abstract: The role of Th2 cytokines and Th2-associated chemokines in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) remains controversial, though in Mexico a polymorphism causing increased production of @entity5 is a risk factor. We studied levels of the Th2-associated chemokines @entity5 and @entity7 , circulating soluble @entity6 receptors (sIL-4R), @entity6 and the inhibitory splice variant of @entity6 ( @entity6  2) in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity3 and their healthy contacts. These were followed for 2 years during which time 10 contacts developed @entity3 . Results were compared with measurements made in @entity2 , and in disease controls with @entity4 that have large Th2 components. In these disease controls both chemokines were significantly raised. They were also very significantly raised in all forms of @entity1 , irrespective of age or disease site. Levels of @entity7 were raised least in @entity2 , and most in pulmonary @entity0 with long histories, when levels were similar to those in disease controls. Levels of @entity5 , although also raised in all three forms of @entity1 , were negatively correlated with @entity7 . We found that levels of sIL-4R were strikingly reduced in all forms of @entity1 , particularly meningeal. Contacts who progressed could not be distinguished from contacts who remained healthy at 2 years in terms of @entity6 , sIL-4R, @entity5 or @entity7 . However contacts had raised expression of @entity6  2 as previously found. These results indicate vigorous and previously unrecorded activity within the Th2 axis, and further investigation is warranted.

title: @entity5 , XXXX and sIL-4R in renal, meningeal and @entity3 ; a 2 year study of @entity0 and contacts.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The role of Th2 cytokines and Th2-associated chemokines in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) remains controversial, though in Mexico a polymorphism causing increased production of @entity5 is a risk factor. We studied levels of the Th2-associated chemokines @entity5 and @entity7 , circulating soluble @entity6 receptors (sIL-4R), @entity6 and the inhibitory splice variant of @entity6 ( @entity6  2) in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity3 and their healthy contacts. These were followed for 2 years during which time 10 contacts developed @entity3 . Results were compared with measurements made in @entity2 , and in disease controls with @entity4 that have large Th2 components. In these disease controls both chemokines were significantly raised. They were also very significantly raised in all forms of @entity1 , irrespective of age or disease site. Levels of @entity7 were raised least in @entity2 , and most in pulmonary @entity0 with long histories, when levels were similar to those in disease controls. Levels of @entity5 , although also raised in all three forms of @entity1 , were negatively correlated with @entity7 . We found that levels of sIL-4R were strikingly reduced in all forms of @entity1 , particularly meningeal. Contacts who progressed could not be distinguished from contacts who remained healthy at 2 years in terms of @entity6 , sIL-4R, @entity5 or @entity7 . However contacts had raised expression of @entity6  2 as previously found. These results indicate vigorous and previously unrecorded activity within the Th2 axis, and further investigation is warranted.

title: XXXX , @entity7 and sIL-4R in renal, meningeal and @entity3 ; a 2 year study of @entity0 and contacts.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The role of Th2 cytokines and Th2-associated chemokines in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) remains controversial, though in Mexico a polymorphism causing increased production of @entity5 is a risk factor. We studied levels of the Th2-associated chemokines @entity5 and @entity7 , circulating soluble @entity6 receptors (sIL-4R), @entity6 and the inhibitory splice variant of @entity6 ( @entity6  2) in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity3 and their healthy contacts. These were followed for 2 years during which time 10 contacts developed @entity3 . Results were compared with measurements made in @entity2 , and in disease controls with @entity4 that have large Th2 components. In these disease controls both chemokines were significantly raised. They were also very significantly raised in all forms of @entity1 , irrespective of age or disease site. Levels of @entity7 were raised least in @entity2 , and most in pulmonary @entity0 with long histories, when levels were similar to those in disease controls. Levels of @entity5 , although also raised in all three forms of @entity1 , were negatively correlated with @entity7 . We found that levels of sIL-4R were strikingly reduced in all forms of @entity1 , particularly meningeal. Contacts who progressed could not be distinguished from contacts who remained healthy at 2 years in terms of @entity6 , sIL-4R, @entity5 or @entity7 . However contacts had raised expression of @entity6  2 as previously found. These results indicate vigorous and previously unrecorded activity within the Th2 axis, and further investigation is warranted.

title: @entity5 , @entity7 and sIL-4R in renal, meningeal and XXXX ; a 2 year study of @entity0 and contacts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of Th2 cytokines and Th2-associated chemokines in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) remains controversial, though in Mexico a polymorphism causing increased production of @entity5 is a risk factor. We studied levels of the Th2-associated chemokines @entity5 and @entity7 , circulating soluble @entity6 receptors (sIL-4R), @entity6 and the inhibitory splice variant of @entity6 ( @entity6  2) in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity3 and their healthy contacts. These were followed for 2 years during which time 10 contacts developed @entity3 . Results were compared with measurements made in @entity2 , and in disease controls with @entity4 that have large Th2 components. In these disease controls both chemokines were significantly raised. They were also very significantly raised in all forms of @entity1 , irrespective of age or disease site. Levels of @entity7 were raised least in @entity2 , and most in pulmonary @entity0 with long histories, when levels were similar to those in disease controls. Levels of @entity5 , although also raised in all three forms of @entity1 , were negatively correlated with @entity7 . We found that levels of sIL-4R were strikingly reduced in all forms of @entity1 , particularly meningeal. Contacts who progressed could not be distinguished from contacts who remained healthy at 2 years in terms of @entity6 , sIL-4R, @entity5 or @entity7 . However contacts had raised expression of @entity6  2 as previously found. These results indicate vigorous and previously unrecorded activity within the Th2 axis, and further investigation is warranted.

title: @entity5 , @entity7 and sIL-4R in renal, meningeal and @entity3 ; a 2 year study of XXXX and contacts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The mechanisms by which @entity1 (PA) enters and leaves brain, choroid plexus, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were investigated by injecting [3H]PA either intravenously or intraventricularly into adult @entity0 . @entity2 , either alone or together with unlabeled PA, was infused at a constant rate into conscious @entity0 . At 180 min, @entity2 readily entered CSF, choroid plexus, and brain. In brain, CSF, and plasma, greater than 90% of the 3H was associated with [3H]PA. The addition of 200 mumol/kg PA to the infusion syringe decreased the penetration of @entity2 into brain and CSF by approximately 70%. Two hours after the intraventricular injection of @entity2 , @entity2 was rapidly cleared from the CSF by a probenecid-sensitive mechanism. No metabolism of the @entity2 occurred in brain. However, 18 h after the intraventricular injection of 37 microCi (34 nmol) of @entity2 , approximately 40% of the 3H remaining in forebrain was converted to @entity3 . These results show that PA enters and leaves CSF and brain by saturable transport systems. However, @entity2 is very slowly converted to @entity3 in brain in vivo.

title: XXXX transport and metabolism in the central nervous system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is an intravenous @entity4 analog approved for the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Few studies have compared the pharmacodynamics and effectiveness of @entity5 and @entity4 in @entity0 with high-risk @entity1 . METHODS: Case series of @entity0 with @entity1 admitted to a Medical Intensive Care Unit for transition from @entity4 to intravenous @entity5 for refractory class III-IV functional symptoms or @entity2 . Mixed linear models were used for comparisons between repeated hemodynamic measurements. RESULTS: Five of fourteen @entity0 treated with intravenous @entity5 during the study period underwent transition to @entity4 . Two had @entity1 associated with @entity3 , three had idiopathic @entity1 . Pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance significantly increased within 1 h after discontinuation of @entity5 in all subjects. Mean PAPs immediately prior to discontinuation of @entity5 (53.4    7.5 mmHg) were significantly lower than the values 1 h after discontinuation (63.6    9.6 mmHg, p = 0.026), but were significantly higher than the values following transition to @entity4 (45.4    5.5, p = 0.0493); 4/5 subjects had short-term clinical follow-up data available; all improved in functional class. No subject experienced adverse events during the transition. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk @entity1 @entity0 with an inadequate response to @entity5 may have significant clinical and hemodynamic response to @entity4 . Following discontinuation of @entity5 in these @entity0 , the hemodynamic effects of discontinuation were seen in substantially shorter time than what is known to be the pharmacokinetic terminal half-life.

title: Differential response to intravenous @entity4 analog therapy in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is an intravenous @entity4 analog approved for the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Few studies have compared the pharmacodynamics and effectiveness of @entity5 and @entity4 in @entity0 with high-risk @entity1 . METHODS: Case series of @entity0 with @entity1 admitted to a Medical Intensive Care Unit for transition from @entity4 to intravenous @entity5 for refractory class III-IV functional symptoms or @entity2 . Mixed linear models were used for comparisons between repeated hemodynamic measurements. RESULTS: Five of fourteen @entity0 treated with intravenous @entity5 during the study period underwent transition to @entity4 . Two had @entity1 associated with @entity3 , three had idiopathic @entity1 . Pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance significantly increased within 1 h after discontinuation of @entity5 in all subjects. Mean PAPs immediately prior to discontinuation of @entity5 (53.4    7.5 mmHg) were significantly lower than the values 1 h after discontinuation (63.6    9.6 mmHg, p = 0.026), but were significantly higher than the values following transition to @entity4 (45.4    5.5, p = 0.0493); 4/5 subjects had short-term clinical follow-up data available; all improved in functional class. No subject experienced adverse events during the transition. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk @entity1 @entity0 with an inadequate response to @entity5 may have significant clinical and hemodynamic response to @entity4 . Following discontinuation of @entity5 in these @entity0 , the hemodynamic effects of discontinuation were seen in substantially shorter time than what is known to be the pharmacokinetic terminal half-life.

