abstract: PURPOSE: To (a) determine the performance of screening mammography, ultrasonography (US), and @entity3 ( @entity3 ); (b) analyze the influence of age, hormonal status, and breast density; (c) compare the size and stage of @entity2 detected with each modality; and (d) determine which modality or combination of modalities optimize @entity2 detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 11,130 asymptomatic @entity1 underwent 27,825 screening sessions, (mammography and subsequent @entity3 ). @entity1 with dense breasts subsequently underwent screening US. Abnormalities were deemed positive if biopsy findings revealed @entity2 and negative if findings from biopsy or all screening examinations were negative. RESULTS: In 221 @entity1 , 246 @entity2 were found. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy of mammography were 77.6%, 98.8%, 99.8%, 35.8%, and 98.6%, respectively; those of @entity3 , 27.6%, 99.4%, 99.4%, 28.9%, and 98.8%, respectively; and those of US, 75.3%, 96.8%, 99.7%, 20.5%, and 96.6%, respectively. Screening breast US increased the number of @entity1 diagnosed with nonpalpable invasive @entity2 by 42% (30 of 71). Mammographic sensitivity declined significantly with increasing breast density (P <.01) (48% for the densest breasts) and in younger @entity1 with dense breasts (P =.02); the effects were independent. Mammography and US together had significantly higher sensitivity (97%) than did mammography and @entity3 together (74%) (P <.001). @entity2 detected at mammography and/or US were significantly smaller (P =.01) and of lower stage (P =.01) than those detected at @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Mammographic sensitivity for @entity0 declines significantly with increasing breast density and is independently higher in older @entity1 with dense breasts. Addition of screening US significantly increases detection of small @entity2 and depicts significantly more @entity2 and at smaller size and lower stage than does @entity3 , which detects independently extremely few @entity2 . Hormonal status has no significant effect on effectiveness of screening independent of breast density.

title: Comparison of the performance of screening mammography, XXXX , and breast US and evaluation of factors that influence them: an analysis of 27,825 @entity1 evaluations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To (a) determine the performance of screening mammography, ultrasonography (US), and @entity3 ( @entity3 ); (b) analyze the influence of age, hormonal status, and breast density; (c) compare the size and stage of @entity2 detected with each modality; and (d) determine which modality or combination of modalities optimize @entity2 detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 11,130 asymptomatic @entity1 underwent 27,825 screening sessions, (mammography and subsequent @entity3 ). @entity1 with dense breasts subsequently underwent screening US. Abnormalities were deemed positive if biopsy findings revealed @entity2 and negative if findings from biopsy or all screening examinations were negative. RESULTS: In 221 @entity1 , 246 @entity2 were found. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy of mammography were 77.6%, 98.8%, 99.8%, 35.8%, and 98.6%, respectively; those of @entity3 , 27.6%, 99.4%, 99.4%, 28.9%, and 98.8%, respectively; and those of US, 75.3%, 96.8%, 99.7%, 20.5%, and 96.6%, respectively. Screening breast US increased the number of @entity1 diagnosed with nonpalpable invasive @entity2 by 42% (30 of 71). Mammographic sensitivity declined significantly with increasing breast density (P <.01) (48% for the densest breasts) and in younger @entity1 with dense breasts (P =.02); the effects were independent. Mammography and US together had significantly higher sensitivity (97%) than did mammography and @entity3 together (74%) (P <.001). @entity2 detected at mammography and/or US were significantly smaller (P =.01) and of lower stage (P =.01) than those detected at @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Mammographic sensitivity for @entity0 declines significantly with increasing breast density and is independently higher in older @entity1 with dense breasts. Addition of screening US significantly increases detection of small @entity2 and depicts significantly more @entity2 and at smaller size and lower stage than does @entity3 , which detects independently extremely few @entity2 . Hormonal status has no significant effect on effectiveness of screening independent of breast density.

title: Comparison of the performance of screening mammography, @entity3 , and breast US and evaluation of factors that influence them: an analysis of 27,825 XXXX evaluations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Plasma prorenin and active @entity3 were measured before and after @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in two groups of @entity0 undergoing ovarian stimulation for 4-6 days with follicle-stimulating hormone alone or in combination with luteinizing hormone, for in vitro fertilization. Baseline total plasma @entity3 (prorenin plus active @entity3 ; n = 12) averaged 25 +/- 8 ng/ml per hr (mean +/- SD). Total @entity3 did not change during ovarian stimulation but it increased to 46 +/- 16 ng/ml per hr (P less than 0.05) 1 or 2 days later, just before hCG administration. Thirty-six hours after hCG administration, just before laparoscopy and egg retrieval, total @entity3 was 123 +/- 97 ng/ml per hr; a peak of 182 +/- 143 ng/ml per hr occurred 2-6 days later--i.e., during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In eight of the @entity0 who did not conceive, total @entity3 returned to baseline 14 days after hCG administration. In four who conceived, a nadir was reached (57 +/- 13 ng/ml per hr) 8-12 days after hCG administration and then total @entity3 increased again as the plasma beta hCG measurement began to rise. By day 16 it averaged 225 +/- 157 ng/ml per hr. In a second group of five @entity0 active @entity3 and prorenin were measured separately. Active @entity3 comprised less than 20% of the total @entity3 at all times. It was unchanged until day 4 after hCG administration and then increased significantly only when plasma @entity5 was high. Thus, the initial response to hCG was entirely due to an increase in prorenin. A highly significant correlation was observed between the number of follicles and the total @entity3 increases on the day of @entity4 (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001) and at the peak (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). After hCG administration, a temporal relationship was observed between the rise in total @entity3 and plasma @entity1 and @entity5 levels. These results demonstrate that plasma prorenin increases markedly after administration of hCG and that the rise is directly related to the number of ovarian follicles and to plasma @entity2 and @entity5 levels. The findings suggest that prorenin is produced by the mature ovarian follicle and by the corpus luteum in response to gonadotropin stimulation.

title: Plasma prorenin response to XXXX chorionic gonadotropin in ovarian-hyperstimulated @entity0 : correlation with the number of ovarian follicles and steroid hormone concentrations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Plasma prorenin and active @entity3 were measured before and after @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in two groups of @entity0 undergoing ovarian stimulation for 4-6 days with follicle-stimulating hormone alone or in combination with luteinizing hormone, for in vitro fertilization. Baseline total plasma @entity3 (prorenin plus active @entity3 ; n = 12) averaged 25 +/- 8 ng/ml per hr (mean +/- SD). Total @entity3 did not change during ovarian stimulation but it increased to 46 +/- 16 ng/ml per hr (P less than 0.05) 1 or 2 days later, just before hCG administration. Thirty-six hours after hCG administration, just before laparoscopy and egg retrieval, total @entity3 was 123 +/- 97 ng/ml per hr; a peak of 182 +/- 143 ng/ml per hr occurred 2-6 days later--i.e., during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In eight of the @entity0 who did not conceive, total @entity3 returned to baseline 14 days after hCG administration. In four who conceived, a nadir was reached (57 +/- 13 ng/ml per hr) 8-12 days after hCG administration and then total @entity3 increased again as the plasma beta hCG measurement began to rise. By day 16 it averaged 225 +/- 157 ng/ml per hr. In a second group of five @entity0 active @entity3 and prorenin were measured separately. Active @entity3 comprised less than 20% of the total @entity3 at all times. It was unchanged until day 4 after hCG administration and then increased significantly only when plasma @entity5 was high. Thus, the initial response to hCG was entirely due to an increase in prorenin. A highly significant correlation was observed between the number of follicles and the total @entity3 increases on the day of @entity4 (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001) and at the peak (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). After hCG administration, a temporal relationship was observed between the rise in total @entity3 and plasma @entity1 and @entity5 levels. These results demonstrate that plasma prorenin increases markedly after administration of hCG and that the rise is directly related to the number of ovarian follicles and to plasma @entity2 and @entity5 levels. The findings suggest that prorenin is produced by the mature ovarian follicle and by the corpus luteum in response to gonadotropin stimulation.

title: Plasma prorenin response to @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin in ovarian-hyperstimulated XXXX : correlation with the number of ovarian follicles and steroid hormone concentrations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In this study, we examined the acute effects of submaximal resistance exercise on immunological and hormonal parameters in 7 resistance-trained and 10 non-resistance-trained males. The @entity0 , who were aged 29.5 +/- 7.1 years (mean +/- s), performed submaximal resistance exercise at 75% of their one-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken before, during, immediately after, and 30, 60 and 120 min after exercise and analysed for leukocyte subpopulations and stress hormones. Total leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes increased during exercise, reaching their maximum 2 h after exercise. Lymphocytes increased during exercise, T-helper cells returned to resting values after exercise, and natural killer cells and T-suppressor cells decreased below resting values. The @entity2 / @entity3 ratio decreased during exercise but increased during recovery. The resistance-trained @entity0 tended to have lower T-helper cell counts before, during and immediately after exercise and a lower @entity2 / @entity3 ratio during recovery than the non-resistance-trained @entity0 . Plasma @entity4 correlated positively with leukocytes during exercise (r = 0.572, P < 0.05), but negatively with T-helper cells 30 and 60 min after exercise (r = -0.573, P < 0.05; r = -0.642, P < 0.01, respectively). Our results indicate that resistance exercise leads to acute changes in leukocyte counts, despite moderate hormonal changes, independent of training status. Regular resistance exercise might lead to decreased T-helper cell counts and a lower @entity2 / @entity3 ratio, which could increase susceptibility to @entity1 .

title: Acute impact of submaximal resistance exercise on immunological and hormonal parameters in young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 296 strains of @entity5 have been submitted for confirmation and further studies to the Listeria Reference Laboratory at the Institute of Hygiene in W  rzburg, Federal Republic of Germany. They have been isolated between 1969 and 1985 from @entity0 cases in the Federal Republic and West Berlin. The results of an analysis of the respective cases are presented here on the basis of questionnaires. A steady increase of Listeria isolations has been noted during the past few years. The largest number of strains originated from the district Nordrhein-Westfalen which has the largest population of all German federal districts. The highest incidence calculated from the number of strains and total population was found for the district of Saarland. There was no predominance detectable of listeriosis among the rural population. 60% of the strains came from @entity0 living in urban areas. In 6 out of 21 cases of @entity4 at least one of the parents was engaged in professional medical services. The most frequently observed clinical entities were @entity3 (41.14%) and @entity2 (36.00%). Among the newborns @entity2 was predominant with 40.90%. Listeriosis during pregnancy and among newborns was connected with 53.57% of all strains isolated. The questionnaire revealed for the underlying conditions in 35% and in 24% of cases @entity1 and organ transplantations, respectively. There was no increased rate of predominance found among the elderly. However, 50% of all strains isolated originated from newborns. The sex distribution was almost equal; 52.56% from males of the total number of isolates and 51.22% from males among the newborns. 67% of these which had a @entity3 after the first weeks of life were male. There was no seasonal incidence detectable. Serovar 4b was found in 66.22% of all isolates tested. 295 strains produced acid from @entity8 and @entity6 , but not from @entity7 and were thus typical for @entity5 . One strain needs further studies.

