abstract: An atypical isolate of @entity2 was investigated because of its consistent and reproducible production of gross nasal pathology following i.v. injection in Swiss albino @entity0 . Dose response to graded concentrations ranging from 1 X 10(2)-1 X 10(7) cells/ @entity0 yielded an LD50 of 1.4 X 10(3) cells/ @entity0 for the atypical rhinotropic strain H140 which was significantly less virulent (p less than 0.01) than our reference strain of @entity2 . There was no significant difference in mortality following the injection of in vitro vs. in vivo passed inoculum. As early as two weeks after inoculation, this strain produced gross nasal enlargement to approximately 2-3 X normal dimensions with granulomatous and @entity1 . The LD60 resulted in the greatest percentage of nasal involvement (85%). @entity2 was demonstrated by culture and histopathology in the noses, brains, lungs, livers and kidneys. A temperature selection was indicated by findings of a lower temperature minimum for subcultures isolated from the noses relative to those isolated from the brain, and by the fact that the most densely populated organs following intraperitoneal injection were the testes. This route of inoculation resulted in cutaneous nasal involvement in a manner analogous to that following i.v. injection. The atypical isolate was unable to assimilate @entity3 or @entity4 but otherwise was entirely consistent with identification as @entity2 and produced characteristic CNS and general organ system disease in addition to the rhinotropic cutaneous manifestations. The model characterized here in normal @entity0 may be of value in studies of fungal dermotropism.

title: In vivo and in vitro studies with an atypical, rhinotropic isolate of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Eleven @entity4 @entity0 were immersed up to the neck in 1.3 m of water at 34 degrees C for 4 h. 2. A diuresis began, within the first hour of, and continued throughout, immersion. The urine osmolality fell significantly and @entity5 in the first hour of immersion and increased gradually during the remainder of immersion and postimmersion. 3. Throughout immersion there was a steady increase in urinary @entity3 and @entity6 excretion and a sharp fall in the postimmersion hour. 4. Overall fractional excretion of @entity3 and of @entity6 increased steadily throughout immersion and fell during the post-immersion hour. 5. There was an increase in urinary @entity1 excretion on immersion but no change in fractional excretion of @entity1 . There was an initial increase in distally reabsorbed @entity3 / @entity6 on immersion, as expressed by positive values of @entity7 in the first hour of immersion. 6. Plasma @entity2 levels were initially elevated in only two out of nine @entity0 . There was a significant fall in plasma @entity2 levels on immersion, but there was no correlation between @entity3 / @entity6 handling and @entity2 levels on immersion.

title: Renal salt and water handling in water immersion in the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 associated with ageing and age-related disorders emerges as one of the greatest health challenges in the next decades. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of neuronal physiological changes in the central nervous system remain unclear. Functional MRI and PET studies have indicated the @entity6 performance in older adults. Similarly, age-related disorders, such as @entity4 , are associated with changes in the prefontral cortex and related neural circuitry, which underlines the decline of integrative function between different brain regions. This is mainly attributed to the loss of synaptic connectivity, which is a feature commonly observed in @entity3 . In @entity0 , the morphological and functional changes in neurons, such as reduction of spine numbers and @entity5 , precede the first signs of @entity1 and likely contribute to pathology progression. Thus, a new scenario emerges in which apparently unrelated diseases present common features, such as the remodelling of neuronal circuitries promoted by ageing. For many years, ageing was considered a process of @entity1 triggered by accidental environmental factors. Conversely, it is now evident that ageing is a biological process tightly controlled by evolutionary highly conserved signalling pathways. Importantly, genetic mutations that enhance longevity significantly delay the loss of synaptic connectivity and, therefore, the onset of age-related @entity2 . Accordingly, tweaking ageing might be an attractive approach to prevent @entity1 caused by age-related @entity5 .

title: Ageing, neuronal connectivity and XXXX : an unsolved ripple effect.

answer: @entity2


abstract: At least two distinct subpopulations of A/J anti- @entity2 ( @entity1 ) antibodies can be defined on the basis of serological cross-reactivity and sequence homology of heavy and light chains. The most frequently occurring idiotype family, IdCR, was initially identified by a rabbit antiserum and is present only in A/J @entity0 . Examination of several randomly selected hybridoma proteins which failed to express IdCR-associated determinants revealed a second set of closely related molecules. The second idiotype family, Id36-60, is recognized by a rabbit antiserum prepared against the hybridoma protein 36-60. It is present in practically all A/J and BALB/c, but not B10. A @entity1 immune sera. On average, A/J immune sera contain approximately one-fifth as much Id36-60 as IdCR. A/J @entity0 can be suppressed for subsequent expression of either idiotype by neonatal injection of anti-IdCR or anti-Id36-60 antisera. Suppression of IdCR does not affect the production of Id36-60 and vice versa. Together, these idiotype systems provide two independent markers for monitoring network regulation of the anti- @entity1 antibody response in A/J @entity0 .

title: Two structurally distinct and independently regulated idiotypic families associated with the A/J response to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A multivariate analysis dissected the impact of donor procurement variables, immunologic risk factors, and alternate @entity4 and @entity5 induction immunosuppressive regimens on the early and eventual function of 303 consecutive cadaveric renal allografts. Primarily warm, but to a slight extent cold, @entity2 time had an adverse impact on allograft function, as did the requirement for vasopressor or diuretic therapy. The occurrence of initial graft non-function adversely affected the probability of three-month graft survival, but did not alter either the longevity of organs, which subsequently recovered function, or @entity0 mortality rate. The major immunologic risk factor was a second or multiple transplant, which was associated with an increased incidence of early graft failure, and @entity1 in successful transplants. Correlations with @entity10 and DR matching were reflected in the quality of renal function, but not in graft survival rates. @entity4 ( @entity8 ) administration by continuous intravenous infusion, in order to avert initial elevated mean three-day, serum radioimmunoassay drug levels reduced the incidence of initial graft non-function. High levels were also associated with impaired early and eventual renal function. Rapid posttransplant taper of @entity7 to 30 mg @entity5 by day six was associated with a greater incidence of rejection episodes and early graft failure than a taper that achieved 30 mg @entity5 at 60 days. Both the serum @entity9 value and the degree of @entity3 observed at one month afforded good prognostic indices of eventual graft survival. Therefore, renal allografts in CsA-treated @entity0 were sensitive not only to adverse donor and immunologic risk factors, but also to excessive CsA drug levels in the early postoperative period. These findings suggest an induction immunosuppressive strategy utilizing slightly higher initial doses of @entity6 for CsA-sparing during the first three days, followed by increased, but judicious, administration of CsA to achieve steroid-sparing by virtue of effective rejection prophylaxis.

title: Multivariate analysis of risk factors impacting on immediate and eventual cadaver allograft survival in XXXX -treated recipients.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 (3 @entity0 , 18 males, mean age 55.7 +/- 6 years) with @entity1 proven by coronary angiography entered a double blind randomised study with @entity3 slow release 120 mg once a day. 2, 12 and 24 hours after acute medication @entity0 underwent a symptom-limited exercise-ECG. The following parameters were measured: @entity2 , blood pressure, heart rate and working capacity. After one week of therapy the same parameters were measured to look for the development of tolerance. Two and twelve hours after acute medication working capacity increased to 220% and 139% respectively. After 24 hours there was no statistically significant effect. The sum of @entity2 in three leads decreased from 4.85 +/- 3.02 mV to 1.87 +/- 0.96 mV (38.5%; p less than 0.05) 2 hours after medication, and to 2.10 +/- 1.73 mV 12 hours after medication. 24 hours after medication there was still a slight but not significant @entity2 . There was no statistically significant effect in the placebo group. After one week of therapy there was a slight reduction of action, but no development of tolerance.

title: [Long term therapy of XXXX with 120 mg slow release @entity3 once a day. Study of duration of action and development of tolerance].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 (3 @entity0 , 18 males, mean age 55.7 +/- 6 years) with @entity1 proven by coronary angiography entered a double blind randomised study with @entity3 slow release 120 mg once a day. 2, 12 and 24 hours after acute medication @entity0 underwent a symptom-limited exercise-ECG. The following parameters were measured: @entity2 , blood pressure, heart rate and working capacity. After one week of therapy the same parameters were measured to look for the development of tolerance. Two and twelve hours after acute medication working capacity increased to 220% and 139% respectively. After 24 hours there was no statistically significant effect. The sum of @entity2 in three leads decreased from 4.85 +/- 3.02 mV to 1.87 +/- 0.96 mV (38.5%; p less than 0.05) 2 hours after medication, and to 2.10 +/- 1.73 mV 12 hours after medication. 24 hours after medication there was still a slight but not significant @entity2 . There was no statistically significant effect in the placebo group. After one week of therapy there was a slight reduction of action, but no development of tolerance.

title: [Long term therapy of @entity1 with 120 mg slow release XXXX once a day. Study of duration of action and development of tolerance].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Observation of a markedly depressed HDL- @entity1 (5 mg/dL) in a @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) receiving @entity7 (1 g/day) and @entity10 (2 g/day) prompted a review of all cases treated by this combination at our lipid clinic. @entity9 (HDL-C less than 15 mg/dL) developed in 19 of 28 (70%) hyperlipidemic subjects who received this combination for an average of 1.5 years. This effect was sustained and reversible; it did not occur on either drug alone and was manifested on average 17 weeks after the combination was started. Plasma @entity3 increased significantly in most of those @entity0 susceptible to this reduction in HDL-C. Plasma @entity4 was decreased 82%, in proportion to the HDL-C fall, whereas apo @entity8 was lowered 65%. Since apo C-III concentrations tended to be high, the apo A-I/C-III ratio was markedly depressed. @entity5 levels were unchanged and apo B levels reflected the high LDL concentrations of the underlying disease. An intermediate response was observed in subjects whose HDL-C remained well above 15 mg/dL on the combination. No deleterious side-effects could be attributed directly to the administration of the combined drugs in this high-risk group. One @entity0 actually showed complete regression of xanthelasma and extensor @entity6 of the finger on the combination. A parallel is drawn with @entity11 and the presence of the @entity4 Milano variant, where similar HDL-C levels are observed in the absence of an increased atherogenic risk. It is mandatory to monitor plasma HDL-C in @entity2 @entity0 treated with this combination, otherwise the pronounced @entity9 could go unnoticed.

