abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chemical @entity1 testing is fast moving in a direction that relies increasingly on cell-based in vitro assays anchored on @entity1 pathways according to the @entity1 testing in the 21st century vision. Identifying points of departure (POD) via these assays and revealing their mechanistic underpinnings via computational modeling of the relevant pathways are critical and challenging steps. Here we used @entity3 ( @entity6 ) as a prototype chemical to study @entity5 in @entity0 AC16 cells. @entity5 has been linked to cardiovascular risk of @entity6 , which has limited its clinical use as an antitumor drug. Our in vitro study revealed a well-defined POD concentration of @entity6 below which adaptive induction of proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1a ( @entity9 ) -mediated mitochondrial genes, including @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity10 , concurred with negligible changes in mitochondrial @entity2 and @entity1 . At higher @entity6 concentrations adversity became significant with elevated @entity2 and suppressed @entity4 levels. A computational model was formulated to simulate the @entity9 -mediated transcriptional network comprising multiple negative feedback loops that underlie redox and bioenergetics homeostasis in the mitochondrion. The model recapitulated the transition phase from adaptive to adverse responses, supporting the notion that saturated induction of @entity9 -mediated gene network underpins POD. The model further predicts (follow-up experiments verified) that silencing @entity9 compromises the adaptive function of the transcriptional network, leading to disruption of mitochondria and @entity1 at lower @entity6 concentrations. In summary, our study demonstrates that combining pathway-focused in vitro assays and computational simulation of relevant biochemical network is synergistic for understanding dose-response behaviors in the low-dose region and identifying POD.

title: A @entity9 -Mediated Transcriptional Network Maintains Mitochondrial Redox and Bioenergetic Homeostasis against XXXX -Induced @entity1 in @entity0 Cardiomyocytes: Implementation of TT21C.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chemical @entity1 testing is fast moving in a direction that relies increasingly on cell-based in vitro assays anchored on @entity1 pathways according to the @entity1 testing in the 21st century vision. Identifying points of departure (POD) via these assays and revealing their mechanistic underpinnings via computational modeling of the relevant pathways are critical and challenging steps. Here we used @entity3 ( @entity6 ) as a prototype chemical to study @entity5 in @entity0 AC16 cells. @entity5 has been linked to cardiovascular risk of @entity6 , which has limited its clinical use as an antitumor drug. Our in vitro study revealed a well-defined POD concentration of @entity6 below which adaptive induction of proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1a ( @entity9 ) -mediated mitochondrial genes, including @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity10 , concurred with negligible changes in mitochondrial @entity2 and @entity1 . At higher @entity6 concentrations adversity became significant with elevated @entity2 and suppressed @entity4 levels. A computational model was formulated to simulate the @entity9 -mediated transcriptional network comprising multiple negative feedback loops that underlie redox and bioenergetics homeostasis in the mitochondrion. The model recapitulated the transition phase from adaptive to adverse responses, supporting the notion that saturated induction of @entity9 -mediated gene network underpins POD. The model further predicts (follow-up experiments verified) that silencing @entity9 compromises the adaptive function of the transcriptional network, leading to disruption of mitochondria and @entity1 at lower @entity6 concentrations. In summary, our study demonstrates that combining pathway-focused in vitro assays and computational simulation of relevant biochemical network is synergistic for understanding dose-response behaviors in the low-dose region and identifying POD.

title: A XXXX -Mediated Transcriptional Network Maintains Mitochondrial Redox and Bioenergetic Homeostasis against @entity3 -Induced @entity1 in @entity0 Cardiomyocytes: Implementation of TT21C.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chemical @entity1 testing is fast moving in a direction that relies increasingly on cell-based in vitro assays anchored on @entity1 pathways according to the @entity1 testing in the 21st century vision. Identifying points of departure (POD) via these assays and revealing their mechanistic underpinnings via computational modeling of the relevant pathways are critical and challenging steps. Here we used @entity3 ( @entity6 ) as a prototype chemical to study @entity5 in @entity0 AC16 cells. @entity5 has been linked to cardiovascular risk of @entity6 , which has limited its clinical use as an antitumor drug. Our in vitro study revealed a well-defined POD concentration of @entity6 below which adaptive induction of proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1a ( @entity9 ) -mediated mitochondrial genes, including @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity10 , concurred with negligible changes in mitochondrial @entity2 and @entity1 . At higher @entity6 concentrations adversity became significant with elevated @entity2 and suppressed @entity4 levels. A computational model was formulated to simulate the @entity9 -mediated transcriptional network comprising multiple negative feedback loops that underlie redox and bioenergetics homeostasis in the mitochondrion. The model recapitulated the transition phase from adaptive to adverse responses, supporting the notion that saturated induction of @entity9 -mediated gene network underpins POD. The model further predicts (follow-up experiments verified) that silencing @entity9 compromises the adaptive function of the transcriptional network, leading to disruption of mitochondria and @entity1 at lower @entity6 concentrations. In summary, our study demonstrates that combining pathway-focused in vitro assays and computational simulation of relevant biochemical network is synergistic for understanding dose-response behaviors in the low-dose region and identifying POD.

title: A @entity9 -Mediated Transcriptional Network Maintains Mitochondrial Redox and Bioenergetic Homeostasis against @entity3 -Induced @entity1 in XXXX Cardiomyocytes: Implementation of TT21C.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recovery of upper extremity functions after a severe @entity1 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have generally been less than satisfactory. The "cognitive sensory motor training therapy" is a relatively new method claimed to improve motor control using a specific type of repetitive sensory and motor re-learning protocol. There has been no previous study demonstrating the effectiveness of this method. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of the cognitive sensory motor training therapy to improve upper extremity motor function in @entity1 and @entity3 @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Seven @entity0 with persistent @entity2 for over 6 months after a @entity1 or @entity3 were trained with the cognitive sensory motor training therapy program. Hand and arm functions were measured with Action Research Arm (ARA) test before the beginning of the study and once a month thereafter. Data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There was improvement of ARA scores in all of the trained @entity0 . On average there was an increase of the ARA score of 7.7 points during the average training time of 2.5 months. CONCLUSION: The cognitive sensory motor training therapy may be an effective method for motor rehabilitation of @entity1 or traumatic brain injured @entity0 . Further prospective randomized control trials are justified and required.

title: Improved function of hemiplegic upper extremity after cognitive sensory motor training therapy in XXXX @entity0 : preliminary report of a case series.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recovery of upper extremity functions after a severe @entity1 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have generally been less than satisfactory. The "cognitive sensory motor training therapy" is a relatively new method claimed to improve motor control using a specific type of repetitive sensory and motor re-learning protocol. There has been no previous study demonstrating the effectiveness of this method. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of the cognitive sensory motor training therapy to improve upper extremity motor function in @entity1 and @entity3 @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Seven @entity0 with persistent @entity2 for over 6 months after a @entity1 or @entity3 were trained with the cognitive sensory motor training therapy program. Hand and arm functions were measured with Action Research Arm (ARA) test before the beginning of the study and once a month thereafter. Data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There was improvement of ARA scores in all of the trained @entity0 . On average there was an increase of the ARA score of 7.7 points during the average training time of 2.5 months. CONCLUSION: The cognitive sensory motor training therapy may be an effective method for motor rehabilitation of @entity1 or traumatic brain injured @entity0 . Further prospective randomized control trials are justified and required.

title: Improved function of hemiplegic upper extremity after cognitive sensory motor training therapy in @entity1 XXXX : preliminary report of a case series.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between the years 1972 and 1979, 40,589 pregnant @entity0 were tested for @entity2 antibodies following suspected illness or exposure, using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), complement fixation and staphylococcal absorption for determination of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM). Recent @entity1 was confirmed by antibody rise in paired sera and/or the presence of specific IgM. Reinfection was differentiated from primary asymptomatic @entity2 by absence of specific IgM. Determination of neutralizing antibodies was also useful in confirming reinfections. Clinical @entity2 was confirmed in 1,448 @entity0 (3.6%). In 154 cases asymptomatic @entity1 was detected; 98 had @entity1 and 56 experienced reinfection. In a selected group of 2,200 @entity0 exposed to confirmed @entity2 , 6.8% had clinical @entity2 , 3.8% @entity3 , and in 7.1% the results were doubtful. Reinfection was detected in 12.4% of 265 @entity0 with initially low HI titers. The prospective follow-up on pregnancy outcome was available in 87 @entity0 with @entity3 . Seven cases of @entity4 were detected in the group of primary @entity1 , while all 25 @entity0 born following reinfection were healthy.

title: Subclinical XXXX in pregnancy--occurrence and outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Factors that determine the extent of the penumbra in the initial diagnostic workup using whole brain CT Perfusion (WB-CTP) remain unclear. The purpose of the current study was to determine a possible dependency of the initial mismatch size between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) from time after symptom onset, @entity5 , and occlusion localization in acute @entity4 . METHODS: Out of an existing cohort of 992 consecutive @entity0 receiving multiparametric CT scans including WB-CTP due to suspected @entity1 , we included @entity0 who had (1) a witnessed time of symptom onset, (2) an @entity3 of the MCA territory as documented by follow-up imaging, and (3) an initial CBF volume of >10  ml. CBF and CBV lesion sizes, collateralization grade, and the site of occlusion were determined. RESULTS: We included 103 @entity0 . Univariate analysis showed that time from symptom  onset (168   +/-   91.2  min) did not correlate with relative or absolute mismatch volumes (p   =   0.458 and p   =   0.921). Higher collateralization gradings were associated with small absolute mismatch volumes (p   =   0.004 and p   <   0.001). Internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusions were associated with large absolute mismatch volumes (p   =   0.004). Multivariate analysis confirmed that ICA occlusion was associated with large absolute mismatch volumes (p   =   0.005), and high collateral grade was associated with small absolute mismatch volumes (p   =   0.017). CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant correlation between initial @entity2 mismatch and time after symptom onset. Predictors of mismatch size include the extent of the collaterals and a proximal location of the occlusion.

