abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the impact on histologic and behavioral outcome of an interval of retrograde cerebral perfusion after @entity6 , comparing retrograde cerebral perfusion with and without @entity3 with continued antegrade perfusion. METHODS: Sixty Yorkshire @entity7 (27 to 30 kg) were randomly assigned to the following groups: antegrade cerebral perfusion control; antegrade cerebral perfusion after @entity5 ; retrograde cerebral perfusion control; retrograde cerebral perfusion after @entity5 ; retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 , retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 control, and retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 after @entity5 . After cooling to 20 degrees C, a bolus of 200 mg of @entity4 microspheres 250 to 750 (microm diameter (or saline solution) was injected into the isolated aortic arch. After 5 minutes of antegrade cerebral perfusion, 25 minutes of antegrade cerebral perfusion, retrograde cerebral perfusion, or retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 was instituted. After the operation, all animals underwent daily assessment of neurologic status until the time of @entity2 on day 7. RESULTS: Aortic arch return, cerebral vascular resistance, and @entity0 extraction data during retrograde cerebral perfusion showed differences, suggesting that more effective flow occurs during retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 , which also resulted in more pronounced fluid sequestration. Microsphere recovery from the brain revealed significantly fewer emboli after retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 . Behavioral scores showed full recovery in all but one control animal (after retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 ) by day 7 but were considerably lower after @entity5 , with no significant differences between groups. The extent of @entity1 was not significantly different among embolized groups. Although no histopathologic lesions were present in either the antegrade cerebral perfusion control group or the retrograde cerebral perfusion control group, mild significant @entity8 occurred after retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 even in control animals. CONCLUSIONS: Although effective washout of particulate emboli from the brain can be achieved with retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 , no advantage of retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 after @entity5 is seen from behavioral scores, electroencephalographic recovery, or histopathologic examination; retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 results in greater fluid sequestration and mild @entity1 even in control animals. Retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity3 shows clear promise in the management of @entity5 , but further refinements must be sought to address its still worrisome potential for harm.

title: Can retrograde perfusion mitigate cerebral injury after particulate XXXX ? A study in a chronic porcine model.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now widely applied in hospitals throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Iatrogenic @entity2 occurs rarely. It is a serious complication with long term consequences on @entity0 . This paper describes our experience in dealing with this complication and the eventual outcome of the @entity0 . METHODS: Between July 1993 and December 1999, 17 @entity0 with high @entity2 were referred to the Hepatobiliary Unit of King Khalid University Hospital and King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. Their charts were reviewed retrospectively. Once a @entity0 was referred, a clinical evaluation with particular attention to the presence of @entity1 was made. The anatomy of biliary duct was then delineated. Corrective surgery was attempted through hepaticojejunostomy. Follow up was at least 3 years in all cases. RESULTS: There were 15 females and 2 males with an average age of 37 years. Eleven @entity0 presented with @entity2 and 6 had a stricture following an attempted repair. Five @entity0 had Bismuth type E2 injury and the rest were higher (E3, @entity5 ). Re-stricture occurred in 7 @entity0 , 3 of them had concomitant @entity3 . All responded to radiological manipulati CONCLUSION: High @entity2 following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a devastating complication, with a high rate of recurrence after repair. Care of such @entity0 should be carried out in a specialized unit with a strict follow up to try to avoid end stage @entity4 requiring liver transplantation.

title: High XXXX following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 susceptibility among 800 clinical Candida isolates (60% @entity2 ) and two control strains (C. krusei ATCC 6258 and @entity3 @entity3 ) was tested with the NCCLS M27-A method (gold standard) and six commercial products (Candifast, disk, Etest, Fungitest, Integral System @entity0 , and Sensititre YeastOne). Results were classified as susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, or resistant using M27-A breakpoints or, for Fungitest, Integral System @entity0 , and Candifast, as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Concordance with NCCLS M27-A results was analyzed with the chi(2) test. Intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility was also evaluated. NCCLS M27-A (90.1%), Etest (93.1%), Sensititre YeastOne (93.1%), disk (96.7%), Fungitest (92.6%), Integral System @entity0 (40.6%), and Candifast (6.0%) classified the indicated percentages of @entity2 isolates as susceptible. Among non- @entity2 strains, the percentages of susceptible isolates were as follows: NCCLS M27-A, 74.0%; Etest, 83.8%; Sensititre YeastOne, 64.1%; disk, 60.6%; Fungitest, 76.6%; Integral System @entity0 , 28.3%; and Candifast, 27.4%. All methods except Candifast and Integral System @entity0 showed good agreement with NCCLS M27-A results for both @entity2 and non- @entity2 isolates. Intralaboratory reproducibility was excellent for NCCLS M27-A, Etest, Sensititre YeastOne, disk, and Fungitest (88 to 91%). Similar results emerged from the interlaboratory reproducibility evaluation. Our findings indicate that some commercial methods can be useful for @entity1 susceptibility testing of clinical Candida isolates. Those characterized by a lack of medium standardization and/or objective interpretative criteria should be avoided. Particular caution is necessary when testing is being done for clinical and epidemiological purposes.

title: Multicenter comparative evaluation of six commercial systems and the national committee for clinical laboratory standards m27-a broth microdilution method for XXXX susceptibility testing of Candida species.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The clinical and complete pathological response of a primary @entity0 to chemotherapy has been shown to be an important prognostic for survival. However, the majority of @entity1 do not experience a complete pathological response to primary chemotherapy and the significance of lesser degrees of histological response is uncertain and the prognostic significance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new histological grading system to assess response of @entity0 to primary chemotherapy and to determine if such a system has prognostic value.A consecutive series of 176 @entity1 with large (> or =4cm) and locally advanced @entity0 were treated with multimodality therapy comprising primary chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and @entity3 . All underwent assessment of the primary @entity0 before and after completion of chemotherapy. @entity2 was excised after completion of chemotherapy (mastectomy or wide local excision with axillary surgery). The removed tissue was assessed and response to chemotherapy graded using a five-point histological grading system based with the fundamental feature being a reduction in @entity2 cellularity; comparison being made with a pre-treatment core biopsy. All @entity1 were followed up for 5 years or more. Pathological responses were compared to 5 year overall survival and disease-free survival using log rank tests. The overall 5-year survival for all @entity1 was 71%, and 5 year disease free interval was 60%. There was a significant correlation between pathological response using this new grading system and both overall survival (P=0.02) and disease-free interval (P=0.04). In a multivariate analysis of known prognostic factors, the Miller/Payne grading system was an independent predictor of overall @entity1 survival. This grading system, which assesses the histological response to primary chemotherapy, can predict overall survival and disease-free interval in @entity1 with large and locally advanced @entity0 treated with such therapy. The relationship of degree of histological response to overall and disease-free survival has been shown in univariate and multivariate analyses and could potentially have an important role in the clinical management of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 undergoing primary chemotherapy.

title: A new histological grading system to assess response of XXXX to primary chemotherapy: prognostic significance and survival.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cultured fibroblasts possess a characteristic polarized phenotype manifested by an elongate cell body with an anterior lamella whose cell edge is divided into protrusion-forming and inactive zones. Disruption of the fibroblast microtubule cytoskeleton leads to an increase in Rho-dependent acto- @entity0 contractile activity and concomitant loss of structural polarity. The functional relationship of @entity0 -driven contractile activity to loss of fibroblast anterior-posterior polarity is unknown. To dissect the roles of microtubule assembly and of Rho-dependent contractility on structural polarization of cells, polarized fibroblasts and nonpolarized epitheliocytes were treated with the microtubule-depolymerizing drug, @entity1 , and/or the Rho kinase inhibitor, @entity2 . Fibroblasts incubated with @entity2 increased their degree of polarization by developing a highly elongate cell body with multiple narrow processes extended from the edges of the cell. Treatment of fibroblasts with @entity1 , alone or in combination with Rho kinase inhibitor, produced discoid or polygonal cells having broad, flattened lamellae that did not form long lamellar extensions. Single cultured epitheliocytes of the IAR-2 line do not display anterior-posterior polarization. When treated with @entity2 , the cells acquired a polarized, elongate shape with narrow protrusions and wide lamellas. @entity1 alone or in combination with @entity2 did not change the discoid shape of epitheliocytes, however treatment with @entity2 produced thinning of the lamellar cytoplasm. We conclude that microtubules provide the necessary framework for polarization of fibroblasts and epitheliocytes, whereas Rho-regulated contractility modulates the degree of polarization of fibroblasts and completely inhibits polarization in epitheliocytes.

title: Mechanisms of polarization of the shape of fibroblasts and epitheliocytes: Separation of the roles of microtubules and Rho-dependent actin- XXXX contractility.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess changes in levels of clinical @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 in relation to phases of the menstrual cycle. @entity5 cases were 35 @entity0 not using oral contraceptives (OCs); 35 @entity0 using OCs; and 21 @entity0 . Controls were 35 normally cycling @entity0 without @entity5 or other @entity4 . Subjects kept daily diaries over three menstrual cycles, reporting average and @entity1 , general and @entity3 . Data were subject-centered and de-trended using the residuals from a random-effects linear regression model. To test for cyclic variation, cycles were standardized to 28 days and data were grouped into 9 periods/cycle (Days 1-3, 4-6, em leader, 22-24, 25-28). Overall levels of average @entity1 , @entity1 and symptoms did not differ across @entity5 subject groups. For @entity1 , multivariate analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference across 3-day periods for normally cycling @entity0 with @entity5 (P=0.011) and for @entity0 using OCs (P=0.017). In both groups, @entity1 levels rose toward the end of the cycle and peaked during menstruation. In @entity0 not using OCs, there was a secondary @entity1 peak at Days 13-15, around the time of ovulation. This peak was not seen in @entity0 using OCs. There was no statistically significant difference over time periods for @entity0 (P=0.94). Similar patterns were found for average @entity1 , as well as PMS symptoms and general somatic symptoms. These results suggest that @entity1 in @entity0 is highest at times of lowest @entity2 , but rapid @entity2 change may also be associated with @entity1 .

