abstract: PURPOSE: To describe two Japanese families with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with unusual clinical features. METHODS: Two families from Kagoshima Prefecture with senile-onset @entity4 were examined. Three affected individuals through three successive generations of one family and three affected siblings in another family were examined and followed. RESULTS: The initial symptom of these @entity0 was a rapid or slow central @entity2 that occurred at an average age of 67.4 years. The major ophthalmoscopic changes consisted of soft drusen and @entity3 or @entity1 in the macula, which were progressive and ultimately led to disciform @entity5 . They had no difficulty with night vision. All the @entity0 had normal peripheral retina with intact peripheral fields. They maintained good ambulatory vision and could walk unguided until late in life. These @entity0 had a novel mutation in the tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinases-3 ( @entity6 ) gene. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of @entity7 from the East. Its clinical features differ from those of @entity7 @entity0 of the West, appearing closer to features of age-related @entity4 . These two unrelated Japanese families with an identical mutation in the @entity6 gene might be descendants of a common ancestor who carried the mutant gene.

title: XXXX in two Japanese families with unusual clinical features.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity0 affected with early stage (IA-IB) @entity5 ( @entity5 ), deemed medically inoperable, are usually treated by conventional 3D-CRT, with poor results in terms of @entity1 control and survival. Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) appears to be a valid alternative option, with high rates of local control and promising survival rates according to recent reported series. We herein report the final results of a prospective phase II trial of SBRT in 62 stage I @entity5 @entity0 , homogeneously treated with three fractions of 15Gy each, given every other day during a 1 week time, up to a total dose of 45Gy; dose was prescribed to the 80%-isodose encompassing planning target volume. @entity0 were immobilized in a dedicated stereotactic body frame; margins around gross @entity1 volume were 5mm in the axial plane and 10mm in the longitudinal direction. Median age was 73.7 years. A pathologic confirmation of @entity5 was obtained in 64.5% of @entity0 . Forty-three @entity0 had stage IA and 19 stage IB disease. The majority of @entity0 did not experience any @entity2 ; mild skin reactions, fatigue, @entity6 /cough or transient @entity3 were recorded in approximately 10% of @entity0 . With a median follow-up time of 28 months, 2 @entity0 experienced an isolated local relapse, 4 an isolated nodal relapse and 15 a systemic failure. At 3 years, local control rate was 87.8%, @entity1 .5%, overall survival 57.1%, with 8 out of 20 non- @entity1 related @entity4 . In multivariate analysis, @entity1 volume was associated with a better outcome. In our series, SBRT was well tolerated and confirmed its efficacy, with local control and survival rates globally superior to those reported using conventional radiotherapy. A longer follow-up is needed in order to establish a correct comparison with surgical series, and to fully ascertain a potential negative impact of SBRT on comorbidities of such a fragile @entity0 population.

title: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for early stage XXXX : results of a prospective trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Immunocompromised @entity0 , especially @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, have a high morbidity and mortality rate as a result of invasive @entity4 (IFIs). Therefore, effective and correct prophylaxis of these IFIs continues to be an important issue in these @entity0 populations. @entity4 in the lung are most often due to Aspergillus spp., but other non-Aspergillus moulds such as Mucor spp. can also cause @entity3 . Lung transplant recipients have the highest incidence of @entity1 of all @entity2 @entity0 . Prophylaxis should consider the risk factors affecting each group of @entity0 . As the lung is the target organ of most @entity4 due to moulds, aerosolised antifungal prophylaxis has been potentially considered to be a safe and effective strategy. Administration of a nebulised antibiotic achieves high local concentration of the drug, avoiding undesirable systemic effects and drug interactions. The use of aerosolised @entity5 ( @entity7 ) as prophylaxis or co-adjuvant treatment for @entity8 has been reported in several groups of immunosuppressed @entity0 . Lipid formulations of @entity7 penetrate the lung better and have a longer half-life than @entity9 (ABD). Prophylaxis with aerosolised lipid-based @entity7 products has several advantages over ABD: it can be administered at much longer intervals and is equally effective and better tolerated. Although several studies have been published using aerosolised @entity7 both as @entity6 and lipid formulations, available data remain inconclusive owing a lack of standardisation of administration procedures and doses.

title: Invasive XXXX in lung transplantation: role of aerosolised @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Immunocompromised @entity0 , especially @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, have a high morbidity and mortality rate as a result of invasive @entity4 (IFIs). Therefore, effective and correct prophylaxis of these IFIs continues to be an important issue in these @entity0 populations. @entity4 in the lung are most often due to Aspergillus spp., but other non-Aspergillus moulds such as Mucor spp. can also cause @entity3 . Lung transplant recipients have the highest incidence of @entity1 of all @entity2 @entity0 . Prophylaxis should consider the risk factors affecting each group of @entity0 . As the lung is the target organ of most @entity4 due to moulds, aerosolised antifungal prophylaxis has been potentially considered to be a safe and effective strategy. Administration of a nebulised antibiotic achieves high local concentration of the drug, avoiding undesirable systemic effects and drug interactions. The use of aerosolised @entity5 ( @entity7 ) as prophylaxis or co-adjuvant treatment for @entity8 has been reported in several groups of immunosuppressed @entity0 . Lipid formulations of @entity7 penetrate the lung better and have a longer half-life than @entity9 (ABD). Prophylaxis with aerosolised lipid-based @entity7 products has several advantages over ABD: it can be administered at much longer intervals and is equally effective and better tolerated. Although several studies have been published using aerosolised @entity7 both as @entity6 and lipid formulations, available data remain inconclusive owing a lack of standardisation of administration procedures and doses.

title: Invasive @entity4 in lung transplantation: role of aerosolised XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Motor disturbances are sometimes associated with @entity2 by unknown mechanisms. AIM: To determine if there is a quantitative link between intestinal motility and epithelial secretion. SUBJECTS: Experiments were performed in 21 healthy volunteers and three @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Duodenal and jejunal motor activities were registered in the fasted state by open tip manometry. Secretion was measured directly by marker perfusion and indirectly by recording transmural @entity3 ( @entity3 ). RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between "low pass filtered" pressure and @entity3 , but no correlation was found between amplitudes of isolated contractions and @entity3 changes. During repeated phasic contractions (phase III of migrating motor complex), @entity3 increased at a rate that was higher in the duodenum than in the jejunum, and higher in @entity0 with @entity1 than in healthy controls. After reaching a peak, @entity3 decreased despite continuing phasic motor activity, provided that there was no concomitant increase in mean pressure. Fluid secretion increased roughly in parallel with @entity3 , except at the very end of the cycle. CONCLUSIONS: To explain these findings, one has to postulate participation of at least two types of receptor: a slowly adapting pressure sensitive receptor and another mechanoreceptor, possibly a mucosal touch receptor, to account for the run down phenomenon. This model predicts that short lasting trains of contractions, so called discrete clusters, will be a particularly potent stimulus for activation of mucosal secretion.

title: Pressure and frequency dependent linkage between motility and epithelial secretion in XXXX proximal small intestine.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity2 (CMNs) has become controversial as better data on complications have been published. OBJECTIVES: To determine the longer-term risks and benefits of surgery in treatment of CMNs. METHODS: In this 19-year prospective study, 301 families completed yearly questionnaires about treatments and CMN changes. Forty per cent of CMNs were > 20 cm projected adult size (PAS) or multiple CMNs. RESULTS: @entity0 were more likely to have had surgical treatments. There were no significant effects of treatment on the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, although the numbers for @entity1 were small. The majority of untreated CMNs lightened spontaneously during the follow-up period. Surgical treatment and satellites at birth were independently significantly associated with reported darkening of the CMN over the follow-up period. However there was no absolute measurement of final colour. Surgical treatment was associated with decreasing @entity3 of the CMN over the follow-up period. PAS was associated with increasing @entity3 . Excision with tissue expanders and PAS were significantly associated with an increased incidence of new satellite lesions. A proportion of @entity0 reported new pigmentation in previously unaffected skin at the edge of a treated area, the majority after complete excision. There was a high level of satisfaction with surgery in the < 20 cm group and in those with facial CMNs. This was significantly reduced with increasing PAS. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence here that surgery reduces the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes in childhood. The natural history of the majority of untreated CMNs is to lighten spontaneously, whereas some treatments may cause adverse effects.

title: Great Ormond Street Hospital for @entity0 Registry for XXXX : prospective study 1988-2007. Part 2--Evaluation of treatments.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity2 (CMNs) has become controversial as better data on complications have been published. OBJECTIVES: To determine the longer-term risks and benefits of surgery in treatment of CMNs. METHODS: In this 19-year prospective study, 301 families completed yearly questionnaires about treatments and CMN changes. Forty per cent of CMNs were > 20 cm projected adult size (PAS) or multiple CMNs. RESULTS: @entity0 were more likely to have had surgical treatments. There were no significant effects of treatment on the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, although the numbers for @entity1 were small. The majority of untreated CMNs lightened spontaneously during the follow-up period. Surgical treatment and satellites at birth were independently significantly associated with reported darkening of the CMN over the follow-up period. However there was no absolute measurement of final colour. Surgical treatment was associated with decreasing @entity3 of the CMN over the follow-up period. PAS was associated with increasing @entity3 . Excision with tissue expanders and PAS were significantly associated with an increased incidence of new satellite lesions. A proportion of @entity0 reported new pigmentation in previously unaffected skin at the edge of a treated area, the majority after complete excision. There was a high level of satisfaction with surgery in the < 20 cm group and in those with facial CMNs. This was significantly reduced with increasing PAS. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence here that surgery reduces the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes in childhood. The natural history of the majority of untreated CMNs is to lighten spontaneously, whereas some treatments may cause adverse effects.