title: Early CT perfusion mismatch in XXXX is not time-dependent but relies on collateralization grade.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the serologic profile of several types of test for @entity3 , in order to contribute to the interpretation of antibody kinetics. METHODS: The clinical and serologic features of 120 cases of lymphadenopathy with known time of clinical onset were studied during 18 months postinfection. Antibody kinetics was determined by Sabin-Feldman dye test, complement fixation with light antigen, IgM immunofluorescent antibody test, and IgM immunosorbent agglutination assay (IgM-ISAGA). Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by the toxoplasmin skin test. RESULTS: Seventy-five female @entity0 aged 11-54 years (median 27 years) and 45 male @entity0 aged 3-59 years (median 17 years) were studied, 85% of whom were under 30 years of age. Cervical lymph nodes were involved throughout, generally on both sides, with more than one affected ganglion group in 88%. The predominant symptom was @entity2 (69%), which persisted in some cases for several months. A negative Sabin-Feldman dye test in a lymphadenopathy with more than three weeks' evolution excludes a toxoplasma etiology. A positive Sabin-Feldman dye test with negative IgM-ISAGA almost invariably excludes @entity1 . The Sabin-Feldman dye test was positive in 94% of @entity0 with titers higher than 1 : 16 000 within the first three months. The IgM-ISAGA yielded 98% of positive results, of which 94% were high titers. Titers >/= 1 : 160 in the IgM immunofluorescent antibody test and complement fixation were found to be highly indicative of @entity1 , since 87% and 91%, respectively, were found within the first three months. A negative skin test plus positive serology values indicates @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that estimation of time of @entity1 on the basis of serologic results is improved by the simultaneous application of several tests, and correlates closely with the presence of clinical @entity4 .

title: Toxoplasmic XXXX --clinical and serologic profile.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The results of radiosurgical treatment of @entity5 have improved by reducing the @entity1 marginal doses. We report relatively long-term follow-up results (>5 yr) for @entity0 who underwent low-dose radiosurgery. METHODS: We treated and followed 51 consecutive @entity0 with unilateral @entity5 who were treated from January 1994 to December 1996 by gamma knife radiosurgery at low doses (</=12 Gy to the @entity1 margin). The average age of the @entity0 was 55 years (range, 32-76 yr). The treatment volume was 0.7 to 24.9 cm(3) (median, 3.6 cm(3)). The marginal radiation dose was 8 to 12 Gy (median, 12 Gy), and the follow-up period ranged from 18 to 96 months (median, 60 mo). RESULTS: Clinical @entity1 growth control (without @entity1 resection) was achieved in 96% of @entity0 , and the 5-year @entity1 growth control rate was 92%. Hearing was preserved in 59% of those with preradiosurgical hearing preservation (Gardner-Robertson Classes 1-4), and improvements (>20 dB of improvement) were noted in 9% of the @entity0 with any hearing. Hearing was preserved at a useful level (Gardner-Robertson Classes 1 and 2) in 56% of @entity0 . Although preexisting @entity2 worsened in 4% of the @entity0 , our @entity0 did not experience new @entity4 or @entity2 after radiosurgery. Facial @entity3 occurred in 6% of the @entity0 , and intratumoral bleeding occurred in 4% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Low-dose radiosurgery (</=12 Gy at the @entity1 margin) can achieve a high @entity1 growth control rate and maintain low postradiosurgical morbidity (including hearing preservation) for @entity5 .

title: Radiosurgery for XXXX : results of low-dose treatment.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clinically characterize a family with nonsyndromic @entity2 linked to the @entity7 gene and to assess whether mitochondrial mutations influence the penetrance of the phenotype. DESIGN: Longitudinal clinical and basic science molecular genetic study. SETTING: Academic medical center and molecular genetic research laboratory. @entity0 : Members of a family with dominant high-frequency @entity2 . INTERVENTIONS: Questionnaires, serial audiograms, and interviews correlated with molecular genetic data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptoms, age at onset, serial audiometric data, and the presence or absence of 4 @entity3 -associated mitochondrial mutations. RESULTS: Affected individuals typically manifest a high-frequency, slowly progressive @entity2 in the postlingual period. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant with age-dependent penetrance. Male affected members tended to report an earlier onset of @entity1 than female members. In those inheriting the @entity7 -associated haplotype from an affected mother, @entity1 invariably developed by the second decade of life, whereas those inheriting the @entity7 haplotype from an affected father often maintained hearing levels comparable to those of age-matched control subjects, even into the seventh decade of life. None of 4 @entity3 -associated mitochondrial mutations screened ( @entity5 , @entity4 , Cins7472, and @entity6 ) were found to segregate in the family. CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to differentiate delayed-onset high-frequency @entity2 inherited as a simple mendelian trait like @entity7 -associated @entity1 from that due to noise exposure or presbycusis, disorders that may also have a genetic component. An awareness of the clinical presentation of such @entity1 may help clinicians identify @entity1 attributable to genetic causes and improve care for these @entity0 .

title: Phenotypic characterization of hereditary hearing impairment linked to XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether ventricular remodeling from @entity4 ( @entity4 ), systemic @entity1 , or other pathologies arises through a common signaling pathway or through independent molecular mechanisms is unknown. To study this, we assessed @entity6 in a @entity0 model of @entity4 subjected to increased left ventricular (LV) load. METHODS AND RESULTS: Transverse aortic banding of @entity0 with or without an @entity8 cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation (alphaMHC403/+) produced similarly elevated LV pressures (120+/-30 versus 112+/-14 mm Hg; P=NS). No @entity0 developed @entity3 , and mortality (26% alphaMHC403/+, 35% wild-type) was comparable. Load-induced @entity5 was identical in banded 129SvEv alphaMHC403/+ @entity0 (LV anterior wall [LVAW]=1.28+/-0.11) and 129SvEv wild-type @entity0 (LVAW=1.29+/-0.11 mm; P=NS). Genetically outbred @entity7 ( @entity7 ) alphaMHC403/+ @entity0 showed only mildly exaggerated @entity5 in response to aortic banding ( @entity7 alphaMHC403/+ LVAW=1.30+/-0.13 mm; @entity7 wild-type LVAW=1.17+/-0.15 mm; P=0.03), suggesting some effect from a @entity7 genetic locus that modifies @entity5 induced by the cardiac MHC @entity8 mutation. Histopathology and molecular markers of @entity5 were comparable in all banded 129SvEv or @entity7 @entity0 . Banded alphaMHC403/+ @entity0 had potential for greater @entity5 , because @entity2 treatment markedly augmented @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The uniform @entity5 response to increased ventricular load in wild-type and alphaMHC403/+ @entity0 indicates independent cardiac remodeling pathways and predicts that coexistent @entity1 and @entity4 should not profoundly exacerbate @entity6 . In contrast, sarcomere mutation and @entity2 -mediated calcineurin inhibition stimulate a shared @entity5 signaling pathway. Defining distinct signaling pathways that trigger myocyte growth should help to tailor therapies for @entity6 .

title: Consequences of pressure overload on sarcomere protein mutation-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: A prolonged QT interval is associated with a risk for life-threatening events. However, little is known about prognostic implications of the reverse-a short QT interval. Several members of 2 different families were referred for @entity3 , palpitations, and resuscitated @entity5 in the presence of a positive family history for @entity4 . Autopsy did not reveal any structural @entity1 . All @entity0 had a constantly and uniformly short QT interval at ECG. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six @entity0 from both families were submitted to extensive noninvasive and invasive work-up, including serial resting ECGs, echocardiogram, cardiac MRI, exercise testing, Holter ECG, and signal-averaged ECG. Four of 6 @entity0 underwent electrophysiological evaluation including programmed ventricular stimulation. In all subjects, a structural @entity1 was excluded. At baseline ECG, all @entity0 exhibited a QT interval <or=280 ms (QTc <or=300 ms). During electrophysiological study, short atrial and ventricular refractory periods were documented in all and increased ventricular vulnerability to fibrillation in 3 of 4 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity7 is characterized by familial @entity2 , short refractory periods, and inducible @entity6 . It is important to recognize this ECG pattern because it is related to a high risk of @entity2 in young, otherwise healthy subjects.

title: XXXX : a familial cause of @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: A prolonged QT interval is associated with a risk for life-threatening events. However, little is known about prognostic implications of the reverse-a short QT interval. Several members of 2 different families were referred for @entity3 , palpitations, and resuscitated @entity5 in the presence of a positive family history for @entity4 . Autopsy did not reveal any structural @entity1 . All @entity0 had a constantly and uniformly short QT interval at ECG. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six @entity0 from both families were submitted to extensive noninvasive and invasive work-up, including serial resting ECGs, echocardiogram, cardiac MRI, exercise testing, Holter ECG, and signal-averaged ECG. Four of 6 @entity0 underwent electrophysiological evaluation including programmed ventricular stimulation. In all subjects, a structural @entity1 was excluded. At baseline ECG, all @entity0 exhibited a QT interval <or=280 ms (QTc <or=300 ms). During electrophysiological study, short atrial and ventricular refractory periods were documented in all and increased ventricular vulnerability to fibrillation in 3 of 4 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity7 is characterized by familial @entity2 , short refractory periods, and inducible @entity6 . It is important to recognize this ECG pattern because it is related to a high risk of @entity2 in young, otherwise healthy subjects.

title: @entity7 : a familial cause of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Alaris AEP monitor(TM) (Alaris, UK, version 1.4) is the first commercially available auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor designed to estimate the depth of anaesthesia. It generates an "Alaris AEP index" (AAI), which is a dimensionless number scaled from 100 (awake) to 0. This study was designed to compare AAI and BIS(TM) (Aspect, USA, version XP) values at different levels of anaesthesia. METHODS: Adult female @entity0 were premedicated with @entity5 0.15 mg kg(-1) orally on the morning of surgery. Electrodes for BIS and Alaris AEP monitoring and a headphone to give auditory stimuli were applied as recommended by the manufacturers. Anaesthesia was induced with @entity4 (0.4 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) and a @entity3 target-controlled infusion (Diprifusor(TM) TCI, AstraZeneca, Germany) to obtain a predicted concentration of initially 3.5 microg ml(-1). After loss of @entity2 the @entity0 were given 0.5 mg kg(-1) of @entity6 . After tracheal intubation, @entity4 was given at 0.2 microg kg(-1) min(-1) and the @entity3 infusion was adjusted to obtain BIS target values of 30, 40, 50, and 60. AAI and BIS values were recorded and matched with the predicted @entity3 effect-site concentrations. Prediction probability was calculated for @entity2 vs unconsciousness. Values are mean (SD). RESULTS: Fifty female @entity0 , 53 (15), range 18-78 yr, ASA I or II were studied. Mean values before induction of anaesthesia were 95 (4), range 99-82 for BIS and 85 (12), range 99-55 for AAI. With @entity1 both values were significantly reduced to 64 (13), range 83-39 for BIS (P<0.05) and 61 (22), range 99-15 for AAI (P<0.05). The prediction probability P(K) for @entity2 vs unconsciousness (i.e. @entity1 ) was better for BIS (P(K)=0.99) than for AAI (P(K)=0.79). At a BIS of 30, 40, 50, and 60 the corresponding AAI values were 15 (6), 20 (8), 28 (11), and 40 (16), and these were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: During @entity3 - @entity4 anaesthesia a decrease of the depth of anaesthesia as indicated by BIS monitoring is accompanied by corresponding effects shown by the AAI. However, wide variation in the awake values and considerable overlap of AAI values between @entity2 and unconsciousness, suggests further improvement of the AAI system is required.

