abstract: Macrophages and dendritic cells play an important role in regulating B-cell responses, including proliferation to antigens such as @entity3 (TNP)-Ficoll and TNP- @entity2 . However, the mechanisms and molecule(s) that regulate these processes are relatively undefined. In this report, we show that @entity0 macrophages generated in vitro strongly costimulate proliferation of dense @entity0 tonsillar B cells ligated via their @entity5 ( @entity5 ) but not proliferation via @entity1 . Similarly, dendritic cells also markedly enhance @entity5 -activated B-cell proliferation. Soluble molecule(s) are required for @entity0 macrophages to costimulate proliferation of B cells triggered via their @entity5 . Importantly, a TACI (trans-membrane activator and @entity7 interactor)-Fc fusion protein inhibits both macrophage- and dendritic cell (DC)-dependent @entity5 -activated B-cell proliferation, indicating a requirement for at least one of the known TACI ligands, @entity4 and/or @entity6 . Consistent with a major role for @entity4 , macrophages release @entity4 at levels sufficient to potently costimulate @entity5 -induced B-cell proliferation. In addition, @entity4 is more than 100-fold more potent than @entity6 in enhancing @entity5 -mediated @entity0 B-cell proliferation. Furthermore, immunodepletion of @entity6 under conditions that prevent @entity6 -mediated B-cell costimulation does not block macrophage enhancement of B-cell proliferation. Finally, there is no correlation between the high levels of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) expressed by macrophages compared with DCs and the similar abilities of macrophages and DCs to enhance @entity5 -stimulated B-cell proliferation. In summary, our results suggest that macrophage- and DC-derived B-cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family ( @entity4 ) represents a key molecule by which macrophages and DCs directly regulate @entity0 B-cell proliferative responses to T-cell-independent stimuli.

title: Macrophage- and dendritic cell--dependent regulation of XXXX B-cell proliferation requires the TNF family ligand @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In August 1988 a randomised phase III multicenter trial was started in order to compare @entity6 / @entity8 (PT) with standard @entity6 / @entity5 (PC) in advanced @entity3 , aiming at lower @entity4 and maintained efficiency. @entity0 AND METHODS: Five hundred and nineteen @entity0 were enrolled into the protocol. Final evaluation after a median observation time of more than five years was made in July 1996 and included 398 eligible @entity0 , of whom 366 were evaluable regarding efficiency and 290 in respect of @entity4 . The @entity1 stages were classified as FIGO II in 53, FIGO III in 244 and FIGO IV in 68 @entity0 . The @entity0 were stratified regarding post-operative @entity1 burden. RESULTS: Hematological and gastrointestinal @entity4 WHO > = 3 were comparable between the two study arms though a significant difference could be demonstrated regarding alopecia (PT 8% vs. PC 47% after six cycles). The median time to progression as the main efficiency item was in favour of the study schedule (PT 20.6 vs. PC 15.1 months) while significant differences were neither observed in the whole study group nor in the analysed subgroups (R0, < 2 cm, > = 2 cm). The same held true for overall survival. CONCLUSION: PT may be recommended as a less toxic substitute for the former standard PC. After the acceptance of @entity7 / @entity6 as a new standard, the role of @entity8 should be investigated regarding adjuvant therapy in @entity0 without @entity2 , as a potential partner in triple or sequential treatment and in second-line treatment.

title: XXXX in the treatment of advanced @entity3 : a randomised co-operative multicentre phase III-study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: In August 1988 a randomised phase III multicenter trial was started in order to compare @entity6 / @entity8 (PT) with standard @entity6 / @entity5 (PC) in advanced @entity3 , aiming at lower @entity4 and maintained efficiency. @entity0 AND METHODS: Five hundred and nineteen @entity0 were enrolled into the protocol. Final evaluation after a median observation time of more than five years was made in July 1996 and included 398 eligible @entity0 , of whom 366 were evaluable regarding efficiency and 290 in respect of @entity4 . The @entity1 stages were classified as FIGO II in 53, FIGO III in 244 and FIGO IV in 68 @entity0 . The @entity0 were stratified regarding post-operative @entity1 burden. RESULTS: Hematological and gastrointestinal @entity4 WHO > = 3 were comparable between the two study arms though a significant difference could be demonstrated regarding alopecia (PT 8% vs. PC 47% after six cycles). The median time to progression as the main efficiency item was in favour of the study schedule (PT 20.6 vs. PC 15.1 months) while significant differences were neither observed in the whole study group nor in the analysed subgroups (R0, < 2 cm, > = 2 cm). The same held true for overall survival. CONCLUSION: PT may be recommended as a less toxic substitute for the former standard PC. After the acceptance of @entity7 / @entity6 as a new standard, the role of @entity8 should be investigated regarding adjuvant therapy in @entity0 without @entity2 , as a potential partner in triple or sequential treatment and in second-line treatment.

title: @entity8 in the treatment of advanced XXXX : a randomised co-operative multicentre phase III-study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retrospective cost-effectiveness analyses of vaccination programs using routinely collected post-implementation data are sparse by comparison with pre-program analyses. We performed a retrospective economic evaluation of the childhood 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) program in Australia. METHODS: We developed a deterministic multi-compartment model that describes health states related to invasive and non- @entity0 . Costs (Australian dollars, A ) and health effects (quality-adjusted life years, QALYs) were attached to model states. The perspective for costs was that of the healthcare system and government. Where possible, we used observed changes in the disease rates from national surveillance and healthcare databases to estimate the impact of the PCV7 program (2005-2010). We stratified our cost-effectiveness results into alternative scenarios which differed by the outcome states included. Parameter uncertainty was explored using probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: The PCV7 program was estimated to have prevented    5900 hospitalisations and    160 deaths from @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Approximately half of these were prevented in adults via herd protection. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was    A 161,000 per QALY gained when including only @entity0 -related outcomes. The cost-effectiveness of PCV7 remained in the range A 88,000- 122,000 when changes in various non-invasive disease states were included. The inclusion of observed changes in adult non-invasive @entity1 deaths substantially improved cost-effectiveness (   A 9000 per QALY gained). CONCLUSION: Using the initial vaccine price negotiated for Australia, the PCV7 program was unlikely to have been cost-effective (at conventional thresholds) unless observed reductions in non-invasive @entity1 deaths in the elderly are attributed to it. Further analyses are required to explore this finding, which has significant implications for the incremental benefit achievable by adult @entity2 programs.

title: Retrospective economic evaluation of childhood 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Australia: Uncertain herd impact on XXXX critical.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Because of widespread latex manufacturing in the last decades, exposure to latex has become ever greater, as has the incidence of @entity5 among the general population as well as the high-risk groups. Clinical manifestations range from local reactions ( @entity1 , @entity2 , erythema, and papulae), rhino- @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity1 , to severe systemic reactions such as anaphylactic shock (from parenteral exposure especially during medical examinations or surgical procedures). Diagnosis is formulated on the basis of the personal history and an accurate allergological evaluation. @entity0 usually have a history of food intolerance or adverse reactions during medical or surgical procedures, which are believed to be the result of anesthetics or other drugs. In vivo tests are prick and patch tests and challenge tests. Challenge tests (nasal, conjunctival, bronchial, intravaginal, sublingual, oral, and cutaneous tests) are important for confirming the diagnosis, for evaluating a @entity0 's response to the different kinds of latex exposure, and for verifying the effects of desensitizing treatments on the various organs involved in @entity5 . The most important in vitro test is the specific anti-natural rubber latex IgE assay. The only effective resolution to the @entity5 seems to be desensitization. The criteria of effectiveness are the capability to use latex items, to undergo medical examinations (even invasive), and to remain in an environment where latex particles can be inhaled (such as surgical departments), without symptoms. The first attempts were performed by subcutaneous administration of latex, but this protocol seems to be delicate to perform because of the side effects. Two different alternative methods (percutaneous and sublingual) were successfully performed and proved to be safer and more effective, even though further studies on a larger group of @entity0 are needed.

title: New insights on XXXX and treatment.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Sensitization to domestic mites is common in Germany. The main objectives of this study were (1) to establish the rate of skin test sensitivity to @entity4 , Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae in 512 consecutive @entity0 evaluated for @entity2 ; (2) to verify how many of the @entity0 with a positive skin test to at least one of the three storage mites were also skin test positive to @entity4 ; and (3) to verify how many of the @entity0 with at least one positive skin test to one of the storage mites previously mentioned were also sensitized, in vitro, to other mite species. A total of 512 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 and/or @entity1 , living in urban or rural areas of central Germany were skin tested with extracts of @entity4 , A. siro, L. destructor, and T. putrescentiae. In addition, specific IgE determinations to Euroglyphus maynei, Blomia tropicalis, Blomia tjibodas, Blomia kulagini, and Gohieria fusca were conducted in those individuals with a positive skin test to at least one of the storage mites used in skin testing. Of the 512 @entity0 , 103 (20.1%; 77 urban dwellers and 26 farmers) reacted to at least one of the storage mites. From this latter group, 88 individuals (85.4%) also skin tested positive to @entity4 . In vitro specific IgE determinations revealed a high rate of sensitization to the other mite species studied. We conclude that sensitization to storage mites in Germany is frequently associated with sensitivity to @entity4 . Overall, skin test sensitivity to storage mites was greater in rural than in city dwellers. In vitro sensitization to B. tjibodas was also significantly greater in rural than in city dwellers.

