abstract: In the last few years, a marked decrease in male fertility has been reported. Environmental factors were recently suspected for this effect. Among those factors is the misuse of drugs and in particular antibiotics. @entity5 are a group of antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum activity. @entity1 of some @entity3 members is controversial; a matter which stimulated our attention to investigate the adverse testicular effects of the most familiar @entity3 members, namely: @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity6 . They were given to @entity0 in doses of 72, 135 and 72 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o., respectively, for 15 consecutive days. @entity2 was also used to establish a dose-response relationship in doses of 36, 72 and 360 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o. for 15 consecutive days. Results revealed that @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity6 reduced testicular @entity7 activity by 39.8%, 62.7% and 60.7%, respectively. Moreover, sperm count, motility and daily sperm production were markedly decreased. @entity2 induced a dose-dependent decrease in testicular @entity7 activity, sperm count and motility. Furthermore, daily sperm production showed a marked reduction which amounted to 26.1% and 40. 0% following administration of @entity2 (72, 360 mg kg(-1) day(-1) x 15 days), respectively. Moreover, administration of @entity2 resulted in marked testicular histopathological changes. It is concluded that, @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity6 significantly impaired both testicular function and structure in @entity0 .

title: Adverse testicular effects of some XXXX members in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the last few years, a marked decrease in male fertility has been reported. Environmental factors were recently suspected for this effect. Among those factors is the misuse of drugs and in particular antibiotics. @entity5 are a group of antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum activity. @entity1 of some @entity3 members is controversial; a matter which stimulated our attention to investigate the adverse testicular effects of the most familiar @entity3 members, namely: @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity6 . They were given to @entity0 in doses of 72, 135 and 72 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o., respectively, for 15 consecutive days. @entity2 was also used to establish a dose-response relationship in doses of 36, 72 and 360 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o. for 15 consecutive days. Results revealed that @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity6 reduced testicular @entity7 activity by 39.8%, 62.7% and 60.7%, respectively. Moreover, sperm count, motility and daily sperm production were markedly decreased. @entity2 induced a dose-dependent decrease in testicular @entity7 activity, sperm count and motility. Furthermore, daily sperm production showed a marked reduction which amounted to 26.1% and 40. 0% following administration of @entity2 (72, 360 mg kg(-1) day(-1) x 15 days), respectively. Moreover, administration of @entity2 resulted in marked testicular histopathological changes. It is concluded that, @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity6 significantly impaired both testicular function and structure in @entity0 .

title: Adverse testicular effects of some @entity3 members in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of nasal mucosa @entity1 on radiation induced @entity2 . METHODS: Seventy two male @entity0 were randomly divided into two groups, control group and irradiation injured group (radiation dose were 40 Gy); the @entity0 were killed 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the finish of radiation. The middle turbinates of the animals were removed. The pathological change of the nasal mucosa were observed with scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, @entity3 and @entity4 (HE), alcian blue-periodic acid-Schif (AB-PAS), and Masson Trichrome (MT). The Hyp content in nasal mucosa was measured with chemo-chromatometry. RESULTS: After radiation, the pathological characteristics in early stage (within 4 weeks) was acute inflammatory reaction. The repair of nasal mucosa started 4 weeks after radiation, lasted to 6 months. The deposition of collagen in nasal mucosa could be found 1 week after irradiation and increased gradually. CONCLUSION: Irradiation could induce a serials of pathological changes on nasal mucosa. The nasal mucosa @entity1 may be one of the reasons of persistent irradiation induced @entity2 .

title: [Fibrotic remodeling of nasal mucosa in XXXX model after radiation injury].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity3 is unknown. In the liver, stellate cells play a major role in fibrogenesis by synthesising increased amounts of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins when activated by profibrogenic mediators such as cytokines and oxidant stress. AIMS: To determine whether cultured @entity0 pancreatic stellate cells produce collagen and other ECM proteins, and exhibit signs of activation when exposed to the cytokines platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) or transforming growth factor beta ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Cultured pancreatic stellate cells were immunostained for the ECM proteins procollagen III, collagen I, laminin, and fibronectin using specific polyclonal antibodies. For cytokine studies, triplicate wells of cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of PDGF or @entity4 . RESULTS: Cultured pancreatic stellate cells stained strongly positive for all ECM proteins tested. Incubation of cells with 1, 5, and 10 ng/ml PDGF led to a significant dose related increase in cell counts as well as in the incorporation of @entity1 into DNA. Stellate cells exposed to 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ng/ml @entity4 showed a dose dependent increase in alpha smooth muscle actin expression and increased collagen synthesis. In addition, @entity4 increased the expression of PDGF receptors on stellate cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 stellate cells produce collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, and respond to the cytokines PDGF and @entity4 by increased proliferation and increased collagen synthesis. These results suggest an important role for stellate cells in pancreatic fibrogenesis.

title: XXXX stellate cells are activated by proinflammatory cytokines: implications for pancreatic fibrogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To probe into an new methods preserving parathyroid gland of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity0 with @entity2 that primary treated were random divided into two groups: trial group and control group. Emulsion of activated- @entity3 particles was injected into the thyroid gland of trial group @entity0 . After thirty minutes, central compartment dissection was performed in the all @entity0 . The black stained tissue in the dissection specimen of trial group was separated. Total lymph node, @entity1 lymph node and parathyroid gland in the black stained tissue, and non-black stained tissue in the central compartment dissection specimen of trial group and central compartment dissection specimen of control group were counted respectively. RESULTS: Nineteen and twenty central compartment dissection was performed in trial group and control group respectively. There are 177 lymph nodes included 83 @entity1 lymph nodes in the black-stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. No parathyroid gland was found in the black-stained tissue. Nine lymph nodes included 2 @entity1 lymph nodes and 7 parathyroid glands were found in the non-black stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. There were 124 lymph nodes included 80 @entity1 lymph nodes and 8 parathyroid glands in central compartment dissection specimen of control group. There are statistic difference between the amount of lymph node in black stain tissue and that of control group (t = 0.340, P = 0.003). Rate of staining lymph node were 95.2 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node of VI group can be stained black by activated @entity3 particles, and parathyroid gland cannot be stained black. Maybe, parathyroid gland can be preserved by removing the black stain lymph node and retaining the non-black stained tissue.

title: [Parathyroid glands are differentiated from lymph node by activated- XXXX particles].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a report of a surgical procedure with which stenting after surgery of unilateral @entity2 can be avoided. METHOD: We start transseptally with a hemitransfixion incision. The vomer and the bony @entity1 plate are dissected submucosally and then resected with punches and a diamond burr, whilst the nasal and the pharyngeal mucosa of the @entity1 is preserved completely. The next step is to cut transnasally a door-like flap out of the nasal blade of the mucosa of the @entity1 , that is based laterally and with which the lateral raw surface of the new choana will be covered. Now a medially based door-like flap is cut out of the up to now intact pharyngeal blade of the @entity1 , with which the medial wound surface is to be covered. The flaps are fixed with fibrin glue and with a nasal tamponade for two days, as after septoplasty. It is not necessary to insert stents anymore. RESULTS: Between 1995 until 1998 we treated three female and two male @entity0 using this method. Their ages were 6, 17, 17, 20 and 35 years and the postoperative observation lasted 2, 4, 1, 3 and 3 years. A restenosis was not seen in any of the cases. CONCLUSION: Because of these results, it is recommended to treat unilateral choanal @entity1 of adults and @entity0 older than five years by using a combined transseptal-transnasal procedure. By using the described surgical technique postoperative stenting can be avoided.

title: [Combined transseptal-transnasal surgery of unilateral XXXX without using stents].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have evaluated the relationship between @entity8 atherosclerotic change and @entity6 @entity0 . Forty-eight @entity0 with @entity6 treated at our institution were included in this study. Their ages ranged from 38 to 86 years old (average: 61.5 years). There were 28 cases of @entity9 and 20 cases of @entity2 . Evacuation of @entity5 or ventricle drainage was performed in 18 cases within 3 days after the onset of symptoms. The outcome in these cases was that 40 @entity0 survived and 8 @entity0 died. Carotid @entity3 was evaluated by B mode-ultrasonography. The severity of @entity7 was assessed by using two indicators; incidence of @entity7 and maximum percentage diameter of the @entity4 . Carotid @entity3 on B mode-ultrasonography was detected more frequently in @entity0 with @entity2 (84.2%) than in those with @entity9 (51.7%). Maximum percentage @entity4 of @entity2 (17.2 +/- 15.2%) was higher than maximum percentage @entity4 of @entity9 (6.4 +/- 9.7%). In conclusion, @entity7 was an effective indicator of not only ischemical @entity1 but also of @entity6 .

title: [An ultrasonic study of the relationship between extracranial @entity7 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: We have evaluated the relationship between @entity8 atherosclerotic change and @entity6 @entity0 . Forty-eight @entity0 with @entity6 treated at our institution were included in this study. Their ages ranged from 38 to 86 years old (average: 61.5 years). There were 28 cases of @entity9 and 20 cases of @entity2 . Evacuation of @entity5 or ventricle drainage was performed in 18 cases within 3 days after the onset of symptoms. The outcome in these cases was that 40 @entity0 survived and 8 @entity0 died. Carotid @entity3 was evaluated by B mode-ultrasonography. The severity of @entity7 was assessed by using two indicators; incidence of @entity7 and maximum percentage diameter of the @entity4 . Carotid @entity3 on B mode-ultrasonography was detected more frequently in @entity0 with @entity2 (84.2%) than in those with @entity9 (51.7%). Maximum percentage @entity4 of @entity2 (17.2 +/- 15.2%) was higher than maximum percentage @entity4 of @entity9 (6.4 +/- 9.7%). In conclusion, @entity7 was an effective indicator of not only ischemical @entity1 but also of @entity6 .