title: Comparison of Alaris AEP index and bispectral index during @entity3 - XXXX anaesthesia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Alaris AEP monitor(TM) (Alaris, UK, version 1.4) is the first commercially available auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor designed to estimate the depth of anaesthesia. It generates an "Alaris AEP index" (AAI), which is a dimensionless number scaled from 100 (awake) to 0. This study was designed to compare AAI and BIS(TM) (Aspect, USA, version XP) values at different levels of anaesthesia. METHODS: Adult female @entity0 were premedicated with @entity5 0.15 mg kg(-1) orally on the morning of surgery. Electrodes for BIS and Alaris AEP monitoring and a headphone to give auditory stimuli were applied as recommended by the manufacturers. Anaesthesia was induced with @entity4 (0.4 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) and a @entity3 target-controlled infusion (Diprifusor(TM) TCI, AstraZeneca, Germany) to obtain a predicted concentration of initially 3.5 microg ml(-1). After loss of @entity2 the @entity0 were given 0.5 mg kg(-1) of @entity6 . After tracheal intubation, @entity4 was given at 0.2 microg kg(-1) min(-1) and the @entity3 infusion was adjusted to obtain BIS target values of 30, 40, 50, and 60. AAI and BIS values were recorded and matched with the predicted @entity3 effect-site concentrations. Prediction probability was calculated for @entity2 vs unconsciousness. Values are mean (SD). RESULTS: Fifty female @entity0 , 53 (15), range 18-78 yr, ASA I or II were studied. Mean values before induction of anaesthesia were 95 (4), range 99-82 for BIS and 85 (12), range 99-55 for AAI. With @entity1 both values were significantly reduced to 64 (13), range 83-39 for BIS (P<0.05) and 61 (22), range 99-15 for AAI (P<0.05). The prediction probability P(K) for @entity2 vs unconsciousness (i.e. @entity1 ) was better for BIS (P(K)=0.99) than for AAI (P(K)=0.79). At a BIS of 30, 40, 50, and 60 the corresponding AAI values were 15 (6), 20 (8), 28 (11), and 40 (16), and these were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: During @entity3 - @entity4 anaesthesia a decrease of the depth of anaesthesia as indicated by BIS monitoring is accompanied by corresponding effects shown by the AAI. However, wide variation in the awake values and considerable overlap of AAI values between @entity2 and unconsciousness, suggests further improvement of the AAI system is required.

title: Comparison of Alaris AEP index and bispectral index during XXXX - @entity4 anaesthesia.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity4 Trial (ALLHAT) was a randomized, double-blind, active, controlled clinical trial conducted to determine whether newer antihypertensive agents, including @entity11 , an alpha-blocker, differ from @entity10 , a diuretic, with respect to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and other @entity2 ( @entity2 ) events in @entity3 @entity0 at high risk of @entity5 . In February 2000, the @entity11 treatment arm was discontinued, and findings through December 1999 were reported. This report includes an additional 9232 @entity0 -years and 939 @entity2 events. At 623 clinical centers, @entity0 (aged >or=55 years) with @entity3 and at least 1 other @entity5 risk factor were randomly assigned to either @entity10 or @entity11 . The primary outcome measure was the combined occurrence of fatal @entity5 or nonfatal @entity6 ( @entity6 ), analyzed by intent to treat; prespecified secondary outcome measures included all-cause mortality, @entity1 , combined @entity5 (fatal @entity5 , nonfatal @entity6 , hospitalized angina, and coronary revascularization), and combined @entity2 (combined @entity5 , @entity1 , angina treated outside the hospital, @entity7 , and @entity8 ). Mean follow-up was 3.2 years. There was no difference in primary outcome between the arms (relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.15). All-cause mortality also did not differ (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.13). However, the @entity11 arm compared with the @entity10 arm had a higher risk of @entity1 (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.46) and combined @entity2 ( @entity9 .20; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.27). These findings confirm the superiority of diuretic-based over alpha-blocker-based antihypertensive treatment for the prevention of @entity2 .

title: Diuretic versus alpha-blocker as first-step antihypertensive therapy: final results from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent XXXX Trial (ALLHAT).

answer: @entity4


abstract: Among the numerous molecular and physiological modifications induced by water deficit, one of the earliest events observed in @entity4 mature leaves subjected to water deprivation was a strong enhancement of acid vacuolar invertase activity, which occurred before the classical reduction in gas exchange due to stomatal closure. The increase in invertase activity coincided with the rapid accumulation of @entity0 and @entity1 that reached 8-fold the control leaf value. In addition, acid vacuolar invertase activity appeared to be highly correlated with xylem sap ABA concentration. In order to investigate the nature of the relationship between ABA and invertase activity, and to disconnect ABA from a likely @entity2 side-effect, excised leaves were supplied with ABA or @entity2 . As a consequence of ABA supply, a peak in leaf ABA appeared 4 h later which was followed by an enhancement of vacuolar invertase activity. @entity3 supply also produced a second maximum in leaf ABA. The transcript level of the @entity5 gene encoding one vacuolar invertase presented the same two peaks pattern as leaf ABA, with a 2 h lag. This response was specific since the other invertase genes were not responding. Thus, ABA appeared to be a powerful enhancer of the @entity5 vacuolar invertase activity and expression. In the present conditions, the addition of @entity2 had no effect on the enzyme activity.

title: The role of abscisic acid in the response of a specific vacuolar invertase to water stress in the adult XXXX leaf.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess @entity4 proton transfer-weighted (APTW) imaging features in @entity0 with @entity2 after chemoradiation and the diagnostic performance of APT imaging for distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After approval by the Institutional Review Board, 32 @entity0 with clinically suspected @entity1 progression in the first 3 months after chemoradiation were enrolled and scanned at 3T. Longitudinal routine magnetic resonance imaging ( @entity5 ) changes and medical records were assessed to confirm true progression versus pseudoprogression. True progression was @entity3 progressing on serial imaging over 6 months, and pseudoprogression was @entity3 stabilizing or regressing without intervention. The APTWmean and APTWmax signals were obtained from three to five regions of interests for each @entity0 and compared between the true progression and pseudoprogression groups. The diagnostic performance was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The true progression was associated with APTW hyperintensity (APTWmean    =   2.75%        0.42%), while pseudoprogression was associated with APTW isointensity to mild hyperintensity (APTWmean    =   1.56%        0.42%). The APTW signal intensities were significantly higher in the true progression group (n   =   20) than in the pseudoprogression group (P < 0.001; n   =   12). The cutoff APTWmean and APTWmax intensity values to distinguish between true progression and pseudoprogression were 2.42% (with a sensitivity of 85.0% and a specificity of 100%) and 2.54% (with a sensitivity of 95.0% and a specificity of 91.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The @entity5 signal is a valuable imaging biomarker for distinguishing pseudoprogression from true progression in @entity2 @entity0 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016.

title: Applying @entity4 proton transfer-weighted XXXX to distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess @entity4 proton transfer-weighted (APTW) imaging features in @entity0 with @entity2 after chemoradiation and the diagnostic performance of APT imaging for distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After approval by the Institutional Review Board, 32 @entity0 with clinically suspected @entity1 progression in the first 3 months after chemoradiation were enrolled and scanned at 3T. Longitudinal routine magnetic resonance imaging ( @entity5 ) changes and medical records were assessed to confirm true progression versus pseudoprogression. True progression was @entity3 progressing on serial imaging over 6 months, and pseudoprogression was @entity3 stabilizing or regressing without intervention. The APTWmean and APTWmax signals were obtained from three to five regions of interests for each @entity0 and compared between the true progression and pseudoprogression groups. The diagnostic performance was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The true progression was associated with APTW hyperintensity (APTWmean    =   2.75%        0.42%), while pseudoprogression was associated with APTW isointensity to mild hyperintensity (APTWmean    =   1.56%        0.42%). The APTW signal intensities were significantly higher in the true progression group (n   =   20) than in the pseudoprogression group (P < 0.001; n   =   12). The cutoff APTWmean and APTWmax intensity values to distinguish between true progression and pseudoprogression were 2.42% (with a sensitivity of 85.0% and a specificity of 100%) and 2.54% (with a sensitivity of 95.0% and a specificity of 91.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The @entity5 signal is a valuable imaging biomarker for distinguishing pseudoprogression from true progression in @entity2 @entity0 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016.

title: Applying XXXX proton transfer-weighted @entity5 to distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess @entity4 proton transfer-weighted (APTW) imaging features in @entity0 with @entity2 after chemoradiation and the diagnostic performance of APT imaging for distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After approval by the Institutional Review Board, 32 @entity0 with clinically suspected @entity1 progression in the first 3 months after chemoradiation were enrolled and scanned at 3T. Longitudinal routine magnetic resonance imaging ( @entity5 ) changes and medical records were assessed to confirm true progression versus pseudoprogression. True progression was @entity3 progressing on serial imaging over 6 months, and pseudoprogression was @entity3 stabilizing or regressing without intervention. The APTWmean and APTWmax signals were obtained from three to five regions of interests for each @entity0 and compared between the true progression and pseudoprogression groups. The diagnostic performance was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The true progression was associated with APTW hyperintensity (APTWmean    =   2.75%        0.42%), while pseudoprogression was associated with APTW isointensity to mild hyperintensity (APTWmean    =   1.56%        0.42%). The APTW signal intensities were significantly higher in the true progression group (n   =   20) than in the pseudoprogression group (P < 0.001; n   =   12). The cutoff APTWmean and APTWmax intensity values to distinguish between true progression and pseudoprogression were 2.42% (with a sensitivity of 85.0% and a specificity of 100%) and 2.54% (with a sensitivity of 95.0% and a specificity of 91.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The @entity5 signal is a valuable imaging biomarker for distinguishing pseudoprogression from true progression in @entity2 @entity0 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016.

