0 (67.8%) could undergo surgery after concurrent chemoradiation. Pathological examination revealed a complete response (pT0) in 7 @entity0 , and 5 @entity0 showed only microscopic @entity1 (pTmic). In 4 @entity0 , there were intraoperative complications: vesical lesions in 2 (10%) and small intestine lesions in 2 (10%). Neoadjuvant therapy with concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced @entity12 is effective, safe, and useful for increasing operability rates as well as @entity4 . Therefore, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation should be considered for treatment in @entity0 with locally advanced cervical @entity3 who could not undergo primary operation.

title: Usefulness of preoperative chemoradiation in locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: Conventional transcatheter-based strategies result in good procedural success but poor clinical outcome in the treatment of intracoronary stent @entity2 . A combined approach of mechanical thrombus burden reduction using AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy with adjunctive glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists has not been studied. Between July 1998 and August 2000, 15 @entity0 (17 procedures) underwent AngioJet thrombectomy for stent @entity2 at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. @entity0 were followed clinically through 6 months following the AngioJet procedure. All @entity0 presented with signs of @entity1 at a median of 6 days following the original stenting procedure. Most vessels (88%) were occluded at presentation. A @entity3 /IIIa inhibitor was administered during 16 of the 17 procedures. Rheolytic thrombectomy resulted in complete removal of filling defects in all reviewed cases and led to significant improvement in lumen diameter and TIMI flow with reduction in the @entity4 length (all P values < 0.05). Angiographic success (< 30% residual stenosis, TIMI 3 flow) was attained in all but one procedure. No @entity0 required emergent coronary bypass grafting, repeat coronary angioplasty, or died in-hospital. At 6 months, there were no deaths and repeat revascularization was performed in four @entity0 (29%). A combined approach of rheolytic thrombectomy with adjunctive @entity3 /IIIa blockade was highly effective in resolving stent @entity2 and was associated with favorable acute and long-term outcomes.

title: Rheolytic thrombectomy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade for stent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The gross extent of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a recognized risk factor for the development of @entity6 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The risk of @entity1 associated with the microscopic extent of @entity6 is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the gross and microscopic extent of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity3 -related @entity4 / @entity2 . METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent colectomy at our institution between 1992-2001 with @entity6 / @entity2 were identified. Histological sections from each colectomy specimen were reviewed for the microscopic extent of @entity6 and the location of all lesions with @entity4 / @entity2 . RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity0 with @entity6 / @entity2 were identified of whom 30 had slides available for review. Gross pancolitis was identified in 19 @entity0 , though microscopic pancolitis was evident in all 30 @entity0 . Among the 11 @entity0 with only distal gross @entity6 , 4/15 @entity5 were proximal to the area of gross involvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 -related @entity1 can occur in areas of the colon not grossly involved with @entity6 , though it did not occur in any @entity0 without microscopic pancolitis. To devise rational @entity1 surveillance guidelines, further studies are needed to determine the risk of @entity6 in @entity0 with microscopic pancolitis but limited gross disease.

title: Gross versus microscopic pancolitis and the occurrence of @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The gross extent of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a recognized risk factor for the development of @entity6 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The risk of @entity1 associated with the microscopic extent of @entity6 is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the gross and microscopic extent of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity3 -related @entity4 / @entity2 . METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent colectomy at our institution between 1992-2001 with @entity6 / @entity2 were identified. Histological sections from each colectomy specimen were reviewed for the microscopic extent of @entity6 and the location of all lesions with @entity4 / @entity2 . RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity0 with @entity6 / @entity2 were identified of whom 30 had slides available for review. Gross pancolitis was identified in 19 @entity0 , though microscopic pancolitis was evident in all 30 @entity0 . Among the 11 @entity0 with only distal gross @entity6 , 4/15 @entity5 were proximal to the area of gross involvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 -related @entity1 can occur in areas of the colon not grossly involved with @entity6 , though it did not occur in any @entity0 without microscopic pancolitis. To devise rational @entity1 surveillance guidelines, further studies are needed to determine the risk of @entity6 in @entity0 with microscopic pancolitis but limited gross disease.

title: Gross versus microscopic pancolitis and the occurrence of XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A prospective arthroscopic study was conducted on 31 @entity0 with an acute first-time @entity1 (AFASD). The @entity0 were aged between 16 and 39 years. The mean age was 24 years. None had a history of shoulder problems. All were evaluated after 1, 2, and 5 years. The Constant score, Rowe score, recurrence rate, and instability rate were evaluated, as well as @entity0 satisfaction and sports participation. We conclude that after a prolonged follow-up, an increase in the instability rate in young @entity0 with AFASD may become apparent. The overall instability rate was 55% (17/31) after 5-year follow-up. In @entity0 aged younger than 18 years the instability rate was 71% (5/7). Age was the only predictive factor in shoulder instability. The mean Rowe score was 87 (range, 57-100; SD, 14). Three @entity0 had undergone a stabilization operation at the 5-year follow-up. The intraarticular pathology found at arthroscopy was not predictive of shoulder instability. We could not find a correlation between sporting activities and shoulder instability. On the basis of our results, it appears unlikely that arthroscopic lavage reduces redislocation rates after AFASD in the young @entity0 .

title: A prospective arthroscopic study of acute first-time XXXX in the young: a five-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We assessed the value of postoperative plasma @entity2 concentrations to predict cure and recurrence of @entity1 after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Seventy-eight of 80 consecutive @entity0 treated by @entity3 for @entity1 were evaluated. @entity3 cured 72% (n = 56) of the @entity0 . Two weeks after surgery, @entity0 with plasma @entity2 levels below 138 nmol/liter (n = 50; three macroadenomas) and eight (27%) of 30 @entity0 (nine macroadenomas) with @entity2 greater than 138 nmol/liter were cured. Six (five with a macroadenoma) of these eight @entity0 had @entity2 values less than 50 nmol/liter 3 months after surgery. Therefore, the optimal cut-off value of @entity2 predicting remission was 138 nmol/liter, measured 3 months after surgery (positive and negative predictive values 87 and 90%, respectively). Five @entity0 (9%) had recurrent @entity1 during a median follow-up of 7 yr. Recurrence occurred in four of 24 (17%) @entity0 with a follow-up of more than 10 yr. Therefore, @entity2 levels above 138 nmol/liter, obtained 2 wk after @entity3 , should be repeated, because they do not predict persistent @entity1 in 27% of those @entity0 . Postoperative @entity2 levels do not positively predict recurrence of disease during long-term follow-up of initially cured @entity0 .

title: Long-term predictive value of postsurgical @entity2 concentrations for cure and risk of recurrence in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We assessed the value of postoperative plasma @entity2 concentrations to predict cure and recurrence of @entity1 after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Seventy-eight of 80 consecutive @entity0 treated by @entity3 for @entity1 were evaluated. @entity3 cured 72% (n = 56) of the @entity0 . Two weeks after surgery, @entity0 with plasma @entity2 levels below 138 nmol/liter (n = 50; three macroadenomas) and eight (27%) of 30 @entity0 (nine macroadenomas) with @entity2 greater than 138 nmol/liter were cured. Six (five with a macroadenoma) of these eight @entity0 had @entity2 values less than 50 nmol/liter 3 months after surgery. Therefore, the optimal cut-off value of @entity2 predicting remission was 138 nmol/liter, measured 3 months after surgery (positive and negative predictive values 87 and 90%, respectively). Five @entity0 (9%) had recurrent @entity1 during a median follow-up of 7 yr. Recurrence occurred in four of 24 (17%) @entity0 with a follow-up of more than 10 yr. Therefore, @entity2 levels above 138 nmol/liter, obtained 2 wk after @entity3 , should be repeated, because they do not predict persistent @entity1 in 27% of those @entity0 . Postoperative @entity2 levels do not positively predict recurrence of disease during long-term follow-up of initially cured @entity0 .

title: Long-term predictive value of postsurgical XXXX concentrations for cure and risk of recurrence in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The expression of inhibin subunits in the testes of the G  ttingen miniature @entity0 was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the major forms were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Strong positive immunostaining for the @entity2 was observed in Sertoli and late-stage germ cells, but it was weak in Leydig cells. However, Leydig cells showed strong positive staining for the betaA subunit, but Sertoli cells and spermatogonia showed a weak reaction. Strong positive immunostaining for the betaB subunit was observed in Leydig cells but spermatogonia showed weak staining for it. In contrast to the staining specificity of @entity2 and betaA subunits, the betaB subunit did not exhibit positive staining in Sertoli cells. In situ hybridization revealed that although the a subunit mRNA signal was highly expressed in all cell types, the reaction appeared to be stronger in Sertoli cells and spermatogonia than in Leydig cells. betaA subunit mRNA expression was somewhat identical to that of the alpha subunit, however, germ cells showed a weak stain for it. A strong, positive mRNA signal for the betaB subunit was confined to Leydig cells and late-stage germ cells. ELISA results showed that concentrations of @entity1 and inhibin pro-alphaC were high in the circulation and testes. In contrast, @entity2 levels in both plasma and testes were undetectable. The present results strongly suggest that inhibin B is the major form of circulating inhibin and that Leydig cells are the predominant source of this dimeric inhibin in male G  ttingen miniature @entity0 . Furthermore, the germ cells also appear to be an important source of circulating inhibins.

title: Inhibins in the male G  ttingen miniature XXXX : Leydig cells are the predominant source of inhibin B.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is the major neurotransmitter used in the globus pallidus and there is evidence that @entity2 (B) receptors exist in this nucleus. Here we show that unilateral microinjection of @entity3 , a @entity2 (B) receptor agonist, induced ipsilateral turning in @entity0 . This effect was prevented by preinjection of the @entity2 (B) receptor antagonist @entity5 , which itself did not cause rotation. Thus, activation of @entity2 (B) receptor may suppress the activity of globus pallidus neurons, which is in line with the finding that the @entity4 receptor antagonists @entity6 and @entity1 also caused similar ipsilateral turning when injected into globus pallidus. Furthermore, in the presence of these @entity4 receptor antagonists, injection of @entity3 resulted in fewer rotations. To test the possibility that @entity3 reduced @entity4 release onto globus pallidus neurons, the effects of @entity3 on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents were studied in @entity0 brain slices. Patch-clamp recordings showed that @entity3 at 30 microM significantly reduced the frequency of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. However, @entity3 induced a weak outward current only in a minority of globus pallidus neurons. These pre- and postsynaptic effects of @entity3 were reversed or prevented by @entity5 . These results suggest that @entity2 (B) receptor in globus pallidus plays an important role in the regulation of movement by modulating glutamatergic inputs at a presynaptic site.

title: Rotational behavior and electrophysiological effects induced by XXXX (B) receptor activation in @entity0 globus pallidus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is the major neurotransmitter used in the globus pallidus and there is evidence that @entity2 (B) receptors exist in this nucleus. Here we show that unilateral microinjection of @entity3 , a @entity2 (B) receptor agonist, induced ipsilateral turning in @entity0 . This effect was prevented by preinjection of the @entity2 (B) receptor antagonist @entity5 , which itself did not cause rotation. Thus, activation of @entity2 (B) receptor may suppress the activity of globus pallidus neurons, which is in line with the finding that the @entity4 receptor antagonists @entity6 and @entity1 also caused similar ipsilateral turning when injected into globus pallidus. Furthermore, in the presence of these @entity4 receptor antagonists, injection of @entity3 resulted in fewer rotations. To test the possibility that @entity3 reduced @entity4 release onto globus pallidus neurons, the effects of @entity3 on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents were studied in @entity0 brain slices. Patch-clamp recordings showed that @entity3 at 30 microM significantly reduced the frequency of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. However, @entity3 induced a weak outward current only in a minority of globus pallidus neurons. These pre- and postsynaptic effects of @entity3 were reversed or prevented by @entity5 . These results suggest that @entity2 (B) receptor in globus pallidus plays an important role in the regulation of movement by modulating glutamatergic inputs at a presynaptic site.

title: Rotational behavior and electrophysiological effects induced by @entity2 (B) receptor activation in XXXX globus pallidus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The acceptability of prenatal screening and diagnosis of @entity1 is dependent, in part, on the gestational age at which the testing is offered. First trimester screening could be advantageous if it has sufficient efficacy and can be effectively delivered. ISSUES: Two first trimester maternal serum screening markers, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and free beta- @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), are useful for identifying @entity0 at increased risk for fetal @entity1 . In addition, measurement of an enlarged thickness of the subcutaneous fluid-filled space at the back of the neck of the developing fetus (referred to as nuchal translucency or NT) has been demonstrated to be an indicator for these high-risk pregnancies. When these three parameters are combined, estimates for @entity1 efficacy exceed those currently attainable in the second trimester. @entity0 who are screen-positive in the first trimester can elect to receive cytogenetic testing of a chorionic villus biopsy. The first trimester tests could also, theoretically, be combined with the second trimester maternal serum screening tests (integrated screening) to obtain even higher levels of efficacy. There are, however, several practical limitations to first trimester and integrated screening. These include scheduling of testing within relatively narrow gestational age intervals, availability of appropriately trained ultrasonographers for NT measurement, risks associated with chorionic villus biopsy, and costs. There is also increasing evidence that an enlarged NT measurement is indicative of a high risk for @entity2 and for fetal abnormalities that are not detectable by cytogenetic analysis. @entity0 whose fetuses show enlarged NT, therefore, need first trimester counseling regarding their @entity1 risks and the possibility of other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Follow-up ultrasound and fetal echocardiography in the second trimester are also indicated. CONCLUSION: First trimester screening appears to be a highly effective method to screen for @entity1 . @entity0 with screen-positive results based on NT measurement appear to be at increased risk for @entity3 . The finding of a normal fetal karyotype may not, therefore, carry a high level of reassurance for a normal baby.

title: Advances in prenatal screening for XXXX : II first trimester testing, integrated testing, and future directions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The prevalence of @entity4 in Thailand had not been studied. During January 1997 to December 1999, at the Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, of the total 628 first seen @entity2 @entity0 , aged 0-15 years, 31 @entity0 (4.9%) with @entity4 were encountered. Sixteen were males. The mean age at presentation was 9.7 months (range 4-32 months) and at @entity3 onset was 5.7 months (range 2-11 months). Twenty-two @entity0 had typical @entity6 , four each had generalized tonic @entity3 and focal @entity3 prior to the onset of @entity4 , and another @entity0 had @entity3 . Nineteen @entity0 were classified as symptomatic. Electroencephalogram revealed @entity4 in six @entity0 , multifocal independent @entity2 in 24 @entity0 , and focal @entity2 in four @entity0 . Abnormal brain-imaging findings were demonstrated in six of the 11 @entity0 investigated. Vigabatrin was given to 17 @entity0 whereas one @entity0 was given valproate. Others who had been severely retarded were given @entity1 in combination with @entity5 . Six @entity0 were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining @entity0 , the duration of follow-up ranged from 7 to 44 months (mean 28 months). Infantile @entity6 disappeared in 11 @entity0 , persisted in six @entity0 , and changed to other form in eight @entity0 . The developmental outcome was apparently normal in five, slightly delayed in four, moderately delayed in ten, and severely delayed in eight @entity0 .

title: XXXX in Thailand: a hospital-based survey.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) may develop diffuse large @entity4 (DLBL), also known as @entity5 . Mutational status of @entity6 (VH) genes have prognostic impact in @entity3 . @entity0 with mutated VH genes have a stable disease, whereas @entity0 with unmutated VH gene have more @entity2 . The mutational status of CLLs that transform to DLBL is unknown. To reveal whether @entity5 occurs in CLLs with mutated or unmutated VH genes, we have performed mutational analysis on serial specimens from eight @entity0 . @entity3 and @entity4 were identical in five cases and they were different in three cases. Six CLLs expressed unmutated and two cases expressed mutated VH genes. In five of the six unmutated CLLs, the DLBL clones evolved from @entity3 and the VH genes expressed by DLBLs were also unmutated. In one unmutated and two mutated CLLs, the DLBLs expressed mutated VH genes, but in these three cases the @entity4 developed as independent secondary @entity1 . These results suggest that @entity5 may develop in both mutated or unmutated CLLs, but clonal transformation of @entity3 to DLBL occur only in the unmutated subgroup of @entity3 .

title: Relationship between the mutational status of VH genes and pathogenesis of diffuse large XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) may develop diffuse large @entity4 (DLBL), also known as @entity5 . Mutational status of @entity6 (VH) genes have prognostic impact in @entity3 . @entity0 with mutated VH genes have a stable disease, whereas @entity0 with unmutated VH gene have more @entity2 . The mutational status of CLLs that transform to DLBL is unknown. To reveal whether @entity5 occurs in CLLs with mutated or unmutated VH genes, we have performed mutational analysis on serial specimens from eight @entity0 . @entity3 and @entity4 were identical in five cases and they were different in three cases. Six CLLs expressed unmutated and two cases expressed mutated VH genes. In five of the six unmutated CLLs, the DLBL clones evolved from @entity3 and the VH genes expressed by DLBLs were also unmutated. In one unmutated and two mutated CLLs, the DLBLs expressed mutated VH genes, but in these three cases the @entity4 developed as independent secondary @entity1 . These results suggest that @entity5 may develop in both mutated or unmutated CLLs, but clonal transformation of @entity3 to DLBL occur only in the unmutated subgroup of @entity3 .

title: Relationship between the mutational status of VH genes and pathogenesis of diffuse large @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Virilization caused by @entity2 with functioning stroma during pregnancy is extremely rare and has been reported in many @entity2 . In @entity10 with maternal virilization during pregnancy the stromal cells responsible for the hormone secretion resemble @entity9 or Leydig cells and have been referred to as luteinized stromal cells. We present a case of a 30-year-old, gravida 2, para 1, @entity0 who presented at approximately the 38th week of pregnancy with features of virilization. At the same time, a cesarean section was performed because of @entity3 and a male weighing 3,030 g without any gross abnormalities was delivered. A large @entity1 of the right ovary was detected and a right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathologically, the @entity1 proved to be a benign mucinous @entity11 . Masses typically resembling lutein stromal cells or Leydig cells of the testes or ovarian hilus were found in the wall of the cyst below the mucinous epithelium. No crystalloids of Reinke were identified. The stromal component of the @entity1 was characterized as functioning stroma with luteinized stromal cells. The glandular mucinous epithelium showed focal positivity for @entity0 chorionic gonadotrophin. The cytoplasm of the luteinized stromal cells reacted strongly and diffusely with antiserum for @entity6 . Also, the cytoplasm of the luteinized stromal cells showed focal intense positivity for @entity8 , and focal mild positivity for @entity0 chorionic gonadotrophin. Staining results for @entity7 and @entity5 receptors were negative. In conclusion, we present an unusual case of clinical virilization during pregnancy associated with an @entity2 with functioning stroma. The virilizing manifestations disappeared after removal of the @entity2 , supporting the perception that the functioning ovarian stroma was responsible for the @entity4 production.

title: XXXX of the ovary with functioning stroma and virilization in pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate experience with intravaginal electrical stimulation for the relief of @entity1 when used as adjunctive therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 and levator ani @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of consecutively treated @entity0 from 1999 and 2000 was identified using billing records. Systematic chart review was completed using standardized data collection forms for all @entity0 receiving electrical stimulation for @entity1 from levator ani @entity4 . Data collected were objective for major variables and subjective for outcomes. Demographic data were reported as means and standard deviations. Stimulation characteristics were compared using ANOVA. Survival analysis was performed using life table methods. RESULTS: Medical records from 66 consecutive @entity0 treated during an 18-month interval were reviewed. Demographic characteristics included mean age of 38.7 years, 13 years of education and parity of 2. Married @entity0 composed 75% of the study group, with 81% white, 10% Hispanic and 9% black. Of the 66 @entity0 studied, 50 had follow-up documentation with an average duration of 14.5 weeks. Overall, 34 @entity0 (52%) demonstrated improvement in @entity3 following vaginal electrical stimulation. Using survival analysis, 51% of @entity0 had persistent improvement 30 weeks after treatment. There were no differences in age, race, education or parity between @entity0 reporting a sustained benefit of stimulation and those not reporting a benefit. CONCLUSION: Vaginal electrical stimulation may help a selected population of @entity0 with @entity3 due to levator ani @entity4 .

title: Electrical stimulation in the treatment of XXXX due to levator ani @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate experience with intravaginal electrical stimulation for the relief of @entity1 when used as adjunctive therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 and levator ani @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of consecutively treated @entity0 from 1999 and 2000 was identified using billing records. Systematic chart review was completed using standardized data collection forms for all @entity0 receiving electrical stimulation for @entity1 from levator ani @entity4 . Data collected were objective for major variables and subjective for outcomes. Demographic data were reported as means and standard deviations. Stimulation characteristics were compared using ANOVA. Survival analysis was performed using life table methods. RESULTS: Medical records from 66 consecutive @entity0 treated during an 18-month interval were reviewed. Demographic characteristics included mean age of 38.7 years, 13 years of education and parity of 2. Married @entity0 composed 75% of the study group, with 81% white, 10% Hispanic and 9% black. Of the 66 @entity0 studied, 50 had follow-up documentation with an average duration of 14.5 weeks. Overall, 34 @entity0 (52%) demonstrated improvement in @entity3 following vaginal electrical stimulation. Using survival analysis, 51% of @entity0 had persistent improvement 30 weeks after treatment. There were no differences in age, race, education or parity between @entity0 reporting a sustained benefit of stimulation and those not reporting a benefit. CONCLUSION: Vaginal electrical stimulation may help a selected population of @entity0 with @entity3 due to levator ani @entity4 .

title: Electrical stimulation in the treatment of @entity3 due to levator ani XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We examined the relationship between insight and the positive, negative, active, @entity5 , and @entity4 dimensions of symptoms in @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity3 . Ninety-six @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity3 were assessed using the Scale to Assess Unawareness of @entity2 , Revised Version (SUMD-R) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS data were analyzed based on a five-factor model defined by White et al (1997). The percentage of @entity0 having a lack of awareness was 32.7% for illness, 58.2% for symptoms, 18.4% for treatment response, and 41.8% for social consequences. Lack of awareness of symptoms was significantly correlated with all five symptom factors. Lack of awareness of the illness and its social consequences was only correlated with the positive dimension. Lack of awareness of achieved effects of medication was correlated with the @entity4 preoccupation factor. There was no correlation between current misattributions for symptoms and PANSS factors. We conclude that poor insight is a common feature of @entity3 and has a complex relationship to other symptoms of the illness. Our results suggest that (1) unawareness of symptoms is related to severity of illness; (2) insight into illness and its social consequences is more closely tied to positive symptoms than other aspects of insight; and (3) insight into the effects of medication is more closely related to @entity1 . Treatment studies that measure insight could answer the question of whether these deficits in awareness improve along with positive and @entity1 .

title: The relationship between insight and symptoms in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Fencl-Stewart approach to @entity1 uses five equations of varying complexity to estimate the base excess effects of the important components: the strong ion difference ( @entity2 and @entity4 ), the total weak acid concentration (albumin) and unmeasured ions. Although this approach is straightforward, most @entity0 would need a calculator to use the equations. We proposed four simpler equations that require only mental arithmetic and tested the hypothesis that these simpler equations would have good agreement with more complex Fencl-Stewart equations. METHODS: We reduced two complex equations for the @entity3 effect on base excess to one simple equation: @entity3 effect (meq litre(-1))=[Na(+)]-[Cl(-)]-38. We simplified the equation of the albumin effect on base excess to an equation with two constants: albumin effect (meq litre(-1))=0.25x(42-[albumin]g litre(-1)). Using 300 blood samples from critically ill @entity0 , we examined the agreement between the more complex Fencl-Stewart equations and our simplified versions with Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS: The estimates of the @entity3 effect on base excess agreed well, with no bias and limits of agreement of -0.5 to 0.5 meq litre(-1). The albumin effect estimates required log transformation. The simplified estimate was, on average, 90% of the Fencl-Stewart estimate. The limits of agreement for this percentage were 82-98%. CONCLUSIONS: The simplified equations agree well with the previous, more complex equations. Our findings suggest a useful, simple way to use the Fencl-Stewart approach to analyse @entity1 in clinical practice.

title: Strong ions, weak acids and base excess: a simplified Fencl-Stewart approach to clinical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity6 that could be added to full-dose @entity2 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 with @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 were treated. @entity2 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity6 followed @entity2 on days 1 and 15. The initial dose level of @entity6 was 30 mg/m(2), escalated to a targeted dose of 50 mg/m(2) using Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method. @entity7 was initiated on cycle 1, day 1, in 2.4 Gy fractions to a total dose of 36 Gy. A second cycle of chemotherapy was planned following a 1-week rest. RESULTS: Four of eight @entity0 experienced acute dose limiting @entity3 at the 50 mg/m(2) @entity6 dose level. @entity0 treated at 30 and 40 mg/m(2) @entity6 dose level tolerated therapy without dose-limiting @entity3 . Median survival was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 18.2) for all @entity0 , and 12.9 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 21.2) for those without @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 at doses up to 40 mg/m(2) may be safely added to full-dose @entity2 and conformal @entity7 . The Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method trial design allowed rapid completion of the study and confidence in the conclusion about the maximum tolerated dose, but accrued more @entity0 to a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose than the typical phase I design. Local and @entity4 control and survival in this study cohort supports further investigation of @entity2 -based @entity7 and combination chemotherapy in this disease.

title: Phase I trial using a time-to-event continual reassessment strategy for dose escalation of XXXX combined with @entity2 and @entity7 in @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity6 that could be added to full-dose @entity2 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 with @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 were treated. @entity2 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity6 followed @entity2 on days 1 and 15. The initial dose level of @entity6 was 30 mg/m(2), escalated to a targeted dose of 50 mg/m(2) using Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method. @entity7 was initiated on cycle 1, day 1, in 2.4 Gy fractions to a total dose of 36 Gy. A second cycle of chemotherapy was planned following a 1-week rest. RESULTS: Four of eight @entity0 experienced acute dose limiting @entity3 at the 50 mg/m(2) @entity6 dose level. @entity0 treated at 30 and 40 mg/m(2) @entity6 dose level tolerated therapy without dose-limiting @entity3 . Median survival was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 18.2) for all @entity0 , and 12.9 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 21.2) for those without @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 at doses up to 40 mg/m(2) may be safely added to full-dose @entity2 and conformal @entity7 . The Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method trial design allowed rapid completion of the study and confidence in the conclusion about the maximum tolerated dose, but accrued more @entity0 to a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose than the typical phase I design. Local and @entity4 control and survival in this study cohort supports further investigation of @entity2 -based @entity7 and combination chemotherapy in this disease.

title: Phase I trial using a time-to-event continual reassessment strategy for dose escalation of @entity6 combined with @entity2 and @entity7 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity6 that could be added to full-dose @entity2 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 with @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 were treated. @entity2 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity6 followed @entity2 on days 1 and 15. The initial dose level of @entity6 was 30 mg/m(2), escalated to a targeted dose of 50 mg/m(2) using Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method. @entity7 was initiated on cycle 1, day 1, in 2.4 Gy fractions to a total dose of 36 Gy. A second cycle of chemotherapy was planned following a 1-week rest. RESULTS: Four of eight @entity0 experienced acute dose limiting @entity3 at the 50 mg/m(2) @entity6 dose level. @entity0 treated at 30 and 40 mg/m(2) @entity6 dose level tolerated therapy without dose-limiting @entity3 . Median survival was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 18.2) for all @entity0 , and 12.9 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 21.2) for those without @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 at doses up to 40 mg/m(2) may be safely added to full-dose @entity2 and conformal @entity7 . The Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method trial design allowed rapid completion of the study and confidence in the conclusion about the maximum tolerated dose, but accrued more @entity0 to a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose than the typical phase I design. Local and @entity4 control and survival in this study cohort supports further investigation of @entity2 -based @entity7 and combination chemotherapy in this disease.

title: Phase I trial using a time-to-event continual reassessment strategy for dose escalation of @entity6 combined with @entity2 and XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity6 that could be added to full-dose @entity2 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 with @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 were treated. @entity2 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity6 followed @entity2 on days 1 and 15. The initial dose level of @entity6 was 30 mg/m(2), escalated to a targeted dose of 50 mg/m(2) using Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method. @entity7 was initiated on cycle 1, day 1, in 2.4 Gy fractions to a total dose of 36 Gy. A second cycle of chemotherapy was planned following a 1-week rest. RESULTS: Four of eight @entity0 experienced acute dose limiting @entity3 at the 50 mg/m(2) @entity6 dose level. @entity0 treated at 30 and 40 mg/m(2) @entity6 dose level tolerated therapy without dose-limiting @entity3 . Median survival was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 18.2) for all @entity0 , and 12.9 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 21.2) for those without @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 at doses up to 40 mg/m(2) may be safely added to full-dose @entity2 and conformal @entity7 . The Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method trial design allowed rapid completion of the study and confidence in the conclusion about the maximum tolerated dose, but accrued more @entity0 to a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose than the typical phase I design. Local and @entity4 control and survival in this study cohort supports further investigation of @entity2 -based @entity7 and combination chemotherapy in this disease.

title: Phase I trial using a time-to-event continual reassessment strategy for dose escalation of @entity6 combined with XXXX and @entity7 in @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: Knowledge of risk factors for @entity3 could inform risk reduction strategies for asymptomatic individuals. Few studies have evaluated risk factors for advanced @entity3 in asymptomatic individuals, compared risk factors between @entity0 with and without @entity10 , or included most purported risk factors in a multivariate analysis. OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors associated with advanced @entity3 in a cohort of asymptomatic @entity0 with complete colonoscopy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Prospective, cross-sectional study of 3121 asymptomatic @entity0 aged 50 to 75 years from 13 Veterans Affairs medical centers conducted between February 1994 and January 1997. All @entity0 had complete colonoscopy to determine the prevalence of advanced @entity2 , defined as an @entity8 that was 10 mm or more in diameter, a @entity12 , an @entity8 with high-grade @entity11 , or @entity1 . Variables examined included history of first-degree relative with @entity3 , prior cholecystectomy, serum @entity4 level, physical activity, smoking, @entity5 use, and dietary factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: An age-adjusted analysis was performed for each variable to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with having advanced @entity2 compared with having no @entity10 . We developed a multivariate logistic regression model to identify the most informative risk factors. A secondary analysis examined risk factors for having @entity10 compared with having no @entity10 and compared with having advanced @entity2 . RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-nine @entity0 had advanced @entity2 and 1441 had no @entity10 . In multivariate analyses, we found positive associations for history of a first-degree relative with @entity3 (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.16-2.35), current smoking (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.33-2.58), and current moderate to heavy @entity5 use (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03). Inverse associations were found for cereal fiber intake (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99), @entity7 intake (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99), and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.91). In the univariate analysis, the inverse association was found with cereal fiber intake greater than 4.2 g/d, @entity7 intake greater than 645 IU/d, and daily use of NSAIDs. Marginal factors included physical activity, daily multivitamin use, and intake of @entity6 and fat derived from red meat. No association was found for body mass index, prior cholecystectomy, or serum @entity4 level. Three hundred ninety-one @entity0 had @entity10 as the worst lesion found at colonoscopy. Risk variables were similar to those for @entity0 with no @entity10 , except that past and current smoking were associated with an increased risk of @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data endorse several important risk factors for advanced @entity9 and provide a rationale for prudent risk reduction strategies. Further study is needed to determine if lifestyle changes can moderate the risk of @entity3 .

title: Risk factors for advanced XXXX and @entity10 in asymptomatic individuals.

answer: @entity9


abstract: CONTEXT: Knowledge of risk factors for @entity3 could inform risk reduction strategies for asymptomatic individuals. Few studies have evaluated risk factors for advanced @entity3 in asymptomatic individuals, compared risk factors between @entity0 with and without @entity10 , or included most purported risk factors in a multivariate analysis. OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors associated with advanced @entity3 in a cohort of asymptomatic @entity0 with complete colonoscopy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Prospective, cross-sectional study of 3121 asymptomatic @entity0 aged 50 to 75 years from 13 Veterans Affairs medical centers conducted between February 1994 and January 1997. All @entity0 had complete colonoscopy to determine the prevalence of advanced @entity2 , defined as an @entity8 that was 10 mm or more in diameter, a @entity12 , an @entity8 with high-grade @entity11 , or @entity1 . Variables examined included history of first-degree relative with @entity3 , prior cholecystectomy, serum @entity4 level, physical activity, smoking, @entity5 use, and dietary factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: An age-adjusted analysis was performed for each variable to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with having advanced @entity2 compared with having no @entity10 . We developed a multivariate logistic regression model to identify the most informative risk factors. A secondary analysis examined risk factors for having @entity10 compared with having no @entity10 and compared with having advanced @entity2 . RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-nine @entity0 had advanced @entity2 and 1441 had no @entity10 . In multivariate analyses, we found positive associations for history of a first-degree relative with @entity3 (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.16-2.35), current smoking (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.33-2.58), and current moderate to heavy @entity5 use (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03). Inverse associations were found for cereal fiber intake (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99), @entity7 intake (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99), and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.91). In the univariate analysis, the inverse association was found with cereal fiber intake greater than 4.2 g/d, @entity7 intake greater than 645 IU/d, and daily use of NSAIDs. Marginal factors included physical activity, daily multivitamin use, and intake of @entity6 and fat derived from red meat. No association was found for body mass index, prior cholecystectomy, or serum @entity4 level. Three hundred ninety-one @entity0 had @entity10 as the worst lesion found at colonoscopy. Risk variables were similar to those for @entity0 with no @entity10 , except that past and current smoking were associated with an increased risk of @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data endorse several important risk factors for advanced @entity9 and provide a rationale for prudent risk reduction strategies. Further study is needed to determine if lifestyle changes can moderate the risk of @entity3 .

title: Risk factors for advanced @entity9 and XXXX in asymptomatic individuals.

answer: @entity10


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate test-retest reliability of the Isernhagen Work System Functional Capacity Evaluation (IWS FCE) in a sample of @entity0 (n = 30) suffering from @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and selected for rehabilitation treatment. The IWS FCE consists of 28 tests that reflect work-related activities like lifting, carrying, bending, etc. In this study, a slightly modified IWS FCE was used. @entity0 were included in the study if they were still at work or were less than 1 year out of work because of @entity1 . @entity0 ' mean age was 40 years, the duration of @entity1 ranged between 5 and 10 years. Fifteen @entity0 (50%) were out of work for a mean of 17 weeks, and they all received financial compensation. Two FCE sessions were held with a 2-week interval in between. Means per session, 95% confidence intervals of the mean difference, one-way random @entity2 ( @entity2 ), limits of agreement, Cohen's kappa and percentage of absolute agreement were calculated where appropriate. An @entity2 of 0.75 or more, a kappa value of more than 0.60 and a percentage of absolute agreement of 80% were considered as an acceptable reliability. Tests of the IWC FCE were divided into tests with and tests without an acceptable test-retest reliability on the basis of the kappa values, the percentage of absolute agreement and the @entity2 values. Fifteen tests (79%) showed an acceptable test-retest reliability based on Kappa values and percentage of absolute agreement. Eleven tests (61%) showed an acceptable test-retest reliability based on @entity2 values.

title: Test-retest reliability of the Isernhagen Work Systems Functional Capacity Evaluation in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate test-retest reliability of the Isernhagen Work System Functional Capacity Evaluation (IWS FCE) in a sample of @entity0 (n = 30) suffering from @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and selected for rehabilitation treatment. The IWS FCE consists of 28 tests that reflect work-related activities like lifting, carrying, bending, etc. In this study, a slightly modified IWS FCE was used. @entity0 were included in the study if they were still at work or were less than 1 year out of work because of @entity1 . @entity0 ' mean age was 40 years, the duration of @entity1 ranged between 5 and 10 years. Fifteen @entity0 (50%) were out of work for a mean of 17 weeks, and they all received financial compensation. Two FCE sessions were held with a 2-week interval in between. Means per session, 95% confidence intervals of the mean difference, one-way random @entity2 ( @entity2 ), limits of agreement, Cohen's kappa and percentage of absolute agreement were calculated where appropriate. An @entity2 of 0.75 or more, a kappa value of more than 0.60 and a percentage of absolute agreement of 80% were considered as an acceptable reliability. Tests of the IWC FCE were divided into tests with and tests without an acceptable test-retest reliability on the basis of the kappa values, the percentage of absolute agreement and the @entity2 values. Fifteen tests (79%) showed an acceptable test-retest reliability based on Kappa values and percentage of absolute agreement. Eleven tests (61%) showed an acceptable test-retest reliability based on @entity2 values.

title: Test-retest reliability of the Isernhagen Work Systems Functional Capacity Evaluation in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Although rarely curative, chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for metastatic @entity2 . The role of surgery for metastatic disease is not well established for @entity2 , but is sometimes undertaken in the face of persistent or recurrent disease that can be surgically resected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 31 @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 undergoing metastasectomy with the intent of rendering them free of disease. All gross disease was completely resected in 30 @entity0 (97%). The most frequently resected location was lung in 24 cases (77%), followed by distant lymph nodes in 4 (13%), brain in 2 (7%) and a subcutaneous @entity1 in 1 (3%). RESULTS: Median survival from diagnosis of @entity1 and from time of metastasectomy was 31 and 23 months, respectively. The 5-year survival from metastasectomy was 33%. Median time to progression following metastasectomy was 7 months. Five @entity0 were @entity3 for more than 3 years after metastasectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The results in this highly selected cohort, with 33% alive at 5 years after metastasectomy, suggest that resection of metastatic disease is feasible and may contribute to long-term disease control especially when integrated with chemotherapy. Further prospective studies should be undertaken to better characterize the selection criteria and benefit from this intervention.

title: Is there a role for surgery in the management of metastatic XXXX ? The M. D. Anderson experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out Gleason grades, scores and to see the correlation of these morphological features with @entity1 markers in @entity2 . DESIGN: A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted at the Departments of Histopathology and Chemical Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, over a period of one year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of @entity2 were studied. Gleason grades and score of @entity1 were determined by doing @entity7 and @entity5 (HE) staining. Pre-operative serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and @entity4 (PSA) assays were carried out in these cases. RESULTS: The @entity0 seen were between 50-102 years of age with an average of 70.9 years. There were 49 cases of @entity3 and 01 case of mixed adeno and transitional cell @entity2 . Twenty-eight (56%) @entity0 had Gleason score of 5-7. Twenty-nine (58%) @entity0 were having serum PSA levels between 10.0 ng/ml and 50.0 ng/ml. Thirteen (26%) cases showed PSA assays >50 ng/ml. The sensitivity of PSA test was 84 % in these cases. Thirty-five (70%) @entity0 were having PAP values >3.7 U/l (sensitivity 70 %). CONCLUSION: The Gleason grading system is a specific morphological predictor. The serum PSA showed better sensitivity and specificity with Gleason grades and scores as compared to serum @entity6 . The serum PAP levels showed better correlation with morphological features as compared to serum PSA.

title: Morphological features correlation with serum @entity1 markers in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out Gleason grades, scores and to see the correlation of these morphological features with @entity1 markers in @entity2 . DESIGN: A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted at the Departments of Histopathology and Chemical Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, over a period of one year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of @entity2 were studied. Gleason grades and score of @entity1 were determined by doing @entity7 and @entity5 (HE) staining. Pre-operative serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and @entity4 (PSA) assays were carried out in these cases. RESULTS: The @entity0 seen were between 50-102 years of age with an average of 70.9 years. There were 49 cases of @entity3 and 01 case of mixed adeno and transitional cell @entity2 . Twenty-eight (56%) @entity0 had Gleason score of 5-7. Twenty-nine (58%) @entity0 were having serum PSA levels between 10.0 ng/ml and 50.0 ng/ml. Thirteen (26%) cases showed PSA assays >50 ng/ml. The sensitivity of PSA test was 84 % in these cases. Thirty-five (70%) @entity0 were having PAP values >3.7 U/l (sensitivity 70 %). CONCLUSION: The Gleason grading system is a specific morphological predictor. The serum PSA showed better sensitivity and specificity with Gleason grades and scores as compared to serum @entity6 . The serum PAP levels showed better correlation with morphological features as compared to serum PSA.