title: Great Ormond Street Hospital for XXXX Registry for @entity2 : prospective study 1988-2007. Part 2--Evaluation of treatments.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Some cases of @entity9 ( @entity2 ) express markers found in natural-killer (NK) cells, such as @entity5 and @entity6 . Out of 84 T-cell @entity2 cases diagnosed at our Institution, @entity5 and/or @entity6 was detected in 24 (28.5%), which we designated T/NK- @entity2 group. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, survival and expression of cytotoxic molecules were compared in T/NK- @entity2 and @entity9 @entity0 . Significant differences were observed regarding age (24.9 vs. 16.4 years in T/NK- @entity2 and @entity9 , respectively, P = 0.006) and platelet counts (177 x 10(9)/l vs. 75 x 10(9)/l in T/NK- @entity2 and @entity9 , respectively, P = 0.03). Immunophenotypic analysis demonstrated that @entity4 , CD45RA and @entity3 were more expressed in T/NK- @entity2 @entity0 , whereas @entity1 and @entity7 were more expressed in @entity9 @entity0 (P < 0.05). The mean overall survival (863 vs. 1869 d, P = 0.02) and disease-free survival (855 vs. 2095 d, P = 0.002) were shorter in @entity0 expressing @entity5 / @entity6 . However, multivariate analysis identified @entity5 / @entity6 as an independent prognostic factor only for DFS. Cytotoxic molecules were highly expressed in T/NK- @entity2 compared to @entity9 . Perforin, @entity8 and @entity10 were detected in 12/17, 4/17 and 7/24 T/NK- @entity2 @entity0 and in 1/20, 0/20 and 1/20 @entity9 respectively (P < 0.001, P = 0.036 and P = 0.054). Therefore, the presence of @entity5 / @entity6 was associated with distinct clinical features and expression of cytotoxic molecules in the blasts.

title: The presence of @entity5 / @entity6 in XXXX correlates with the expression of cytotoxic molecules and is associated with worse response to treatment.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Some cases of @entity9 ( @entity2 ) express markers found in natural-killer (NK) cells, such as @entity5 and @entity6 . Out of 84 T-cell @entity2 cases diagnosed at our Institution, @entity5 and/or @entity6 was detected in 24 (28.5%), which we designated T/NK- @entity2 group. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, survival and expression of cytotoxic molecules were compared in T/NK- @entity2 and @entity9 @entity0 . Significant differences were observed regarding age (24.9 vs. 16.4 years in T/NK- @entity2 and @entity9 , respectively, P = 0.006) and platelet counts (177 x 10(9)/l vs. 75 x 10(9)/l in T/NK- @entity2 and @entity9 , respectively, P = 0.03). Immunophenotypic analysis demonstrated that @entity4 , CD45RA and @entity3 were more expressed in T/NK- @entity2 @entity0 , whereas @entity1 and @entity7 were more expressed in @entity9 @entity0 (P < 0.05). The mean overall survival (863 vs. 1869 d, P = 0.02) and disease-free survival (855 vs. 2095 d, P = 0.002) were shorter in @entity0 expressing @entity5 / @entity6 . However, multivariate analysis identified @entity5 / @entity6 as an independent prognostic factor only for DFS. Cytotoxic molecules were highly expressed in T/NK- @entity2 compared to @entity9 . Perforin, @entity8 and @entity10 were detected in 12/17, 4/17 and 7/24 T/NK- @entity2 @entity0 and in 1/20, 0/20 and 1/20 @entity9 respectively (P < 0.001, P = 0.036 and P = 0.054). Therefore, the presence of @entity5 / @entity6 was associated with distinct clinical features and expression of cytotoxic molecules in the blasts.

title: The presence of @entity5 / XXXX in @entity9 correlates with the expression of cytotoxic molecules and is associated with worse response to treatment.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Some cases of @entity9 ( @entity2 ) express markers found in natural-killer (NK) cells, such as @entity5 and @entity6 . Out of 84 T-cell @entity2 cases diagnosed at our Institution, @entity5 and/or @entity6 was detected in 24 (28.5%), which we designated T/NK- @entity2 group. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, survival and expression of cytotoxic molecules were compared in T/NK- @entity2 and @entity9 @entity0 . Significant differences were observed regarding age (24.9 vs. 16.4 years in T/NK- @entity2 and @entity9 , respectively, P = 0.006) and platelet counts (177 x 10(9)/l vs. 75 x 10(9)/l in T/NK- @entity2 and @entity9 , respectively, P = 0.03). Immunophenotypic analysis demonstrated that @entity4 , CD45RA and @entity3 were more expressed in T/NK- @entity2 @entity0 , whereas @entity1 and @entity7 were more expressed in @entity9 @entity0 (P < 0.05). The mean overall survival (863 vs. 1869 d, P = 0.02) and disease-free survival (855 vs. 2095 d, P = 0.002) were shorter in @entity0 expressing @entity5 / @entity6 . However, multivariate analysis identified @entity5 / @entity6 as an independent prognostic factor only for DFS. Cytotoxic molecules were highly expressed in T/NK- @entity2 compared to @entity9 . Perforin, @entity8 and @entity10 were detected in 12/17, 4/17 and 7/24 T/NK- @entity2 @entity0 and in 1/20, 0/20 and 1/20 @entity9 respectively (P < 0.001, P = 0.036 and P = 0.054). Therefore, the presence of @entity5 / @entity6 was associated with distinct clinical features and expression of cytotoxic molecules in the blasts.

title: The presence of XXXX / @entity6 in @entity9 correlates with the expression of cytotoxic molecules and is associated with worse response to treatment.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Increased rectal compliance has been proposed to contribute to pediatric functional @entity1 (FC). We evaluated the clinical relevance of increased rectal compliance and assessed whether regular use of enemas improves rectal compliance in @entity0 with FC. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on @entity0 (8-18 years old) with FC. Pressure-controlled rectal distensions were performed at baseline and at 1 year. Rectal compliance was categorized into 3 groups: normal, moderately increased, or severely increased. @entity0 were randomly assigned to groups given conventional therapy or rectal enemas and conventional therapy. Clinical success was defined as >or=3 spontaneous defecations per week and @entity2 <1 per week. RESULTS: Baseline measurements were performed in 101 @entity0 (11.0 +/- 2.1 years); rectal compliance was normal in 36%, moderately increased in 40%, and severely increased in 24%. @entity0 with severely increased rectal compliance had lower defecation frequency (P = .03), more @entity2 (P = .04), and more @entity3 (P < .001). After 1 year, success values were similar between groups: 42% normal, 41% moderately increased, and 40% with severely increased compliance. Barostat studies performed after 1 year in 80 @entity0 (37 conventional therapy and 43 rectal enemas in addition to conventional therapy) revealed that rectal compliance had not changed in either group and had not improved in successfully treated @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Constipated @entity0 with severely increased rectal compliance have severe symptoms. However, increased rectal compliance is not related to treatment failure. Regular use of enemas to avoid @entity3 does not improve rectal compliance in pediatric FC.

title: No role for increased rectal compliance in pediatric functional XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) increases protein @entity3 phosphorylation of numerous proteins in @entity0 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Two main proteins, with an apparent molecular weight of 44 and 42kDa, were phosphorylated after @entity1 stimulation of the @entity0 gingival fibroblasts. Further analysis identified these two proteins as @entity6 . Maximum phosphorylation was detected at 10min post- @entity2 treatment. Pretreatment with an @entity11 inhibitor, @entity9 , inhibited @entity2 -stimulated @entity6 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with @entity2 also induced phosphorylation of @entity12 ( @entity12 ). @entity5 , a @entity10 inhibitor, blocked @entity6 phosphorylation induced by @entity2 . In addition, @entity2 -induced cell death was prevented by @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity13 , which are @entity11 , @entity8 and @entity10 inhibitors, respectively. These results suggest that @entity2 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of @entity6 in a @entity10 -dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that the MAPK signaling pathway plays an active role in mediating the @entity2 -induced decrease in @entity14 cell viability and @entity4 depletion.

title: Activation of @entity6 by XXXX in response to @entity1 -induced cell death in @entity0 gingival fibroblasts.

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) increases protein @entity3 phosphorylation of numerous proteins in @entity0 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Two main proteins, with an apparent molecular weight of 44 and 42kDa, were phosphorylated after @entity1 stimulation of the @entity0 gingival fibroblasts. Further analysis identified these two proteins as @entity6 . Maximum phosphorylation was detected at 10min post- @entity2 treatment. Pretreatment with an @entity11 inhibitor, @entity9 , inhibited @entity2 -stimulated @entity6 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with @entity2 also induced phosphorylation of @entity12 ( @entity12 ). @entity5 , a @entity10 inhibitor, blocked @entity6 phosphorylation induced by @entity2 . In addition, @entity2 -induced cell death was prevented by @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity13 , which are @entity11 , @entity8 and @entity10 inhibitors, respectively. These results suggest that @entity2 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of @entity6 in a @entity10 -dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that the MAPK signaling pathway plays an active role in mediating the @entity2 -induced decrease in @entity14 cell viability and @entity4 depletion.

title: Activation of @entity6 by @entity12 in response to XXXX -induced cell death in @entity0 gingival fibroblasts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) increases protein @entity3 phosphorylation of numerous proteins in @entity0 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Two main proteins, with an apparent molecular weight of 44 and 42kDa, were phosphorylated after @entity1 stimulation of the @entity0 gingival fibroblasts. Further analysis identified these two proteins as @entity6 . Maximum phosphorylation was detected at 10min post- @entity2 treatment. Pretreatment with an @entity11 inhibitor, @entity9 , inhibited @entity2 -stimulated @entity6 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with @entity2 also induced phosphorylation of @entity12 ( @entity12 ). @entity5 , a @entity10 inhibitor, blocked @entity6 phosphorylation induced by @entity2 . In addition, @entity2 -induced cell death was prevented by @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity13 , which are @entity11 , @entity8 and @entity10 inhibitors, respectively. These results suggest that @entity2 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of @entity6 in a @entity10 -dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that the MAPK signaling pathway plays an active role in mediating the @entity2 -induced decrease in @entity14 cell viability and @entity4 depletion.