title: Differential response to intravenous XXXX analog therapy in @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is an intravenous @entity4 analog approved for the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Few studies have compared the pharmacodynamics and effectiveness of @entity5 and @entity4 in @entity0 with high-risk @entity1 . METHODS: Case series of @entity0 with @entity1 admitted to a Medical Intensive Care Unit for transition from @entity4 to intravenous @entity5 for refractory class III-IV functional symptoms or @entity2 . Mixed linear models were used for comparisons between repeated hemodynamic measurements. RESULTS: Five of fourteen @entity0 treated with intravenous @entity5 during the study period underwent transition to @entity4 . Two had @entity1 associated with @entity3 , three had idiopathic @entity1 . Pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance significantly increased within 1 h after discontinuation of @entity5 in all subjects. Mean PAPs immediately prior to discontinuation of @entity5 (53.4    7.5 mmHg) were significantly lower than the values 1 h after discontinuation (63.6    9.6 mmHg, p = 0.026), but were significantly higher than the values following transition to @entity4 (45.4    5.5, p = 0.0493); 4/5 subjects had short-term clinical follow-up data available; all improved in functional class. No subject experienced adverse events during the transition. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk @entity1 @entity0 with an inadequate response to @entity5 may have significant clinical and hemodynamic response to @entity4 . Following discontinuation of @entity5 in these @entity0 , the hemodynamic effects of discontinuation were seen in substantially shorter time than what is known to be the pharmacokinetic terminal half-life.

title: Differential response to intravenous @entity4 analog therapy in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) among parous @entity0 of @entity0 -bearing age and compare their level of knowledge regarding @entity1 to those @entity0 without the condition. METHODS: A convenience sample of @entity0 aged 20 to 50 years who had given birth at least once completed questionnaires regarding (1) demographic information, (2) knowledge of @entity1 (PIKQ-Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Quiz and PIKQ+), and (3) prevalence of @entity1 (ICIQ- @entity1 questionnaire-International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence short form). @entity0 who were pregnant or 3 months or less postpartum were excluded from the analysis of the ICIQ- @entity1 . RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-three @entity0 , representing 89.7% of those approached, participated in the study. Their mean age was 35.3   5.0 years (mean    SD), all completed the knowledge questionnaire while 260 (80.5%) completed the @entity1 questionnaire. Eighty-three (31.9%) suffered from @entity1 , and most (67.5%) were between 31 and 40 years of age. @entity0 ' level of knowledge about @entity1 was found to be moderate (mean = 7.37    3.6) on the PIKQ+. Knowledge level was correlated with age (P = .017) and with higher levels of education (P < .001). There was a significantly higher level of @entity1 knowledge (PIKQ+ scores) among @entity0 with @entity1 (mean = 8.6; SD = 3.01) as compared to those who did not report @entity1 (mean = 7.6; SD =  3.75; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of parous @entity0 aged 20 to 50 years reported @entity1 . Knowledge related to the condition tends to be moderate, increasing with higher age and education.

title: Self-reported Prevalence of and Knowledge About Urinary Incontinence Among Community-Dwelling Israeli XXXX of @entity0 -Bearing Age.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) among parous @entity0 of @entity0 -bearing age and compare their level of knowledge regarding @entity1 to those @entity0 without the condition. METHODS: A convenience sample of @entity0 aged 20 to 50 years who had given birth at least once completed questionnaires regarding (1) demographic information, (2) knowledge of @entity1 (PIKQ-Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Quiz and PIKQ+), and (3) prevalence of @entity1 (ICIQ- @entity1 questionnaire-International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence short form). @entity0 who were pregnant or 3 months or less postpartum were excluded from the analysis of the ICIQ- @entity1 . RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-three @entity0 , representing 89.7% of those approached, participated in the study. Their mean age was 35.3   5.0 years (mean    SD), all completed the knowledge questionnaire while 260 (80.5%) completed the @entity1 questionnaire. Eighty-three (31.9%) suffered from @entity1 , and most (67.5%) were between 31 and 40 years of age. @entity0 ' level of knowledge about @entity1 was found to be moderate (mean = 7.37    3.6) on the PIKQ+. Knowledge level was correlated with age (P = .017) and with higher levels of education (P < .001). There was a significantly higher level of @entity1 knowledge (PIKQ+ scores) among @entity0 with @entity1 (mean = 8.6; SD = 3.01) as compared to those who did not report @entity1 (mean = 7.6; SD =  3.75; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of parous @entity0 aged 20 to 50 years reported @entity1 . Knowledge related to the condition tends to be moderate, increasing with higher age and education.

title: Self-reported Prevalence of and Knowledge About Urinary Incontinence Among Community-Dwelling Israeli @entity0 of XXXX -Bearing Age.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: Changes in vascular permeability and expansion of the fluid-filled antrum are major events in the LH-induced ovulatory process. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to investigate the presence and expression levels of aquaporins (AQPs) in the granulosa and theca cell compartments of the follicle during defined phases of @entity0 ovulation. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a prospective experimental study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a university hospital. @entity0 : Twenty-eight @entity0 underwent laparoscopic sterilization and at the same time follicle retrieval at four periovulatory phases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: mRNA levels of @entity1 -4 were measured in separated granulosa and theca cells from preovulatory phase, early ovulatory (EO) phase, late ovulatory phase, and postovulatory phase. Immunohistochemistry was done for @entity1 -4 in intact @entity0 follicles. RESULTS: All four AQPs were expressed in both the theca and granulosa cells during ovulation. In granulosa cells, @entity1 levels increased in the late ovulatory and postovulatory phases. Expression of @entity3 -3 followed a similar pattern with a marked increase in the EO phase, whereas @entity2 levels decreased from preovulatory to the EO phase. The presence of @entity1 -4 in the @entity0 follicle was verified by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The results show for the first time the presence of @entity1 -4 in @entity0 follicles during ovulation. The marked early rise in expression of @entity3 and @entity4 suggests a role during the process leading to follicular rupture, and the late rise of @entity1 suggests a role in corpus luteum formation.

title: The water permeability channels aquaporins 1-4 are differentially expressed in granulosa and theca cells of the preovulatory follicle during precise stages of XXXX ovulation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity2 in @entity0 with 50% or more asymptomatic @entity7 (ACS) on intensive medical treatment is low. Hence, the optimal treatment of ACS remains controversial at this point of time. AIM: We assessed the risk of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 in @entity0 with 50% or more ACS on intensive medical treatment. METHODS: All @entity0 with @entity5 /minor @entity2 (National Institutes of Health @entity2 Scale score  <=5) who had undergone vessel imaging as part of their evaluation and @entity0 with @entity6 who had undergone vessel imaging before cardiac intervention were screened for the presence of asymptomatic @entity7 . The risk of @entity5 / @entity2 , @entity4 , and vascular deaths were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 1,800 @entity0 , 92 @entity0 (.05%) had ACS having 50% to 99% stenosis; 63 had @entity5 /minor @entity2 , and 29 had @entity6 , of whom 7 @entity0 had bilateral ACS, thus constituting 99 study units of ACS. The mean follow-up was 34.7  months (range 3-120  months). Two @entity0 developed @entity1 events on the side ipsilateral to the ACS and 9 @entity0 developed @entity4 during the follow-up. The average annual event rate for cerebral @entity1 events was .93% (95% confidence interval [CI], .11-3.37), 4.21% (95% CI, 1.92-7.98) for @entity4 , and 3.27% (95% CI, 1.31-6.74) for @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the risk of @entity2 in @entity0 with ACS is low, acute coronary events and vascular deaths were significant. This highlights the importance of intensive risk factor modification to reduce adverse cardiovascular events in ACS rather than revascularization of the @entity7 .

title: Risk of XXXX and Cardiac Events in Medically Treated Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can account for the dosimetric impact of anatomical change in @entity3 @entity0 ; however it can be resource intensive. Consequently, it is imperative that @entity0 likely to require ART are identified. The purpose of this study was to find predictive factors that identify @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 more likely to need ART. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and ten @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity4 were analysed. @entity0 @entity1 characteristics were compared between @entity0 who were replanned and those that were not. Factors found to be significant were included in logistic regression models. Risk profiles were developed from these models. A dosimetric analysis was performed. RESULTS: @entity2 stage, pre-treatment largest involved node size, diagnosis and initial weight (categorised in 2 groups) were identified as significant for inclusion in the model. Two models were found to be significant (p=0.001), correctly classifying 98.2% and 96.1% of @entity0 respectively. Three ART risk profiles were developed. CONCLUSION: Predictive factors identifying @entity5 or @entity4 @entity0 more likely to require ART were reported. A risk profile approach could facilitate the effective implementation of ART into radiotherapy departments through forward planning and appropriate resource allocation.

title: Predicting the need for adaptive radiotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Development of the antimalarial drug resistant strains has currently become a major public health challenge. There is an urgent need to develop new antimalarial drugs. @entity5 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are receiving increasing attention as anticancer therapy. It has revolutionarised the management of CML to say the least. TKIs are also increasingly being implicated in complicated but vital life cycle of @entity0 parasite. Hence we tested two commonly used but different classes of TKIs ( @entity2 and @entity3 ) in-vitro for their antimalarial activity and possible synergistic activity with existing antimalarial drug. Antimalarial activity was tested with the help of modified WHO microtest technique in-vitro for five different @entity4 laboratory strains (3D7, Dd2, 7G8, MRC2, PKL9). @entity2 and @entity3 showed a promising antimalarial activity with all the strains. These compounds caused dose dependent inhibition of parasite maturation. The isobologram analysis of the interactions of these TKIs with standard antimalarial drug, @entity1 revealed distinct patterns of synergism, additivity and antagonism at different ratios. @entity2 showed worthwhile synergism with @entity1 indicating @entity2 and other @entity5 kinase inhibitors may have significant antimalarial activity and can be used in combination therapy.

title: XXXX kinase inhibitors: New class of antimalarials on the horizon?