title: Changes in @entity5 XXXX and other symptoms across the menstrual cycle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess changes in levels of clinical @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 in relation to phases of the menstrual cycle. @entity5 cases were 35 @entity0 not using oral contraceptives (OCs); 35 @entity0 using OCs; and 21 @entity0 . Controls were 35 normally cycling @entity0 without @entity5 or other @entity4 . Subjects kept daily diaries over three menstrual cycles, reporting average and @entity1 , general and @entity3 . Data were subject-centered and de-trended using the residuals from a random-effects linear regression model. To test for cyclic variation, cycles were standardized to 28 days and data were grouped into 9 periods/cycle (Days 1-3, 4-6, em leader, 22-24, 25-28). Overall levels of average @entity1 , @entity1 and symptoms did not differ across @entity5 subject groups. For @entity1 , multivariate analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference across 3-day periods for normally cycling @entity0 with @entity5 (P=0.011) and for @entity0 using OCs (P=0.017). In both groups, @entity1 levels rose toward the end of the cycle and peaked during menstruation. In @entity0 not using OCs, there was a secondary @entity1 peak at Days 13-15, around the time of ovulation. This peak was not seen in @entity0 using OCs. There was no statistically significant difference over time periods for @entity0 (P=0.94). Similar patterns were found for average @entity1 , as well as PMS symptoms and general somatic symptoms. These results suggest that @entity1 in @entity0 is highest at times of lowest @entity2 , but rapid @entity2 change may also be associated with @entity1 .

title: Changes in XXXX @entity1 and other symptoms across the menstrual cycle.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 synthase (EC 2.3.1.37) is the first enzyme in the @entity4 biosynthesis in nonplant eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. It functions as a homodimer and requires @entity6 as an essential cofactor. Tyr-121 is a conserved residue in all known sequences of @entity7 synthases. Further, it corresponds to Tyr-70 of @entity2 @entity1 aminotransferase, which has been shown to interact with the cofactor and prevent the dissociation of the cofactor from the enzyme. To test whether Tyr-121 is involved in cofactor binding in @entity0 erythroid @entity7 synthase, Tyr-121 of @entity0 erythroid @entity7 synthase was substituted by @entity3 and His using site-directed mutagenesis. The @entity8 mutant retained 36% of the wild-type activity and the Km value for substrate @entity5 increased 34-fold, while the activity of the @entity9 mutant decreased to 5% of the wild-type activity and the Km value for @entity5 increased fivefold. The pKa1 values in the pH-activity profiles of the wild-type and mutant enzymes were 6.41, 6.54, and 6.65 for wild-type, @entity8 , and @entity9 , respectively. The UV-visible and CD spectra of @entity8 and @entity9 mutants were similar to those of the wild-type with the exception of an absorption maximum shift (420 --> 395 nm) for the @entity8 mutant in the visible spectrum region, suggesting that the cofactor binds the @entity8 mutant enzyme in a more unrestrained manner. @entity8 and @entity9 mutant enzymes also exhibited lower affinity than the wild-type for the cofactor, reflected in the Kd values for @entity6 (26.5, 6.75, and 1.78 microM for @entity8 , @entity9 , and the wild-type, respectively). Further, @entity8 and @entity9 proved less thermostable than the wild type. Taken together, these findings indicate that Tyr-121 plays a critical role in cofactor binding of @entity0 erythroid @entity7 synthase.

title: The role of tyrosine 121 in cofactor binding of XXXX synthase.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since anesthetics are widely used in critically ill @entity0 , this study investigates anesthetic effects on neutrophil and monocyte function concerning bacterial elimination in @entity0 whole blood. METHODS: The effects of thiopental (20 and 200 microg/ml), @entity3 (5 and 50 microg/ml), @entity2 (0.15 and 1.5 microg/ml) and @entity4 (3 and 30 microg/ml) on elimination of @entity1 ( @entity1 from whole blood were investigated in vitro after incubation for 1 h in both clinical (1) (n=10) and 10-fold higher (h) (n=11) concentrations. These data were compared to neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis (1; n=6) and burst activity (1; n=10, h; n=11), measured by flow cytometry. To enable quantification of the clearance process, a defined number of 10(5) colony forming units of @entity1 were added to the blood assays and bacterial growth was determined. RESULTS: All anesthetics delayed bacterial clearance from the blood in the 10-fold concentration (P<0.05). Thiopental (1+h) and @entity3 (h) suppressed neutrophil (59+/-3% and 38+/-6%) and monocytic (45+/-6% and 30+/-11%) oxidative burst (P<0.01). Phagocytosis was reduced even after @entity3 (1) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) (34+/-9%; P<0.05) and monocytes (35+/-11%). @entity4 (h) prolonged bacterial elimination (P<0.01), which did correlate with inhibition of monocytic phagocytosis, by 26+/-14%. @entity2 application (h) resulted in an inhibition of PMN-respiratory burst by 19+/-6% (P<0.05) and impaired bacterial clearance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Thiopental, @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity4 affect @entity1 clearance and neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst and phagocytosis in vitro only in high concentrations, while thiopental inhibited monocytic burst and @entity3 impaired PMN phagocytosis even in clinically used concentrations. These data suggest that i.v. anesthetics in concentrations recommended for general anesthesia seem to have minor influence on the investigated host defense mechanisms.

title: Effects of intravenous anesthetics on bacterial elimination in XXXX blood in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes involves the activation of an organized system of @entity0 -related genes, of which those encoding CCAAT/enhancer  -binding proteins  (C/EBPs) and the @entity8 protein may play integral roles. In a previous study of ours, we found that a specific peptide found in tuna (sequence D  -I  -V  -D  -K  -I  -E  -I; termed TP  -D) inhibited 3T3  -L1 cell differentiation. In the present study, we observed that the expression of expression of C/EBPs and @entity8 was associated with @entity0 . The initial step of 3T3  -L1 cell differentiation involved the upregulation of @entity7  -a expression, which in turn activated various subfactors. An upstream effector of @entity6  ( @entity6 ) inhibited @entity8 expression in 3T3  -L1 adipocytes. In a previous study of ours, we sequenced the tuna peptide via @entity5 - @entity4 gel electrophoresis  ( @entity1  -PAGE) and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry  (Q-TOF MS/MS) and confirmed the anti  - @entity0 effects thereof in 3T3  -L1 adipocytes. In the present study, we demonstrate that TP  -D inhibits @entity7 and promotes @entity8 mRNA expression, thus activating the Wnt pathway. The inhibition of lipid accumulation was measured using a @entity3 and @entity2  (TG) assay. Our results confirmed that TP  -D altered the expression levels of @entity7  -related genes in a dose  -dependent manner and activated the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, we confirmed that total adiponectin and high  -molecular weight  (HMW) adiponectin levels were reduced by treatment with TP  -D. These data indicate that TP  -D inhibits adipocyte differentiation through the inhibition of @entity7 genes and the subsequent activation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway.

title: The anti- XXXX effects of a tuna peptide on 3T3-L1  adipocytes are mediated by the inhibition of the expression of lipogenic and adipogenic genes and by the activation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The single-injection axillary block is rapidly performed but gives unpredictable results. @entity1 by multiple nerve stimulation technique (MNS) gives better results, but takes longer to perform. Transarterial (TA) injections of high doses of local anaesthetics are very successful. This double-blind study compared both block effectiveness and anaesthesiologic time consumption in 100 @entity0 , having an axillary block by either TA or MNS techniques. METHODS: 45 mL of 1% @entity4 with @entity3 5 microg/mL was used in each @entity0 . Five mL was injected subcutaneously. In the TA group, 20 mL was injected deep to, and 20 mL superficial to the axillary artery. In the MNS group, four terminal motor nerves were electrolocated in the axilla, and injected with 10 mL each. @entity2 was assessed every 10 min and when needed supplemented after 30 min. The block was considered successful when analgesia was present in all sensory nerve areas distal to the elbow. RESULTS: MNS group required 10+/-2 min (mean+/-1 SD) for the @entity1 performance compared with 7+/-2 min for TA group, P<0.001. Latency of the @entity1 was shorter and the frequency of supplemental analgesia lower in the MNS group (mean 17 min and 12%), than in the TA group (25 min and 38%, respectively), P<0.001. All incomplete @entity1 were successfully supplemented by electrolocating the unblocked nerves. However, the total time to obtain 100% success rate was shorter in the MNS group (30 min), than in the TA group (38 min), P<0.001. The adverse effects (accidental intravascular injections and axillary haematomas) were fewer in the MNS group. CONCLUSION: In the hands of anaesthetists experienced in nerve electrolocation, the MNS technique of an initial axillary block by four separate injections of 10 mL of @entity4 produces faster and more extensive block than the TA technique by two separate injections of 20 mL. Hence, the MNS technique requires fewer @entity1 and results in faster @entity0 readiness for surgery than the TA technique.