title: Severe XXXX induced by a combination of @entity7 and @entity10 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Observation of a markedly depressed HDL- @entity1 (5 mg/dL) in a @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) receiving @entity7 (1 g/day) and @entity10 (2 g/day) prompted a review of all cases treated by this combination at our lipid clinic. @entity9 (HDL-C less than 15 mg/dL) developed in 19 of 28 (70%) hyperlipidemic subjects who received this combination for an average of 1.5 years. This effect was sustained and reversible; it did not occur on either drug alone and was manifested on average 17 weeks after the combination was started. Plasma @entity3 increased significantly in most of those @entity0 susceptible to this reduction in HDL-C. Plasma @entity4 was decreased 82%, in proportion to the HDL-C fall, whereas apo @entity8 was lowered 65%. Since apo C-III concentrations tended to be high, the apo A-I/C-III ratio was markedly depressed. @entity5 levels were unchanged and apo B levels reflected the high LDL concentrations of the underlying disease. An intermediate response was observed in subjects whose HDL-C remained well above 15 mg/dL on the combination. No deleterious side-effects could be attributed directly to the administration of the combined drugs in this high-risk group. One @entity0 actually showed complete regression of xanthelasma and extensor @entity6 of the finger on the combination. A parallel is drawn with @entity11 and the presence of the @entity4 Milano variant, where similar HDL-C levels are observed in the absence of an increased atherogenic risk. It is mandatory to monitor plasma HDL-C in @entity2 @entity0 treated with this combination, otherwise the pronounced @entity9 could go unnoticed.

title: Severe @entity9 induced by a combination of XXXX and @entity10 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Observation of a markedly depressed HDL- @entity1 (5 mg/dL) in a @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) receiving @entity7 (1 g/day) and @entity10 (2 g/day) prompted a review of all cases treated by this combination at our lipid clinic. @entity9 (HDL-C less than 15 mg/dL) developed in 19 of 28 (70%) hyperlipidemic subjects who received this combination for an average of 1.5 years. This effect was sustained and reversible; it did not occur on either drug alone and was manifested on average 17 weeks after the combination was started. Plasma @entity3 increased significantly in most of those @entity0 susceptible to this reduction in HDL-C. Plasma @entity4 was decreased 82%, in proportion to the HDL-C fall, whereas apo @entity8 was lowered 65%. Since apo C-III concentrations tended to be high, the apo A-I/C-III ratio was markedly depressed. @entity5 levels were unchanged and apo B levels reflected the high LDL concentrations of the underlying disease. An intermediate response was observed in subjects whose HDL-C remained well above 15 mg/dL on the combination. No deleterious side-effects could be attributed directly to the administration of the combined drugs in this high-risk group. One @entity0 actually showed complete regression of xanthelasma and extensor @entity6 of the finger on the combination. A parallel is drawn with @entity11 and the presence of the @entity4 Milano variant, where similar HDL-C levels are observed in the absence of an increased atherogenic risk. It is mandatory to monitor plasma HDL-C in @entity2 @entity0 treated with this combination, otherwise the pronounced @entity9 could go unnoticed.

title: Severe @entity9 induced by a combination of @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: School systems, teachers, health systems, and physicians are striving to assist students to reach their full potential. Physicians have an understanding of @entity2 and medications that should be shared with teachers. In turn, teachers know what parts of students' learning seem to be affected by their @entity1 ; they also work with students every day and this gives them a unique perspective of changes in the @entity0 's status. @entity1 can profoundly affect the student- @entity0 , the school, and the home. Pediatricians are in the unique position to share medical information with teachers and parents. By sharing this information, physicians encourage collaboration. Increased collaboration, in turn, helps to reduce the myths and fears surrounding @entity1 . It provides teachers with the information they use to plan instructional programs, and it improves physicians' decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment. Physician/teacher collaboration is generally advocated for @entity0 -students in the "devastated" and the "compromised" groups. Collaboration is not necessary in @entity0 without problems and it is probably preferable not to risk stigmatizing otherwise intact @entity0 by attaching the label " @entity1 " to them. When collaboration is indicated, teachers will need some way of organizing information about students' @entity2 , educational, medical, and psychosocial background. The appendix contains a list of questions grouped according to these categories. If teachers can answer these questions they will be well on the way to resolving the problems confronting the student with @entity1 . It is hoped that physicians will be available and willing to assist teachers and that teachers will seek their assistance.

title: XXXX and education: the pediatrician's expanding role.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 molestation or other pedophilic behavior may result as a consequence of a @entity3 . AIM: To characterize the mechanisms of pedophilic behavior associated with @entity1 . METHODS: We report eight @entity0 with pedophilic behavior as a manifestation of their @entity3 and review the literature. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The sexual, @entity4 , and neurological aspects of a series of @entity0 . RESULTS: All eight developed @entity4 @entity0 in mid- to late-life coincident with the development of a @entity1 . Five had limited insight, @entity5 , or concern for their behavior and tended to have @entity3 . Most of this group had frontally predominant disorders. Two others retained insight and concern in the context of marked hypersexuality. This second group had treated @entity6 and resembled reports of pedophilic behavior from @entity3 . The further presence of right temporal lobe-amygdala involvement may have predisposed to specific sexual preoccupation in some @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 may release a predisposition to sexual attraction for @entity0 through disinhibition with frontal disease, @entity7 , or hypersexuality with @entity2 in non-motor basal ganglia, hypothalamus, or septal nuclei. Differentiating these mechanisms of pedophilic behavior from @entity3 could facilitate targeted interventions.

title: Pedophilic behavior from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In previous studies, a major QTL affecting @entity1 and growth has been mapped to @entity2 chromosome 1q (SSC1q) using Large White - Meishan intercrosses. A higher fat depth and a larger growth rate have been reported for the allele of MS origin. Additionally the LW allele showed partial dominance effects over the MS allele for both traits. In order to refine the QTL mapping interval, advanced backcross generations were produced. Recombinant heterozygous sires were mated to LW sows in order to progeny test the sire segregation of the QTL and refine the QTL localisation. However due to the partial dominance of the LW allele, BC scheme using LW as the receiving population was not optimal. RESULTS: To overcome the difficulties related to the dominance of the LW QTL allele, a population of dams locally homozygous for the MS haplotype in the QTL region, but with an overall 29/32 LW genetic background, has been set up. Progeny testing results, using these receiver dams, were much more significant than those previously obtained with LW dams, and the SSC1 QTL interval was refined to 8 cM. Considering the results obtained, a powerful experimental design for farm animals is proposed, mimicking locally genetically identical strains used in @entity0 for QTL fine mapping. CONCLUSIONS: We have further characterized the @entity1 QTL on @entity2 chromosome 1 and refined its map position from a 30 cM interval to a 8 cM interval, using a locally congenic BC design. We have obtained highly significant results and overcome difficulties due to the dominance of the LW allele. This design will be used to produce additional, advanced BC families to further refine this QTL localization.

title: A locally congenic backcross design in XXXX : a new regional fine QTL mapping approach miming congenic strains used in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In previous studies, a major QTL affecting @entity1 and growth has been mapped to @entity2 chromosome 1q (SSC1q) using Large White - Meishan intercrosses. A higher fat depth and a larger growth rate have been reported for the allele of MS origin. Additionally the LW allele showed partial dominance effects over the MS allele for both traits. In order to refine the QTL mapping interval, advanced backcross generations were produced. Recombinant heterozygous sires were mated to LW sows in order to progeny test the sire segregation of the QTL and refine the QTL localisation. However due to the partial dominance of the LW allele, BC scheme using LW as the receiving population was not optimal. RESULTS: To overcome the difficulties related to the dominance of the LW QTL allele, a population of dams locally homozygous for the MS haplotype in the QTL region, but with an overall 29/32 LW genetic background, has been set up. Progeny testing results, using these receiver dams, were much more significant than those previously obtained with LW dams, and the SSC1 QTL interval was refined to 8 cM. Considering the results obtained, a powerful experimental design for farm animals is proposed, mimicking locally genetically identical strains used in @entity0 for QTL fine mapping. CONCLUSIONS: We have further characterized the @entity1 QTL on @entity2 chromosome 1 and refined its map position from a 30 cM interval to a 8 cM interval, using a locally congenic BC design. We have obtained highly significant results and overcome difficulties due to the dominance of the LW allele. This design will be used to produce additional, advanced BC families to further refine this QTL localization.

title: A locally congenic backcross design in @entity2 : a new regional fine QTL mapping approach miming congenic strains used in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Stimulation of quiescent Swiss @entity0 3T3 fibroblasts either by serum or by the low molecular weight hormones, @entity2 and insulin, induces DNA synthesis after a lag period of about 15 h. Following restimulation by serum or these pure hormones there is an overall increase of two- to fourfold in the rate of biosynthesis of nuclear proteins. In addition, there is a relative decrease in some proteins (Mr = 200 X 10(3), pI 6.0-6.5), while others increase (e.g. actin). Two polypeptides show specific correlations with the exit from G0. The synthesis of @entity3 (Mr = 30 X 10(3), pI 5.2) is at a maximum within 5 h of restimulation, while the synthesis of @entity5 (Mr = 36 X 10(3), pI = 4.25) is first seen at 10-20 h after restimulation. Synthesis of @entity5 correlates well with the initiation of DNA synthesis. The synthesis of both proteins is stimulated by serum and by the hormones. Thus there are common biosynthetic responses to different stimuli indicating convergent pathways leading to DNA biosynthesis. Addition of @entity1 with the growth-stimulatory hormones inhibits both entry into the S phase and biosynthesis of @entity5 . In contrast, @entity1 does not alter the biosynthesis of @entity3 . This 'early' protein, @entity3 , is different from the products of both @entity4 and c-myc. Therefore, we have identified two specific components that might participate in the regulation of cell proliferation.