title: Activation of XXXX by @entity12 in response to @entity1 -induced cell death in @entity0 gingival fibroblasts.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) increases protein @entity3 phosphorylation of numerous proteins in @entity0 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Two main proteins, with an apparent molecular weight of 44 and 42kDa, were phosphorylated after @entity1 stimulation of the @entity0 gingival fibroblasts. Further analysis identified these two proteins as @entity6 . Maximum phosphorylation was detected at 10min post- @entity2 treatment. Pretreatment with an @entity11 inhibitor, @entity9 , inhibited @entity2 -stimulated @entity6 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with @entity2 also induced phosphorylation of @entity12 ( @entity12 ). @entity5 , a @entity10 inhibitor, blocked @entity6 phosphorylation induced by @entity2 . In addition, @entity2 -induced cell death was prevented by @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity13 , which are @entity11 , @entity8 and @entity10 inhibitors, respectively. These results suggest that @entity2 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of @entity6 in a @entity10 -dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that the MAPK signaling pathway plays an active role in mediating the @entity2 -induced decrease in @entity14 cell viability and @entity4 depletion.

title: Activation of @entity6 by @entity12 in response to @entity1 -induced cell death in XXXX gingival fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The proper choice of effective antibiotics is a mainstay for the treatment of @entity10 . The lack of native data regarding the microorganism causing the @entity2 and its antibiotic sensitivity prompted us to conduct this study. We retrospectively collected 29 cases of @entity10 admitted to Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital of Kaohsiung Medical College from January 1994 to September 1998. The effectiveness of antibiotics with bacterial susceptibility was analyzed. Of the 29 cases, fifteen were male and fourteen female. The @entity0 ranged in age from 7 months to 79 years (mean, 37.6 years). @entity6 (9 cases, 31.0%) is the most common etiology. Fourteen cases received both medical and surgical treatments. Eighteen cases had purulent discharge from the @entity2 areas sent for culture isolation of the microorganism. The culture positive rate was 50% (9 in 18 cases). The @entity3 (5 cases) was the most common pathogen. The bacterial susceptibility test showed drug resistance of 100% for @entity8 (seven out of seven cases; 7/7), 100% for @entity5 (10/10), and 0% for @entity9 (0/3) and @entity7 (0/7). @entity1 and @entity5 are not effective for those isolated bacteria. @entity11 and @entity4 , frequently used in first line treatment, might encounter drug resistance in some cases. @entity9 and @entity7 , without any resistance in bacterial susceptibility tests, could be used in vision-threatening, critical, and intractable cases.

title: Antibiotic treatment of XXXX : an analysis of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial susceptibility.

answer: @entity10


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) has been reported in sporadic @entity0 and in recessive pedigrees. Eleven mutations in @entity7 , a gene encoding an evolutionarily dynamic G-protein-coupled receptor, have been identified in 29 @entity0 from 18 families. The clinical features of @entity10 include severe @entity4 , motor and @entity1 , and @entity2 . No detailed description of the @entity2 is available for the @entity0 reported to date. We report three consanguineous families in which four affected individuals with @entity10 and @entity7 mutations had @entity5 . METHODS: Family studies, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG)-video recordings, and mutation analysis. RESULTS: In Family 1, with one affected proband, we found an @entity11 change in the second extracellular loop of @entity7 , involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. In Family 2, with one affected proband, we found an @entity8 change affecting the protein N-terminus and predicted to cause a premature truncation with loss of the G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site. In family 3, with two affected siblings, we found an @entity9 substitution in the protein N-terminus, involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. @entity2 , present in all four @entity0 , had started between ages 1 and 8 years, with @entity3 in one @entity0 and with de novo @entity5 in the remaining three. All @entity0 had @entity5 when last observed, at ages 13 to 32 years. DISCUSSION: Several genes, when mutated, can cause @entity6 that have been associated with the @entity5 . @entity10 caused by @entity7 mutations represents an additional, although rare, genetically determined cause of @entity5 .

title: XXXX , @entity5 , and @entity7 gene mutations.

answer: @entity10


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) has been reported in sporadic @entity0 and in recessive pedigrees. Eleven mutations in @entity7 , a gene encoding an evolutionarily dynamic G-protein-coupled receptor, have been identified in 29 @entity0 from 18 families. The clinical features of @entity10 include severe @entity4 , motor and @entity1 , and @entity2 . No detailed description of the @entity2 is available for the @entity0 reported to date. We report three consanguineous families in which four affected individuals with @entity10 and @entity7 mutations had @entity5 . METHODS: Family studies, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG)-video recordings, and mutation analysis. RESULTS: In Family 1, with one affected proband, we found an @entity11 change in the second extracellular loop of @entity7 , involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. In Family 2, with one affected proband, we found an @entity8 change affecting the protein N-terminus and predicted to cause a premature truncation with loss of the G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site. In family 3, with two affected siblings, we found an @entity9 substitution in the protein N-terminus, involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. @entity2 , present in all four @entity0 , had started between ages 1 and 8 years, with @entity3 in one @entity0 and with de novo @entity5 in the remaining three. All @entity0 had @entity5 when last observed, at ages 13 to 32 years. DISCUSSION: Several genes, when mutated, can cause @entity6 that have been associated with the @entity5 . @entity10 caused by @entity7 mutations represents an additional, although rare, genetically determined cause of @entity5 .

title: @entity10 , @entity5 , and XXXX gene mutations.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) has been reported in sporadic @entity0 and in recessive pedigrees. Eleven mutations in @entity7 , a gene encoding an evolutionarily dynamic G-protein-coupled receptor, have been identified in 29 @entity0 from 18 families. The clinical features of @entity10 include severe @entity4 , motor and @entity1 , and @entity2 . No detailed description of the @entity2 is available for the @entity0 reported to date. We report three consanguineous families in which four affected individuals with @entity10 and @entity7 mutations had @entity5 . METHODS: Family studies, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG)-video recordings, and mutation analysis. RESULTS: In Family 1, with one affected proband, we found an @entity11 change in the second extracellular loop of @entity7 , involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. In Family 2, with one affected proband, we found an @entity8 change affecting the protein N-terminus and predicted to cause a premature truncation with loss of the G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site. In family 3, with two affected siblings, we found an @entity9 substitution in the protein N-terminus, involving a highly conserved aminoacidic residue. @entity2 , present in all four @entity0 , had started between ages 1 and 8 years, with @entity3 in one @entity0 and with de novo @entity5 in the remaining three. All @entity0 had @entity5 when last observed, at ages 13 to 32 years. DISCUSSION: Several genes, when mutated, can cause @entity6 that have been associated with the @entity5 . @entity10 caused by @entity7 mutations represents an additional, although rare, genetically determined cause of @entity5 .

title: @entity10 , XXXX , and @entity7 gene mutations.

answer: @entity5


abstract: When a @entity0 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity0 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity5 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity3 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity1 @entity9 and @entity2 @entity7 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity6 . The modulation of expression of @entity6 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity6 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity4 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity8 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity0 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity0 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity6 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity6 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A @entity0 early response gene homologous to @entity1 @entity9 and XXXX @entity7 , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

answer: @entity2


abstract: When a @entity0 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity0 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity5 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity3 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity1 @entity9 and @entity2 @entity7 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity6 . The modulation of expression of @entity6 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity6 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity4 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity8 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity0 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity0 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity6 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity6 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A @entity0 early response gene homologous to @entity1 @entity9 and @entity2 XXXX , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

answer: @entity7


abstract: When a @entity0 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity0 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity5 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity3 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity1 @entity9 and @entity2 @entity7 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity6 . The modulation of expression of @entity6 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity6 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity4 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity8 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity0 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity0 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity6 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity6 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A @entity0 early response gene homologous to XXXX @entity9 and @entity2 @entity7 , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

answer: @entity1


abstract: When a @entity0 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity0 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity5 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity3 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity1 @entity9 and @entity2 @entity7 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity6 . The modulation of expression of @entity6 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity6 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity4 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity8 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity0 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity0 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity6 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity6 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A @entity0 early response gene homologous to @entity1 XXXX and @entity2 @entity7 , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

answer: @entity9


abstract: When a @entity0 fetal muscle cDNA library was screened with the @entity0 thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2 cDNA at low stringency, we found a weakly hybridizing cDNA. The sequence of the insert was 2498 basepairs, with an open reading frame of 1794 basepairs encoding a protein of 598 @entity5 and a predicted molecular mass of 64 kDa. The DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain are similar to those of @entity3 and thyroid hormone receptors. Moreover, this cDNA is highly homologous to @entity1 @entity9 and @entity2 @entity7 , which are early response genes induced by nerve growth factor and other serum growth factors. We designated this gene @entity6 . The modulation of expression of @entity6 during stimulation of cell growth was studied. The mRNA of @entity6 was induced rapidly and transiently by growth-stimulating agents, such as @entity4 , in monkey kidney cells ( @entity8 ), by phytohemagglutinin in @entity0 lymphocytes, and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. It is expressed in @entity0 fetal muscle and adult liver, brain, and thyroid. @entity6 could be a nuclear receptor. It will be of great interest to determine the ligand for @entity6 and the genes that are regulated by it.