title: In vivo and in vitro sensitization to domestic mites in German urban and rural allergic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have examined effects of chronic reduction of intraluminal @entity2 on blood flow through vasa vasorum, by comparing large arteries and veins, and effects of acute @entity1 on flow through vasa. Microspheres were used to measure flow in anesthetized @entity0 . Values obtained with different sizes of microspheres suggest that spheres 9 and 15 micron in diam, but not 50 micron, are appropriate for measurement of blood flow through vasa vasorum. Flow [expressed as ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 (SE)] through medial vasa was similar in the aorta (9.0 +/- 2.1) and pulmonary artery (9.3 +/- 1.1) although, on the basis of wall thickness and number of lamellae, one would predict much higher levels of flow to aortic media. Two veins that we studied have a thick muscular wall. Both veins had high levels of flow through medial vasa: 33 +/- 4.4 to the subdiaphragmatic inferior vena cava and 18 +/- 5.4 to the portal vein. Two other veins are apparently conduit vessels, with dense connective tissue and minimal smooth muscle. Both veins had minimal flow through medial vasa: 2.4 +/- 1.0 to superior vena cava, and 1.9 +/- 0.8 to supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava. Thus, because flow through vasa differs greatly in different veins, structure of the vessel (as well as intraluminal @entity2 ) is an important determinant of flow through vasa. Acute @entity1 increased conductance of medial vasa vasorum of arteries and veins when neurohumoral constrictor effects were blocked by @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Blood flow through vasa vasorum in arteries and veins: effects of luminal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the mortality associated with @entity1 at 5 years in a geriatric population, and evaluate the influence of age, cognitive state, mobility and residential status on long term survival after @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective audit was carried out of all @entity0 with a @entity1 admitted to a university hospital over a 4 year period. Data from 2640 @entity0 were analysed and multivariate analysis used to indicate the important variables predicting mortality. @entity0 fulfilling the criteria of age<80 years, Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMT)>= 7/10, independently mobile and admitted from own home were put into group A (low risk group). @entity0 not meeting the criteria were placed into group B (high risk group). RESULTS: 2640 @entity0 fitted the inclusion criteria, 482 in group A and 2158 in group B. 850 @entity0 (43.1%) died in their first year following @entity1 . 302 @entity0 (63%) of group A were still alive at 5 years in comparison with only 367 (17%) of group B. Overall, 669 (25%) @entity0 survived for 5 years. Increased survival was shown for the following variables: age<80 years RR 5.27 (p<0.01), AMT>= 7/10 RR 6.03 (p<0.01), independent mobility RR 2.63 (p<0.01) and admitted from own home RR 4.52 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings will allow for early recognition of those @entity0 with an increased chance of long-term survival following @entity1 . Such @entity0 may be suitable for surgical treatment, such as total hip replacement, which has a good long-term outcome.

title: Predictors of 5 year survival following XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resection of @entity1 invading the anterior cranial base is performed with craniofacial resection (CFR) with acceptable results in complication rates and oncologic outcomes. However, still there are series with major morbidity in up to 40% of @entity0 , and mortality of 5%. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the results in terms of morbidity, mortality, function and aesthetics using a median fronto orbital flap (MFOF). METHODS: The MFOF was used in 28 consecutive @entity0 who presented to the Head and Neck Service from 1992 to 1999, in the Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog  a, Mexico City, and was combined with a superior rhinotomy for en bloc resection of the ethmoid complex in the last 12 cases. 89% of @entity0 had @entity1 . RESULTS: 1 @entity2 occurred in this series (3%) and the global morbidity was 35%. Aesthetics and function were good to excellent. Percentages of @entity1 -free survival for malignant lesions was 76% and 41% at 2 and 5 years follow up, respectively. CONCLUSION: CFR is a safe approach for treatment of @entity1 of the anterior skull base. MFOF mobilization decreases complication rates and gives superb exposure for en bloc resection of @entity1 invading the ethmoidomaxillary complex specially when combined with a superior rhinotomy. A positive impact on quality of life was obtained.

title: [Use of median fronto-naso-orbital flap to decrease the incidence of complications in XXXX undergoing craniofacial resection].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A study was undertaken on 176 @entity0 with @entity6 to determine the clinical behaviour and long-term outcome of cases. The @entity0 were followed up prospectively in the paediatric neurology clinic for 6 years. Diagnosis was based primarily on CT scans. All the CT lesions were parenchymal and mostly single (87%) with ring enhancement and peri-lesional @entity1 . Partial @entity4 was the predominant presenting @entity4 type. About 65% of cases had recurrences at varying intervals during treatment. Albendazole therapy given to some cases did not appear to have any beneficial effect on @entity4 control. Repeat CTs done at varying intervals after the first @entity4 showed disappearance of the lesions in about 50% of cases. The majority of lesions disappeared without the use of @entity5 . Recurrence of @entity4 after withdrawal of anti- @entity3 medication was observed in 19% of the cases. @entity6 in @entity0 commonly presents with partial @entity4 and @entity2 on CT. The disease can be managed well by anti- @entity3 medication alone and the prognosis is good.

title: XXXX in @entity0 : clinical characteristics and outcome.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A study was undertaken on 176 @entity0 with @entity6 to determine the clinical behaviour and long-term outcome of cases. The @entity0 were followed up prospectively in the paediatric neurology clinic for 6 years. Diagnosis was based primarily on CT scans. All the CT lesions were parenchymal and mostly single (87%) with ring enhancement and peri-lesional @entity1 . Partial @entity4 was the predominant presenting @entity4 type. About 65% of cases had recurrences at varying intervals during treatment. Albendazole therapy given to some cases did not appear to have any beneficial effect on @entity4 control. Repeat CTs done at varying intervals after the first @entity4 showed disappearance of the lesions in about 50% of cases. The majority of lesions disappeared without the use of @entity5 . Recurrence of @entity4 after withdrawal of anti- @entity3 medication was observed in 19% of the cases. @entity6 in @entity0 commonly presents with partial @entity4 and @entity2 on CT. The disease can be managed well by anti- @entity3 medication alone and the prognosis is good.

title: @entity6 in XXXX : clinical characteristics and outcome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: After analysing 1929 cases of resection for @entity1 under the classification of adjuvant therapy, histology, stage and chronology, we learned positive points of adjuvant chemotherapy and its problems. The five year survival rate of 45 cases of @entity2 @entity3 .9% (oat cell 18.5%, intermediate 28.6%). Long-term survivors are always found among the stage I @entity0 , however, better results (14.7%-60.6%) have been shown since 1980. This fact must be derived from recent achievements of chemotherapy. Seven cases of adjuvant surgery for @entity2 shows needs of chemotherapy. The randomized controlled study by using @entity4 for @entity2 , stage III, and also other studies showed no signs of effectiveness of chemotherapy on @entity2 . Clinical application of clonogenic cell assay has made an advance in selecting types of chemotherapy. The problems are, however, administration of drugs, i.e. selection of drugs, time and period to administrated, accurate diagnoses and precise judgement of clinical stage and drug tolerance of @entity0 . We expect more effective drugs to come in the near future.

title: [Adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: To establish a more reasonable therapeutic guide line for large and/or invasive @entity6 , 257 cases of @entity6 were analyzed. Among 83 cases with slight or moderate suprasellar extension (Wilson's Grade II-A _ B) in the pre-CT era, 57 @entity0 were alive at the time of follow-up (mean follow-up period: 12.7 years). Death of unspecified causes other than @entity2 , @entity4 , etc. were reported in nine @entity0 . Among 60 cases of Grade II-A _ B in the post-CT era, 59 @entity0 were alive (mean follow-up: 3.4 years). Comparing these groups, cases with huge suprasellar extension (Grade C) had much worse prognosis. Only two @entity0 were alive among 14 cases of Group C in the pre-CT era. Seven cases of @entity3 with unspecified causes were reported. In the 13 cases of Group C in the post-CT era, 12 @entity0 were alive but at least four of them were severely handicapped. In 10 cases with @entity1 (Grade IV) in the pre-CT era, only two were alive. In the group of Grade IV in the post-CT era, one @entity0 died and three @entity0 were operated repeatedly. Severe complications of irradiation therapy occurred in seven @entity0 (mean interval: 6.6 years) among 120 cases of irradiated @entity6 in every category. Among six cases with histological malignancy, three were operated repeatedly; among the latter group, two @entity0 died and the third showed intracranial @entity1 . The present data indicate that large and/or invasive @entity6 have a pessimistic prognosis, although @entity5 with mild or moderate simple suprasellar extension have fairly good prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical analysis of large and/or invasive XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Most of "so-called" posterior communicating @entity5 previously reported, originated from the internal carotid-posterior communicating junction. @entity6 arising from the posterior communicating artery itself are very rare. The @entity10 caused by @entity5 is also very rare. We are reporting a case with the @entity6 arising directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery presenting the @entity10 . This 73-year-old @entity0 who had no treatment with @entity2 for several years was admitted for sudden onset of severe @entity1 , @entity4 and unconsciousness on @entity11 , 1984. She opened her eyes when addressed and had disorientation, @entity3 , @entity9 and @entity10 . A 4-vessel angiography revealed the @entity6 originating directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery. The @entity0 underwent left-frontotemporal craniotomy on the 27th day after @entity7 under Hunt _ Kosnic Grade 3. The @entity6 originated directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery and directed inferior-posterior-laterally below the oculomotor nerve. The neck was successfully clipped. Immediate post-operative course was uneventful until the 7th day after surgery. On the 8th day she had hypertensive @entity8 and expired. The autopsy could not be obtained. The saccular "true" posterior communicating @entity5 with isolated unilateral @entity10 as seen in our case has not been reported. Considering the operative findings, we thought the aneurysmal dome contacted directly with the abducens nerve.

title: ["True" posterior communicating @entity5 presenting the XXXX ].

answer: @entity10


abstract: Most of "so-called" posterior communicating @entity5 previously reported, originated from the internal carotid-posterior communicating junction. @entity6 arising from the posterior communicating artery itself are very rare. The @entity10 caused by @entity5 is also very rare. We are reporting a case with the @entity6 arising directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery presenting the @entity10 . This 73-year-old @entity0 who had no treatment with @entity2 for several years was admitted for sudden onset of severe @entity1 , @entity4 and unconsciousness on @entity11 , 1984. She opened her eyes when addressed and had disorientation, @entity3 , @entity9 and @entity10 . A 4-vessel angiography revealed the @entity6 originating directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery. The @entity0 underwent left-frontotemporal craniotomy on the 27th day after @entity7 under Hunt _ Kosnic Grade 3. The @entity6 originated directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery and directed inferior-posterior-laterally below the oculomotor nerve. The neck was successfully clipped. Immediate post-operative course was uneventful until the 7th day after surgery. On the 8th day she had hypertensive @entity8 and expired. The autopsy could not be obtained. The saccular "true" posterior communicating @entity5 with isolated unilateral @entity10 as seen in our case has not been reported. Considering the operative findings, we thought the aneurysmal dome contacted directly with the abducens nerve.