title: Biosynthesis of nuclear proteins after stimulation of quiescent Swiss XXXX 3T3 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The major outer membrane protein of @entity1 type b (Hib) with an apparent molecular weight of 39,000 (39K) was purified from three different Hib strains and was shown to be free from detectable contamination with other proteins. However, these purified 39K protein preparations were found to contain Hib lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunization of @entity0 with these 39K protein preparations resulted in the production of antisera containing both 39K protein-directed and LPS-directed antibodies, as determined by Western blot analysis. The reactivity pattern of the LPS-directed serum antibodies with different Hib strains was identical to the reactivity of these Hib strains with a set of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) previously shown to immunoprecipitate the 39K protein in a radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) system. Examination of the antigenic specificities of the 39K protein-immunoprecipitating mabs by using Western blot analysis showed that these mabs were actually directed against @entity2 . RIP analysis of 125I-labeled Hib cells and 32P-labeled Hib cells revealed that the 39K protein and LPS existed as a complex in a RIP system, which resulted in the coprecipitation of both antigens by LPS-directed mabs. The interaction between LPS and the 39K protein was highly selective for this protein and did not involve other outer membrane proteins. The LPS/39K protein complex could be reconstituted by mixing purified LPS and purified 39K protein; it could also be reconstituted with 39K protein from one Hib strain and LPS from another Hib strain. These findings have necessitated the reinterpretation of previous studies involving the 39K protein-immunoprecipitating mabs. Of primary importance is the fact that the demonstrated immunoprotective ability of a 39K protein-immunoprecipitating mab (E. J. Hansen, S. M. Robertson, P. A. Gulig, C. F. Frisch, and E. J. Haanes, Lancet i:366-368, 1982) must now be regarded as evidence that antibody directed against @entity2 can be protective against experimental @entity2 .

title: Coprecipitation of lipopolysaccharide and the 39,000-molecular-weight major outer membrane protein of XXXX type b by lipopolysaccharide-directed monoclonal antibody.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Antibody responses following immunization with allogeneic @entity1 lymphocytes, goose red blood cells (GRBC), and @entity2 (given IV) were studied in 20 heifers. Antibody to GRBC was detectable by 4 to 9 days in all heifers and followed the characteristic pattern of a low-titer primary response which was predominantly immunoglobulin (Ig) M, whereas a high titer IgG secondary response was observed. The dose of @entity2 used failed to elicit a detectable antibody response. An immune response to allogeneic lymphocytes was observed, but it differed from the GRBC response. @entity0 antibody directed against lymphocytes was detectable by day 14 in 5 of the heifers. Five others responded by days 17 to 24 after secondary immunization. The responses were of low titer and predominantly IgM, after both primary and secondary immunizations. The time of antibody appearance and titers varied between heifers and was not dependent on differences at the major histocompatibility complex ( @entity3 ) between heifers and immunizing lymphocytes. @entity0 antibody reacted with both B and T lymphocytes and appeared to recognize the serologically defined @entity3 antigens. Noncytotoxic alloantibody was detected in the serum of 1 heifer and appeared to be directed against a subpopulation of lymphocytes, possibly those bearing Ia-like antigens.

title: Allogeneic antibody response in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: European guidelines for treating @entity4 ( @entity4 ) aim to reduce nonevidence-based variation in prescribing, and better target and increase the use of first-line antibiotics. However, their application in primary care is unknown. We explored congruence of both antibiotic prescribing and antibiotic choice with European Respiratory Society (ERS)/European Society of Clinical Microbiology and @entity2 (ESCMID) guidelines for managing @entity4 . The present study was an analysis of prospective observational data from @entity0 presenting to primary care with acute cough/ @entity4 . Clinicians recorded symptoms on presentation, and their examination and management. @entity0 were followed up with self-complete diaries. 1,776 (52.7%) @entity0 were prescribed antibiotics. Given @entity0 ' clinical presentation, clinicians could have justified an antibiotic prescription for 1,915 (71.2%) @entity0 according to the ERS/ESCMID guidelines. 761 (42.8%) of those who were prescribed antibiotics received a first-choice antibiotic (i.e. @entity3 or @entity1 ). @entity5 was prescribed for 37 (2.1%) and @entity6 for 117 (6.6%). A lack of specificity in definitions in the ERS/ESCMID guidelines could have enabled clinicians to justify a higher rate of antibiotic prescription. More studies are needed to produce specific clinical definitions and indications for treatment. First-choice antibiotics were prescribed to the minority of @entity0 who received an antibiotic prescription.

title: Antibiotic prescribing for adults with XXXX : congruence with guidelines.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Resection was carried out in 1,025 of 1,654 @entity0 with @entity2 or esophagogastric junction at the Peking Medical College Hospitals in China from 1953 through 1973. All @entity2 of the esophagus were @entity5 except for five @entity4 . A lesion localized within the esophageal wall was found in 55% and lymph node @entity1 in 41.3% of the @entity0 undergoing resection. All @entity2 of the esophagogastric junction were @entity4 . The @entity2 had invaded beyond the boundaries of the stomach in 76.7% of these @entity0 , and positive nodes were found in 61% of the @entity0 . The rate of resectability was 81.2% for @entity3 and 74% for @entity2 of the esophagogastric junction. Surgical mortality after resection was 4.9% (50/1,025). The 5-year survival after resection was 20.9% (214/1,025). Better results were found following complete resection: 24% (210/875) for all @entity0 , 28.2% (162/575) for @entity0 with @entity2 , and 16% (48/300) for @entity0 with @entity2 of the esophagogastric junction. Late survival at 10, 15, and 20 years after resection of @entity3 was 20%, 12%, and 7.4%, respectively. The favorable prognostic factors after resection of @entity3 were @entity2 of the lower third of the esophagus, the absence of lymph node involvement, and the presence of a localized lesion. The 5-year survival for @entity0 with @entity2 of the lower third of the esophagus was 32.7%. It was 64.2% for @entity0 with a localized lesion with negative nodes in this subgroup.

title: XXXX and esophagogastric junction: analysis of results of 1,025 resections after 5 to 20 years.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The autopsy findings in 24 cases (representing 17 males and seven females) that underwent bone marrow transplantation during the course of disease are reported. The mean age of the @entity0 was 20.0 years, with individual ages ranging from 7 to 40 years. In 23 cases, serious @entity2 occurred. A @entity0 frequently exhibited more than one type of @entity3 . In total, there were seven mycotic, eight cytomegalovirus, and 15 @entity5 . Twenty-three cases showed striking lung pathology, the most prevalent lesions being @entity2 and those of @entity1 , which was found in ten cases. Gastrointestinal tract pathology of differing types was observed in 13 cases. @entity6 was observed in three of these cases. Three cases also displayed @entity4 , probably related to their terminal @entity2 . In only two cases could graft-vs-host disease be proved histologically.

title: Main autopsy findings in bone marrow transplant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The development of the branchial arch region was examined at 6- to 12-hour intervals in @entity0 embryos at the age of 9.5-11.5 days after conception [middle of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) 10 to middle of @entity2 12] and in @entity1 embryos at the age of 10.5-12.5 days after conception (middle of @entity2 11 to middle of @entity2 13) using SEM, serial semithin sections and wax plate reconstructions. The 4th branchial groove is always separated from the corresponding pharyngeal pouch by a broad layer of mesenchyme. At no time did we find a membrana obturans in this region. However, during development of the mesenchyme disappears between the branchial grooves and pharyngeal pouches of the first four arches, allowing external ectodermal epithelium to come into contact with the internal endodermal epithelium to form a membrana obturans. In its dorsal parts this membrane is formed by two layers of epithelium, in the ventral portion frequently it consists of only one layer of epithelium. It was not possible to determine whether the latter was derived from ectoderm or endoderm. Degeneration of cells in this ventral part of the membrane leads to openings which we consider to correspond to @entity3 . The possibility of an artefactual genesis of these membrane ruptures is discussed. The "1st @entity3 ' appears in @entity0 embryos 15 the age of 9.75 days (second of @entity2 10), the "2nd @entity3 ' appears first at the age of 10.5 days (middle of @entity2 11), and the "3rd @entity3 ' appears at the age of 11 days (end of @entity2 11). In the @entity1 , the corresponding developmental stages are seen about 24 h later. Whereas the "lst and 3rd @entity3 ' are demonstrable during a period of maximally 12 h, the "2nd @entity3 ' is present during the developmental period of about 24-36 h. This protracted existence of the "2nd @entity3 ' is possibly related to the occurrence of lateral cervical fistulas and cysts in the region of the second branchial arch.

title: [Branchial arch development in the @entity1 and @entity0 . II. The existence of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The development of the branchial arch region was examined at 6- to 12-hour intervals in @entity0 embryos at the age of 9.5-11.5 days after conception [middle of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) 10 to middle of @entity2 12] and in @entity1 embryos at the age of 10.5-12.5 days after conception (middle of @entity2 11 to middle of @entity2 13) using SEM, serial semithin sections and wax plate reconstructions. The 4th branchial groove is always separated from the corresponding pharyngeal pouch by a broad layer of mesenchyme. At no time did we find a membrana obturans in this region. However, during development of the mesenchyme disappears between the branchial grooves and pharyngeal pouches of the first four arches, allowing external ectodermal epithelium to come into contact with the internal endodermal epithelium to form a membrana obturans. In its dorsal parts this membrane is formed by two layers of epithelium, in the ventral portion frequently it consists of only one layer of epithelium. It was not possible to determine whether the latter was derived from ectoderm or endoderm. Degeneration of cells in this ventral part of the membrane leads to openings which we consider to correspond to @entity3 . The possibility of an artefactual genesis of these membrane ruptures is discussed. The "1st @entity3 ' appears in @entity0 embryos 15 the age of 9.75 days (second of @entity2 10), the "2nd @entity3 ' appears first at the age of 10.5 days (middle of @entity2 11), and the "3rd @entity3 ' appears at the age of 11 days (end of @entity2 11). In the @entity1 , the corresponding developmental stages are seen about 24 h later. Whereas the "lst and 3rd @entity3 ' are demonstrable during a period of maximally 12 h, the "2nd @entity3 ' is present during the developmental period of about 24-36 h. This protracted existence of the "2nd @entity3 ' is possibly related to the occurrence of lateral cervical fistulas and cysts in the region of the second branchial arch.