title: Applying @entity4 proton transfer-weighted @entity5 to distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is caused by reduced blood supply and leads to loss of brain function. The reduced @entity0 and nutrient supply stimulates various physiological responses, including induction of growth factors. Growth factors prevent neuronal cell death, promote @entity3 , and induce cell growth. However, the concentration of growth factors is not sufficient to recover brain function after the @entity4 , suggesting that delivery of growth factors into the @entity1 brain may be a useful treatment for @entity2 . Areas covered: In this review, various approaches for the delivery of growth factors to @entity1 brain tissue are discussed, including local and targeting delivery systems. Expert opinion: To develop growth factor therapy for @entity2 , important considerations should be taken into account. First, growth factors may have possible side effects. Thus, concentration of growth factors should be restricted to the @entity1 tissues by local administration or targeted delivery. Second, the duration of growth factor therapy should be optimized. Growth factor proteins may be degraded too fast to have a high enough therapeutic effect. Therefore, delivery systems for controlled release or gene delivery may be useful. Third, the delivery systems to the brain should be optimized according to the delivery route.

title: Targeted delivery of growth factors in XXXX animal models.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The origin of Achilles tendon insertional @entity1 has not been clarified. Treatment is considered difficult, though tendon, bone, and bursae, alone or in combination, may all be the source of @entity1 . Recently, neovascularisation in the area with tendon changes was shown to correlate with @entity1 in @entity0 with chronic @entity3 . In a pilot study, sclerosing the neovessels outside the tendon cured the @entity1 in the majority of @entity0 . In this pilot-study, ultrasonography and colour Doppler was used for the investigation of eleven @entity0 (nine @entity0 and two @entity0 , mean age 44 years) with a long duration (mean 29 months) of chronic Achilles tendon insertional @entity1 . All @entity0 had distal tendon changes and a @entity4 inside and outside the distal tendon on the injured/painful side, but not on the noninjured/ @entity1 -free side. In nine @entity0 there was also a thickened retrocalcaneal bursae, and in four @entity0 also bone pathology ( @entity2 , spur, loose fragment) in the insertion. The sclerosing agent @entity5 was injected against the local neovessels found in all @entity0 . At follow-up (mean eight months), sclerosing of the area with neovessels had cured the @entity1 in eight out of eleven @entity0 , and in seven of the eight @entity0 there was no neovascularisation. @entity1 during tendon-loading activity, recorded on a VAS-scale, decreased from 82 mm before treatment to 14 mm after treatment in the successfully treated @entity0 . In conclusion, treatment only focusing on sclerosing the area with neovessels showed promising short-term clinical results in this small pilot study. The findings support further studies, preferably in a randomised manner.

title: Sclerosing therapy in chronic Achilles tendon insertional XXXX -results of a pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This research evaluated a multivariate approach as an alternative tool for the purpose of selection regarding expected progeny differences (EPDs). Data were fitted using a multi-trait model and consisted of growth traits (birth weight and weights at 120, 210, 365 and 450 days of age) and carcass traits ( @entity2 (LMA), back-fat thickness (BF), and @entity1 ( @entity1 )), registered over 21 years in extensive breeding systems of Polled Nellore @entity0 in Brazil. Multivariate analyses were performed using standardized (zero mean and unit variance) EPDs. The k mean method revealed that the best fit of data occurred using three clusters (k = 3) (P < 0.001). Estimates of genetic correlation among growth and carcass traits and the estimates of heritability were moderate to high, suggesting that a correlated response approach is suitable for practical decision making. Estimates of correlation between selection indices and the multivariate index (LD1) were moderate to high, ranging from 0.48 to 0.97. This reveals that both types of indices give similar results and that the multivariate approach is reliable for the purpose of selection. The alternative tool seems very handy when economic weights are not available or in cases where more rapid identification of the best animals is desired. Interestingly, multivariate analysis allowed forecasting information based on the relationships among breeding values (EPDs). Also, it enabled fine discrimination, rapid data summarization after genetic evaluation, and permitted accounting for maternal ability and the genetic direct potential of the animals. In addition, we recommend the use of @entity2 and subcutaneous fat thickness as selection criteria, to allow estimation of breeding values before the first mating season in order to accelerate the response to individual selection.

title: Selection Indices and Multivariate Analysis Show Similar Results in the Evaluation of Growth and Carcass Traits in Beef XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 is a devastating disorder not only for the @entity0 , but also for the family because this @entity5 breaks the @entity0 's independence, and leads to family care of the @entity0 with a high cost for the family. This complex disorder alters memory, learning, judgment, emotional control and social behavior and affects 4% of the elderly world population. The high blood pressure or arterial @entity4 is a major risk factor for @entity3 , which in most cases leads to @entity7 . Interestingly, this @entity5 starts after long lasting @entity4 , which is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow or hypoperfusion, and complete or incomplete @entity2 with cortical thickness. Animal models have been generated to elucidate the pathophysiology of this disorder. It is known that dendritic complexity determines the receptive synaptic contacts, and the loss of dendritic spine and arbor stability are strongly associated with @entity6 in @entity0 . This review evaluates relevant data of @entity0 and animal models that have investigated the link between long-lasting arterial @entity4 and neural morphological changes in the context of @entity7 . We examined the effect of chronic arterial @entity4 and aged in @entity7 . Neural dendritic morphology in the prefrontal cortex and the dorsal hippocampus and nucleus accumbens after chronic @entity4 was diskussed in the animal models of @entity4 . Chronic @entity4 reduced the dendritic length and spine density in aged @entity1 . Synapse, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Synapse 70:198-205, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Neuronal changes after chronic high blood pressure in animal models and its implication for XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 -rich diet induces metabolic changes similar to those observed in @entity3 . Among other matrix metalloproteinases, @entity6 has an important role in adverse cardiac remodelling and might have a role in the development of @entity2 associated with @entity3 . The changes of @entity6 expression could be mediated via the @entity8 pathway. In this study we investigated the effect of @entity4 -rich diet on @entity6 expression in the heart of male and female @entity0 , along with the effect of @entity4 -rich diet and @entity1 on @entity6 expression in ovariectomized females. We further assessed the effect of @entity4 -rich diet and @entity1 on @entity8 activation, measured as the level of @entity7 phosphorylation at Ser 276. The results showed that the diet regime did not affect the heart mass. Higher @entity6 gene expression was found in cardiac tissue of male @entity0 fed the @entity4 -rich diet than in females on the same diet regime. In ovariectomized females, @entity4 -rich diet upregulated @entity6 protein and mRNA expression in the heart, as well as phosphorylation of the @entity7 subunit of @entity8 at Ser 276. @entity1 replacement therapy reverted these changes in the heart of ovariectomized females. This study has shown that @entity1 could revert the early molecular changes in @entity6 expression induced by @entity4 -rich diet that occurred before @entity5 development by decreasing phosphorylation of the @entity8 @entity7 subunit at Ser 276.

title: @entity1 Treatment Counteracts the Effect of XXXX -Rich Diet on Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression and @entity8 Activation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 -rich diet induces metabolic changes similar to those observed in @entity3 . Among other matrix metalloproteinases, @entity6 has an important role in adverse cardiac remodelling and might have a role in the development of @entity2 associated with @entity3 . The changes of @entity6 expression could be mediated via the @entity8 pathway. In this study we investigated the effect of @entity4 -rich diet on @entity6 expression in the heart of male and female @entity0 , along with the effect of @entity4 -rich diet and @entity1 on @entity6 expression in ovariectomized females. We further assessed the effect of @entity4 -rich diet and @entity1 on @entity8 activation, measured as the level of @entity7 phosphorylation at Ser 276. The results showed that the diet regime did not affect the heart mass. Higher @entity6 gene expression was found in cardiac tissue of male @entity0 fed the @entity4 -rich diet than in females on the same diet regime. In ovariectomized females, @entity4 -rich diet upregulated @entity6 protein and mRNA expression in the heart, as well as phosphorylation of the @entity7 subunit of @entity8 at Ser 276. @entity1 replacement therapy reverted these changes in the heart of ovariectomized females. This study has shown that @entity1 could revert the early molecular changes in @entity6 expression induced by @entity4 -rich diet that occurred before @entity5 development by decreasing phosphorylation of the @entity8 @entity7 subunit at Ser 276.

title: XXXX Treatment Counteracts the Effect of @entity4 -Rich Diet on Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression and @entity8 Activation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 -rich diet induces metabolic changes similar to those observed in @entity3 . Among other matrix metalloproteinases, @entity6 has an important role in adverse cardiac remodelling and might have a role in the development of @entity2 associated with @entity3 . The changes of @entity6 expression could be mediated via the @entity8 pathway. In this study we investigated the effect of @entity4 -rich diet on @entity6 expression in the heart of male and female @entity0 , along with the effect of @entity4 -rich diet and @entity1 on @entity6 expression in ovariectomized females. We further assessed the effect of @entity4 -rich diet and @entity1 on @entity8 activation, measured as the level of @entity7 phosphorylation at Ser 276. The results showed that the diet regime did not affect the heart mass. Higher @entity6 gene expression was found in cardiac tissue of male @entity0 fed the @entity4 -rich diet than in females on the same diet regime. In ovariectomized females, @entity4 -rich diet upregulated @entity6 protein and mRNA expression in the heart, as well as phosphorylation of the @entity7 subunit of @entity8 at Ser 276. @entity1 replacement therapy reverted these changes in the heart of ovariectomized females. This study has shown that @entity1 could revert the early molecular changes in @entity6 expression induced by @entity4 -rich diet that occurred before @entity5 development by decreasing phosphorylation of the @entity8 @entity7 subunit at Ser 276.