title: Comparison of transarterial and multiple nerve stimulation techniques for an initial axillary block by 45 mL of XXXX 1% with adrenaline.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity2 of a non @entity6 -based triplet including @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN) in advanced @entity7 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity7 @entity0 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity1 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity9 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity8 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity0 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity0 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity0 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity0 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity0 4 (range 1-6). @entity2 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity11 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity5 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity4 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity11 were reported and three @entity0 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity3 was reported. Non-haematological @entity2 , including @entity13 , @entity12 and @entity10 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity6 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity7 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity11 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity6 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity7 and further studies with this @entity6 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity6 -based triplet in advanced @entity7 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity2 of a non @entity6 -based triplet including @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN) in advanced @entity7 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity7 @entity0 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity1 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity9 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity8 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity0 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity0 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity0 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity0 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity0 4 (range 1-6). @entity2 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity11 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity5 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity4 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity11 were reported and three @entity0 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity3 was reported. Non-haematological @entity2 , including @entity13 , @entity12 and @entity10 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity6 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity7 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity11 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity6 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity7 and further studies with this @entity6 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity6 -based triplet in advanced XXXX ( @entity7 ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity2 of a non @entity6 -based triplet including @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN) in advanced @entity7 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity7 @entity0 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity1 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity9 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity8 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity0 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity0 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity0 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity0 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity0 4 (range 1-6). @entity2 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity11 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity5 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity4 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity11 were reported and three @entity0 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity3 was reported. Non-haematological @entity2 , including @entity13 , @entity12 and @entity10 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity6 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity7 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity11 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity6 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity7 and further studies with this @entity6 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity1 , XXXX and @entity8 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity6 -based triplet in advanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ).

answer: @entity9


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity2 of a non @entity6 -based triplet including @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN) in advanced @entity7 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity7 @entity0 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity1 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity9 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity8 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity0 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity0 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity0 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity0 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity0 4 (range 1-6). @entity2 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity11 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity5 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity4 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity11 were reported and three @entity0 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity3 was reported. Non-haematological @entity2 , including @entity13 , @entity12 and @entity10 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity6 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity7 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity11 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity6 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity7 and further studies with this @entity6 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity1 , @entity9 and XXXX (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity6 -based triplet in advanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ).

answer: @entity8


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity2 of a non @entity6 -based triplet including @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN) in advanced @entity7 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity7 @entity0 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity1 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity9 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity8 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity0 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity0 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity0 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity0 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity0 4 (range 1-6). @entity2 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity11 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity5 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity4 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity11 were reported and three @entity0 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity3 was reported. Non-haematological @entity2 , including @entity13 , @entity12 and @entity10 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity6 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity7 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity11 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity6 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity7 and further studies with this @entity6 -free combination are warranted.

title: XXXX , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity6 -based triplet in advanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity2 of a non @entity6 -based triplet including @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN) in advanced @entity7 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity7 @entity0 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity1 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity9 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity8 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity0 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity0 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity0 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity0 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity0 4 (range 1-6). @entity2 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity11 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity5 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity4 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity11 were reported and three @entity0 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity3 was reported. Non-haematological @entity2 , including @entity13 , @entity12 and @entity10 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity6 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity7 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity11 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity6 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity7 and further studies with this @entity6 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity8 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- XXXX -based triplet in advanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ).

answer: @entity6


abstract: Gammadelta T lymphocytes are involved in a great variety of inflammatory and infectious responses. However, the mechanisms by which gammadelta T lymphocytes migrate to inflamed sites are poorly understood. In this study we investigate the role of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in regulating gammadelta T cell migration after @entity2 or @entity7 bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) challenge. @entity2 -induced gammadelta T cell influx was significantly inhibited by either pretreatment with @entity3 or @entity8 Lister 35-kDa chemokine binding protein, vCKBP, a CC chemokine neutralizing protein, suggesting a role for CC chemokines in this phenomenon. @entity2 stimulation increased the expression of @entity5 mRNA and protein at the @entity1 site within 6 h. It is noteworthy that @entity2 was unable to increase @entity5 production or gammadelta T cell recruitment in C3H/HeJ, indicative of the involvement of @entity6 . Gammadelta T cells express @entity9 @entity9 . Pretreatment with anti- @entity5 mAb drastically inhibited @entity2 -induced in vivo gammadelta T cell mobilization. Indeed, @entity5 knockout @entity0 were unable to recruit gammadelta T cells to the @entity4 after @entity2 stimulation, effect that could be restored by coadministration of @entity5 . In addition, BCG-induced gammadelta lymphocyte accumulation was significantly reduced in @entity5 knockout @entity0 when compared with wild-type @entity0 . In conclusion, our results indicate that @entity2 -induced gammadelta T lymphocyte migration is dependent on @entity6 and sensitive to both @entity3 and CC chemokine-binding protein inhibition. Moreover, by using @entity5 neutralizing Abs and genetically deficient @entity0 we show that @entity2 - and BCG-induced gammadelta T lymphocyte influx to the @entity4 of @entity0 is mainly orchestrated by the CC chemokine @entity5 .

title: Role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 on gamma delta T lymphocyte trafficking during @entity1 induced by lipopolysaccharide or XXXX bacille Calmette-Gu  rin.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Gammadelta T lymphocytes are involved in a great variety of inflammatory and infectious responses. However, the mechanisms by which gammadelta T lymphocytes migrate to inflamed sites are poorly understood. In this study we investigate the role of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in regulating gammadelta T cell migration after @entity2 or @entity7 bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) challenge. @entity2 -induced gammadelta T cell influx was significantly inhibited by either pretreatment with @entity3 or @entity8 Lister 35-kDa chemokine binding protein, vCKBP, a CC chemokine neutralizing protein, suggesting a role for CC chemokines in this phenomenon. @entity2 stimulation increased the expression of @entity5 mRNA and protein at the @entity1 site within 6 h. It is noteworthy that @entity2 was unable to increase @entity5 production or gammadelta T cell recruitment in C3H/HeJ, indicative of the involvement of @entity6 . Gammadelta T cells express @entity9 @entity9 . Pretreatment with anti- @entity5 mAb drastically inhibited @entity2 -induced in vivo gammadelta T cell mobilization. Indeed, @entity5 knockout @entity0 were unable to recruit gammadelta T cells to the @entity4 after @entity2 stimulation, effect that could be restored by coadministration of @entity5 . In addition, BCG-induced gammadelta lymphocyte accumulation was significantly reduced in @entity5 knockout @entity0 when compared with wild-type @entity0 . In conclusion, our results indicate that @entity2 -induced gammadelta T lymphocyte migration is dependent on @entity6 and sensitive to both @entity3 and CC chemokine-binding protein inhibition. Moreover, by using @entity5 neutralizing Abs and genetically deficient @entity0 we show that @entity2 - and BCG-induced gammadelta T lymphocyte influx to the @entity4 of @entity0 is mainly orchestrated by the CC chemokine @entity5 .

title: Role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 on gamma delta T lymphocyte trafficking during XXXX induced by lipopolysaccharide or @entity7 bacille Calmette-Gu  rin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity10 , the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the @entity0 CNS, plays a central role in many neuronal functions, such as long-term potentiation, which is necessary for learning and memory formation. The fast excitatory @entity10 neurotransmission is mediated by ionotropic receptors that include @entity2 / @entity12 and @entity7 ( @entity3 ) receptors, while the slow @entity10 responses are mediated through its interaction with metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) coupled to G-proteins. During @entity4 , massive release of @entity10 underlies excitotoxic @entity6 as it triggers an overflow of @entity5 in postsynaptic neurons mediated by @entity3 -gated channels. The early upstream postsynaptic events involve the activation of phospholipases, with the release of membrane-derived signaling molecules, such as free @entity8 (AA), @entity9 , and platelet-activating factor (PAF). These bioactive lipids modulate the early neuronal responses to stimulation as they affect the activities of ion channels, receptors, and enzymes; and when released into the extracellular space, they can contribute to the modulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release/re-uptake, and/or affect other neighboring neuronal/glial cells. The downstream postsynaptic events target the nucleus, leading to activation of gene-expression cascades. Syntheses of new proteins are the basis for @entity4 -induced sustained physiological and/or pathological changes that occur hours, days, or months later, such as synaptic reorganization and repair, and apoptotic/necrotic @entity6 . The intricate mesh of signaling pathways converging to the nucleus, and connecting upstream to downstream synaptic events, are at present the focus of many research efforts. We describe in this chapter how @entity4 -induced @entity10 release activates the hydrolysis of membrane AA-phospholipids via @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity13 , and PLD, thus releasing bioactive lipids that, in turn, modulate neurotransmission. We discuss mechanisms through which lipid messengers, such as AA and PAF, may turn into injury mediators participating in @entity4 -induced @entity1 .