title: [Branchial arch development in the XXXX and @entity0 . II. The existence of @entity3 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The development of the branchial arch region was examined at 6- to 12-hour intervals in @entity0 embryos at the age of 9.5-11.5 days after conception [middle of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) 10 to middle of @entity2 12] and in @entity1 embryos at the age of 10.5-12.5 days after conception (middle of @entity2 11 to middle of @entity2 13) using SEM, serial semithin sections and wax plate reconstructions. The 4th branchial groove is always separated from the corresponding pharyngeal pouch by a broad layer of mesenchyme. At no time did we find a membrana obturans in this region. However, during development of the mesenchyme disappears between the branchial grooves and pharyngeal pouches of the first four arches, allowing external ectodermal epithelium to come into contact with the internal endodermal epithelium to form a membrana obturans. In its dorsal parts this membrane is formed by two layers of epithelium, in the ventral portion frequently it consists of only one layer of epithelium. It was not possible to determine whether the latter was derived from ectoderm or endoderm. Degeneration of cells in this ventral part of the membrane leads to openings which we consider to correspond to @entity3 . The possibility of an artefactual genesis of these membrane ruptures is discussed. The "1st @entity3 ' appears in @entity0 embryos 15 the age of 9.75 days (second of @entity2 10), the "2nd @entity3 ' appears first at the age of 10.5 days (middle of @entity2 11), and the "3rd @entity3 ' appears at the age of 11 days (end of @entity2 11). In the @entity1 , the corresponding developmental stages are seen about 24 h later. Whereas the "lst and 3rd @entity3 ' are demonstrable during a period of maximally 12 h, the "2nd @entity3 ' is present during the developmental period of about 24-36 h. This protracted existence of the "2nd @entity3 ' is possibly related to the occurrence of lateral cervical fistulas and cysts in the region of the second branchial arch.

title: [Branchial arch development in the @entity1 and XXXX . II. The existence of @entity3 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is currently the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. @entity3 is the most common easily identifiable cause of @entity2 , present in 20-30% of preterm births. The conflicting results of success in prematurity prevention programs obtained by different investigators probably reflect the populations that were studied. Meis and colleagues divided the etiologies of low birth weight into four categories: 1) Low birth weight in @entity0 greater than 37 weeks' gestation, 2) @entity3 , 3) birth weight caused by medical complications, and 4) idiopathic @entity2 (IPL). In @entity0 seen in the county health department clinic (1,529 births), IPL accounted for 25% of birth weights less than 2,500 g. In contrast, @entity0 seen in a large private obstetric practice (1,327 births), IPL was the etiology of low birth weight in 47% of @entity0 . Not surprisingly, a prematurity prevention program has not reduced the rate of low birth weight for the public @entity0 but has resulted in decreases of low birth weight for the private @entity0 . Paramount in the prevention of @entity1 is physician education regarding known risk factors, signs and symptoms of @entity2 , and the role of close follow-up in the @entity0 identified as high risk. Papiernik's success with limitation of physical efforts and work leave, when appropriate, in high-risk @entity0 is laudable and, many feel, should be emulated. Prenatal care must include for each @entity0 education concerning the signs and symptoms of @entity2 and @entity3 . Individual risk factors must be ascertained and followed with appropriate observation, therapy, and/or modification plans. Finally, the early detection of @entity2 will expedite prompt treatment and so increase chances of postponing delivery.

title: Prevention of XXXX and premature rupture of the membranes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Forty-six injectable drug products, many of which are administered by i.v. infusion, were studied for loss from aqueous solutions stored in @entity2 infusion bags for various periods of time. The @entity5 bags were stored in the dark at room temperature for up to three months. Drugs stored in glass vials served as controls. The solutions were assayed spectrophotometrically at regular intervals. The effects of drug concentration and pH on the loss of drug from solution were studied. @entity6 -water partition coefficients were used as a gauge of lipid solubility of the drugs. Five of the drug products- @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity0 -were found to be lost to a substantial extent after one week. For all drugs studied, the effects of the initial concentration on drug loss varied. The amount of drug lost over a given time was a function of the pH of the solution. The main physico-chemical determinants controlling drug sorption appeared to be the extent of ionization and the lipid solubility of the drug. For most of the drugs studied, minimal losses from the aqueous solutions were observed over short periods of storage time. Disappearance was slow and time dependent, indicating a diffusion-controlled sorption process. The losses of @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity3 may be clinically important.

title: Interactions between drugs and XXXX infusion bags.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Deterioration of cardiac autonomic nervous system in @entity1 is associated with increased cardiac and arrhythmogenic mortality. Therefore, the present study engaged in the question how heart rate variability is acutely changed in @entity1 or @entity4 . Moreover was evaluated how blood pressure, heart rate and incidence of @entity3 can be explained by figures of heart rate variability. @entity0 AND METHODS: In a prospective observation of time course we investigated in 4 years consecutively 12 intensive care @entity0 with DKA and 2 with @entity5 (10 male, 4 female, 19-62 years, initial plasma @entity2 404-1192 mg/dl). All @entity0 received a standardized treatment to international current guidelines. In addition to hemodynamic and clinical-chemical monitoring HRV analysis was performed continuously for at least 48 hours. Simultaneously, we determined supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmic episodes. RESULTS: HRV was diminished over the whole spectrum in dependence on blood @entity2 concentration. Thus, sympathovagal balance (LF/HF ratio) was initially sympathetic predominated in blood @entity2 levels < 600 mg/dl (relatively prevailing LF power) and vagal predominated in blood @entity2 levels > 600 mg/dl (relatively prevailing HF power). In correlation analysis of HRV parameters with blood @entity2 rS-coefficients from -0.934 to -0.821 were achieved (p < 0.001). Further, the initial mean blood pressure correlated with the LF/HF ratio in HRV minimum (rS = 0.711, p = 0.004). The initial heart rate in relation to assumed intrinsic frequency correlated with minimal found Total Power (rS = -0.656, p = 0.011). In the period of whole 48 hours, more arrhythmic events occurred in consequence to initial @entity2 levels (rS = 0.693, p = 0.006). But the maximum of arrhythmic episodes was usually later ascertained than the minimum of HRV (p < 0.001). At the time of each arrhythmic maximum the sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) showed no uniform figures. Only similar in all cases was that the LF/HF ratio was found either > 4 or < 1. CONCLUSION: Clinical complications in high @entity2 levels must be seen in the context of a nearly complete blockade of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Basically to extreme autonomic restriction, sympathetic and vagal predominance can change rapidly into each other. This retarded vulnerable predisposition may declare the arrhythmic potential. An important progress in the monitoring of @entity0 could be achieved by implementation of a continuous HRV measurement because hereby the actual risk potential can be ascertained timely and reliably.

title: [Impairment of cardiac autonomic nervous system and incidence of XXXX in severe hyperglycemia].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The cost, @entity0 compliance considerations, and @entity1 of short-course chemotherapy (SCC) and conventional 18- to 24-month treatment regimens for @entity5 are compared; studies of the efficacy of SCC regimens are evaluated; and the future of SCC in the United States is examined. SCC is defined as treatment for nine months or less. A definite advantage of SCC over conventional therapy in terms of cost, @entity0 compliance, or adverse effects has not been established. A series of studies conducted by the East African-British Medical Research Council documented the efficacy of various six-month, multiple-drug regimens that contain @entity3 and verified the sterilizing activity of @entity9 during the first two months of therapy. The studies of the Hong Kong Chest Service and British Medical Research Council documented the efficacy of several intermittent drug regimens. Acceptable relapse rates were achieved with @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 given two or three times a week for four or six months, preceded by a two-month, multiple-drug, daily regimen, and various four-drug, @entity9 -containing intermittent regimens. The benefit of @entity9 in reducing the relapse rate with SCC was confirmed by studies of the British @entity4 and @entity2 Association. Few studies of SCC have been conducted in the United States. Treatment practices in the United States are becoming more uniform, and SCC is being used more frequently for uncomplicated @entity5 . SCC will probably be used more widely in the future. Current guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control recommend treatment for nine months with @entity6 and @entity3 , plus @entity7 in areas where resistance to @entity6 is common. In vitro data suggest that the addition of @entity9 may be more effective, but clinical experience with this drug in the United States is limited.

title: Short-course drug therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation of retrobulbar volume change, resected orbital fat volume, and @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional and prospective study. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 (44 orbits) with @entity3 underwent fatty decompression. Preoperative orbital computed tomography (CT) imaging with a 2-mm cut was compared with postoperative imaging carried out 6 months after fatty decompression. The relationship of retrobulbar volume change, resected orbital fat volume, and @entity2 reduction was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Linear regression was performed using resected fat volume or @entity2 reduction as independent variables and retrobulbar volume change as a dependent variable to validate the effect of fatty decompression. RESULTS: Mean @entity2 reduction was 4.1    0.9 mm. Mean volume of resected orbital fat was 4.4    1.2 mL. Mean retrobulbar volume change in computed tomographic imaging was 3.2    1.0 cm(3). The change in retrobulbar volume was correlated strongly with @entity2 reduction and volume of resected orbital fat. Linear regression revealed the following equation for Retrobulbar volume change: 0.546   Hertel change + 0.945 or 0.293   Volume of resected orbital fat + 1.917. CONCLUSIONS: Fatty decompression can reduce @entity2 for @entity0 with disfiguring @entity3 . Because of the close correlation of retrobulbar volume change with volume of resected orbital fat and @entity2 reduction, we propose that orbital fat removal may be accompanied by @entity1 . Evidence of decreased retrobulbar volume may result in effective @entity2 reduction.