title: [An ultrasonic study of the relationship between extracranial XXXX and @entity6 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Severe twin-twin transfusion can be treated by either serial amniocenteses with removal of large volumes of amniotic fluid or by endoscopic laser coagulation of the communicating vessels. We investigated the benefit of laser surgery in comparison to serial amniocenteses in terms of pregnancy outcome. STUDY DESIGN: The data used in this comparative study were collected from 116 @entity0 with severe @entity2 between 17 and 25 weeks' gestation. The @entity0 were grouped according to the treatment center. The first group comprised 73 @entity0 (median gestational age 20.7 weeks) treated in Hamburg by fetoscopic laser coagulation of the vascular placental anastomoses between January 1995 and May 1997. The second group comprised 43 @entity0 (median gestational age 20.4 weeks), fulfilling identical diagnostic criteria and treated in Bonn by serial amniocenteses between 1992 and 1996. RESULTS: The overall fetal survival rate was not significantly different (61%, 89/146, vs 51%, 44/86; P =.239). There was a significantly higher proportion of pregnancies with >/=1 survivor in the laser-treated group (79%, 58/73, vs 60%, 26/43; P =.033). The number of cases with spontaneous @entity1 of both fetuses was significantly lower in the laser-treated group (3%, 2/73, vs 19%, 8/43; P =.003). The incidence of abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the brain was significantly lower among surviving neonates after laser surgery than after amniocenteses (6%, 5/89, vs 18%, 8/44; P =. 03). For pregnancies with >/=1 live-born baby, a significantly longer interval between first intervention and delivery (median 90 vs 72 days, P =.022) leading to a significantly higher gestational age at delivery (median 33.7 vs 30.7 weeks, P =.018) was observed for the laser-treated group. The birth weights of the donor fetuses were significantly higher in the laser-treated group (median 1750 vs 1145 g, P =.034), and a trend toward higher birth weight was also found for recipient fetuses (median 2000 vs 1560 g, P =.076). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that endoscopic laser coagulation of placental vascular anastomoses offers a more effective alternative to serial amniocenteses as a treatment of severe second-trimester @entity2 .

title: Endoscopic laser surgery versus serial amniocenteses in the treatment of severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the neuroprotective effect of @entity12 on hypoxicischemic @entity3 and how the timing of @entity11 administration changes its effect in the newborn @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity1 (n = 91) were exposed to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2 hours of @entity5 (8% @entity0 in 92% @entity8 ). @entity12 (270 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before (pretreatment) or 30 minutes after (posttreatment) the 2 hours of @entity5 . In each experiment equivalent amounts of saline solution were administered as controls. Seven days after the injury the @entity1 were killed and the brains were removed for histologic study with @entity9 and @entity10 staining. The severity of @entity7 and @entity6 was evaluated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and compared by chi2 test between the @entity11 group and the controls. RESULTS: Ionized @entity11 concentrations were significantly increased from 0.52 +/- 0.02 mmol/L to 1.38 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 0.5 hour after injection and thereafter gradually decreased to 0.73 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 3.5 hours. @entity11 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity4 (0% in @entity11 vs 29% in controls) and protected the cerebral cortex from @entity6 (the incidence of normal, mild, moderate, and severe @entity6 was 48%, 29%, 5%, and 19% in @entity11 and 30%, 5%, 25%, and 40% in controls, respectively) in the pretreatment group. In the posttreatment group @entity11 caused increased @entity6 compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: @entity12 has neuroprotective effects against @entity5 - @entity2 . This effect is restricted to the pretreatment group in which @entity12 is administered before the insult.

title: Pretreatment with @entity12 protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury but postasphyxial treatment worsens XXXX in seven-day-old @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the neuroprotective effect of @entity12 on hypoxicischemic @entity3 and how the timing of @entity11 administration changes its effect in the newborn @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity1 (n = 91) were exposed to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2 hours of @entity5 (8% @entity0 in 92% @entity8 ). @entity12 (270 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before (pretreatment) or 30 minutes after (posttreatment) the 2 hours of @entity5 . In each experiment equivalent amounts of saline solution were administered as controls. Seven days after the injury the @entity1 were killed and the brains were removed for histologic study with @entity9 and @entity10 staining. The severity of @entity7 and @entity6 was evaluated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and compared by chi2 test between the @entity11 group and the controls. RESULTS: Ionized @entity11 concentrations were significantly increased from 0.52 +/- 0.02 mmol/L to 1.38 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 0.5 hour after injection and thereafter gradually decreased to 0.73 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 3.5 hours. @entity11 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity4 (0% in @entity11 vs 29% in controls) and protected the cerebral cortex from @entity6 (the incidence of normal, mild, moderate, and severe @entity6 was 48%, 29%, 5%, and 19% in @entity11 and 30%, 5%, 25%, and 40% in controls, respectively) in the pretreatment group. In the posttreatment group @entity11 caused increased @entity6 compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: @entity12 has neuroprotective effects against @entity5 - @entity2 . This effect is restricted to the pretreatment group in which @entity12 is administered before the insult.

title: Pretreatment with XXXX protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury but postasphyxial treatment worsens @entity3 in seven-day-old @entity1 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the neuroprotective effect of @entity12 on hypoxicischemic @entity3 and how the timing of @entity11 administration changes its effect in the newborn @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity1 (n = 91) were exposed to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2 hours of @entity5 (8% @entity0 in 92% @entity8 ). @entity12 (270 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before (pretreatment) or 30 minutes after (posttreatment) the 2 hours of @entity5 . In each experiment equivalent amounts of saline solution were administered as controls. Seven days after the injury the @entity1 were killed and the brains were removed for histologic study with @entity9 and @entity10 staining. The severity of @entity7 and @entity6 was evaluated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and compared by chi2 test between the @entity11 group and the controls. RESULTS: Ionized @entity11 concentrations were significantly increased from 0.52 +/- 0.02 mmol/L to 1.38 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 0.5 hour after injection and thereafter gradually decreased to 0.73 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 3.5 hours. @entity11 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity4 (0% in @entity11 vs 29% in controls) and protected the cerebral cortex from @entity6 (the incidence of normal, mild, moderate, and severe @entity6 was 48%, 29%, 5%, and 19% in @entity11 and 30%, 5%, 25%, and 40% in controls, respectively) in the pretreatment group. In the posttreatment group @entity11 caused increased @entity6 compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: @entity12 has neuroprotective effects against @entity5 - @entity2 . This effect is restricted to the pretreatment group in which @entity12 is administered before the insult.

title: Pretreatment with @entity12 protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury but postasphyxial treatment worsens @entity3 in seven-day-old XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Abrupt cessation of regular use of @entity2 in a dependent @entity0 causes a @entity8 that may range from mild to extremely severe. Most @entity0 require pharmacologic intervention, especially those with severe symptoms. Historically, the pharmacotherapy of @entity2 withdrawal has involved a wide variety of agents. @entity5 are currently preferred due to their consistently high degree of efficacy and laudable record of safety. In addition, beta blockers and @entity6 are useful, as both effectively combat the @entity1 and @entity4 commonly associated with withdrawal. They are ineffective as anticonvulsants; however. Opinions differ concerning the best treatment for @entity3 . Prophylaxis with @entity5 may be all that is required, although some authors advocate the use of @entity7 for 5 days, especially in @entity0 with a history of prior @entity3 during @entity2 withdrawal. Once established, delirium @entity9 are difficult to treat. @entity5 are most commonly used to provide sedation, and extremely large doses may be required. Careful clinical assessment is essential to the proper treatment of @entity0 undergoing @entity2 withdrawal since the coexistence of medical problems may complicate the condition.

title: The treatment of XXXX withdrawal.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 mustard (SM), also known as @entity8 , is an alkylating compound used as a chemical weapon in World War I and by Iraqi forces against Iranians and indigenous Iraqi Kurds during the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s. Although SM is a proven carcinogen there are conflicting views regarding the carcinogenicity of a single exposure. The present study characterizes @entity1 formed in @entity8 victims from the Iran-Iraq War. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Demographic information and @entity2 specimens were collected from 20 Iranian @entity1 @entity0 with single high-dose SM exposures during the Iran-Iraq War. Formalin-fixed, @entity6 -embedded @entity1 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for @entity5 protein. In addition, DNA was extracted from the tissues, PCR amplified and sequenced to identify mutations in the @entity5 and @entity7 genes associated with SM exposure. RESULTS: A relatively early @entity1 onset (ranging from 28 to 73 with a mean of 48) in @entity8 victims, particularly those in the non-smoking population (mean age of 40.7), may be an indication of a unique etiology for these @entity2 . Seven of the 20 @entity0 developed @entity1 before the age of 40. Five of 16 @entity2 from which DNA sequence data was obtainable provided information on eight @entity5 mutations (within exons 5-8). These mutations were predominately G to A transitions; a mutation consistent with the DNA lesion caused by SM. Two of the @entity1 had multiple @entity5 point mutations, similar to results obtained from factory workers chronically exposed to mustard agent. No mutations were detected in the @entity7 gene. DISCUSSION: The distinguishing characteristics of @entity3 in these @entity8 victims suggest that a single exposure may increase the risk of @entity1 development in some individuals.

title: Mustard gas exposure and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the impact of selective imaging on clinical management of @entity0 who present with symptoms suggesting @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a two-and-half year period, 941 consecutive @entity0 with right lower @entity1 were analyzed. @entity0 who underwent selective imaging were compared to those treated without further imaging. RESULTS: In 650 (69%) @entity0 with right lower @entity1 , diagnosis was based on medical history, physical and laboratory examination only. The diagnostic accuracy was 84%. Another 291 @entity0 (31%) underwent selective imaging reaching a diagnostic accuracy of 71%. Ultrasound was conducted in 277 @entity0 (sensitivity: 59%; specificity: 91%). CT scan was conducted in 43 @entity0 (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 95%). CONCLUSION: The present study shows that, in the majority of @entity0 , @entity3 acuta can be diagnosed without the aid of imaging studies. In all these cases, high diagnostic accuracy rates and low morbidity rates were achieved. In all the other cases when clinical diagnosis is uncertain, further evaluation should include imaging. In our series ultrasound is of limited value; CT scan or diagnostic laparoscopy seems superior.

title: Evaluating routine diagnostic imaging in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity0 chronic disease self-management interventions target single-disease outcomes. We evaluated the effect of a tailored @entity2 self-management intervention on the unintended targets of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein @entity4 (LDL-C). METHODS: We evaluated @entity0 from the Veterans Study to Improve the Control of @entity2 , a 2-year randomized controlled trial. @entity0 received either a @entity2 self-management intervention delivered by a nurse over the telephone or usual care. Although the study focused on @entity2 self-management, we compared changes in HbA1c among a subgroup of 216 @entity0 with @entity1 and LDL-C among 528 @entity0 with measurements during the study period. Changes in these laboratory values over time were compared between the 2 treatment groups using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: For the @entity0 with @entity1 , the @entity2 self-management intervention resulted in a 0.46% reduction in @entity5 c over 2 years compared with usual care (95% confidence interval, 0.04%-0.89%; P = .03). For LDL-C, there was a minimal 0.9 mg/dL between-group difference that was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, -7.3-5.6 mg/dL; P = .79). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant effect of the self-management intervention on the unintended target of HbA1c, but not LDL-C. @entity3 self-management interventions might have "spill-over" effects on @entity0 ' comorbid chronic conditions.

title: The effect of a XXXX self-management intervention on @entity1 and @entity4 control.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity0 chronic disease self-management interventions target single-disease outcomes. We evaluated the effect of a tailored @entity2 self-management intervention on the unintended targets of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein @entity4 (LDL-C). METHODS: We evaluated @entity0 from the Veterans Study to Improve the Control of @entity2 , a 2-year randomized controlled trial. @entity0 received either a @entity2 self-management intervention delivered by a nurse over the telephone or usual care. Although the study focused on @entity2 self-management, we compared changes in HbA1c among a subgroup of 216 @entity0 with @entity1 and LDL-C among 528 @entity0 with measurements during the study period. Changes in these laboratory values over time were compared between the 2 treatment groups using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: For the @entity0 with @entity1 , the @entity2 self-management intervention resulted in a 0.46% reduction in @entity5 c over 2 years compared with usual care (95% confidence interval, 0.04%-0.89%; P = .03). For LDL-C, there was a minimal 0.9 mg/dL between-group difference that was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, -7.3-5.6 mg/dL; P = .79). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant effect of the self-management intervention on the unintended target of HbA1c, but not LDL-C. @entity3 self-management interventions might have "spill-over" effects on @entity0 ' comorbid chronic conditions.

title: The effect of a @entity2 self-management intervention on XXXX and @entity4 control.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity0 chronic disease self-management interventions target single-disease outcomes. We evaluated the effect of a tailored @entity2 self-management intervention on the unintended targets of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein @entity4 (LDL-C). METHODS: We evaluated @entity0 from the Veterans Study to Improve the Control of @entity2 , a 2-year randomized controlled trial. @entity0 received either a @entity2 self-management intervention delivered by a nurse over the telephone or usual care. Although the study focused on @entity2 self-management, we compared changes in HbA1c among a subgroup of 216 @entity0 with @entity1 and LDL-C among 528 @entity0 with measurements during the study period. Changes in these laboratory values over time were compared between the 2 treatment groups using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: For the @entity0 with @entity1 , the @entity2 self-management intervention resulted in a 0.46% reduction in @entity5 c over 2 years compared with usual care (95% confidence interval, 0.04%-0.89%; P = .03). For LDL-C, there was a minimal 0.9 mg/dL between-group difference that was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, -7.3-5.6 mg/dL; P = .79). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant effect of the self-management intervention on the unintended target of HbA1c, but not LDL-C. @entity3 self-management interventions might have "spill-over" effects on @entity0 ' comorbid chronic conditions.

title: The effect of a @entity2 self-management intervention on @entity1 and XXXX control.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a stress management intervention among 24 female @entity0 on sick leave due to work-related @entity2 . METHODS: The study design was quasi-experimental. All @entity0 received a standard individual treatment for stress at a company healthcare unit. Half of the sample was also enrolled in a group intervention aimed at coping with psychological/somatic symptoms of stress. Data were collected before and after treatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups, through questionnaires and blood sampling. Rates of return to work were assessed for up to 5 years. RESULTS: Levels of @entity1 decreased in both conditions and these improvements were maintained at follow-up. The experimental condition was superior in alleviating burnout, as measured with the Karolinska Exhaustion Scale. Paradoxically, these improvements were accompanied by significant increases in levels of glycated haemoglobin in both groups. At 5-year follow-up 40% of @entity0 in both conditions had returned to work. CONCLUSION: The stress management intervention seems to have beneficial effects on self-rated symptoms, but is comparable to treatment as usual with respect to rates of return to work. More studies are needed to investigate the impact of this intervention on physiological parameters.

title: Quasi-experimental evaluation of a stress management programme for female county and municipal employees on long-term sick leave due to work-related XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The critical injury of cold preservation is to the hepatic microcirculation. @entity0 free @entity2 and cell swelling have been proposed to be causes of allograft failure, and new solutions such as Marshall's isotonic @entity7 and University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions were designed to prevent cell swelling and free @entity2 . Experiments were done to determine whether Marshall's solution and UW solution protect the microcirculation, and whether they do so by preventing cell swelling or free radical-induced injury. To determine if the new solutions reduce sinusoidal lining cell injury, @entity1 livers were examined after preservation at 4 degrees C in @entity6 0.9% and @entity11 2 mM for 4 hr and 8 hr, in Collins' solution for 8 hr, and in both UW and isotonic @entity7 solutions for 8 hr and 16 hr. Next, the role of cell swelling in @entity2 was studied by storing livers in @entity9 solutions that accelerate liver @entity5 , and in a @entity8 -based preservation solution. Finally, to evaluate the role of active @entity0 species, SOD, catalase, and @entity3 were added to preservation solutions. The effect of @entity3 alone was also studied. In a related study, @entity4 was substituted for the free radical scavenger, @entity10 , in isotonic @entity7 solution. All livers were studied by light microscopy after perfusion-fixation. Storage in UW and isotonic @entity7 solutions resulted in clear improvement in the morphology of the sinusoidal lining. Increasing the rate of liver @entity5 by the use of @entity9 solutions did not accelerate the endothelial injury. @entity8 -based solution prevented @entity5 during preservation, but unlike UW or @entity12 solutions it did not retard the @entity2 . After preservation in the presence of SOD and catalase, or @entity3 , no improvement in the defined morphological features of the endothelial injury was noted when compared with respective controls; nor was the benefit of isotonic @entity7 solution lessened by the removal of the free radical scavenger @entity10 . We conclude that @entity2 produced by @entity2 is due neither to free radical-mediated injury nor to cell swelling. As both UW and isotonic @entity7 solutions provide significant protection to the microcirculation, they must do so by a yet-undetermined mechanism.

title: Evidence that cold preservation-induced @entity2 in liver allografts is not mediated by XXXX -free radicals or cell swelling in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The critical injury of cold preservation is to the hepatic microcirculation. @entity0 free @entity2 and cell swelling have been proposed to be causes of allograft failure, and new solutions such as Marshall's isotonic @entity7 and University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions were designed to prevent cell swelling and free @entity2 . Experiments were done to determine whether Marshall's solution and UW solution protect the microcirculation, and whether they do so by preventing cell swelling or free radical-induced injury. To determine if the new solutions reduce sinusoidal lining cell injury, @entity1 livers were examined after preservation at 4 degrees C in @entity6 0.9% and @entity11 2 mM for 4 hr and 8 hr, in Collins' solution for 8 hr, and in both UW and isotonic @entity7 solutions for 8 hr and 16 hr. Next, the role of cell swelling in @entity2 was studied by storing livers in @entity9 solutions that accelerate liver @entity5 , and in a @entity8 -based preservation solution. Finally, to evaluate the role of active @entity0 species, SOD, catalase, and @entity3 were added to preservation solutions. The effect of @entity3 alone was also studied. In a related study, @entity4 was substituted for the free radical scavenger, @entity10 , in isotonic @entity7 solution. All livers were studied by light microscopy after perfusion-fixation. Storage in UW and isotonic @entity7 solutions resulted in clear improvement in the morphology of the sinusoidal lining. Increasing the rate of liver @entity5 by the use of @entity9 solutions did not accelerate the endothelial injury. @entity8 -based solution prevented @entity5 during preservation, but unlike UW or @entity12 solutions it did not retard the @entity2 . After preservation in the presence of SOD and catalase, or @entity3 , no improvement in the defined morphological features of the endothelial injury was noted when compared with respective controls; nor was the benefit of isotonic @entity7 solution lessened by the removal of the free radical scavenger @entity10 . We conclude that @entity2 produced by @entity2 is due neither to free radical-mediated injury nor to cell swelling. As both UW and isotonic @entity7 solutions provide significant protection to the microcirculation, they must do so by a yet-undetermined mechanism.

title: Evidence that cold preservation-induced XXXX in liver allografts is not mediated by @entity0 -free radicals or cell swelling in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The critical injury of cold preservation is to the hepatic microcirculation. @entity0 free @entity2 and cell swelling have been proposed to be causes of allograft failure, and new solutions such as Marshall's isotonic @entity7 and University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions were designed to prevent cell swelling and free @entity2 . Experiments were done to determine whether Marshall's solution and UW solution protect the microcirculation, and whether they do so by preventing cell swelling or free radical-induced injury. To determine if the new solutions reduce sinusoidal lining cell injury, @entity1 livers were examined after preservation at 4 degrees C in @entity6 0.9% and @entity11 2 mM for 4 hr and 8 hr, in Collins' solution for 8 hr, and in both UW and isotonic @entity7 solutions for 8 hr and 16 hr. Next, the role of cell swelling in @entity2 was studied by storing livers in @entity9 solutions that accelerate liver @entity5 , and in a @entity8 -based preservation solution. Finally, to evaluate the role of active @entity0 species, SOD, catalase, and @entity3 were added to preservation solutions. The effect of @entity3 alone was also studied. In a related study, @entity4 was substituted for the free radical scavenger, @entity10 , in isotonic @entity7 solution. All livers were studied by light microscopy after perfusion-fixation. Storage in UW and isotonic @entity7 solutions resulted in clear improvement in the morphology of the sinusoidal lining. Increasing the rate of liver @entity5 by the use of @entity9 solutions did not accelerate the endothelial injury. @entity8 -based solution prevented @entity5 during preservation, but unlike UW or @entity12 solutions it did not retard the @entity2 . After preservation in the presence of SOD and catalase, or @entity3 , no improvement in the defined morphological features of the endothelial injury was noted when compared with respective controls; nor was the benefit of isotonic @entity7 solution lessened by the removal of the free radical scavenger @entity10 . We conclude that @entity2 produced by @entity2 is due neither to free radical-mediated injury nor to cell swelling. As both UW and isotonic @entity7 solutions provide significant protection to the microcirculation, they must do so by a yet-undetermined mechanism.

title: Evidence that cold preservation-induced @entity2 in liver allografts is not mediated by @entity0 -free radicals or cell swelling in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The complications of anterior discectomy without fusion were analyzed on the basis of 450 consecutive cases treated surgically for @entity3 . There was no death related to the procedure. The most common complication was a worsening of the pre-existing @entity4 . This occurred in 3.3%, including one case with severe medullary contusion. @entity9 developed in 1.6%. @entity6 and wound haematoma, respectively, occurred in 1.3%; recurrent @entity2 , @entity10 , and @entity8 , respectively, in 1.1% of the cases. Epidural haematoma and instability of the cervical spine, respectively, occurred in 0.9%, nerve @entity1 and @entity7 , respectively, in 0.4%. There was one case each (0.2%) with a @entity1 , @entity5 due to dural perforation, transient additional @entity4 , and @entity11 . The results and the management of complications are discussed in relation to numerous previously published reports, including posterior procedures and anterior fusion techniques. Precise knowledge of all potential accidents and pitfalls related to the surgical procedure and of their aetiology may contribute to preventing failures. The rate of complications in this series has been reduced in the past years by better @entity0 selection, by paying more attention to correct positioning of the @entity0 during the operation, and by meticulous removal of all offending structures. Discectomy without interbody fusion is now considered to be a reasonably safe procedure with an acceptable operative morbidity and lack of mortality.

title: Complications of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion in 450 consecutive XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 colon @entity3 have histological parameters that are clearly associated with prognosis. These include @entity1 grade, pattern of invasion, presence of lymphocytes, and vascular involvement by @entity1 . The latter remains controversial with respect to the relative importance of intramural and extramural vascular involvement. Some studies show a poor prognosis for intramural invasion of capillary size vascular channels by @entity1 . On the other hand, when veins are involved by @entity1 , the presence of @entity1 in large extramural veins appears to have a much more ominous effect than intramural @entity1 involvement of small veins. The results of DNA analysis of @entity2 varied greatly depending on study methodology but several important points can be summarized: (1) higher stage @entity1 have a greater proportion of @entity1 ; (2) @entity1 tend to have a higher growth rate (SPF) and poorer survival than @entity1 ; and (3) @entity1 are associated with histological parameters indicative of a poor prognosis such as vascular invasion, but ploidy is not related to @entity1 grade. One of the major problems in drawing firm conclusions about the relationship of flow cytometric DNA measurements to prognosis is great variability among the reported studies. The types of variation appear to fall into two major categories: @entity0 selection and technical problems. The former are especially relevant in retrospective studies in which there is poor @entity0 definition (site, grade, stage, and other @entity1 ) and a bias for selecting early stage @entity1 which have improved survivals. The latter includes a spectrum of technical problems inherent in this widely but not necessarily uniformly applied laboratory procedure. This is particularly true for DNA analysis of nuclei removed from paraffin tissue blocks. For the most part, quality control measurements including cell yields, the efficiency of extraction or disaggregation of aneuploid cells, exclusion of non-neoplastic cells, and other features characteristic of the scientific method are seldom included in studies of DNA analysis of solid @entity1 . Hopefully, a consensus regarding optimum technical and analytic methods will evolve, followed by the careful definition of @entity0 @entity4 cohorts. The importance of further studies is suggested by the results of this review which indicated that the presence of an aneuploid cell population is associated with a less favorable prognosis for all @entity2 .

title: Histopathologic parameters and DNA analysis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Deviance partitioning can provide new insights into the ecology of host-parasite interactions. We studied the host-related factors influencing parasite prevalence, abundance, and species @entity1 in European brown hares ( @entity2 ) from northern Spain. We defined three groups of explanatory variables: host environment, host population, and individual factors. We hypothesised that parasite @entity0 rates and species @entity1 were determined by different host-related factors depending on the nature of the parasite (endo- or ectoparasite, direct or indirect life cycle). To assess the relative importance of these components, we used deviance partitioning, an innovative approach. The explained deviance (ED) was higher for parasite abundance models, followed by those of prevalence and then by species @entity1 , suggesting that parasite abundance models may best describe the host factors influencing parasitization. Models for parasites with a direct life cycle yielded higher ED values than those for indirect life cycle ones. As a general trend, host individual factors explained the largest proportion of the ED, followed by host environmental factors and, finally, the interaction between host environmental and individual factors. Similar hierarchies were found for parasite prevalence, abundance, and species @entity1 . Individual factors comprised the most relevant group of explanatory variables for both types of parasites. However, host environmental factors were also relevant in models for indirect life-cycle parasites. These findings are consistent with the idea of the host as the main habitat of the parasite; whereas, for indirect life-cycle parasites, transmission would be also modulated by environmental conditions. We suggest that parasitization can be used not only as an indicator of individual fitness but also as an indicator of environmental quality for the host. This research underlines the importance of monitoring parasite rates together with environmental, population, and host factors.

title: Deviance partitioning of host factors affecting parasitization in the European brown hare ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity0 who visit primary care physicians suffer from @entity1 , but physicians may miss the diagnosis or undertreat these @entity0 . Improving physicians' communication skills pertaining to diagnosing and managing @entity1 may lead to better outcomes. METHODS: We performed a randomized controlled trial involving 49 primary care physicians to determine the effect of the @entity1 Education Program on their knowledge of @entity1 and their behavior toward @entity1 @entity0 . After randomization, physicians in the intervention group completed the @entity1 Education Program, which consists of 2 4-hour interactive workshops that combine lectures, discussion, audiotape review, and role-playing. Between sessions, physicians audiotaped an interview with one of their @entity0 . Two to 6 weeks following the intervention program, physicians completed a knowledge test and received office visits from 2 unannounced @entity0 acting as standardized @entity0 with @entity1 . These " @entity0 " completed a checklist and scales. Logistic and linear regression were used to control for sex, specialty, and suspicion that the @entity0 was a standardized @entity0 . RESULTS: For both standardized @entity0 , more intervention physicians than control physicians asked about stresses at home, and they also scored higher on the Participatory Decision-Making scale. During the office visits of one of the standardized @entity0 , more intervention physicians asked about at least 5 criteria for @entity1 (82% and 38%, P = .006), discussed the possibility of @entity1 (96% and 65%, P = .049), scheduled a return visit within 2 weeks (67% and 33%, P = .004), and scored higher than control physicians on the @entity0 Satisfaction scale (40.3 and 35.5, P = .014). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 Education Program changed physicians' behavior and may be an important component in the efforts to improve the care of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Improving the recognition and management of XXXX : is there a role for physician education?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between physician communication patterns and the successful recognition of @entity1 is poorly understood. METHODS: We used unannounced visits by actors playing standardized @entity0 to evaluate verbal communication between primary care physicians and a @entity0 presenting with a minor @entity1 scenario. @entity0 (n = 77) were assigned to receive 2 visits from a @entity0 or @entity0 portraying a 26-year-old @entity0 with @entity2 who meets the criteria for minor @entity1 . The standardized @entity0 carried hidden audiotape recorders and high-fidelity microphones to document the encounters. The audiotapes were coded at 2-second intervals. These data were linked to information gathered from standardized @entity0 checklists, medical records, and debriefing telephone calls with @entity0 . RESULTS: We obtained complete data on 59 (77%) of the physician- @entity0 encounters; of those, 43 (73%) of the physicians recognized @entity1 . Physicians who recognized @entity1 asked twice as many questions about feelings and affect compared with those who did not (for feelings: 1.9% of total physician activity vs. 0.9%, P = .017; for affect: composite score of 2.7% of total physician activity vs 1.3%, P = .003). We found no differences in the proportion or timing of broad to narrow questioning between those who did and did not recognize @entity1 . Physicians who successfully recognized @entity1 later in the interview showed an increase in questions about feelings in the quartile just before recognition occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians who recognized @entity1 differed significantly in the percentage of questions about feeling and affect, and an increase in questions about feelings may precede a diagnosis of @entity1 , though more research is needed to establish this as an important finding.

title: How physician communication influences recognition of XXXX in primary care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of @entity8 on intracellular @entity2 levels ([ @entity0 ]i) in Madin Darby @entity1 kidney (MDCK) cells was studied using @entity3 as the @entity0 indicator. @entity8 increased [ @entity0 ]i dose-dependently at concentrations of 5-100 microM. The [ @entity0 ]i transient consisted of an initial rise, a gradual decay and an elevated plateau (220 s after addition of the drug). Removal of extracellular @entity0 partly reduced the @entity8 response. @entity6 quench of @entity3 fluorescence confirmed that @entity8 induced @entity0 influx. The @entity8 -sensitive intracellular @entity0 store overlapped with that sensitive to @entity5 , an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum @entity0 pump, because 20 microM @entity8 depleted the @entity5 (1 microM)-sensitive store, and conversely, @entity5 abolished @entity8 -induced internal @entity0 release. @entity8 (20-50 microM) partly inhibited the capacitative @entity0 entry induced by 1 microM @entity5 , measured by depleting intracellular @entity0 store in @entity0 -free medium followed by addition of 10 mM @entity10 . @entity8 induced capacitative @entity0 entry on its own. Pretreatment with 0.1 mM La3+ partly inhibited 20 microM @entity8 -induced @entity6 quench of @entity3 fluorescence and [ @entity0 ]i rise, suggesting that @entity8 induced @entity0 influx via two pathways separable by 0.1 mM @entity9 . @entity8 -induced internal @entity0 release was not altered when the cytosolic level of @entity4 (IP3) was substantially inhibited by the phospholipase C inhibitor @entity7 .

title: Mechanisms of XXXX -induced rise in cytoplasmic @entity2 concentrations in Madin Darby @entity1 kidney (MDCK) cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The effect of @entity8 on intracellular @entity2 levels ([ @entity0 ]i) in Madin Darby @entity1 kidney (MDCK) cells was studied using @entity3 as the @entity0 indicator. @entity8 increased [ @entity0 ]i dose-dependently at concentrations of 5-100 microM. The [ @entity0 ]i transient consisted of an initial rise, a gradual decay and an elevated plateau (220 s after addition of the drug). Removal of extracellular @entity0 partly reduced the @entity8 response. @entity6 quench of @entity3 fluorescence confirmed that @entity8 induced @entity0 influx. The @entity8 -sensitive intracellular @entity0 store overlapped with that sensitive to @entity5 , an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum @entity0 pump, because 20 microM @entity8 depleted the @entity5 (1 microM)-sensitive store, and conversely, @entity5 abolished @entity8 -induced internal @entity0 release. @entity8 (20-50 microM) partly inhibited the capacitative @entity0 entry induced by 1 microM @entity5 , measured by depleting intracellular @entity0 store in @entity0 -free medium followed by addition of 10 mM @entity10 . @entity8 induced capacitative @entity0 entry on its own. Pretreatment with 0.1 mM La3+ partly inhibited 20 microM @entity8 -induced @entity6 quench of @entity3 fluorescence and [ @entity0 ]i rise, suggesting that @entity8 induced @entity0 influx via two pathways separable by 0.1 mM @entity9 . @entity8 -induced internal @entity0 release was not altered when the cytosolic level of @entity4 (IP3) was substantially inhibited by the phospholipase C inhibitor @entity7 .

title: Mechanisms of @entity8 -induced rise in cytoplasmic XXXX concentrations in Madin Darby @entity1 kidney (MDCK) cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effect of @entity8 on intracellular @entity2 levels ([ @entity0 ]i) in Madin Darby @entity1 kidney (MDCK) cells was studied using @entity3 as the @entity0 indicator. @entity8 increased [ @entity0 ]i dose-dependently at concentrations of 5-100 microM. The [ @entity0 ]i transient consisted of an initial rise, a gradual decay and an elevated plateau (220 s after addition of the drug). Removal of extracellular @entity0 partly reduced the @entity8 response. @entity6 quench of @entity3 fluorescence confirmed that @entity8 induced @entity0 influx. The @entity8 -sensitive intracellular @entity0 store overlapped with that sensitive to @entity5 , an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum @entity0 pump, because 20 microM @entity8 depleted the @entity5 (1 microM)-sensitive store, and conversely, @entity5 abolished @entity8 -induced internal @entity0 release. @entity8 (20-50 microM) partly inhibited the capacitative @entity0 entry induced by 1 microM @entity5 , measured by depleting intracellular @entity0 store in @entity0 -free medium followed by addition of 10 mM @entity10 . @entity8 induced capacitative @entity0 entry on its own. Pretreatment with 0.1 mM La3+ partly inhibited 20 microM @entity8 -induced @entity6 quench of @entity3 fluorescence and [ @entity0 ]i rise, suggesting that @entity8 induced @entity0 influx via two pathways separable by 0.1 mM @entity9 . @entity8 -induced internal @entity0 release was not altered when the cytosolic level of @entity4 (IP3) was substantially inhibited by the phospholipase C inhibitor @entity7 .

title: Mechanisms of @entity8 -induced rise in cytoplasmic @entity2 concentrations in Madin Darby XXXX kidney (MDCK) cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors present their experience with @entity1 managed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). The goals of this study were to examine our institution's experience by evaluating surgical morbidity, mortality, and local recurrence rate. METHODS: This retrospective study investigated 402 @entity0 who underwent TEM a for preoperative diagnosis of @entity1 from January 1993 to October 2008. The mean age was 65 years (range = 22-92 years). All @entity0 were regularly followed up to determine treatment efficacy in terms of local recurrence rate. RESULTS: No 30-day perioperative mortality occurred. No conversion to laparoscopic or open procedures was reported. Minor complications occurred in 28 (7%) @entity0 , whereas major complications were found only in 2 (0.5%) @entity0 . Definitive histology confirmed @entity1 in 366 cases (91%). At a mean follow-up of 84 months (range = 1-190 months), 16 (4%) @entity1 recurred and were successfully retreated by TEM [14 cases (87.5%)] and by conventional surgery [2 @entity0 (12.5%)]. No further recurrences were observed at subsequent follow-up. CONCLUSION: The findings warrant the conclusion that TEM is a safe, effective treatment for @entity1 where endoscopic removal is not applicable and has low morbidity and no mortality.

title: Treatment of XXXX by transanal endoscopic microsurgery: 15 years' experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The ability of @entity7 (MF) to acutely relax @entity9 (PE)-induced contraction in the isolated @entity0 tail artery is reported to be accompanied by repolarization of the arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) membranes. These membranes contain @entity3 (K) channels which if opened could mediate such repolarization and resultant relaxation. We have shown that the acute relaxation of @entity0 tail arterial tissue rings by graded levels of MF > or = 0.24 mmol/L is markedly antagonized by a high concentration of @entity10 ( @entity6 ; 10 mmol/L) which nonselectively inhibits nearly all K channels. Thus, we tested effects of more selective inhibitors of K channels in the same tissue. We also tested MF for relaxation of @entity8 induced by high levels of extracellular K. To avoid confounding variables, we also conducted these tests in arterial rings in which endothelium and sympathetic nerve endings had been removed. In the absence of K channel inhibition, half-maximal PE-induced @entity8 were rapidly relaxed by all levels of MF with an EC50 of 1.7+/-0.2 mmol/L (n=8 rings). 1 mmol/L @entity4 ( @entity5 ) which only inhibits voltage-operated and @entity2 -sensitive K channels markedly antagonized this relaxation, shifting the EC50 for MF to 7.5+/-0.7 mmol/L (n=8; p < 0.05). TEA at 1 mmol/L (which only inhibits @entity1 -activated K channels), barium at 20 micromol/L (which only inhibits inward rectifier K channels) and glyburide at 5 micromol/L (which only inhibits @entity2 -sensitive K channels) did not alter this relaxation. Finally, MF failed to relax @entity8 produced by elevations of extracellular K to levels high enough to abolish the K gradient across arterial SMC membranes. Thus, acute relaxation of @entity0 tail arterial smooth muscle by MF may be dependent on the transmembrane K gradient and mediated at least in part by specific activation of K efflux through 4AP-sensitive voltage-dependent K channels in arterial SMC membranes.

title: XXXX antagonizes the acute relaxant action of @entity7 on adrenergic contraction in the ventral tail artery of the @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The ability of @entity7 (MF) to acutely relax @entity9 (PE)-induced contraction in the isolated @entity0 tail artery is reported to be accompanied by repolarization of the arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) membranes. These membranes contain @entity3 (K) channels which if opened could mediate such repolarization and resultant relaxation. We have shown that the acute relaxation of @entity0 tail arterial tissue rings by graded levels of MF > or = 0.24 mmol/L is markedly antagonized by a high concentration of @entity10 ( @entity6 ; 10 mmol/L) which nonselectively inhibits nearly all K channels. Thus, we tested effects of more selective inhibitors of K channels in the same tissue. We also tested MF for relaxation of @entity8 induced by high levels of extracellular K. To avoid confounding variables, we also conducted these tests in arterial rings in which endothelium and sympathetic nerve endings had been removed. In the absence of K channel inhibition, half-maximal PE-induced @entity8 were rapidly relaxed by all levels of MF with an EC50 of 1.7+/-0.2 mmol/L (n=8 rings). 1 mmol/L @entity4 ( @entity5 ) which only inhibits voltage-operated and @entity2 -sensitive K channels markedly antagonized this relaxation, shifting the EC50 for MF to 7.5+/-0.7 mmol/L (n=8; p < 0.05). TEA at 1 mmol/L (which only inhibits @entity1 -activated K channels), barium at 20 micromol/L (which only inhibits inward rectifier K channels) and glyburide at 5 micromol/L (which only inhibits @entity2 -sensitive K channels) did not alter this relaxation. Finally, MF failed to relax @entity8 produced by elevations of extracellular K to levels high enough to abolish the K gradient across arterial SMC membranes. Thus, acute relaxation of @entity0 tail arterial smooth muscle by MF may be dependent on the transmembrane K gradient and mediated at least in part by specific activation of K efflux through 4AP-sensitive voltage-dependent K channels in arterial SMC membranes.

title: @entity4 antagonizes the acute relaxant action of XXXX on adrenergic contraction in the ventral tail artery of the @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The ability of @entity7 (MF) to acutely relax @entity9 (PE)-induced contraction in the isolated @entity0 tail artery is reported to be accompanied by repolarization of the arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) membranes. These membranes contain @entity3 (K) channels which if opened could mediate such repolarization and resultant relaxation. We have shown that the acute relaxation of @entity0 tail arterial tissue rings by graded levels of MF > or = 0.24 mmol/L is markedly antagonized by a high concentration of @entity10 ( @entity6 ; 10 mmol/L) which nonselectively inhibits nearly all K channels. Thus, we tested effects of more selective inhibitors of K channels in the same tissue. We also tested MF for relaxation of @entity8 induced by high levels of extracellular K. To avoid confounding variables, we also conducted these tests in arterial rings in which endothelium and sympathetic nerve endings had been removed. In the absence of K channel inhibition, half-maximal PE-induced @entity8 were rapidly relaxed by all levels of MF with an EC50 of 1.7+/-0.2 mmol/L (n=8 rings). 1 mmol/L @entity4 ( @entity5 ) which only inhibits voltage-operated and @entity2 -sensitive K channels markedly antagonized this relaxation, shifting the EC50 for MF to 7.5+/-0.7 mmol/L (n=8; p < 0.05). TEA at 1 mmol/L (which only inhibits @entity1 -activated K channels), barium at 20 micromol/L (which only inhibits inward rectifier K channels) and glyburide at 5 micromol/L (which only inhibits @entity2 -sensitive K channels) did not alter this relaxation. Finally, MF failed to relax @entity8 produced by elevations of extracellular K to levels high enough to abolish the K gradient across arterial SMC membranes. Thus, acute relaxation of @entity0 tail arterial smooth muscle by MF may be dependent on the transmembrane K gradient and mediated at least in part by specific activation of K efflux through 4AP-sensitive voltage-dependent K channels in arterial SMC membranes.

title: @entity4 antagonizes the acute relaxant action of @entity7 on adrenergic contraction in the ventral tail artery of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Background: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is diagnosed when a @entity0 shows @entity4 . The diagnosis of pragmatic @entity2 (PLI) is given to @entity0 who show difficulties with the use of language in context. Unlike @entity0 with @entity5 , these @entity0 tend to show relatively intact @entity4 while they do exhibit clear communicative deficits. There is hardly any research on the relationship between pragmatic competence and behavioural problems. Existing research suggests a strong relationship, but has only been executed on clinical @entity5 samples. Moreover, it is not known whether pragmatic language problems are related to specific types of behavioural problems. Aims: This study aims to clarify the incidence and nature of behavioural problems in @entity0 with PLI using a prognostic design in mainstream education. This design should provide valuable insights into the general relationship between PLI and various behavioural problems. Methods _ Procedures: Teachers completed the @entity0 's Communication Checklist (CCC) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and provided additional data for a sample of 1364 @entity0 aged 4 years. Outcomes _ Results: Within the community sample, pragmatic competence is highly correlated with behavioural problems. Pragmatic competence is a good predictor of behavioural problems, and once pragmatic competence is accounted for, structural language abilities do not predict behavioural problems. @entity0 with pragmatic @entity2 often show behavioural problems, largely of an externalizing nature. The most prominent problems are hyperactivity and the lack of prosocial behaviour, which reach clinical levels for this group. However, all problem levels are elevated compared with normally developing @entity0 . Conclusions _ Implications: Young @entity0 with PLI show a wide variety of behavioural problems. Early assessment of pragmatic competence may benefit early detection of @entity0 at risk of behavioural problems. Furthermore, due to the relationship between pragmatic competence, behavioural problems and possible underlying disorders such as @entity3 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ), early assessment of pragmatic competence may also provide an early marker for the detection of @entity3 or @entity1 .

title: XXXX and associated behavioural problems.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Before total deinstitutionalization in Norway, many believed that the ordinary health care system could give @entity0 with @entity2 the same or even better health care than that which they received in institutions. It was said that institutions created @entity1 problems, and that these would diminish or even disappear with the closing of these establishments. The present study is a prospective cohort study without a control group. It examines the frequency of mental health problems and the @entity1 health services which 109 subjects aged between 16 and 65 years received before (1987) and after (1995) deinstitutionalization. Mental health problems were defined as behavioural disturbances, and @entity1 and symptoms. @entity1 were identified with the Psychopathology Instruments for @entity3 Adults (PIMRA), which were filled in by the carers. Behaviour disturbances were identified as having occurred or not during the previous year. Psychiatric problems remained frequent, and there was a significant increase in behavioural problems in spite of total deinstitutionalization and improved physical living conditions. Access to qualified help, such as psychologists and psychiatrists, had been substantially reduced. Most mental health problems among @entity0 with @entity2 are not solved by reorganization or deinstitutionalization, and such measures are no substitution for professional assistance.

title: Psychiatric health needs and services before and after complete deinstitutionalization of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Before total deinstitutionalization in Norway, many believed that the ordinary health care system could give @entity0 with @entity2 the same or even better health care than that which they received in institutions. It was said that institutions created @entity1 problems, and that these would diminish or even disappear with the closing of these establishments. The present study is a prospective cohort study without a control group. It examines the frequency of mental health problems and the @entity1 health services which 109 subjects aged between 16 and 65 years received before (1987) and after (1995) deinstitutionalization. Mental health problems were defined as behavioural disturbances, and @entity1 and symptoms. @entity1 were identified with the Psychopathology Instruments for @entity3 Adults (PIMRA), which were filled in by the carers. Behaviour disturbances were identified as having occurred or not during the previous year. Psychiatric problems remained frequent, and there was a significant increase in behavioural problems in spite of total deinstitutionalization and improved physical living conditions. Access to qualified help, such as psychologists and psychiatrists, had been substantially reduced. Most mental health problems among @entity0 with @entity2 are not solved by reorganization or deinstitutionalization, and such measures are no substitution for professional assistance.

title: Psychiatric health needs and services before and after complete deinstitutionalization of XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is becoming accepted as an established treatment for superficial @entity3 , the risks for developing @entity2 have not been elucidated. @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. From January 2002 to October 2008, 65 @entity0 with high-grade @entity4 treated by @entity5 were enrolled. Predictors of @entity2 were investigated by comparing results from 11 @entity0 who developed strictures with those from 54 @entity0 who did not. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two groups were observed in longitudinal diameter (45.0 +/- 15.9 mm vs. 31.5 +/- 13.6 mm) and circumferential diameter (37.2 +/- 8.6 mm vs. 26.8 +/- 9.7 mm) of the resected specimens, and the proportion of extension to the whole circumference of the lumen (< 1 / 2/ > 1 / 2/ > 3 / 4 : 2 / 4 / 5 vs. 40 / 13 / 1), histologic depth (HGIN/m2 : 2 / 9 vs. 41 / 13), and procedure time (85.6 +/- 42.8 minutes vs. 53.3 +/- 30.1 minutes). Multivariate analysis revealed that circumferential extension of > 3 / 4 (odds ration [OR]: 44.2; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.4 - 443.6) and histologic depth to m2 (OR: 14.2; 95 %CI: 2.7 - 74.2) are reliable risk factors. Subanalysis for each category by combinations of these risk factors revealed that @entity0 with lesions in > 3 / 4 of the circumferential area were associated with a high rate of @entity2 . By contrast, @entity0 with @entity1 in < 3 / 4 extension have no probability of postoperative strictures. Additionally, subanalysis of @entity0 with m2 lesions in < 3 / 4 circumferential extension revealed that circumferential diameter can be a reliable predictor for @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential extension and histologic depth are the reliable risk factors for postoperative strictures. In combination with circumferential diameter, we can perform effective and appropriate preventive balloon dilatations after esophageal @entity5 .

title: Predictors of @entity2 after esophageal XXXX for superficial @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is becoming accepted as an established treatment for superficial @entity3 , the risks for developing @entity2 have not been elucidated. @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. From January 2002 to October 2008, 65 @entity0 with high-grade @entity4 treated by @entity5 were enrolled. Predictors of @entity2 were investigated by comparing results from 11 @entity0 who developed strictures with those from 54 @entity0 who did not. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two groups were observed in longitudinal diameter (45.0 +/- 15.9 mm vs. 31.5 +/- 13.6 mm) and circumferential diameter (37.2 +/- 8.6 mm vs. 26.8 +/- 9.7 mm) of the resected specimens, and the proportion of extension to the whole circumference of the lumen (< 1 / 2/ > 1 / 2/ > 3 / 4 : 2 / 4 / 5 vs. 40 / 13 / 1), histologic depth (HGIN/m2 : 2 / 9 vs. 41 / 13), and procedure time (85.6 +/- 42.8 minutes vs. 53.3 +/- 30.1 minutes). Multivariate analysis revealed that circumferential extension of > 3 / 4 (odds ration [OR]: 44.2; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.4 - 443.6) and histologic depth to m2 (OR: 14.2; 95 %CI: 2.7 - 74.2) are reliable risk factors. Subanalysis for each category by combinations of these risk factors revealed that @entity0 with lesions in > 3 / 4 of the circumferential area were associated with a high rate of @entity2 . By contrast, @entity0 with @entity1 in < 3 / 4 extension have no probability of postoperative strictures. Additionally, subanalysis of @entity0 with m2 lesions in < 3 / 4 circumferential extension revealed that circumferential diameter can be a reliable predictor for @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential extension and histologic depth are the reliable risk factors for postoperative strictures. In combination with circumferential diameter, we can perform effective and appropriate preventive balloon dilatations after esophageal @entity5 .

title: Predictors of XXXX after esophageal @entity5 for superficial @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is becoming accepted as an established treatment for superficial @entity3 , the risks for developing @entity2 have not been elucidated. @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. From January 2002 to October 2008, 65 @entity0 with high-grade @entity4 treated by @entity5 were enrolled. Predictors of @entity2 were investigated by comparing results from 11 @entity0 who developed strictures with those from 54 @entity0 who did not. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two groups were observed in longitudinal diameter (45.0 +/- 15.9 mm vs. 31.5 +/- 13.6 mm) and circumferential diameter (37.2 +/- 8.6 mm vs. 26.8 +/- 9.7 mm) of the resected specimens, and the proportion of extension to the whole circumference of the lumen (< 1 / 2/ > 1 / 2/ > 3 / 4 : 2 / 4 / 5 vs. 40 / 13 / 1), histologic depth (HGIN/m2 : 2 / 9 vs. 41 / 13), and procedure time (85.6 +/- 42.8 minutes vs. 53.3 +/- 30.1 minutes). Multivariate analysis revealed that circumferential extension of > 3 / 4 (odds ration [OR]: 44.2; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.4 - 443.6) and histologic depth to m2 (OR: 14.2; 95 %CI: 2.7 - 74.2) are reliable risk factors. Subanalysis for each category by combinations of these risk factors revealed that @entity0 with lesions in > 3 / 4 of the circumferential area were associated with a high rate of @entity2 . By contrast, @entity0 with @entity1 in < 3 / 4 extension have no probability of postoperative strictures. Additionally, subanalysis of @entity0 with m2 lesions in < 3 / 4 circumferential extension revealed that circumferential diameter can be a reliable predictor for @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential extension and histologic depth are the reliable risk factors for postoperative strictures. In combination with circumferential diameter, we can perform effective and appropriate preventive balloon dilatations after esophageal @entity5 .