title: @entity1 Treatment Counteracts the Effect of @entity4 -Rich Diet on Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression and XXXX Activation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increasing numbers of @entity0 with @entity11 ( @entity11 ) have been treated with focused-beam stereotactic radiation treatment (SRT) including Gamma knife, CyberKnife, X-knife, Novalis, or proton beam therapy. The purpose of this study was to document the incidence of @entity1 regrowth or symptoms that worsened or first developed following SRT and to discuss surgical strategies for @entity0 who have failed SRT for @entity11 . A consecutive series of 39 @entity0 with SRT failed @entity11 were surgically treated. Clinical symptoms, @entity1 regrowth at follow-up, intraoperative findings, and surgical outcome were evaluated. There were 15 males and 24 females with a mean age of 51.8  years. Thirty-six @entity0 (92.3  %) demonstrated steady @entity1 growth after SRT. Two (5.1  %) @entity0 with slight increase of the mass underwent surgical resection because of development of unbearable @entity3 . Symptoms that worsened or newly developed following SRT in this series were @entity10 (41  %), @entity8 (35.9  %), facial @entity7 (25.6  %), @entity5 (20.5  %), @entity9 (7.7  %), and @entity3 (7.7  %). Intraoperative findings demonstrated fibrous changes of the @entity1 mass, cyst formation, and brownish-yellow or purple discoloration of the @entity1 capsule. Severe adhesions between the @entity1 capsule and cranial nerves, vessels, and the brainstem were observed in 69.2  %. Additionally, the facial nerve was more fragile and irritable in all cases. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 33.3  % of @entity0 , near-total resection (NTR) in 35.9  %, and subtotal resection (STR) in 30.8  % of @entity0 . New @entity9 was seen in seven @entity0 (19.4  %) postoperatively. Our findings suggest that @entity0 with @entity11 who fail SRT with either @entity1 progression or worsening of clinical symptoms will have an increased rate of adhesions to the @entity6 and may have radiation-influenced neuromalacia. Salvage surgery of radiation-failed @entity1 is more difficult and will have a higher risk of @entity4 . Radical total resection may not be feasible, and conservative modality of subtotal resection needs to be considered to avoid new @entity2 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX after failed radiation treatment.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism lead to severe @entity0 disorders, mainly affecting tissues especially dependent on oxidative phosphorylation, such as muscle and brain. @entity6 describes a severe @entity7 in infancy, frequently caused by mutations in SURF1. SURF1, termed @entity9 in @entity1 , is a conserved assembly factor for the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain, cytochrome c oxidase. Although the molecular function of SURF1/ @entity9 is still enigmatic, loss of function leads to cytochrome @entity5 and reduced expression of the central subunit @entity8 in @entity1 . Here, we provide insights into the molecular mechanisms leading to disease through missense mutations in codons of the most conserved @entity4 in SURF1. Mutations affecting G(124) do not compromise import of the SURF1 precursor protein but lead to fast turnover of the mature protein within the mitochondria. Interestingly, an Y(274)D exchange neither affects stability nor localization of the protein. Instead, SURF1( @entity10 ) accumulates in a 200 kDa cytochrome c oxidase assembly intermediate. Using @entity1 as a model, we demonstrate that the corresponding @entity9 ( @entity11 ) is able to overcome the stage where cytochrome c oxidase assembly links to the feedback regulation of mitochondrial @entity8 expression. However, @entity9 ( @entity11 ) impairs the assembly at later steps, most apparent at low temperature and exhibits a dominant-negative phenotype upon overexpression. Thus, exchanging the conserved @entity3 (Y(344)) with @entity2 in @entity1 uncouples translational regulation of @entity8 from cytochrome c oxidase assembly and provides evidence for the dual functionality of @entity9 .

title: Mimicking a SURF1 allele reveals uncoupling of cytochrome c oxidase assembly from translational regulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Ascending @entity2 (AAD) is an uncommon, time-sensitive, and deadly diagnosis with a nonspecific presentation. Ascending @entity2 is associated with @entity1 , which can be determined by emergency physician focused cardiac ultrasound (EP FOCUS). We seek to determine if @entity0 who receive EP FOCUS have reduced time to diagnosis for AAD. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity0 treated at 1 of 3 affiliated emergency departments, March 1, 2013, to @entity3 , 2015, diagnosed as having AAD. All autopsies were reviewed for missed cases. Primary outcome measure was time to diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were time to disposition, misdiagnosis rate, and mortality. RESULTS: Of 386547 ED visits, targeted review of 123 medical records and 194 autopsy reports identified 32 @entity0 for inclusion. Sixteen @entity0 received EP FOCUS and 16 did not. Median time to diagnosis in the EP FOCUS group was 80 (interquartile range [IQR], 46-157) minutes vs 226 (IQR, 109-1449) minutes in the non-EP FOCUS group (P = .023). Misdiagnosis was 0% (0/16) in the EP FOCUS group vs 43.8% (7/16) in the non-EP FOCUS group (P = .028). Mortality, adjusted for do-not-resuscitate status, for EP FOCUS vs non-EP FOCUS was 15.4% vs 37.5% (P = .24). Median rooming time to disposition was 134 (IQR, 101-195) minutes for EP FOCUS vs 205 (IQR, 114-342) minutes for non-EP FOCUS (P = .27). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who receive EP FOCUS are diagnosed faster and misdiagnosed less compared with @entity0 who do not receive EP FOCUS. We recommend assessment of the thoracic aorta be performed routinely during cardiac ultrasound in the emergency department.

title: Emergency physician focused cardiac ultrasound improves diagnosis of ascending XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite its negative redox potential, nitroxyl (HNO) can trigger reactions of oxidation. Mechanistically, these reactions were suggested to occur with the intermediate formation of either hydroxyl radical (.OH) or peroxynitrite (ONOO-). In this work, we present further experimental evidence that HNO can generate.OH. Sodium trioxodinitrate (Na2N2O3), a commonly used donor of HNO, oxidized phenol and @entity4 SO to benzene diols and.CH3, respectively. The oxidation of Me2SO was O2-independent, suggesting that this process reflected neither the intermediate formation of ONOO- nor a redox cycling of transition metal ions that could initiate Fenton-like reactions. In solutions of phenol, Na2N2O3 yielded benzene-1,2-diol and benzene-1,4-diol at a ratio of 2:1, which is consistent with the generation of free.OH. Ethanol and Me2SO, which are efficient scavengers of.OH, impeded the hydroxylation of phenol. A mechanism for the hydrolysis of Na2N2O3 is proposed that includes dimerization of HNO to cis-hyponitrous acid (HO-N=N-OH) with a concomitant azo-type homolytic fission of the latter to N2 and.OH. The HNO-dependent production of.OH was with 1 order of magnitude higher at pH 6.0 than at pH 7.4. Hence, we hypothesized that HNO can exert selective @entity1 to cells subjected to @entity2 . In support of this thesis, Na2N2O3 was markedly more toxic to @entity0 fibroblasts and SK-N-SH @entity3 cells at pH 6.2 than at pH 7.4. Scavengers of.OH impeded the @entity1 of Na2N2O3. These results suggest that the formation of HNO may be viewed as a toxicological event in tissues subjected to @entity2 .

title: Formation of nitroxyl and hydroxyl radical in solutions of sodium trioxodinitrate: effects of pH and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity2 ) activates its high-affinity receptors (FGFRs) but also acts through interaction with heparan @entity3 proteoglycans ( @entity4 ). Exogenous polysaccharides also modulate the angiogenic activity of @entity2 . We investigated the effect and mechanism of action of a low molecular weight fucoidan derivative (LMWF) on tube formation by @entity0 endothelial cells. LMWF has a better arterial antithrombotic potential in animals than low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). After stimulation of @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by @entity2 and LMWF (or LMWH), we observed 1) using flow cytometry, an increase in the amount of the alpha6 integrin subunit; 2) using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, an increase in alpha6 mRNA (higher with LMWF than with LMWH); and 3) using a Matrigel model, an increase in vascular tube formation (also higher with LMWF than with LMWH). A direct link between alpha6 overexpression and vascular tube formation was confirmed by use of an anti-alpha6 antibody: in its presence, there was no capillary network formation on Matrigel. Unexpectedly, an anti-FGFR blocking antibody had no effect on alpha6 over-expression, whereas stripping off the heparan @entity3 with heparitinases abolished overexpression. Overall, our data suggest that @entity2 stimulates alpha6 over-expression in HUVEC, through @entity4 but independently from FGFR, and that LMWF (or LMWH) modulates this interaction. Expression of heparan @entity3 proteoglycan increases after @entity1 . Given its antithrombotic properties and its ability to potentiate tube formation of endothelial cells, LMWF may have to be considered for revascularization of @entity1 areas.

title: Low molecular weight fucoidan and heparin enhance the basic fibroblast growth factor-induced tube formation of endothelial cells through heparan XXXX -dependent alpha6 overexpression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value of MRI examination in detecting and monitoring @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in childhood @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and/or bone marrow transplantation (BMT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy-three @entity0 (37 males, mean age 12.4 years old) with @entity3 after treatment underwent a lower-limb MR examination between November 2006 and March 2012. In 47 there was clinical suspicion of @entity1 , 26 were asymptomatic. Studies were performed with a 1  T and a 1.5  T scanner, acquiring short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T1-weighted sequences in coronal plane from the hips to the ankles. The average acquisition time was 18  min. Considering baseline and follow-up examinations, the overall number of MRI studies was 195. RESULTS: Fifty-four of 73 @entity0 showed @entity1 at MRI study, with an overall number of 323 @entity1 (89 involving articular surface, 24 with @entity2 , JD). Twenty-five of 47 symptomatic @entity0 showed @entity1 , 11 developed JD. Three of 26 asymptomatic @entity0 showed subchondral bone @entity1 at baseline examination but no JD at follow-up. Twenty-two of 28 BMT, 32/45 @entity4 @entity0 developed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our MRI protocol proved to be feasible in evaluating @entity1 in paediatric @entity0 . Studies should be addressed only to symptomatic @entity0 .