title: A XXXX early response gene homologous to @entity1 @entity9 and @entity2 @entity7 , and related to the nuclear receptor superfamily.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 potently activates platelets via interaction with the @entity11 . @entity12 is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of @entity5 via antagonism of the @entity11 . Because @entity12 does not interfere with other pathways for hemostasis, it is possible that @entity12 reduces @entity7 with less increase in @entity4 than do other potent antiplatelet agents. STUDY DESIGN: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity12 during long-term treatment of @entity0 with established @entity8 receiving standard therapy (up to 27,000). Eligible @entity0 with a history of @entity6 , @entity3 , or @entity10 are randomized 1:1 to @entity12 2.5 mg daily or matched placebo until the end of study. Randomization is stratified by the qualifying disease and planned use of a @entity9 . The primary end point is the composite of @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity1 , or urgent coronary revascularization. The major secondary end point is the composite of @entity2 , @entity6 , or @entity1 . The evaluation of long-term safety includes @entity4 defined by the GUSTO and TIMI criteria. Recruitment began in September 2007. The trial will continue until 2,279 primary end points and 1,400 secondary end points are recorded with expected completion in 36 to 44 months from first enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is evaluating whether a new approach to platelet inhibition via interruption of @entity5 -mediated platelet activation reduces major cardiovascular events with a favorable safety profile in @entity0 with established @entity8 .

title: Evaluation of a novel antiplatelet agent for secondary prevention in @entity0 with a history of @entity8 : design and rationale for the XXXX -Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events (TRA 2 degrees P)-TIMI 50 trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 potently activates platelets via interaction with the @entity11 . @entity12 is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of @entity5 via antagonism of the @entity11 . Because @entity12 does not interfere with other pathways for hemostasis, it is possible that @entity12 reduces @entity7 with less increase in @entity4 than do other potent antiplatelet agents. STUDY DESIGN: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity12 during long-term treatment of @entity0 with established @entity8 receiving standard therapy (up to 27,000). Eligible @entity0 with a history of @entity6 , @entity3 , or @entity10 are randomized 1:1 to @entity12 2.5 mg daily or matched placebo until the end of study. Randomization is stratified by the qualifying disease and planned use of a @entity9 . The primary end point is the composite of @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity1 , or urgent coronary revascularization. The major secondary end point is the composite of @entity2 , @entity6 , or @entity1 . The evaluation of long-term safety includes @entity4 defined by the GUSTO and TIMI criteria. Recruitment began in September 2007. The trial will continue until 2,279 primary end points and 1,400 secondary end points are recorded with expected completion in 36 to 44 months from first enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is evaluating whether a new approach to platelet inhibition via interruption of @entity5 -mediated platelet activation reduces major cardiovascular events with a favorable safety profile in @entity0 with established @entity8 .

title: Evaluation of a novel antiplatelet agent for secondary prevention in @entity0 with a history of XXXX : design and rationale for the @entity5 -Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events (TRA 2 degrees P)-TIMI 50 trial.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 potently activates platelets via interaction with the @entity11 . @entity12 is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of @entity5 via antagonism of the @entity11 . Because @entity12 does not interfere with other pathways for hemostasis, it is possible that @entity12 reduces @entity7 with less increase in @entity4 than do other potent antiplatelet agents. STUDY DESIGN: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity12 during long-term treatment of @entity0 with established @entity8 receiving standard therapy (up to 27,000). Eligible @entity0 with a history of @entity6 , @entity3 , or @entity10 are randomized 1:1 to @entity12 2.5 mg daily or matched placebo until the end of study. Randomization is stratified by the qualifying disease and planned use of a @entity9 . The primary end point is the composite of @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity1 , or urgent coronary revascularization. The major secondary end point is the composite of @entity2 , @entity6 , or @entity1 . The evaluation of long-term safety includes @entity4 defined by the GUSTO and TIMI criteria. Recruitment began in September 2007. The trial will continue until 2,279 primary end points and 1,400 secondary end points are recorded with expected completion in 36 to 44 months from first enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is evaluating whether a new approach to platelet inhibition via interruption of @entity5 -mediated platelet activation reduces major cardiovascular events with a favorable safety profile in @entity0 with established @entity8 .

title: Evaluation of a novel antiplatelet agent for secondary prevention in XXXX with a history of @entity8 : design and rationale for the @entity5 -Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events (TRA 2 degrees P)-TIMI 50 trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To assess the interobserver and intraobserver variability in the clinical evaluation of the quasi-static pressure-volume (P-V) curve, we analyzed 24 sets of inflation and deflation P-V curves obtained from @entity0 with @entity1 . We used a recently described sigmoidal equation to curve-fit the P-V data sets and objectively define the point of maximum compliance increase of the inflation limb (P(mci, i)) and the true inflection point of the deflation limb (P(inf,d)). These points were compared with graphic determinations of lower Pflex by seven clinicians. The graphic and curve-fitting methods were also compared for their ability to reproduce the same parameter value in data sets with reduced number of data points. The sigmoidal equation fit the P-V data with great accuracy (R(2) = 0.9992). The average of Pflex determinations was found to be correlated with P(mci,i) (R = 0.89) and P(inf,d) (R = 0.76). Individual determinations of Pflex were less correlated with the corresponding objective parameters (R = 0.67 and 0.62, respectively). Pflex + 2 cm @entity2 was a more accurate estimator of P(inf,d) (2 SD = +/-6.05 cm @entity2 ) than Pflex was of P(mci,i) (2 SD = +/-8.02 cm @entity2 ). There was significant interobserver variability in Pflex, with a maximum difference of 11 cm @entity2 for the same @entity0 (SD = 1.9 cm @entity2 ). Clinicians had difficulty reproducing Pflex in smaller data sets with differences as great as 17 cm @entity2 (SD = 2.8 cm @entity2 ). In contrast, the curve-fitting method reproduced P(mci,i) with great accuracy in reduced data sets (maximum difference of 1.5 cm @entity2 and SD = 0.3 cm @entity2 ). We conclude that Pflex rarely coincided with the point of maximum compliance increase defined by a sigmoid curve-fit with large differences in Pflex seen both among and within observers. Calculating objective parameters such as P(mci,i) or P(inf,d) from curve-fitted P-V data can minimize this large variability.

title: An objective analysis of the pressure-volume curve in the acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: beta-blockers have been shown to benefit @entity0 after @entity2 by decreasing mortality, @entity3 , and reinfarction. Although beta-blockers are recommended for all @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) without contraindications, a target heart rate (HR) is recommended only for @entity0 with @entity6 /non ST-elevation @entity2 . A contemporary series documenting trends in beta-blocker usage and achieved @entity1 (BP) is not available. The study objectives were to monitor trends in HR and BP in relation to beta-blocker use in a contemporary series of @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: In this observational study, 300 consecutive @entity0 with proven @entity4 had HR and BP values collected hourly from admission until hospital discharge and averaged at multiple intervals throughout hospital stay. Data on baseline demographic characteristics, beta-blocker doses, and titration schedules, procedures performed, cardiac regimens, concurrent medical issues, and contraindications to therapy were collected. RESULTS: Only 5.3% achieved an average HR of 50 to 60 beat/min throughout the hospital stay. Overall, the average HR was 74 beat/min and average BP was 115/64 mm Hg. Admission daily doses of @entity5 averaged 58 mg compared to discharge daily doses of 88 mg; only 52% of @entity0 had dosage increases. CONCLUSIONS: Although effective levels of BP were maintained during hospitalization for an @entity4 , target HRs were generally not achieved. Future studies are needed to determine the relationship between treatment objectives and clinical outcomes in the present era of @entity4 management.

title: Use of beta-blockers and effects on heart rate and blood pressure post- XXXX : are we on target?

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study to describe @entity3 care regarding compression, @entity1 management and lifestyle advice in community settings and to identify factors that predict the provision of lifestyle advice by nurses. BACKGROUND: Incongruence between evidence and practice in leg @entity2 care has been reported. Little is known about predictive factors related to the provision of lifestyle advice. METHOD: Two focus interviews and a Delphi procedure were used to develop a self-administered questionnaire based on the Graham questionnaire. Nurses employed by community healthcare organizations and independent nurses in private practices participated (n = 789). The data were collected in 2006. FINDINGS: Compression was applied in 58.7% of @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity1 was present in 82.9%. A third of @entity0 with @entity1 received analgesics, but half of these @entity0 (52.1%) took analgesics as prescribed. Half of the nurses (50.8%) gave lifestyle advice related to the leg @entity2 . It was mainly instructions about leg elevation (68.3%), promoting physical activity (39.8%) and optimizing nutrition (16.7%) that were provided. Nurses who perceived themselves to have adequate leg @entity2 knowledge and skills were 3.75 times more likely to provide lifestyle advice compared with those lacking such knowledge and skills. Nurses who found leg @entity2 care not rewarding, rarely successful or difficult gave statistically significantly less lifestyle advice than those who found it rather rewarding, successful and not difficult. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with leg @entity2 receive less than optimum care and @entity0 education. A particular challenge lies in leg @entity2 education programmes and @entity1 management.