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP) is reportedly associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) development. However, the predictors of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remained unclear. We retrospectively enrolled 234 @entity0 without structural @entity2 who underwent a permanent pacemaker implantation with RVAP between 1982 and 2004. RVAP-induced @entity3 was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction decrease >5  % with @entity3 symptom without other @entity3 development etiology. The QRS duration of a paced beat (pQRSd) and @entity1 score were analyzed from each @entity0 's 12-lead ECG. During a mean 15.6  years (range 3.3-30.0  years), 48 @entity0 (20.5  %) @entity0 developed RVAP-induced @entity3 . The @entity4 group @entity0 had a longer pQRSd (192.4      13.5 vs. 175.7      14.7  ms in non- @entity4 @entity0 , p  <  0.001) and a higher @entity1 score (5.2      1.9 vs. 2.7      1.9, respectively p  <  0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, old age at implantation [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.62, 95  % confidential interval (CI) 1.22-2.16, p  =  0.001], a longer pQRSd (HR 1.54, 95  % CI 1.15-2.05, p  =  0.003), a higher @entity1 score (HR 1.23, 95  % CI 1.03-1.49, p  =  0.037), and a higher percentage of ventricular pacing (HR 1.31, 95  % CI 1.01-1.49, p  =  0.010) were independent predictors of @entity4 . Based on the results of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the pQRSd cutoff was 185  ms (AUC 0.79, sensitivity 66.7  %, specificity 76.3  %) and @entity1 score cutoff value was 4 (AUC 0.81, sensitivity 81.3  %, specificity 66.1  %). The pQRSd was positively correlated with scar score (r  =  0.70, p  <  0.001). pQRSd >= 185  ms and/or @entity1 score >= 4 might be independent long-term prognostic markers of @entity4 .

title: Paced QRS duration and XXXX amount: predictors of long-term outcome of right ventricular apical pacing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyse the inocuity and the incidence of complications of a 0.2 mg/ml solution of @entity1 (M.M.C.), for two application time, 2.5 or 5 minutes. METHODS: 110 trabeculectomies were realised in 99 @entity0 ; they were high-risk (HR) @entity0 in 66 cases, and low-risk (LR) @entity0 in 44 cases. M.M.C. was used for 2.5 minutes in 44 cases (20 HR @entity0 , 24 LR @entity0 ), and for 5 minutes in 66 cases (46 HR @entity0 , 20 LR @entity0 ). RESULTS: In both groups HR and LR, there is no significant difference on the pressure lowering whether the 0.2 mg/ml solution of M.M.C. is used during 2.5 minutes or 5 minutes (Student t-test at 6 months: HR: p = 0.224; FR: p = 0.542). For the early and late complication in the HR group, there is no significant difference whether M.M.C. is used 2.5 or 5 minutes. In the LR group, there is a significant difference for hypothalamy (p = 0.035) and @entity2 (p = 0.027). In this LR group, there is no significant difference in the late complications. CONCLUSIONS: A 0.2 mg/ml solution of M.M.C., when indicated, may be used as well in the HR and LR group during 2'30". In the HR group, if there are several risk factors, we propose to adapt the application time between 2.5 and 5 minutes, and increase it by 1/2 or 1 minute for each risk factor.

title: [Comparative study of administration time of XXXX in trabeculectomy: 2.5 or 5 minutes?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide basic pharmacodynamic information for key antibiotics used to treat @entity1 and @entity1 xenopi @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 hominissuis IWGMT49 and M. xenopi ATCC 19250 type strains were used; the MICs of @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity2 were determined by broth microdilution. Time-kill assays were performed, exposing bacteria to 2-fold concentrations from 0.062* to 32* the MIC at 37  C for 240 h for @entity1 or 42 days for M. xenopi. The sigmoid maximum effect (Emax) model was fitted to the time-kill curve data. RESULTS: Maximum killing of @entity1 by @entity3 was obtained between 24 and 120 h (0.0180 h(-1)) and was faster and higher than with @entity4 (0.0109 h(-1)); however, regrowth and @entity3 -resistant mutants were observed. Killing rates for M. xenopi were higher, 0.1533 h(-1) for @entity4 and 0.1385 h(-1) for @entity2 , yet required 42 days. There were no significant differences between the Hill's slopes determined for all of the antibiotics tested against @entity1 or M. xenopi (P=0.9663 and P=0.0844, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The killing effect of @entity3 and @entity4 on @entity1 hominissuis was low, although @entity3 activity was higher than that of @entity4 , supporting its role in a combined therapy. @entity4 and @entity2 may have similar activity within treatment regimens for M. xenopi disease. Future studies of in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions are needed to improve the current regimens to treat these two important slowly growing mycobacteria in @entity0 .

title: Time-kill kinetics of slowly growing mycobacteria common in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We describe the use of two in vitro tests to characterize plasma antioxidant capacity at the time of cardiac bypass in operations for @entity1 in 30 @entity0 aged 3 days to 16 years (average 4.4 +/- 0.9 years [standard error]). Bypass and crossclamp time, circuit volume, and type of operation were recorded for each @entity0 . First, a test of plasma radical antioxidant power measured chain breaking (secondary) antioxidant capacity of plasma to prevent oxidation of @entity3 in vitro. Second, overall ability of plasma to prevent lipid peroxidation was assessed by a classic test of plasma inhibition of @entity2 formation in a beef brain homogenate. Plasma total radical antioxidant power level at baseline was 0.74 +/- 0.03 mumol/ml plasma, which decreased to 0.15 +/- 0.05 mumol/ml plasma after bypass (p < 0.001) and 0.26 +/- 0.08 mumol/ml plasma with recovery (n = 18, p < 0.001). Analysis of variance of postbypass total radical antioxidant power value showed age (p = 0.0002, r = 0.63) and bypass time (p = 0.009, r = 0.4677) to be significant factors. Pump prime volume in milliliters per kilogram and preoperative hemoglobin value were not significant factors. Beef brain @entity2 formation in vitro was limited 92% +/- 3% by normal plasma before operation versus 53% +/- 5% after operation (p < 0.001) and 51% +/- 5% at recovery after arrival in the pediatric intensive care unit (p < 0.001). Analysis of variance of the changes from before to after operation showed age p = 0.0015, r = 0.55) and bypass time (p = 0.033, r = 0.39) to be significant factors. Thus antioxidant capacity of plasma is significantly diminished after cardiopulmonary bypass in @entity0 . Young @entity0 age and long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass are identified as factors that correlate positively with depletion of antioxidant capacity with bypass.

title: Plasma antioxidant depletion after cardiopulmonary bypass in operations for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Evidence based on ultrastructure and immunocytochemical staining suggests that morphological gradations between epithelial and myoepithelial cells, and possibly between epithelial and alveolar-like cells, can occur in terminal ductal structures of @entity3 and @entity1 mammary glands. In @entity2 the benign, carcinogen-induced @entity3 and benign, @entity1 mammary @entity2 can contain epithelial, @entity4 , whereas their malignant counterparts mainly contain only epithelial-like cells. Clonal epithelial cell lines from normal @entity3 mammary glands, from @entity2 and from SV40-transformed @entity1 mammary cultures can differentiate to either @entity4 . In those of the @entity3 , the differentiation processes occur in steps, intermediate cells along the myoepithelial-like pathway resemble the morphological intermediates in the terminal ductal structures in vivo. Changes in specific polypeptides characterize each of the intermediate cells in vitro. One of the earliest increases observed in the myoepithelial-like pathway in vitro is that due to a novel protein @entity10 , whereas the major increases in @entity9 and the basement membrane proteins laminin and type IV collagen occur at later steps. The @entity5 sequence of the gene for @entity10 is related to that of the small, regulatory @entity6 -binding proteins, and antibodies raised to synthetic fragments of its predicted @entity8 sequence react with only myoepithelial cells within the @entity3 mammary parenchyma. Increases in the production of @entity10 and @entity9 are largely due to increases in their messenger RNAs, possibly arising at the level of transcription of the DNA, whereas the increases in production of laminin and type IV collagen occur at a post-transcriptional level. The normal transcriptional promoter sequences of TATA or CAAT are not found adjacent to the genes for @entity10 or @entity9 . Cells and cell lines from malignant @entity3 mammary @entity2 of increasing metastatic potential and from malignant areas of @entity1 @entity7 largely fail to yield fully differentiated @entity4 in culture; however, weakly metastasizing @entity3 cells yield variants which may retain a vestige of the myoepithelial phenotype. It is suggested that novel regulatory transcriptional element(s) may control the production of some of the proteins along the normal myoepithelial-like pathway, and that these elements may be relatively unique in their capacity to become inoperative in the @entity0 cell.

title: Stem cells in mammary gland differentiation and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Statins and fibrates reduce monocyte release of proinflammatory cytokines, but it remains unknown whether this effect is sex dependent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed age-, weight-, and lipid-matched populations of @entity4 2 @entity2 @entity0 of both sexes, who, because of @entity7 , were treated with @entity10 (40 mg daily), @entity12 (200 mg daily), or @entity10 plus @entity12 . Monocyte release of @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity5 ), inteleukin-1beta, @entity6 , and @entity9 ( @entity9 ), as well as circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and @entity11 ( @entity13 ) were assessed separately for @entity0 and @entity0 before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Baseline monocyte release of @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 , as well as plasma hsCRP and @entity13 levels were comparable in both sexes. @entity10 , @entity12 , and @entity10 / @entity12 combination therapy reduced monocyte release of @entity5 , inteleukin-1beta, @entity6 , and @entity9 , with no difference between the treatment groups. The impact of @entity10 and @entity12 administered alone on monocyte cytokine release and systemic @entity3 did not differ between the @entity0 and @entity0 . The effect of @entity10 / @entity12 combination therapy on monocyte release of @entity6 and @entity9 was more pronounced in the male population. The impact of @entity10 administered together with @entity12 on @entity5 , @entity8 , and hsCRP was also stronger in the @entity0 than in the @entity0 , but the difference did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that sex differences determine the strength of the monocyte-suppressing effect of @entity10 / / @entity12 combination therapy in @entity4 2 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity7 . (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (3): 224-230).