title: Lower-limb MRI in the staging and re-staging of osteonecrosis in paediatric @entity0 affected by XXXX after therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value of MRI examination in detecting and monitoring @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in childhood @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and/or bone marrow transplantation (BMT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy-three @entity0 (37 males, mean age 12.4 years old) with @entity3 after treatment underwent a lower-limb MR examination between November 2006 and March 2012. In 47 there was clinical suspicion of @entity1 , 26 were asymptomatic. Studies were performed with a 1  T and a 1.5  T scanner, acquiring short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T1-weighted sequences in coronal plane from the hips to the ankles. The average acquisition time was 18  min. Considering baseline and follow-up examinations, the overall number of MRI studies was 195. RESULTS: Fifty-four of 73 @entity0 showed @entity1 at MRI study, with an overall number of 323 @entity1 (89 involving articular surface, 24 with @entity2 , JD). Twenty-five of 47 symptomatic @entity0 showed @entity1 , 11 developed JD. Three of 26 asymptomatic @entity0 showed subchondral bone @entity1 at baseline examination but no JD at follow-up. Twenty-two of 28 BMT, 32/45 @entity4 @entity0 developed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our MRI protocol proved to be feasible in evaluating @entity1 in paediatric @entity0 . Studies should be addressed only to symptomatic @entity0 .

title: Lower-limb MRI in the staging and re-staging of osteonecrosis in paediatric XXXX affected by @entity3 after therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Despite some improvements in the health status of the world during the last few decades, major obstacles remain. Improvements in health outcomes have not been shared equally among countries and poverty is clearly the main reason. @entity2 , which remain the major cause of @entity3 worldwide, are an incalculable source of @entity0 misery and economic loss. In fact, 25% of all @entity3 and 30% of the global @entity1 are attributed to @entity2 . Unfortunately, more than 95% of these @entity3 , most of which are preventable, occur in the developing world, where poverty is widespread. The 3 major @entity2 killers in these countries are @entity6 / @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . The principles of social justice and health as a @entity0 right in the developing world have been advocated as the main justification for health assistance from rich to poor countries. Although we do not disagree with this, we argue that a strategy that emphasizes the shared benefit to rich and poor countries would facilitate this process. We propose that the accomplishment of these challenging tasks should be viewed from the perspective of game theory, where the interests of the parties (in this case rich and poor countries) overlap. As the world becomes increasingly integrated, economic development in resource-poor countries will increase the opportunities for richer countries to profit from investment in the developing world. Global health has political and international security implications for the developed world, as well. In view of the current health status of the developing world, we are not playing a game but facing a matter of life and @entity3 . "When health is absent, wisdom cannot reveal itself, art cannot become manifest, strength cannot fight, wealth becomes useless, and intelligence cannot be applied" --Herophilus, 325 BCE (Physician to Alexander the Great). The purpose of this article is to address the relationship between health, poverty, and development in the context of game theory. We will focus on the link between economic inequalities and health outcomes, exclusively concentrating our analysis on the impact of @entity2 . Subsequently, we will outline the game, the players, and the potential win-win outcomes that may potentially result.

title: XXXX , non-zero-sum thinking, and the developing world.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two-stage revisions of total hip arthroplasties complicated by @entity1 result in reinfection rates that are lower than those following single-stage revisions but may also result in increased surgical morbidity. Using a decision analysis, we compared single-stage and two-stage revisions to determine which treatment modality resulted in greater quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). METHODS: A review of the literature on the treatment of @entity0 with an @entity1 at the site of a total hip arthroplasty provided probabilities; utility values for common postoperative health states were determined in a previously published study. With these data, we conducted a Markov cohort simulation decision analysis. Sensitivity analysis validated the model, and comparisons were made in terms of QALYs. RESULTS: The twelve-month model favored direct-exchange revision over the two-stage approach, regardless of whether surgeon or @entity0 -derived utilities were used (0.945 versus 0.896 and 0.897 versus 0.861 QALYs for the @entity0 and surgeon models, respectively). Similar results were observed in a lifetime model with a ten-year life expectancy (7.853 versus 7.771, and 7.438 versus 7.362 QALYs, respectively). The findings were found to be robust in sensitivity analyses in which clinically relevant ranges of input variables were used. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis favored the direct-exchange arthroplasty over the two-stage approach. This study should be considered hypothesis-generating for future randomized controlled trials in which, ideally, health end points will be considered in addition to the eradication of @entity1 .

title: Comparison of one and two-stage revision of total hip arthroplasty complicated by XXXX : a Markov expected-utility decision analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa (aIIbb3-integrin) is the central receptor of @entity5 . Activated @entity6 -IIIa binds fibrinogen or @entity7 factor, which forms molecular bridges between aggregating platelets. This review summarizes data on the relationship between @entity6 -IIIa expression on the platelet surface and platelet aggregating activity. @entity6 -IIIa number, measured as maximal binding of complex-specific monoclonal antibody, varied by approximately two fold in both healthy volunteers (n   =   35) and @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (n   =   65). In healthy volunteers positive associations were observed between @entity6 -IIIa number and the level of @entity2 -induced aggregation when this relationship was analysed in untreated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as well as upon in vitro addition of @entity1 or non-saturating concentrations of @entity6 -IIIa blockers. In the same group of volunteers almost no differences in aggregating activity were detected between donors carrying the GP IIIa Pro33 allele (n   =   15) and those with the GP IIIa Leu33Leu33 genotype (n   =   20). No significant relationships were revealed between @entity5 and variations of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Positive correlation of the level of @entity2 -induced aggregation and @entity6 -IIIa content was detected in @entity0 with @entity3 within the first hour upon admission to the hospital when they had already received @entity1 , but not @entity4 . However, there were no correlations between these parameters at days 3-5 and days 8-12 (before discharge). At these time points @entity0 were treated not only with @entity1 but were saturated with @entity4 as well. In @entity3 @entity0 we also evaluated the expression of another platelet adhesive receptor, GP Ib, and found a significant positive correlation between @entity6 -IIIa and GP Ib content. A strong association was also revealed between the number of both receptors and mean platelet volume. The latter observation indicated that individual variations of the number of glycoprotein molecules are mainly affected by platelet size but not the density of their expression on the platelet membrane. Possible usefulness of measuring @entity6 -IIIa content as a marker of increased platelet reactivity is discussed.

title: Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa content and @entity5 in healthy volunteers and @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa (aIIbb3-integrin) is the central receptor of @entity5 . Activated @entity6 -IIIa binds fibrinogen or @entity7 factor, which forms molecular bridges between aggregating platelets. This review summarizes data on the relationship between @entity6 -IIIa expression on the platelet surface and platelet aggregating activity. @entity6 -IIIa number, measured as maximal binding of complex-specific monoclonal antibody, varied by approximately two fold in both healthy volunteers (n   =   35) and @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (n   =   65). In healthy volunteers positive associations were observed between @entity6 -IIIa number and the level of @entity2 -induced aggregation when this relationship was analysed in untreated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as well as upon in vitro addition of @entity1 or non-saturating concentrations of @entity6 -IIIa blockers. In the same group of volunteers almost no differences in aggregating activity were detected between donors carrying the GP IIIa Pro33 allele (n   =   15) and those with the GP IIIa Leu33Leu33 genotype (n   =   20). No significant relationships were revealed between @entity5 and variations of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Positive correlation of the level of @entity2 -induced aggregation and @entity6 -IIIa content was detected in @entity0 with @entity3 within the first hour upon admission to the hospital when they had already received @entity1 , but not @entity4 . However, there were no correlations between these parameters at days 3-5 and days 8-12 (before discharge). At these time points @entity0 were treated not only with @entity1 but were saturated with @entity4 as well. In @entity3 @entity0 we also evaluated the expression of another platelet adhesive receptor, GP Ib, and found a significant positive correlation between @entity6 -IIIa and GP Ib content. A strong association was also revealed between the number of both receptors and mean platelet volume. The latter observation indicated that individual variations of the number of glycoprotein molecules are mainly affected by platelet size but not the density of their expression on the platelet membrane. Possible usefulness of measuring @entity6 -IIIa content as a marker of increased platelet reactivity is discussed.

title: Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa content and XXXX in healthy volunteers and @entity0 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa (aIIbb3-integrin) is the central receptor of @entity5 . Activated @entity6 -IIIa binds fibrinogen or @entity7 factor, which forms molecular bridges between aggregating platelets. This review summarizes data on the relationship between @entity6 -IIIa expression on the platelet surface and platelet aggregating activity. @entity6 -IIIa number, measured as maximal binding of complex-specific monoclonal antibody, varied by approximately two fold in both healthy volunteers (n   =   35) and @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (n   =   65). In healthy volunteers positive associations were observed between @entity6 -IIIa number and the level of @entity2 -induced aggregation when this relationship was analysed in untreated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as well as upon in vitro addition of @entity1 or non-saturating concentrations of @entity6 -IIIa blockers. In the same group of volunteers almost no differences in aggregating activity were detected between donors carrying the GP IIIa Pro33 allele (n   =   15) and those with the GP IIIa Leu33Leu33 genotype (n   =   20). No significant relationships were revealed between @entity5 and variations of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Positive correlation of the level of @entity2 -induced aggregation and @entity6 -IIIa content was detected in @entity0 with @entity3 within the first hour upon admission to the hospital when they had already received @entity1 , but not @entity4 . However, there were no correlations between these parameters at days 3-5 and days 8-12 (before discharge). At these time points @entity0 were treated not only with @entity1 but were saturated with @entity4 as well. In @entity3 @entity0 we also evaluated the expression of another platelet adhesive receptor, GP Ib, and found a significant positive correlation between @entity6 -IIIa and GP Ib content. A strong association was also revealed between the number of both receptors and mean platelet volume. The latter observation indicated that individual variations of the number of glycoprotein molecules are mainly affected by platelet size but not the density of their expression on the platelet membrane. Possible usefulness of measuring @entity6 -IIIa content as a marker of increased platelet reactivity is discussed.