title: How evidence-based is XXXX care? A survey in community settings.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 are an important cause of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in young @entity0 . Despite advances in the treatment of genetically triggered @entity6 , the optimal syndrome-specific treatment approach remains undefined. We used data from the National Institutes of Health-funded, multicenter National Registry of Genetically Triggered @entity6 and @entity1 (GenTAC) to characterize the contemporary surgical treatment of @entity0 with genetically triggered @entity6 . METHODS: GenTAC's aim is to collect longitudinal clinical data and banked biospecimens from 2800 @entity0 with genetically triggered @entity6 . We analyzed data from the 606 @entity0 (mean age, 37.5 years) enrolled in GenTAC to date whose clinical data were available. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' primary diagnoses included @entity5 (35.8%), bicuspid aortic valve with @entity4 (29.2%), and familial @entity6 and dissections (10.7%). Of these, 56.4% had undergone at least one operation; the most common indications were @entity4 (85.7%), @entity3 (65.8%), and dissection (25.4%). Surgical procedures included replacement of the aortic root (50.6%), ascending aorta (64.8%), aortic arch (27.9%), and descending or thoracoabdominal aorta (12.4%). Syndrome-specific differences in age, indications for operation, and procedure type were identified. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with genetically transmitted @entity6 evaluated in tertiary care centers frequently undergo surgical repair. @entity4 repairs most commonly involve the aortic root and ascending aorta; distal repairs are less common. Like @entity6 themselves, complications of @entity6 , including dissection and aortic @entity3 , are important indications for intervention. Future studies will focus on syndrome- and gene-specific phenotypes, biomarkers, treatments, and outcomes to improve the treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX enrolled in the national registry of genetically triggered thoracic aortic conditions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal management of @entity1 after thoracotomy can be challenging. Continuous infusion of local anesthetic into the incision may help reduce the amount of narcotics required to control @entity4 . To address this issue, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of infusion of @entity6 versus placebo through intercostal and subcutaneous catheters after thoracotomy. METHODS: From April 2006 to June 2007, 124 @entity0 had intercostal catheters placed at thoracotomy and connected to continuous infusion @entity1 pumps. Each @entity0 had catheters placed in the intercostal space near the head of the rib and subcutaneously beneath the incision; both were connected to an infusion pump through a Y connector. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive placebo (normal saline solution) or 0.25% @entity6 as a 4 cc per hour infusion for 100 hours after thoracotomy. All personnel caring for the @entity0 were blinded to the content of the infusion. @entity3 scores, and oral @entity5 equivalent usage was recorded for each @entity0 . In addition to the infusion catheters, all @entity0 had epidural analgesia that remained in place until postoperative day 3. RESULTS: There were 60 @entity0 in the @entity6 arm and 64 in the placebo group. Overall mean age was 64.7 years and 65 (52.4%) were @entity0 . Mean body mass index was 28.8 kg/m(2). There were no statistical differences in any demographic parameter except that there were more @entity0 in the placebo group. Pulmonary resection was performed in 100 patients, an antireflux procedure in 16, and other miscellaneous procedures in 8. There was no statistical difference in the @entity5 equivalent usage between the two groups. There was also no difference between the average daily @entity1 scores between the two groups. Length of stay was not significantly different between groups: mean (SD) of 6.2 (3.4) and 6.7 (5.0) for placebo and @entity6 , respectively (p = 0.51). There was no operative mortality, and complications occurred in 28% of @entity0 (placebo group, 25%; @entity6 group, 32%; p = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial demonstrated that the infusion of local anesthetic into the subcutaneous area and around the rib @entity2 site in addition to epidural analgesia did not reduce the amount of narcotic usage after a thoracotomy, nor did it affect visual analog @entity1 scores. @entity1 control with intercostal catheters infusing local anesthetics did not produce a measurable @entity1 relief beyond that provided by epidural analgesia.

title: A randomized controlled trial of XXXX through intracostal catheters for @entity1 management after thoracotomy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal management of @entity1 after thoracotomy can be challenging. Continuous infusion of local anesthetic into the incision may help reduce the amount of narcotics required to control @entity4 . To address this issue, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of infusion of @entity6 versus placebo through intercostal and subcutaneous catheters after thoracotomy. METHODS: From April 2006 to June 2007, 124 @entity0 had intercostal catheters placed at thoracotomy and connected to continuous infusion @entity1 pumps. Each @entity0 had catheters placed in the intercostal space near the head of the rib and subcutaneously beneath the incision; both were connected to an infusion pump through a Y connector. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive placebo (normal saline solution) or 0.25% @entity6 as a 4 cc per hour infusion for 100 hours after thoracotomy. All personnel caring for the @entity0 were blinded to the content of the infusion. @entity3 scores, and oral @entity5 equivalent usage was recorded for each @entity0 . In addition to the infusion catheters, all @entity0 had epidural analgesia that remained in place until postoperative day 3. RESULTS: There were 60 @entity0 in the @entity6 arm and 64 in the placebo group. Overall mean age was 64.7 years and 65 (52.4%) were @entity0 . Mean body mass index was 28.8 kg/m(2). There were no statistical differences in any demographic parameter except that there were more @entity0 in the placebo group. Pulmonary resection was performed in 100 patients, an antireflux procedure in 16, and other miscellaneous procedures in 8. There was no statistical difference in the @entity5 equivalent usage between the two groups. There was also no difference between the average daily @entity1 scores between the two groups. Length of stay was not significantly different between groups: mean (SD) of 6.2 (3.4) and 6.7 (5.0) for placebo and @entity6 , respectively (p = 0.51). There was no operative mortality, and complications occurred in 28% of @entity0 (placebo group, 25%; @entity6 group, 32%; p = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial demonstrated that the infusion of local anesthetic into the subcutaneous area and around the rib @entity2 site in addition to epidural analgesia did not reduce the amount of narcotic usage after a thoracotomy, nor did it affect visual analog @entity1 scores. @entity1 control with intercostal catheters infusing local anesthetics did not produce a measurable @entity1 relief beyond that provided by epidural analgesia.

title: A randomized controlled trial of @entity6 through intracostal catheters for XXXX management after thoracotomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can potentially impact on the results of @entity6 . The purpose of this study was to examine this effect in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival in @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: Clinical records of @entity0 with @entity5 undergoing @entity6 between 1983 and 2008 were reviewed for age, sex, type of sleeve resection, clinicopathologic TNM stage, complications, and 90-day mortality. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy regimens were recorded for the @entity0 undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared. RESULTS: There were 64 @entity0 identified as having undergone sleeve resection for @entity5 . Of the 64 total @entity0 , 43 did not receive concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy [NCR] versus 21 @entity0 who did [ @entity1 ]. All of the @entity1 @entity0 underwent @entity4 -based chemotherapy and radiation (range, 2,000 to 6,100 cGy). Thirteen @entity0 (62%) were downstaged, with 4 complete responders. The 90-day mortality was 2.7% (2 @entity0 ) in the NCR group and 0% in the @entity1 group. The incidence of major complications in the NCR group was 46.5% (20 of 43) with 4.7% (2 of 43) @entity2 ( @entity3 , 1; bronchovascular fistula, 1). The incidence of major complications in the @entity1 group was 42.9% (9 of 21) with no anastomosis-related problems. Five-year survival in the NCR group was 48% compared with 41% in the @entity1 group (p = 0.63). There were 9% (4 of 43) of @entity0 with local recurrence in the NCR group versus 10% (2 of 21) of @entity0 in the @entity1 group (p = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Anastomosis-related complications were not increased among the @entity0 receiving neoadjuvant therapy compared with those who did not. In addition, local recurrence was also similar between the two groups. Furthermore, the survival of the two groups was not statistically different. Sleeve lobectomy after chemoradiotherapy for advanced @entity5 can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

title: The incidence of perioperative @entity2 after XXXX is not increased after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can potentially impact on the results of @entity6 . The purpose of this study was to examine this effect in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival in @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: Clinical records of @entity0 with @entity5 undergoing @entity6 between 1983 and 2008 were reviewed for age, sex, type of sleeve resection, clinicopathologic TNM stage, complications, and 90-day mortality. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy regimens were recorded for the @entity0 undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared. RESULTS: There were 64 @entity0 identified as having undergone sleeve resection for @entity5 . Of the 64 total @entity0 , 43 did not receive concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy [NCR] versus 21 @entity0 who did [ @entity1 ]. All of the @entity1 @entity0 underwent @entity4 -based chemotherapy and radiation (range, 2,000 to 6,100 cGy). Thirteen @entity0 (62%) were downstaged, with 4 complete responders. The 90-day mortality was 2.7% (2 @entity0 ) in the NCR group and 0% in the @entity1 group. The incidence of major complications in the NCR group was 46.5% (20 of 43) with 4.7% (2 of 43) @entity2 ( @entity3 , 1; bronchovascular fistula, 1). The incidence of major complications in the @entity1 group was 42.9% (9 of 21) with no anastomosis-related problems. Five-year survival in the NCR group was 48% compared with 41% in the @entity1 group (p = 0.63). There were 9% (4 of 43) of @entity0 with local recurrence in the NCR group versus 10% (2 of 21) of @entity0 in the @entity1 group (p = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Anastomosis-related complications were not increased among the @entity0 receiving neoadjuvant therapy compared with those who did not. In addition, local recurrence was also similar between the two groups. Furthermore, the survival of the two groups was not statistically different. Sleeve lobectomy after chemoradiotherapy for advanced @entity5 can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

title: The incidence of perioperative XXXX after @entity6 is not increased after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity3 annulare (GA) is unclear. Collagen fiber degeneration is commonly reported, and there are several conflicting studies on elastic fiber and vascular changes associated with GA. In this study, we aimed to evaluate histopathologic characteristics, collagen and elastic tissue changes and vascular changes in GA. METHODS: Clinical records of 35 GA @entity0 were examined alongside serial sections of 38 biopsy specimens from these @entity0 . New sections of biopsy tissue were stained with @entity5 and @entity6 , @entity2 and then evaluated. RESULTS: Four different histopathologic patterns were observed: interstitial (57.9%), palisadic granulomatous (26.3%), sarcoidal granulomatous (5.3%) and mixed (10.5%). @entity8 was determined in 84.2% of specimens. @entity7 was observed in only seven specimens, and elastophagocytosis was observed in only two specimens. Collagen and elastic tissue damages were consistent findings in all biopsy specimens. Fibrin thrombi and vasculitic changes were not found in any of the specimens from this @entity0 group. CONCLUSIONS: Elastic and collagen fiber damage are the main accompanying features of GA, which may develop from @entity1 . @entity4 does not appear to be a major causative process. Sun exposure also seems to have no major effect on the formation of GA but can be one of the stimulants or predisposing factors.