title: Correlation of retrobulbar volume change with resected orbital fat volume and XXXX for @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation of retrobulbar volume change, resected orbital fat volume, and @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional and prospective study. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 (44 orbits) with @entity3 underwent fatty decompression. Preoperative orbital computed tomography (CT) imaging with a 2-mm cut was compared with postoperative imaging carried out 6 months after fatty decompression. The relationship of retrobulbar volume change, resected orbital fat volume, and @entity2 reduction was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Linear regression was performed using resected fat volume or @entity2 reduction as independent variables and retrobulbar volume change as a dependent variable to validate the effect of fatty decompression. RESULTS: Mean @entity2 reduction was 4.1    0.9 mm. Mean volume of resected orbital fat was 4.4    1.2 mL. Mean retrobulbar volume change in computed tomographic imaging was 3.2    1.0 cm(3). The change in retrobulbar volume was correlated strongly with @entity2 reduction and volume of resected orbital fat. Linear regression revealed the following equation for Retrobulbar volume change: 0.546   Hertel change + 0.945 or 0.293   Volume of resected orbital fat + 1.917. CONCLUSIONS: Fatty decompression can reduce @entity2 for @entity0 with disfiguring @entity3 . Because of the close correlation of retrobulbar volume change with volume of resected orbital fat and @entity2 reduction, we propose that orbital fat removal may be accompanied by @entity1 . Evidence of decreased retrobulbar volume may result in effective @entity2 reduction.

title: Correlation of retrobulbar volume change with resected orbital fat volume and @entity1 for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the 24 months outcomes from a clinical trial of intravitreal @entity5 (IVTA) plus laser versus laser treatment only in eyes with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study. @entity0 : Eighty-four eyes of 54 @entity0 were entered into the study, with 42 eyes randomly assigned to receive IVTA plus laser and 42 randomly assigned to receive laser treatment alone. Primary end point data were available for 71 (84.5%) eyes at 24 months, with last visual acuity observation carried forward for the remaining eyes. METHODS: Best-corrected logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by optical coherence tomography were measured after laser treatment preceded by either IVTA or sham. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The primary outcome was the proportion of eyes with improvement in visual acuity of 10 letters or more at 24 months. The secondary outcomes were mean visual acuity, requirement for further treatment, change in @entity2 , and adverse events. RESULTS: At 24 months, improvement of 10 logMAR letters or more was seen in 15 (36%) of 42 eyes treated with IVTA plus laser compared with 7 (17%) of 42 eyes treated with laser only (P = 0.047; odds ratio, 2.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-7.67). There was no difference in the mean @entity2 or mean logMAR visual acuity between 2 groups. At least 1 retreatment was required in the second year of the study in 29 (69%) of 42 IVTA plus laser-treated eyes compared with 19 (45%) of 42 laser only eyes (P = 0.187). @entity1 were removed from 17 (61%) of 28 phakic IVTA plus laser-treated eyes versus 0 (0%) of 27 laser only eyes (P<0.001). Treatment for @entity4 was required in 27 (64%) of 42 IVTA plus laser eyes compared with 10 (24%) of 42 laser only eyes (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with IVTA plus laser resulted in a doubling of improvement in vision by 10 letters or more compared with laser only over 2 years in eyes with @entity3 , but is associated with @entity1 and raised intraocular pressure.

title: Intravitreal triamcinolone prior to laser treatment of XXXX : 24-month results of a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phase analysis, developed to assess dyssynchrony from ECG-gated radionuclide ventriculography, has shown promising results. We hypothesized that quantifying the cardiac resynchronization reserve, that is, the extent of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), by radionuclide imaging could potentially identify @entity0 who are best suited for CRT. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity0 ages 64.8  10.1 years were prospectively studied from July 2004 to July 2006, of whom 62.2% and 37.8%, respectively, were in New York Heart Association class 3 and 4. Mean QRS width was 173  25 ms. ECG-gated radionuclide ventriculography to quantify interventricular and intraventricular dyssynchrony was performed at baseline with and without CRT and at the 3-month follow-up visit. @entity3 -terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels were also determined at baseline and at 3 months. During a mean follow-up of 10.1  7.6 months, there were 37 (50%) clinical events that defined the nonresponder group, including @entity1 or readmission for worsening @entity2 . In multivariate Cox model analysis, higher NT-pro-BNP blood levels were associated with a significant increase in the risk for event (hazard ratio=1.085 for a 100 pg/L increase in NT-pro-BNP; 95% confidence interval, 1.014 to 1.161). Each 10   elevation in intraventricular dyssynchrony was associated with a decrease in the risk of events (hazard ratio=0.456, 95% confidence interval, 0.304 to 0.683). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that an @entity4 cutoff value of 25.5   for intraventricular synchrony yielded 91.4% sensitivity and 84.4% specificity for predicting a good response to CRT. CONCLUSIONS: The quantification of @entity4 with radionuclide phase analysis suggests that early postimplantation @entity4 may provide identification of CRT responders.

title: Quantification of ventricular resynchronization reserve by radionuclide phase analysis in XXXX @entity0 : a prospective long-term study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phase analysis, developed to assess dyssynchrony from ECG-gated radionuclide ventriculography, has shown promising results. We hypothesized that quantifying the cardiac resynchronization reserve, that is, the extent of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), by radionuclide imaging could potentially identify @entity0 who are best suited for CRT. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity0 ages 64.8  10.1 years were prospectively studied from July 2004 to July 2006, of whom 62.2% and 37.8%, respectively, were in New York Heart Association class 3 and 4. Mean QRS width was 173  25 ms. ECG-gated radionuclide ventriculography to quantify interventricular and intraventricular dyssynchrony was performed at baseline with and without CRT and at the 3-month follow-up visit. @entity3 -terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels were also determined at baseline and at 3 months. During a mean follow-up of 10.1  7.6 months, there were 37 (50%) clinical events that defined the nonresponder group, including @entity1 or readmission for worsening @entity2 . In multivariate Cox model analysis, higher NT-pro-BNP blood levels were associated with a significant increase in the risk for event (hazard ratio=1.085 for a 100 pg/L increase in NT-pro-BNP; 95% confidence interval, 1.014 to 1.161). Each 10   elevation in intraventricular dyssynchrony was associated with a decrease in the risk of events (hazard ratio=0.456, 95% confidence interval, 0.304 to 0.683). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that an @entity4 cutoff value of 25.5   for intraventricular synchrony yielded 91.4% sensitivity and 84.4% specificity for predicting a good response to CRT. CONCLUSIONS: The quantification of @entity4 with radionuclide phase analysis suggests that early postimplantation @entity4 may provide identification of CRT responders.

title: Quantification of ventricular resynchronization reserve by radionuclide phase analysis in @entity2 XXXX : a prospective long-term study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The active state of arterial muscle can be regulated by electrical events occurring at the plasma membrane. Factors which affect the level of the resting membrane potential can markedly alter resting tone, and sensitivity and contractility to agonists. The relative K+ conductance (gk) appears to be a principle factor in this regard. Reduction of gk induces generation of action potentials with concomitant mechanical activity. Cerebral arteries exposed to subarachnoid blood exhibit altered electrical and mechanical properties which predispose them to @entity3 ; a phenomenon related to a reduced gk. Arterial muscle from @entity1 animals exhibit membrane electrical properties which may contribute to an elevated peripheral vascular resistance, namely, an elevated PNa/Pk ratio and altered electrogenic ion transport. Upon exposure to elevated transmural pressures, isolated cerebral arterial muscle cells depolarize and generate spontaneous "pacemaker-like" action potentials, processes which appear to be @entity2 dependent. Cerebral arteries from spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 depolarize more to elevated transmural pressures when compared to WKY. This increased membrane depolarization to pressure may be the result of an elevated @entity2 permeability and/or an alteration in gk at the SHR arterial muscle cell membrane. Thus, abnormal activation of arterial muscle can be mediated by factors controlling transmembrane electrical gradients and ionic conductance systems.

title: Electrophysiological mechanisms of arterial muscle activation: alterations associated with cerebral vasospasm and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Small intestinal histology is the criterion standard for the diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). However, results of serological tests such as anti-endomysium antibodies and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA) are becoming increasingly reliable. This raises the question of whether a small intestinal biopsy is always necessary. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate whether a small intestinal biopsy can be avoided in a selected group of @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Serology and histological slides obtained from 283 pediatric @entity0 suspected of having @entity3 were examined retrospectively. The response to a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 with a tTGA level >=  100 U/mL was investigated. RESULTS: A tTGA level >=  100 U/mL was found in 128 of the 283 @entity0 . Upon microscopic examination of the small intestinal epithelium, @entity1 was found in 124 of these @entity0 , confirming the presence of @entity3 . Three @entity0 had crypt @entity2 or an increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes. In 1 @entity0 no histological abnormalities were found. This @entity0 did not respond to a @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric @entity0 with a tTGA level >=  100 U/mL in whom symptoms improve upon consuming a @entity3 may not need a small intestinal biopsy to confirm @entity3 .

title: A biopsy is not always necessary to diagnose XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Morbidity and mortality among neonates with group B @entity5 remain high. As delays in @entity6 may be responsible for these poor results, there is a need for studies into killing kinetics. We investigated antimicrobial sensitivity and killing effect time lags for @entity0 , @entity4 and @entity7 , alone and in combination with @entity3 or @entity8 , against 20 strains of group B streptococci isolated in cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid from neonates. A culture of each strain (10(5) germs/ml) was exposed to the antibiotics individually or in combination. Antibiotics were used in the concentrations achieved clinically. Surviving bacteria were counted after 2 h 30, 4 h 30 and 24 h. incubation. Mean killing curves showed that the time interval until onset of a killing effect was 24 hours with either @entity0 or @entity4 alone, against 4 h 30 with @entity0 - @entity8 or @entity4 - @entity3 . The most rapid killing effect (2 h 30) was observed with @entity7 alone and @entity4 - @entity8 . No antagonism was found between @entity7 and @entity2 . Choice of the best antibiotic treatment for group B @entity5 should be based on both the rapidity of the in vitro killing effect and the antibiotic's diffusion into the site of the @entity1 .

title: [Optimum choice of antibiotic treatment in XXXX due to group B streptococci].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirty @entity0 with proximal third femur @entity3 were treated with pins-in-thigh plaster. @entity0 were divided into two groups: (1) acute (pins-in-plaster applied within one month after injury); and (2) late (pins-in-plaster applied later than one month @entity1 ). @entity0 in the acute group had application of pins-in-plaster inserted at an average of nine days after injury, and were treated in plaster for 9.4 weeks with union occurring at 10.7 weeks. @entity0 in the late group had application of pins-in-plaster an average of 13.3 weeks after injury, treatment in plaster for 7.7 weeks, and union at 21 weeks. @entity2 healed as rapidly as other areas of the femur when braced early. Twenty-five @entity3 demonstrated less than 2 cm of shortening and less than 10 degrees of varus. There were no nonunions. One @entity0 developed a deep wound @entity4 . Antibiotics were required in seven @entity0 because of pin tract drainage, which ceased once the pins were removed. This method is indicated in active @entity0 with comminuted or open @entity3 but neither in the elderly or senile @entity0 , or in intertrochanteric-subtrochanteric @entity3 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with pins and thigh plaster.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Arthroscopically assisted percutaneous internal fixation has found its place in the treatment of @entity1 , with good short-term results reported. The objective of this study was to observe the progression of @entity2 at the medium term through clinical and radiological assessment. @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 were treated with arthroscopy-assisted percutaneous fixation for stage I-III Schatzker @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity0 were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 59.5 months (range, 24-138 months); satisfaction was good except for return to sports activity. The mean IKS score was 85.2 for the knee score and 91 for function. The mean Lysholm score was 86 points, with a mean Tegner activity score of 4. A mean score of 25.5 and 8 points was found for the clinical and radiological Rasmussen scores, respectively; 47.6% of the @entity0 presented @entity2 on radiological evaluation. DISCUSSION: The medium-term functional results were comparable to the short-term results. The @entity0 were satisfied except for return to sports activity. Age at surgery appears as a prognostic factor for @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic internal fixation remains the technical reference for @entity1 despite the appearance of @entity2 , which remains less extensive than in open surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV. Retrospective study.

title: Percutaneous fixation of XXXX under arthroscopy: a medium term perspective.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The problem of @entity2 superimposed on the basic collagen defect of @entity3 has been approached by the use of plastic containment orthoses for the lower limbs, in addition to developmentally staged mobility devices that assist early standing and walking. The purpose of forcing early weight-bearing is to provide stress to the lower limb bones in order to minimize @entity2 , prevent @entity1 , and curb subsequent immobilization @entity2 , thus breaking a vicious cycle. Management goals are based upon adult needs for independence: efficiency in daily living activities and in mobility. These goals were reached in most of our @entity0 via use of plastic orthoses, early weight-bearing, and electrically powered wheelchairs. Manual osteoclasis of the tibia followed by plastic orthoses utilizing principles of fluid compression to support fractured or structurally weak bones appeared successful at the time of follow-up. Intramedullary rodding of the femur was necessary in most of the 12 @entity0 with @entity4 . Supplementary plastic orthoses have reduced the refracture rate in both the tibia and the femur. Social integration of the @entity0 was reflected by the fact that among the 12 OI congenita cases, ten were attending regular educational institutions. Twelve @entity3 @entity0 fared well, all attaining complete independence in daily living, mobility and ambulation. Seven of this group were treated with intramedullary rodding of the femur or tibia and with plastic orthoses. Five @entity0 required no treatment.

title: Nonoperative treatment of XXXX : orthotic and mobility management.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity9 are caused by the aerobic faecal flora. In @entity3 that flora is spread via the urethra to the urine and in some cases also to the @entity1 . Dissemination from urine to blood resulting in @entity5 may occur. Treatment of @entity3 should be given with antibiotics that cause minimal ecological disturbances in the faecal flora, i.e. emergence of resistance and selection of resistant species which may cause reinfections, should be avoided. If an antibiotic does not cause @entity4 , poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is to be preferred when @entity3 is treated since it will result in a reduction of the reservoir of bacteria capable of reinfecting the @entity0 post-treatment. In @entity2 , the aetiology is bacterial in about 60% of the cases. @entity2 is by far more common in the third world where it is a problem mainly in neonates, @entity0 and @entity0 but also for travellers. Antibiotic treatment of @entity4 with antibiotics like @entity10 , @entity7 or @entity6 may cause rapid selection of resistant faecal Enterobacteriaceae, which in many cases are multiple resistant. This is also the case if antibiotics are used to prevent travellers' @entity4 . The @entity12 offer a new approach to treatment of both @entity2 . Their wide antibacterial spectrum against aerobes and lack of activity against anaerobes is in this respect optimal. Moreover, some of them, e.g. @entity11 and @entity8 , are poorly absorbed and will markedly reduce the faecal aerobes without selecting other bacterial species. @entity11 has a well proven efficacy in @entity3 but remains to be proven in @entity2 .

title: Principles for targeted antibiotic use in urinary tract and @entity2 : a review with special emphasis on XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity9 are caused by the aerobic faecal flora. In @entity3 that flora is spread via the urethra to the urine and in some cases also to the @entity1 . Dissemination from urine to blood resulting in @entity5 may occur. Treatment of @entity3 should be given with antibiotics that cause minimal ecological disturbances in the faecal flora, i.e. emergence of resistance and selection of resistant species which may cause reinfections, should be avoided. If an antibiotic does not cause @entity4 , poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is to be preferred when @entity3 is treated since it will result in a reduction of the reservoir of bacteria capable of reinfecting the @entity0 post-treatment. In @entity2 , the aetiology is bacterial in about 60% of the cases. @entity2 is by far more common in the third world where it is a problem mainly in neonates, @entity0 and @entity0 but also for travellers. Antibiotic treatment of @entity4 with antibiotics like @entity10 , @entity7 or @entity6 may cause rapid selection of resistant faecal Enterobacteriaceae, which in many cases are multiple resistant. This is also the case if antibiotics are used to prevent travellers' @entity4 . The @entity12 offer a new approach to treatment of both @entity2 . Their wide antibacterial spectrum against aerobes and lack of activity against anaerobes is in this respect optimal. Moreover, some of them, e.g. @entity11 and @entity8 , are poorly absorbed and will markedly reduce the faecal aerobes without selecting other bacterial species. @entity11 has a well proven efficacy in @entity3 but remains to be proven in @entity2 .

title: Principles for targeted antibiotic use in urinary tract and XXXX : a review with special emphasis on @entity11 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although pacemaker (PM) implantation has developed into a standard therapy in appropriate rhythm disorders the procedure is not free of complications. One of the most common problems is thrombotic alteration in the region of the entry of the pacemaker electrode into the venous system. To obtain more details of the incidence and extent of these complications, we investigated a total of 97 @entity0 in two groups, clinically, phlebographically and by Doppler-ultrasound technique. 56 (30 males, 26 females, mean age 73 years) were examined 1 week, and 41 (18 males, 23 females, mean age 72 years) 1 year after PM implantation. The thrombotic changes were quantified and correlated to various anamnestic and clinical parameters with the following results: 1 week after implantation 25% of @entity0 show thrombi with collaterals, in 15% shorter than, and in 10% longer than 3 cm. One complete obturation of the implantation vessel was recognized. Thrombotic changes without collaterals were found in 36%, in 25% shorter than, and in 11% longer than 3 cm. One year after PM implantation there are organized thrombi in 71%, 41% of these @entity0 show collaterals phlebographically. The others had no hemodynamic changes. Of all the anamnestic and clinical parameters, a significant correlation was found only between development of thrombi and material of electrodes. @entity3 electrodes have a significantly higher rate of @entity1 than @entity2 electrodes (p less than or equal to 0.0066).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical incidence of subclavian XXXX following pacemaker implantation].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has profound immunosuppressive actions and has been applied successfully to allotransplantation but not xenotransplantation. @entity2 ( @entity4 ) has not generally permitted successful xenotransplantation of organs but has not been used in combination with @entity3 . @entity3 and CsA were given alone and in combination to @entity0 that were recipients of hamster or @entity1 cardiac xenografts. Combined @entity3 and CsA prolonged survival of hamster-to- @entity0 cardiac xenografts from three days in untreated controls to greater than 100 days in most recipients. @entity3 alone significantly prolonged @entity1 to @entity0 xenograft survival with doubling of survival time. However, combined treatment did not significantly prolong @entity1 -to- @entity0 cardiac xenograft survival compared with @entity3 alone. The hamster and @entity0 are phylogenetically closely related. Transplants from hamsters to @entity0 are concordant xenografts since the time course of unmodified rejection is similar to first-set rejection of allografts. Although the @entity1 -to- @entity0 transplant is also between concordant species (average survival of untreated controls: 3.2 days) the @entity1 and @entity0 are more distantly related. These results suggest that @entity3 is an effective immunosuppressant when applied to cardiac xenotransplants in these animal models; that the choice of species critically affects xenograft survival when @entity3 and/or CsA are used for immunosuppression; and that the closely related species combination tested has markedly prolonged (greater than 100 days) survival using combined @entity3 and CsA.

title: Xenograft survival in two species combinations using total-lymphoid irradiation and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent work on odor hedonics in @entity1 has indicated that @entity0 display @entity2 in comparison to healthy comparison @entity0 . In the current study, identification accuracy for pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant odors in individuals with @entity1 and healthy controls was examined. Thirty-three @entity1 @entity0 (63% male) and thirty-one healthy volunteers (65% male) were recruited. The groups were well matched on age, sex, and smoking status. @entity0 were administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, which was subsequently divided into 16 pleasant, 15 neutral, and 9 unpleasant items. Analysis of identification z-scores for pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant odors revealed a significant diagnosis by valence interaction. Post-hoc analysis revealed that @entity1 @entity0 made more identification errors on pleasant and neutral odors compared to healthy controls, with no differences observed for unpleasant odors. No effect was seen for sex. The findings from the current investigation suggest that odor identification accuracy in @entity0 is influenced by odor valence. This pattern of results parallels a growing body of literature indicating that @entity0 display aberrant pleasantness ratings for pleasant odors and highlights the need for additional research on the influence of odor valence on olfactory identification performance in individuals with @entity1 .

title: Identification of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant odors in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 are an important public health problem given their growing incidence as well as their functional and vital repercussions. With longer survival, @entity0 with a contralateral @entity3 are increasingly numerous. The objective of this study was to investigate the bilateralization of @entity2 in terms of anatomic location and time to the second @entity3 . HYPOTHESIS: Contralateral @entity3 are of the same anatomical type as the primary @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective epidemiological study on all @entity0 managed for @entity2 between January 2007 and May 2008. Each case of bilateralization was studied. RESULTS: We included 241 @entity0 in the study. The mean age at occurrence of the primary @entity3 was 83.3 years (range, 60-99 years). The distribution showed 45.6% true @entity4 and 54.4% trochanteric @entity3 . Twenty-six of the 241 @entity0 had already suffered from a @entity2 (10.8%). This @entity3 was the same type as the recent @entity3 in 80.8% of the cases. The mean time between the two @entity3 was 5.6 years (range, 1-277 months). DISCUSSION: The contralateral @entity3 were the same anatomical type as the primary @entity3 in eight out of ten @entity0 and the symmetry remains intact in 64-83% depending on the series. The @entity3 occurred on average within 5 years of the first @entity2 . In cases of asymmetry, the second @entity3 was more often a trochanteric @entity3 . The causes explaining this symmetry are several and are poorly known. The risk factors are numerous and their prevention is essential (acting on the @entity0 's environment to prevent falls, rehabilitation to reestablish autonomy after the first @entity3 , and preventive treatment of @entity1 ), although these notions are often ignored by surgeons. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, retrospective study.

title: Non-simultaneous bilateral XXXX : epidemiologic study of 241 @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 are an important public health problem given their growing incidence as well as their functional and vital repercussions. With longer survival, @entity0 with a contralateral @entity3 are increasingly numerous. The objective of this study was to investigate the bilateralization of @entity2 in terms of anatomic location and time to the second @entity3 . HYPOTHESIS: Contralateral @entity3 are of the same anatomical type as the primary @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective epidemiological study on all @entity0 managed for @entity2 between January 2007 and May 2008. Each case of bilateralization was studied. RESULTS: We included 241 @entity0 in the study. The mean age at occurrence of the primary @entity3 was 83.3 years (range, 60-99 years). The distribution showed 45.6% true @entity4 and 54.4% trochanteric @entity3 . Twenty-six of the 241 @entity0 had already suffered from a @entity2 (10.8%). This @entity3 was the same type as the recent @entity3 in 80.8% of the cases. The mean time between the two @entity3 was 5.6 years (range, 1-277 months). DISCUSSION: The contralateral @entity3 were the same anatomical type as the primary @entity3 in eight out of ten @entity0 and the symmetry remains intact in 64-83% depending on the series. The @entity3 occurred on average within 5 years of the first @entity2 . In cases of asymmetry, the second @entity3 was more often a trochanteric @entity3 . The causes explaining this symmetry are several and are poorly known. The risk factors are numerous and their prevention is essential (acting on the @entity0 's environment to prevent falls, rehabilitation to reestablish autonomy after the first @entity3 , and preventive treatment of @entity1 ), although these notions are often ignored by surgeons. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, retrospective study.

title: Non-simultaneous bilateral @entity2 : epidemiologic study of 241 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Since the introduction of total parenteral nutrition an increasing number of @entity0 are surviving massive intestinal resection. However, the expense, morbidity, and inconvenience of this therapy have created interest in surgical alternatives for the treatment of the @entity2 . The goals of surgical therapy in the @entity2 are to slow intestinal transit, increase the area of absorption, and reduce @entity1 . Antiperistaltic segments or colon interposition benefit @entity0 with sufficient absorptive area, but rapid intestinal transit. Intestinal valves yield inconsistent results. Recirculating loops are associated with prohibitive morbidity and mortality. Experience with intestinal pacing is limited. @entity0 with dilated bowel segments may benefit from intestinal tapering or lengthening. Growing neomucosa holds promise but has not been evaluated clinically. Despite recent advances in immunosuppression the results of transplantation remain unsatisfactory. @entity1 can be effectively controlled by H2 receptor antagonists. None of the operations for treatment of the @entity2 is sufficiently safe and effective to recommend their routine use. Operations should be performed only on selected @entity0 to achieve specific goals. Although investigation continues, our emphasis should continue to be prevention of intestinal resection and conservation of as much of the intestine as possible when massive resection is necessary.

title: Surgical alternatives for the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The primary inflorescence stem of @entity1 is rich in lignified cell walls, in both vascular bundles and interfascicular fibres. Previous gene expression studies demonstrated a correlation between expression of @entity2 biosynthetic genes and a subset of genes encoding @entity0 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters, especially in the ABCB/multi-drug resistance/P-glycoprotein (ABCB/MDR/PGP) and ABCG/pleiotropic drug resistance (ABCG/PDR) subfamilies. The objective of this study was to characterize these ABC transporters in terms of their gene expression and their function in development of lignified cells. Based on in silico analyses, four ABC transporters were selected for detailed investigation: ABCB11/MDR8, @entity3 /MDR12, ABCB15/MDR13, and ABCG33/ @entity4 . Promoter::glucuronidase reporter assays for each gene indicated that promoters of ABCB11, @entity3 , ABCB15, and ABCG33 transporters are active in the vascular tissues of primary stem, and in some cases in interfascicular tissues as well. Homozygous T-DNA insertion mutant lines showed no apparent irregular xylem phenotype or alterations in interfascicular fibre lignification or morphology in comparison with wild type. However, in @entity3 -1 mutants, stem vascular morphology was slightly disorganized, with decreased phloem area in the vascular bundle and decreased xylem vessel lumen diameter. In addition, @entity3 -1 mutants showed both decreased polar auxin transport through whole stems and altered auxin distribution in the procambium. It is proposed that both @entity3 and ABCB15 promote auxin transport since inflorescence stems in both mutants showed a reduction in polar auxin transport, which was not observed for any of the ABCG subfamily mutants tested. In the case of @entity3 , the reduction in auxin transport is correlated with a mild disruption of vascular development in the inflorescence stem.

title: ABC transporters coordinately expressed during lignification of XXXX stems include a set of ABCBs associated with auxin transport.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Casparian bands are characteristic of the endodermis and exodermis of roots, but also occur infrequently in other plant organs, for example stems and leaves. To date, these structures have not been detected in phellem cells of a periderm. The aim of this study was to determine whether Casparian bands occur in phellem cells using tests that are known to detect Casparian bands in cells that also contain suberin lamellae. Both natural periderm and wound-induced structures were examined in shoots and roots. METHODS: Using @entity3 as a candidate species, the following tests were conducted: (1) staining with @entity1 and counterstaining with @entity4 , (2) mounting sections in concentrated @entity0 and (3) investigating the permeability of the walls with @entity1 as an apoplastic, fluorescent tracer. KEY RESULTS: (1) @entity1 - @entity2 blue staining revealed a modification in the radial and transverse walls of mature phellem cells in both stems and roots. Three days after wounding through to the cortex of stems, the boundary zone cells (pre-existing, living cells nearest the wound) had developed vividly stained primary walls. By 17 d, staining of mature phellem cells of wound-induced periderm was similar to that of natural periderm. (2) Mature native phellem cells of stems resisted acid digestion. (3) @entity1 was excluded from the anticlinal (radial and transverse) walls of mature phellem cells in stems and roots, and from the wound-induced boundary zone. CONCLUSIONS: Casparian bands are present in mature phellem cells in both stems and roots of @entity3 . It is proposed that Casparian bands act to retard water loss and pathogen entry through the primary cell walls of the phellem cells, thus contributing to the main functions of the periderm.

title: Casparian bands occur in the periderm of XXXX stem and root.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We evaluated the surgical results of 42 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 treated from 1973 to 1984 to determine the causes of @entity3 and to evaluate our treatment methods. @entity0 were divided into early and late repair groups and their charts reviewed to determine common clinical features. A new method of repair with early functional range of motion exercises before casting was used and compared to other techniques in common use. Thirty-one @entity0 were contacted for long-term followup (average, 4.7 years). Twenty-three of these @entity0 returned for intensive reevaluation and Cybex testing. We found a high incidence of @entity2 (14.3%) and previous @entity1 injections (7.1%) in our @entity0 . Good results were obtained from the four surgical methods used. There were no reruptures and only 7% of the @entity0 experienced minor wound problems. @entity0 treated with early functional range of motion exercises averaged 12.5 degrees more dorsiflexion at the time of cast removal and did not require adjunctive protective devices. Long-term results, however, revealed equilibration of range of motion and near normal function in all repair techniques with 88% of all @entity0 returning to preinjury activity levels.

title: Surgical repair of Achilles XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The mechanisms whereby the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) exerts its anabolic action on bone are incompletely understood. We previously showed that inhibition of @entity7 enhanced @entity4 -induced bone anabolic action in osteoblasts. These findings suggested the hypothesis that changes in gene expression associated with the altered @entity4 -induced signaling brought about by an @entity7 inhibitor would identify novel bone anabolic factors in osteoblasts. We therefore performed a comparative DNA microarray analysis between empty vector-transfected @entity0 osteoblastic @entity0 cells and @entity5 -treated stable @entity4 -overexpressing @entity0 cells. Among the novel factors, @entity11 was selected on the basis of its rapid induction by @entity8 independent of later increases in endogenous @entity1 . The levels of @entity11 increased with time in cultures of @entity0 cells and @entity0 mesenchymal @entity0 cells committed to the osteoblast lineage by @entity6 . @entity8 stimulated @entity11 levels within 1 h as determined by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry in @entity0 cells. @entity0 cells stably overexpressing @entity11 exhibited elevated levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , alkaline phosphatase, and b-catenin, whereas @entity11 augmented @entity6 -induced @entity2 levels in mesenchymal cells. @entity11 interacted with @entity2 , @entity9 , and @entity10 in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, we identified a @entity4 -related factor, @entity11 , that is induced by @entity8 and promotes differentiation in @entity0 osteoblastic cells. @entity11 is an important molecule in the pathway downstream of @entity8 and @entity4 signaling in osteoblasts.

title: @entity8 -responsive @entity4 -related factor, XXXX , promotes osteoblast differentiation and interacts with the bone morphogenetic protein- @entity2 pathway.