title: Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa content and @entity5 in healthy volunteers and XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: The effects of maternal @entity2 on birth weight, placental weight, and placental ratio are unclear. A reliable indicator for increased risk of low birth weight or associated low placental weight could prove invaluable in caring for newborns who are small for gestational age. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively review 2 years of hospital obstetric records for evidence of an association between maternal @entity2 (< fifth percentile at 24-week 1-hour @entity1 challenge test) and birth weight, placental weight, or placental ratio. METHODS: Medical center records were reviewed for @entity0 who delivered a term newborn between July 1, 2005, and July 31, 2007. @entity0 included in the study were younger than 35 years and had completed a 1-hour @entity1 challenge test during pregnancy. Excluded were @entity0 with comorbid conditions that may be associated with abnormal birth weight and women with serum @entity1 levels greater than 135 mg/dL. RESULTS: Newborns of @entity0 with @entity2 weighed, on average, significantly less than newborns of @entity0 with normal blood @entity1 levels (t test P=.011). Relative risk was 5.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-27.03). Placentas of @entity0 with @entity2 were also lighter than those of the @entity0 in the control group, but the difference was not significant (t test P=.1089). Differences in placental ratios between the 2 groups were not statistically significant (P=.8171). CONCLUSION: Lower serum @entity1 levels during pregnancy might be a causative factor, rather than merely a risk factor, for lower birth weights.

title: Association of maternal XXXX with low birth weight and low placental weight: a retrospective investigation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed outcomes of @entity0 with @entity2 enrolled in active surveillance. @entity0 AND METHODS: Since 1995, a total of 769 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 have been followed prospectively (median follow-up, 2.7 years; range, 0.01 to 15.0 years) on active surveillance. Enrollment criteria were for very-low-risk @entity1 , defined by clinical stage (T1c), prostate-specific antigen density < 0.15 ng/mL, and prostate biopsy findings (Gleason score  <= 6, two or fewer cores with @entity1 , and  <= 50% @entity1 involvement of any core). Curative intervention was recommended on disease reclassification on the basis of biopsy criteria. The primary outcome was survival free of intervention, and secondary outcomes were rates of disease reclassification and exit from the program. Outcomes were compared between @entity0 who did and did not meet very-low-risk criteria. RESULTS: The median survival free of intervention was 6.5 years (range, 0.0 to 15.0 years) after diagnosis, and the proportions of @entity0 remaining free of intervention after 2, 5, and 10 years of follow-up were 81%, 59%, and 41%, respectively. Overall, 255 @entity0 (33.2%) underwent intervention at a median of 2.2 years (range, 0.6 to 10.2 years) after diagnosis; 188 @entity0 (73.7%) underwent intervention on the basis of disease reclassification on biopsy. The proportions of @entity0 who underwent curative intervention (P = .026) or had biopsy reclassification (P < .001) were significantly lower in @entity0 who met enrollment criteria than in those who did not. There were no @entity2 deaths. CONCLUSION: For carefully selected @entity0 , active surveillance with curative intent appears to be a safe alternative to immediate intervention. Limiting surveillance to very-low-risk @entity0 may reduce the frequency of adverse outcomes.

title: Active surveillance program for XXXX : an update of the Johns Hopkins experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-frequency ultrasound has been shown to be an alternative to surgical @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to stimulate wound healing; however, few data are available. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy, tolerability and benefit of both wound treatment methods. METHODS: A monocentric prospective randomized-controlled clinical study assessing @entity0 -reported outcomes and clinical efficacy of ultrasound-assisted wound treatment (UAW) compared to @entity1 . RESULTS: In total, 67 @entity0 were treated. Efficacy and tolerability were found to be good for both treatments, with 88% of UAW and 85.2% of @entity1 @entity0 experiencing more-than-minimal @entity0 benefit. Quality of life improved significantly. Wound status improved and @entity2 decreased in both groups. CONCLUSION: Compared to the gold standard (i.e. @entity1 ), UAW displays the same high efficacy, comparable @entity0 benefit and improved quality of life. Both procedures are equally suitable for highly beneficial guideline-based treatment of chronic wounds.

title: Efficacy, tolerability and XXXX benefit of ultrasound-assisted wound treatment versus surgical debridement: a randomized clinical study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Little is known of the magnitude of the stress imposed on the heart by ambulatory activities following @entity4 . Heart rate, blood pressure, and rhythm provide simple and important estimates of these potential stresses. We therefore measured these variables in 32 @entity0 during sitting, standing, and walking in the first two days following @entity2 . Ambulatory activities caused only a small increase in heart rate, with a maximum increase of 9 beats/minute during walking. The blood pressure was either unchanged or decreased during activity. In six other @entity0 , we also measured central hemodynamics during the same activities. The wedge pressure fell with sitting and standing and remained low after walking. All activities were well tolerated. The major problem was @entity1 ; this was associated with @entity3 in one @entity0 , @entity5 in four and @entity6 in two. Most of the @entity0 with @entity1 were taking @entity7 . In conclusion, mild ambulatory activities produce little stress for the myocardium and can be permitted in the first few days following @entity4 as long as blood pressure is measured.

title: Assessment of myocardial stress from early ambulatory activities following XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We classified the radiologic findings of 93 @entity0 with acute or subacute @entity3 ( @entity3 ) disease by type and severity of the change in chest x-ray film. Acute radiologic changes, further divided as nodular, ground-glass, or striated patchy opacities, were found in 78/93 @entity0 at the first evaluation; 11 showed chronic changes (radiologic " @entity1 "), which persisted unchanged throughout the follow-up period; and four initially had a normal chest x-ray film. @entity0 were followed up 23 months on an average. The more severe the radiologic change at the first evaluation, the more impaired the diffusing capacity (Dsb). Severe radiologic changes disappeared more slowly than the less severe ones. The differences in the initial pulmonary function values between the two groups disappeared during the follow-up. The type of acute change did not predict the recovery of respiratory performance. Treatment with oral @entity2 did not affect the outcome of lung function or appearance of chronic changes, although corticosteroids seemed to hasten the disappearance of diffuse opacities. At the final evaluation, the chest x-ray film was normal in 55/93 @entity0 . Chronic changes were detected in 38 @entity0 . Severe radiologic appearance and striated patchy opacities predisposed to development of chronic changes.

title: Radiologic findings in XXXX . Prognosis and correlation to lung function.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are a common cause of food refusal, @entity5 , but they may be difficult to diagnose. We have previously identified certain patterns of pathological feeding and behaviors as high-risk characteristics for @entity1 and subsequently developed the diagnostic Wolfson criteria. Here, we evaluate these high-risk behaviors and prospectively compare the Wolfson criteria with 2 existing classifications of @entity4 , the Chatoor and that in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity2 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 and young @entity0 referred for food refusal were invited to participate by completing a feeding pattern questionnaire. Following physicians' interview and examination, @entity0 were scored by all 3 criteria and enrolled in a structured treatment program for @entity4 . @entity0 whose food refusal was associated with an organic cause served as a comparison group. The ability of the criteria to detect @entity4 and to predict response to therapy was compared with an intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-five @entity0 with new-onset @entity4 and 55 controls were included. The Wolfson criteria, Chatoor, and DSM-IV accurately diagnosed 100%, 77%, and 56% of the @entity0 with @entity4 , respectively. Anticipatory gagging occurred in 47% of the @entity0 with @entity4 compared to 2% controls (P < 0.001). The response to therapy was similar among the 3 criteria (73-76%), suggesting that the Wolfson criteria did not incorrectly diagnose @entity3 as @entity4 . The 20 @entity0 who were diagnosed as having @entity4 by Wolfson but not by Chatoor responded equally well (80%) to an @entity4 treatment program. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic criteria of @entity4 that are based on food refusal, pathological feeding, and anticipatory gagging have a higher detection rate than the present criteria and are simpler to implement.

title: Screening criteria for diagnosis of XXXX as a cause of poor feeding or food refusal.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Emergency pneumonectomy for penetrating and blunt @entity2 has an attendant high mortality. @entity0 with @entity4 presenting with @entity7 followed by control of @entity3 , resuscitation with or without aortic cross-clamping and pneumonectomy have had uniformly unsatisfactory results. From 1972 to 1982, eight @entity0 at the University of Louisville Hospital underwent emergency pneumonectomy. All @entity0 underwent expeditious evaluation, resuscitation, and thoracotomy with pneumonectomy. Three @entity0 died of exsanguination (2 @entity0 had major associated intra-abdominal injuries). Three other @entity0 died due to @entity8 and @entity1 2 to 3 hours after @entity3 had been controlled and intravascular volume restored. Aortic cross-clamping was employed in four @entity0 due to persistent @entity9 with 100 per cent mortality. Of the two surviving @entity0 , one presented with stable blood pressure and had pneumonectomy for @entity6 , while the other had pneumonectomy for tangential laceration of the lung at the hilum. @entity8 and @entity1 were responsible for mortality following emergency pneumonectomy and control of @entity3 and restoration of blood volume. The addition of aortic cross-clamping did not seem to alter survival and may, indeed, hinder therapy due to increased vascular afterload and increased @entity5 and @entity8 .

title: Emergency pneumonectomy for penetrating and blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This is a personal assessment of true major @entity3 and the other reflex @entity2 , related but distinctly separate entities. The clinical picture of @entity3 differs only in minor respects from that described by Mitchell over 120 years ago. Its management has, however, been clarified, largely through the extensive experiences of World War II. It is readily recognized and can be treated effectively by sympathetic blocks or sympathectomy together with active exercise. The other reflex @entity2 are far less understood. They appear to have a similar pattern in their early phase and to respond well to a program of exercise and control of @entity0 --a regimen which, because of @entity1 and paresis, cannot be carried out without sympathetic blocks or occasionally sympathectomy. When not recognized early and treated properly, the sympatomatology usually changes dramatically and treatment differs. Often control of @entity0 and active use of the affected part are all that is necessary. Sometimes, in addition to these measures, sympathetic blocks or sympathectomy is required. Guidelines found useful in management are outlined. Puzzling features are discussed.

title: A personal overview of @entity3 and other reflex XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This is a personal assessment of true major @entity3 and the other reflex @entity2 , related but distinctly separate entities. The clinical picture of @entity3 differs only in minor respects from that described by Mitchell over 120 years ago. Its management has, however, been clarified, largely through the extensive experiences of World War II. It is readily recognized and can be treated effectively by sympathetic blocks or sympathectomy together with active exercise. The other reflex @entity2 are far less understood. They appear to have a similar pattern in their early phase and to respond well to a program of exercise and control of @entity0 --a regimen which, because of @entity1 and paresis, cannot be carried out without sympathetic blocks or occasionally sympathectomy. When not recognized early and treated properly, the sympatomatology usually changes dramatically and treatment differs. Often control of @entity0 and active use of the affected part are all that is necessary. Sometimes, in addition to these measures, sympathetic blocks or sympathectomy is required. Guidelines found useful in management are outlined. Puzzling features are discussed.