title: Collagen-elastic tissue changes and vascular involvement in XXXX annulare: a review of 35 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is clear that beta-blockers are effective for treatment of @entity3 , but their mechanism of action remains controversial. Hypothesized mechanisms include normalization of beta-receptor function and myocardial protection from the effects of @entity5 , possibly by the institution of @entity4 . We hypothesized that beta-blockade-induced @entity4 was an important mechanism by which these agents were effective for correction of @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2 groups of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 , beta-blockers were instituted. In 1 group that received beta-blockers and pacing (group beta+P), a pacemaker prevented the natural @entity4 that beta-blockers cause. In both groups, substantial @entity2 developed. Before beta-blockade, the end-systolic stiffness constant decreased from 3. 5+/-0.1 to 2.7+/-0.2 (P<0.01) at 3 months in group beta+P. A similar reduction occurred in the group that eventually received only beta-blockers (group betaB). In group betaB, end-systolic stiffness improved after 3 months of beta-blockade from 2.9+/-0.2 to 3.5+/-0.4 and was not different from baseline. However, in group beta+P, end-systolic stiffness failed to improve (2.7+/-0.2) after 3 months of @entity1 , and was 2.9+/-0.2 at the end of the studies. The contractile function of cardiocytes isolated from the ventricles at the end of the studies confirmed these in vivo estimates of contractility. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that institution of @entity4 is a major mechanism by which beta-blockers are effective for restoration of contractile function in a model of @entity2 .

title: XXXX and the role of beta-blockade in the amelioration of left ventricular dysfunction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have analysed @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 gene expression in developing @entity0 fetal brain by Northern hybridization, RNAase protection and in situ hybridization. The unique zonal organization of the developing fetal brain allows a particularly good assessment of the coupling of @entity1 gene expression to cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo. By Northern and in situ hybridization, @entity3 as well as @entity1 and @entity2 transcripts in the brain were found in the post-mitotic cortical and intermediate layers, as well as in the mitotically active layers containing the neuroepithelial precursor cells. Consistent results were also obtained for @entity3 using RNAase protection analysis. Both the 3.6 and 3.8kb forms of the @entity3 mRNA, resulting from alternative splicing of intron I, were detected in layers of neuroectodermal origin, but not in the meninges or choroid plexus. We also extended @entity3 expression and splicing analyses to other developing @entity0 fetal tissues. @entity3 mRNA was expressed in several other fetal tissues, particularly in fetal skin. Predominantly intron I containing @entity3 mRNA was observed in fetal striated and cardiac muscle. Thus, @entity3 is expressed in a wider spectrum of developing tissues than previously known. Our findings also, show that @entity3 as well as @entity2 and @entity1 expression is uncoupled from cell division in developing brain.

title: Expression of the XXXX proto-oncogenes in developing @entity0 fetal brain.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have analysed @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 gene expression in developing @entity0 fetal brain by Northern hybridization, RNAase protection and in situ hybridization. The unique zonal organization of the developing fetal brain allows a particularly good assessment of the coupling of @entity1 gene expression to cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo. By Northern and in situ hybridization, @entity3 as well as @entity1 and @entity2 transcripts in the brain were found in the post-mitotic cortical and intermediate layers, as well as in the mitotically active layers containing the neuroepithelial precursor cells. Consistent results were also obtained for @entity3 using RNAase protection analysis. Both the 3.6 and 3.8kb forms of the @entity3 mRNA, resulting from alternative splicing of intron I, were detected in layers of neuroectodermal origin, but not in the meninges or choroid plexus. We also extended @entity3 expression and splicing analyses to other developing @entity0 fetal tissues. @entity3 mRNA was expressed in several other fetal tissues, particularly in fetal skin. Predominantly intron I containing @entity3 mRNA was observed in fetal striated and cardiac muscle. Thus, @entity3 is expressed in a wider spectrum of developing tissues than previously known. Our findings also, show that @entity3 as well as @entity2 and @entity1 expression is uncoupled from cell division in developing brain.

title: Expression of the @entity1 proto-oncogenes in developing XXXX fetal brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has been shown to protect myocardium against death in animal models of @entity2 and @entity1 -reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of the @entity5 -regulated protein kinase @entity3 in cardiac myocyte survival in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity5 promoted survival of cultured cardiomyocytes under conditions of serum deprivation in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on cardiac fibroblast survival. The cytoprotective effect of @entity5 on cardiomyocytes was abrogated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor @entity4 . @entity4 had no effect on cardiomyocyte viability in the absence of @entity5 . @entity5 -mediated cytoprotection correlated with the @entity4 -sensitive induction of @entity3 protein kinase activity. To examine the functional consequences of @entity3 activation in cardiomyocyte survival, replication-defective adenoviral constructs expressing wild-type, dominant-negative, and constitutively active @entity3 genes were constructed. Transduction of dominant-negative @entity3 blocked @entity5 -induced survival but had no effect on cardiomyocyte survival in the absence of @entity5 . In contrast, transduction of wild-type @entity3 enhanced cardiomyocyte survival at subsaturating levels of @entity5 , whereas constitutively active @entity3 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis in the absence of @entity5 . After transduction into the @entity0 heart in vivo, constitutively active @entity3 protected against myocyte apoptosis in response to @entity1 -reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data are the first documentation that @entity3 functions to promote cellular survival in vivo, and they indicate that the activation of this pathway may be useful in promoting myocyte survival in the diseased heart.

title: XXXX promotes survival of cardiomyocytes in vitro and protects against @entity1 -reperfusion injury in @entity0 heart.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has been shown to protect myocardium against death in animal models of @entity2 and @entity1 -reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of the @entity5 -regulated protein kinase @entity3 in cardiac myocyte survival in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity5 promoted survival of cultured cardiomyocytes under conditions of serum deprivation in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on cardiac fibroblast survival. The cytoprotective effect of @entity5 on cardiomyocytes was abrogated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor @entity4 . @entity4 had no effect on cardiomyocyte viability in the absence of @entity5 . @entity5 -mediated cytoprotection correlated with the @entity4 -sensitive induction of @entity3 protein kinase activity. To examine the functional consequences of @entity3 activation in cardiomyocyte survival, replication-defective adenoviral constructs expressing wild-type, dominant-negative, and constitutively active @entity3 genes were constructed. Transduction of dominant-negative @entity3 blocked @entity5 -induced survival but had no effect on cardiomyocyte survival in the absence of @entity5 . In contrast, transduction of wild-type @entity3 enhanced cardiomyocyte survival at subsaturating levels of @entity5 , whereas constitutively active @entity3 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis in the absence of @entity5 . After transduction into the @entity0 heart in vivo, constitutively active @entity3 protected against myocyte apoptosis in response to @entity1 -reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data are the first documentation that @entity3 functions to promote cellular survival in vivo, and they indicate that the activation of this pathway may be useful in promoting myocyte survival in the diseased heart.

title: @entity3 promotes survival of cardiomyocytes in vitro and protects against XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity0 heart.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has been shown to protect myocardium against death in animal models of @entity2 and @entity1 -reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of the @entity5 -regulated protein kinase @entity3 in cardiac myocyte survival in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity5 promoted survival of cultured cardiomyocytes under conditions of serum deprivation in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on cardiac fibroblast survival. The cytoprotective effect of @entity5 on cardiomyocytes was abrogated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor @entity4 . @entity4 had no effect on cardiomyocyte viability in the absence of @entity5 . @entity5 -mediated cytoprotection correlated with the @entity4 -sensitive induction of @entity3 protein kinase activity. To examine the functional consequences of @entity3 activation in cardiomyocyte survival, replication-defective adenoviral constructs expressing wild-type, dominant-negative, and constitutively active @entity3 genes were constructed. Transduction of dominant-negative @entity3 blocked @entity5 -induced survival but had no effect on cardiomyocyte survival in the absence of @entity5 . In contrast, transduction of wild-type @entity3 enhanced cardiomyocyte survival at subsaturating levels of @entity5 , whereas constitutively active @entity3 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis in the absence of @entity5 . After transduction into the @entity0 heart in vivo, constitutively active @entity3 protected against myocyte apoptosis in response to @entity1 -reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data are the first documentation that @entity3 functions to promote cellular survival in vivo, and they indicate that the activation of this pathway may be useful in promoting myocyte survival in the diseased heart.

title: @entity3 promotes survival of cardiomyocytes in vitro and protects against @entity1 -reperfusion injury in XXXX heart.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare direct costs and results for @entity0 with electrodiagnostically proven @entity3 treated with surgery versus nonsurgical care. METHODS: There is a retrospective study of 120 @entity0 divided into 2 groups: subjects in group 1 had chosen nonsurgical treatment, whereas subjects in group 2 had chosen surgery with no nonsurgical treatment. @entity0 were matched on age, gender, severity of @entity2 , body mass index, smoking history, job category, and insurance coverage. Direct cost of care was measured. An incremental cost-utility ratio was calculated to compare costs between the different management strategies. RESULTS: Group 1 follow-up averaged 13 +/- 5 months compared to 12 +/- 2 months for group 2. @entity1 injections were used in 18 @entity0 in group 1. Thirty-two @entity0 in group 1 elected to have surgery during the follow-up period. Cost of care averaged  3335 +/-  2097 in group 1 and  3068 +/-  983 in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The direct cost of nonsurgical care of confirmed @entity3 did not show a significant difference from that of surgical treatment without preoperative splinting or therapy. The incremental cost-utility ratio for @entity3 was favorable. Surgery, rather than nonsurgical care, should be considered as the initial form of treatment when @entity0 are diagnosed with @entity3 that is confirmed by nerve conduction studies, as this provides symptom resolution with a favorable cost analysis. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Economic and Decision Analysis III.