title: ["True" posterior communicating XXXX presenting the @entity10 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Although graft-versus-host (GVH) disease (GVHD) is usually associated with graft versus @entity1 (GVL), GVL can occur in the absence of clinical GVHD. There is evidence to suggest that GVL and GVH are mediated by different clones of T cells. The objective of this study was to identify the two types of T cells based on their receptor sequences. To this end we used irradiated nonleukemic cells from recipients as stimulator cells in a primary mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). The activated @entity0 (+) donor T cells that expressed @entity2 were purified by cell sorting. To prepare GVL-specific T cells, alloreactive T cells in the primary MLR were first depleted with an anti- @entity2 immunotoxin. The remaining T cells had negligible alloreactivity in a secondary MLR. The allodepleted cells were then stimulated by using purified @entity1 cells from the same individual as stimulator cells, and the @entity2 (+)-activated cells were purified by cell sorting. The GVL- and GVH-specific T cells were analyzed for their T cell receptor (TCR) clonality by using anchored RT-PCR of all the @entity3 locus complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences. By comparing @entity3 CDR3 sequences from transformed bacterial colonies, we were able to demonstrate that T cells mediating GVH were different from those mediating GVL in each of the eight HLA-mismatched and one HLA-matched donor/recipient pairs. By using the appropriate @entity3 CDR3-specific primers and probes, the GVH- and GVL-specific clones were monitored in a recipient undergoing an allogeneic stem cell transplant from her HLA-matched related donor.

title: Definitive separation of graft-versus-leukemia- and graft-versus-host-specific XXXX + T cells by virtue of their receptor beta loci sequences.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 around orthodontic appliances is a problem. Suboptimal oral hygiene, long intervals between appointments, and potentially poor @entity0 cooperation with using @entity1 dentifrices and mouth rinses necessitate a compliance-free means of preventing @entity2 . The hypothesis of this study was that @entity1 released by glass ionomer cement inhibits the formation of @entity2 around orthodontic brackets in vivo. Brackets were bonded on 2 first premolars in 21 randomized, consecutively selected @entity0 11 to 18 years old. Eleven test-group subjects were bonded with @entity1 -releasing glass ionomer cement, and 10 control subjects were bonded with composite resin (no @entity1 ). The teeth were extracted after 4 weeks, sectioned, and evaluated quantitatively by cross-sectional microhardness testing. @entity1 levels in @entity0 saliva were measured by the Taves diffusion method in samples taken at days 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to determine whether @entity1 from the glass ionomer cement influenced the overall intraoral @entity1 levels. The results demonstrated significantly more @entity3 around the brackets of the control @entity0 (P <.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). For whole-mouth salivary @entity1 levels, no significant overall difference between the groups (P >.05) and no noticeable trend within groups (P >.05) were found. These results indicate that using @entity1 -releasing glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets successfully inhibited caries in vivo. This cariostatic effect was localized to the area around the brackets and was statistically significant after 4 weeks.

title: In vivo inhibition of XXXX around orthodontic brackets.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite their preclinical promise, previous @entity7 inhibitors have shown little benefit for @entity0 . This likely reflects the narrow therapeutic window for @entity7 inhibitors due to the essential role of the @entity5 /44 MAPK pathway in many nontumor tissues. @entity6 is a potent and selective allosteric inhibitor of the @entity8 and @entity10 ( @entity11 ) enzymes with promising antitumor activity in a phase I clinical trial (ASCO 2010). Our studies characterize @entity6 ' enzymatic, cellular, and in vivo activities, describing its unusually long circulating half-life. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Enzymatic studies were conducted to determine @entity6 inhibition of recombinant @entity7 , following or preceding RAF kinase activation. Cellular studies examined @entity6 inhibition of @entity4 phosphorylation (p- @entity4 ) as well as @entity11 phosphorylation and activation. Further studies explored the sensitivity of @entity1 cell lines, and drug pharmacokinetics and efficacy in multiple @entity1 xenograft models. RESULTS: In enzymatic and cellular studies, @entity6 inhibits @entity11 kinase activity and prevents Raf-dependent @entity7 phosphorylation (S217 for @entity8 ), producing prolonged p- @entity4 inhibition. Potent cell growth inhibition was evident in most @entity1 lines with mutant @entity2 or Ras. In xenografted @entity1 models, @entity6 orally dosed once daily had a long circulating half-life and sustained suppression of p- @entity4 for more than 24 hours; @entity6 also reduced @entity1 Ki67, increased @entity3 ( @entity9 / @entity9 ), and caused @entity1 growth inhibition in multiple @entity1 models. The largest antitumor effect was among @entity1 harboring mutant @entity2 or Ras. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 combines high potency, selectivity, and long circulating half-life, offering promise for successfully targeting the narrow therapeutic window anticipated for clinical @entity7 inhibitors.

title: XXXX ( @entity6 ) is an inhibitor of @entity7 activity and activation with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for sustained in vivo pathway inhibition.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite their preclinical promise, previous @entity7 inhibitors have shown little benefit for @entity0 . This likely reflects the narrow therapeutic window for @entity7 inhibitors due to the essential role of the @entity5 /44 MAPK pathway in many nontumor tissues. @entity6 is a potent and selective allosteric inhibitor of the @entity8 and @entity10 ( @entity11 ) enzymes with promising antitumor activity in a phase I clinical trial (ASCO 2010). Our studies characterize @entity6 ' enzymatic, cellular, and in vivo activities, describing its unusually long circulating half-life. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Enzymatic studies were conducted to determine @entity6 inhibition of recombinant @entity7 , following or preceding RAF kinase activation. Cellular studies examined @entity6 inhibition of @entity4 phosphorylation (p- @entity4 ) as well as @entity11 phosphorylation and activation. Further studies explored the sensitivity of @entity1 cell lines, and drug pharmacokinetics and efficacy in multiple @entity1 xenograft models. RESULTS: In enzymatic and cellular studies, @entity6 inhibits @entity11 kinase activity and prevents Raf-dependent @entity7 phosphorylation (S217 for @entity8 ), producing prolonged p- @entity4 inhibition. Potent cell growth inhibition was evident in most @entity1 lines with mutant @entity2 or Ras. In xenografted @entity1 models, @entity6 orally dosed once daily had a long circulating half-life and sustained suppression of p- @entity4 for more than 24 hours; @entity6 also reduced @entity1 Ki67, increased @entity3 ( @entity9 / @entity9 ), and caused @entity1 growth inhibition in multiple @entity1 models. The largest antitumor effect was among @entity1 harboring mutant @entity2 or Ras. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 combines high potency, selectivity, and long circulating half-life, offering promise for successfully targeting the narrow therapeutic window anticipated for clinical @entity7 inhibitors.

title: @entity6 ( XXXX ) is an inhibitor of @entity7 activity and activation with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for sustained in vivo pathway inhibition.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite their preclinical promise, previous @entity7 inhibitors have shown little benefit for @entity0 . This likely reflects the narrow therapeutic window for @entity7 inhibitors due to the essential role of the @entity5 /44 MAPK pathway in many nontumor tissues. @entity6 is a potent and selective allosteric inhibitor of the @entity8 and @entity10 ( @entity11 ) enzymes with promising antitumor activity in a phase I clinical trial (ASCO 2010). Our studies characterize @entity6 ' enzymatic, cellular, and in vivo activities, describing its unusually long circulating half-life. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Enzymatic studies were conducted to determine @entity6 inhibition of recombinant @entity7 , following or preceding RAF kinase activation. Cellular studies examined @entity6 inhibition of @entity4 phosphorylation (p- @entity4 ) as well as @entity11 phosphorylation and activation. Further studies explored the sensitivity of @entity1 cell lines, and drug pharmacokinetics and efficacy in multiple @entity1 xenograft models. RESULTS: In enzymatic and cellular studies, @entity6 inhibits @entity11 kinase activity and prevents Raf-dependent @entity7 phosphorylation (S217 for @entity8 ), producing prolonged p- @entity4 inhibition. Potent cell growth inhibition was evident in most @entity1 lines with mutant @entity2 or Ras. In xenografted @entity1 models, @entity6 orally dosed once daily had a long circulating half-life and sustained suppression of p- @entity4 for more than 24 hours; @entity6 also reduced @entity1 Ki67, increased @entity3 ( @entity9 / @entity9 ), and caused @entity1 growth inhibition in multiple @entity1 models. The largest antitumor effect was among @entity1 harboring mutant @entity2 or Ras. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 combines high potency, selectivity, and long circulating half-life, offering promise for successfully targeting the narrow therapeutic window anticipated for clinical @entity7 inhibitors.

title: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an inhibitor of XXXX activity and activation with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for sustained in vivo pathway inhibition.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 and those with @entity10 (without @entity6 ) share many immunopathologic features but differ in the presence of lower airway symptoms in response to antigen. OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare the airway inflammatory response to antigen in @entity0 with @entity12 and @entity10 . METHODS: Segmental bronchoprovocation with saline or ragweed antigen was performed in 9 @entity0 with @entity12 and 9 @entity0 with @entity10 without @entity6 . The antigen dose used in segmental bronchoprovocation was 10% of the dose that caused a 20% decrease in FEV1 in response to inhalation challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed from the saline- and antigen-challenged segments at 5 minutes and 48 hours after challenge. BAL fluid was analyzed for cell count and differential, distribution of lymphocytes, and concentration of soluble factors ( @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity9 , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, and fibronectin). In addition, BAL cells were cultured ex vivo, and @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity7 generation was measured. RESULTS: Antigen challenge led to similar patterns of cellular recruitment, mediator levels, and BAL cell cytokine generation in both groups; however, the dose of antigen required to promote comparable responses in the airway was significantly less in @entity0 with @entity6 . CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the pattern of acute airway inflammation in response to allergen does not by itself explain antigen-induced @entity8 and @entity6 symptoms. We speculate that other factors, such as increased airway sensitivity to allergen or preexisting airway @entity3 , might explain why @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity11 differ in their clinical and physiologic response to antigen exposure.