title: [ XXXX listeriosis infections in West Germany, 1969-1985].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A retrospective study was conducted in 85 @entity0 with clinically certain von @entity6 seen between 1972 and 1982. A similar study was conducted in 105 @entity0 without @entity9 observed during the same period who underwent excision of a cutaneous @entity8 or @entity4 . Thirty-nine of the @entity0 with @entity9 never had surgical treatment for a nervous @entity7 ; 46 had one or several @entity1 excised for diagnostic purposes or for cosmetic reasons. More than 300 @entity1 had been removed in these 46 @entity0 . The post-operative follow-up period is now at least 2 years for all @entity0 , 5 years for 85 p. 100 of them and more than 10 years for one-third. Only one case of @entity7 was observed in a @entity0 who never had surgical treatment; it was a @entity10 which resulted in @entity2 within two years. Two other deaths related to @entity9 were recorded: one after surgical treatment of a duodenal @entity4 , the other due to @entity3 after @entity5 on a @entity11 . Three other deaths unrelated to @entity9 occurred. Local relapses without suspicion of @entity1 were observed in 8 of the 46 surgical @entity0 ; 3 cases concerned large plexiform @entity8 of the face; excision was histologically incomplete in most cases with or without relapse. No case of @entity1 was recorded in the follow-up of the 105 @entity0 without @entity9 but with nervous @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Incidence of the degeneration of cutaneous nerve tumors in XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The American Heart Association recommends prophylactic administration of @entity1 before each dental session to @entity0 susceptible to @entity2 . Such preventive treatment, however, may trigger the transient appearance of @entity1 -resistant bacterial strains. In order to investigate the behavior of oral streptococci, 29 healthy volunteers who did not harbor @entity1 -resistant viridans streptococci received 4 gm of @entity3 orally over a period of 10 hours. This amount constituted the sole dose of antibiotics administered in the entire experiment. Daily specimens of oral flora were obtained for 14 successive days from each @entity0 and incubated aerobically with a @entity1 -saturated disk for 24 hours. Viridans streptococci were considered resistant when bacterial colonies grew adjacent to the disk for 1 day or more. The study population was divided into high- and low-resistance groups, according to the individual antibiograms. Resistant viridans streptococci were already detected at 6 hours after @entity1 ingestion in nine (31%) of the subjects. Six months later, oral specimens were taken from ten randomly selected @entity0 ; these specimens served as a control. The difference in bacterial resistance between the high- and low-resistance groups was significant for the duration of 9 days, as was that between the high-resistance and control groups (p less than 0.05 in both cases). In order to minimize the odds that @entity1 -resistant bacterial strains will develop in @entity0 susceptible to @entity2 , elective dental treatments in these @entity0 should be scheduled in intervals of not less than 10 days.

title: Development of resistant oral viridans streptococci after administration of prophylactic antibiotics: time management in the dental treatment of @entity0 susceptible to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The American Heart Association recommends prophylactic administration of @entity1 before each dental session to @entity0 susceptible to @entity2 . Such preventive treatment, however, may trigger the transient appearance of @entity1 -resistant bacterial strains. In order to investigate the behavior of oral streptococci, 29 healthy volunteers who did not harbor @entity1 -resistant viridans streptococci received 4 gm of @entity3 orally over a period of 10 hours. This amount constituted the sole dose of antibiotics administered in the entire experiment. Daily specimens of oral flora were obtained for 14 successive days from each @entity0 and incubated aerobically with a @entity1 -saturated disk for 24 hours. Viridans streptococci were considered resistant when bacterial colonies grew adjacent to the disk for 1 day or more. The study population was divided into high- and low-resistance groups, according to the individual antibiograms. Resistant viridans streptococci were already detected at 6 hours after @entity1 ingestion in nine (31%) of the subjects. Six months later, oral specimens were taken from ten randomly selected @entity0 ; these specimens served as a control. The difference in bacterial resistance between the high- and low-resistance groups was significant for the duration of 9 days, as was that between the high-resistance and control groups (p less than 0.05 in both cases). In order to minimize the odds that @entity1 -resistant bacterial strains will develop in @entity0 susceptible to @entity2 , elective dental treatments in these @entity0 should be scheduled in intervals of not less than 10 days.

title: Development of resistant oral viridans streptococci after administration of prophylactic antibiotics: time management in the dental treatment of XXXX susceptible to @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and plasminogen activator activity ( @entity9 ) rise during hypoglycaemia, and this might contribute to the @entity3 of @entity1 . Similar changes in haemostasis accompany raised plasma levels of vasopressin (aVP) and adrenaline. To investigate the effects of these hormones on haemostasis during hypoglycaemia and the role of plasma insulin concentrations, eight insulin-dependent @entity1 @entity0 underwent controlled hypoglycaemia for 20 min and 13 @entity1 @entity0 were investigated during hyperinsulinaemia with blood @entity2 maintained at 8.0 mmol/l. During hypoglycaemia, insulin levels increased to median values of 114 mU/l, a @entity8 rose from 0.5 to 4.4 (p less than 0.005) pg/ml and @entity4 from 0.4 to 4.4 nmol/l (p less than 0.005). @entity5 coagulant activity ( @entity5 :C) rose from 0.75 to 1.09 IU/ml (p less than 0.01) and the @entity10 co-factor (FVIIIR:Co) and @entity6 factor antigen ( @entity7 :Ag) showed similar responses. @entity9 increased from 156 to 745 units (p less than 0.005). During hyperinsulinaemia, insulin rose following infusion from 24 to 52 and 118 mU/l, maintained for an hour at each level. Despite this, plasma aVP, @entity5 :C, FVIIIR:Co, @entity7 :Ag and @entity9 remained unchanged. This study indicates that the marked changes in @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity9 concentrations which accompany hypoglycaemia depend on low blood @entity2 and not raised plasma insulin. The response in probably mediated by increases in adrenaline and aVP, which are part of the physiological response to hypoglycaemia.

title: Hormonal control of haemostasis during hypoglycaemia in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study is to compare the long-term mortality of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) hospitalized with early @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity1 control without @entity2 . The study is based on a population of 2,050 @entity1 consecutively hospitalized for the first time for high blood pressure, between oct. 1969 and nov. 1983. Among them, 115 presented with early @entity2 (symptoms for less than 3 months, the diagnosis being made mainly on interview data, physical exam, and radio); they were matched with Controls (C) belonging to the same @entity1 population, on the following criteria: same sex, same age (+/- 3 years), same date of entry (+/- 3 months), no @entity2 at entry, 94 Cases (CHF) could be matched: 64 @entity0 and 30 @entity0 (mean age: 50 +/- 11). A mortality survey was done in April 1985, with response rates of 96 p. 100 (CHF) and 98 p. 100 (C). The mean follow-up period was 11 years. At entry, CHF differed highly significantly form C in many ways, and mainly in higher systolic BP, more frequent ECG changes (LV voltage, J-ST-T changes), more severe fundus oculi changes. The survival rate was assessed by life-table method. As a whole, it was significantly reduced in CHF vs C (p/0.005); the 10-years survival rates were respectively 51% (CHF) and 71% (C). Case-control comparison was examined for both sexes, and after division by the median age (50 years): CHF survival was significantly reduced in @entity0 , and in subjects aged 50 and more (p/0.03); no significant difference was observed for @entity0 and before 50. CHF were dichotomized for each available item at entry, and lifetable comparison was compared in both issuing sub-groups; no significant difference was observed, but for the age, with a better survival in youngest subjects (p/0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Case-controlled study of the prognosis of cardiac insufficiency in treated XXXX @entity0 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study is to compare the long-term mortality of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) hospitalized with early @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity1 control without @entity2 . The study is based on a population of 2,050 @entity1 consecutively hospitalized for the first time for high blood pressure, between oct. 1969 and nov. 1983. Among them, 115 presented with early @entity2 (symptoms for less than 3 months, the diagnosis being made mainly on interview data, physical exam, and radio); they were matched with Controls (C) belonging to the same @entity1 population, on the following criteria: same sex, same age (+/- 3 years), same date of entry (+/- 3 months), no @entity2 at entry, 94 Cases (CHF) could be matched: 64 @entity0 and 30 @entity0 (mean age: 50 +/- 11). A mortality survey was done in April 1985, with response rates of 96 p. 100 (CHF) and 98 p. 100 (C). The mean follow-up period was 11 years. At entry, CHF differed highly significantly form C in many ways, and mainly in higher systolic BP, more frequent ECG changes (LV voltage, J-ST-T changes), more severe fundus oculi changes. The survival rate was assessed by life-table method. As a whole, it was significantly reduced in CHF vs C (p/0.005); the 10-years survival rates were respectively 51% (CHF) and 71% (C). Case-control comparison was examined for both sexes, and after division by the median age (50 years): CHF survival was significantly reduced in @entity0 , and in subjects aged 50 and more (p/0.03); no significant difference was observed for @entity0 and before 50. CHF were dichotomized for each available item at entry, and lifetable comparison was compared in both issuing sub-groups; no significant difference was observed, but for the age, with a better survival in youngest subjects (p/0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Case-controlled study of the prognosis of cardiac insufficiency in treated @entity1 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 radicals ( @entity2 .) in free solution react with scavengers at rates predictable from their known second-order rate constants. However, when @entity2 . radicals are produced in biological systems by metal-ion-dependent Fenton-type reactions scavengers do not always appear to conform to these established rate constants. The detector molecules @entity6 and @entity5 were used to study damage by @entity2 . involving a @entity4 -abstraction reaction and an aromatic hydroxylation. In the presence of @entity1 the rate constant for the reaction of scavengers with @entity2 . was generally higher than in the absence of @entity1 . This radiomimetic effect of @entity1 can be explained by the removal of @entity0 from the detector molecule, where it brings about a site-specific reaction, by @entity1 allowing more @entity2 . radicals to escape into free solution to react with added scavengers. The @entity6 assay, although chemically complex, in the presence of @entity1 appears to give a simple and cheap method of obtaining rate constants for @entity2 . reactions that compare well with those obtained by using pulse radiolysis.