title: Comparison of the effects of hypolipidemic treatment on monocyte proinflammatory cytokine release in @entity0 and @entity0 with XXXX 2 @entity2 and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Statins and fibrates reduce monocyte release of proinflammatory cytokines, but it remains unknown whether this effect is sex dependent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed age-, weight-, and lipid-matched populations of @entity4 2 @entity2 @entity0 of both sexes, who, because of @entity7 , were treated with @entity10 (40 mg daily), @entity12 (200 mg daily), or @entity10 plus @entity12 . Monocyte release of @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity5 ), inteleukin-1beta, @entity6 , and @entity9 ( @entity9 ), as well as circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and @entity11 ( @entity13 ) were assessed separately for @entity0 and @entity0 before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Baseline monocyte release of @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 , as well as plasma hsCRP and @entity13 levels were comparable in both sexes. @entity10 , @entity12 , and @entity10 / @entity12 combination therapy reduced monocyte release of @entity5 , inteleukin-1beta, @entity6 , and @entity9 , with no difference between the treatment groups. The impact of @entity10 and @entity12 administered alone on monocyte cytokine release and systemic @entity3 did not differ between the @entity0 and @entity0 . The effect of @entity10 / @entity12 combination therapy on monocyte release of @entity6 and @entity9 was more pronounced in the male population. The impact of @entity10 administered together with @entity12 on @entity5 , @entity8 , and hsCRP was also stronger in the @entity0 than in the @entity0 , but the difference did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that sex differences determine the strength of the monocyte-suppressing effect of @entity10 / / @entity12 combination therapy in @entity4 2 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity7 . (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (3): 224-230).

title: Comparison of the effects of hypolipidemic treatment on monocyte proinflammatory cytokine release in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity4 2 XXXX and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Statins and fibrates reduce monocyte release of proinflammatory cytokines, but it remains unknown whether this effect is sex dependent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed age-, weight-, and lipid-matched populations of @entity4 2 @entity2 @entity0 of both sexes, who, because of @entity7 , were treated with @entity10 (40 mg daily), @entity12 (200 mg daily), or @entity10 plus @entity12 . Monocyte release of @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity5 ), inteleukin-1beta, @entity6 , and @entity9 ( @entity9 ), as well as circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and @entity11 ( @entity13 ) were assessed separately for @entity0 and @entity0 before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Baseline monocyte release of @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 , as well as plasma hsCRP and @entity13 levels were comparable in both sexes. @entity10 , @entity12 , and @entity10 / @entity12 combination therapy reduced monocyte release of @entity5 , inteleukin-1beta, @entity6 , and @entity9 , with no difference between the treatment groups. The impact of @entity10 and @entity12 administered alone on monocyte cytokine release and systemic @entity3 did not differ between the @entity0 and @entity0 . The effect of @entity10 / @entity12 combination therapy on monocyte release of @entity6 and @entity9 was more pronounced in the male population. The impact of @entity10 administered together with @entity12 on @entity5 , @entity8 , and hsCRP was also stronger in the @entity0 than in the @entity0 , but the difference did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that sex differences determine the strength of the monocyte-suppressing effect of @entity10 / / @entity12 combination therapy in @entity4 2 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity7 . (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (3): 224-230).

title: Comparison of the effects of hypolipidemic treatment on monocyte proinflammatory cytokine release in XXXX and @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity2 and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Statins and fibrates reduce monocyte release of proinflammatory cytokines, but it remains unknown whether this effect is sex dependent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed age-, weight-, and lipid-matched populations of @entity4 2 @entity2 @entity0 of both sexes, who, because of @entity7 , were treated with @entity10 (40 mg daily), @entity12 (200 mg daily), or @entity10 plus @entity12 . Monocyte release of @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity5 ), inteleukin-1beta, @entity6 , and @entity9 ( @entity9 ), as well as circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and @entity11 ( @entity13 ) were assessed separately for @entity0 and @entity0 before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Baseline monocyte release of @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 , as well as plasma hsCRP and @entity13 levels were comparable in both sexes. @entity10 , @entity12 , and @entity10 / @entity12 combination therapy reduced monocyte release of @entity5 , inteleukin-1beta, @entity6 , and @entity9 , with no difference between the treatment groups. The impact of @entity10 and @entity12 administered alone on monocyte cytokine release and systemic @entity3 did not differ between the @entity0 and @entity0 . The effect of @entity10 / @entity12 combination therapy on monocyte release of @entity6 and @entity9 was more pronounced in the male population. The impact of @entity10 administered together with @entity12 on @entity5 , @entity8 , and hsCRP was also stronger in the @entity0 than in the @entity0 , but the difference did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that sex differences determine the strength of the monocyte-suppressing effect of @entity10 / / @entity12 combination therapy in @entity4 2 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity7 . (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (3): 224-230).

title: Comparison of the effects of hypolipidemic treatment on monocyte proinflammatory cytokine release in @entity0 and XXXX with @entity4 2 @entity2 and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The importance of vagal efferent signaling for the insulinotropic and glucagonostatic effects of @entity4 was investigated in a randomized single-blinded study. Healthy male @entity0 (n=10) received @entity2 to block vagal cholinergic transmission or saline infusions on separate occasions. At t=15min, plasma @entity1 was clamped at 6mmol/L. @entity4 was infused at a low dose (0.3pmol/kg/min) from t = 45-95min and at a higher dose(1 pmol/kg/min) from t = 95-145 min. @entity2 blocked muscarinic, cholinergic transmission, as evidenced by an increase in heart rate (peak: 70  2(saline) vs. 90  2( @entity2 ) beats/min, P<0.002) and suppression of pancreatic polypeptide levels (area under the curve during the @entity4 infusions (AUC45-145): 492  85(saline) vs. 247  59( @entity2 ) pmol/L*min,P<0.0001). More @entity1 was needed to maintain the clamp during the high-dose @entity4 infusion steady state period on the @entity2 day (6.4  0.9(saline) vs. 8.7  0.8( @entity2 ) mg/kg/min,P<0.0023). @entity4 dose-dependently increased insulin secretion on both days. The insulinotropic effect of @entity4 was not impaired by @entity2 (C-peptide AUCs45-145: 99  8(saline) vs. 113  13( @entity2 ) nmol/L*min,P=0.19). @entity2 suppressed glucagon levels additively with @entity4 (AUC45-145:469  70(saline) vs. 265  50( @entity2 ) pmol/L*min,P=0.018) - resulting in @entity3 when infusions were suspended (3.6  0.2(saline) vs. 2.7  0.2( @entity2 ) mmol/L, P<0.0001). To ascertain whether @entity2 could independently suppress glucagon levels, control experiments (n=5) were carried out without @entity4 infusions (AUC45-145: 558  103(saline) vs. 382  76( @entity2 ) pmol/L*min,P=0.06). Our results suggest that efferent muscarinic activity is not required for the insulinotropic effect of exogenous @entity4 but that blocking efferent muscarinic activity independently suppresses glucagon secretion. In combination, @entity4 and muscarinic blockade strongly affects @entity1 turnover.

title: The Role of Efferent Cholinergic Transmission for the Insulinotropic and Glucagonostatic Effects of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are known to interfere with @entity5 metabolism. @entity10 may be a risk factor associated in the long-term treatment with @entity3 . Both ge.netic and non-genetic factors are responsible for @entity10 . @entity11 @entity12 polymorphism leads to the reduction in enzyme activity and subsequent elevation of plasma @entity5 . This study aimed to investigate the role of @entity11 @entity12 polymorphism in @entity2 @entity0 receiving @entity3 as monotherapy ( @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity4 ) and showing @entity1 and non- @entity1 , and the impact of @entity3 on @entity10 in North Indian population. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Blood samples for this case-control study were collected from the outpatient depart.ment and wards of the Department of Neurosciences at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, between July 2008 and May 2010. @entity0 AND METHODS: In this study, 200 @entity2 @entity0 and 100 normal controls were assessed for total @entity5 (tHcy), @entity8 , and @entity6 levels using enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method (ImmuliteR, 1000 systems, DPC, United States); genotyping of @entity11 @entity12 was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in tHcy levels in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 and non- @entity1 than in normal controls (P < .005). The allelic and genotypic distributions were found to be statistically significant in @entity1 and non- @entity1 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The result confirmed that @entity10 is common in adults receiving AED treatment for @entity2 with @entity1 and non- @entity1 groups. This increase in tHcy is mainly related to low @entity6 and vita.min B12 levels, which are the main determinants for tHcy.

title: Impact of @entity11 ( @entity12 ) gene polymorphism on antiepileptic drug monotherapy in North Indian XXXX population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are known to interfere with @entity5 metabolism. @entity10 may be a risk factor associated in the long-term treatment with @entity3 . Both ge.netic and non-genetic factors are responsible for @entity10 . @entity11 @entity12 polymorphism leads to the reduction in enzyme activity and subsequent elevation of plasma @entity5 . This study aimed to investigate the role of @entity11 @entity12 polymorphism in @entity2 @entity0 receiving @entity3 as monotherapy ( @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity4 ) and showing @entity1 and non- @entity1 , and the impact of @entity3 on @entity10 in North Indian population. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Blood samples for this case-control study were collected from the outpatient depart.ment and wards of the Department of Neurosciences at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, between July 2008 and May 2010. @entity0 AND METHODS: In this study, 200 @entity2 @entity0 and 100 normal controls were assessed for total @entity5 (tHcy), @entity8 , and @entity6 levels using enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method (ImmuliteR, 1000 systems, DPC, United States); genotyping of @entity11 @entity12 was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in tHcy levels in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 and non- @entity1 than in normal controls (P < .005). The allelic and genotypic distributions were found to be statistically significant in @entity1 and non- @entity1 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The result confirmed that @entity10 is common in adults receiving AED treatment for @entity2 with @entity1 and non- @entity1 groups. This increase in tHcy is mainly related to low @entity6 and vita.min B12 levels, which are the main determinants for tHcy.