title: A comparison of the airway response to segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in XXXX and @entity10 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 and those with @entity10 (without @entity6 ) share many immunopathologic features but differ in the presence of lower airway symptoms in response to antigen. OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare the airway inflammatory response to antigen in @entity0 with @entity12 and @entity10 . METHODS: Segmental bronchoprovocation with saline or ragweed antigen was performed in 9 @entity0 with @entity12 and 9 @entity0 with @entity10 without @entity6 . The antigen dose used in segmental bronchoprovocation was 10% of the dose that caused a 20% decrease in FEV1 in response to inhalation challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed from the saline- and antigen-challenged segments at 5 minutes and 48 hours after challenge. BAL fluid was analyzed for cell count and differential, distribution of lymphocytes, and concentration of soluble factors ( @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity9 , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, and fibronectin). In addition, BAL cells were cultured ex vivo, and @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity7 generation was measured. RESULTS: Antigen challenge led to similar patterns of cellular recruitment, mediator levels, and BAL cell cytokine generation in both groups; however, the dose of antigen required to promote comparable responses in the airway was significantly less in @entity0 with @entity6 . CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the pattern of acute airway inflammation in response to allergen does not by itself explain antigen-induced @entity8 and @entity6 symptoms. We speculate that other factors, such as increased airway sensitivity to allergen or preexisting airway @entity3 , might explain why @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity11 differ in their clinical and physiologic response to antigen exposure.

title: A comparison of the airway response to segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in @entity12 and XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The cause of @entity3 due to toxin F7, an angusticeps-type toxin, isolated from the venom of Dendroaspis angusticeps was studied in anesthetized @entity0 . The carotid arterial blood pressure, the ECG and the @entity6 were recorded. Within a few minutes after i.v. injection of F7 (1 mg/kg), both the rate and amplitude of the @entity6 decreased and @entity6 took place within 15 min in most cases. Before @entity6 , marked @entity5 with various types of @entity4 and oscillation of blood pressure were observed. Artificial ventilation could abolish these cardiovascular changes and maintain the blood pressure for a long period. Toxin F7 caused a transient and slight @entity2 which could be prevented by @entity8 . Intracisternal application of F7 (1 mg/kg) caused a long-lasting @entity2 and @entity5 and the @entity6 time was significantly longer than after i.v. injection. A large dose (50 mg/kg i.p.) of @entity7 , but not smaller doses (5-10 mg/kg), protected @entity0 against @entity6 induced by F7. In @entity1 , the phrenic nerve discharge was prolonged during @entity6 . Since F7 has a potent anticholinesterase activity, it is concluded that the @entity6 induced by F7 is peripheral in origin, chiefly, if not entirely, due to its anticholinesterase activity.

title: A study on the cause of XXXX produced by angusticeps-type toxin F7 isolated from eastern green mamba venom.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Histologic changes in gastric mucosal biopsies were assessed in @entity0 who 2 to 19 years previously had undergone surgery for duodenal @entity4 . Six groups, each of 40 @entity0 , were studied. Surgery had been performed in four groups, viz. P  lya gastrojejunostomy, truncal vagotomy with antrectomy, truncal vagotomy with drainage (gastrojejunostomy or pyloroplasty) or proximal gastric vagotomy. One control group was medically treated for duodenal @entity4 and another had no signs of @entity2 . The incidence of @entity5 was significantly higher after the P  lya operation than after the other three procedures. However, truncal vagotomy with antrectomy and truncal vagotomy and drainage were associated with high incidence of @entity1 . Intramucosal cysts were not seen after proximal gastric vagotomy. Gastric stump @entity3 appeared in three @entity0 after P  lya gastrectomy, with origin in the gastroenterostomy area. The findings indicate vulnerability of that area. All the operations evoked pathologic changes, except for proximal gastric vagotomy, after which the incidence of @entity5 was similar to that found in the control groups.

title: Histologic changes after elective surgery for duodenal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reference intervals can vary based on age and gender. Proper partitioning is necessary to classify health status in different age groups. METHODS: Seven analytes; aldolase, amylase, ceruloplasmin, @entity2 kinase, pancreatic amylase, prealbumin and @entity1 ; were assayed on Roche Modular P analyzers using serum samples from 1765 @entity0 (867 females and 898 males; age range, 6 months to 17 y). Subjects 6 months up to 7 y were undergoing minor surgical procedures. @entity0 7 to 17 y were apparently healthy. Subjects with significant medical history or who were taking any medications were excluded. RESULTS: Separate reference intervals for @entity0 and @entity0 were required for 33% of the groups. Aldolase showed gender variation in the 6-8, 12-14, and 15-17 y. Amylase was the only analyte that showed no significant gender differences within any age group. Both ceruloplasmin and @entity1 had significant differences between the 12-14 and 15-17 y groups. @entity2 kinase exhibited statistically significant gender differences in all age groups with the exception of 6-8 y. CONCLUSION: We verified that when establishing pediatric reference intervals, partitioning by age and gender is frequently necessary.

title: Age and gender specific pediatric reference intervals for aldolase, amylase, ceruloplasmin, XXXX kinase, pancreatic amylase, prealbumin, and @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reference intervals can vary based on age and gender. Proper partitioning is necessary to classify health status in different age groups. METHODS: Seven analytes; aldolase, amylase, ceruloplasmin, @entity2 kinase, pancreatic amylase, prealbumin and @entity1 ; were assayed on Roche Modular P analyzers using serum samples from 1765 @entity0 (867 females and 898 males; age range, 6 months to 17 y). Subjects 6 months up to 7 y were undergoing minor surgical procedures. @entity0 7 to 17 y were apparently healthy. Subjects with significant medical history or who were taking any medications were excluded. RESULTS: Separate reference intervals for @entity0 and @entity0 were required for 33% of the groups. Aldolase showed gender variation in the 6-8, 12-14, and 15-17 y. Amylase was the only analyte that showed no significant gender differences within any age group. Both ceruloplasmin and @entity1 had significant differences between the 12-14 and 15-17 y groups. @entity2 kinase exhibited statistically significant gender differences in all age groups with the exception of 6-8 y. CONCLUSION: We verified that when establishing pediatric reference intervals, partitioning by age and gender is frequently necessary.

title: Age and gender specific pediatric reference intervals for aldolase, amylase, ceruloplasmin, @entity2 kinase, pancreatic amylase, prealbumin, and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many important functions have been attributed to the high-risk @entity1 ) E6 and E7 proteins, including binding and degradation of p53 as well as interacting with Rb proteins. In contrast, the physiological roles of the low-risk E6 and E7 proteins remain unclear. Previous studies demonstrated that the high-risk E6 and E7 proteins also play roles in the productive life cycle by facilitating the maintenance of viral episomes (J. T. Thomas, W. G. Hubert, M. N. Ruesch, and L. A. Laimins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:8449-8454, 1999). In order to determine whether low-risk E6 or E7 is similarly necessary for the stable maintenance of episomes, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) genomes that contained translation termination mutations in E6 or E7 were constructed. Upon transfection into normal @entity0 keratinocytes, genomes in which E6 function was abolished were unable to be maintained episomally. Transfection of genomes containing substitution mutations in @entity2 conserved in high- and low-risk HPV types suggested that multiple protein domains are involved in this process. Examination of cells transfected with @entity3 genomes in which E7 function was inhibited were found to exhibit a more complex phenotype. At the second passage following transfection, mutant genomes were maintained as episomes but at significantly reduced levels than in cells transfected with the wild-type @entity3 genome. Upon further passage in culture, however, the episomal forms of these E7 mutant genomes quickly disappeared. These findings identify important new functions for the low-risk E6 and E7 proteins in the episomal maintenance of low-risk @entity3 genomes and suggest that they may act in a manner similar to that observed for the high-risk proteins.

title: Roles of the E6 and E7 proteins in the life cycle of low-risk XXXX type 11.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity6 antagonist @entity4 ( @entity5 ) has become established as the most commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) but is commonly discontinued due to adverse effects. Adverse effects are thought to be mediated via @entity6 antagonism. In this paper we summarize the current data on the use of @entity8 as a supplement to @entity5 use in @entity2 for the prevention of adverse effects and as a potential modulator of cardiovascular risk, and propose guidelines for standard practice. METHODS: A Medline search was performed using the search terms " @entity4 ", " @entity6 ", " @entity7 ", " @entity6 " and " @entity3 ". Literature relevant to the use of @entity8 as a supplement to @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 was reviewed and other papers referred to as references were explored. RESULTS: The use of supplemental @entity8 , including folic and @entity7 , in @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity5 has been shown to improve continuation rates by reducing the incidence of liver function test abnormalities and gastrointestinal intolerance. @entity6 supplements do not appear to significantly reduce the effectiveness of @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 . Furthermore, supplemental @entity6 offsets the elevation in plasma @entity3 associated with the use of @entity5 . This may in turn reduce the risk of @entity1 , which is over-represented amongst @entity0 with @entity2 , and for which hyperhomocysteinaemia is now recognized as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that @entity6 supplements be prescribed routinely to all @entity0 receiving @entity5 for the treatment of @entity2 . We recommend a pragmatic dosing schedule of 5 mg of oral @entity6 given on the morning following the day of @entity5 administration.

title: @entity6 supplementation and XXXX treatment in @entity2 : a review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity6 antagonist @entity4 ( @entity5 ) has become established as the most commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) but is commonly discontinued due to adverse effects. Adverse effects are thought to be mediated via @entity6 antagonism. In this paper we summarize the current data on the use of @entity8 as a supplement to @entity5 use in @entity2 for the prevention of adverse effects and as a potential modulator of cardiovascular risk, and propose guidelines for standard practice. METHODS: A Medline search was performed using the search terms " @entity4 ", " @entity6 ", " @entity7 ", " @entity6 " and " @entity3 ". Literature relevant to the use of @entity8 as a supplement to @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 was reviewed and other papers referred to as references were explored. RESULTS: The use of supplemental @entity8 , including folic and @entity7 , in @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity5 has been shown to improve continuation rates by reducing the incidence of liver function test abnormalities and gastrointestinal intolerance. @entity6 supplements do not appear to significantly reduce the effectiveness of @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 . Furthermore, supplemental @entity6 offsets the elevation in plasma @entity3 associated with the use of @entity5 . This may in turn reduce the risk of @entity1 , which is over-represented amongst @entity0 with @entity2 , and for which hyperhomocysteinaemia is now recognized as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that @entity6 supplements be prescribed routinely to all @entity0 receiving @entity5 for the treatment of @entity2 . We recommend a pragmatic dosing schedule of 5 mg of oral @entity6 given on the morning following the day of @entity5 administration.