title: What synaptic lipid signaling tells us about XXXX -induced damage and epileptogenesis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity3 remains uncertain because its accuracy has been questioned. We hypothesized that this is related to failure to define standards for adequacy of sample preparation. METHODS: We reviewed cytology and pathology reports from 351 @entity0 undergoing @entity2 at a 350-bed community, university-affiliated teaching hospital over a 2-year period. @entity0 were included if they had an open biopsy within 2 years of an @entity2 of the same lesion. Cytology reports were reviewed by a cytopathologist unaware of the clinical setting or subsequent histology; surgeons unaware of the cytology reports reviewed histology reports. Cytological diagnoses were benign, likely benign, probable @entity1 , and definite @entity1 . Samples were characterized as satisfactory, less than optimal (few mammary epithelial clusters), or inadequate (no mammary epithelial clusters.) We assessed the proportion of inadequate samples, the accuracy of @entity2 , and the influence of sample adequacy upon @entity2 sensitivity. RESULTS: Ninety-nine (28%) FNABs were inadequate, 77 (22%) less than optimal, and 175 (50%) satisfactory. Ninety-five @entity0 (27%) had a final diagnosis of @entity1 . FNABs classified as satisfactory or less than optimal and characterized as benign (n = 102) had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.91; those termed definite @entity1 (n = 43) had a positive predictive value ( @entity4 ) of 0.98. Only 10% of all @entity1 were identified in the 28% of FNABs that were classified as inadequate (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that too few FNABs are performed in a fashion that permits definitive cytological interpretation. Inadequate FNABs are less likely to detect @entity1 . After excluding inadequate preparations, FNABs interpreted as definite @entity1 and as benign are highly accurate in identifying @entity0 with and without @entity1 .

title: Role of sample adequacy in XXXX of palpable @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity3 remains uncertain because its accuracy has been questioned. We hypothesized that this is related to failure to define standards for adequacy of sample preparation. METHODS: We reviewed cytology and pathology reports from 351 @entity0 undergoing @entity2 at a 350-bed community, university-affiliated teaching hospital over a 2-year period. @entity0 were included if they had an open biopsy within 2 years of an @entity2 of the same lesion. Cytology reports were reviewed by a cytopathologist unaware of the clinical setting or subsequent histology; surgeons unaware of the cytology reports reviewed histology reports. Cytological diagnoses were benign, likely benign, probable @entity1 , and definite @entity1 . Samples were characterized as satisfactory, less than optimal (few mammary epithelial clusters), or inadequate (no mammary epithelial clusters.) We assessed the proportion of inadequate samples, the accuracy of @entity2 , and the influence of sample adequacy upon @entity2 sensitivity. RESULTS: Ninety-nine (28%) FNABs were inadequate, 77 (22%) less than optimal, and 175 (50%) satisfactory. Ninety-five @entity0 (27%) had a final diagnosis of @entity1 . FNABs classified as satisfactory or less than optimal and characterized as benign (n = 102) had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.91; those termed definite @entity1 (n = 43) had a positive predictive value ( @entity4 ) of 0.98. Only 10% of all @entity1 were identified in the 28% of FNABs that were classified as inadequate (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that too few FNABs are performed in a fashion that permits definitive cytological interpretation. Inadequate FNABs are less likely to detect @entity1 . After excluding inadequate preparations, FNABs interpreted as definite @entity1 and as benign are highly accurate in identifying @entity0 with and without @entity1 .

title: Role of sample adequacy in @entity2 of palpable XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been documented that @entity10 , in some types of @entity0 , promotes @entity0 proliferation, whereas, in the other types, it inhibits the @entity0 cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the anti- @entity0 effects and relevant mechanisms of @entity11 in C6 @entity1 cells. C6 cells were subjected to different concentrations of @entity11 , then cell viability and morphological changes were examined by @entity3 assay and Hoechst staining. The protein expression of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity8 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and @entity7 was measured by Western blotting. This work demonstrated that @entity11 could reduce cell number and induce apoptosis of @entity2 cells. The protein expression of @entity4 and @entity6 was up-regulated, while the protein expression of @entity5 was down-regulated. Additionally, @entity8 MAPK and @entity7 were activated in response to @entity11 . Moreover, @entity8 MAPK inhibitor, @entity9 , counteracted the inhibitory effect of @entity11 on C6 @entity1 cells. These data suggest that @entity11 can effectively reduce cell number of C6 cells by triggering the apoptosis via Caspase-dependent pathway. @entity8 MAPK and @entity7 play an important role in @entity11 -induced apoptosis in C6 cells. These findings imply that administration of @entity11 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: Exogenous hydrogen sulfide exhibits anti- XXXX effects though @entity8 MAPK signaling pathway in C6 @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been documented that @entity10 , in some types of @entity0 , promotes @entity0 proliferation, whereas, in the other types, it inhibits the @entity0 cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the anti- @entity0 effects and relevant mechanisms of @entity11 in C6 @entity1 cells. C6 cells were subjected to different concentrations of @entity11 , then cell viability and morphological changes were examined by @entity3 assay and Hoechst staining. The protein expression of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity8 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and @entity7 was measured by Western blotting. This work demonstrated that @entity11 could reduce cell number and induce apoptosis of @entity2 cells. The protein expression of @entity4 and @entity6 was up-regulated, while the protein expression of @entity5 was down-regulated. Additionally, @entity8 MAPK and @entity7 were activated in response to @entity11 . Moreover, @entity8 MAPK inhibitor, @entity9 , counteracted the inhibitory effect of @entity11 on C6 @entity1 cells. These data suggest that @entity11 can effectively reduce cell number of C6 cells by triggering the apoptosis via Caspase-dependent pathway. @entity8 MAPK and @entity7 play an important role in @entity11 -induced apoptosis in C6 cells. These findings imply that administration of @entity11 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: Exogenous hydrogen sulfide exhibits anti- @entity0 effects though XXXX MAPK signaling pathway in C6 @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been documented that @entity10 , in some types of @entity0 , promotes @entity0 proliferation, whereas, in the other types, it inhibits the @entity0 cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the anti- @entity0 effects and relevant mechanisms of @entity11 in C6 @entity1 cells. C6 cells were subjected to different concentrations of @entity11 , then cell viability and morphological changes were examined by @entity3 assay and Hoechst staining. The protein expression of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity8 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and @entity7 was measured by Western blotting. This work demonstrated that @entity11 could reduce cell number and induce apoptosis of @entity2 cells. The protein expression of @entity4 and @entity6 was up-regulated, while the protein expression of @entity5 was down-regulated. Additionally, @entity8 MAPK and @entity7 were activated in response to @entity11 . Moreover, @entity8 MAPK inhibitor, @entity9 , counteracted the inhibitory effect of @entity11 on C6 @entity1 cells. These data suggest that @entity11 can effectively reduce cell number of C6 cells by triggering the apoptosis via Caspase-dependent pathway. @entity8 MAPK and @entity7 play an important role in @entity11 -induced apoptosis in C6 cells. These findings imply that administration of @entity11 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: Exogenous hydrogen sulfide exhibits anti- @entity0 effects though @entity8 MAPK signaling pathway in C6 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 is the most common cause of @entity1 in North America and Europe. Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease the prognosis remains poor, the overall 5-year survival being 4-14%. An increased understanding of the molecular biology of the disease may identify novel targets for drug development. We evaluated @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity6 expression and microvessel density (MVD) in @entity0 who underwent surgery with curative intent in our department between 1991 and 1996. Co-expression of @entity4 / @entity10 , MVD and @entity6 were found to be independent prognostic variables, which allowed prediction of @entity0 outcome independent of surgical stage. Other prognostic factors identified in our series were gender, surgical stage, platelet count, extent of @entity3 , the @entity5 marker carbonic anhydrase-9 and @entity12 . In collaboration with groups in Oxford and Greece, we were also able to establish the angiogenic growth factors @entity2 and platelet-derived endothelial growth factor as prognostic variables. The inter-relationships between these factors are currently being examined in an expanded @entity0 series. Through this work we hope to be able to construct an integrated biological prognostic model which can be tested in prospective studies. This work has identified several potential targets for novel therapeutic agents currently in development.

title: Towards a biological staging model for operable XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sex differences in @entity0 with @entity2 (type 1 @entity1 ) by comparing the integrated parameters of metabolic control at the time of clinical diagnosis and 3 months after intensive insulin therapy in pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal @entity0 . DESIGN: A total of 331 consecutive @entity0 with newly diagnosed type 1 @entity1 were studied. The mean age of the group was 15 years (s.d. 8.1; range 5-23 years). @entity0 were stratified into three groups according to their age at disease onset: pre-pubertal (ages 5-9 years), pubertal (ages 10-18 years) and post-pubertal (ages 19-23 years). METHODS: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), insulin dose and both basal and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide were evaluated at diagnosis and after 3 months of insulin therapy. RESULTS: We found that females diagnosed after puberty were those with the lowest basal C-peptide compared with males (P=0.005). No statistically significant differences were observed for other metabolic parameters. When the entire group was evaluated, females at the time of diagnosis showed significant lower body mass index (P=0.001), lower basal C-peptide (P=0.021) and higher HbA(1c) (P=0.023) and required more insulin than males (P<0.001). After 3 months of therapy, only a significantly greater dose of insulin was observed in females compared with males (P=0.001), with similar good metabolic control as assessed by HbA(1c). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the process of beta-cell destruction at diagnosis may be more extensive in post-pubertal females than in males. Moreover, after the introduction of insulin therapy, females and males show similar metabolic parameters, although females still require significantly more insulin than males to achieve good metabolic control, 3 months after diagnosis.

title: Is the process of beta-cell destruction in type 1 XXXX at time of diagnosis more extensive in females than in males?

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is the second most common complication of total hip arthroplasty followed by @entity2 , is the second most common complication of @entity3 presenting with an incidence of 2.4-3.9% in primary procedures and an incidence of up to 28% in revision surgeries. The @entity1 can be classified into 3 groups: Early, middle and late. Generally early dislocations respond favorably to nonsurgical treatment and have low recurrence rate. In this case the need for revision surgery is much higher. The diagnosis of a dislocated hip is relatively easy to perform because the clinical picture is very typical. Having identified a dislocated hip the first step is to make an attempt to reduce a closed manner. Among the options are the following: Change of modular components, trochanteric progress, review of component orientation and ultimately the use of constrained components. One of the most common problems for which the @entity0 presents early recurrent instability is inadequate orientation of the prosthetic components. The @entity3 is one of the most useful and most successful surgeries the last 100 years, however requires a refined surgical technique, proper @entity0 selection and planning to meet the expectations of it. It currently has a range of possible treatments for problem resolution, with the intent of restoring a stable and functional hip.

title: [Evaluation and treatment of prosthetic XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a @entity4 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in the laboratory diagnosis of @entity2 in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: @entity0 and @entity0 attending genitourinary medicine clinics in England. METHODS: A trial PCR service was offered for the analysis of swabs of ano-genital or oral ulcers suspected to be syphilitic in origin. Clinical details, results of treponemal serology, and other relevant laboratory tests carried out by the sending laboratories were obtained retrospectively by questionnaire. RESULTS: Data from 98 @entity0 , representing 100 episodes of @entity3 , were analysed. The majority of @entity0 (70) attended clinics in the Greater Manchester area. Eighty six @entity0 were male and 58 were @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 (MSM), of whom 24 were @entity1 positive. PCR results agreed with the clinical diagnosis for 95 @entity0 ; samples from 26 @entity0 were PCR positive and serologically diagnosed as primary (18) or secondary (8) syphilis, whereas 70 @entity0 had PCR negative samples and were not diagnosed as having active syphilis. These data include two @entity1 positive @entity0 who were PCR positive 12 and 21 days before their treponemal seroconversion. One positive PCR result was not supported by positive treponemal serology (this @entity0 coincidentally received a 10 day course of co-amoxiclav 1 week after sampling). Three @entity0 had negative PCR results but positive syphilis serology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for primary syphilis were 94.7%, 98.6%, 94.7%, and 98.6%, respectively, and for secondary syphilis these were 80.0%, 98.6%, 88.9%, and 97.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: PCR is a sensitive and specific test for @entity4 , and an important adjunct to dark ground microscopy and treponemal serology in diagnosing infectious syphilis in the United Kingdom.

title: Use of PCR in the diagnosis of XXXX in the United Kingdom.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has an impact on @entity0 development with repercussions in the @entity0 's cognitive, socioemotional and conduct regulation. Screening for this disorder with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been recommended because this significantly identifies more cases of @entity1 than usual clinical evaluation. AIM: To evaluate the use of the EPDS to screen mothers attending well @entity0 care visits with their @entity0 during the first 6 months of age and identifying the factors associated with its use in the largest private health care network in Chile. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, conducted by random sampling of the @entity0 's medical charts from a universe of 5700 @entity0 aged 1-6 months that attended the health care network during 2009 and 2011. Estimated sample size: 500 medical charts, assuming a recording frequency of the EPDS of 5% (confidence level of 95% and power of 80%). The descriptive data analysis of the variables was carried out using a uni and multivariate analysis. All values of P < 0.05 were considered significant (Software SPSS 17.0). RESULTS: A total of 1940 visits, belonging to 503 medical charts of @entity0 under 6 months of age were reviewed. The use of the EPDS to screen mothers was recorded in nine medical charts (1.7% of the @entity0 population). The only variable that was significantly associated with the recording of the EPDS was the background of previous @entity1 in the mother (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The record of the use of EPDS on mothers of @entity0 seen in the private health care network is much less than what is recommended.

title: Screening for XXXX in a private health care network in Chile.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological short-medium term outcomes for the treatment of bilateral @entity4 of the femoral head (ONFH) with hip-preserving surgery of core decompression followed by tightly impaction bone grafting combining with non-vascularized fibular allografting in one hip and concurrent one-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the contralateral side. We hypothesized the aforementioned surgery showed benefits of protecting the preserved hip from collapsing and thereafter THA was delayed or avoided. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 18 non-traumatic bilateral ONFH @entity0 (36 hips) who had undergone previous mentioned surgeries between July 2004 and June 2013. Preoperative and the last follow-up Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score were obtained for clinical outcomes evaluation and X-rays of antero-posterior and frog-leg lateral views of bilateral hips were compared for radiological outcomes assessment. RESULTS: All @entity0 were telephone contacted for out- @entity0 clinic return visit at an average follow-up time of 53.3  months (ranged from 20  months to 107  months). Of the 18 @entity0 (15 @entity0 and 3 @entity0 ), there were 5 @entity0 were diagnosed preoperative IIB stages according to classification of the Association Research Circulation Osseuse classification (ARCO) and the remaining 13 @entity0 were in ARCO IIIC stages. The mean age of the included @entity0 was 40.7  years (range from 22 to 59  years). No age and followed-up time difference existed in genders. The postoperative HHS were 83.8        17.9 points, and it revealed statistical significance when compared to preoperative 61.6        17.0 points (p   <   0.05). The VAS scores were reduced from preoperative 6.2        2.0 points to postoperative 2.8        2.3 points, which also manifested outcomes significance (p   <   0.05). From radiological aspects, 14 @entity0 acquired well repairmen of the @entity1 areas of the femoral head. However, the other 4 @entity0 ultimately suffered femoral @entity2 , and the severe @entity3 was gotten rid of after THA surgeries were performed. CONCLUSIONS: The un-collapsed hip can achieve biological stability and sufficient blood supply through the hip-preserving surgery and obtain longtime repairmen of the @entity1 bone as well as early non-weight-bearing function training, which benefits from distributing the whole body weight load to the hip of one-stage THA. Consequently, we recommend this sort of surgery for clinical practice trial when faced bilateral ONFH in different stages though longer time follow-up and larger samples are essentially needed to address its efficacy.

title: One-sided hip-preserving and concurrent contralateral total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of bilateral XXXX of the femoral head in different stages: short-medium term outcomes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An investigation was undertaken with the aim of determining whether @entity0 wearing complete dentures in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and dental practice (DP) had different expectations from their dentures, together with their requirements for information about denture construction and oral and denture care. METHODS: A total of 214 edentulous @entity0 , with a mean age of 69 years, from DP (125) and @entity2 (89) participated in the questionnaire-based study. A valid questionnaire (P-DEQ) was constructed which demonstrated good test-retest reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.86). The P-DEQ sought to determine how @entity0 responded to a series of questions related to what dentists are urged to achieve with complete dentures. The questions covered not only what might be termed "normative" expectations but also @entity0 ' perceived needs for further information about the stages of prosthodontic treatment and oral or denture care. RESULTS: Significant differences (p< or =0.001) emerged between the two groups; 82% of the @entity2 group thought it essential that their dentures caused no @entity1 compared with 59% of the DP group; for " @entity3 " ( @entity2 87%; DP 65%), and "good bite" ( @entity2 82%; DP 55%). No significant differences emerged for the other parameters investigated, but both groups had high expectations for ease of chewing, speech, and good appearance. Differences (p<0.05) between the groups also emerged with respect to the demand for more information regarding the stages involved in denture construction ( @entity2 57%, DP 76%) and how to care for dentures ( @entity2 75%, DP 89%). Large proportions of @entity0 from both groups would prefer to have more information about the selection of teeth (71% @entity2 , 72% DP), and how to care for their mouths (84% @entity2 , 86% DP), but there were no differences between the groups in these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 expectations appear to equate with the normative view expressed in standard prosthodontic texts. However, expectations may differ not only between individuals but also between @entity0 groups managed in teaching hospital and DP settings. Edentulous @entity0 also need information regarding the stages involved in denture construction and how to care for their mouths and dentures. This may have implications for the management of edentulous @entity0 in DP and @entity2 .

title: What do XXXX expect from complete dentures?

answer: @entity0


abstract: A total of 70 blood-donor volunteers were studied to determine the utility of the echocardiogram and Doppler in the diagnosis of @entity4 in asymptomatic @entity0 with @entity2 . These @entity0 came from endemic areas and had humoral positive reactions for South American @entity3 . They were checked against a control group of blood-donors with no environmental antecedents and with negative reactions. Both groups were similar in age and sex. The chagasic group showed an abnormal electrocardiogram in twelve cases (17.4%), being @entity1 the most frequent alteration found (nine cases, 62.5%). In the control group no alterations were found (p = 0.0005). The echocardiogram and Doppler were abnormal in 29 cases of the chagasic group (38.8%): alterations in ventricular relaxation were found in 8 cases (27.6%), enlargement of cavities in 9 (31%), both phenomena in 9 (31%) and alteration of parietal motility in 3 (10.3%). In the control group, 1 case presented alteration in ventricular relaxation (p = 0.000008). These results confirmed that the abnormal discoveries were related to @entity2 . Out of 70 chagasic @entity0 , 31 (44.29%) showed some alteration in the tests: 12 had an abnormal electrocardiogram, and of these only 2 had normal echocardiogram and Doppler, the rest showed abnormal echocardiogram and Doppler. Other 29 (of these 70 @entity0 ) showed some alteration in the echocardiogram and Doppler, and 20 of them presented a normal electrocardiogram. It can be concluded that the echocardiogram and Doppler are more accurate to detect cardiac involvement in asymptomatic chagasic @entity0 than the electrocardiogram, showing abnormality in many cases where there are no electrocardiographic alterations. On the other hand, @entity0 with abnormal electrocardiogram and Doppler are less frequent. Therefore, to define the undetermined period of @entity2 echocardiogram and Doppler should be incorporated as a routine resource of diagnosis considering the high percentage of cases in which cardiac participation is detected when there is no clinic, radiologic and electrocardiographic disturbance.

title: [Asymptomatic XXXX . Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Psychological and quality of life measures are important in the assessment of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) @entity0 and the outcome of treatment. This study aimed to assess the utility and sensitivity to change of three simple questionnaires in a CR setting. A total of 1403 @entity0 who entered CR over 51 months were studied. @entity0 completed questionnaires before and after their phase 3 CR program-Hospital Anxiety and @entity2 (HAD) scale, WONCA/COOP charts and an analogue score of wellbeing. The three instruments took about 5.5 min in total to complete and 30 s to interpret. There were highly significant reductions in mean @entity1 score-from 6.04 to 4.67 (P<0.001, 95% CI -1.52 to -1.16) and @entity2 from 4.00 to 2.52 (P<0.001, 95% CI -1.62 to -1.29) The mean analogue of wellbeing score improved from 7.09 to 8.19 (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.97-1.22 ) There were highly significant improvements in five of the six WONCA domains. There were significant correlations between improvements in scores from all instruments. The sensitivity indices were in the 'good' range for changes in WONCA physical fitness domain and subjective well-being score and in the (moderate) range for changes in @entity2 , well-being and WONCA overall health. Initial physical fitness was significantly correlated with the initial levels of all psychometric scores except @entity1 and WONCA feelings, but improvements in fitness were not correlated with any changes in psychometric scores. The instruments described were quick to administer and to interpret and showed sensitivities to change superior to those which have been reported for other questionnaires. We believe them to be practical tools for use in CR units.

title: Psychological assessments for cardiac rehabilitation XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The use of intramedullary nailing in the @entity5 is still controversial. Those who have experience with antegrade nailing have either great enthusiasm or strong criticism for the procedure. Criticism of the procedure is because of the @entity1 that can occur to the rotator cuff and possible @entity7 , which can occur after antegrade nail insertion. The technique of retrograde nail insertion with the unreamed humeral nail is described in detail. In a series of 190 retrograde nailings performed in a prospective multicenter study, the most frequent intraoperative problems were fissure or @entity2 at the entry portal (n = 8; 4.2%) and secondary @entity6 (n = 8; 4.2%). All @entity6 recovered spontaneously. Sixty-eight @entity0 were followed up until the @entity3 healed. There were five (7.4%) bone healing problems. Four of five could be solved with use of the unreamed humeral nail in a second operative procedure, whereas the fifth bone healing problem required plate osteosynthesis. Function of the shoulder and elbow joint was excellent in 89.7% and 88.3% of the @entity0 , respectively. Retrograde humeral nailing is a safe and reliable procedure if done properly. It is a valuable stabilization technique for acute and pathologic @entity3 and for @entity4 . Bone healing problems after unreamed humeral nailing must be analyzed individually, but they can be treated with the same implant in combination with cancellous bone grafts, reaming, additional hardware, or intrafragmentary compression.

title: Retrograde nailing of humeral shaft XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) most frequently presents with lower limb @entity4 on walking--intermittent claudication. As the disease progresses the @entity0 might suffer from @entity4 and/or ischemic @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The management of @entity0 with @entity6 consists of life-style modifications and pharmacotherapy addressing the risk factors to minimize the risk for disease progression and mortality in @entity5 and @entity3 . Symptomatic invasive treatment consists of surgical or endovascular revascularization. Unfortunately, about 20-30% of @entity0 with @entity2 can not be treated by any of these methods and the only option for them is often amputation. For this group of @entity0 there is a great need for alternative treatment strategies and several strategies are currently tested to stimulate collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis). Arteriogenesis is defined as growth of preexisting arteriolar connections into true collateral arteries. It relies on a complex combination of increased shear stress, different growth factors, cytokines, proteolytic enzymes and @entity1 . It is probable that this process is important for disease progression and the pathophysiology of @entity2 , but its impact needs to be further elucidated. Such efforts will also benefit attempts to stimulate arteriogenesis as therapy for @entity2 . This article briefly discusses the basic mechanisms underlying arteriogenesis, and speculates how this knowledge influences our view of the pathophysiology and treatment of @entity6 , particularly lower limb @entity2 .

title: Arteriogenesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We investigated the effect of a novel mouse IgG2b nonanaphylactogenic anti-human IgE antibody, 17-9, on allergen and @entity1 responses in passively sensitized @entity0 airways in vitro to determine the specific contribution of IgE to the sensitization process. Bronchial rings were sensitized with serum containing high levels of allergen-specific IgE ( @entity2 ), or with a hapten-specific chimeric humanized IgE (JW8). There was a concentration-dependent contraction of serum-sensitized bronchial rings to @entity2 (517 +/- 188 mg tension at 10 U/ml, n = 8) that was not observed in nonsensitized controls. This response was practically abolished when tissues were sensitized in the presence of 100 microg/ml anti-IgE antibody 17-9 (54 +/- 20 mg). In tissues sensitized with the anti-NIP IgE, JW8, there was a concentration-dependent contraction to the specific antigen NIP-BSA (560 +/- 154 mg at 0.3 microg/ml, n = 5) that was not observed in nonsensitized control subjects and that was substantially inhibited when 17-9 was present in the sensitization buffer (124 +/- 109 mg). The inhibition with 17-9 was specific, as pretreatment with a non-IgE-specific IgG2b antibody did not affect allergen responses. Potency and maximal contractions to @entity1 in serum-sensitized tissues were significantly elevated compared with nonsensitized controls; this was not affected by the presence of 17-9 during sensitization (pEC50 = 5.1 +/- 0.2 versus 5.0 +/- 0.3 in tissues sensitized in the absence of 17-9). In tissues sensitized with JW8 there was no significant increase in responsiveness to @entity1 . We conclude that allergen responses in sensitized @entity0 airways are dependent on IgE levels in the sensitizing serum while nonspecific (hyper)responsiveness depends on serum factors other than IgE. Nonanaphylactogenic anti-human IgE antibodies effectively inhibit allergen responses of @entity0 airways in vitro but may not affect other factors inducing hyperresponsiveness.

title: Inhibition of XXXX airway sensitization by a novel monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, 17-9.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) represents the most common @entity2 and is resistant to conventional therapies. G250 is a @entity1 -associated antigen and is expressed mainly in clear cell @entity3 . It is a potential therapeutic target as well as a diagnostic marker for @entity3 . Previous studies relating to G250 protein or G250 mRNA expression in @entity3 using @entity0 tissue have largely been limited to immunohistochemical or conventional RT-PCR approaches that lack reproducibility, are subject to observer bias and are at most semi-quantitative. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using real-time RT-PCR in quantifying G250 mRNA expression using tissue dissected from paraffin sections of @entity2 . Using this approach, we performed a preliminary study investigating the relationship between G250 expression and @entity1 behavior in clear cell @entity3 . METHODS: A total of 53 radical nephrectomy specimens with @entity2 (nine @entity4 , seven chromophobe @entity3 , four papillary @entity3 and 33 clear cell @entity3 ) were included in this study. SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR was performed using the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System. A @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was used as an endogenous reference gene. RESULTS: Our study showed that real-time RT-PCR is a reliable approach in quantifying G250 mRNA expression using paraffin sections. Using this methodology, G250 mRNA was detected in all of the clear cell RCCs, but none of the other types of @entity1 studied or in normal kidney tissue. Our study also suggested that the expression of G250 mRNA might correlate with @entity1 stage and overall survival. CONCLUSION: Among common @entity2 , G250 is a specific marker for clear cell @entity3 . Quantification of G250 mRNA expression by real-time RT-PCR using paraffin sections is a feasible approach for future clinical studies in evaluating the prognostic and predictive value of G250 in clear cell @entity3 .

title: Quantification of G250 mRNA expression in XXXX by real-time reverse transcription-PCR of dissected tissue from paraffin sections.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We compared the effects of three models of permanent @entity1 , as well as cortical @entity5 , on behaviour and brain morphology. @entity0 received a @entity2 either by devascularization or by two different procedures of @entity4 ( @entity4 ; small vs. large). Animals were trained in a reaching task, forepaw asymmetry, forepaw inhibition, sunflower seed task and tongue extension. Behaviour was assessed 1 week after the lesion and at 2-week intervals for a total of 9 weeks. One week after the surgery all animals were severely impaired on all tasks and although they improved over time they only reached preoperative base lines on tongue extension. Animals with small MCAOs performed better in reaching and sunflower tasks; no other behavioural differences were detected among the groups. Pyramidal cells in forelimb and cingulate areas as well as spiny neurons of the striatum were examined for dendritic branching and spine density using a Golgi-Cox procedure. Each lesion type had a different impact on cell morphology. Overall, different changes ( @entity3 or @entity6 ) were observed with each kind of lesion and these changes were specific for the region (forelimb, cingulate, striatum) and the condition (intact vs. damaged hemisphere). These results suggest that: (i) different lesions to the motor cortex produce subtle differences in behaviour, and (ii) the method used to induce the lesion produces striking differences in cortical and subcortical plasticity.

title: A comparison of different models of XXXX on behaviour and brain morphology.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Biological effects of @entity3 mustard (SM) on various systems have been investigated in both @entity0 and animals. However, few studies are available on the effect of SM on the peripheral nervous system. In the present study, long-term effects of a single dose of SM on nerve conduction velocity and electromyography (EMG) pattern is evaluated in hindlimb of adult male @entity1 . METHODS: SM @entity5 was induced by two means: subcutaneous injection of 1 and 3.5 mg/kg SM in two experimental groups (1 and 2) and cutaneous application of 8 and 13 mg/kg SM in groups 3 and 4. Sham and control groups received SM vehicle, @entity6 , and nothing, respectively. Electrophysiological assessments were performed after 26 weeks as follows: sciatic nerve conduction study that included measuring, amplitude, duration, and latency of M-wave, F-wave latency, and EMG study in resting and minimal contraction states. RESULTS: Results indicate that sciatic nerve conduction velocity did not significantly change in any experimental groups. However, resting EMG records showed some abnormalities very similar to positive sharp waves and @entity4 reported in @entity0 . These abnormalities were observed in 6 of 36 intoxicated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the present data are in favor of @entity2 , to rule out the possibility of other types of @entity2 , additional thorough studies at ultrastructural level are suggested.

title: Long-term effect of a single dose of XXXX mustard on nerve conduction velocity and electromyography pattern in @entity1 hindlimb.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Biological effects of @entity3 mustard (SM) on various systems have been investigated in both @entity0 and animals. However, few studies are available on the effect of SM on the peripheral nervous system. In the present study, long-term effects of a single dose of SM on nerve conduction velocity and electromyography (EMG) pattern is evaluated in hindlimb of adult male @entity1 . METHODS: SM @entity5 was induced by two means: subcutaneous injection of 1 and 3.5 mg/kg SM in two experimental groups (1 and 2) and cutaneous application of 8 and 13 mg/kg SM in groups 3 and 4. Sham and control groups received SM vehicle, @entity6 , and nothing, respectively. Electrophysiological assessments were performed after 26 weeks as follows: sciatic nerve conduction study that included measuring, amplitude, duration, and latency of M-wave, F-wave latency, and EMG study in resting and minimal contraction states. RESULTS: Results indicate that sciatic nerve conduction velocity did not significantly change in any experimental groups. However, resting EMG records showed some abnormalities very similar to positive sharp waves and @entity4 reported in @entity0 . These abnormalities were observed in 6 of 36 intoxicated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the present data are in favor of @entity2 , to rule out the possibility of other types of @entity2 , additional thorough studies at ultrastructural level are suggested.

title: Long-term effect of a single dose of @entity3 mustard on nerve conduction velocity and electromyography pattern in XXXX hindlimb.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This introductory article summarizes and comments on a group of four papers based in part on a panel discussion of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) held at the 53rd annual meeting of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. The purpose of this panel was to review the differential diagnosis of @entity2 and the evidence for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and developmental problems in @entity2 @entity0 . First, a correct diagnosis must be made, with true @entity7 being differentiated from positional deformities and other normal variants. Second, medical indications must be balanced against the risks of operating on @entity2 @entity0 . Release of fused sutures is commonly undertaken to avoid @entity4 , although studies of @entity4 in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity2 are hampered by a lack of normative data and by difficulties with measurement techniques. A subgroup of @entity0 with @entity2 may have @entity4 , which can be deleterious to brain function. Longitudinal studies of @entity0 with isolated @entity2 suggest an increased risk of @entity5 and @entity6 ; surgical release of the suture may not diminish this risk. @entity0 with metopic suture fusion appear to be particularly at risk. These findings must be confirmed with a larger sample size. These uncertainties raise ethical issues and complicate medical decision-making for the @entity0 with @entity2 . A trusting and truthful relationship between the parents and the professional is necessary for a balanced discussion of the best interests of the @entity0 . All @entity0 with confirmed @entity7 should be followed for evidence of progressive @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity3 .

title: Controversies in the diagnosis and management of XXXX : a panel discussion.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effect of oral @entity4 supplementation on the resynthesis of @entity2 and performance after 1 wk of intense intermittent exercise was examined. Eight subjects performed a random double-blind crossover design. The subjects performed cycle training consisting of 15 x 10 s of all-out sprinting twice per day for 7 days. After training the subjects received either @entity4 (200 mg/kg body wt; @entity5 ) or placebo ( @entity1 ) three times per day for 3 days. An exercise test was performed at 72 h after the last training session. Immediately after the last training session, muscle @entity0 was lowered (P < 0.05) by 25 +/- 2 and 22 +/- 3% in @entity1 and @entity5 , respectively. In both @entity1 and @entity5 , muscle @entity0 levels at 5 and 24 h after the exercise were still lower (P < 0.05) than pretraining. After 72 h, muscle @entity0 was similar (P > 0.05) to pretraining in @entity5 (24.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 26.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry wt) but still lower (P < 0.05) in @entity1 (21.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 26.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry wt) and higher (P < 0.05) in @entity5 than in @entity1 . Plasma @entity3 levels after the test performed at 72 h were higher (P < 0.05) in @entity5 compared with @entity1 . Mean and peak power outputs during the test performed at 72 h were similar (P > 0.05) in @entity1 and @entity5 . The results support the hypothesis that the availability of @entity4 in the muscle is a limiting factor for the rate of resynthesis of @entity0 . Furthermore, the reduction in muscle @entity0 observed after intense training does not appear to be limiting for high-intensity exercise performance.

title: Effect of XXXX supplementation on resynthesis of @entity2 after intense intermittent training in humans.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of oral @entity4 supplementation on the resynthesis of @entity2 and performance after 1 wk of intense intermittent exercise was examined. Eight subjects performed a random double-blind crossover design. The subjects performed cycle training consisting of 15 x 10 s of all-out sprinting twice per day for 7 days. After training the subjects received either @entity4 (200 mg/kg body wt; @entity5 ) or placebo ( @entity1 ) three times per day for 3 days. An exercise test was performed at 72 h after the last training session. Immediately after the last training session, muscle @entity0 was lowered (P < 0.05) by 25 +/- 2 and 22 +/- 3% in @entity1 and @entity5 , respectively. In both @entity1 and @entity5 , muscle @entity0 levels at 5 and 24 h after the exercise were still lower (P < 0.05) than pretraining. After 72 h, muscle @entity0 was similar (P > 0.05) to pretraining in @entity5 (24.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 26.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry wt) but still lower (P < 0.05) in @entity1 (21.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 26.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry wt) and higher (P < 0.05) in @entity5 than in @entity1 . Plasma @entity3 levels after the test performed at 72 h were higher (P < 0.05) in @entity5 compared with @entity1 . Mean and peak power outputs during the test performed at 72 h were similar (P > 0.05) in @entity1 and @entity5 . The results support the hypothesis that the availability of @entity4 in the muscle is a limiting factor for the rate of resynthesis of @entity0 . Furthermore, the reduction in muscle @entity0 observed after intense training does not appear to be limiting for high-intensity exercise performance.

title: Effect of @entity4 supplementation on resynthesis of XXXX after intense intermittent training in humans.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare endometrial biopsy and sonohysterography for evaluation of the endometrium in @entity1 -treated @entity0 . METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify 51 consecutive @entity1 -treated @entity0 who had sonohysterography and correlative endometrial biopsy for evaluation of @entity2 or thickened endometrium of greater than 8 mm. Endometrial biopsy and sonohysterographic results were compared in all @entity0 , and for 27 (53%) @entity0 who had hysteroscopy with dilation and curettage, endometrial biopsy and sonohysterographic findings also were compared with surgical pathologic findings. RESULTS: Thirty-two (63%) of 51 sonohysterograms revealed @entity5 (8%) showed endometrium of greater than 5 mm; 14 (27%) showed endometrium of less than 5 mm; and 1 (2%) was inadequate. Endometrial biopsy findings were benign endometrium in 42 (82%), @entity3 in 4 (8%), and insufficient samples in 5 (10%). Among the adequate sonohysterograms, 64% (32 of 50) resulted in a diagnosis of @entity3 (95% confidence interval, 49%-77%) whereas the corresponding proportion for endometrial biopsy was 9% (4 of 46; 95% confidence interval, 2%-21%). For the group with hysteroscopy, 24 (92%) of 26 @entity3 were confirmed histopathologically; 1 @entity3 had @entity4 . @entity3 were present in 23 (89%) of 26 @entity0 with benign endometrium or insufficient samples by endometrial biopsy, and only 1 confirmed @entity3 was identified by endometrial biopsy. The sensitivity of sonohysterography for diagnosis of @entity5 (100%) was significantly higher than for endometrial biopsy (4%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 -treated @entity0 , sonohysterography provides a significant improvement in sensitivity for diagnosis of @entity5 compared with endometrial biopsy.