title: A personal overview of XXXX and other reflex @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although previous evidence has shown that ultrasound is unreliable to diagnose undescended testis, many @entity1 ( @entity1 ) continue to misuse it. We assessed the performance of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for palpable undescended testis, as well as the diagnostic agreement between @entity1 and pediatric urologists. METHODS: We performed a prospective observational cohort study between 2011 and 2013 for consecutive @entity0 referred with a diagnosis of undescended testis to our tertiary pediatric hospital. @entity0 referred without an ultrasound and those with non-palpable @entity2 were excluded. Data on referring diagnosis, pediatric urology examination and ultrasound reports were analyzed. RESULTS: Our study consisted of 339 @entity0 . Of these, @entity0 without an ultrasound (n = 132) and those with non-palpable @entity2 (n = 38) were excluded. In the end, there were 169 pateints in this study. Ultrasound was performed in 50% of referred @entity0 showing 256 undescended testis. The mean age at time of referral was 45 months. When ultrasound was compared to physical examination by the pediatric urologist, agreement was only 34%. The performance of ultrasound for palpable undescended testis was: sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 16%; positive predictive value = 34%; negative predictive value = 100%; positive likelihood ratio = 1.2; and negative likelihood ratio = 0. Diagnosis of undescended testis by @entity1 was confirmed by physical examination in 30% of cases, with 70% re-diagnosed with normal or retractile @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Ultrasound performed poorly to assess for palpable undescended testis in @entity0 and should not be used. Although the study has important limitations, there is an increasing need for education and evidence-based guidelines for @entity1 in the management of undescended testis.

title: Misuse of ultrasound for palpable undescended testis by XXXX : A prospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a @entity5 , first classified by World Health Organisation in 2000. There are very few published data available and optimal management is yet to be determined. Management has varied from surgery alone to craniospinal radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. We present our experience of @entity6 treated with radiotherapy alone. We conducted a retrospective review of @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity6 and treated with radiation therapy at our institute from 2010 onwards. Between January 2010 to January 2013, 5 @entity0 of @entity6 were treated at our institute. Median age is 44 (range 24-62). All @entity0 had preoperative MRI scan of brain and spine. Imaging did not identify any spinal dissemination. None of the @entity0 underwent a gross total resection, due to the @entity1 location and technical difficulties. All @entity0 were treated with external beam radiation therapy to @entity3 only with a dose of 54  Gy in 30 fractions after surgery. 4 @entity0 had good partial response and the remaining 1 has stable disease. After 21.4  months of median follow up no disease recurrence was reported. So far there is no evidence of cerebral @entity2 on MRI scan or @entity4 . Our experience indicated that localised radiation therapy could be an effective treatment strategy for @entity6 , considering the long natural course of the disease and the late adverse effects of intensive treatment.

title: Are we over treating XXXX ? Assessing the role of localised radiation therapy and literature review.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The bugeye mutant has an @entity4 , presumably because of @entity6 . Since @entity6 is a significant risk factor for @entity3 , the bugeye @entity7 mutant may be a model organism for the disease. METHODS: The optomotor response (OMR) was used to assess visual responsiveness in both larval and adult @entity7 . Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded to measure outer retinal function, and histologic analyses were performed on @entity1 and mutant eyes. RESULTS: At 5 days old, bugeye mutants have an OMR, ERGs, and retinal morphology indistinguishable from those of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) animals. By 2 months of age, bugeye mutants begin to develop an @entity4 . At 3 months, some mutants show deficits in the OMR assay, including lower contrast sensitivity. The data suggest that there is a correlation between the size of the enlarged eye and the degree of @entity0 . Histologic analysis of the bugeye mutant retina revealed @entity5 cell densities by 3 months. By 5 months, the mutant's ERG b-wave had smaller amplitudes and longer latencies at brighter light intensities than those of the @entity1 fish. CONCLUSION: After phenotypic onset at 3 months, the bugeye mutants begin to develop @entity2 . At 3 months, bugeye mutants exhibit a decrease in retinal cell densities and by 5 months, they show diminished outer retinal function. In summary, the bugeye mutant provides a means of studying @entity3 -associated phenotypes in the @entity7 .

title: The bugeye mutant @entity7 exhibits XXXX that arise with the onset of an @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The bugeye mutant has an @entity4 , presumably because of @entity6 . Since @entity6 is a significant risk factor for @entity3 , the bugeye @entity7 mutant may be a model organism for the disease. METHODS: The optomotor response (OMR) was used to assess visual responsiveness in both larval and adult @entity7 . Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded to measure outer retinal function, and histologic analyses were performed on @entity1 and mutant eyes. RESULTS: At 5 days old, bugeye mutants have an OMR, ERGs, and retinal morphology indistinguishable from those of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) animals. By 2 months of age, bugeye mutants begin to develop an @entity4 . At 3 months, some mutants show deficits in the OMR assay, including lower contrast sensitivity. The data suggest that there is a correlation between the size of the enlarged eye and the degree of @entity0 . Histologic analysis of the bugeye mutant retina revealed @entity5 cell densities by 3 months. By 5 months, the mutant's ERG b-wave had smaller amplitudes and longer latencies at brighter light intensities than those of the @entity1 fish. CONCLUSION: After phenotypic onset at 3 months, the bugeye mutants begin to develop @entity2 . At 3 months, bugeye mutants exhibit a decrease in retinal cell densities and by 5 months, they show diminished outer retinal function. In summary, the bugeye mutant provides a means of studying @entity3 -associated phenotypes in the @entity7 .

title: The bugeye mutant @entity7 exhibits @entity2 that arise with the onset of an XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The bugeye mutant has an @entity4 , presumably because of @entity6 . Since @entity6 is a significant risk factor for @entity3 , the bugeye @entity7 mutant may be a model organism for the disease. METHODS: The optomotor response (OMR) was used to assess visual responsiveness in both larval and adult @entity7 . Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded to measure outer retinal function, and histologic analyses were performed on @entity1 and mutant eyes. RESULTS: At 5 days old, bugeye mutants have an OMR, ERGs, and retinal morphology indistinguishable from those of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) animals. By 2 months of age, bugeye mutants begin to develop an @entity4 . At 3 months, some mutants show deficits in the OMR assay, including lower contrast sensitivity. The data suggest that there is a correlation between the size of the enlarged eye and the degree of @entity0 . Histologic analysis of the bugeye mutant retina revealed @entity5 cell densities by 3 months. By 5 months, the mutant's ERG b-wave had smaller amplitudes and longer latencies at brighter light intensities than those of the @entity1 fish. CONCLUSION: After phenotypic onset at 3 months, the bugeye mutants begin to develop @entity2 . At 3 months, bugeye mutants exhibit a decrease in retinal cell densities and by 5 months, they show diminished outer retinal function. In summary, the bugeye mutant provides a means of studying @entity3 -associated phenotypes in the @entity7 .

title: The bugeye mutant XXXX exhibits @entity2 that arise with the onset of an @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Though the mechanisms of continence after proctocolectomy and @entity5 -anal @entity2 have been studied, functions of the small intestine have received little attention. However, frequent stools and urgency plague some @entity0 who are otherwise quite continent. Motility of the jejunum and ileum was assessed in eight @entity0 with @entity1 who were studied 4 to 24 months after proctocolectomy and @entity5 -anal @entity2 ; these findings were compared to those in six healthy volunteers. Continuous manometric recordings from the small bowel were obtained in both groups for 16 to 23 hours of @entity4 ; postprandial recordings were made for 6 hours following a mixed meal (800 kcal, 20% protein, 40% fat, 40% @entity3 ) in the ileoanal @entity0 . The duration, velocity of propagation, and periodicity of the migrating motor complex did not differ between the groups (P greater than 0.05). Discrete bursts of clustered contractions were recorded from all of the controls and in five of eight @entity0 . Likewise, we recorded from all controls and five of eight @entity0 large amplitude, prolonged waves of pressure which propagated distally. However, in controls these large amplitude waves were confined to the terminal ileum, but in @entity0 these were detected in the jejunoileum, up to 125 cm proximal to the @entity5 . We conclude that jejunoileal motility is not greatly altered by proctocolectomy with @entity5 -anal @entity2 . However, the appearance of the large amplitude, rapidly propagating waves in the proximal jejunoileum after operation may be a response to increased storage within and distention of the distal bowel.

title: Motility of the small intestine after proctocolectomy and @entity5 -anal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Though the mechanisms of continence after proctocolectomy and @entity5 -anal @entity2 have been studied, functions of the small intestine have received little attention. However, frequent stools and urgency plague some @entity0 who are otherwise quite continent. Motility of the jejunum and ileum was assessed in eight @entity0 with @entity1 who were studied 4 to 24 months after proctocolectomy and @entity5 -anal @entity2 ; these findings were compared to those in six healthy volunteers. Continuous manometric recordings from the small bowel were obtained in both groups for 16 to 23 hours of @entity4 ; postprandial recordings were made for 6 hours following a mixed meal (800 kcal, 20% protein, 40% fat, 40% @entity3 ) in the ileoanal @entity0 . The duration, velocity of propagation, and periodicity of the migrating motor complex did not differ between the groups (P greater than 0.05). Discrete bursts of clustered contractions were recorded from all of the controls and in five of eight @entity0 . Likewise, we recorded from all controls and five of eight @entity0 large amplitude, prolonged waves of pressure which propagated distally. However, in controls these large amplitude waves were confined to the terminal ileum, but in @entity0 these were detected in the jejunoileum, up to 125 cm proximal to the @entity5 . We conclude that jejunoileal motility is not greatly altered by proctocolectomy with @entity5 -anal @entity2 . However, the appearance of the large amplitude, rapidly propagating waves in the proximal jejunoileum after operation may be a response to increased storage within and distention of the distal bowel.

title: Motility of the small intestine after proctocolectomy and XXXX -anal @entity2 .

answer: @entity5