title: XXXX supplementation and @entity4 treatment in @entity2 : a review.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity6 antagonist @entity4 ( @entity5 ) has become established as the most commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) but is commonly discontinued due to adverse effects. Adverse effects are thought to be mediated via @entity6 antagonism. In this paper we summarize the current data on the use of @entity8 as a supplement to @entity5 use in @entity2 for the prevention of adverse effects and as a potential modulator of cardiovascular risk, and propose guidelines for standard practice. METHODS: A Medline search was performed using the search terms " @entity4 ", " @entity6 ", " @entity7 ", " @entity6 " and " @entity3 ". Literature relevant to the use of @entity8 as a supplement to @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 was reviewed and other papers referred to as references were explored. RESULTS: The use of supplemental @entity8 , including folic and @entity7 , in @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity5 has been shown to improve continuation rates by reducing the incidence of liver function test abnormalities and gastrointestinal intolerance. @entity6 supplements do not appear to significantly reduce the effectiveness of @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 . Furthermore, supplemental @entity6 offsets the elevation in plasma @entity3 associated with the use of @entity5 . This may in turn reduce the risk of @entity1 , which is over-represented amongst @entity0 with @entity2 , and for which hyperhomocysteinaemia is now recognized as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that @entity6 supplements be prescribed routinely to all @entity0 receiving @entity5 for the treatment of @entity2 . We recommend a pragmatic dosing schedule of 5 mg of oral @entity6 given on the morning following the day of @entity5 administration.

title: @entity6 supplementation and @entity4 treatment in XXXX : a review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: During the last 10 years 52 @entity0 with acute @entity3 underwent surgery. There were 19 males and 33 females with a mean age of 73.0 years. 33 @entity0 (63.5%) died postoperatively within 30 days. In 12 cases laparotomy demonstrated inoperability. Resections of the @entity1 small intestine were performed in 21 cases, in 6 cases also of the colon. Resections of the intestine were combined in 16 cases with vascular procedures (embolectomy or thrombendarterectomy of the mesenteric superior artery or implantation of aorto-mesenterial or iliaco-mesenterial bypass). In 5 @entity0 a second look - operation was performed with 2 survivors. In 3 cases the clinical diagnosis of @entity3 was proven by preoperative angiography. The prognosis of @entity2 can only be improved by early diagnosis and operative treatment. Surgery is aimed at removing the @entity1 tissue and restoring an adequate blood flow to the remaining bowel.

title: [Acute XXXX --clinical aspects, therapy, prognosis].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Hibernation is an energy-conserving behavior consisting of periods of inhibited metabolism ('torpor') with lowered body temperature. Torpor bouts are interspersed by arousal periods, in which metabolism increases and body temperature returns to euthermia. In deep torpor, the body temperature typically decreases to 2-10   C, and major physiological and immunological changes occur. One of these alterations constitutes an almost complete depletion of circulating lymphocytes that is reversed rapidly upon arousal. Here we show that torpor induces the storage of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs in response to a temperature-dependent drop in plasma levels of @entity6 ( @entity7 ). Regulation of lymphocyte numbers was mediated through the type 1 @entity7 receptor ( @entity7 (1)), because administration of a specific antagonist (W146) during torpor (in a @entity2 at    8   C) precluded restoration of lymphocyte numbers upon subsequent arousal. Furthermore, @entity7 release from erythrocytes via @entity3 -binding cassette (ABC)-transporters was significantly inhibited at low body temperature (4   C) but was restored upon rewarming. Reversible @entity5 also was observed during daily torpor (in a Djungarian hamster at    25   C), during forced @entity4 in anesthetized (summer-active) hamsters (at    9   C), and in a nonhibernator ( @entity1 at    19   C). Our results demonstrate that @entity5 during hibernation in small mammals is driven by body temperature, via altered plasma @entity7 levels. @entity7 is recognized as an important bioactive lipid involved in regulating several other physiological processes as well and may be an important factor regulating additional physiological processes in hibernation as well as in mediating the effects of therapeutic @entity4 in @entity0 .

title: Low body temperature governs the decline of circulating lymphocytes during hibernation through XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The evaluation of comparative pregnancy data in clinical studies is subject to a variety of biases. One such bias, when treated @entity0 are retrospectively compared with untreated control subjects, results from the fact that treated @entity0 must remain infertile from time of diagnosis to time of treatment while no such requirements is maintained for untreated control subjects. This bias is also apparent when @entity0 undergo sequential treatments and transfer from one comparison group to another. We have eliminated this problem by applying the Mantel-Byar approach for constructing and comparing modified life tables that reflect sequential changes of treatment status. To illustrate this we applied commonly used methods of analysis as well as the Mantel-Byar method to infertile @entity1 @entity0 attempting pregnancy. One hundred thirty consecutive @entity0 were evaluated retrospectively, with 42 undergoing expectant management only, seven experiencing a conservative surgical procedure only, and 81 having a conservative surgical procedure after a variable period of expectant management. Use of Mantel-Byar analysis revealed no significant overall increase in pregnancy rate with conservative surgical procedures versus expectant management (chi 2 = 0.225, df = 1). To further assess the potential value of conservative surgical procedures in fertility enhancement, the data were stratified by degree of @entity1 . The adjusted chi 2 was 1.621. No significant difference was noted between the two therapeutic approaches with mild disease (n = 35, chi 2 = 0.0175) or moderate @entity1 (n = 59, chi 2 = 0.424). Conservative surgical procedures appear to be therapeutic, however, in @entity0 with severe disease (n = 36, chi 2 = 5.12, p less than 0.05). These results differed substantially from those obtained with the more biased analytic methods routinely used in clinical fertility trials. This study illustrates the utility of the Mantel-Byar approach as a valuable tool in the evaluation of response time data involving transient therapeutic states and one particularly adaptable to retrospective @entity2 studies involving sequential treatment approaches.

title: Analysis of sequential treatment protocols for @entity1 -associated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The evaluation of comparative pregnancy data in clinical studies is subject to a variety of biases. One such bias, when treated @entity0 are retrospectively compared with untreated control subjects, results from the fact that treated @entity0 must remain infertile from time of diagnosis to time of treatment while no such requirements is maintained for untreated control subjects. This bias is also apparent when @entity0 undergo sequential treatments and transfer from one comparison group to another. We have eliminated this problem by applying the Mantel-Byar approach for constructing and comparing modified life tables that reflect sequential changes of treatment status. To illustrate this we applied commonly used methods of analysis as well as the Mantel-Byar method to infertile @entity1 @entity0 attempting pregnancy. One hundred thirty consecutive @entity0 were evaluated retrospectively, with 42 undergoing expectant management only, seven experiencing a conservative surgical procedure only, and 81 having a conservative surgical procedure after a variable period of expectant management. Use of Mantel-Byar analysis revealed no significant overall increase in pregnancy rate with conservative surgical procedures versus expectant management (chi 2 = 0.225, df = 1). To further assess the potential value of conservative surgical procedures in fertility enhancement, the data were stratified by degree of @entity1 . The adjusted chi 2 was 1.621. No significant difference was noted between the two therapeutic approaches with mild disease (n = 35, chi 2 = 0.0175) or moderate @entity1 (n = 59, chi 2 = 0.424). Conservative surgical procedures appear to be therapeutic, however, in @entity0 with severe disease (n = 36, chi 2 = 5.12, p less than 0.05). These results differed substantially from those obtained with the more biased analytic methods routinely used in clinical fertility trials. This study illustrates the utility of the Mantel-Byar approach as a valuable tool in the evaluation of response time data involving transient therapeutic states and one particularly adaptable to retrospective @entity2 studies involving sequential treatment approaches.

title: Analysis of sequential treatment protocols for XXXX -associated @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: METHODS: Both isolated perfused hearts and isolated ventricular myocytes from GK and matched control @entity1 @entity1 hearts were studied. Percent myocyte twitch shortening (%TS) and corresponding intracellular @entity4 transients (indo-1 fluorescence ratio, R) were measured over a range of stimulation frequencies (0.5-2.5 Hz; 32 degrees C, n = 16-24 cells). In isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts, we measured systolic LV pressure (LVP(max)), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximal rate of LV pressure rise (LV dP/dt(max)) and fall (LV dP/dt(min)) and isovolumic LV relaxation (exponential time constant, T) both at baseline and during brief (10 minutes) @entity5 . RESULTS: The %TS and corresponding indo-1 R were similar between GK and control myocytes at all stimulation frequencies (e.g. at 2.5 Hz: % TS = 8.6 +/- 0.77 and 8.2 +/- 0.19; R = 0.19 +/- 0.009 and 0.18 +/- 0.018, GK and control respectively, P = NS). Similarly, there were no significant differences in baseline LVP(max) (129 +/- 6.2 and 135 +/- 9.6 mmHg; GK and control respectively, P = NS), LV dP/dt(max) (3169.5 +/- 165.80 and 3390.6 +/- 232.60 mmHg/s; GK and control respectively, P = NS), LV dP/dt(min) or T (24 +/- 0.7 and 25 +/- 0.6 ms, GK and control respectively, P = NS). During 10 min @entity5 , LV dP/dt(max) decreased significantly more, and LVEDP and T increased significantly more, in GK compared to control hearts (LV dP/dt(max): 668.90 +/- 32.8 versus 1027.10 +/- 84.0 mmHg/s; LVEDP: 21.4 +/- 4.3 versus 11.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg; T: 102 +/- 13.8 versus 56 +/- 3.0 ms; GK versus control respectively; all P < 0.05). These abnormalities in GK hearts were reversed with acute addition of insulin (0.01 i. u./ml) to the perfusion buffer. CONCLUSION: The GK model of @entity8 a mild @entity3 evident as exaggerated @entity2 during @entity5 . The mechanism is likely to involve @entity6 . Experimental study of cardiac function in the @entity0 heart has focussed mostly on models of @entity7 . We studied cardiac function in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) @entity1 , an inbred model of spontaneous non-obese, @entity8 .