title: Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to XXXX and @entity5 . The increased effectiveness of @entity3 -radical scavengers in the presence of @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 radicals ( @entity2 .) in free solution react with scavengers at rates predictable from their known second-order rate constants. However, when @entity2 . radicals are produced in biological systems by metal-ion-dependent Fenton-type reactions scavengers do not always appear to conform to these established rate constants. The detector molecules @entity6 and @entity5 were used to study damage by @entity2 . involving a @entity4 -abstraction reaction and an aromatic hydroxylation. In the presence of @entity1 the rate constant for the reaction of scavengers with @entity2 . was generally higher than in the absence of @entity1 . This radiomimetic effect of @entity1 can be explained by the removal of @entity0 from the detector molecule, where it brings about a site-specific reaction, by @entity1 allowing more @entity2 . radicals to escape into free solution to react with added scavengers. The @entity6 assay, although chemically complex, in the presence of @entity1 appears to give a simple and cheap method of obtaining rate constants for @entity2 . reactions that compare well with those obtained by using pulse radiolysis.

title: Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to @entity6 and @entity5 . The increased effectiveness of XXXX -radical scavengers in the presence of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 radicals ( @entity2 .) in free solution react with scavengers at rates predictable from their known second-order rate constants. However, when @entity2 . radicals are produced in biological systems by metal-ion-dependent Fenton-type reactions scavengers do not always appear to conform to these established rate constants. The detector molecules @entity6 and @entity5 were used to study damage by @entity2 . involving a @entity4 -abstraction reaction and an aromatic hydroxylation. In the presence of @entity1 the rate constant for the reaction of scavengers with @entity2 . was generally higher than in the absence of @entity1 . This radiomimetic effect of @entity1 can be explained by the removal of @entity0 from the detector molecule, where it brings about a site-specific reaction, by @entity1 allowing more @entity2 . radicals to escape into free solution to react with added scavengers. The @entity6 assay, although chemically complex, in the presence of @entity1 appears to give a simple and cheap method of obtaining rate constants for @entity2 . reactions that compare well with those obtained by using pulse radiolysis.

title: Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to @entity6 and XXXX . The increased effectiveness of @entity3 -radical scavengers in the presence of @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 radicals ( @entity2 .) in free solution react with scavengers at rates predictable from their known second-order rate constants. However, when @entity2 . radicals are produced in biological systems by metal-ion-dependent Fenton-type reactions scavengers do not always appear to conform to these established rate constants. The detector molecules @entity6 and @entity5 were used to study damage by @entity2 . involving a @entity4 -abstraction reaction and an aromatic hydroxylation. In the presence of @entity1 the rate constant for the reaction of scavengers with @entity2 . was generally higher than in the absence of @entity1 . This radiomimetic effect of @entity1 can be explained by the removal of @entity0 from the detector molecule, where it brings about a site-specific reaction, by @entity1 allowing more @entity2 . radicals to escape into free solution to react with added scavengers. The @entity6 assay, although chemically complex, in the presence of @entity1 appears to give a simple and cheap method of obtaining rate constants for @entity2 . reactions that compare well with those obtained by using pulse radiolysis.

title: Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to @entity6 and @entity5 . The increased effectiveness of @entity3 -radical scavengers in the presence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Surgery is the definitive treatment for @entity2 . Conservative treatments, such as wrist splinting and @entity1 injections, are also effective for the relief of @entity2 , but their use remains controversial because they only offer long-term relief in a minority of @entity0 . A prospective study was performed to assess the role of @entity1 injections combined with wrist splinting for the management of @entity2 . A total of 73 @entity0 with 99 affected hands were studied. @entity0 presenting with known medical causes or muscle wasting were excluded. Diagnosis was made clinically and electrodiagnostic studies were performed only when equivocal clinical signs were present. Each @entity0 received up to three @entity3 injections into the @entity2 and wore a neutral-position wrist splint continuously for 9 weeks. After that period, symptomatic @entity0 received an open @entity2 release, and those who remained asymptomatic were followed up regularly for at least 1 year. @entity0 who relapsed were scheduled for surgery. At a minimum follow-up of 1 year, seven @entity0 (9.6 percent) with 10 affected hands (10.1 percent) remained asymptomatic. This group had a significantly shorter duration of symptoms (2.9 months versus 8.35 months; p = 0.039, Mann-Whitney test) and significantly less sensory change (40 percent versus 72 percent; p = 0.048, Fisher's exact test) at presentation when compared with the group who had surgery. It is concluded that @entity1 injections and wrist splinting are effective for relief of @entity2 but have a long-term effect in only 10 percent of @entity0 . Symptom duration of less than 3 months and absence of sensory impairment at presentation were predictive of a lasting response to conservative treatment. It is suggested that selected @entity0 (i.e., with no thenar wasting or obvious underlying cause) presenting with mild to moderate @entity2 receive either a single @entity1 injection or wear a wrist splint for 3 weeks. This will allow identification of the 10 percent of @entity0 who respond well to conservative therapy and do not need surgery.

title: A prospective study to assess the outcome of XXXX injections and wrist splinting for the treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Surgery is the definitive treatment for @entity2 . Conservative treatments, such as wrist splinting and @entity1 injections, are also effective for the relief of @entity2 , but their use remains controversial because they only offer long-term relief in a minority of @entity0 . A prospective study was performed to assess the role of @entity1 injections combined with wrist splinting for the management of @entity2 . A total of 73 @entity0 with 99 affected hands were studied. @entity0 presenting with known medical causes or muscle wasting were excluded. Diagnosis was made clinically and electrodiagnostic studies were performed only when equivocal clinical signs were present. Each @entity0 received up to three @entity3 injections into the @entity2 and wore a neutral-position wrist splint continuously for 9 weeks. After that period, symptomatic @entity0 received an open @entity2 release, and those who remained asymptomatic were followed up regularly for at least 1 year. @entity0 who relapsed were scheduled for surgery. At a minimum follow-up of 1 year, seven @entity0 (9.6 percent) with 10 affected hands (10.1 percent) remained asymptomatic. This group had a significantly shorter duration of symptoms (2.9 months versus 8.35 months; p = 0.039, Mann-Whitney test) and significantly less sensory change (40 percent versus 72 percent; p = 0.048, Fisher's exact test) at presentation when compared with the group who had surgery. It is concluded that @entity1 injections and wrist splinting are effective for relief of @entity2 but have a long-term effect in only 10 percent of @entity0 . Symptom duration of less than 3 months and absence of sensory impairment at presentation were predictive of a lasting response to conservative treatment. It is suggested that selected @entity0 (i.e., with no thenar wasting or obvious underlying cause) presenting with mild to moderate @entity2 receive either a single @entity1 injection or wear a wrist splint for 3 weeks. This will allow identification of the 10 percent of @entity0 who respond well to conservative therapy and do not need surgery.

title: A prospective study to assess the outcome of @entity1 injections and wrist splinting for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: From 1969 to 1977, @entity2 developed in 145 of the 558 @entity1 treated for @entity0 at the University of Maryland Medical System. The most common first site of distant spread was bone (51%), followed by lung (17%), brain (16%), and liver (6%). The remaining 10% of @entity1 had multiple metastatic sites. Fewer than 10% of the entire group received adjuvant chemotherapy after primary treatment. When @entity2 appeared, most @entity1 had palliative systemic chemotherapy and/or irradiation. In general, @entity1 with initially negative axillary nodes had a longer median time until relapse (development of @entity2 ) and a longer survival time after diagnosis of @entity2 than @entity1 with initially positive nodes. Liver was the least common initial metastatic site; while liver @entity2 was seen only in @entity1 with positive axillary nodes, it carried the worst prognosis. The overall median survival time after @entity2 was 12 months for @entity4 , three months for @entity3 , and only one month for liver @entity2 . The median survival of @entity1 with multiple metastatic sites was 7.5 months. No correlation was found between time until relapse and survival after @entity2 . @entity1 in whom distant @entity2 developed relatively soon after the initial diagnosis had the same postmetastatic prognosis as @entity1 whose disease metastasized later. No correlation was found between age at initial diagnosis and @entity2 -free interval or survival after @entity2 .

title: XXXX : metastatic patterns and their prognosis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential for using seven prescribing indicators, individually and in combination, to measure prescribing quality for hospitalised @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN AND SETTING: The dataset included full details of all psychotropic medication prescribed over a 24 hour period to 4192 inpatients in 49 British mental health services in 1998. RESULTS: Despite the large size of the dataset, for three of the indicators 20 services had fewer than 10 eligible @entity0 . There was great variation between services in indicator scores. Correlations between standardised indicator scores and total score (which omitted the indicator concerned) were above 0.3 for all but one of the indicators. Cronbach's alpha was 0.73 when this outlying indicator was removed. CONCLUSIONS: There are no routinely collected prescribing data that allow for the quality of prescribing for @entity1 @entity0 to be monitored. Six of the seven indicators measured during this census survey appear to reflect a common attribute of the services, and the analysis suggests that they might be combined to give an overall measure of service performance. There was, however, no relationship between performance on the seventh indicator and performance on the other six. This raises questions about case mix and service level factors that might influence indicator scores independent of prescriber decision making. The psychometric properties of prescribing indicators (occurrence rates, consistency over time) are unknown.