title: The cost-effectiveness of nonsurgical versus surgical treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: This report describes the change in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) among @entity3 adults referred for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) scan. METHODS: From Oct 1993 through July 2008, 20,994 @entity0 had @entity1 at our center. A total of 434 @entity3 @entity0 with two or more @entity1 exams without intervention comprised the study cohort. @entity0 demographics (blood pressures, medications, serum @entity8 levels, and data from @entity1 ) were collected. Analyses of longitudinal changes in Doppler scan parameters, blood pressures, and renal function were performed by fitting linear growth-curve models. After confirming the linearity of change in Doppler scan parameters among @entity0 with variable number of studies, estimates of mean slopes were calculated using maximum likelihood techniques. For changes in renal function, quadratic growth curves were required to describe longitudinal change. RESULTS: A total of 434 subjects (212 @entity0 [49%] and 222 @entity0 [51%]; mean age, 64.6 +/- 12.2 years) provided 1351 studies (mean, 3.2 +/- 2.4; range, 2 to 18) for 863 kidneys over a mean follow-up of 34.4 +/- 25.1 months. At baseline, 20.6% of kidneys demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity7 . On follow-up, 72 kidneys (9.1%) demonstrated anatomic progression of disease. A total of 54 kidneys (6.9%) progressed to significant @entity7 and 18 (2.3%) progressed to occlusion. Controlling for progression of @entity1 status demonstrated a strong association with baseline kidney length (P = .0006). Significant annualized change in @entity1 was observed (cm change/year +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]: 0.042 +/- 0.011; P = .0002) among both kidneys with and without critical disease at baseline, however, decline in length was significantly greater among kidneys exhibiting progression of @entity5 (-0.152 +/- 0.028 cm/year; comparison of slopes between groups P = .0005). In the absence of progression, the presence or absence of critical @entity9 at baseline did not affect the rate of decline in @entity1 . Fitted models for the natural log transform of serum @entity8 demonstrated a significant increase during follow-up (P < .0001). No association was observed between change in serum @entity8 and baseline @entity5 status, or its progression. CONCLUSION: A total of 32% of @entity3 adults referred for @entity1 demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity9 . Regardless of the presence or @entity2 , a small percentage of @entity0 demonstrated anatomic progression of @entity6 . A total of 9.1% demonstrated anatomic progression and 2.3% progressed to occlusion. Although anatomic progression of @entity6 was associated with an increased rate of decline in @entity1 , progression did not predict a @entity4 . Intervention for @entity6 should be selective and reserved for strict indications.

title: @entity6 among XXXX adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: This report describes the change in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) among @entity3 adults referred for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) scan. METHODS: From Oct 1993 through July 2008, 20,994 @entity0 had @entity1 at our center. A total of 434 @entity3 @entity0 with two or more @entity1 exams without intervention comprised the study cohort. @entity0 demographics (blood pressures, medications, serum @entity8 levels, and data from @entity1 ) were collected. Analyses of longitudinal changes in Doppler scan parameters, blood pressures, and renal function were performed by fitting linear growth-curve models. After confirming the linearity of change in Doppler scan parameters among @entity0 with variable number of studies, estimates of mean slopes were calculated using maximum likelihood techniques. For changes in renal function, quadratic growth curves were required to describe longitudinal change. RESULTS: A total of 434 subjects (212 @entity0 [49%] and 222 @entity0 [51%]; mean age, 64.6 +/- 12.2 years) provided 1351 studies (mean, 3.2 +/- 2.4; range, 2 to 18) for 863 kidneys over a mean follow-up of 34.4 +/- 25.1 months. At baseline, 20.6% of kidneys demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity7 . On follow-up, 72 kidneys (9.1%) demonstrated anatomic progression of disease. A total of 54 kidneys (6.9%) progressed to significant @entity7 and 18 (2.3%) progressed to occlusion. Controlling for progression of @entity1 status demonstrated a strong association with baseline kidney length (P = .0006). Significant annualized change in @entity1 was observed (cm change/year +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]: 0.042 +/- 0.011; P = .0002) among both kidneys with and without critical disease at baseline, however, decline in length was significantly greater among kidneys exhibiting progression of @entity5 (-0.152 +/- 0.028 cm/year; comparison of slopes between groups P = .0005). In the absence of progression, the presence or absence of critical @entity9 at baseline did not affect the rate of decline in @entity1 . Fitted models for the natural log transform of serum @entity8 demonstrated a significant increase during follow-up (P < .0001). No association was observed between change in serum @entity8 and baseline @entity5 status, or its progression. CONCLUSION: A total of 32% of @entity3 adults referred for @entity1 demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity9 . Regardless of the presence or @entity2 , a small percentage of @entity0 demonstrated anatomic progression of @entity6 . A total of 9.1% demonstrated anatomic progression and 2.3% progressed to occlusion. Although anatomic progression of @entity6 was associated with an increased rate of decline in @entity1 , progression did not predict a @entity4 . Intervention for @entity6 should be selective and reserved for strict indications.

title: XXXX among @entity3 adults.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to compare pregnancy outcomes and cerclage-related complications of ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in @entity0 at risk of @entity2 due to a history of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). A structured search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify potentially relevant articles from January 1980 through July 2007. Studies were included if ultrasound-predicated cerclage was compared to history-predicated cerclage in @entity0 with a singleton gestation and a history of @entity3 . The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane search yielded 537, 643, and 42 articles, respectively. In addition, 1194 "Related articles" (PubMed) and 87 "Cited in/cited by" (ISI-WOS) from all potentially relevant articles were assessed. After critical evaluation for relevance and quality, 6 articles remained. Five of the 6 included studies showed no differences in pregnancy outcome ( @entity3 or @entity1 <24 weeks) between the ultrasound-predicated and the history-predicated cerclage groups. In 1 prospective cohort study, @entity3 below 30 weeks was significantly lower in the ultrasound group. The included studies showed that in the ultrasound group, 40% to 68% of the @entity0 did not require cerclage. The majority of studies provided insufficient data to draw conclusions regarding cerclage-related complications. In conclusion, using ultrasound to identify @entity0 at risk of @entity2 because of a history of @entity3 reduces cerclage rates and results in similar pregnancy outcomes as cerclage placement on the basis of history alone. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians _ Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this article, the reader should be able to identify his or her own management of @entity0 with prior history of @entity3 with respect to the possible use of cerclage, design a diagnostic strategy for his or her own @entity0 to determine whether history or ultrasound-based decision making is appropriate in the practice setting, and translate best-practices with respect to @entity4 in his or her own practice.

title: Ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in @entity0 at risk of XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to compare pregnancy outcomes and cerclage-related complications of ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in @entity0 at risk of @entity2 due to a history of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). A structured search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify potentially relevant articles from January 1980 through July 2007. Studies were included if ultrasound-predicated cerclage was compared to history-predicated cerclage in @entity0 with a singleton gestation and a history of @entity3 . The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane search yielded 537, 643, and 42 articles, respectively. In addition, 1194 "Related articles" (PubMed) and 87 "Cited in/cited by" (ISI-WOS) from all potentially relevant articles were assessed. After critical evaluation for relevance and quality, 6 articles remained. Five of the 6 included studies showed no differences in pregnancy outcome ( @entity3 or @entity1 <24 weeks) between the ultrasound-predicated and the history-predicated cerclage groups. In 1 prospective cohort study, @entity3 below 30 weeks was significantly lower in the ultrasound group. The included studies showed that in the ultrasound group, 40% to 68% of the @entity0 did not require cerclage. The majority of studies provided insufficient data to draw conclusions regarding cerclage-related complications. In conclusion, using ultrasound to identify @entity0 at risk of @entity2 because of a history of @entity3 reduces cerclage rates and results in similar pregnancy outcomes as cerclage placement on the basis of history alone. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians _ Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this article, the reader should be able to identify his or her own management of @entity0 with prior history of @entity3 with respect to the possible use of cerclage, design a diagnostic strategy for his or her own @entity0 to determine whether history or ultrasound-based decision making is appropriate in the practice setting, and translate best-practices with respect to @entity4 in his or her own practice.

title: Ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in XXXX at risk of @entity2 : a systematic review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Basal serum @entity4 level was measured in @entity0 with @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity1 was made by the DSM-III-R criteria, and the severity of @entity2 was measured by use the Rosen et. al. scale. Additionally, the presence of @entity3 and @entity6 syndromes was evaluated. The Hamilton scale was used for the evaluation of @entity3 severity. @entity4 level was measured by radioimmune assay. Sixty three @entity0 , 39 female and 24 male, were evaluated. The mean age for @entity0 was 69.54 and for @entity0 71 years. @entity0 were divided into 3 groups: I--simple @entity2 , II-- @entity2 with @entity3 , III-- @entity2 with @entity6 . Positive correlation was found between basal @entity4 level and the severity of @entity2 only in group I. Mean @entity4 level in @entity0 from group II and III was significantly different than in group I. Among female @entity0 with @entity3 the negative correlation between @entity4 level and severity of @entity2 was found; no other correlations were proved. No correlation was found between the @entity4 level and severity of @entity2 in @entity5 .

title: [Dependence on serum XXXX level or the severity of intellectual impairment in primary @entity2 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Basal serum @entity4 level was measured in @entity0 with @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity1 was made by the DSM-III-R criteria, and the severity of @entity2 was measured by use the Rosen et. al. scale. Additionally, the presence of @entity3 and @entity6 syndromes was evaluated. The Hamilton scale was used for the evaluation of @entity3 severity. @entity4 level was measured by radioimmune assay. Sixty three @entity0 , 39 female and 24 male, were evaluated. The mean age for @entity0 was 69.54 and for @entity0 71 years. @entity0 were divided into 3 groups: I--simple @entity2 , II-- @entity2 with @entity3 , III-- @entity2 with @entity6 . Positive correlation was found between basal @entity4 level and the severity of @entity2 only in group I. Mean @entity4 level in @entity0 from group II and III was significantly different than in group I. Among female @entity0 with @entity3 the negative correlation between @entity4 level and severity of @entity2 was found; no other correlations were proved. No correlation was found between the @entity4 level and severity of @entity2 in @entity5 .

title: [Dependence on serum @entity4 level or the severity of intellectual impairment in primary XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine clinical and pathological factors significant for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and local-regional failure-free survival (LRFFS) in uterine @entity2 as they relate to @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis of 3,650 @entity0 with uterine @entity2 was conducted using the National Oncology Database, a proprietary database of aggregated @entity1 registries owned by Impac Medical Systems (Sunnyvale, CA). Adjuvant radiotherapy was defined as postoperative external beam radiation to the pelvis, with or without brachytherapy. Prognostic factors were identified by multivariate analysis (MVA) using the Cox proportional hazards model. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival, with significant differences (p < 0.05) determined using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 59 months, with a 5-year @entity3 of 37%. Significant prognostic factors for @entity3 were stage, race/ethnicity, grade, age, histology, lymph node status, and surgical treatment (p < 0.01 for all factors). Use of @entity4 was not predictive for @entity3 . For nonmetastatic @entity1 @entity0 receiving definitive surgery (n = 2,206), the 5-year LRFFS was 87%. In this group, stage, grade, histology, and @entity4 were prognostic for LRFFS (p < 0.05), with @entity4 associated with improved outcome compared with surgery alone (hazard ratio = 0.4, p < 0.001). @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity5 , poorly differentiated @entity1 , and negative lymph nodes had reduced local-regional failure (LRF) with @entity4 (log-rank, p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: In the largest retrospective analysis of uterine @entity2 published thus far, @entity4 conferred a 53% reduction in the risk of LRF at 5 years. Use of @entity4 may have broader indications than what are currently accepted in clinical practice.

title: The role of adjuvant radiation in uterine XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The transcutaneous @entity1 tension (tcPo2) in five healthy subjects and in seven @entity0 was monitored continuously by the technique of Huch, Huch, and L  bbers. The inspired @entity1 concentration was varied between 15 and 100%. Once stable tcPo2 recordings were obtained, blood samples were drawn via an indwelling arterial catheter for @entity1 tension (Pao2) determination. A comparison between the Pao2 and the tcPo2 values is illustrated graphically. There was a small difference between these values in the healthy subjects, which was attributed to variations in the skin from subject to subject. In the @entity0 , a circulatory factor may have added to differences in the absolute levels. The coefficient of correlation between Pao2 and tcPo2 was in all cases higher than 0.98. In healthy @entity0 , Pao2 may be predicted from tcPo2. In @entity0 , any change in Pao2, due to deterioration or improvement, is manifested in the tcPo2 curve. If one or two arterial blood measurements are performed, low as well as high Pao2 values may be predicted from tcPo2 in @entity0 without gross circulatory impairment.

title: The validity of the transcutaneous XXXX tension method in adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify in-shoe plantar shear in @entity1 feet. DESIGN: Plantar shear stresses are measured in a group of six @entity0 with a history of @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Although elevated pressure between foot and shoe frequently found in @entity1 @entity0 has been linked to a raised incidence of plantar ulceration, the shear component of stress at this interface is as yet unquantified. It is suggested that its effects may be equally damaging. METHODS: Measurements of shear were made locally beneath the medial four metatarsal heads and heel during unpaced gait in orthopaedic footwear, using a bi-axial magneto-resistive shear transducer. Similar methodology was previously employed on a group of asymptomatic adults, thereby allowing comparisons to be made. RESULTS: Overall the maximum shear stress for this @entity0 group (73 kPa) was not significantly different to that in the asymptomatic group (87 kPa). However the @entity0 group exhibited lower magnitudes of shear stress under the third/fourth metatarsal heads (average 51/39 vs. 86.5/71 kPa, respectively) and higher magnitudes under the first/second heads (73/64 vs. 35/31 kPa, respectively), indicating a medial shift. Step-to-step variability of maximum shear measured under the third metatarsal head showed an increase in the transverse component (coefficient of reliability 67% vs. 98%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall patterns of shear are broadly similar to the asymptomatic group, these pilot trials indicate a medial shift in shear loading under the forefoot coupled to increased step-to-step variability in the @entity1 group. RelevanceMechanical stress at the plantar interface between foot and shoe is of particular clinical relevance to the formation and management of @entity2 in @entity3 . Whereas the pressure component of stress is widely studied, the shear component is poorly described although it may be of equal importance.

title: A study of in-shoe plantar shear in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify in-shoe plantar shear in @entity1 feet. DESIGN: Plantar shear stresses are measured in a group of six @entity0 with a history of @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Although elevated pressure between foot and shoe frequently found in @entity1 @entity0 has been linked to a raised incidence of plantar ulceration, the shear component of stress at this interface is as yet unquantified. It is suggested that its effects may be equally damaging. METHODS: Measurements of shear were made locally beneath the medial four metatarsal heads and heel during unpaced gait in orthopaedic footwear, using a bi-axial magneto-resistive shear transducer. Similar methodology was previously employed on a group of asymptomatic adults, thereby allowing comparisons to be made. RESULTS: Overall the maximum shear stress for this @entity0 group (73 kPa) was not significantly different to that in the asymptomatic group (87 kPa). However the @entity0 group exhibited lower magnitudes of shear stress under the third/fourth metatarsal heads (average 51/39 vs. 86.5/71 kPa, respectively) and higher magnitudes under the first/second heads (73/64 vs. 35/31 kPa, respectively), indicating a medial shift. Step-to-step variability of maximum shear measured under the third metatarsal head showed an increase in the transverse component (coefficient of reliability 67% vs. 98%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall patterns of shear are broadly similar to the asymptomatic group, these pilot trials indicate a medial shift in shear loading under the forefoot coupled to increased step-to-step variability in the @entity1 group. RelevanceMechanical stress at the plantar interface between foot and shoe is of particular clinical relevance to the formation and management of @entity2 in @entity3 . Whereas the pressure component of stress is widely studied, the shear component is poorly described although it may be of equal importance.

title: A study of in-shoe plantar shear in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary post-caesarean analgesia based on oral opioid has not been adequately studied. This approach may show a good side-effect profile and high satisfaction and avoid neuraxial complications. METHODS: In a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled clinical trial 120 @entity0 were randomised to receive either sustained-release oral @entity5 20mg in the recovery room followed by immediate-release @entity5 10mg 6-hourly for the first 24h (group O) or intrathecal @entity4 100mug at the time of spinal anaesthesia (group I). All @entity0 received regular postoperative @entity7 , @entity6 and standardised supplemental analgesia. RESULTS: One hundred and eleven @entity0 completed the study. The area under the curve for @entity2 scores to 24h did not differ significantly between groups for @entity2 at rest (P=0.465) or on movement (P=0.533). Numerical @entity2 scores were low and similar, except at rest at 12h (group I 1 [0-2] vs. group O 2 [1-3]; P=0.030). The time to first analgesic request was similar but additional postoperative analgesics were required more often in group O (82% vs. 63%, P=0.034). Group O more frequently reported high worst @entity2 scores (score 4-10 in 87% vs. 64%, P=0.007). @entity1 was more common and more severe in group I (87% vs. 56%, P=0.001). At 24h maternal satisfaction with the analgesic regimen was lower in group O (P=0.010). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity5 produced comparable @entity3 relief to intrathecal @entity4 with a lower incidence of @entity1 , but was associated with a lower satisfaction score.

title: A randomised comparison of regular oral @entity5 and intrathecal XXXX for post-caesarean analgesia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary post-caesarean analgesia based on oral opioid has not been adequately studied. This approach may show a good side-effect profile and high satisfaction and avoid neuraxial complications. METHODS: In a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled clinical trial 120 @entity0 were randomised to receive either sustained-release oral @entity5 20mg in the recovery room followed by immediate-release @entity5 10mg 6-hourly for the first 24h (group O) or intrathecal @entity4 100mug at the time of spinal anaesthesia (group I). All @entity0 received regular postoperative @entity7 , @entity6 and standardised supplemental analgesia. RESULTS: One hundred and eleven @entity0 completed the study. The area under the curve for @entity2 scores to 24h did not differ significantly between groups for @entity2 at rest (P=0.465) or on movement (P=0.533). Numerical @entity2 scores were low and similar, except at rest at 12h (group I 1 [0-2] vs. group O 2 [1-3]; P=0.030). The time to first analgesic request was similar but additional postoperative analgesics were required more often in group O (82% vs. 63%, P=0.034). Group O more frequently reported high worst @entity2 scores (score 4-10 in 87% vs. 64%, P=0.007). @entity1 was more common and more severe in group I (87% vs. 56%, P=0.001). At 24h maternal satisfaction with the analgesic regimen was lower in group O (P=0.010). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity5 produced comparable @entity3 relief to intrathecal @entity4 with a lower incidence of @entity1 , but was associated with a lower satisfaction score.

title: A randomised comparison of regular oral XXXX and intrathecal @entity4 for post-caesarean analgesia.

answer: @entity5