title: Sonohysterography compared with endometrial biopsy for evaluation of the endometrium in XXXX -treated @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare endometrial biopsy and sonohysterography for evaluation of the endometrium in @entity1 -treated @entity0 . METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify 51 consecutive @entity1 -treated @entity0 who had sonohysterography and correlative endometrial biopsy for evaluation of @entity2 or thickened endometrium of greater than 8 mm. Endometrial biopsy and sonohysterographic results were compared in all @entity0 , and for 27 (53%) @entity0 who had hysteroscopy with dilation and curettage, endometrial biopsy and sonohysterographic findings also were compared with surgical pathologic findings. RESULTS: Thirty-two (63%) of 51 sonohysterograms revealed @entity5 (8%) showed endometrium of greater than 5 mm; 14 (27%) showed endometrium of less than 5 mm; and 1 (2%) was inadequate. Endometrial biopsy findings were benign endometrium in 42 (82%), @entity3 in 4 (8%), and insufficient samples in 5 (10%). Among the adequate sonohysterograms, 64% (32 of 50) resulted in a diagnosis of @entity3 (95% confidence interval, 49%-77%) whereas the corresponding proportion for endometrial biopsy was 9% (4 of 46; 95% confidence interval, 2%-21%). For the group with hysteroscopy, 24 (92%) of 26 @entity3 were confirmed histopathologically; 1 @entity3 had @entity4 . @entity3 were present in 23 (89%) of 26 @entity0 with benign endometrium or insufficient samples by endometrial biopsy, and only 1 confirmed @entity3 was identified by endometrial biopsy. The sensitivity of sonohysterography for diagnosis of @entity5 (100%) was significantly higher than for endometrial biopsy (4%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 -treated @entity0 , sonohysterography provides a significant improvement in sensitivity for diagnosis of @entity5 compared with endometrial biopsy.

title: Sonohysterography compared with endometrial biopsy for evaluation of the endometrium in @entity1 -treated XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A quantitative method for validating qualitative interview results and checking sample parameters is described and illustrated using common @entity1 descriptions among a sample of Anglo-American and mandarin Chinese @entity0 and dentists matched by age and gender. Assumptions were that subjects were members of a sociocultural group (e.g. ethnic or professional/lay) and answered questions independently about a monotonic domain (e.g. @entity1 ). Subjects answered 18 true/false items derived from and selected to reflect @entity1 perceptions consistent with published and unpublished interview data. Estimates of consistency in use of descriptors within groups, validity of description, accuracy of individuals compared with others in their group, and minimum required sample size were calculated using Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, and Bayesian probability. Ethnic and professional differences within and across groups were also tested using @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and hypothesis testing. Consensus (consistency of subject response by group) was .99 among Anglo-Americans and .97 among Chinese. Mean subject accuracy was .81 for Americans and .57 for Chinese, indicating the need for larger numbers of Chinese to supplement each others' statements. However, larger numbers of subjects were recruited than actually required for each ethnic group at .95 confidence limits. @entity2 showed similarities in use of descriptors within ethnic groups, while there were differences (p < .001) between Chinese and American groups. Use of covalidating questionnaires that reflect results of qualitative interviews are recommended in order to estimate sample parameters such as intersubject agreement, individual subject accuracy, and minimum required sample sizes.

title: Consensus analysis: reliability, validity, and informant accuracy in use of American and Mandarin Chinese XXXX descriptors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the magnitude of @entity4 and of @entity1 in a defined elderly population of a typical metropolitan area in England, and to assess the frequency they were in touch with, or known to, the eye care services. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey using two stage cluster random sampling. SETTING: General practices in north London. SUBJECTS: Random sample of @entity0 aged 65 and older, drawn from a defined population of elderly @entity0 registered with 17 general practice groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportions and population prevalence estimates were determined for visual acuity, assessed with the @entity0 's own spectacles (if any), classified into four categories: prevalence of @entity2 , age related @entity5 , and @entity6 causing @entity1 and of definite primary open @entity3 ; and status of contact with eye services. RESULTS: 1547 of 1840 (84%) eligible @entity0 were examined. The population prevalence of bilateral @entity1 (visual acuity <6/12) was 30%, of which 72% was potentially remediable. 92 of these 448 cases (21%) had @entity1 . Prevalence of @entity2 causing @entity1 was 30%; 88% of these @entity0 were not in touch with the eye services. The prevalence of vision impairing, age related @entity5 was 8% and of @entity3 (definite cases) was 3%. Three quarters of the @entity0 with definite @entity3 were not known to the eye services. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated @entity1 and @entity4 affect a substantial proportion of @entity0 aged 65 years and older. These findings should contribute to the setting up of future strategies for preservation of sight and eye health services in general.

title: Prevalence of serious eye disease and XXXX in a north London population: population based, cross sectional study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 in @entity4 remains one of the greatest challenges in reconstructive plastic surgery. Facial reanimation is an invaluable aid to such @entity0 because it allows for greater social interaction by means of the ability to smile. In performing facial reanimation surgery on @entity0 with @entity4 , it is the observation of the senior author (Harrison) that @entity1 is a consistent and previously unreported feature of the syndrome. It has been the practice of the senior author to perform upper labial augmentation on @entity4 @entity0 by insertion of a lipodermal autograft, in addition to facial reanimation. Nine @entity0 with @entity4 who presented to the Department of Plastic Surgery during an 8-year period were reviewed. All nine possessed bilateral @entity2 and @entity1 in addition to other abnormalities consistent with @entity4 . Six @entity0 underwent bilateral facial reanimation and upper labial augmentation alone. One @entity0 refused facial reanimation surgery but consented to upper labial augmentation. One @entity0 , with concomitant @entity3 , underwent bilateral facial reanimation, upper labial augmentation, and insertion of a Silastic chin implant. In one @entity0 , a @entity0 who also exhibited @entity3 , bilateral facial reanimation alone was carried out, with further procedures for upper labial and chin cosmesis being postponed until adulthood. The indication for performing upper labial augmentation was cosmetic. The procedure improved upper labial appearance and restored balance to the mouth. @entity0 also expressed higher satisfaction with eating and drinking, which they related to the improved fullness of the upper lip. This was before the facial reanimation had become functional. Upper @entity1 warrants addition to the list of facial features of @entity4 and is something that must be assessed in the context of facial reanimation surgery.

title: Upper XXXX in Mobius syndrome: a previously unreported feature and its correction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Free flap surgical procedures are technically challenging, and @entity4 failure may lead to arterial or @entity6 and flap @entity1 . To improve myocutaneous flap survival rates, more reliable methods to detect @entity2 are needed. On the basis of theoretical considerations, @entity9 tension, reflecting intracellular @entity8 , may be suitable indicators of @entity2 . It was hypothesized that tissue @entity9 tension increased rapidly when metabolism became anaerobic and would be correlated with acute venoarterial differences in @entity10 levels, @entity11 levels, and acid-base parameters. Because @entity3 have been observed to be less pronounced in flaps with @entity6 , it was hypothesized that tissue @entity9 tension and venoarterial differences in @entity10 and @entity11 levels and acid-base parameters would increase less during @entity6 than during @entity6 . In 14 @entity12 , latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps were surgically isolated, exposed to acute @entity2 for 150 minutes with complete @entity6 (seven subjects) or @entity6 (seven subjects), and reperfused for 30 minutes. After @entity6 , pedicle blood flow decreased immediately to less than 10 percent of baseline flow. Blood flow decreased more slowly after @entity6 but within 3 minutes reached almost the same low levels as observed during @entity6 . Venous @entity0 saturation decreased from approximately 70 percent to approximately 20 percent, whereas @entity0 uptake was almost arrested. Tissue @entity9 tension increased to two times baseline values in both groups (p < 0.01). The venoarterial differences in @entity9 tension, pH, base excess, @entity5 levels, @entity10 levels, and @entity11 levels increased significantly (p < 0.01). Tissue @entity9 tension measured during the occlusion period were closely correlated with venoarterial differences in pH, base excess, @entity5 levels, @entity10 levels, and @entity11 levels (median r2, 0.67 to 0.92). After termination of arterial or @entity6 , more pronounced @entity7 was observed in the @entity6 group than in the @entity6 group (p < 0.05). @entity0 uptake (p < 0.05) and venoarterial differences in @entity10 and @entity11 levels (p < 0.05) were significantly more pronounced in the @entity6 group. In the @entity6 group, with less pronounced @entity7 , venoarterial differences in acid-base parameters remained significantly different from baseline values before occlusion (p < 0.01). The data indicate that tissue @entity9 tension can be used to detect anaerobic metabolism, caused by arterial or @entity6 , in myocutaneous flaps. The correlations between @entity9 tension and venoarterial differences in acid-base parameters were excellent. Because @entity9 tension can be measured continuously in real time, such measurements are more likely to represent a clinically useful parameter than are venoarterial differences.

title: Tissue XXXX tension: a putative specific indicator of @entity2 in porcine latissimus dorsi flaps.

answer: @entity9