title: Impact of XXXX ( @entity12 ) gene polymorphism on antiepileptic drug monotherapy in North Indian @entity2 population.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are known to interfere with @entity5 metabolism. @entity10 may be a risk factor associated in the long-term treatment with @entity3 . Both ge.netic and non-genetic factors are responsible for @entity10 . @entity11 @entity12 polymorphism leads to the reduction in enzyme activity and subsequent elevation of plasma @entity5 . This study aimed to investigate the role of @entity11 @entity12 polymorphism in @entity2 @entity0 receiving @entity3 as monotherapy ( @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity4 ) and showing @entity1 and non- @entity1 , and the impact of @entity3 on @entity10 in North Indian population. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Blood samples for this case-control study were collected from the outpatient depart.ment and wards of the Department of Neurosciences at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, between July 2008 and May 2010. @entity0 AND METHODS: In this study, 200 @entity2 @entity0 and 100 normal controls were assessed for total @entity5 (tHcy), @entity8 , and @entity6 levels using enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method (ImmuliteR, 1000 systems, DPC, United States); genotyping of @entity11 @entity12 was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in tHcy levels in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 and non- @entity1 than in normal controls (P < .005). The allelic and genotypic distributions were found to be statistically significant in @entity1 and non- @entity1 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The result confirmed that @entity10 is common in adults receiving AED treatment for @entity2 with @entity1 and non- @entity1 groups. This increase in tHcy is mainly related to low @entity6 and vita.min B12 levels, which are the main determinants for tHcy.

title: Impact of @entity11 ( XXXX ) gene polymorphism on antiepileptic drug monotherapy in North Indian @entity2 population.

answer: @entity12


abstract: We aim to quantify and relate the dominant dynamic factors of @entity1 signals and of the resultant patterns of LH release from pituitary cells. Using perifused @entity0 cells we have already shown that rising edges of @entity1 pulses are major effectors of LH release and that a longer absence of signal between pulses improves response. This study reports the effects on LH release dynamics of continuous levels of @entity1 with superimposed pulses and of slowing the important rising edge of the @entity1 pulses. Low baseline @entity1 perifusions at physiological levels (5-60 pM) reduced the response to hourly pulses of 850 pM @entity1 . Continuous @entity1 (420 pM), which initially yielded maximal LH release followed by desensitization, prevented extra stimulation by pulses of equal concentration, but 10-fold higher pulses gave additional LH output. After desensitization an hour's respite from stimulation resensitized cells to 420 pM pulses. Whereas continuous stimulation of cells with @entity1 even at the very low level of 5-10 pM [ED50 = 58 +/- 6 (SE) pM] produced desensitization in 10-15 min, slowly rising @entity1 (0.56-14 pM/min) caused increasing LH output with time. However, in comparison with square wave pulses, stimulatory signals consisting of slowly rising concentrations of @entity1 produced peaks characterized by less total LH output and a changed shape. This was consistent with desensitization at low concentrations of @entity1 reducing response to later increases in the level of stimulation. The mechanism for detecting @entity1 signals and/or the mechanisms controlling release of LH were desensitized to constant @entity1 at any concentration but retained a reduced sensitivity, or developed an additional release capacity, to increased levels of @entity1 . Properties of four distinct types of LH release dynamics were described quantitatively and were shown to be controlled by different time constants in the @entity1 pulse stimulation patterns.

title: Dynamic characteristics of luteinizing hormone release from perifused XXXX anterior pituitary cells stimulated by combined pulsatile and continuous gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of the present work was to study the behavioral effects elicited in adult @entity1 by the selective D1 agonist, @entity3 , and the D2 agonist, @entity5 , comparing their effects with those evoked by @entity4 . In 10 adult @entity1 , 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg IP of @entity3 were administered at random. A dose-response effect was observed related to alertness, indifference, and locomotion. The overall effect of @entity3 was inhibitory. To the same 10 animals, @entity5 in doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg were injected IP. This drug had an excitatory and more complex effect than what was observed with the D1 agonist. Increases in locomotion, in alertness, indifference, fear, olfaction, @entity0 , @entity2 , limb flicking, and head shaking were recorded. @entity4 given to the same @entity1 , in a dose equimolar to 1.0 mg/kg of @entity5 , elicited behaviors that resembled those elicited by the latter drug, but of a lesser intensity and duration. The interval between the different treatments was approximately 2 months. These results show clearly that the D2 receptor is the main dopaminergic receptor involved in the mechanism of production of most of the behavioral effects produced by some of the dopaminergic agonist drugs like @entity4 .

title: Behavioral effects evoked by @entity3 and XXXX in adult @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of the present work was to study the behavioral effects elicited in adult @entity1 by the selective D1 agonist, @entity3 , and the D2 agonist, @entity5 , comparing their effects with those evoked by @entity4 . In 10 adult @entity1 , 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg IP of @entity3 were administered at random. A dose-response effect was observed related to alertness, indifference, and locomotion. The overall effect of @entity3 was inhibitory. To the same 10 animals, @entity5 in doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg were injected IP. This drug had an excitatory and more complex effect than what was observed with the D1 agonist. Increases in locomotion, in alertness, indifference, fear, olfaction, @entity0 , @entity2 , limb flicking, and head shaking were recorded. @entity4 given to the same @entity1 , in a dose equimolar to 1.0 mg/kg of @entity5 , elicited behaviors that resembled those elicited by the latter drug, but of a lesser intensity and duration. The interval between the different treatments was approximately 2 months. These results show clearly that the D2 receptor is the main dopaminergic receptor involved in the mechanism of production of most of the behavioral effects produced by some of the dopaminergic agonist drugs like @entity4 .

title: Behavioral effects evoked by @entity3 and @entity5 in adult XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the present work was to study the behavioral effects elicited in adult @entity1 by the selective D1 agonist, @entity3 , and the D2 agonist, @entity5 , comparing their effects with those evoked by @entity4 . In 10 adult @entity1 , 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg IP of @entity3 were administered at random. A dose-response effect was observed related to alertness, indifference, and locomotion. The overall effect of @entity3 was inhibitory. To the same 10 animals, @entity5 in doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg were injected IP. This drug had an excitatory and more complex effect than what was observed with the D1 agonist. Increases in locomotion, in alertness, indifference, fear, olfaction, @entity0 , @entity2 , limb flicking, and head shaking were recorded. @entity4 given to the same @entity1 , in a dose equimolar to 1.0 mg/kg of @entity5 , elicited behaviors that resembled those elicited by the latter drug, but of a lesser intensity and duration. The interval between the different treatments was approximately 2 months. These results show clearly that the D2 receptor is the main dopaminergic receptor involved in the mechanism of production of most of the behavioral effects produced by some of the dopaminergic agonist drugs like @entity4 .

title: Behavioral effects evoked by XXXX and @entity5 in adult @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was undertaken to characterize the clinical pictures of long-standing overload of the right ventricle and to investigate its hemodynamics. 1. @entity4 of the right ventricle was studied. Histopathological examinations were performed by biopsy in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Cell diameter was more widely distributed in the disease compared to the control. The range of distribution was more markedly scattered in @entity2 with @entity7 . Change in the ultra-fine structure was also more remarkable in @entity2 with than without pump failure. 2. @entity2 with impending @entity6 was discussed as an example of associated acquired disease. 3. The occurrence of @entity3 could be monitored with recently developed color Doppler method. A representative case of @entity2 and @entity3 was presented and discussed. 4. Right ventricular overloading associated with @entity8 was presented. The effects of @entity8 on @entity9 and @entity1 were examined. In these anomalies, development of pump failure and life-threatening @entity8 were serious problems in managing old @entity0 . In summary, histo-pathological examinations, monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure by Doppler echocardiography and management of @entity8 were necessary to evaluate prognosis of @entity5 in the elderly.

title: [Congenital XXXX with right ventricular overloading in the elderly].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A closed technique, using thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass and atriotomy, for cryosurgical ablation of the atrioventricular node-His bundle junction is described. The technique was used in 34 @entity0 selected from among 136 @entity0 with disabling @entity3 refractory to drug therapy in whom @entity2 was produced. After thoracotomy, four methods can be used to determine the site of cryoinstrument application: palpation of the internal anatomic landmarks, a "mechanical test," use of a cryoprobe, or recording of the His bundle electrogram. The cryoprocedure lasts 160 to 180 seconds at temperatures of -60 degrees to -80 degrees C and is repeated once or twice. Complete @entity2 was induced in 29 of the 34 @entity0 . @entity4 was terminated in 31. There were no operative deaths. The frequency of surgical complications was nearly three times lower than in the group of 77 @entity0 subjected to open cryodestruction of the @entity2 , and the length of hospital stay after the operation was an average of 4.7 days shorter. The follow-up for up to 6.5 years (mean 34 months) failed to show postoperative paroxysmal @entity1 or @entity1 in 31 @entity0 . In my opinion, this rather safe method for ablation of the @entity2 could be more widely used, especially if there are contraindications for extracorporeal circulation or if transvenous catheter ablation has failed.

title: Cryosurgical ablation of XXXX without extracorporeal circulation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The clinical value of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti- @entity6 IgM was evaluated by testing 202 sera from @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 (CAH), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity0 , primary @entity2 , HBsAg carrier, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), non-A, non-B (NANB) @entity1 and miscellaneous conditions other than @entity1 , and 19 additional various @entity1 cases were examined for anti-delta. In clinical situations the accurate diagnosis of @entity4 is not always possible and the differential diagnosis seems to be very important especially in making decisions of treatment and estimation of prognosis. In overall cases the highest positive rate of anti- @entity6 IgM was found in @entity4 as shown as 74.3% (26/35) comparing to other conditions in which the positive rate was extremely low (2.1%). The anti- @entity6 IgM appeared to be highly specific to @entity4 (83.9%) as compared to the other. The positive rate of HBsAg was high in @entity4 , CAH and HBsAg carrier (100.0%) followed by @entity3 , @entity0 and @entity4 (up to 70.8%). The ALT activities and ALPalb fractions were significantly high in @entity4 (p less than 0.005). The correlation between the positivity of anti- @entity6 IgM and highly abnormal ALT appeared be high. @entity4 was confined mostly to 10-20 age group and the male to female ratio was about 6 to 1. Subgroup of @entity4 II with positive anti- @entity6 IgM appeared to have a greater chance being positive for HBsAg and ALPalb. The S/N ratio of anti- @entity6 IgM was as high as 20 which was unique to @entity4 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anti- XXXX IgM and anti-delta screening by EIA method.