title: Cardiac dysfunction in the Goto-Kakizaki @entity1 . A model of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: METHODS: Both isolated perfused hearts and isolated ventricular myocytes from GK and matched control @entity1 @entity1 hearts were studied. Percent myocyte twitch shortening (%TS) and corresponding intracellular @entity4 transients (indo-1 fluorescence ratio, R) were measured over a range of stimulation frequencies (0.5-2.5 Hz; 32 degrees C, n = 16-24 cells). In isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts, we measured systolic LV pressure (LVP(max)), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximal rate of LV pressure rise (LV dP/dt(max)) and fall (LV dP/dt(min)) and isovolumic LV relaxation (exponential time constant, T) both at baseline and during brief (10 minutes) @entity5 . RESULTS: The %TS and corresponding indo-1 R were similar between GK and control myocytes at all stimulation frequencies (e.g. at 2.5 Hz: % TS = 8.6 +/- 0.77 and 8.2 +/- 0.19; R = 0.19 +/- 0.009 and 0.18 +/- 0.018, GK and control respectively, P = NS). Similarly, there were no significant differences in baseline LVP(max) (129 +/- 6.2 and 135 +/- 9.6 mmHg; GK and control respectively, P = NS), LV dP/dt(max) (3169.5 +/- 165.80 and 3390.6 +/- 232.60 mmHg/s; GK and control respectively, P = NS), LV dP/dt(min) or T (24 +/- 0.7 and 25 +/- 0.6 ms, GK and control respectively, P = NS). During 10 min @entity5 , LV dP/dt(max) decreased significantly more, and LVEDP and T increased significantly more, in GK compared to control hearts (LV dP/dt(max): 668.90 +/- 32.8 versus 1027.10 +/- 84.0 mmHg/s; LVEDP: 21.4 +/- 4.3 versus 11.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg; T: 102 +/- 13.8 versus 56 +/- 3.0 ms; GK versus control respectively; all P < 0.05). These abnormalities in GK hearts were reversed with acute addition of insulin (0.01 i. u./ml) to the perfusion buffer. CONCLUSION: The GK model of @entity8 a mild @entity3 evident as exaggerated @entity2 during @entity5 . The mechanism is likely to involve @entity6 . Experimental study of cardiac function in the @entity0 heart has focussed mostly on models of @entity7 . We studied cardiac function in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) @entity1 , an inbred model of spontaneous non-obese, @entity8 .

title: Cardiac dysfunction in the Goto-Kakizaki XXXX . A model of @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physiological changes and immunological modifications occur during pregnancy. The clinical and biological features of periodontal @entity1 are affected by pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate saliva levels of @entity8 ( @entity7 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in pregnancy, postpartum and non-pregnant controls. METHODS: Whole saliva samples together with full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 59 pregnant, 47 post partum and 70 systemically healthy non-pregnant @entity0 . Groups were also evaluated according to the periodontal health status. @entity7 , @entity3 and @entity2 levels in the saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Data were statistically tested by nonparametrical tests. RESULTS: Saliva @entity2 and @entity3 levels were significantly lower and @entity7 levels were significantly higher in the pregnant group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). Saliva @entity2 and @entity7 levels were significantly higher and @entity3 levels were significantly lower in the control group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). In the pregnant healthy, @entity6 and @entity5 groups saliva @entity2 levels were significantly lower than postpartum and control counterparts (p<0.0001, p=0.032, p=0.003 and p=0.013; p=0.027; p=0.007, respectively). In control healthy, @entity6 and @entity5 groups saliva @entity7 levels were significantly higher than the postpartum counterparts (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). In the control healthy and @entity6 groups saliva @entity7 levels were significantly higher than pregnant healthy and @entity6 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, within the limits of the present study it seems that pregnancy have an effect on parameters in saliva in relation to the periodontal status of the @entity0 . Further studies are required for better understanding of the impact of @entity4 on pregnancy or otherwise.

title: Evaluation of the gingival inflammation in pregnancy and postpartum via @entity8 , @entity3 and XXXX levels in saliva.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physiological changes and immunological modifications occur during pregnancy. The clinical and biological features of periodontal @entity1 are affected by pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate saliva levels of @entity8 ( @entity7 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in pregnancy, postpartum and non-pregnant controls. METHODS: Whole saliva samples together with full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 59 pregnant, 47 post partum and 70 systemically healthy non-pregnant @entity0 . Groups were also evaluated according to the periodontal health status. @entity7 , @entity3 and @entity2 levels in the saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Data were statistically tested by nonparametrical tests. RESULTS: Saliva @entity2 and @entity3 levels were significantly lower and @entity7 levels were significantly higher in the pregnant group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). Saliva @entity2 and @entity7 levels were significantly higher and @entity3 levels were significantly lower in the control group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). In the pregnant healthy, @entity6 and @entity5 groups saliva @entity2 levels were significantly lower than postpartum and control counterparts (p<0.0001, p=0.032, p=0.003 and p=0.013; p=0.027; p=0.007, respectively). In control healthy, @entity6 and @entity5 groups saliva @entity7 levels were significantly higher than the postpartum counterparts (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). In the control healthy and @entity6 groups saliva @entity7 levels were significantly higher than pregnant healthy and @entity6 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, within the limits of the present study it seems that pregnancy have an effect on parameters in saliva in relation to the periodontal status of the @entity0 . Further studies are required for better understanding of the impact of @entity4 on pregnancy or otherwise.

title: Evaluation of the gingival inflammation in pregnancy and postpartum via @entity8 , XXXX and @entity2 levels in saliva.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physiological changes and immunological modifications occur during pregnancy. The clinical and biological features of periodontal @entity1 are affected by pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate saliva levels of @entity8 ( @entity7 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in pregnancy, postpartum and non-pregnant controls. METHODS: Whole saliva samples together with full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 59 pregnant, 47 post partum and 70 systemically healthy non-pregnant @entity0 . Groups were also evaluated according to the periodontal health status. @entity7 , @entity3 and @entity2 levels in the saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Data were statistically tested by nonparametrical tests. RESULTS: Saliva @entity2 and @entity3 levels were significantly lower and @entity7 levels were significantly higher in the pregnant group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). Saliva @entity2 and @entity7 levels were significantly higher and @entity3 levels were significantly lower in the control group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). In the pregnant healthy, @entity6 and @entity5 groups saliva @entity2 levels were significantly lower than postpartum and control counterparts (p<0.0001, p=0.032, p=0.003 and p=0.013; p=0.027; p=0.007, respectively). In control healthy, @entity6 and @entity5 groups saliva @entity7 levels were significantly higher than the postpartum counterparts (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). In the control healthy and @entity6 groups saliva @entity7 levels were significantly higher than pregnant healthy and @entity6 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, within the limits of the present study it seems that pregnancy have an effect on parameters in saliva in relation to the periodontal status of the @entity0 . Further studies are required for better understanding of the impact of @entity4 on pregnancy or otherwise.

title: Evaluation of the gingival inflammation in pregnancy and postpartum via XXXX , @entity3 and @entity2 levels in saliva.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Influenza pandemics can severely impact @entity0 health and society. Understanding public perception and behavior toward @entity2 pandemics is important for minimizing the effects of such events. Public perception and behavior are expected to change over the course of an @entity2 pandemic, but this idea has received little attention in previous studies. Our study aimed to understand the dynamics of public perception and behavior over the course of the 2009 H1N1 @entity2 pandemic. Three consecutive cross-sectional surveys were administered among Beijing residents with random-digit dialing techniques in March 2008 and August and November 2009. Effective samples of 507, 508 and 1006 respondents were interviewed in each of the three surveys, respectively. The mean scores of risk perception were low to moderate across the three surveys. The perceived risk of @entity1 of self was significantly lower than that of the community, revealing an optimistic bias. Longitudinally, the perceived risk of contracting H1N1 increased, whereas the perceived risk of being unable to obtain medicine and medical care once @entity2 permeated the community first increased and then decreased. Responsive actions toward @entity2 varied. Most respondents took actions that required little extra effort, such as ventilating rooms; these actions did not change over time. Comparatively, a smaller number of respondents took actions for coping with @entity2 , such as vaccination; however, these actions were taken by an increasing number of respondents over time. The association between risk perception and behavior was unstable. Positive, insignificant, and negative associations were obtained in the three surveys. In conclusion, the evolving patterns of risk perception and responsive behavior over the course of an @entity2 pandemic are sensitive to how risk and behavior are defined and scoped.

title: XXXX at Risk of Influenza Pandemics: The Evolution of Perception and Behavior.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 takes place among the leading causes of mortality in @entity0 . This study aimed to determine the risk factors of @entity5 -related @entity3 among @entity0 younger than 5 years in Istanbul, @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted using the records of the Morgue Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul. The records of cases autopsied between 2008 and 2012 were retrospectively investigated. Of all preschool @entity0 @entity3 , 203 @entity5 -related @entity3 were included in the study. RESULTS: Of all, 117 (57.6%) were males and 86 (42.4%) were females. Most cases (107, 52.70%) were between the ages of 12 and 36 months. The most common mechanism of injury was "fall from a height" with 97 cases (47.78%), followed by "traffic accidents" (67, 33%) and "hit by falling objects" (19, 9.35%). Skull @entity2 was detected in 176 cases (86.69%), of which 81 (46.02%) were characterized with linear @entity2 . Furthermore, skull @entity2 was accompanied by 1 or more skeletal bone @entity2 in 64 cases. @entity6 was investigated in 5 cases of suspected physical abuse and only 2 of them showed @entity6 findings. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained findings revealed that fall from a height was the leading cause of @entity3 among unnatural @entity3 in @entity0 younger than 5 years. Domestic accident was found to be a significant risk factor in childhood @entity3 . Traffic fatalities were among leading causes of @entity3 in childhood in our country, likewise in all around the world. @entity0 were found to be more vulnerable to @entity1 when they start to move around with incomplete motor skills. Therefore, education of parents in terms of @entity0 supervision and installing safety precautions toward preschool @entity0 will be helpful in preventing such injuries. On the contrary to some findings in the literature, more severe lesions were also prominent even in case of short-range falls from a height.