title: Predictors of @entity2 after esophageal @entity5 for superficial XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). To exert their pathologic effects, ACPAs must recruit immune effector mechanisms such as activation of the complement system. @entity0 models of @entity1 have shown that, surprisingly, arthritogenic antibodies activate the alternative pathway of complement rather than the expected classical pathway. This study was undertaken to investigate whether human anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti- @entity4 ) antibodies activate the complement system in vitro and, if so, which pathways of complement activation are used. METHODS: We set up novel assays to analyze complement activation by anti- @entity4 antibodies, using cyclic citrullinated peptide-coated plates, specific buffers, and normal and @entity2 sera as a source of complement. RESULTS: Anti- @entity4 antibodies activated complement in a dose-dependent manner via the classical pathway of complement, and, surprisingly, via the alternative pathway of complement. The lectin pathway was not activated by anti- @entity4 antibodies. Complement activation proceeded in vitro up to the formation of the membrane attack complex, indicating that all activation steps, including the release of @entity3 , took place. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that anti- @entity4 antibodies activate the complement system in vitro via the classical and alternative pathways but not via the lectin pathway. These findings are relevant for the design of interventions aimed at inhibition of complement-mediated damage in @entity1 .

title: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies from XXXX patients activate complement via both the classical and alternative pathways.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies of experimental animals show glomerular @entity3 to be important in the progression of @entity1 . We evaluated this connection clinically by examining the relationship between glomerular hemodynamics and histological changes in @entity0 with immunoglobulin (Ig)A @entity1 . METHODS: The subjects were 23 @entity0 with @entity1 . All @entity0 underwent renal biopsies. Glomerular hemodynamics, in terms of glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure ( @entity5 ) and the whole-kidney ultrafiltration coefficient, were calculated from the renal clearance, plasma total protein concentration, and pressure-natriuresis relationship. The severity of @entity4 , @entity2 and mesangial matrix expansion was evaluated semiquantitatively. RESULTS: @entity5 ranged from 33-69 mm Hg, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 79-112 mm Hg. Their correlation was not significant (r= 0.29, P= 0.18). @entity5 was significantly correlated with the @entity4 score, and also with the score for @entity2 (r= 0.65, P < 0.001 and rs = 0.59, P = 0.007, respectively), but not with the score for mesangial matrix expansion (r= 0.08, P= 0.72). MAP was significantly correlated only with the score for @entity2 (rs = 0.63, P = 0.004). In multiple linear regression analysis of the histological changes and hemodynamics, the @entity4 score and the score for @entity2 were correlated with @entity5 , but not with MAP. CONCLUSION: These clinical results support the speculation that glomerular @entity3 is involved in the @entity4 and @entity2 that occurs in @entity1 .

title: Relationship of renal histological damage to glomerular @entity3 in @entity0 with immunoglobulin A XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies of experimental animals show glomerular @entity3 to be important in the progression of @entity1 . We evaluated this connection clinically by examining the relationship between glomerular hemodynamics and histological changes in @entity0 with immunoglobulin (Ig)A @entity1 . METHODS: The subjects were 23 @entity0 with @entity1 . All @entity0 underwent renal biopsies. Glomerular hemodynamics, in terms of glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure ( @entity5 ) and the whole-kidney ultrafiltration coefficient, were calculated from the renal clearance, plasma total protein concentration, and pressure-natriuresis relationship. The severity of @entity4 , @entity2 and mesangial matrix expansion was evaluated semiquantitatively. RESULTS: @entity5 ranged from 33-69 mm Hg, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 79-112 mm Hg. Their correlation was not significant (r= 0.29, P= 0.18). @entity5 was significantly correlated with the @entity4 score, and also with the score for @entity2 (r= 0.65, P < 0.001 and rs = 0.59, P = 0.007, respectively), but not with the score for mesangial matrix expansion (r= 0.08, P= 0.72). MAP was significantly correlated only with the score for @entity2 (rs = 0.63, P = 0.004). In multiple linear regression analysis of the histological changes and hemodynamics, the @entity4 score and the score for @entity2 were correlated with @entity5 , but not with MAP. CONCLUSION: These clinical results support the speculation that glomerular @entity3 is involved in the @entity4 and @entity2 that occurs in @entity1 .

title: Relationship of renal histological damage to glomerular XXXX in @entity0 with immunoglobulin A @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies of experimental animals show glomerular @entity3 to be important in the progression of @entity1 . We evaluated this connection clinically by examining the relationship between glomerular hemodynamics and histological changes in @entity0 with immunoglobulin (Ig)A @entity1 . METHODS: The subjects were 23 @entity0 with @entity1 . All @entity0 underwent renal biopsies. Glomerular hemodynamics, in terms of glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure ( @entity5 ) and the whole-kidney ultrafiltration coefficient, were calculated from the renal clearance, plasma total protein concentration, and pressure-natriuresis relationship. The severity of @entity4 , @entity2 and mesangial matrix expansion was evaluated semiquantitatively. RESULTS: @entity5 ranged from 33-69 mm Hg, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 79-112 mm Hg. Their correlation was not significant (r= 0.29, P= 0.18). @entity5 was significantly correlated with the @entity4 score, and also with the score for @entity2 (r= 0.65, P < 0.001 and rs = 0.59, P = 0.007, respectively), but not with the score for mesangial matrix expansion (r= 0.08, P= 0.72). MAP was significantly correlated only with the score for @entity2 (rs = 0.63, P = 0.004). In multiple linear regression analysis of the histological changes and hemodynamics, the @entity4 score and the score for @entity2 were correlated with @entity5 , but not with MAP. CONCLUSION: These clinical results support the speculation that glomerular @entity3 is involved in the @entity4 and @entity2 that occurs in @entity1 .

title: Relationship of renal histological damage to glomerular @entity3 in XXXX with immunoglobulin A @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The fetal lung produces and metabolizes @entity2 (PG) E2. In vitro @entity1 induces surfactant production via E prostaglandin (EP)1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( @entity0 )-coupled EP (EP2 and EP4) receptors. Glucocorticoids alter PG function and increase lung function in preterm neonates. We hypothesized that fetal exposure to maternally administered @entity3 (betaM) enhances fetal lung EP1 and @entity0 -coupled EP receptor expression. Pregnant @entity4 were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with either betaM (n=7) or saline [control (CTR); n=8] at 0.7 gestation. Fetal lungs were removed at cesarean section 48 h after the first injection. We determined mRNA levels, protein localization and abundance for all four @entity1 receptors by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. EP receptors were widely distributed in bronchiolar epithelium, bronchiolar smooth muscle, and endothelium and media of blood vessels, but not alveoli. Compared with CTR, betaM exposure resulted in a twofold EP2 mRNA decrease (p<0.05) in male fetuses only. EP1, EP3, and EP4 receptor mRNA levels were unaffected. Western blot analysis showed no alteration in EP receptor protein expression. In summary, this is the first demonstration of the four EP receptors in fetal lung. The only change after 48-h betaM exposure was a gender-specific decrease in EP2 receptor mRNA.

title: Prostaglandin E2 receptor expression in fetal baboon lung at 0.7 gestation after XXXX exposure.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether endotoxin, @entity5 , and circulating adhesion molecules, measured sequentially in blood, can predict mortality and @entity6 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Inception cohort study with follow-up for 28 days. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit at a university hospital. @entity0 : A total of 14 consecutive @entity0 were enrolled in the study within the first 24 hrs after onset of @entity2 . Seven healthy subjects were studied as controls. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were analyzed for mortality and development of @entity6 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the end of the 28-day follow-up period, seven of the @entity0 were still alive (survivors) but the other seven (nonsurvivors) had died. At the time of enrollment in the study (day 0), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 28.4 in survivors (n = 7) and 28.7 in nonsurvivors (n = 7). In contrast, circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( @entity8 ) was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Circulating @entity8 predicted mortality in @entity0 with @entity2 with a sensitivity and a specificity of 71.4% each. Endotoxin, @entity5 , circulating @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity9 , and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, however, did not distinguish between survivors and nonsurvivors. In addition, circulating @entity8 at day 0 showed a significant correlation with the highest serum @entity4 observed during the entire study period (r2 = 0.963). CONCLUSIONS: Because only circulating @entity8 was higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors at day 0, circulating @entity8 may serve as an early prognostic marker for outcome in @entity2 . In addition, measurement of circulating @entity8 facilitates identification of those @entity0 with the highest risk of developing @entity3 .

title: Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as an early predictor of hepatic failure in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether endotoxin, @entity5 , and circulating adhesion molecules, measured sequentially in blood, can predict mortality and @entity6 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Inception cohort study with follow-up for 28 days. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit at a university hospital. @entity0 : A total of 14 consecutive @entity0 were enrolled in the study within the first 24 hrs after onset of @entity2 . Seven healthy subjects were studied as controls. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were analyzed for mortality and development of @entity6 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the end of the 28-day follow-up period, seven of the @entity0 were still alive (survivors) but the other seven (nonsurvivors) had died. At the time of enrollment in the study (day 0), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 28.4 in survivors (n = 7) and 28.7 in nonsurvivors (n = 7). In contrast, circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( @entity8 ) was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Circulating @entity8 predicted mortality in @entity0 with @entity2 with a sensitivity and a specificity of 71.4% each. Endotoxin, @entity5 , circulating @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity9 , and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, however, did not distinguish between survivors and nonsurvivors. In addition, circulating @entity8 at day 0 showed a significant correlation with the highest serum @entity4 observed during the entire study period (r2 = 0.963). CONCLUSIONS: Because only circulating @entity8 was higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors at day 0, circulating @entity8 may serve as an early prognostic marker for outcome in @entity2 . In addition, measurement of circulating @entity8 facilitates identification of those @entity0 with the highest risk of developing @entity3 .

title: Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as an early predictor of hepatic failure in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether young age at diagnosis is a negative prognostic factor in primary @entity0 and how stage of disease at diagnosis and treatment influences such an association. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study based on a population based database of @entity1 with @entity0 containing detailed @entity2 characteristics, treatment regimens, and survival. SETTING: Denmark. SUBJECTS: 10 356 @entity1 with primary @entity0 who were less than 50 years old at diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risk of dying within the first 10 years after diagnosis according to age at diagnosis after adjustment for known prognostic factors and expected mortality. RESULTS: Overall, young @entity1 with @entity3 who did not receive adjuvant treatment had a significantly increased risk of dying; risk increased with decreasing age at diagnosis (adjusted relative risk: 45-49 years (reference): 1; 40-44 years: 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.40); 35-39 years: 1.40 (1.10 to 1.78); <35 years: 2.18 (1.64 to 2.89). However, no similar trend was seen in @entity1 who received adjuvant cytotoxic treatment. The increased risk in younger @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant treatment compared with those who did remained when @entity1 were grouped according to presence of node negative disease and by @entity2 size. CONCLUSION: The negative prognostic effect of young age is almost exclusively seen in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3 who did not receive adjuvant cytotoxic treatment. These results suggest that young @entity1 with @entity0 , on the basis of age alone, should be regarded as high risk @entity1 and be given adjuvant cytotoxic treatment.