answer: @entity6


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histologic comparison of perineural tissues from @entity0 requiring decompression surgery for herniated @entity10 with those from cadaveric controls. OBJECTIVES: To examine the significance of herniated intervertebral-disc-associated perineural vascular and @entity7 with respect to @entity5 symptom generation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous cadaveric studies have demonstrated perineural @entity4 , dilatation, and @entity6 and perineural and intraneural @entity3 occurring in association with herniated @entity10 . It was suggested that these @entity9 were the result of @entity2 , due to @entity13 , and also represented a possible cause of ongoing @entity5 . Criticisms of such a conclusion arose, however, because the possibility could not be excluded that these abnormalities were the result of postmortem artifact. METHODS: Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison of discal and peridiscal tissues removed from 11 @entity0 with radiographically proven herniated @entity10 requiring decompressive surgery and from 6 fresh cadavers without history of @entity5 in life. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry of perineural and extraneural tissues from @entity0 revealed @entity4 , @entity11 , and endothelial abnormalities including luminal platelet adhesion, in association with @entity12 factor levels, together with perivascular and perineural @entity3 . Elevated fibrogenic cytokine concentrations were also detected in @entity0 ' tissues. These changes occurred without evidence of @entity1 and were absent in cadaveric control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4 detected in @entity0 may represent an important etiopathologic factor predisposing to intraneural and perineural @entity3 , and hence to @entity8 symptoms, after disc herniation. It seems important to preserve the perineural microcirculation following disc herniation.

title: Herniated XXXX -associated periradicular @entity3 and @entity4 occur without @entity1 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histologic comparison of perineural tissues from @entity0 requiring decompression surgery for herniated @entity10 with those from cadaveric controls. OBJECTIVES: To examine the significance of herniated intervertebral-disc-associated perineural vascular and @entity7 with respect to @entity5 symptom generation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous cadaveric studies have demonstrated perineural @entity4 , dilatation, and @entity6 and perineural and intraneural @entity3 occurring in association with herniated @entity10 . It was suggested that these @entity9 were the result of @entity2 , due to @entity13 , and also represented a possible cause of ongoing @entity5 . Criticisms of such a conclusion arose, however, because the possibility could not be excluded that these abnormalities were the result of postmortem artifact. METHODS: Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison of discal and peridiscal tissues removed from 11 @entity0 with radiographically proven herniated @entity10 requiring decompressive surgery and from 6 fresh cadavers without history of @entity5 in life. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry of perineural and extraneural tissues from @entity0 revealed @entity4 , @entity11 , and endothelial abnormalities including luminal platelet adhesion, in association with @entity12 factor levels, together with perivascular and perineural @entity3 . Elevated fibrogenic cytokine concentrations were also detected in @entity0 ' tissues. These changes occurred without evidence of @entity1 and were absent in cadaveric control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4 detected in @entity0 may represent an important etiopathologic factor predisposing to intraneural and perineural @entity3 , and hence to @entity8 symptoms, after disc herniation. It seems important to preserve the perineural microcirculation following disc herniation.

title: Herniated @entity10 -associated periradicular @entity3 and XXXX occur without @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histologic comparison of perineural tissues from @entity0 requiring decompression surgery for herniated @entity10 with those from cadaveric controls. OBJECTIVES: To examine the significance of herniated intervertebral-disc-associated perineural vascular and @entity7 with respect to @entity5 symptom generation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous cadaveric studies have demonstrated perineural @entity4 , dilatation, and @entity6 and perineural and intraneural @entity3 occurring in association with herniated @entity10 . It was suggested that these @entity9 were the result of @entity2 , due to @entity13 , and also represented a possible cause of ongoing @entity5 . Criticisms of such a conclusion arose, however, because the possibility could not be excluded that these abnormalities were the result of postmortem artifact. METHODS: Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison of discal and peridiscal tissues removed from 11 @entity0 with radiographically proven herniated @entity10 requiring decompressive surgery and from 6 fresh cadavers without history of @entity5 in life. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry of perineural and extraneural tissues from @entity0 revealed @entity4 , @entity11 , and endothelial abnormalities including luminal platelet adhesion, in association with @entity12 factor levels, together with perivascular and perineural @entity3 . Elevated fibrogenic cytokine concentrations were also detected in @entity0 ' tissues. These changes occurred without evidence of @entity1 and were absent in cadaveric control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4 detected in @entity0 may represent an important etiopathologic factor predisposing to intraneural and perineural @entity3 , and hence to @entity8 symptoms, after disc herniation. It seems important to preserve the perineural microcirculation following disc herniation.

title: Herniated @entity10 -associated periradicular XXXX and @entity4 occur without @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histologic comparison of perineural tissues from @entity0 requiring decompression surgery for herniated @entity10 with those from cadaveric controls. OBJECTIVES: To examine the significance of herniated intervertebral-disc-associated perineural vascular and @entity7 with respect to @entity5 symptom generation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous cadaveric studies have demonstrated perineural @entity4 , dilatation, and @entity6 and perineural and intraneural @entity3 occurring in association with herniated @entity10 . It was suggested that these @entity9 were the result of @entity2 , due to @entity13 , and also represented a possible cause of ongoing @entity5 . Criticisms of such a conclusion arose, however, because the possibility could not be excluded that these abnormalities were the result of postmortem artifact. METHODS: Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison of discal and peridiscal tissues removed from 11 @entity0 with radiographically proven herniated @entity10 requiring decompressive surgery and from 6 fresh cadavers without history of @entity5 in life. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry of perineural and extraneural tissues from @entity0 revealed @entity4 , @entity11 , and endothelial abnormalities including luminal platelet adhesion, in association with @entity12 factor levels, together with perivascular and perineural @entity3 . Elevated fibrogenic cytokine concentrations were also detected in @entity0 ' tissues. These changes occurred without evidence of @entity1 and were absent in cadaveric control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4 detected in @entity0 may represent an important etiopathologic factor predisposing to intraneural and perineural @entity3 , and hence to @entity8 symptoms, after disc herniation. It seems important to preserve the perineural microcirculation following disc herniation.

title: Herniated @entity10 -associated periradicular @entity3 and @entity4 occur without XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 and loss of multiple chromosomes are hallmarks of @entity1 , but whether these events are only present in malignant cells is not known. In prior work, we showed that approximately half of spontaneous autosomal mutants isolated directly from normal kidney epithelium arose from loss of a marker chromosome 8 containing the wild type @entity4 gene. Chromosome loss was detected by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for all chromosome 8 polymorphic loci examined. To determine whether @entity2 reflected a larger mitotic event, LOH was examined for polymorphic loci on 11 nonselected chromosomes in @entity4 mutants that lost the selected chromosome 8 homologue. LOH events were detected for one or more nonselected chromosomes in 38% of these mutants. The additional LOH events also reflected apparent chromosome loss based on the molecular analysis. Metaphase spreads from mutants that lost chromosome 8 were markedly aneuploid, and chromosome painting revealed reduced levels for any chromosome shown to be lost with the LOH analysis. In contrast, LOH on nonselected chromosomes was infrequent in @entity4 mutants exhibiting intragenic events or mitotic recombination for chromosome 8, and marked aneuploidy was absent. These observations suggest that the mechanism leading to chromosome loss in somatic @entity0 cells is often not a simple nondisjunction event and instead could result from a single catastrophic event. They also suggest that cells with characteristics of @entity1 are present in normal appearing tissue.

title: XXXX and loss of multiple chromosomes are common in autosomal mutants isolated from normal mouse kidney epithelium.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to determine the early and late results of placement of arterial bypass grafts in the treatment of chronic and acute @entity1 and to ascertain whether multiple grafts provide better late results than a single graft. METHODS: Records of 34 @entity0 who underwent mesenteric vascular graft placement were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All 21 @entity0 with chronic @entity1 had a history of @entity8 and @entity3 . Food fear was reported by 33% of @entity0 ; also, @entity2 in 57%, @entity9 in 29%, @entity13 in 19%, @entity1 or peptic ulcer in 19%, and elevation of liver enzymes in 22% were reported. Angiogram showed more than 50% @entity7 or occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in 100% of @entity0 , celiac artery in 90%, and inferior mesenteric artery in 90%. Although not described previously, a reduction in collateral flow from the internal iliac arteries was caused by severe @entity5 in 56% of @entity0 . There were no in-hospital deaths. The rate of survival at 1 year was 100%; at 2 years it was 93% +/- 6%, at 3 years 86% +/- 9%, at 5 years 79% +/- 11%, and at 10 years 50% +/- 15%. During follow-up, graft @entity6 occurred in three @entity0 . Of the @entity0 who underwent only a single SMA or celiac bypass, two of five died of @entity10 ; only one of 16 @entity0 who underwent both celiac and SMA bypass had to undergo a repeat surgical procedure because of graft occlusion. Three of 16 retrograde bypasses thrombosed, compared with zero of five prograde bypasses. In nine @entity0 who underwent placement of mesenteric bypass grafts because of acute @entity1 caused by acute mesenteric @entity6 , the early mortality rate was 22%; the two deaths were the result of @entity1 . The cumulative survival rate was 78% +/- 14% at 1 month, 65% +/- 17% at 1 year, and 52% +/- 16% at 5 years. One of the two late deaths was due to graft @entity6 and @entity10 . Three of four @entity0 who underwent concomitant mesenteric bypass at the time of @entity4 repair or aortobifemoral bypass survived the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: When chronic and acute @entity11 are diagnosed and treated with a bypass graft, the early and late results are good. Complete revascularization of the @entity12 or both and prograde bypass may reduce the risk of late @entity1 .