title: XXXX -Related Deaths Among Preschool @entity0 in Istanbul, @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 takes place among the leading causes of mortality in @entity0 . This study aimed to determine the risk factors of @entity5 -related @entity3 among @entity0 younger than 5 years in Istanbul, @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted using the records of the Morgue Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul. The records of cases autopsied between 2008 and 2012 were retrospectively investigated. Of all preschool @entity0 @entity3 , 203 @entity5 -related @entity3 were included in the study. RESULTS: Of all, 117 (57.6%) were males and 86 (42.4%) were females. Most cases (107, 52.70%) were between the ages of 12 and 36 months. The most common mechanism of injury was "fall from a height" with 97 cases (47.78%), followed by "traffic accidents" (67, 33%) and "hit by falling objects" (19, 9.35%). Skull @entity2 was detected in 176 cases (86.69%), of which 81 (46.02%) were characterized with linear @entity2 . Furthermore, skull @entity2 was accompanied by 1 or more skeletal bone @entity2 in 64 cases. @entity6 was investigated in 5 cases of suspected physical abuse and only 2 of them showed @entity6 findings. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained findings revealed that fall from a height was the leading cause of @entity3 among unnatural @entity3 in @entity0 younger than 5 years. Domestic accident was found to be a significant risk factor in childhood @entity3 . Traffic fatalities were among leading causes of @entity3 in childhood in our country, likewise in all around the world. @entity0 were found to be more vulnerable to @entity1 when they start to move around with incomplete motor skills. Therefore, education of parents in terms of @entity0 supervision and installing safety precautions toward preschool @entity0 will be helpful in preventing such injuries. On the contrary to some findings in the literature, more severe lesions were also prominent even in case of short-range falls from a height.

title: @entity5 -Related Deaths Among Preschool @entity0 in Istanbul, XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 takes place among the leading causes of mortality in @entity0 . This study aimed to determine the risk factors of @entity5 -related @entity3 among @entity0 younger than 5 years in Istanbul, @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted using the records of the Morgue Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul. The records of cases autopsied between 2008 and 2012 were retrospectively investigated. Of all preschool @entity0 @entity3 , 203 @entity5 -related @entity3 were included in the study. RESULTS: Of all, 117 (57.6%) were males and 86 (42.4%) were females. Most cases (107, 52.70%) were between the ages of 12 and 36 months. The most common mechanism of injury was "fall from a height" with 97 cases (47.78%), followed by "traffic accidents" (67, 33%) and "hit by falling objects" (19, 9.35%). Skull @entity2 was detected in 176 cases (86.69%), of which 81 (46.02%) were characterized with linear @entity2 . Furthermore, skull @entity2 was accompanied by 1 or more skeletal bone @entity2 in 64 cases. @entity6 was investigated in 5 cases of suspected physical abuse and only 2 of them showed @entity6 findings. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained findings revealed that fall from a height was the leading cause of @entity3 among unnatural @entity3 in @entity0 younger than 5 years. Domestic accident was found to be a significant risk factor in childhood @entity3 . Traffic fatalities were among leading causes of @entity3 in childhood in our country, likewise in all around the world. @entity0 were found to be more vulnerable to @entity1 when they start to move around with incomplete motor skills. Therefore, education of parents in terms of @entity0 supervision and installing safety precautions toward preschool @entity0 will be helpful in preventing such injuries. On the contrary to some findings in the literature, more severe lesions were also prominent even in case of short-range falls from a height.

title: @entity5 -Related Deaths Among Preschool XXXX in Istanbul, @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of @entity11 in Europe is estimated at one case per 100,000 @entity0 /year. Despite the low incidence of @entity10 infection, it can result in a nodular lesion simulating @entity1 . We report a case of @entity11 , mimicking @entity1 , which led to a lobectomy. CASE REPORT: It was a right pulmonary upper lobe nodule found in a 63-year-old @entity7 @entity0 , partially nephrectomized for @entity5 , and weekly treated by @entity8 for @entity3 . FDG uptake was weakly positive on PET-CT (SUV=2.2) in the upper fissure. Bronchoscopy yielded no lesions and no bacteriological findings. Percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy revealed @entity9 stage T1 (a) N0M0. An upper lobectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed @entity6 surrounded by giant cells suggestive of @entity12 . The bronchial washing fluid culture was positive for @entity10 after 7 weeks. CONCLUSION: In pseudo-neoplastic forms of @entity11 , the presence of alveolar, inflammatory cytonuclear abnormalities can mimic an @entity4 . Making the difference between the cytonuclears defects related to @entity2 remains a daily challenge in histopathology.

title: [ @entity10 tumoral infection mimicking a XXXX : A potential diagnostic pitfall].

answer: @entity9


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of @entity11 in Europe is estimated at one case per 100,000 @entity0 /year. Despite the low incidence of @entity10 infection, it can result in a nodular lesion simulating @entity1 . We report a case of @entity11 , mimicking @entity1 , which led to a lobectomy. CASE REPORT: It was a right pulmonary upper lobe nodule found in a 63-year-old @entity7 @entity0 , partially nephrectomized for @entity5 , and weekly treated by @entity8 for @entity3 . FDG uptake was weakly positive on PET-CT (SUV=2.2) in the upper fissure. Bronchoscopy yielded no lesions and no bacteriological findings. Percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy revealed @entity9 stage T1 (a) N0M0. An upper lobectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed @entity6 surrounded by giant cells suggestive of @entity12 . The bronchial washing fluid culture was positive for @entity10 after 7 weeks. CONCLUSION: In pseudo-neoplastic forms of @entity11 , the presence of alveolar, inflammatory cytonuclear abnormalities can mimic an @entity4 . Making the difference between the cytonuclears defects related to @entity2 remains a daily challenge in histopathology.

title: [ XXXX tumoral infection mimicking a @entity9 : A potential diagnostic pitfall].

answer: @entity10


abstract: AIM: To point out the morphologic, clinic and therapeutic aspects of @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: 34 @entity3 (21 males and 13 females, aged between 21 and 68 years), admitted in the last 15 years were analyzed. They were true cysts in 3 cases (9.9%) and @entity4 in 31 cases (91.1%), located on the head of the pancreas in 8 cases, on the body in 19, on the tail in 6 and on the body and tail in 1 case. We noticed in the past medical history of the @entity0 with @entity4 a recent acute @entity3 attack (26 cases), chronic @entity3 (4 cases) or a recent abdominal trauma (1 case). The delay between the acute @entity3 attack and the onset of the pseudocyst varied between 18 days and 2 months. The diagnosis was established by clinical picture (Shefer-Silvis triad), laboratory findings and imaging tests (barium meals, ultrasound test and/or CT test). Thirty cases (27 @entity4 and 3 true @entity1 ) were operated on: the main surgical procedures were cystogastrostomy (12 cases), cystojejunostomy (6 cases) or cystoduodenostomy (3 cases); we also performed distal pancreatectomy (3 cases), laparostomy or external drainage in 5 cases. RESULTS: We registered 1 death (mortality rate of 3.3%), 2 pancreatic fistulae, 1 @entity3 and 2 recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The pseudocyst, as an evolutionary complication of acute or chronic @entity3 , is the most frequent @entity1 , true @entity2 being extremely rare. 2. The diagnosis is established by clinical pictures, laboratory findings and imaging tests. 3. The treatment is surgical, cystogastrostomy or cystojejunostomy being the main surgical procedures.

title: XXXX of the pancreas. Considerations upon 34 operated cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify morbidity and mortality in newborns with @entity1 of the anterior abdominal wall. DESIGN: Descriptive, comparative, and retrospective study. @entity0 : Thirty nine @entity0 with @entity6 and 26 @entity0 with omphalocele. RESULTS: Median size of the defect in the @entity6 group was 4 cm. @entity0 underwent primary closure en 41% of cases. Post-surgical morbidity occurred in 74% of @entity0 with @entity3 the main complication in 61.5%. A total of 16.2% died mainly due to @entity4 and @entity3 . In the omphalocele group, median size of defect was 5.5 cm. Primary closure was done in 65% of @entity0 . Complications occurred in 65% of newborns, @entity3 was the most frequent complication (46%). Mortality rate was 16.6% related to @entity4 and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The main causes of morbidity in the two groups were @entity2 and @entity4 . Mortality rate was similar to that reported in the world literature for @entity6 and slightly lower for omphalocele.

title: [Morbidity and mortality in newborns with omphalocele and XXXX anterior abdominal wall defects].