title: Morphological features correlation with serum XXXX markers in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of longitudinal assessment of the results of a disease management process developed in a large integrated health care system that successfully improved care for @entity0 with @entity1 . Outcome measures included rates of testing of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), rate of annual eye exams, and LDL and HbA1c values. METHODS: Intermountain Health Care (IHC) initiated the development of a @entity1 Care Management System (DCMS) in early 1998. The DCMS was developed as a comprehensive population-based disease management system. It includes provider education programs; performance feedback to physicians; clinical quality performance incentives for physicians; @entity0 education programs; @entity0 incentive, reminder systems to encourage compliance with best care process models; and tracking of physician behavior change and @entity0 compliance with @entity1 therapy. A multifaceted intervention and education approach was chosen because of the complexity of the @entity1 treatment process. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity0 with at least one annual HbA1c test increased from 78.5% in 1998 to 90.5% in 2002. During the same time period, the percentage of @entity0 whose most recent HbA1c was less than 7.0 increased from 33.5% to 52.8%, average HbA1c decreased from 8.1 to 7.3, and the percentage of @entity0 whose most recent HbA1c was greater than 9.5 decreased from 34.6% to 21.4%. The percentage of @entity0 who had an LDL @entity2 screening test within the prior 2 years increased from 65.9% in 1998 to 91.7% in 2002. During the same time period, the percentage of @entity0 whose most recent LDL @entity2 was less than 130 mg/dL increased from 39.9% to 69.8%. The percentage of @entity1 @entity0 who had an annual eye exam increased from 52% in 1998 to 62% in 2002. CONCLUSION: A multifaceted approach to improving @entity1 management has led to improved performance in clinical measures related to @entity1 care that have been shown to reduce the risk of @entity0 with @entity1 developing @entity3 . All components of the @entity1 management continuum of care, including primary care physicians, specialists, office staff, @entity0 , @entity1 educators, and others, were involved in the care improvement activities.

title: Longitudinal assessment of a XXXX care management system in an integrated health network.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Recent progress of imaging techniques has achieved precise descriptions of @entity3 associated with @entity6 . @entity5 of the left anterior cerebral artery brings about transcortical motor @entity7 . Occlusion of each branches of the left middle cerebral artery produces characteristic language symptoms. Recently, cases with @entity5 of the areas of prefrontal and precentral arteries were reported to manifest fluent @entity7 indistinguishable from the classical @entity13 . Rare cases with lesions restricted to the Broca's area (territory of the precentral artery) produces @entity7 with normal fluency, word finding @entity0 . Classical non-fluent @entity11 is caused by @entity5 which at least involves the areas of precentral and central arteries. Aphemia or @entity14 results from damages which involves territory of the central artery. Conduction @entity7 is most often associated with lesions of the posterior parietal artery territory. As in the case of @entity11 , @entity1 is a composite of conduction @entity7 , pure @entity8 , @entity13 , and @entity9 with @entity4 . The lesion of @entity1 naturally involves the areas of all of these aphasic symptoms. @entity13 is associated with lesions in the posteroinferior temporal region, and is often associated with watershed @entity5 of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries. @entity7 which results from @entity12 has ambiguous manifestation, and is difficult to be classified into Wernicke-Lichtheim's model. Assessment of its fluency is notoriously difficult. Thalamic @entity7 is similar to either @entity10 . It was pointed out that classical @entity3 are still valid as @entity2 , but are insufficient for the purpose of more precise anatomo-clinical correlation.

title: [ XXXX and the language areas].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peripapillary height measurements are possible using 2 different reference planes of the Heidelberg-Retina-Tomograph. It is not tested yet, whether the extent of @entity1 should be better quantified using reference plane 1 or 2. @entity0 AND METHODS: In 32 eyes of 32 @entity4 @entity0 with a defined up-down asymmetry of @entity3 is tested I.) if there is a significant correlation between peripapillary height and @entity3 comparing reference plane 1 and 2. II.) if there is a conformable up-down asymmetry of the peripapillary height using a new "retinal-asymmetry-difference" (RAD). III.) if conformity between peripapillary height and @entity3 depends on the distance from the disc margin. RESULTS: 1.) For an advanced @entity3 there was a significant correlation between @entity3 and peripapillary height using reference plane 1. II.) In eyes with a big up-down asymmetry of @entity3 there was a bigger conformity between the up-down asymmetry of @entity3 and the up-down asymmetry of peripapillary height (11 of 12 eyes), as for a small up-down asymmetry (12 of 20 eyes). III.) Conformity decreases with the distance from the disc margin. CONCLUSIONS: Peripapillary height should be examined using measurement circles near the disc margin. Because of its independence on the age and on different reference planes additional calculation of an up-down "retinal-asymmetry-difference" (RAD) seems to be useful. Using this up-down "retinal-asymmetry-difference" (RAD) a big up-down asymmetry of @entity3 , equivalent to an advanced @entity2 , is quantified with high sensitivity.

title: [Can the extent of XXXX be assessed by measuring the asymmetry of the peripapillary height profile between the upper and lower retinal half? A clinical study with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 causes @entity3 with manifestations in different organ systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether anterior chamber protein concentrations and @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity1 have any correlation. @entity0 AND METHODS: 23 @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 were examined in both eyes by the use of the laser flare-cell meter (LFCM). After clinical exclusion of urinary tract infection urine-samples were taken on the examination-day. @entity0 were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 13 @entity0 with @entity4 (8x microalbuminuria, 5x macroalbuminuria), group 2 comprised 10 controls with normal urine albumin concentrations. RESULTS: Both groups were identical according to age and gender. The flare values in the group with @entity4 were significantly elevated (10.7 +/- 7.1 counts/msec) in comparison to those of the control group (3.7 +/- 1.9 counts/msec)(p = 0.042). The duration of the @entity1 was as well significantly different in both groups (7.9 +/- 6.9 yrs. vs. 23.9 +/- 13.4 yrs.)(p = 0.02). A correlation was found between @entity4 and flare values (r = 0.67; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate a correlation between protein concentration in aqueous and @entity4 . In future flare measurements could possibly offer a non-invasive diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: [Flare measurement and XXXX in type I diabetics].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Recurrent @entity3 , @entity5 , is characterized by the occurrence of @entity3 episodes in the absence of @entity2 and/or hypomania. In linkage studies, @entity5 (or, in general, @entity3 ) are frequently grouped together with @entity2 into a broad @entity4 . However, twin studies suggest that @entity5 and @entity2 might have different @entity1 . The objective of this study was to test a set of families with @entity5 for linkage to chromosomes that have been recently proposed to contain susceptibility loci for @entity2 : chromosomes 16, 18, 21 and the short arm of chromosome 4. We analysed five large families from the northern part of Sweden ascertained through a proband with @entity5 and containing several @entity0 with @entity5 . For the genetic analysis, we included only severely affected individuals (those who had at least three episodes that required medical treatment) to increase the chances of finding a larger degree of @entity1 . The genetic model led to a total disease prevalence of 5% in females and 3% in males. We did not find significant evidence for linkage to any of the candidate chromosomes in the combined family set. Only one of the families showed a slight indication for linkage with markers from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 18. A genome scan analysis on an extended collaborative family material with severely affected individuals with @entity5 should be performed to evaluate whether @entity5 and @entity2 have a different genetic etiology.