title: The use of prescribing indicators to measure the quality of care in XXXX inpatients.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of median somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) in the acute phase of @entity7 or @entity2 regarding long-term prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-four @entity1 @entity0 mean age 61.2, SD 11.8) were included. CT confirmed diagnoses were: cortical @entity6 in 35; subcortical MCA 11; mixed 25. By size, @entity4 were: massive, 29; restricted, 33; and lacunar, 9. The number of @entity0 with @entity2 was 8; putamenal @entity2 , 7; other, 8. All @entity0 presented with severe @entity5 (54) or @entity3 (40) with hemihipoesthesia in 89 @entity0 . Median SSEP were recorded early (up to 7th day, mean 5.2 days, SD 0.72). SSEP parameters (presence/absence of SSEP, absolute and relative latency, amplitude of early waveforms) were compared to motor (Medical Research Council scale) and functional ability (Barthel index) at 3 and 12 months after @entity1 . RESULTS: Absolute N20 amplitudes and amplitude ratio evidenced almost similar predictive values that reached 66.4% at 12 months. Combined application of N20 and MRC gains provided significantly stronger prognostic information which reached 72%. CONCLUSIONS: Median SSEP parameters may serve as independent predictors of outcome. Most informative in prognosis in the early stage of @entity1 was the combined assessment of MRC and N20-P25 amplitude ratio.

title: Median SSEP changes in XXXX : long-term predictive values regarding ADL recovery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a @entity0 with @entity3 who developed Aspergillus tracheobronchitis resulting in @entity4 and @entity6 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. @entity0 : A 22-yr-old female with @entity3 who developed a @entity7 3 months after completing immunosuppressive therapy. She was treated empirically with broad spectrum antibiotics and subsequently received a supplementary chemotherapeutic course. Soon afterward she developed severe @entity6 . Chest radiograph showed @entity5 . INTERVENTIONS: Emergent mechanical ventilation; fiberoptic bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed extensive obstruction of both main and subsegmental bronchi with a solid mass strongly adhered to the bronchial wall; both histologic examination and culture of that mass revealed Aspergillus. The @entity0 died of refractory @entity2 a few days later. CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis should be considered in immunocompromised @entity0 with suspected @entity1 even when the main radiographic finding is atelectasis. Bronchoscopy and histologic examination of identified intraluminal material should be performed as soon as possible.

title: @entity4 and XXXX due to Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a @entity0 with @entity3 who developed Aspergillus tracheobronchitis resulting in @entity4 and @entity6 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. @entity0 : A 22-yr-old female with @entity3 who developed a @entity7 3 months after completing immunosuppressive therapy. She was treated empirically with broad spectrum antibiotics and subsequently received a supplementary chemotherapeutic course. Soon afterward she developed severe @entity6 . Chest radiograph showed @entity5 . INTERVENTIONS: Emergent mechanical ventilation; fiberoptic bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed extensive obstruction of both main and subsegmental bronchi with a solid mass strongly adhered to the bronchial wall; both histologic examination and culture of that mass revealed Aspergillus. The @entity0 died of refractory @entity2 a few days later. CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis should be considered in immunocompromised @entity0 with suspected @entity1 even when the main radiographic finding is atelectasis. Bronchoscopy and histologic examination of identified intraluminal material should be performed as soon as possible.

title: XXXX and @entity6 due to Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a recently published post-mortem series the incidence of @entity2 in @entity3 was estimated at about 8.7%. These lesions rarely produce specific cardiac symptoms; they usually are late manifestations of a disease with @entity1 or are discovered at autopsy. In most @entity0 the lesions are not limited to the heart but represent the extension to that organ of a @entity3 . We observed two cases of @entity2 secondary to malignant @entity4 and we were able to evaluate their response to chemotherapy. In the first @entity0 the cardiac symptoms revealed the @entity3 ; in the second @entity0 the cardiac involvement was discovered 4 years after the @entity3 was diagnosed. In both cases the @entity2 were detected by two-dimensional echocardiography. They presented as polypoid masses filling the right atrium and associated with periaortic thickening in the first case, and as a large heterogeneous mass including a tricuspid valve leaflet and extending to the free wall of the right ventricle in the second case. @entity5 was present in the two @entity0 . These echocardiographic findings were confirmed computerized tomography and catheterization. In the first case, followed up for one year, the echocardiographic images reverted to normality after chemotherapy. The second @entity0 , unfortunately, did not respond to chemotherapy and deteriorated rapidly.

title: [Cardiac involvement in 2 cases of XXXX . Course of cardiac involvement under chemotherapy].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Back @entity1 is a major health problem and the most important disorder associated with sickness absence. This report presents experiences from a @entity2 outpatient clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected demographic data, diagnoses on the referrals (ICPC) and in the outpatient clinic (ICD-9) and recommendations given to 206 @entity0 , referred 1 January to 30 April 1998. RESULTS: 41% were @entity0 (mean age 45), 59% @entity0 (mean age 44). Mean waiting time before appointment was 35 days compared to 49 days before the clinic was opened. 43% were prioritized for an appointment within two weeks; mean waiting time in this group was 16 days. 125 (63%) of 200 were referred with non-specific @entity3 . Of these, 99 (79%) were given the same diagnosis in the clinic. 75 (37%) had a referral diagnosis of lumbar disk injury with radiation, of whom 46 (61%) were diagnosed with lumbar nuclear prolapse or @entity4 in the clinic. INTERPRETATION: An outpatient clinic may be a useful way to organise the specialist health service system for @entity2 @entity0 .

title: [Back XXXX outpatient clinic--preliminary experiences from Aust-Agder].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) is a cytotoxic agent demonstrated to have broad antitumor activity. Poor solubility in aqueous media has precluded significant evaluation of parenteral administration of this drug. A formulation of @entity2 dissolved in Intralipid has demonstrated excellent tolerance following parenteral administration. The goal of this study was to evaluate the pharmacology of @entity2 in Intralipid following hepatic regional administration. The routes of administration were intraarterial via the hepatic artery with and without @entity0 , i.v. via the portal and jugular veins, and i.p. All animals received a total dose of 10 mg @entity2 /kg of body weight. Hepatic extraction of @entity2 was most evident via the portal vein (PV) route [AUC(PV)/AUC(i.v.) = 0.5; P less than 0.05]. Lower plasma levels and areas under the curve (AUCs) were observed for the hepatic artery and hepatic artery-stop flow groups when compared to i.v., but the difference was not significant. Administration i.p. yielded low plasma levels but a very long half-life (88 min). Hepatic tissue levels were highest in the group receiving @entity2 by the hepatic artery-stop flow route. We conclude that the @entity2 -Intralipid mixture is well tolerated, that @entity2 is extracted to a significant degree by the liver following PV administration, and that an i.p. installation of @entity2 -Intralipid results in prolonged plasma drug levels. This preclinical study supports further efforts at evaluation of parenteral administration of the @entity2 -intralipid mixture.

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in intralipid following hepatic regional administration in rabbits.

answer: @entity1


abstract: No hypothesis-testing studies (blinded, randomized, controlled, prospective) with @entity2 as endpoint have been published so far. Instead we have to rely on observational cohort and case-control studies, from which available data imply that physical activity reduces the risk of @entity1 in @entity0 and perhaps also in @entity0 . This could be the case, but repeated sampling bias could present the same outcome. Whether or not exercise reduces the number of @entity2 and other @entity2 is less often evaluated. @entity2 rate seems not to be reduced with cessation of exercise. The evidence that exercise modifies the risk of falling is compelling. Exercise is associated with improved muscle strength, coordination and balance. Exercise increases muscle strength even in octogenarians by 20-200 per cent, but these benefits are lost if activity is reduced. Exercise reduces the risk of falling and perhaps also the number of falls. Whether or not the number of injurious falls is reduced by exercise is even more hotly debated.

title: [Exercise increases muscle strength and probably prevents XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The abundance of anopheline mosquitoes varies substantially among houses within the same villages. @entity3 is highly anthropophilic, and Anopheles arabiensis is zoophilic; thus, it is often hypothesized that the abundance of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis in a house is associated with the distribution of livestock and @entity0 . In this paper we examined the influence of livestock and @entity0 host availability on the distribution and abundance of @entity2 vectors in the basin region of Lake Victoria in western Kenya. Larvae and adults of An. gambiae, An. arabiensis and @entity4 were collected in the beginning and the end of the rainy season in 1999. @entity3 was the predominant species in both larval and adult samples. Multiple regression analyses found that the ratio of distance between houses and larval habitats to distance between cowsheds and larval habitats had a significant and negative association with the relative abundance of An. gambiae larvae for both sampling periods. The ratio of @entity0 density to @entity1 density was positively correlated with the relative abundance of An. gambiae larvae in the late rainy period. For the adult samples, distance from a house to its nearest larval habitats was the only variable that showed a significant correlation with the An. gambiae density in houses in both sample periods. More than 90% of anopheline adults were found in the houses within 300 meters from the nearest larval habitats. Anopheline mosquito density was not correlated to the density of @entity1 or @entity0 , or the distance to cowsheds from houses. These results suggest that livestock and @entity0 host availability affect the relative abundance of An. gambiae larvae in aquatic habitats, but the distribution of anopheline adults in houses is determined by the distance from houses to larval habitats.

title: Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African XXXX vectors in western Kenya.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The short and long-term effects of postoperative @entity8 ( @entity8 ) on body composition were studied in a randomised series of @entity0 undergoing major colorectal surgery. Ninety-two @entity0 ( @entity2 : 50, @entity5 or @entity4 : 42) were grouped according to diagnosis and clinical inflammatory activity. @entity8 was given for 9.7 +/- 1.1 days. The complication rate was not changed by the @entity8 . @entity7 balance was studied during the first week. Body weight, total body @entity6 , triceps skinfold, serum albumin and body water were measured before and at intervals up to 24 weeks after the operation. Cumulative @entity7 balance in control @entity0 at 7 days after surgery was -47.3 g. @entity0 given @entity8 balanced @entity7 intake and output ( @entity1 @entity0 and @entity0 with quiescent @entity3 , @entity9 ) or were in positive balance ( @entity0 with active @entity9 ). Weight loss at 1 week after surgery was less in @entity8 @entity0 compared to controls and this difference remained statistically significant up to 6 months after termination of the nutritional treatment. A similar, although not statistically significant, difference was noted in total body @entity6 and triceps skinfold. @entity0 with active @entity9 regained pre-operative body composition earlier than @entity1 @entity0 and @entity0 with quiescent @entity9 . It is concluded that @entity8 after major colorectal surgery reduces postoperative weight loss and that this effect lasts after termination of the nutritional treatment. In the absence of increased body @entity6 and increased body water, we conclude that the long-term effect of @entity8 on body weight is most likely due to preservation of fat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The immediate and long-term effects of postoperative XXXX on body composition.

answer: @entity8


abstract: 1. Morphologically developmental properties of fetal @entity0 cortical neurons in the chemically defined serum- and antioxidant-free culture condition were observed. Also, cellular composition in cultures was identified by immunostaining with anti-NSE and anti- @entity4 . 2. Various cell densities ranging from 1 x 10(3) to 1 x 10(6) cells/cm2 were prepared to further assess the effect of cell density on time-course of neuronal survival by counting the number of remaining attached neurons after 3 and 7 days in culture. 3. Neuronal responses to neurotrophic effect of NGF on neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective effect of @entity3 against @entity2 -induced excitotoxity were evaluated by image analysis and @entity1 assay, respectively. 4. Results showed that this culture system was neuronal-enriched with a neuronal lifetime more than 35 days. Neurons survived best when seeded at a density > or =1.5 x 10(5) cells/cm2. Cultured neurons were capable of exhibiting sensitive responses to the effects of NGF and @entity3 . 5. These findings suggest that this primary culture system provides a sensitive and powerful in vitro model for pharmacological screen and studies of neurotrophic and neuroprotective agents.

title: A serum- and antioxidant-free primary culture model of XXXX cortical neurons for pharmacological screen and studies of neurotrophic and neuroprotective agents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Changes in intracellular @entity2 -concentration play an important role in the excitation-contraction-relaxation cycle of skeletal muscle. In this review we describe various inheritable @entity1 to highlight the role of @entity2 -regulatory mechanisms. Upon excitation the @entity12 receptor releases @entity2 in the cytosol. During and after contraction the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity2 ATPase (SERCA) pumps @entity2 back in the SR resulting in relaxation. An abnormal change in the intracellular @entity2 -concentration results in @entity1 and/or relaxation, which is the cause of various @entity1 . @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) are both caused by mutations in the @entity12 receptor but show different clinical phenotypes. In @entity5 an acute increase of @entity2 results in excessive @entity9 causing @entity7 , while in @entity14 a chronic rise of cytosolic @entity2 is seen, leading to @entity8 , disorganization of myofibrils and @entity3 . In @entity13 and also in @entity10 , SERCA functions sub optimal causing a prolonged physiological @entity2 -elevation leading to slowing of relaxation. Defective actin- @entity11 interactions, as in nemaline @entity1 and also in @entity10 due to @entity6 -shortage, cause @entity2 -hyposensitivity and slowness of contraction. Information of @entity2 -kinetics in these @entity0 improves our understanding of the role of @entity4 in the physiology and pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle cell.

title: @entity4 regulation and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Changes in intracellular @entity2 -concentration play an important role in the excitation-contraction-relaxation cycle of skeletal muscle. In this review we describe various inheritable @entity1 to highlight the role of @entity2 -regulatory mechanisms. Upon excitation the @entity12 receptor releases @entity2 in the cytosol. During and after contraction the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity2 ATPase (SERCA) pumps @entity2 back in the SR resulting in relaxation. An abnormal change in the intracellular @entity2 -concentration results in @entity1 and/or relaxation, which is the cause of various @entity1 . @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) are both caused by mutations in the @entity12 receptor but show different clinical phenotypes. In @entity5 an acute increase of @entity2 results in excessive @entity9 causing @entity7 , while in @entity14 a chronic rise of cytosolic @entity2 is seen, leading to @entity8 , disorganization of myofibrils and @entity3 . In @entity13 and also in @entity10 , SERCA functions sub optimal causing a prolonged physiological @entity2 -elevation leading to slowing of relaxation. Defective actin- @entity11 interactions, as in nemaline @entity1 and also in @entity10 due to @entity6 -shortage, cause @entity2 -hyposensitivity and slowness of contraction. Information of @entity2 -kinetics in these @entity0 improves our understanding of the role of @entity4 in the physiology and pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle cell.

title: XXXX regulation and @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity7 testing represents an alternative to exercise stress testing for documentation of @entity1 related to @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In such a case, @entity1 is attributed to maldistribution of coronary flow during @entity7 -induced vasodilation. The present study evaluated the potential role of @entity7 testing in producing @entity1 through a vasospastic mechanism, following rapid @entity4 induced by @entity5 . The possibility was tested in 36 in-hospital @entity0 with variant @entity3 who underwent @entity7 infusion (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes) with continuous 12-lead electrocardiographic and 2-dimensional echo monitoring. Medications were withdrawn from all @entity0 . The test was pharmacologically stopped with the @entity7 antidote ( @entity5 , 80 to 240 mg intravenously over 1 to 3 minutes) in all @entity0 . Two to 6 minutes after starting @entity5 infusion, 10 @entity0 (28%) developed (greater than 0.10 mV) ST-segment elevation (2.9 +/- 0.8 mm from baseline), always accompanied by obvious asynergy detected by echocardiography, in the same electrocardiographic leads showing spontaneous or @entity6 -induced ST-segment elevation. Nitrates promptly resolved @entity1 in all @entity0 . At coronary angiography, 5 of these 10 @entity0 showed significant @entity2 (greater than 70% lumen diameter reduction of at least 1 major coronary artery), whereas 5 had nonsignificant @entity2 . The rate pressure product at the onset of ST-segment elevation (after @entity7 plus @entity5 ) was considerably less than that recorded at peak exercise stress test in these @entity0 (9,600 +/- 2,200 vs 18,400 +/- 4,900, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity5 termination of XXXX stress as a trigger of coronary vasospasm in variant angina.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 testing represents an alternative to exercise stress testing for documentation of @entity1 related to @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In such a case, @entity1 is attributed to maldistribution of coronary flow during @entity7 -induced vasodilation. The present study evaluated the potential role of @entity7 testing in producing @entity1 through a vasospastic mechanism, following rapid @entity4 induced by @entity5 . The possibility was tested in 36 in-hospital @entity0 with variant @entity3 who underwent @entity7 infusion (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes) with continuous 12-lead electrocardiographic and 2-dimensional echo monitoring. Medications were withdrawn from all @entity0 . The test was pharmacologically stopped with the @entity7 antidote ( @entity5 , 80 to 240 mg intravenously over 1 to 3 minutes) in all @entity0 . Two to 6 minutes after starting @entity5 infusion, 10 @entity0 (28%) developed (greater than 0.10 mV) ST-segment elevation (2.9 +/- 0.8 mm from baseline), always accompanied by obvious asynergy detected by echocardiography, in the same electrocardiographic leads showing spontaneous or @entity6 -induced ST-segment elevation. Nitrates promptly resolved @entity1 in all @entity0 . At coronary angiography, 5 of these 10 @entity0 showed significant @entity2 (greater than 70% lumen diameter reduction of at least 1 major coronary artery), whereas 5 had nonsignificant @entity2 . The rate pressure product at the onset of ST-segment elevation (after @entity7 plus @entity5 ) was considerably less than that recorded at peak exercise stress test in these @entity0 (9,600 +/- 2,200 vs 18,400 +/- 4,900, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX termination of @entity7 stress as a trigger of coronary vasospasm in variant angina.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The effect of catheter ablation of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and implantation of a rate-adaptive pacemaker on quality of life and exercise capacity was evaluated prospectively in 12 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). All @entity0 had been demonstrated to have paroxysmal @entity2 that was refractory to medical therapy over a long period of time (mean 9 +/- 7 years). @entity0 performed a symptom-limited treadmill exercise test on the day before catheter ablation and 6 weeks after hospital discharge. Quality of life was measured using the physical dimension of the McMaster Health Index Questionnaire and the Psychological General Well-Being Index before and 6 weeks after ablation. There were no serious complications related to catheter ablation or permanent pacemaker implantation. All @entity0 remain in complete @entity1 with a completely paced rhythm at a mean follow-up of 8 +/- 2 months. The McMaster Health Index scores increased from a mean of 0.69 +/- 0.20 before to 0.92 +/- 0.14 after ablation (p = 0.002). The mean Psychological General Well-Being score improved from 59.8 +/- 14.8 at baseline to 84.9 +/- 13.6 6 weeks after discharge (p = 0.001). Treadmill exercise duration increased from 6.4 +/- 4.6 to 9.9 +/- 2.6 minutes (p = 0.03) and correlated strongly with changes in functional capacity measured with the McMaster Health Index (r = 0.70, p = 0.03). These results suggest that catheter ablation of the @entity1 junction and implantation of a rate-adaptive pace-maker significantly improve the quality of life and exercise capacity of @entity0 with paroxysmal @entity2 refractory to medical therapy.

title: Effect of catheter ablation of the @entity1 on quality of life and exercise tolerance in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effect of catheter ablation of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and implantation of a rate-adaptive pacemaker on quality of life and exercise capacity was evaluated prospectively in 12 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). All @entity0 had been demonstrated to have paroxysmal @entity2 that was refractory to medical therapy over a long period of time (mean 9 +/- 7 years). @entity0 performed a symptom-limited treadmill exercise test on the day before catheter ablation and 6 weeks after hospital discharge. Quality of life was measured using the physical dimension of the McMaster Health Index Questionnaire and the Psychological General Well-Being Index before and 6 weeks after ablation. There were no serious complications related to catheter ablation or permanent pacemaker implantation. All @entity0 remain in complete @entity1 with a completely paced rhythm at a mean follow-up of 8 +/- 2 months. The McMaster Health Index scores increased from a mean of 0.69 +/- 0.20 before to 0.92 +/- 0.14 after ablation (p = 0.002). The mean Psychological General Well-Being score improved from 59.8 +/- 14.8 at baseline to 84.9 +/- 13.6 6 weeks after discharge (p = 0.001). Treadmill exercise duration increased from 6.4 +/- 4.6 to 9.9 +/- 2.6 minutes (p = 0.03) and correlated strongly with changes in functional capacity measured with the McMaster Health Index (r = 0.70, p = 0.03). These results suggest that catheter ablation of the @entity1 junction and implantation of a rate-adaptive pace-maker significantly improve the quality of life and exercise capacity of @entity0 with paroxysmal @entity2 refractory to medical therapy.

title: Effect of catheter ablation of the XXXX on quality of life and exercise tolerance in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Postterm antenatal fetal surveillance has traditionally begun at 42 completed weeks of gestation. However, recent data have shown that a significant percentage of cases of perinatal @entity3 occurs between 40 and 42 weeks of gestation. We compared the perinatal outcome of fetuses with antenatal surveillance beginning at 41 weeks to those @entity2 at 42 weeks of gestation. The study groups consisted of 908 @entity0 who began antenatal testing at 41 weeks and 352 who began testing at 42 weeks. Antenatal testing consisted of twice-weekly amniotic fluid assessments and nonstress tests (including evaluation for late and variable decelerations). Between 41 and 42 weeks, the group whose testing started at 41 weeks had an overall incidence of intrapartum @entity1 of 2.7%, no @entity4 , and no @entity0 with major neonatal morbidity. @entity0 without antenatal testing who delivered between 41 to 42 weeks did not have a significantly increased incidence of @entity1 (3.3%; p = 0.07). However, this group had a significantly increased incidence of adverse outcomes (p less than 0.05), including three @entity4 and seven cases of major neonatal morbidity. Beyond 42 weeks, the group whose testing started at 41 weeks had a 2.3% overall incidence of @entity1 . This was significantly less (p less than 0.01) than the group whose testing started at 42 weeks (5.6%). Neither of the groups had any @entity4 or @entity0 with major neonatal morbidity. These findings suggest that @entity2 antenatal testing at 41 weeks of gestation may result in decreased postterm perinatal mortality and morbidity as well as a decreased incidence of intrapartum @entity1 .

title: The efficacy of XXXX postterm antenatal testing at 41 weeks as compared with 42 weeks of gestational age.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies have reported that heterogeneous mechanisms exist in early @entity1 formation in @entity3 , and cytotoxic @entity1 plays an important role within 48 hours post- @entity2 . It is remains unclear, when @entity1 begins to develop following injury. In order to determine the time course of @entity1 development, diffusion imaging and ADC (apparent diffusion co-efficient) mapping was performed in 10 @entity0 within 24 hours post- @entity2 with @entity3 . METHODS: Diffusion imaging and ADC mapping were performed employing 1.0 T echo planar MRI. ADC values were indicated as a ration relative to the values of intact brain areas. RESULTS: Within 3 hours post- @entity2 , diffusion MRI showed no remarkable changes, and the ADC values were within normal limit (ADC ratio (=contused/normal brain) = 1.00 +/- 0.21, (mean +/- SD)). At 6 hours post- @entity2 , diffusion images demonstrated a low intensity core in the contusion proper and a high intensity rim in the peripheral area of contusion. The ADC value increased in the contusion proper (ADC ratio = 1.26 +/- 0.13) and decreased in the peripheral area (ADC ratio = 0.58 +/- 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that early cellular swelling in the peripheral area of contusion begins within 6 hours following injury. This delayed occurrence of contusion-induced cellular swelling suggests that the CBF does not decrease to ischemic level immediately following injury.

title: Ultra-early study of @entity1 formation in XXXX using diffusion MRI and ADC mapping.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies have reported that heterogeneous mechanisms exist in early @entity1 formation in @entity3 , and cytotoxic @entity1 plays an important role within 48 hours post- @entity2 . It is remains unclear, when @entity1 begins to develop following injury. In order to determine the time course of @entity1 development, diffusion imaging and ADC (apparent diffusion co-efficient) mapping was performed in 10 @entity0 within 24 hours post- @entity2 with @entity3 . METHODS: Diffusion imaging and ADC mapping were performed employing 1.0 T echo planar MRI. ADC values were indicated as a ration relative to the values of intact brain areas. RESULTS: Within 3 hours post- @entity2 , diffusion MRI showed no remarkable changes, and the ADC values were within normal limit (ADC ratio (=contused/normal brain) = 1.00 +/- 0.21, (mean +/- SD)). At 6 hours post- @entity2 , diffusion images demonstrated a low intensity core in the contusion proper and a high intensity rim in the peripheral area of contusion. The ADC value increased in the contusion proper (ADC ratio = 1.26 +/- 0.13) and decreased in the peripheral area (ADC ratio = 0.58 +/- 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that early cellular swelling in the peripheral area of contusion begins within 6 hours following injury. This delayed occurrence of contusion-induced cellular swelling suggests that the CBF does not decrease to ischemic level immediately following injury.

title: Ultra-early study of XXXX formation in @entity3 using diffusion MRI and ADC mapping.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The role of oxidative stress in the regulation of the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in @entity0 leukocytes is unclear. In this study, we investigated the redox factors in plasma that may contribute to the alteration of mtDNA copy number in @entity0 leukocytes. A total of 156 healthy subjects of 25-80 years of age who exhibited no significant difference in the distribution of subpopulations of leukocytes in blood were recruited. Small-molecular-weight antioxidants and @entity5 reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and 4,977bp deletion of mtDNA in leukocytes were determined. The mtDNA copy number in leukocytes was determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that the copy number of mtDNA in leukocytes was changed with age in a biphasic manner that fits in a positively quadratic regression model (P = 0.001). @entity1 (P = 0.005), non-protein @entity2 (P = 0.001) and ferritin (P = 0.004) in plasma and total @entity4 in erythrocytes (P = 0.046) were the significant redox factors that correlated with the mtDNA copy number in leukocytes in a positive manner. By contrast, @entity3 levels in plasma (P = 0.001) and erythrocytes (P = 0.033) were negatively correlated with the mtDNA copy number in leukocytes. Three oxidative indices including the incidence of 4,977 bp deletion of mtDNA (P = 0.016) and @entity6 content in leukocytes (P = 0.003) and TBARS in plasma (P = 0.001) were all positively correlated with the copy number of mtDNA in leukocytes. Taken these findings together, we suggest that the copy number of mtDNA in leukocytes is affected by oxidative stress in blood circulation elicited by the alteration of plasma antioxidants/prooxidants and oxidative damage to DNA.

title: Oxidative stress-related alteration of the copy number of mitochondrial DNA in XXXX leukocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: During a ten year interval, four @entity0 with extensive @entity3 from @entity5 were treated in a city of 750,000 @entity0 . @entity0 ages ranged from 54 to 66 years. All of the @entity0 presented with bright red @entity3 . Bleeding scans demonstrated a source of @entity1 high in the small intestine in two @entity0 who had @entity5 at exploratory laparotomy. In another @entity0 , the results of preoperative evaluation did not reveal the site of @entity3 . Jejunal @entity5 were found at exploratory laparotomy. These three @entity0 underwent jejunal resection and have since remained free of @entity2 . In the fourth @entity0 , mesenteric arteriography revealed extravasation from a jejunal diverticulum. After angiography, the @entity0 experienced no further @entity3 , and surgical treatment was not performed. This @entity0 remained asymptomatic and died of @entity4 five years later. The successful nonoperative management of this @entity0 belies the high reported incidence of recurrent @entity3 associated with @entity5 . Thus, @entity0 with @entity3 who are found to have @entity5 should undergo removal of the involved jejunum, even if preoperative evaluation results implicate another source. The results of this study suggest that @entity5 are a more frequent cause of extensive @entity3 than heretofore appreciated, particularly in the elderly.

title: Massive XXXX from @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: During a ten year interval, four @entity0 with extensive @entity3 from @entity5 were treated in a city of 750,000 @entity0 . @entity0 ages ranged from 54 to 66 years. All of the @entity0 presented with bright red @entity3 . Bleeding scans demonstrated a source of @entity1 high in the small intestine in two @entity0 who had @entity5 at exploratory laparotomy. In another @entity0 , the results of preoperative evaluation did not reveal the site of @entity3 . Jejunal @entity5 were found at exploratory laparotomy. These three @entity0 underwent jejunal resection and have since remained free of @entity2 . In the fourth @entity0 , mesenteric arteriography revealed extravasation from a jejunal diverticulum. After angiography, the @entity0 experienced no further @entity3 , and surgical treatment was not performed. This @entity0 remained asymptomatic and died of @entity4 five years later. The successful nonoperative management of this @entity0 belies the high reported incidence of recurrent @entity3 associated with @entity5 . Thus, @entity0 with @entity3 who are found to have @entity5 should undergo removal of the involved jejunum, even if preoperative evaluation results implicate another source. The results of this study suggest that @entity5 are a more frequent cause of extensive @entity3 than heretofore appreciated, particularly in the elderly.

title: Massive @entity3 from XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9 ( @entity9 ), or @entity9 , is a @entity3 characterized by vision loss, @entity6 activity, @entity2 , and @entity4 . Discovery of the @entity9 -related gene, @entity12 , led to creation of a @entity12 protein-deficient @entity1 model ( @entity12 -/-), which recapitulates some of the histopathologic characteristics of the @entity0 condition. We hypothesized that lack of @entity12 would alter @entity6 -related behavioral parameters. METHODS: Using @entity10 gas inhalation, we examined @entity6 -induction latencies in @entity12 -/- @entity1 and wildtype (wt) controls at time points that represent late neonatal, immature, mature, and aged time points. We examined latency to first @entity7 (LMJ), latency to @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and subsequent mortality. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate an age-dependent alteration of @entity6 -induction latencies in @entity12 -/-. Immature @entity11 -/- @entity1 aged 35-42 days had an increased latency to both LMJ and @entity5 compared with age-matched wt controls. There were no significant latency differences between @entity12 -/- and wt at other time points examined. Mortality after generalized @entity6 was high in both @entity12 -/- and wt animals at late neonatal and immature developmental stages. No mortality was seen in wt @entity1 past @entity8 at 6 weeks. Mature and aged @entity12 -/- animals retained a vulnerability to death after @entity6 activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a deficiency of @entity12 protein in the Batten model @entity1 may result in age-dependent alteration of the neuroanatomic and biochemical substrates involved in @entity6 propagation and recovery. This may be important in understanding @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity4 in @entity0 @entity9 .

title: Altered @entity10 @entity6 induction latency, phenotype, and subsequent mortality in a @entity1 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9 ( @entity9 ), or @entity9 , is a @entity3 characterized by vision loss, @entity6 activity, @entity2 , and @entity4 . Discovery of the @entity9 -related gene, @entity12 , led to creation of a @entity12 protein-deficient @entity1 model ( @entity12 -/-), which recapitulates some of the histopathologic characteristics of the @entity0 condition. We hypothesized that lack of @entity12 would alter @entity6 -related behavioral parameters. METHODS: Using @entity10 gas inhalation, we examined @entity6 -induction latencies in @entity12 -/- @entity1 and wildtype (wt) controls at time points that represent late neonatal, immature, mature, and aged time points. We examined latency to first @entity7 (LMJ), latency to @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and subsequent mortality. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate an age-dependent alteration of @entity6 -induction latencies in @entity12 -/-. Immature @entity11 -/- @entity1 aged 35-42 days had an increased latency to both LMJ and @entity5 compared with age-matched wt controls. There were no significant latency differences between @entity12 -/- and wt at other time points examined. Mortality after generalized @entity6 was high in both @entity12 -/- and wt animals at late neonatal and immature developmental stages. No mortality was seen in wt @entity1 past @entity8 at 6 weeks. Mature and aged @entity12 -/- animals retained a vulnerability to death after @entity6 activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a deficiency of @entity12 protein in the Batten model @entity1 may result in age-dependent alteration of the neuroanatomic and biochemical substrates involved in @entity6 propagation and recovery. This may be important in understanding @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity4 in @entity0 @entity9 .

title: Altered XXXX @entity6 induction latency, phenotype, and subsequent mortality in a @entity1 model of @entity9 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9 ( @entity9 ), or @entity9 , is a @entity3 characterized by vision loss, @entity6 activity, @entity2 , and @entity4 . Discovery of the @entity9 -related gene, @entity12 , led to creation of a @entity12 protein-deficient @entity1 model ( @entity12 -/-), which recapitulates some of the histopathologic characteristics of the @entity0 condition. We hypothesized that lack of @entity12 would alter @entity6 -related behavioral parameters. METHODS: Using @entity10 gas inhalation, we examined @entity6 -induction latencies in @entity12 -/- @entity1 and wildtype (wt) controls at time points that represent late neonatal, immature, mature, and aged time points. We examined latency to first @entity7 (LMJ), latency to @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and subsequent mortality. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate an age-dependent alteration of @entity6 -induction latencies in @entity12 -/-. Immature @entity11 -/- @entity1 aged 35-42 days had an increased latency to both LMJ and @entity5 compared with age-matched wt controls. There were no significant latency differences between @entity12 -/- and wt at other time points examined. Mortality after generalized @entity6 was high in both @entity12 -/- and wt animals at late neonatal and immature developmental stages. No mortality was seen in wt @entity1 past @entity8 at 6 weeks. Mature and aged @entity12 -/- animals retained a vulnerability to death after @entity6 activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a deficiency of @entity12 protein in the Batten model @entity1 may result in age-dependent alteration of the neuroanatomic and biochemical substrates involved in @entity6 propagation and recovery. This may be important in understanding @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity4 in @entity0 @entity9 .

title: Altered @entity10 XXXX induction latency, phenotype, and subsequent mortality in a @entity1 model of @entity9 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9 ( @entity9 ), or @entity9 , is a @entity3 characterized by vision loss, @entity6 activity, @entity2 , and @entity4 . Discovery of the @entity9 -related gene, @entity12 , led to creation of a @entity12 protein-deficient @entity1 model ( @entity12 -/-), which recapitulates some of the histopathologic characteristics of the @entity0 condition. We hypothesized that lack of @entity12 would alter @entity6 -related behavioral parameters. METHODS: Using @entity10 gas inhalation, we examined @entity6 -induction latencies in @entity12 -/- @entity1 and wildtype (wt) controls at time points that represent late neonatal, immature, mature, and aged time points. We examined latency to first @entity7 (LMJ), latency to @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and subsequent mortality. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate an age-dependent alteration of @entity6 -induction latencies in @entity12 -/-. Immature @entity11 -/- @entity1 aged 35-42 days had an increased latency to both LMJ and @entity5 compared with age-matched wt controls. There were no significant latency differences between @entity12 -/- and wt at other time points examined. Mortality after generalized @entity6 was high in both @entity12 -/- and wt animals at late neonatal and immature developmental stages. No mortality was seen in wt @entity1 past @entity8 at 6 weeks. Mature and aged @entity12 -/- animals retained a vulnerability to death after @entity6 activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a deficiency of @entity12 protein in the Batten model @entity1 may result in age-dependent alteration of the neuroanatomic and biochemical substrates involved in @entity6 propagation and recovery. This may be important in understanding @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity4 in @entity0 @entity9 .

title: Altered @entity10 @entity6 induction latency, phenotype, and subsequent mortality in a XXXX model of @entity9 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine (a) the respondents' perceptions of 4 unclear or conflicting @entity1 screening guidelines: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for @entity0 over 50, mammography for @entity0 40-49, colorectal screening by fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), and colonoscopy for @entity0 over 40; and (b) the influence of various factors on the decision to order these tests. STUDY DESIGN: National Canadian mail survey of randomly selected family physicians. POPULATION: Family physicians in active practice (n=565) selected from rural and urban family medicine sites in 5 provinces representing the main regions in Canada. OUTCOME MEASURED: Agreement with guideline statements, and decision to order screening test in 6 clinical vignettes. RESULTS: Of 565 surveys mailed, 351 (62.1%) were returned. Most respondents agreed with the Canadian Task Force recommendations, and most believed that various guidelines for 3 of the 4 screens were conflicting (PSA 86.6%; mammography 67.5%; FOBT 62.4%). @entity0 @entity2 about @entity1 , @entity0 expectations of being tested, and a positive family history of @entity1 increased the odds that the 4 tests would be ordered. A good quality @entity0 -MD relationship decreased the odds of ordering a mammogram. Screening decisions were also significantly influenced by the respondents' beliefs about whether screening was recommended and whether screening could cause more harm than good. A physician's sensitivity to his or her colleagues' practice influenced screening decisions regarding PSA and mammography. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a conceptual framework for understanding the determinants of screening behavior when guidelines are unclear or conflicting.

title: What influences family physicians' XXXX screening decisions when practice guidelines are unclear or conflicting?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with a large number and variety of risk conditions during pregnancy. The number and types of risk conditions per pregnancy were determined in 1,864 white and 872 black mothers delivered at the University of Kansas Medical Center between 1975 and 1978. The incidence of LBW @entity0 increased steadily among white and black mothers as the number of risk factors increased from none to three or four per pregnancy. Among pregnancies without spontaneous @entity1 ( @entity1 ), 51 percent of the LBW @entity0 were born to mothers who had multiple risk factors associated with their pregnancies, even though only 18 percent of these pregnancies were associated with multiple risk factors. Among pregnancies with @entity1 , 72 percent were associated with multiple risk conditions, and 31 percent resulted in LBW @entity0 . About 90 percent of LBW @entity0 from @entity1 pregnancies had mothers with multiple risk factors. For all numbers of risk conditions, black mothers had a higher incidence of LBW @entity0 than white mothers. Among black mothers without spontaneous @entity1 ( @entity1 ), the incidence of LBW @entity0 increased from 3.2 percent (10/308) in low (zero)-risk condition pregnancies to 33 percent (16/49) among mothers with three or four risk conditions during the pregnancy. Among white mothers without @entity1 , the incidence of LBW @entity0 increased from 1.7 percent (12/708) in low (zero)-risk condition pregnancies to 30 percent (19/64) in pregnancies with three or four risk conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence of low birth weight XXXX born to mothers with multiple risk factors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of endoscopic clipping in the hemostasis of @entity1 esophageal varices and the eventual variceal eradication was compared with that of band ligation. METHODS: Forty @entity0 were enrolled in the study in a prospective manner, 19 of whom received endoscopic clipping (group I) and the remaining (n = 21 @entity0 ) received endoscopic band ligation (group II). All @entity0 in this study presented with @entity1 from esophageal varices. The @entity0 characteristics (age, sex, @entity0 -Pugh score, variceal grade) were comparable in the two groups. After initial hemostasis, the @entity0 were assigned one of the two forms of endoscopic therapy which was continued in the follow-up sessions until varices were eradicated. Early and late results were compared. RESULTS: Initial hemostasis was achieved in all @entity0 in group I but two @entity0 in group II required clip ligation for initial hemostasis because of the failure in band ligation. Those two were treated with band ligation in the follow-up sessions. A total of 224 clips in 53 treatment sessions and 296 bands in 82 treatment sessions were placed in group I and group II, respectively. The rates of complete variceal eradication were 89% and 76% in group I and group II, respectively (p > 0.05). The median number of required treatment sessions for complete eradication of the varices was significantly lower in group I than group II (3 versus 4, p = 0.013). Three @entity0 from group I (15%) and seven @entity0 from group II (33%) were readmitted for variceal @entity1 during the follow-up period (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: With the advantages of high initial hemostasis rate, decreased risk of rebleeding, and fewer treatment sessions needed for variceal eradication, endoscopic clipping is as effective as band ligation, or perhaps more effective in the treatment of @entity1 esophageal varices.

title: Endoscopic clipping versus band ligation in the management of XXXX esophageal varices.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this survey was to identify factors associated with good sexual outcomes in a large group of survivors of @entity1 . METHODS: A postal survey was sent to 2636 @entity0 in the Cleveland Clinic Foundation's @entity1 Registry who either were treated with definitive radiotherapy or underwent prostatectomy for @entity1 . The survey asked about demographic items, past and current sexual functioning, partner's sexual function and health, and a number of factors hypothesized to affect sexual satisfaction. Standardized questionnaires included the Sexual Self-Schema Scale-Male Version, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), urinary and bowel symptom scales from the Los Angeles @entity1 Index, and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS: The return rate was 49%, yielding a sample of 1236 @entity0 at an average of 4.3 years post-treatment. Comparing responders with nonresponders suggested that the sample may have been somewhat biased toward @entity0 who were more interested in maintaining sexual function. At the time they were diagnosed with @entity1 , 36% of @entity0 had @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Within the past 6 months, however, 85% of @entity0 reported having @entity2 . Only 13% of @entity0 were having reliable, firm erections spontaneously, and another 8% of @entity0 were having erections with the aid of a medical treatment. @entity0 were as distressed about @entity3 and trouble having satisfying orgasms as they were about @entity2 . Of the 84% of @entity0 who reported having a current sexual partner, 66% indicated that she had a @entity3 . Younger age was associated strongly with better sexual outcome (global IIEF score). With demographic factors taken into account, better sexual outcome was related significantly to medical factors, including not having neoadjuvant or current antiandrogen therapy, undergoing bilateral nerve-sparing prostatectomy or brachytherapy, and having better mental and physical health composite scores on the SF-36. Sexual factors that were associated with a better outcome included having normal erections before treatment for @entity1 , choosing a treatment based on the hope that it would preserve sexual function, having more sexual partners in the past year, and having a sexually functional partner. CONCLUSIONS: The great majority of @entity0 who survive @entity1 do not achieve a return to functional sexual activity in the years after treatment. The priorities a @entity0 places on sexuality and on having a sexually functional partner are important factors in sexual satisfaction at follow-up, over and above the influence of age and medical factors.

title: Defining sexual outcomes after treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Neuronal subpopulations of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in the @entity2 exhibit carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. To determine whether CA activity is expressed by DRG cells maintained in in vitro cultures, dissociated DRG cells from 10-day-old @entity2 embryos were cultured on a collagen substrate. The influence exerted by environmental factors on the enzyme expression was tested under various conditions of culture. Neuron-enriched cell cultures and mixed DRG-cell cultures (including numerous non-neuronal cells) were performed either in a defined medium or in a horse serum-supplemented medium. In all the tested conditions, subpopulations of cultured sensory neurons expressed CA activity in their cell bodies, while their neurites were rarely stained; in each case, the percentage of @entity1 with the age of the cultures. The number and the persistence of neurons possessing CA activity as well as the intensity of the reaction were enhanced by addition of horse serum. In contrast, the expression of the neuronal CA activity was not affected by the presence of non-neuronal cells or by the rise of @entity0 concentration. Thus, the appearance and disappearance of neuronal subpopulations expressing CA activity may be decisively influenced by factors contained in the horse serum. The loss of @entity1 with time could result from a cell selection or from genetic repression. Analysis of the time curves does not support a preferential cell death of @entity1 but suggests that the eventual conversion of @entity1 into CA-negative neurons results from a loss of the enzyme activity. These results indicate that the phenotypic expression of cultured sensory neurons is dependent on defined environmental factors.

title: Carbonic anhydrase activity in primary sensory neurons. II. Influence of environmental factors on the phenotypic expression of the enzyme in dissociated cultures of XXXX dorsal root ganglion cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Spontaneous mechanical activity of 36 segments from the ampullar part of @entity0 @entity2 was studied in vitro. The age of the @entity0 varied between 37-64 years. Outer diameter and axial tension were continuously measured at an intraluminal pressure of 5 mmHg (0.67 kPa) and at 10% axial extension. All segments have shown periodic contractions both in diameter and axial tension. The amplitude of the outer diameter contractions was 0.03-0.64 mm, the frequencies were between 1.5 and 7.3 @entity1 . The amplitude of the axial tension contractions was 1.87-33.2 mN, the frequencies varied between 1.8 and 7.6 @entity1 . The diameter and axial tension contractions were mostly synchronized. The frequency of the basal rhythm increased with age. Increase of the intraluminal pressure up to 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa) significantly increased the diameter and decreased the amplitude of diameter contractions. Increase in the axial length significantly decreased the outer diameter and the amplitude of diameter contractions; it also increased axial tension, and caused a transitory increase in frequency.

title: Spontaneous periodic contraction of the ampullar segment of the XXXX fallopian tube in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The issue of cardiovascular safety of @entity2 channel blockers (CCBs) has been widely debated in view of reflex increase in sympathetic activity induced by immediate release (IR) / short acting formulations. It is generally agreed that such CCBs should not be used alone in the management of @entity1 . AIMS: We have determined the extent to which primary care physicians prescribe CCBs as monotherapy, especially the immediate release formulations, in the management of uncomplicated @entity1 and @entity1 - with an emphasis upon the age of the @entity0 . SETTING, DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective prescription-based study was carried out in seven out of 18 Health Centres in Bahrain. The study involved a registered population of 229,300 representing 46% of registered individuals, and 35 physicians representing 43% of all primary care physicians. The data was collected between November 1998 and January 1999 using chronic dispensing cards. RESULTS: In all categories CCBs were the third commonly prescribed antihypertensive as monotherapy, with a prescription rate of 11.1% in uncomplicated @entity1 , 18% in @entity1 and 20.1% in elderly @entity0 above 65 years of age. @entity3 formulations were the most extensively prescribed CCBs. Almost half of the CCB-treated @entity0 were on IR- @entity3 , whereas IR-diltiazem and IR- @entity4 , and @entity5 were infrequently prescribed. CONCLUSION: Prescription of IR-formulations of CCBs as monotherapy by primary care physicians does not conform with recommended guidelines. In view of concerns about the safety of such practice, measures to change the prescribing pattern are required.

title: Extent of use of immediate-release formulations of XXXX channel blockers as antihypertensive monotherapy by primary care physicians: multicentric study from Bahrain.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 has been associated with high mortality rates in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). To better define prognosis in this population, the clinical course of 183 diabetics with @entity6 was studied. In-hospital mortality for all @entity0 was 28% (52 of 183 @entity0 ). Mortality was significantly higher in @entity0 with prior @entity6 than in @entity0 without prior @entity6 (41 vs 18%, p less than 0.01) and was significantly higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 (37 vs 19%, p less than 0.01). The 2-fold increase in mortality among @entity1 @entity0 was observed both in @entity0 with and without prior @entity6 . The excess mortality among @entity1 @entity0 was attributable to their increased risk for severe @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity9 . @entity5 due to @entity7 occurred in 22% of all @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 compared with 6% of the @entity1 @entity0 (p less than 0.01). @entity5 resulting from complications other than @entity7 was similar for both sexes. There were no male-female differences in the history of prior @entity6 , systemic @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity2 , frequency of Q-wave @entity6 , anterior @entity6 or peak @entity8 kinase levels to account for the high risk for @entity7 in @entity1 @entity0 . It is therefore concluded that @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 are at increased risk for @entity5 due to @entity7 , and that this risk is not readily attributable to known conditions associated with @entity7 .

title: Acute @entity6 in @entity1 and significance of XXXX as a prognostic factor.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity1 has been associated with high mortality rates in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). To better define prognosis in this population, the clinical course of 183 diabetics with @entity6 was studied. In-hospital mortality for all @entity0 was 28% (52 of 183 @entity0 ). Mortality was significantly higher in @entity0 with prior @entity6 than in @entity0 without prior @entity6 (41 vs 18%, p less than 0.01) and was significantly higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 (37 vs 19%, p less than 0.01). The 2-fold increase in mortality among @entity1 @entity0 was observed both in @entity0 with and without prior @entity6 . The excess mortality among @entity1 @entity0 was attributable to their increased risk for severe @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity9 . @entity5 due to @entity7 occurred in 22% of all @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 compared with 6% of the @entity1 @entity0 (p less than 0.01). @entity5 resulting from complications other than @entity7 was similar for both sexes. There were no male-female differences in the history of prior @entity6 , systemic @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity2 , frequency of Q-wave @entity6 , anterior @entity6 or peak @entity8 kinase levels to account for the high risk for @entity7 in @entity1 @entity0 . It is therefore concluded that @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 are at increased risk for @entity5 due to @entity7 , and that this risk is not readily attributable to known conditions associated with @entity7 .

title: Acute @entity6 in XXXX and significance of @entity7 as a prognostic factor.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 has been associated with high mortality rates in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). To better define prognosis in this population, the clinical course of 183 diabetics with @entity6 was studied. In-hospital mortality for all @entity0 was 28% (52 of 183 @entity0 ). Mortality was significantly higher in @entity0 with prior @entity6 than in @entity0 without prior @entity6 (41 vs 18%, p less than 0.01) and was significantly higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 (37 vs 19%, p less than 0.01). The 2-fold increase in mortality among @entity1 @entity0 was observed both in @entity0 with and without prior @entity6 . The excess mortality among @entity1 @entity0 was attributable to their increased risk for severe @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity9 . @entity5 due to @entity7 occurred in 22% of all @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 compared with 6% of the @entity1 @entity0 (p less than 0.01). @entity5 resulting from complications other than @entity7 was similar for both sexes. There were no male-female differences in the history of prior @entity6 , systemic @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity2 , frequency of Q-wave @entity6 , anterior @entity6 or peak @entity8 kinase levels to account for the high risk for @entity7 in @entity1 @entity0 . It is therefore concluded that @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 are at increased risk for @entity5 due to @entity7 , and that this risk is not readily attributable to known conditions associated with @entity7 .

title: Acute XXXX in @entity1 and significance of @entity7 as a prognostic factor.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary small-bowel @entity6 is uncommon. There are few large studies that have evaluated the prognostic impact of clinical and pathologic parameters. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the Cleveland Clinic experience with small-bowel @entity6 , with emphasis on histopathologic parameters as prognostic indicators. METHODS: Thirty-seven cases of @entity6 resected at the Cleveland Clinic between 1978 and 1999 were retrospectively studied. @entity1 and those arising from the biliary system were excluded from analysis. Clinical and pathologic data were recorded and their impact on prognosis was evaluated by either Kaplan-Meier or Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: The cohort included 25 males, and the age range was 24 to 82 (mean, 56) years. @entity2 location was duodenum (18), jejunum (10), ileum (2), and site not specified (7). @entity0 most frequently presented with @entity7 (48 percent), @entity5 (39 percent) and @entity9 (33 percent). Underlying conditions included @entity4 (4) and @entity8 (2). Overall survival was 52 and 47 percent at 5 and 10 years, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 50.5 (range, 0.5-184) months for all @entity0 . Features found to be negative prognostic factors for survival were positive surgical margins (P < 0.001), extramural venous spread (P < 0.001), lymph node @entity1 (P = 0.038), poor @entity2 differentiation (P = 0.015), depth of @entity2 invasion (P = 0.023), and history of @entity4 (P < 0.001). Age, gender, @entity2 size, growth pattern, lymphocytic host response, and adjuvant therapy did not affect survival. CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic features, including positive surgical margins, extramural venous spread, positive lymph nodes, poor @entity2 differentiation, depth of @entity2 invasion, and history of @entity4 , are of major prognostic significance in small-bowel @entity6 . Although many of these prognostic features are similar to the ones used for @entity3 , they are easily applicable and reproducible for small-bowel @entity6 . This is important considering the often dismal prognosis of small-bowel @entity6 .

title: XXXX : a study of 37 cases with emphasis on histologic prognostic factors.

answer: @entity6