title: Factors influencing the effect of age on prognosis in XXXX : population based study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Whether right ventricular systolic time intervals accurately reflect right ventricular function in @entity0 with @entity1 was determined by assessing the correlation between right ventricular systolic time intervals and the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: A surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity0 : Twenty @entity0 with @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Right ventricular systolic time intervals were determined by the simultaneous graphic display of the electrocardiogram, the phonocardiogram, and the pulmonary artery pressure curve and were expressed as a ratio of the pre-ejection period/right ventricular ejection time. The total electromechanical systole was measured from the onset of the electrocardiographic wave complex to the pulmonic component of the second heart sound. Right ventricular ejection time was measured from the rapid upstroke of the pulmonary artery pressure curve to the dicrotic notch. Right ventricular ejection fraction, from which right ventricular end-systolic volume was derived, was measured by the thermodilution technique. Pulmonary artery dicrotic notch pressure was used as an estimate of right ventricular end-systolic pressure. Data were collected at the baseline and after one or two alterations in preload, to define the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship line. There was an inverse correlation between the pre-ejection period/right ventricular ejection time ratio and the slope of the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship line (r2 = .67; p < .0001). When @entity0 were divided into two groups, based on the pre-ejection period/right ventricular ejection time ratio, the slope of the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship line was lower in the group with a high pre-ejection period/right ventricular ejection time ratio (p < .0001). No difference in other hemodynamic data, between the two groups, was noted. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that right ventricular systolic time intervals reflect right ventricular performance accurately in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Assessment of right ventricular function by right ventricular systolic time intervals in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: There is accumulating evidence for a role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in protection against @entity1 . Only IgG1 and IgG3 are considered cytophilic and protective against P. falciparum, whereas IgG2 and IgG4 were thought to be neither and even to block protective mechanisms. However, no clear pattern of association between isotypes and protection has so far emerged. We analyzed the isotypic distribution of the IgG response to conserved epitopes and @entity3 blood-stage extract in 283 @entity2 -exposed individuals whose occurrence of @entity1 and @entity2 attack had been monitored for about 1 year. Logistic regression analyses showed that, at the end of the season of transmission, high levels of IgG2 to RESA and to MSP2 epitopes were associated with low risk of @entity1 . Indeed, IgG2 is able to bind FcgammaRIIA in individuals possessing the H131 allele, and we showed that 70% of the study subjects had this allele. Also, high specific IgG4 levels were associated with an enhanced risk of @entity1 and with a high risk of @entity2 attack. Moreover, specific IgG2 and IgG3 levels, as well as the IgG2/IgG4 and IgG3/IgG4 ratios, increased with the age of subjects, in parallel with the protection against @entity1 . IgG4 likely competes with cytophilic antibodies for antigen recognition and may therefore @entity0 mediated by antibody-activated effector cells. In conclusion, these results favor a protective role of IgG3 and IgG2, which may activate effector cells through FcgammaRIIA, and provide evidence for a blocking role of IgG4 in @entity1 .

title: High immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) and low IgG4 levels are associated with human resistance to XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is accumulating evidence for a role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in protection against @entity1 . Only IgG1 and IgG3 are considered cytophilic and protective against P. falciparum, whereas IgG2 and IgG4 were thought to be neither and even to block protective mechanisms. However, no clear pattern of association between isotypes and protection has so far emerged. We analyzed the isotypic distribution of the IgG response to conserved epitopes and @entity3 blood-stage extract in 283 @entity2 -exposed individuals whose occurrence of @entity1 and @entity2 attack had been monitored for about 1 year. Logistic regression analyses showed that, at the end of the season of transmission, high levels of IgG2 to RESA and to MSP2 epitopes were associated with low risk of @entity1 . Indeed, IgG2 is able to bind FcgammaRIIA in individuals possessing the H131 allele, and we showed that 70% of the study subjects had this allele. Also, high specific IgG4 levels were associated with an enhanced risk of @entity1 and with a high risk of @entity2 attack. Moreover, specific IgG2 and IgG3 levels, as well as the IgG2/IgG4 and IgG3/IgG4 ratios, increased with the age of subjects, in parallel with the protection against @entity1 . IgG4 likely competes with cytophilic antibodies for antigen recognition and may therefore @entity0 mediated by antibody-activated effector cells. In conclusion, these results favor a protective role of IgG3 and IgG2, which may activate effector cells through FcgammaRIIA, and provide evidence for a blocking role of IgG4 in @entity1 .

title: High immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) and low IgG4 levels are associated with human resistance to @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two hundred sixty-four @entity0 exhibiting @entity6 underwent operation for @entity9 between 1961 and 1977. Included were 27 pediatric @entity0 . @entity4 affected 132 adults. @entity7 affected 51 @entity0 with and 54 @entity0 without clinically overt extrarenal @entity3 . @entity2 kidney @entity8 hypersecretion (renal: systemic index greater than 0.48), associated with suppressed contralateral kidney @entity8 secretion (renal: systemic index approaching 0.0) predicted curability most reliably. Three hundred forty-eight operations were performed, of which 297 were primary and 51 were secondary procedures. Nephrectomy was initial therapy in 15 cases. Three operative @entity5 occurred among 51 @entity0 manifesting overt extrarenal @entity4 . No operative mortality was encountered among the other 213 @entity0 . Surgical benefits were afforded 96% of pediatric @entity0 and adults with @entity4 , 91% of @entity0 with focal @entity1 , and 73% of those exhibiting @entity10 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine retrospectively the outcome of postoperative radiation therapy in @entity2 . Local/distant control was assessed with attention to age, stage, lymph node involvement, histopathological differentiation and hormone receptor status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one male @entity0 were irradiated postoperatively at the chest wall (mean dose 50 Gy) and 16 @entity0 received radiation to regional lymph nodes. @entity1 distribution by stage was: stage 0 (9.7%), stage I (22.6%), stage II (32.2%) and stage III (35.5%). Nine @entity0 were subjected to additional hormone therapy and three @entity0 to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Local control was achieved in 30/31 (96.8%) @entity0 . Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS), disease specific (DSS) and disease free survival (DFS) at 5 years were 77% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.61-0.93), 84% (CI, 0.69-0.98) and 73% (CI, 0.57-0.91), respectively. Five-year DFS for stage 0 + I, II and III was 100, 56.3 and 67.3%, respectively. Favourable results were observed in @entity0 with negative axillary nodes with 5-year OS/DFS of 90.9% (CI, 0.74-1.0). For lymph node positive @entity0 DFS was 71% (CI, 0.4-1.0). @entity0 who presented lymph node metastases with extracapsular extension the 5-year OS was 80% (CI, 0.45-1.00), but the DFS was 0%. Stage of disease, lymph node involvement and histological differentiation were found to have statistically significant influence on DFS, but not on OS. CONCLUSION: Application of postoperative radiotherapy approved in females resulted in one local relapse in our study population. Other treatment modalities (hormone therapy/chemotherapy) should continue to be considered a necessary treatment option for appropriately selected @entity0 .

title: Adjuvant radiotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a systematic musculoskeletal ultrasonographic (US) assessment in the detection of residual disease activity in @entity0 with early @entity2 who achieved clinical remission. METHODS: We prospectively studied 106 early @entity2 @entity0 receiving conventional DMARDs according to a disease activity score (DAS)-steered therapeutic protocol over a 24-month period. Standard evaluation included clinical, laboratory, functional and systematic (44 joints) US assessment. US indexes of grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) @entity3 were correlated with clinical evaluation, laboratory indexes and clinical outcome. Clinical remission was defined when DAS was <1.6 at two consecutive visits 3 months apart. RESULTS: US examination was significantly more sensitive than clinical examination, both in active disease and in remission. In @entity0 with an active disease, both clinical and US indexes correlated with CRP, whereas in remission only PD still remained significantly correlated. In clinical remission, 95% of the @entity0 showed @entity3 , and 41% of them showed a positive PD signal. Positive PD signal, even in a single joint, resulted the main predictor of relapse within 6 months, both in univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of early @entity2 @entity0 treated with conventional DMARDs, US-GS can detect residual disease activity more sensitively than clinical examination both in active disease and in remission. Moreover, PD-positive @entity4 identifies an ongoing @entity1 even during remission and predicts short-term relapse.

title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of joint involvement in early XXXX in clinical remission: power Doppler signal predicts short-term relapse.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard treatment for @entity4 . However, until now there has been no clear indication that radiotherapy in that setting improves survival. This calls for critical assessment of the relation between the expected benefit and the number and severity of postradiotherapeutic side effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study 159 consecutive @entity0 with stage I and II @entity4 were treated with external radiotherapy and vaginal brachytherapy after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy (no surgical lymph node staging). Recurrence rates, survival and side effects were evaluated, in particular with regard to the relation of acute and late @entity3 . RESULTS: Five percent of all @entity0 developed a recurrence either in the abdomen or at distant locations. No pelvic relapses were diagnosed. Five-year relapse-free survival was 92% for stage IA + B, 84% for stage IC, and 79% for @entity1 . Acute @entity3 was seen in 65.4% of @entity0 , all grade 1 or 2, late @entity3 grade 1 or 2 in 18.8%, grade 3 or 4 complications in 1.8%. The estimated 5-year freedom from late @entity3 was 76.8%. Seventy-seven percent of all @entity0 with treatment interruptions or premature end of therapy experienced @entity2 . In ten of 33 @entity0 with late sequelae there was no free interval between early and late @entity3 . No relation of radiation technique/fractionation and the rate of side effects was noticed. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant radiotherapy leads to excellent pelvic control, with few serious complications. Major acute @entity3 shows significant correlation with the incidence of severe @entity2 , which we suggest to classify in part as consequential late effects.

title: Therapeutic outcome and relation of acute and late side effects in the adjuvant radiotherapy of XXXX stage I and II.

answer: @entity4