title: Linkage analysis of candidate loci in families with recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The vanilloid receptor protein ( @entity7 ) is a well-characterised integrator of noxious stimuli in peripheral sensory neurones. There is evidence for the presence of @entity7 in the central nervous system, but little information as to its role there. In this study we have examined the actions of agonists for @entity7 receptors in the @entity0 locus coeruleus (LC), using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from acutely isolated neurones and neurones in slices. Superfusion with @entity5 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of isolated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in LC neurones. The mean amplitude of the mEPSCs was not affected by @entity5 . The effects of @entity5 (1 microM) were abolished by the @entity7 receptor antagonists @entity6 (10 microM) and iodoresiniferatoxin (300 nM). Removal of extracellular @entity1 abolished the @entity5 -induced increase in frequency of mEPSCs. @entity5 superfusion had no consistent effects on evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents. @entity5 superfusion also resulted in the release of an adrenoceptor agonist in the LC but did not affect the membrane currents of acutely isolated LC neurones. These data demonstrate that the @entity7 receptor appears to be located presynaptically on afferents to the LC, and that activation of @entity7 may serve to potentiate the release of @entity4 and @entity3 / @entity2 in this brain region.

title: XXXX activation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the @entity0 locus coeruleus in vitro.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The vanilloid receptor protein ( @entity7 ) is a well-characterised integrator of noxious stimuli in peripheral sensory neurones. There is evidence for the presence of @entity7 in the central nervous system, but little information as to its role there. In this study we have examined the actions of agonists for @entity7 receptors in the @entity0 locus coeruleus (LC), using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from acutely isolated neurones and neurones in slices. Superfusion with @entity5 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of isolated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in LC neurones. The mean amplitude of the mEPSCs was not affected by @entity5 . The effects of @entity5 (1 microM) were abolished by the @entity7 receptor antagonists @entity6 (10 microM) and iodoresiniferatoxin (300 nM). Removal of extracellular @entity1 abolished the @entity5 -induced increase in frequency of mEPSCs. @entity5 superfusion had no consistent effects on evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents. @entity5 superfusion also resulted in the release of an adrenoceptor agonist in the LC but did not affect the membrane currents of acutely isolated LC neurones. These data demonstrate that the @entity7 receptor appears to be located presynaptically on afferents to the LC, and that activation of @entity7 may serve to potentiate the release of @entity4 and @entity3 / @entity2 in this brain region.

title: @entity5 activation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the XXXX locus coeruleus in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the status of the @entity4 in @entity0 who had @entity6 and were admitted to 2 regional pediatric intensive care units. METHODS: Sixty-five @entity0 (34 @entity0 ; median age: 2.5 years; range: 0.2-15 years) had @entity2 and @entity5 (ACTH) levels measured on admission, then at 8 AM and 8 PM during the next 48 hours. At 48 hours, a low-dose short Synacthen test (LDST) (500 ng of 1-24 corticotropin/m2) was performed in 42 @entity0 (19 @entity0 ). Normal ranges for 8 AM @entity2 and ACTH levels in unstressed @entity0 were 140 to 500 nmol/L and 2 to 11.3 pmol/L, respectively. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was defined as a peak @entity2 <500 nmol/L on the LDST or an 8 AM @entity2 value <140 nmol/L. RESULTS: Five (7.7%) of the 65 @entity0 died, including 1 with primary @entity3 . @entity2 levels were elevated on admission (median: 1122 mmol/L; range: 65-2110 nmol/L) with 81% of values more than the 8 AM normal range. The median ACTH level on admission was within the 8 AM normal range, but 40% of values were more than the 8 AM normal range. However, 7% and 8% of @entity2 and ACTH values, respectively, were less than the normal range. Both @entity2 and ACTH levels fell thereafter and showed no diurnal variation during the 48-hour profile. Six (14%) of the 42 failed the LDST. These @entity0 had significantly lower mean 8 AM @entity2 values than those with a normal peak value on the LDST. Five additional @entity0 who did not have the LDST had 8 AM @entity2 values <140 nmol/L. In the diagnosis of @entity3 , the sensitivity of the 8 AM mean @entity2 value at a cutoff of 400 nmol/L, judged against the LDST, was 83%; the specificity was 81%. CONCLUSIONS: During the initial phase of @entity6 , raised @entity2 and ACTH levels indicate an appropriate stress response within the @entity4 . However, a substantial subpopulation (11 [16.9%] of 65) has evidence of @entity1 during this period. Morning @entity2 values in the initial phase of @entity6 could be used as a potential early index of @entity3 .

title: Assessment of adrenal function in the initial phase of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the clinical, neurophysiologic, and radiological data of @entity0 with @entity5 who had undergone evaluation and surgery in our @entity2 Program. METHODS: The medical and neurophysiologic records of 38 @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity5 were reviewed. Data underwent statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 28 temporal and 10 extratemporal resections, with a mean age at @entity3 onset of 10.5 years and mean age at surgery of 22 years. @entity1 resections performed earlier were recorded. Twenty-nine @entity0 had auras and 20 had secondarily generalized @entity3 . All 28 @entity0 with temporal @entity1 had complex partial @entity3 . Preoperative MRI demonstrated the @entity1 in 36 of 36 @entity0 : 17 of 29 demonstrated @entity4 enhancement, and 17 of 36 had mass effect. Scalp interictal sharp waves were present in 32 @entity0 , and in 15 they were multiregional. In two @entity0 , scalp EEG @entity3 onset was from the hemisphere contralateral to the @entity1 . Postoperatively, 79% of @entity0 (30 of 38) were @entity3 -free (Engel's class I) at 6 months, 72% at 1 year (26 of 36), and 63% at 2 years (20 of 32). Excellent outcome was associated with a lower age at operation (p = 0.008), shorter duration of @entity2 (p = <0.01), absence of generalized @entity3 (p = <0.01), and no @entity2 on a postoperative EEG (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Good surgical outcome is expected in @entity0 with @entity5 despite years of medically resistant @entity3 . Good outcome may be achieved despite EEG findings that may conflict with @entity1 location, and is more likely when surgery is performed relatively soon after @entity2 onset.

title: XXXX and @entity2 : clinical and neurophysiologic features and predictors of outcome after surgery.

answer: @entity5