title: Mesenteric arterial bypass grafts: early and late results and suggested surgical approach for chronic and acute XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective study was to establish (1) whether @entity0 with @entity1 scheduled for carotid endarterectomy had an increased incidence of electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities during awake baseline recordings, (2) whether these symptoms and @entity4 predicted @entity2 EEG pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp, and (3) whether there was an association between age, presence of EEG baseline abnormalities, and @entity2 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. METHODS: We reviewed the medical record of each @entity0 scheduled to undergo carotid endarterectomy and recorded the @entity0 's age and history of previous @entity1 . We then continuously monitored and analyzed 16 channels of anteroposterior bipolar EEG and two of referential derivations from at least 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia and throughout the operation. RESULTS: We completed 394 consecutive studies. @entity1 were related to @entity4 in awake @entity0 (P < .001) and to EEG asymmetries in anesthetized @entity0 (P < .001). Abnormal awake EEG findings were associated with asymmetries after anesthesia (P < .0001). Twenty-eight percent of both symptomatic (70/249) and asymptomatic (41/145) @entity0 had EEG @entity2 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. Neither @entity1 nor @entity4 were associated with age or the development of EEG @entity2 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the strong association between a history of @entity5 and preoperative @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing carotid endarterectomy, @entity0 who have @entity3 or transient @entity2 events are at no greater risk of having EEG evidence of @entity5 during carotid artery cross-clamp than @entity0 without symptoms and with normal baseline EEGs. We conclude that preoperative @entity4 in symptomatic @entity0 are not due to age or to insufficiency of regional cerebral blood flow.

title: Preoperative cerebrovascular symptoms and XXXX do not predict @entity5 during carotid endarterectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective study was to establish (1) whether @entity0 with @entity1 scheduled for carotid endarterectomy had an increased incidence of electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities during awake baseline recordings, (2) whether these symptoms and @entity4 predicted @entity2 EEG pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp, and (3) whether there was an association between age, presence of EEG baseline abnormalities, and @entity2 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. METHODS: We reviewed the medical record of each @entity0 scheduled to undergo carotid endarterectomy and recorded the @entity0 's age and history of previous @entity1 . We then continuously monitored and analyzed 16 channels of anteroposterior bipolar EEG and two of referential derivations from at least 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia and throughout the operation. RESULTS: We completed 394 consecutive studies. @entity1 were related to @entity4 in awake @entity0 (P < .001) and to EEG asymmetries in anesthetized @entity0 (P < .001). Abnormal awake EEG findings were associated with asymmetries after anesthesia (P < .0001). Twenty-eight percent of both symptomatic (70/249) and asymptomatic (41/145) @entity0 had EEG @entity2 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. Neither @entity1 nor @entity4 were associated with age or the development of EEG @entity2 pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the strong association between a history of @entity5 and preoperative @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing carotid endarterectomy, @entity0 who have @entity3 or transient @entity2 events are at no greater risk of having EEG evidence of @entity5 during carotid artery cross-clamp than @entity0 without symptoms and with normal baseline EEGs. We conclude that preoperative @entity4 in symptomatic @entity0 are not due to age or to insufficiency of regional cerebral blood flow.

title: Preoperative cerebrovascular symptoms and @entity4 do not predict XXXX during carotid endarterectomy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of performing a laparoscopic @entity2 and to assess the urodynamic characteristics of an autoaugmented bladder. METHODS: Laparoscopic @entity2 was performed in 9 female @entity1 (20 to 30 kg). Following laparoscopic access to the peritoneal cavity, a midline @entity2 was performed using the @entity3 532 nm laser. This produced a large @entity2 . Changes in bladder volume and compliance were quantified over a 3-month period of follow-up. RESULTS: Urodynamic evaluation demonstrated an increase in bladder capacity 6 weeks postoperatively in 8 of 9 @entity1 , with an average volume increase of 45%. Bladder compliance improved in 7 of 9 @entity1 with an average increase in compliance of 67%. Three months postoperatively, bladder capacity remained increased in 5 of 9 @entity1 , with an average increase in volume of only 5.3%. An improvement in compliance was sustained in 5 of 9 animals with an average increase of 13.9%. Laparoscopic exploration revealed grossly normal bladders with adhesions of omentum to the seromyotomy site in all @entity1 and the anterior abdominal wall in 2 of 9 @entity1 . Histologically, the seromyotomy site was devoid of muscle with an intact urothelium and a proliferation of loose connective tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The technique of laparoscopic @entity2 can be performed easily in the @entity1 model. Although results at 6 weeks show significant improvement, the longer term, 3-month results were not statistically significant. This technique has the potential to offer a minimally invasive correction for @entity0 with low-capacity, high-pressure bladders that have failed pharmacologic treatment.

title: Laparoscopic laser-assisted XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) process visual information in a manner that is distinct from typically developing individuals. They may be less sensitive to @entity0 's goals and, more generally, focus on visual details instead of the entire scene. To examine these differences, @entity0 with and without @entity1 were asked to detect changes in dynamic scenes with multiple elements. @entity0 viewed a brief video of a @entity0 or an inanimate object (the "figure") moving from one object to another; after a delay, they reported whether a second video was the same or different. Possible changes included the figure, the object the figure was moving from, or the object the figure was moving toward (the "goal"). We hypothesized that individuals with @entity1 would be less sensitive to changes in scenes with @entity0 , particularly elements that might be the @entity0 's goal. Alternately, @entity0 with @entity1 might attend to fewer elements regardless of whether the scene included a @entity0 . Our results indicate that, like controls, @entity0 with @entity1 noticed a change in the "goal" object at the end of a @entity0 's movement more often than the object at the start. However, the group with @entity1 did not undergo the developmental improvement that was evident typically when detecting changes in both the start and end objects. This atypical development led to deficits in adults with @entity1 that were not specific to scenes with @entity0 or to "goals." Improvements in visual processing that underlie mature representation of scenes may not occur in @entity1 , suggesting that late developing brain processes are affected.

title: Deficits in adults with XXXX when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The case histories of 175 @entity0 with @entity4 were reviewed; there were 156 females and 19 males. Golden retrievers, labrador retrievers and Skye terriers appeared to be over-represented. Their median age when examined was 10 months, and the males were significantly older than the females. Fifty-six animals were affected bilaterally, 50 were affected on the left side alone and 69 on the right side alone. One hundred and twenty-two cases had other abnormalities and 67 had more than one; they included hydro-ureter, @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity2 of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Forty-one cases were not treated, and the other 134 were treated by ureteronephrectomy, extravesicular ureteric transplantation or intravesicular ureteric transplantation. One hundred and twelve cases were available for follow-up for a median period of over two years (range one month to 15 years). The response to surgery and the incidence of complications was similar after each method of treatment. Sixty-five of the 112 cases were cured of @entity1 and 26 were improved. The complication rate (14 per cent overall) was similar for each procedure although different types of complications occurred. @entity6 occurred most commonly after extravesicular transplantation and @entity7 occurred most commonly after intravesicular transplantation.

title: @entity0 XXXX : an analysis of 175 cases and comparison of surgical treatments.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The case histories of 175 @entity0 with @entity4 were reviewed; there were 156 females and 19 males. Golden retrievers, labrador retrievers and Skye terriers appeared to be over-represented. Their median age when examined was 10 months, and the males were significantly older than the females. Fifty-six animals were affected bilaterally, 50 were affected on the left side alone and 69 on the right side alone. One hundred and twenty-two cases had other abnormalities and 67 had more than one; they included hydro-ureter, @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity2 of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Forty-one cases were not treated, and the other 134 were treated by ureteronephrectomy, extravesicular ureteric transplantation or intravesicular ureteric transplantation. One hundred and twelve cases were available for follow-up for a median period of over two years (range one month to 15 years). The response to surgery and the incidence of complications was similar after each method of treatment. Sixty-five of the 112 cases were cured of @entity1 and 26 were improved. The complication rate (14 per cent overall) was similar for each procedure although different types of complications occurred. @entity6 occurred most commonly after extravesicular transplantation and @entity7 occurred most commonly after intravesicular transplantation.

title: XXXX @entity4 : an analysis of 175 cases and comparison of surgical treatments.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Advances made in the medical treatment of @entity4 have lead to a sharp decrease in the number of @entity0 who are referred for operative therapy. Today surgery may be indicated in @entity0 with chronic and recurrent @entity2 following failure of @entity3 eradication regimens and in @entity0 with no or reduced compliance. Laparoscopic vagotomy procedures may offer this select group of @entity0 an additional benefit and comfort, if their short-term and long-term results are comparable to those achieved following conventional open vagotomy. This is a prospective study on @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic vagotomy using two different adapted methods evaluating short-term clinical and functional results. From October 1991 through April 1994 8 @entity0 were studied. 3 @entity0 received an anterior seromyotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy (according to Taylor) and 5 @entity0 underwent anterior linear strip gastrectomy with posterior truncal vagotomy (according to Gomez-Ferrer and Morris). All @entity0 had gastroduodenoscopy, secretory analysis of basal acid output (BAO) and maximal acid output (MAO) and evaluation of their @entity3 status performed pre- and postoperatively. Median follow-up was 15 months. 5 @entity0 were completely asymptomatic, 2 @entity0 complained of mild bloating or reflux and 1 @entity0 had mild @entity1 up to 6 months postoperatively. None suffered an @entity2 recurrency. All remained @entity3 positive following surgery. Secretory analysis of acid production showed a 50-70% drop in BAO and MAO after vagotomy. Both vagotomy procedures described have been specifically adapted and are well suited for a laparoscopic approach. They are expedient and easy to employ. As clinical and functional data demonstrate they achieve short-term results comparable to those seen after conventional surgery.

title: [Technique and results of laparoscopic vagotomy in chronic duodenal XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The clinical effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BOTOX) were studied in @entity0 with @entity1 . Clinical symptoms were evaluated with Jankovic's rating scale, widely used for @entity1 . To see dose response, eyelid muscle force of the @entity0 was measured with a device recently developed for measurement of eyelid muscle force. The results showed significant improvement (p = 0.0000) on Jankovic's rating scale in all @entity0 groups after effective dose injections of 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5 U/site. Particularly the number of @entity0 with marked improvement (decrease of six points or more in total score on Jankovic's rating scale) increased with higher dose injections. The eyelid muscle force also decreased by 33.2 +/- 28.1%, 41.7 +/- 25.1%, and 69.6 +/- 5.0% in @entity0 groups after effective dose injections of 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5 U/site, respectively. The decrease of the eyelid muscle force showed significant dose response (p = 0.0254). Mean duration of effect was 12.9 weeks in @entity0 after effective dose injections of 1.25 U/site, which was significantly longer (p = 0.0205) than that of 9.6 weeks in @entity0 after effective dose injections of 0.5 U/site. No severe adverse effects were observed. We concluded that BOTOX injections of 1.25 U/site or more are a safe and effective treatment of @entity1 .

title: [Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) for treatment of XXXX : an open label, dose-response study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 undergoing transthoracic echocardiography often have @entity3 and may be at risk for the development of @entity5 . We therefore examined the abdominal aorta by ultrasound in 323 consecutive @entity0 undergoing routine two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography over a 6-month period. Measurements were made of aortic length (diaphragm to most caudal portion visualized) and maximum diameter. The study group comprised 169 @entity0 and 154 @entity0 with an average age of 57 +/- 19 years (range 13 to 94). The abdominal aorta was imaged in 265 (82%) @entity0 . The average aortic length visualized was 13.0 +/- 4.6 cm, the average diameter 1.7 +/- 0.4 cm, and the time required for screening < 5 minutes. Seven (3%) @entity0 were identified as having abdominal aortas > or = 2.5 cm in diameter: 1 with an @entity2 measuring 6.7 cm in diameter and 6 with mild dilatations measuring 2.5 to 3.0 cm in diameter. One of the @entity0 with mild @entity1 was subsequently found to have an @entity2 measuring 3.5 cm in diameter. @entity1 was associated with male gender (p = 0.0006) and older age (p = 0.05) but was not associated with a history of @entity4 (p = 0.16). From these results, we conclude that screening for @entity5 in @entity0 undergoing transthoracic echocardiography is practical and clinically useful. Only a small number of these @entity0 are identified as having @entity2 , but the low cost and brief time required suggest that routine screening in this population may be worthwhile.

title: Screening for XXXX during transthoracic echocardiography.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: this study was undertaken to determine the validity and reliability of the physical examination tests commonly used to measure @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 who are able to walk. METHODS: thirty-six consecutive @entity0 (twenty-two male and fourteen female @entity0 ), with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 9.8    3.9 years, who had @entity1 (level I, II, or III on the Gross Motor Function Classification System) and thirty-seven @entity0 without @entity1 (nineteen male and eighteen female subjects), with a mean age of 10.0    3.0 years, were enrolled prospectively for this study. @entity2 was determined by three physical examination tests: the Thomas test, the prone hip extension test (the Staheli test), and the hamstring shift test. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed in all subjects. The interobserver reliabilities of the three physical examination tests were determined with use of three observers. Convergent validity was assessed by evaluating the relationships between the findings on physical examination and kinematic and kinetic gait variables (maximum hip extension during stance and hip flexor index) and three-dimensional modeled psoas lengths. RESULTS: the Thomas test showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.501 in @entity0 and 0.207 in controls) and the smallest mean absolute difference (5.8   in @entity0 and 1.2   in controls). The Staheli test was found to be the most valid method in the @entity0 group (r = 0.568 with hip flexor index), whereas the Thomas test was the most valid in the control group (r = 0.526 with maximum hip extension in stance, and r = 0.532 with the hip flexor index). The hamstring shift test had the lowest intraclass correlation coefficient and the lowest convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: while the Thomas test showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient and the smallest mean absolute difference, the Staheli test was the most valid method for detecting @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . Although the Staheli test cannot be used for intraoperative assessment, we recommend that this test be included in preoperative physical examinations to determine the role of a @entity2 in the abnormal gait of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Reliability of physical examination in the measurement of @entity2 and correlation with gait parameters in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: this study was undertaken to determine the validity and reliability of the physical examination tests commonly used to measure @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 who are able to walk. METHODS: thirty-six consecutive @entity0 (twenty-two male and fourteen female @entity0 ), with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 9.8    3.9 years, who had @entity1 (level I, II, or III on the Gross Motor Function Classification System) and thirty-seven @entity0 without @entity1 (nineteen male and eighteen female subjects), with a mean age of 10.0    3.0 years, were enrolled prospectively for this study. @entity2 was determined by three physical examination tests: the Thomas test, the prone hip extension test (the Staheli test), and the hamstring shift test. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed in all subjects. The interobserver reliabilities of the three physical examination tests were determined with use of three observers. Convergent validity was assessed by evaluating the relationships between the findings on physical examination and kinematic and kinetic gait variables (maximum hip extension during stance and hip flexor index) and three-dimensional modeled psoas lengths. RESULTS: the Thomas test showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.501 in @entity0 and 0.207 in controls) and the smallest mean absolute difference (5.8   in @entity0 and 1.2   in controls). The Staheli test was found to be the most valid method in the @entity0 group (r = 0.568 with hip flexor index), whereas the Thomas test was the most valid in the control group (r = 0.526 with maximum hip extension in stance, and r = 0.532 with the hip flexor index). The hamstring shift test had the lowest intraclass correlation coefficient and the lowest convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: while the Thomas test showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient and the smallest mean absolute difference, the Staheli test was the most valid method for detecting @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . Although the Staheli test cannot be used for intraoperative assessment, we recommend that this test be included in preoperative physical examinations to determine the role of a @entity2 in the abnormal gait of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Reliability of physical examination in the measurement of XXXX and correlation with gait parameters in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the excursion of interventricular septum (IVS) in @entity0 after repair of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a marker of interventricular interaction, and assess its association with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV septal wall thickening, and LV @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The HIPAA-compliant protocol received institutional board review approval. IVS excursion was measured at cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 82 @entity0 after repair of @entity2 and in 10 healthy volunteers. IVS excursion was correlated with LV ejection fraction, LV septal wall thickening, and LV delayed @entity3 enhancement. Independent predictors of reduced LV ejection fraction were identified, including significant univariable predictors with use of a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: IVS excursion was greater in @entity0 than in healthy volunteers (5.3 mm    3.1 vs 1.2 mm    0.4, P < .01). @entity0 (n = 68) with abnormal excursion of the IVS had reduced LV ejection fraction (57%    7 vs 61%    4, P < .01) and reduced LV septal wall thickening (24%    10 vs 29%    5, P = .01) compared with @entity0 with normal IVS excursion. @entity4 (odds ratio = 1.27 per millimeter, P = .03) and right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (odds ratio = 0.92 per percentage, P = .031) were independent predictors of reduced LV ejection fraction (<55%). Among the 44 @entity0 with delayed enhancement images, those with abnormal excursion of the IVS had higher LV delayed enhancement scores (median, 1.5 [interquartile range, 0-2] vs 0 [interquartile range, 0-0]; P < .01] than @entity0 with normal IVS excursion. Notably, in all but one @entity0 the delayed enhancement was located at the RV-LV hinge points. CONCLUSION: Abnormal IVS excursion after repair of @entity2 is associated with reduced global and septal LV systolic function and LV @entity1 at the RV-LV hinge points, suggesting a mechanism of adverse interventricular interaction.

title: Tetralogy of Fallot: impact of the excursion of the interventricular septum on left ventricular systolic function and XXXX after surgical repair.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is associated with @entity5 resistance (IR). Prior studies have found that in individuals with @entity2 , leptin is associated with fat mass but resistin is not and the associations with @entity3 are conflicting. This suggests that the mechanism and factors associated with IR in @entity2 may differ. METHODS: Of the 2418 individuals without reported @entity0 at baseline, participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, a study in older individuals aged 70-79 years, 15.6% had @entity2 defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) based on cystatin C. IR was defined as the upper quartile of the homeostasis model assessment. The association of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat, percent body fat, muscle fat, lipids, inflammatory markers and @entity3 were tested with logistic regression. Interactions were checked to assess whether the factors associated with IR were different in those with and without @entity2 . RESULTS: Individuals with IR had a lower eGFR (80.7    20.9 versus 75.6    19.6, P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, eGFR (odds ratio per 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2) 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.98) and @entity2 (1.41, 1.04-1.92) remained independently associated with IR. In individuals with and without @entity2 , the significant predictors of IR were male sex, black race, higher visceral fat, abdominal subcutaneous fat and @entity4 . In individuals without @entity2 , IR was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein and current nonsmoking status in multivariate analysis. In contrast, among individuals with @entity2 , @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was independently associated with IR. There was a significant interaction of eGFR with race and @entity1 with a trend for adionectin but no significant interactions with @entity2 (P > 0.1). In the fully adjusted model, there was a trend for an interaction with @entity3 for eGFR (P = 0.08) and significant for @entity2 (P = 0.04 ), where @entity3 was associated with IR in those without @entity2 but not in those with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In mainly Stage 3 @entity2 , kidney function is associated with IR; except for @entity3 , the correlates of IR are similar in those with and without @entity2 .

title: Correlates of XXXX resistance in older individuals with and without kidney disease.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite significant advances in neurosurgical techniques, the median survival time of @entity0 with @entity3 has improved little over the past 50 years and remains less than one year. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is presently established as a widely accepted modality for the treatment of a variety of solid @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of PDT-Photogem(  ) on five @entity2 cell lines (U87, U138, U251, U343, and T98G). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in 25-cm(3) flasks with different groups of cells seeded at a density of 1   *   10(5) cells per flask. After 3   h, the medium was removed, and the cells were incubated for 4   h with Photogem (5    g/mL). After the incubation time, the photosensitizer-containing medium was removed and the cells were irradiated with LED (630   nm, 25   mW/cm(2), 25   J/cm(2)) devices for 17   min. For the final steps of the PDT, the cells were returned to the incubator and kept at 37  C with 5% @entity4 for 24   h, the cell viability assay was assessed using the trypan blue method, and the expression of @entity5 mRNA levels was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Upon PDT-Photogem(  ) treatment, viable cells, as evaluated by the @entity6 dye-exclusion method, decreased in two cell lines (U87 and U138) but not in the other three. Apoptosis, as assessed by the expression of @entity5 mRNA levels, was at least partly involved in the death mechanism of the cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our results indicated that PDT-Photogem(  ) can act in @entity2 cells, thus encouraging new experiments in this field.

title: Apoptosis in XXXX cells treated with PDT.

answer: @entity2