answer: @entity11


abstract: The mechanisms whereby the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) exerts its anabolic action on bone are incompletely understood. We previously showed that inhibition of @entity7 enhanced @entity4 -induced bone anabolic action in osteoblasts. These findings suggested the hypothesis that changes in gene expression associated with the altered @entity4 -induced signaling brought about by an @entity7 inhibitor would identify novel bone anabolic factors in osteoblasts. We therefore performed a comparative DNA microarray analysis between empty vector-transfected @entity0 osteoblastic @entity0 cells and @entity5 -treated stable @entity4 -overexpressing @entity0 cells. Among the novel factors, @entity11 was selected on the basis of its rapid induction by @entity8 independent of later increases in endogenous @entity1 . The levels of @entity11 increased with time in cultures of @entity0 cells and @entity0 mesenchymal @entity0 cells committed to the osteoblast lineage by @entity6 . @entity8 stimulated @entity11 levels within 1 h as determined by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry in @entity0 cells. @entity0 cells stably overexpressing @entity11 exhibited elevated levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , alkaline phosphatase, and b-catenin, whereas @entity11 augmented @entity6 -induced @entity2 levels in mesenchymal cells. @entity11 interacted with @entity2 , @entity9 , and @entity10 in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, we identified a @entity4 -related factor, @entity11 , that is induced by @entity8 and promotes differentiation in @entity0 osteoblastic cells. @entity11 is an important molecule in the pathway downstream of @entity8 and @entity4 signaling in osteoblasts.

title: @entity8 -responsive @entity4 -related factor, @entity11 , promotes osteoblast differentiation and interacts with the bone morphogenetic protein- XXXX pathway.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mechanisms whereby the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) exerts its anabolic action on bone are incompletely understood. We previously showed that inhibition of @entity7 enhanced @entity4 -induced bone anabolic action in osteoblasts. These findings suggested the hypothesis that changes in gene expression associated with the altered @entity4 -induced signaling brought about by an @entity7 inhibitor would identify novel bone anabolic factors in osteoblasts. We therefore performed a comparative DNA microarray analysis between empty vector-transfected @entity0 osteoblastic @entity0 cells and @entity5 -treated stable @entity4 -overexpressing @entity0 cells. Among the novel factors, @entity11 was selected on the basis of its rapid induction by @entity8 independent of later increases in endogenous @entity1 . The levels of @entity11 increased with time in cultures of @entity0 cells and @entity0 mesenchymal @entity0 cells committed to the osteoblast lineage by @entity6 . @entity8 stimulated @entity11 levels within 1 h as determined by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry in @entity0 cells. @entity0 cells stably overexpressing @entity11 exhibited elevated levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , alkaline phosphatase, and b-catenin, whereas @entity11 augmented @entity6 -induced @entity2 levels in mesenchymal cells. @entity11 interacted with @entity2 , @entity9 , and @entity10 in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, we identified a @entity4 -related factor, @entity11 , that is induced by @entity8 and promotes differentiation in @entity0 osteoblastic cells. @entity11 is an important molecule in the pathway downstream of @entity8 and @entity4 signaling in osteoblasts.

title: XXXX -responsive @entity4 -related factor, @entity11 , promotes osteoblast differentiation and interacts with the bone morphogenetic protein- @entity2 pathway.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The mechanisms whereby the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) exerts its anabolic action on bone are incompletely understood. We previously showed that inhibition of @entity7 enhanced @entity4 -induced bone anabolic action in osteoblasts. These findings suggested the hypothesis that changes in gene expression associated with the altered @entity4 -induced signaling brought about by an @entity7 inhibitor would identify novel bone anabolic factors in osteoblasts. We therefore performed a comparative DNA microarray analysis between empty vector-transfected @entity0 osteoblastic @entity0 cells and @entity5 -treated stable @entity4 -overexpressing @entity0 cells. Among the novel factors, @entity11 was selected on the basis of its rapid induction by @entity8 independent of later increases in endogenous @entity1 . The levels of @entity11 increased with time in cultures of @entity0 cells and @entity0 mesenchymal @entity0 cells committed to the osteoblast lineage by @entity6 . @entity8 stimulated @entity11 levels within 1 h as determined by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry in @entity0 cells. @entity0 cells stably overexpressing @entity11 exhibited elevated levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , alkaline phosphatase, and b-catenin, whereas @entity11 augmented @entity6 -induced @entity2 levels in mesenchymal cells. @entity11 interacted with @entity2 , @entity9 , and @entity10 in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, we identified a @entity4 -related factor, @entity11 , that is induced by @entity8 and promotes differentiation in @entity0 osteoblastic cells. @entity11 is an important molecule in the pathway downstream of @entity8 and @entity4 signaling in osteoblasts.

title: @entity8 -responsive XXXX -related factor, @entity11 , promotes osteoblast differentiation and interacts with the bone morphogenetic protein- @entity2 pathway.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The temporal bones from a 58-year-old white @entity0 who had had hereditary @entity4 were examined with the techniques of microdissection and surface preparations followed by sectioning of the modiolus. There was bilateral, almost total @entity3 , which also involved the saccule. The degeneration of the distal processes of the cochlear neurons in the osseous spiral lamina was almost complete, whereas @entity5 cells and proximal processes remained in the modiolus and the internal auditory canal. Severe cochleo-saccular @entity1 was present in the left ear with Reissner's membrane bulging into the horizontal canal. X-ray diffraction and electron probe analysis were used to study the @entity2 in both ears. On the left side the saccular otoconia were composed of calcite, but the utricular macula was covered by a crust of @entity6 spherulites. More @entity6 occurred around the maculae and in the scala media. The cupulae were composed of @entity6 and @entity7 . On the right side the utricular otoconia were of normal calcite, but there was a deposit of @entity6 on the macula sacculi. The upper part of the scala media was completely filled by a deposit of @entity6 and @entity7 .

title: Hereditary deafness with XXXX and anomalous calcium phosphate deposits.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is increasing in prevalence at alarming rates. Concurrent with its expanding prevalence is the increase in the related risk of morbidity and mortality. Because @entity1 @entity0 are prone to @entity2 , treatment strategies should address the cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure, lipids, and body weight, in addition to the glycemic aspects of the disease. Newer agents, such as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) analogs and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) inhibitors, have varying degrees of evidence to support their effects on body weight, blood pressure, and lipid levels, beyond glycated hemoglobin reduction. While @entity7 agonists produce a weight loss, the @entity8 inhibitors, conversely, appear to have a weight-neutral effect. Substantial evidence demonstrates that both medications produce modest @entity5 and, in some cases, diastolic blood pressure, and reduce several markers of cardiovascular risk, including C-reactive protein. Moreover, @entity7 influences endothelial function. The effect of the incretin hormones on serum lipids are either neutral or beneficial, with small, non-significant decreases in LDL @entity3 , increases in HDL @entity3 , and occasionally significant decreases in fasting @entity4 levels. Also, they have positive effects on @entity6 . Although @entity7 agonists and @entity8 inhibitors are at present not appropriate for primary treatment of cardiovascular risks factors, the reduction of these parameters is evidently beneficial.

title: Multifactorial intervention in Type 2 XXXX : the promise of incretin-based therapies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the postoperative outcome of hepatectomy associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and to identify risk factors of clinical value for predicting @entity4 and mortality. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Resection of the portal vein during hepatectomy allows an increase in the number of @entity0 who may benefit from a potentially curative operation that is, however, technically difficult and may increase postoperative morbidity and mortality. Few data are available about risk factors for @entity4 and mortality after such extensive operations. METHODS: Between July 1996 and July 2008, a total of 1348 @entity0 were operated on for @entity2 in our institution. Among them, 55 @entity0 underwent liver resection associated with @entity5 . Medical records of these @entity0 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Overall mortality for this selected group of @entity0 was 7.2%. Irreversible @entity4 was the main cause of @entity1 . Overall morbidity was 58.1%. A total of 94% of the @entity0 (n = 52) underwent a major (>=  3 segments) or an extended > 4 segments) right or left hepatectomy. Univariate analysis showed that male gender (P = 0.004), extended liver resection (P = 0.028), and, particularly, extended right hepatectomy (P = 0.015) were significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity4 . Male gender was the single independent risk factor for @entity4 . Moreover, the presence of @entity3 (P = 0.014), an extended right hepatectomy procedure (P = 0.047), and @entity4 (P = 0.046) were significantly associated with an increased rate of postoperative mortality. CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed that major or extended hepatic resection with @entity5 can be performed with acceptable overall morbidity and mortality rates. Preoperative selection of the @entity0 should take in consideration the gender and the extent of hepatic resection to avoid irreversible @entity4 . Extended right hepatectomy with @entity5 should be carefully considered in @entity0 with @entity3 due to the high risk of postoperative mortality.

title: Risk factors for @entity4 and mortality after hepatectomy associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the postoperative outcome of hepatectomy associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and to identify risk factors of clinical value for predicting @entity4 and mortality. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Resection of the portal vein during hepatectomy allows an increase in the number of @entity0 who may benefit from a potentially curative operation that is, however, technically difficult and may increase postoperative morbidity and mortality. Few data are available about risk factors for @entity4 and mortality after such extensive operations. METHODS: Between July 1996 and July 2008, a total of 1348 @entity0 were operated on for @entity2 in our institution. Among them, 55 @entity0 underwent liver resection associated with @entity5 . Medical records of these @entity0 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Overall mortality for this selected group of @entity0 was 7.2%. Irreversible @entity4 was the main cause of @entity1 . Overall morbidity was 58.1%. A total of 94% of the @entity0 (n = 52) underwent a major (>=  3 segments) or an extended > 4 segments) right or left hepatectomy. Univariate analysis showed that male gender (P = 0.004), extended liver resection (P = 0.028), and, particularly, extended right hepatectomy (P = 0.015) were significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity4 . Male gender was the single independent risk factor for @entity4 . Moreover, the presence of @entity3 (P = 0.014), an extended right hepatectomy procedure (P = 0.047), and @entity4 (P = 0.046) were significantly associated with an increased rate of postoperative mortality. CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed that major or extended hepatic resection with @entity5 can be performed with acceptable overall morbidity and mortality rates. Preoperative selection of the @entity0 should take in consideration the gender and the extent of hepatic resection to avoid irreversible @entity4 . Extended right hepatectomy with @entity5 should be carefully considered in @entity0 with @entity3 due to the high risk of postoperative mortality.

title: Risk factors for XXXX and mortality after hepatectomy associated with @entity5 .

answer: @entity4