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity0 with endoscopically documented duodenal @entity4 participated in a double-blind, multicenter trial comparing placebo with @entity3 100 micrograms administered q.i.d. for up to four weeks in the treatment of duodenal @entity4 . Ulcers were examined endoscopically at two weeks and, if not healed, again at four weeks. @entity5 was permitted for @entity1 relief. At four weeks, of 286 @entity0 admitted to the study, the cumulative healing rate for the 227 evaluable @entity0 was 64.9% for @entity3 and 47.4% for placebo (P = 0.008). @entity3 was also significantly superior to placebo in promoting @entity4 when all @entity0 entering the study (intent-to-treat cohort) were compared (P = 0.018), and in a modified intent-to-treat cohort consisting of all @entity0 whose final endoscopic results were known (P = 0.005). @entity4 symptoms were similar in both treatment groups, and most @entity0 in both groups were @entity1 free at the end of the first two weeks of treatment. @entity2 was the most frequently reported adverse experience (8.5% for @entity3 and 3.5% for placebo). This symptom was mild and self-limiting in spite of continued use of @entity3 . We conclude that @entity3 100 micrograms q.i.d. for four weeks is safe and effective in the healing of duodenal @entity4 .

title: @entity3 in the treatment of duodenal XXXX . A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 with endoscopically documented duodenal @entity4 participated in a double-blind, multicenter trial comparing placebo with @entity3 100 micrograms administered q.i.d. for up to four weeks in the treatment of duodenal @entity4 . Ulcers were examined endoscopically at two weeks and, if not healed, again at four weeks. @entity5 was permitted for @entity1 relief. At four weeks, of 286 @entity0 admitted to the study, the cumulative healing rate for the 227 evaluable @entity0 was 64.9% for @entity3 and 47.4% for placebo (P = 0.008). @entity3 was also significantly superior to placebo in promoting @entity4 when all @entity0 entering the study (intent-to-treat cohort) were compared (P = 0.018), and in a modified intent-to-treat cohort consisting of all @entity0 whose final endoscopic results were known (P = 0.005). @entity4 symptoms were similar in both treatment groups, and most @entity0 in both groups were @entity1 free at the end of the first two weeks of treatment. @entity2 was the most frequently reported adverse experience (8.5% for @entity3 and 3.5% for placebo). This symptom was mild and self-limiting in spite of continued use of @entity3 . We conclude that @entity3 100 micrograms q.i.d. for four weeks is safe and effective in the healing of duodenal @entity4 .

title: XXXX in the treatment of duodenal @entity4 . A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The developmental potential of @entity0 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) holds great promise to provide a source of @entity0 hepatocytes for use in drug discovery, toxicology, @entity1 research, and extracorporeal bioartificial liver support. There are, however, limitations to induce fully functional hepatocytes on conventional two-dimensional (2D) static culture. It had been shown that dynamic three-dimensional (3D) perfusion culture is superior to induce maturation in fetal hepatocytes and prolong hepatic functions of primary adult hepatocytes. We investigated the potential of using a four-compartment 3D perfusion culture to induce hepatic differentiation in hESC. Undifferentiated hESC were inoculated into hollow fiber-based 3D perfusion bioreactors with integral oxygenation. Hepatic differentiation was induced with a multistep growth factor cocktail protocol. Parallel controls were operated under equal perfusion conditions without the growth factor supplementations to allow for spontaneous differentiation, as well as in conventional 2D static conditions using growth factors. Metabolism, hepatocyte-specific gene expression, protein expression, and hepatic function were evaluated after 20 days. Significantly upregulated hepatic gene expression was observed in the hepatic differentiation 3D culture group. Ammonia metabolism activity and albumin production was observed in the 3D directed differentiation culture. Drug-induced @entity3 gene expression was increased with @entity2 induction. Using flow cytometry analysis the mature hepatocyte marker asialoglycoprotein receptor was found on up to 30% of the cells in the 3D system with directed hepatic differentiation. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed @entity1 and biliary marker-positive cells. In contrast to 2D culture, the 3D perfusion culture induced more functional maturation in hESC-derived hepatic cells. 3D perfusion bioreactor technologies may be useful for further studies on generating hESC-derived hepatic cells.

title: Hepatic differentiation of XXXX embryonic stem cells is promoted by three-dimensional dynamic perfusion culture conditions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cardiac, thyroid and pulmonary function were evaluated in 25 @entity0 aged 35 years or under, treated for @entity3 by mantle radiotherapy 5-16 years previously. No @entity0 had symptoms of @entity2 . Although thallium myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was normal in all @entity0 , @entity1 were detected in 6 (24%) @entity0 using gated equilibrium rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was abnormal in 1 @entity0 , and in 3 @entity0 there was an abnormal LVEF response to exercise. All 6 @entity0 had @entity4 . @entity7 was present in 4 of these @entity0 . A small asymptomatic pericardial effusion was detected by M-Mode echocardiography in only 2 (8%) @entity0 . Twenty-three (92%) @entity0 had evidence of @entity5 . Two (8%) @entity0 had become clinically @entity6 . Serum TSH was elevated in 13 (52%) @entity0 and TRH stimulation test was abnormal in a further 10 (40%) @entity0 in whom TSH was normal. Pulmonary function studies showed a moderate decrease in diffusing capacity (72% of predicted) and a minor reduction in lung volume. Although a high incidence of @entity2 was detected, only the 2 @entity0 who had become @entity6 were symptomatic. Modification of the irradiation technique may reduce the incidence of @entity2 , but is unlikely to alter significantly the thyroid or pulmonary sequelae.

title: Late cardiac, thyroid, and pulmonary sequelae of mantle radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Research was carried out on various aspects of @entity5 in a West African population. A national survey of childhood @entity5 was completed to discover the incidence and causes of severe to profound @entity2 in The Republic of the Gambia. A large school screening campaign was conducted to determine the prevalence of @entity4 in Gambian @entity0 . Smaller studies concerned the @entity2 among @entity3 @entity0 ; the disease pattern of audiology clinic @entity0 in both urban and rural areas; the degree of @entity2 associated with @entity6 media and the @entity7 serology of a group of Gambian @entity0 and @entity0 . It was found that @entity3 was a major @entity1 causing @entity5 . @entity7 and measles, often causes of @entity5 in other tropical countries, did not seem to be of such importance in The Gambia. Familial factors also accounted for little of the childhood @entity5 as far as it was possible to tell. Chronic @entity4 could give rise to considerable @entity2 but rarely led to the dangerous complications often seen in other tropical communities. Effective medical and audiological services for the deaf are difficult to implement in developing countries. A primarily preventive approach may prove to be the most rational way of helping the deaf in The Gambia.

title: A study of XXXX in West Africa: the Gambian Hearing Health Project.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A formulation of 2% @entity6 (CS) ophthalmic solution without the preservative, @entity7 , was compared with placebo in 58 @entity0 with @entity1 . Selection was based on history and positive skin tests. Neither immunotherapy nor use of antihistamines was allowed. This study was double-blinded and stratified by RAST scores to assure comparable groups. Either CS or placebo was used six times daily. @entity0 were observed weekly for 5 weeks during the peak of the fall weed-pollen exposure. Nasal symptoms were treated as required with @entity3 nasal spray, and uncontrolled ocular symptoms were treated with @entity5 and @entity4 solution. Nasal and ocular symptoms were recorded. There was a significant @entity2 in the group receiving CS ophthalmic solution (p less than 0.02) during weeks 2, 4, and 5. There was a trend for nasal symptoms and the requirement for nasal @entity3 to be less in @entity0 receiving CS.

title: Cromolyn sodium in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: This study was designed to isolate and characterize the @entity0 microbiota of the musts and wines of a young denomination of origin area, Ribeira Sacra in north-west Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS: Over three consecutive years (2007, 2008 and 2009), we examined musts and wines from four cellars in different zones of the region. Through biochemical and genetic tests, 459 isolates of @entity0 bacteria (LAB) were identified as the following species: @entity1 alvei (0  7%), @entity2 (1  7%), @entity1 frumenti (0  9%), @entity1 kunkeei (12%), @entity1 (6  5%), @entity3 (0  9%), @entity5 ssp. lactis (3%), @entity8 (0  7%), @entity6 fructosum (synon. @entity1 fructosum) (3  7%), @entity6 ssp. mesenteroides (2  8%), @entity6 pseudomesenteroides (0  2%), @entity7 (59%), Pediococcus parvulus (7%) and Weisella paramesenteroides (synon. @entity6 paramesenteroides) (0  9%). Of these species, @entity7 was the main one responsible for malolactic fermentation (MLF) in all cellars and years with the exception of Lact. plantarum, predominant in 2007, in one cellar, and Lact. brevis, Lact. frumenti and Ped. parvulus coexisting with @entity7 in one cellar in 2009. Different strains (84) of LAB species (14) were identified by biochemical techniques (API strips, the presence of plasmids, enzyme activities and MLF performance) and molecular techniques (PCR). All assays were carried out with every one of the 459 isolates. To select candidates for use as culture starters, we assessed malolactic, b-glucosidase and tannase activities, the presence of genes involved in biogenic @entity4 production and plasmid content. CONCLUSIONS: A high diversity of LAB is present in the grape musts of Ribeira Sacra but few species are responsible for MLF; however, different strains of such species are involved in the process. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of Lact. frumenti thriving in wine. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Information on LAB populations in must and wine is presented. A large collection of well-characterized strains of LAB are available as starter cultures to winemakers.

title: Characterization of XXXX bacteria from musts and wines of three consecutive vintages of Ribeira Sacra.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study is intended to contribute to a determination of the sensitivity of preserved hypophyseal function to focal radiation in @entity3 . METHODS: We compared two subgroups of @entity0 followed up for a median of 5 years after gamma knife surgery (GKS). Subgroup 1 (n = 30) showed @entity4 . Subgroup 2 (n = 33) was continually eupituitary. These subgroups were taken from a previously published study relating to a larger group of 163 @entity0 with @entity3 treated by GKS and evaluated after a median follow-up period of 2 years. A relatively high treatment dose was used in this larger group (median, 20 Gy to the @entity1 margin for growth control in nonfunctioning @entity2 ; median, 35 Gy for hypersecreting @entity2 ). Early results approached those of microsurgery, and there were only a few side effects. In the present study, we compared 16 different variables in the same two subgroups to discover the relationships that caused a delayed appearance of @entity4 . The main pretreatment and treatment parameters were measured on reconstructed treatment plans. This database was used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS: The relationship between the mean dose and the volume of functioning hypophysis was stronger in terms of worsening of pituitary function than that of the spot dose to different intrasellar structures. We found that for our group of @entity0 , the safe mean dose of radiation to the hypophysis was 15 Gy for gonadotropic and thyrotropic functions and 18 Gy for adrenocorticotropic function. The worsening of pituitary function was also significantly dependent on the dose to different anatomic levels of the infundibulum, but we did not succeed in fully characterizing this relationship. In addition, we discovered significant levels of dependency of postirradiation pituitary damage to different pretreatment and treatment variables. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the radiation tolerance of functioning pituitary structures subjected to GKS can ensure better preservation of pituitary function after irradiation. This is valid for the group of @entity0 we studied. Our study's findings can be used as a guideline for GKS treatment of new @entity0 with @entity3 , and it can serve for comparison with the experience of other gamma knife centers.

title: Radiation tolerance of functioning pituitary tissue in gamma knife surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity3