abstract: Eight @entity0 , aged 5 to 57 years, with uncontrolled symptomatic @entity2 for 2.5 to 41 years (mean 15) and significant @entity4 in the absence of any other apparent underlying @entity1 underwent evaluation. Incessant @entity2 was present for 0.5 to 6.0 years (mean 2.1) in 7 @entity0 . One @entity0 had an ectopic @entity2 and 7 @entity0 had an accessory atrioventricular pathway that participated in reciprocating @entity2 . Six @entity0 underwent surgery; the ectopic focus was ablated in 1 @entity0 and an accessory pathway was divided in 5 @entity0 . One @entity0 underwent open ablation of the His bundle and 1 @entity0 underwent closed-chest ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system. Myocardial biopsy specimens were obtained from 5 @entity0 , none of which yielded a specific diagnosis. Pretreatment radionuclide angiography demonstrated a mean ejection fraction (EF) of 19 +/- 9% (range 10 to 35%). Following @entity2 control a marked improvement in LV function was noted in 6 of 8 @entity0 at rest and in 1 additional @entity0 during exercise. The EF increased to 33 +/- 17% (range 16 to 56%) an average of 8 days after treatment and to 45 +/- 15% (range 22 to 67%) at late follow-up 3.5 +/- 40 months (mean 17) later (p less than 0.005). Seven @entity0 remain asymptomatic 11 to 40 months (mean 22) after the corrective procedure and have resumed normal activities. These findings suggest that chronic uncontrolled @entity2 may result in significant @entity4 , which is reversible in some cases after control of the @entity3 .

title: XXXX -induced cardiomyopathy: a reversible form of @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: to study the risk factors associated with @entity3 in two busy obstetrics centers in Ouagadougou. this prospective case-control study included 115 @entity0 with preterm deliveries and 230 control @entity0 , or two controls per case, recruited from January through June 2011. The study took place in the maternity and neonatology departments of the University Hospital Center Yalgado-Ou  draogo (UHC-YO) and the Saint-Camille medical center, in the same city. Stillbirths were excluded from the study. Case @entity0 were born at gestational ages ranging from 28 to 37 weeks. during the study period, the @entity3 rate was 6.1%. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression enabled us to identify the factors associated with @entity3 . These factors were: advanced maternal age (>30 years) (OR  =  0.4 [0.2-0.8]), history of intentional abortions (OR  =  3.3 [1.43-7.6], high stress (OR  =  4.03 [2.14-3.39]), too few prenatal care visits (OR  =  4.92 [3.03-8]), fever during pregnancy (OR  =  1.59 [1.01-2.5]), @entity4 (OR  =  3.72 [1.11-4.34]), @entity1 (OR  =  2.55 [1.55-4.19]), and threatened @entity3 (OR  =  3.3 [1.43-7.6]). @entity3 is very frequent at both these Ouagadougou health care facilities. Many factors are associated with @entity2 , including social and demographic as well as clinical characteristics. The effort to reduce the rate of @entity2 , which are associated with neonatal morbidity, must be strengthened by refocusing on prenatal consultations.

title: Factors associated with XXXX in an urban African environment: A case-control study at the University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou and Saint Camille Medical Center.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microvascular decompression (MVD) has been established as an effective treatment for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, replacement of bilateral vertebral arteries (VAs) from the root exit zone (REZ) is difficult and requires special techniques. Since reports of @entity2 cases associated with bilateral VA compression are quite rare, the characteristics of these arteries and methods for safe and definite decompression were investigated. METHODS: Among 131 @entity0 who underwent MVD for @entity2 , 33 @entity0 (25.2%) had associated VA compression. Four @entity0 (3.1%) had bilateral VA compression. Sufficient dissection of the arachnoid membrane allowed good visualization around the REZ, and the dolichoectatic VAs were successfully transposed and fixed to the nearby dura in three cases. RESULTS: The offending arteries were bilateral VAs plus the posterior @entity5 (PICA) in two cases, bilateral VAs plus the anterior @entity5 (AICA)-PICA in one case, and bilateral VAs in one case. In three @entity0 , the contralateral VA of the symptomatic side was more ectatic, dolichoectatic, and tougher than the ipsilateral VA and was difficult to remove. Three @entity0 treated with the transposition method experienced complete resolution of @entity3 immediately after surgery. One @entity0 treated with the interposition method had minimal residual @entity3 . Transient @entity4 developed in one case, and moderate @entity1 developed in another case. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2 caused by bilateral VA compression is rare, replacement of VAs from the REZ is not easy, because such VAs are invariably dolichoectatic and tough. Treatment of such cases requires special techniques.

title: Microvascular decompression for XXXX associated with bilateral vertebral artery compression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 release activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum and enzyme-histochemical properties were investigated in extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.) and soleus muscles in young (4 months and old (24 months) male @entity0 . With age, the @entity2 threshold concentration for @entity1 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of soleus skinned muscle fibres showed only minor modifications. On the other hand, in e.d.l. skinned muscle fibres, the @entity2 threshold concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The histochemical fibre type composition changed with age both in soleus and in e.d.l. muscles, showing a common transformation toward a more oxidative histochemical profile. In fact, in aged soleus, a significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed of type 1 fibres to represent almost the totality of the muscle fibres (more than 98%), while types 2C and 2A were reduced in proportion. In aged e.d.l. the percentage of type 1 (P < 0.05), 2A and 2X (a recently identified fourth component of the fast-twitch muscle types) fibres increased, with a reduction of type 2B (P < 0.01) fibres. The present results suggest that the changes in contractile properties of aged muscles may be related to the changes not only in fibre composition but also in the mechanism of @entity1 release from sarcoplasmic reticulum.

title: Effects of age on sarcoplasmic reticulum properties and histochemical composition of fast- and slow-twitch XXXX muscles.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was proposed that early vascular ageing may be an important mechanism of @entity5 in large conductance arteries. However it is not known whether aging may also affect small resistance artery morphology. DESIGN AND METHOD: For this reason, we investigated 100 @entity0 with essential @entity2 . Secondary forms of @entity2 were excluded according to standard clinical evaluations and biochemical or instrumental assessments. In all @entity0 , an evaluation of small resistance arteries morphology was performed by a wire micromyographic approach (Mulvany's technique). A small amount of subcutaneous tissue was obtained by local biopsy or during election surgery and subcutaneous small resistance arteries were dissected and mounted on a myograph; the media to lumen ratio (M/L) was then measured. RESULTS: The age range of our population was 22-81 years, with a mean value of 57  12 years; 14% of them were current smokers, 32% had alterations in lipid patterns, none of them had @entity1 , 58 were males and average blood pressure values were 156/95  19/12 mmHg.We found a significant correlation between M/L and age (r=0.30, p=0.002): the statistical significance of the correlation persisted after correction for counfounding variables (gender, serum @entity3 , smoking status, serum @entity4 , systolic or diastolic blood pressure values). A statistically significant inverse correlation was also observed between internal diameter and age (r=-0.20, p=0.046), while the correlation between age and media thickness did not reach statistical significance (r=0.09, p=0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that aging may affect microvascular structure in @entity2 @entity0 . It is also possible that @entity2 may anticipate the effects of physiological aging, and this should be explored in a relatively large population of normotensive subjects.

title: 7D.03: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND STRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS IN SUBCUTANEOUS SMALL RESISTANCE ARTERIES IN HYPERTENSIVE XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We investigated the rate of tension development (kappa td) after photolytical release of @entity1 from @entity5 ('caged @entity1 ') of atrial and ventricular fibre bundles from @entity2 . Contraction was initiated from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and low-tension (LT) rigor at maximal @entity0 activation (pCa 4.5). The kappa td of atrial fibre bundles was 6.8 s-1 from LT and 6.9 s-1 from @entity3 rigor. Rate of tension development of ventricular fibre bundles was significantly lower (P < 0.001) being 1.06 s-1 and 0.94 s-1 from LT and @entity3 rigor, respectively. The kappa td of skinned ventricular fibre bundles incubated in a high [K+], low [ @entity0 ] (cardioplegic) solution prior to the skinning procedure decreased significantly (P < 0.05) to 0.73 s-1 and 0.63 s-1 from LT and @entity3 rigor, respectively, whereas that of skinned atrial fibre bundles remained at 7.1 s-1 and 6.9 s-1 from LT and @entity3 rigor, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of the @entity4 light chain 2 isoform in the atrial fibre bundles (ALC-2) was 15.6 +/- 2.7%. The corresponding values for the two ventricular isoforms, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, were 31.2 +/- 0.4% and 25.1 +/- 2.1%, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of fibre bundles incubated in cardioplegic solution prior to skinning were 11.6%, 18.9%, and 15.4% of the ALC-2, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, respectively. The results show that the rate of tension development is more than seven-fold higher in the atrial compared with ventricular fibre bundles. These results correlate with the differences in ATPase activity of the contractile proteins in solution and, most likely, reflect differences in the @entity4 isoform composition. In ventricular fibre bundles the increased levels of light chain phosphorylation were associated with increased rate of contraction.

title: Rate of active tension development from rigor in skinned atrial and ventricular cardiac fibres from @entity2 following photolytic release of XXXX from caged @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We investigated the rate of tension development (kappa td) after photolytical release of @entity1 from @entity5 ('caged @entity1 ') of atrial and ventricular fibre bundles from @entity2 . Contraction was initiated from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and low-tension (LT) rigor at maximal @entity0 activation (pCa 4.5). The kappa td of atrial fibre bundles was 6.8 s-1 from LT and 6.9 s-1 from @entity3 rigor. Rate of tension development of ventricular fibre bundles was significantly lower (P < 0.001) being 1.06 s-1 and 0.94 s-1 from LT and @entity3 rigor, respectively. The kappa td of skinned ventricular fibre bundles incubated in a high [K+], low [ @entity0 ] (cardioplegic) solution prior to the skinning procedure decreased significantly (P < 0.05) to 0.73 s-1 and 0.63 s-1 from LT and @entity3 rigor, respectively, whereas that of skinned atrial fibre bundles remained at 7.1 s-1 and 6.9 s-1 from LT and @entity3 rigor, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of the @entity4 light chain 2 isoform in the atrial fibre bundles (ALC-2) was 15.6 +/- 2.7%. The corresponding values for the two ventricular isoforms, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, were 31.2 +/- 0.4% and 25.1 +/- 2.1%, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of fibre bundles incubated in cardioplegic solution prior to skinning were 11.6%, 18.9%, and 15.4% of the ALC-2, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, respectively. The results show that the rate of tension development is more than seven-fold higher in the atrial compared with ventricular fibre bundles. These results correlate with the differences in ATPase activity of the contractile proteins in solution and, most likely, reflect differences in the @entity4 isoform composition. In ventricular fibre bundles the increased levels of light chain phosphorylation were associated with increased rate of contraction.

title: Rate of active tension development from rigor in skinned atrial and ventricular cardiac fibres from @entity2 following photolytic release of @entity1 from caged XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We investigated the rate of tension development (kappa td) after photolytical release of @entity1 from @entity5 ('caged @entity1 ') of atrial and ventricular fibre bundles from @entity2 . Contraction was initiated from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and low-tension (LT) rigor at maximal @entity0 activation (pCa 4.5). The kappa td of atrial fibre bundles was 6.8 s-1 from LT and 6.9 s-1 from @entity3 rigor. Rate of tension development of ventricular fibre bundles was significantly lower (P < 0.001) being 1.06 s-1 and 0.94 s-1 from LT and @entity3 rigor, respectively. The kappa td of skinned ventricular fibre bundles incubated in a high [K+], low [ @entity0 ] (cardioplegic) solution prior to the skinning procedure decreased significantly (P < 0.05) to 0.73 s-1 and 0.63 s-1 from LT and @entity3 rigor, respectively, whereas that of skinned atrial fibre bundles remained at 7.1 s-1 and 6.9 s-1 from LT and @entity3 rigor, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of the @entity4 light chain 2 isoform in the atrial fibre bundles (ALC-2) was 15.6 +/- 2.7%. The corresponding values for the two ventricular isoforms, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, were 31.2 +/- 0.4% and 25.1 +/- 2.1%, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of fibre bundles incubated in cardioplegic solution prior to skinning were 11.6%, 18.9%, and 15.4% of the ALC-2, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, respectively. The results show that the rate of tension development is more than seven-fold higher in the atrial compared with ventricular fibre bundles. These results correlate with the differences in ATPase activity of the contractile proteins in solution and, most likely, reflect differences in the @entity4 isoform composition. In ventricular fibre bundles the increased levels of light chain phosphorylation were associated with increased rate of contraction.

title: Rate of active tension development from rigor in skinned atrial and ventricular cardiac fibres from XXXX following photolytic release of @entity1 from caged @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Monocytes/macrophages are believed to play roles in @entity3 (VC). Here, we analyzed whether @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) might exert effects by promoting macrophage polarization into an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 )-related VC.(Figure is included in full-text article.) DESIGN AND METHOD:: In this study, 412 @entity1 @entity0 with or without VC were identified by using artery electronic calculators tomography(fig 1). Histological analysis was performed in the samples of aortic blood vessel from calcified vessels. @entity0 peripheral blood @entity7 + monocytes including M1   like @entity6 + and M2   like @entity8 + cells were analysised by flow cytometery. The effects on M1 and M2 macrophages corrlated with cytokines and chemokines were assessed by qPCR. RESULTS: We show that in @entity1 @entity0 ,VC was correlated with higher systolic pressure,the higher incidence and more intima-media thickness of the @entity2 and was associated with arterial stiffness(including higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, aortic systolic pressure, augment pressure, augment index(P<0.05)). Furthermore, The phenotype of M1   like monocyte/macrophages was significantly increasesd in @entity1 @entity0 with VC (P<0.05)(Fig 3). Although both Serum @entity4 and @entity5 levels increased in @entity1 @entity0 with VC, they significantly upregulated anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages marks (P<0.05) and only @entity4 downregulated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages marks. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype of M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages is promoted by VC(fig 2). The ability of @entity4 and @entity5 to promote differentiation of macrophages into an alternative, anti-inflammatory phenotype may explain their protective effects in VC of @entity1 @entity0 . These data provide novel insight into the link between inflammtion and VC diseases.

title: 9A.03: @entity4 AND XXXX ACTIVATE MONOCYTES INTO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES IN THE @entity0 WITH HYPERTENSION-RELATED VASCULAR CALCIFICATION.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Monocytes/macrophages are believed to play roles in @entity3 (VC). Here, we analyzed whether @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) might exert effects by promoting macrophage polarization into an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 )-related VC.(Figure is included in full-text article.) DESIGN AND METHOD:: In this study, 412 @entity1 @entity0 with or without VC were identified by using artery electronic calculators tomography(fig 1). Histological analysis was performed in the samples of aortic blood vessel from calcified vessels. @entity0 peripheral blood @entity7 + monocytes including M1   like @entity6 + and M2   like @entity8 + cells were analysised by flow cytometery. The effects on M1 and M2 macrophages corrlated with cytokines and chemokines were assessed by qPCR. RESULTS: We show that in @entity1 @entity0 ,VC was correlated with higher systolic pressure,the higher incidence and more intima-media thickness of the @entity2 and was associated with arterial stiffness(including higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, aortic systolic pressure, augment pressure, augment index(P<0.05)). Furthermore, The phenotype of M1   like monocyte/macrophages was significantly increasesd in @entity1 @entity0 with VC (P<0.05)(Fig 3). Although both Serum @entity4 and @entity5 levels increased in @entity1 @entity0 with VC, they significantly upregulated anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages marks (P<0.05) and only @entity4 downregulated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages marks. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype of M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages is promoted by VC(fig 2). The ability of @entity4 and @entity5 to promote differentiation of macrophages into an alternative, anti-inflammatory phenotype may explain their protective effects in VC of @entity1 @entity0 . These data provide novel insight into the link between inflammtion and VC diseases.

title: 9A.03: XXXX AND @entity5 ACTIVATE MONOCYTES INTO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES IN THE @entity0 WITH HYPERTENSION-RELATED VASCULAR CALCIFICATION.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Monocytes/macrophages are believed to play roles in @entity3 (VC). Here, we analyzed whether @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) might exert effects by promoting macrophage polarization into an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 )-related VC.(Figure is included in full-text article.) DESIGN AND METHOD:: In this study, 412 @entity1 @entity0 with or without VC were identified by using artery electronic calculators tomography(fig 1). Histological analysis was performed in the samples of aortic blood vessel from calcified vessels. @entity0 peripheral blood @entity7 + monocytes including M1   like @entity6 + and M2   like @entity8 + cells were analysised by flow cytometery. The effects on M1 and M2 macrophages corrlated with cytokines and chemokines were assessed by qPCR. RESULTS: We show that in @entity1 @entity0 ,VC was correlated with higher systolic pressure,the higher incidence and more intima-media thickness of the @entity2 and was associated with arterial stiffness(including higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, aortic systolic pressure, augment pressure, augment index(P<0.05)). Furthermore, The phenotype of M1   like monocyte/macrophages was significantly increasesd in @entity1 @entity0 with VC (P<0.05)(Fig 3). Although both Serum @entity4 and @entity5 levels increased in @entity1 @entity0 with VC, they significantly upregulated anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages marks (P<0.05) and only @entity4 downregulated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages marks. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype of M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages is promoted by VC(fig 2). The ability of @entity4 and @entity5 to promote differentiation of macrophages into an alternative, anti-inflammatory phenotype may explain their protective effects in VC of @entity1 @entity0 . These data provide novel insight into the link between inflammtion and VC diseases.

title: 9A.03: @entity4 AND @entity5 ACTIVATE MONOCYTES INTO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES IN THE XXXX WITH HYPERTENSION-RELATED VASCULAR CALCIFICATION.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary @entity1 responsible for an increased rate of cardiovascular events. According to the Endocrine Society Guidelines, up to 50% of @entity1 @entity0 should be screened for PA, using the @entity4 to @entity3 (or plasma @entity3 activity, PRA) ratio (AARR and ARR, respectively). The automated Diasorin LIAISON   chemiluminescent immunoassay for @entity3 and @entity4 measurement became available and in many laboratories is currently used instead of the classical radioimmunometric PRA and @entity4 assay. Aim of the study was to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy of AARR and ARR as screening test for PA and the two @entity4 assays also during confirmatory test in @entity0 with a positive screening test. DESIGN AND METHOD: One hundred @entity0 were screened for PA and 44 @entity0 underwent confirmatory test (either by intravenous saline load or by @entity5 challenge test). We considered as cut off for the AARR 2.7(ng/dL/mU/L) and for the ARR 30(ng/dL/ng/mL/h). All @entity0 positive to one of the two screening test underwent confirmatory test; @entity0 with positive confirmatory test underwent subtype diagnosis by CT scanning and adrenal vein sampling. RESULTS: Seventy three @entity0 were diagnosed as essential @entity1 , 22 had @entity2 and 5 had an @entity4 producing adenomas (APA). The AARR displayed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 100%, whereas the ARR had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 90%. Of the 6/27 PA @entity0 missed by AARR, none resulted to be affected by APA. All PA @entity0 were correctly diagnosed by chemiluminescence at confirmatory test. In the overall sample of 181 measurements available both the correlation for the PRA with @entity3 and for @entity4 in chemiluminescence and radioimmunoassay were highly significant (Rho=0.66, p<0.0001 and Rho=0.80, p<0.0001, respectively). On ROC curves, the AUC for AARR was 0.905 (95% CI 0.821-0.988) and for ARR 0.947 (95% CI 0.903-0.991) and they were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: The automated @entity4 and @entity3 chemiluminescent assay is a reliable alternative to the well-established radioimmunometric method, especially for the detection of APA.

title: 9B.06: COMPARISON BETWEEN @entity4 AND XXXX MEASUREMENT BY CHEMILUMINESCENT IMMUNOASSAY AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary @entity1 responsible for an increased rate of cardiovascular events. According to the Endocrine Society Guidelines, up to 50% of @entity1 @entity0 should be screened for PA, using the @entity4 to @entity3 (or plasma @entity3 activity, PRA) ratio (AARR and ARR, respectively). The automated Diasorin LIAISON   chemiluminescent immunoassay for @entity3 and @entity4 measurement became available and in many laboratories is currently used instead of the classical radioimmunometric PRA and @entity4 assay. Aim of the study was to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy of AARR and ARR as screening test for PA and the two @entity4 assays also during confirmatory test in @entity0 with a positive screening test. DESIGN AND METHOD: One hundred @entity0 were screened for PA and 44 @entity0 underwent confirmatory test (either by intravenous saline load or by @entity5 challenge test). We considered as cut off for the AARR 2.7(ng/dL/mU/L) and for the ARR 30(ng/dL/ng/mL/h). All @entity0 positive to one of the two screening test underwent confirmatory test; @entity0 with positive confirmatory test underwent subtype diagnosis by CT scanning and adrenal vein sampling. RESULTS: Seventy three @entity0 were diagnosed as essential @entity1 , 22 had @entity2 and 5 had an @entity4 producing adenomas (APA). The AARR displayed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 100%, whereas the ARR had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 90%. Of the 6/27 PA @entity0 missed by AARR, none resulted to be affected by APA. All PA @entity0 were correctly diagnosed by chemiluminescence at confirmatory test. In the overall sample of 181 measurements available both the correlation for the PRA with @entity3 and for @entity4 in chemiluminescence and radioimmunoassay were highly significant (Rho=0.66, p<0.0001 and Rho=0.80, p<0.0001, respectively). On ROC curves, the AUC for AARR was 0.905 (95% CI 0.821-0.988) and for ARR 0.947 (95% CI 0.903-0.991) and they were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: The automated @entity4 and @entity3 chemiluminescent assay is a reliable alternative to the well-established radioimmunometric method, especially for the detection of APA.

title: 9B.06: COMPARISON BETWEEN XXXX AND @entity3 MEASUREMENT BY CHEMILUMINESCENT IMMUNOASSAY AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: White coat @entity2 is a pre- @entity2 state that has been associated with increased sympathetic drive. The objective of the study was to compare the exposure of the kidney to sympathetic nerve activity using urinary @entity6 (UNMN) as a marker of renal sympathetic exposure in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and healthy normotensive (HN) @entity0 . DESIGN AND METHOD: This was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. @entity7 were included if office blood pressure was >140/80 mmHg and ambulatory blood pressure <135/85 mmHg and HN if @entity8 was <140/90 mmHg and ABP <135/85 mmHg @entity0 were randomized to receive either 16mg of @entity5 or a matched placebo for one week before study day. On the study day systemic and renal hemodynamics as well as plasma @entity4 and urinary excretion of @entity6 (measured by LC/ @entity1 - @entity1 were measured after one hour of baseline, one hour of lower body negative pressure and one hour of recovery period. Excretion of UNMN was expressed as the total of UNMN excreted during these three hours (cumUNMN). Paired or unpaired t-test were used for comparison. RESULTS: 25 HN and 12 @entity7 @entity0 were included in the study. Mean age (  standard deviation), BMI were respectively 31.0  10.5 years and 22.0  2.2Kg/m2 in HN and 40.7  17.8 years and 26.7  6.3Kg/m2 in @entity7 .Table 1 Baseline mean blood pressure, plasma @entity4 and cumulated UNMN during placebo and @entity5 (Figure is included in full-text article.)Mean blood pressure was higher during placebo and @entity5 in @entity7 compared to HN. Cumulated UNMN was higher in both groups after @entity5 treatment. Cumulated UNMN was higher in @entity7 than in HN only after @entity5 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary excretion of @entity6 is increased in @entity7 compared to HN when treated with @entity5 . The increased excretion of uNMN when the @entity3 angiotensin system is blocked might reflect an increased sensitivity of @entity7 to stress conditions such as orthostatic stress.

title: 9C.09: TREATMENT WITH XXXX UNMASKS HIGHER URINARY NOREPINEPHRINE EXCRETION IN WHITE COAT HYPERTENSIVE @entity0 COMPARED TO HEALTHY NORMOTENSIVE @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: White coat @entity2 is a pre- @entity2 state that has been associated with increased sympathetic drive. The objective of the study was to compare the exposure of the kidney to sympathetic nerve activity using urinary @entity6 (UNMN) as a marker of renal sympathetic exposure in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and healthy normotensive (HN) @entity0 . DESIGN AND METHOD: This was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. @entity7 were included if office blood pressure was >140/80 mmHg and ambulatory blood pressure <135/85 mmHg and HN if @entity8 was <140/90 mmHg and ABP <135/85 mmHg @entity0 were randomized to receive either 16mg of @entity5 or a matched placebo for one week before study day. On the study day systemic and renal hemodynamics as well as plasma @entity4 and urinary excretion of @entity6 (measured by LC/ @entity1 - @entity1 were measured after one hour of baseline, one hour of lower body negative pressure and one hour of recovery period. Excretion of UNMN was expressed as the total of UNMN excreted during these three hours (cumUNMN). Paired or unpaired t-test were used for comparison. RESULTS: 25 HN and 12 @entity7 @entity0 were included in the study. Mean age (  standard deviation), BMI were respectively 31.0  10.5 years and 22.0  2.2Kg/m2 in HN and 40.7  17.8 years and 26.7  6.3Kg/m2 in @entity7 .Table 1 Baseline mean blood pressure, plasma @entity4 and cumulated UNMN during placebo and @entity5 (Figure is included in full-text article.)Mean blood pressure was higher during placebo and @entity5 in @entity7 compared to HN. Cumulated UNMN was higher in both groups after @entity5 treatment. Cumulated UNMN was higher in @entity7 than in HN only after @entity5 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary excretion of @entity6 is increased in @entity7 compared to HN when treated with @entity5 . The increased excretion of uNMN when the @entity3 angiotensin system is blocked might reflect an increased sensitivity of @entity7 to stress conditions such as orthostatic stress.

title: 9C.09: TREATMENT WITH @entity5 UNMASKS HIGHER URINARY NOREPINEPHRINE EXCRETION IN WHITE COAT HYPERTENSIVE XXXX COMPARED TO HEALTHY NORMOTENSIVE @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: White coat @entity2 is a pre- @entity2 state that has been associated with increased sympathetic drive. The objective of the study was to compare the exposure of the kidney to sympathetic nerve activity using urinary @entity6 (UNMN) as a marker of renal sympathetic exposure in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and healthy normotensive (HN) @entity0 . DESIGN AND METHOD: This was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. @entity7 were included if office blood pressure was >140/80 mmHg and ambulatory blood pressure <135/85 mmHg and HN if @entity8 was <140/90 mmHg and ABP <135/85 mmHg @entity0 were randomized to receive either 16mg of @entity5 or a matched placebo for one week before study day. On the study day systemic and renal hemodynamics as well as plasma @entity4 and urinary excretion of @entity6 (measured by LC/ @entity1 - @entity1 were measured after one hour of baseline, one hour of lower body negative pressure and one hour of recovery period. Excretion of UNMN was expressed as the total of UNMN excreted during these three hours (cumUNMN). Paired or unpaired t-test were used for comparison. RESULTS: 25 HN and 12 @entity7 @entity0 were included in the study. Mean age (  standard deviation), BMI were respectively 31.0  10.5 years and 22.0  2.2Kg/m2 in HN and 40.7  17.8 years and 26.7  6.3Kg/m2 in @entity7 .Table 1 Baseline mean blood pressure, plasma @entity4 and cumulated UNMN during placebo and @entity5 (Figure is included in full-text article.)Mean blood pressure was higher during placebo and @entity5 in @entity7 compared to HN. Cumulated UNMN was higher in both groups after @entity5 treatment. Cumulated UNMN was higher in @entity7 than in HN only after @entity5 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary excretion of @entity6 is increased in @entity7 compared to HN when treated with @entity5 . The increased excretion of uNMN when the @entity3 angiotensin system is blocked might reflect an increased sensitivity of @entity7 to stress conditions such as orthostatic stress.

title: 9C.09: TREATMENT WITH @entity5 UNMASKS HIGHER URINARY NOREPINEPHRINE EXCRETION IN WHITE COAT HYPERTENSIVE @entity0 COMPARED TO HEALTHY NORMOTENSIVE XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 guidelines propose home ( @entity5 ) or ambulatory ( @entity4 ) blood pressure monitoring as indispensable after office measurement ( @entity6 ). However, whether preference should be given to @entity5 or @entity4 remains undetermined. DESIGN AND METHOD: We recruited 831 consecutive @entity0 (mean age, 50.6 years; 49.8% @entity0 ) referred for @entity4 monitoring to our clinic, if they had never taken (   90%) or had discontinued antihypertensive medication for at least 2 weeks (   10%). SpaceLabs 90217 monitors were programed to obtain 24-h @entity4 recordings. @entity6 was measured at three visits at 1 week intervals using the Omron HEM-7051 device. @entity0 were requested to measure their @entity5 three times in the morning and three times in the evening at 1 minute intervals during 7 consecutive days. We applied @entity1 guidelines for cross-classification of @entity0 based on @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity4 into normotension (NT) or white-coat (WCH), masked ( @entity3 ) or sustained (SH) @entity1 . Aortic pulse wave velocity was measured by the SphygmoCor system and a first-morning urine sample was collected for the measurement of urinary albumin-to- @entity2 ratio. RESULTS: Based on @entity6 and @entity5 , the prevalence of NT, WCH, @entity3 and SH was 442 (53.2%), 61 (10.3%), 166 (20.0%) and 162 (19.5%), respectively. Using daytime @entity4 (30 readings from 8 AM to 6 PM) instead of @entity5 , confirmed the cross-classification based on @entity6 and @entity5 in 575 @entity0 (69.2%), downgraded risk from @entity3 to NT (n=24) or from SH to WCH (n=9) in 33 (4.0%), but upgraded risk from NT to @entity3 (n=179) or from WCH to SH (n=44) in 223 (26.8%). Analyses based on 24h @entity4 were confirmatory. In adjusted analyses, both the urinary albumin-to- @entity2 ratio (+20.6%; CI, 4.4-39.3) and aortic pulse wave velocity (+0.30m/s; CI, 0.09-0.51) were higher in @entity0 who moved up to a higher risk category. Both indexes of target organ damage were positively associated (P<0.008) with the odds of being reclassified. CONCLUSIONS: For reliably diagnosing @entity1 and starting treatment, @entity6 should be followed by @entity4 monitoring. Using @entity5 instead of @entity4 misses the high-risk diagnoses of @entity3 or SH in over 25% of @entity0 .

title: 3C.09: STRATEGIES FOR CLASSIFYING XXXX BASED ON OFFICE, HOME AND AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent observational studies have shown varied association between antihypertensive drugs and @entity6 with either @entity2 risk or prognosis. We studied the time to incident @entity2 in two large @entity1 cohorts in relation to four antihypertensive drugs and @entity6 . DESIGN AND METHOD: We studied a hospital admission based cohort of 525,046 @entity1 admitted at least once to the Western Infirmary and Gartnavel hospitals between 1980 and March 2013. @entity1 were classified into 6 mutually exclusive groups based on monotherapy with either ACEI/ARB( @entity5 ), beta-blockers(BB), @entity3 antagonist(CCB), @entity7 , @entity6 and a control group without exposure to these drugs. All control subjects were included if they were not on the any of the above drugs and were aged 60-80 years at 1/4/2004. The inclusion criteria for the drug groups included new prescription of the drug after 1/4/2004, no previous prescription of any of the study drug, at least 90 days of prescription, discontinuation of the drug no later than 1 year before onset of @entity2 . Each of the 4 antihypertensive drug groups were mutually exclusive for any prescription for the other drugs while the @entity6 group included all subjects exposed to @entity6 . Age and sex adjusted time to first @entity2 diagnosis and time to death from @entity2 diagnosis were performed. RESULTS: 34,634 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria and of them 6,153 had a new diagnosis of @entity2 after 1/4/2004. During 8-year period follow-up 6,557 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2 in the hospital cohort (2,313 gastrointestinal, 2,439 lung, 464 prostate, 321 @entity0 ). The results of the multivariate adjusted @entity4 model for incident @entity2 are presented in Figure 1.(Figure is included in full-text article.) CONCLUSIONS:: Exposure to @entity6 or beta-blocker therapy appears to be protective against incident @entity2 while CCB increased risk. Thiazides are associated with @entity2 . CCB use at diagnosis of @entity0 improved survival.

title: LB01.03: INCIDENCE AND PROGNOSIS OF CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH XXXX AND COMMON ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The immune defense mechanisms of mucosal surfaces involve secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies and, to a lesser degree, other specific and nonspecific immune factors. These antibodies are dependent on a secretory component (SC) for their transmission through the epithelium. This SC is also secreted without Ig as @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The kidney does produce these proteins; however, the ability of the lower urinary tract to secrete them has not been shown. Thus, an @entity2 should produce more urinary sIg and possibly more @entity6 than a lower tract @entity1 . To demonstrate this, urine was obtained from normal controls (N = 33), @entity4 @entity0 (N = 22), and @entity5 @entity0 (N = 27). Monoclonal antibodies binding to specific conformational epitopes were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the levels of sIgA and @entity6 in these groups. Previous sIgA measurements have been hampered by lack of specificity of the capture antibody. Urine @entity3 was obtained to correct for the effect of diuresis. A one-tailed Student's t-test for nonparametric populations was performed to assess differences. The sIgA levels in the normal and @entity4 groups were equivalent (1.4 micrograms/mg/mL and 1.3 micrograms/mg/mL, respectively; P = 0.32). When these two groups were compared with the @entity5 group (24.1 micrograms/mg/mL), a statistically significant difference was seen (P = 0.012 and P = 0.011, respectively), with no overlap. There was a statistical difference in the levels of @entity6 in these same groups, but a large degree of overlap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Urinary secretory immunoglobulin A and free secretory component in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine the influence of single intra-articular or intra muscular injections of @entity5 on the @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity2 who had never been treated with systemic glucocorticoids and had not received local injections of these agents for the preceding 2 months, were given 40 mg of @entity5 . Group I (11 @entity0 ) received one intra-articular injection into the knee, and Group II (10 @entity0 ) received the same dose intramuscularly. RESULTS: In Group I, serum @entity3 levels were significantly decreased 24 hours after injection (228.2 +/- 8.7 nmol/L versus 193 +/- 16.3 nmol/L; P < 0.05). Serum @entity3 levels were decreased in 9 of the 11 @entity0 , by an average of 21.5%. Two @entity0 ' levels were below 138 nmol/L, which is considered to be the lower limit of normal range. Serum @entity3 levels were below normal range in 3 @entity0 72 hours after intra-articular @entity1 injection. In Group II, serum @entity3 levels were significantly decreased at 72 hours after injection (239.6 +/- 10.3 nmol/L versus 175.6 +/- 21.4 nmol/L; P < 0.01). Three @entity0 ' levels were below normal. By 72 hours postinjection, serum @entity3 concentrations in 9 of 10 @entity0 were decreased by an average of 31% compared to preinjection values. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that decreased adrenocortical secretion, as reflected in depressed @entity3 levels, can result from a single, low-dose, intra-articular or intramuscular injection of depot corticosteroids.

title: Reduction of @entity3 levels after single intra-articular and intramuscular XXXX injection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine the influence of single intra-articular or intra muscular injections of @entity5 on the @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity2 who had never been treated with systemic glucocorticoids and had not received local injections of these agents for the preceding 2 months, were given 40 mg of @entity5 . Group I (11 @entity0 ) received one intra-articular injection into the knee, and Group II (10 @entity0 ) received the same dose intramuscularly. RESULTS: In Group I, serum @entity3 levels were significantly decreased 24 hours after injection (228.2 +/- 8.7 nmol/L versus 193 +/- 16.3 nmol/L; P < 0.05). Serum @entity3 levels were decreased in 9 of the 11 @entity0 , by an average of 21.5%. Two @entity0 ' levels were below 138 nmol/L, which is considered to be the lower limit of normal range. Serum @entity3 levels were below normal range in 3 @entity0 72 hours after intra-articular @entity1 injection. In Group II, serum @entity3 levels were significantly decreased at 72 hours after injection (239.6 +/- 10.3 nmol/L versus 175.6 +/- 21.4 nmol/L; P < 0.01). Three @entity0 ' levels were below normal. By 72 hours postinjection, serum @entity3 concentrations in 9 of 10 @entity0 were decreased by an average of 31% compared to preinjection values. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that decreased adrenocortical secretion, as reflected in depressed @entity3 levels, can result from a single, low-dose, intra-articular or intramuscular injection of depot corticosteroids.

title: Reduction of XXXX levels after single intra-articular and intramuscular @entity1 injection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In prenatal diagnosis of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, without @entity1 or multiple associated @entity0 , we study the presence of @entity3 and its association with thymic dysgenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective observational study. It was performed in two multidisciplinary centers for prenatal diagnosis in the south of France between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2013. Inclusion criteria were prenatal diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. We excluded from the study any fetus with @entity1 or multiple associated @entity0 . RESULTS: During the inclusion period, eleven antenatal diagnoses of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome have been made. Six cases were excluded: 5  fetuses with @entity1 and one with multiple associated @entity0 . Therefore, five cases of isolated @entity3 were included. All 5  fetuses had a thymic dysgenesis: 3 had a thymic agenesis and 1  thymic @entity2 diagnosed by sonography and 1 had a thymic agenesis diagnosed by retrospective reading of fetal MRI. CONCLUSION: When faced with a @entity3 , the presence of a thymic dysgenesis should be search for by ultrasound screening and would alert to the possibility of a 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. The confirmation of this is diagnosis by amniocentesis would enable improved antenatal support for parents and would enable early implementation of the multidisciplinary neonatal care that is required to avoid serious complications of this syndrome.

title: [Absent or hypoplastic thymus: A marker for 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome in case of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between @entity1 and cognitive functioning at baseline and @entity2 over time in a large, ethnically diverse sample of older adults. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project, a community-based, prospective study of risk factors for @entity3 in northern Manhattan, New York City. @entity0 : Hispanic, @entity5 , and non-Hispanic white @entity0 and @entity0 aged 65 and older without @entity3 at baseline (N  =  1,493). MEASUREMENTS: @entity0 underwent baseline and follow-up cognitive and health assessments approximately every 18  months. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the longitudinal association between @entity1 and cognition. RESULTS: @entity1 was associated with poorer baseline cognitive performance in memory, language, processing speed and executive functioning, and visuospatial abilities. After adjusting for age, education, sex, race and ethnicity, and @entity4 , @entity0 with @entity1 performed significantly worse at baseline than those without in language and visuospatial abilities. There were no differences between those with and without @entity1 in terms of rate of @entity2 over a mean follow-up time of 6  years. CONCLUSION: The rate of @entity2 in elderly @entity0 with and without @entity1 is similar, although cognitive performance is poorer in @entity0 with @entity1 . These findings suggest that cognitive changes may occur early during the @entity1 process and highlight the need for studies to follow @entity0 beginning at least in midlife, before the typical later-life onset of @entity3 .

title: Relationship Between XXXX and @entity2 in a Multiethnic Elderly Cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between @entity1 and cognitive functioning at baseline and @entity2 over time in a large, ethnically diverse sample of older adults. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project, a community-based, prospective study of risk factors for @entity3 in northern Manhattan, New York City. @entity0 : Hispanic, @entity5 , and non-Hispanic white @entity0 and @entity0 aged 65 and older without @entity3 at baseline (N  =  1,493). MEASUREMENTS: @entity0 underwent baseline and follow-up cognitive and health assessments approximately every 18  months. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the longitudinal association between @entity1 and cognition. RESULTS: @entity1 was associated with poorer baseline cognitive performance in memory, language, processing speed and executive functioning, and visuospatial abilities. After adjusting for age, education, sex, race and ethnicity, and @entity4 , @entity0 with @entity1 performed significantly worse at baseline than those without in language and visuospatial abilities. There were no differences between those with and without @entity1 in terms of rate of @entity2 over a mean follow-up time of 6  years. CONCLUSION: The rate of @entity2 in elderly @entity0 with and without @entity1 is similar, although cognitive performance is poorer in @entity0 with @entity1 . These findings suggest that cognitive changes may occur early during the @entity1 process and highlight the need for studies to follow @entity0 beginning at least in midlife, before the typical later-life onset of @entity3 .

title: Relationship Between @entity1 and XXXX in a Multiethnic Elderly Cohort.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Blood @entity4 and serum @entity3 levels are important factors in deciding when to start dialysis. Recently, in the assessment of dialysis adequacy, emphasis has shifted from reliance on these parameters to use of kinetic methods. We therefore applied @entity4 kinetic modelling (UKM) to 63 consecutive @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 at the time dialysis commenced and compared the results to those obtained after 6 months of dialysis treatment. Mean normalised @entity4 clearance (daily KT/V) at the commencement of dialysis (KTi/V) was 0.15 +/- 0.05, a level indicative of underdialysis in regularly dialysed @entity0 . After 6 months, mean daily KT/V was 0.35 +/- 0.12 in @entity0 subsequently established on CAPD, and 0.49 +/- 0.08 in those subsequently haemodialysed (both p < 0.001 compared to mean KTi/V). Serum @entity3 levels on commencing dialysis were similar to those after 6 months treatment by either mode. Mean age (p < 0.01) and co-morbidity index (p < 0.05) were higher, and mean KTi/V lower (p < 0.05) in the 6 @entity0 who died during a mean follow-up period of 10 +/- 4.5 months than in survivors. Hospitalisation rates during follow-up (excluding admissions for access surgery and training) correlated with age (r = 0.332, p < 0.01), co-morbidity index (r = 0.351, p < 0.01) and KTi/V (r = -0.302, p < 0.05). Blood @entity4 and serum @entity3 levels on commencing dialysis were the same in those who died and in survivors and did not correlate with hospitalisation rates. @entity1 started dialysis with a similar mean KTi/V to non-diabetics but with a lower mean serum @entity3 (p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX kinetics and when to commence dialysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fibronectin is a plasma opsonin which is depleted after @entity1 or surgery. The effect of major aortic surgery on plasma fibronectin has been studied in @entity0 and in an equivalent experimental model in @entity3 . On the day after aortic surgery in eleven @entity0 mean fibronectin (+/- s.e.m.) had fallen from 363 +/- 11 mg/l pre-operatively to 179 +/- 19 mg/l (P less than 0.01). No such fall was observed in @entity0 undergoing herniorrhaphy. In fourteen @entity3 aortic surgery produced reproducible @entity4 and a fall in plasma fibronectin from 331 +/- 10 mg/l to 43 +/- 13 mg/l after resuscitation (P less than 0.01). Whenever plasma fibronectin fell below 190 mg/l the circulating free fibronectin was consumed in complexes of 1000 kDa containing collagenous debris. More severe depletion of plasma fibronectin was related to higher concentrations of circulating nonopsonized collagenous debris and to subsequent mortality in @entity3 . The depletion of free fibronectin that occurs following major surgery may produce clinically important @entity2 . The clinical relevance of this fibronectin consumption may be missed if measurement is limited to circulating fibronectin levels without determining that proportion bound in complexes and no longer available as an opsonin.

title: XXXX secondary to plasma fibronectin depletion after aortic surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The clinical tests currently in use for obstructive @entity1 (such as renal ultrasonography, differential radionuclide renal scans and urinary @entity3 concentration data) are not efficient predictors of the subsequent clinical course. Novel and simple biomarkers are required which, if proven, could be clinically beneficial in determining if a @entity0 is eligible for surgery or reno-protective therapy. More recently, the interest of clinicians has focused on the potential of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), urinary @entity1 molecule-1 (uKIM-1) and urinary liver-type @entity2 -binding proteins (uL-FABP) as biomarkers for renal function in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate possible clinical applications of uNGAL, uKIM-1 and uL-FABP as beneficial non-invasive biomarkers to determine whether or not surgical intervention is required in @entity0 with @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: Renal ultrasonography and radionuclide renal scans were used as diagnostic tools to detect @entity4 . @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the antero-posterior diameter of their renal pelvis and the presence of dysfunction. Group 1 included 26 @entity0 with severe @entity4 (with dysfunction), and group 2 consisted of 36 @entity0 with mild @entity4 (without dysfunction). Urine samples were collected from 62 @entity0 with @entity4 and 20 healthy @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity4 was more common in males than in females, with a male to female ratio of 9:1 in the study sample. The incidence of left kidney involvement (32 @entity0 ) was slightly higher than right kidney involvement (28 @entity0 ). Compared with controls and group 2, the ratio of uNGAL to @entity3 was significantly higher in group 1 (p  <  0.05). The biomarker uNGAL/ @entity5 exhibited fairly good diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.68 [95% confidence interval 0.6-0.7] and an optimal cut-off value of 0.16  ng/mg @entity5 (sensitivity 58%, specificity 75%) (p  <  0.05). There was a positive correlation between the uNGAL/ @entity5 ratio and the uKIM-1/ @entity5 ratio (r  =  0.582, p  <  0.05) and uL-FABP/ @entity5 ratio (r  =  0675, p  <  0.05) in group 1. DISCUSSION: The results clearly demonstrated that @entity0 with @entity4 and dysfunction had significantly increased uNGAL, and uNGAL/ @entity5 concentrations. However, uKIM-1, uKIM-1/ @entity5 , uL-FABP and uL-FABP/ @entity5 concentrations were not significantly different when compared with controls. These results support the use of uNGAL concentrations as an early marker for @entity1 in @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: The study clearly demonstrated that pediatric @entity0 with @entity4 and dysfunction had significantly higher uNGAL to @entity3 concentrations as compared with controls.

title: Urinary NGAL, KIM-1 and L-FABP concentrations in antenatal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Autologous transplants are often used in repair of @entity4 . Quantitative evaluation of the results of such a transplant is obviously desirable. In previous study, we determined numerical and cytologic parameters of the regeneration that followed transection of @entity1 sciatic nerve, but no transplant was used. This work now serves as a basis for evaluating the use of an autologous transplant in the same transection paradigm. Our procedure is to remove 8 mm of sciatic nerve in the thigh. The removed segment is then put into the center of a @entity3 tube and the proximal and distal stumps of the severed nerve are placed into the ends of the tube. The data show: (1) a high percentage of successful regenerations; (2) a relatively large nerve in the gap; (3) a typical outer perineurium underlying the epineurium; (4) a well-developed @entity2 perineurium; and (5) approximately equal numbers of @entity0 . If a transplant is not used there are: (1) a greater number of failures of regeneration; (2) a smaller nerve in the gap; (3) a less well-developed @entity2 perineurium; (4) unequal numbers of axons in the gap as compared to the distal stump; and (5) no outer perineurium forms. The presence of a typical outer perineurium after a transplant and its absence if a transplant is not used is probably the most striking cytologic difference between the two paradigms. The equal numbers of axons in the gap and distal stump following regeneration after transplantation presumably indicate that all axons in the gap enter the distal stump without branching or ending blindly, a situation that is presumably beneficial and contrasts with the findings when a transplant is not used. Both paradigms show a remarkable increase in the density of blood vessels in the regenerated nerve in the gap between the two stumps. These findings will serve as a basis for further studies on the mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration.

title: The effects of an autologous transplant on patterns of regeneration in XXXX sciatic nerve.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Local activated macrophages derived from infiltrating monocytes play an important role in the damage and repair process of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The present study investigates the dynamic change of classically activated proinflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated anti-inflammatory (M2) cells in a @entity0 model with contusive @entity1 by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry. The macrophage subsets were immunophenotyped by using antibodies against cluster of differentiation (CD)-68, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity5 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The @entity2 (+) @entity5 (-) and @entity2 (+) @entity3 (+) cells were determined to be M1 subsets, whereas the @entity2 (+) @entity5 (+) and @entity2 (+) @entity4 (+) cell subpopulations represented M2 cells. The subsets of macrophages in the injured spinal cord at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days postinjury (dpi) were examined. In the sham-opened spinal cord, few M1 or M2 cells were found. After @entity1 , the phenotypes of both M1 and M2 cells were rapidly induced. However, M1 cells were detected and maintained at a high level for up to 28 dpi (the longest time evaluated in this study). In contrast, M2 cells were transiently detected at high levels before 7 dpi and returned to preinjury levels at 14 dpi. These results indicate that M1 cell response is rapidly induced and sustained, whereas M2 induction is transient after @entity1 in @entity0 . Increasing the fraction of M2 cells and prolonging their residence time in the injured local microenvironment is a promising strategy for the repair of @entity1 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Temporal kinetics of macrophage polarization in the injured XXXX spinal cord.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several sonographic findings were analyzed to determine their significance in distinguishing @entity4 from benign conditions of the gallbladder. The analyzed findings were @entity7 number and size; floating stones; displaced stones; wall thickening, irregularity, and echogenicity; mucosal plaque; intraluminal mass; gallbladder-replacing mass; invasive gallbladder mass; @entity3 ; @entity3 ; and submucosal or transmural echolucency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sonograms of 20 @entity0 with unsuspected, pathologically proven @entity2 and 65 @entity0 with @entity3 (predominantly acute or chronic @entity5 ) were retrospectively assessed by two observers who were unaware of experimental conditions. Gallstone number and size were assessed, and the presence of floating stone (neither settling nor wall-adherent), displaced stone (lifted from the gallbladder wall by mass or focal wall thickening), wall irregularity, mucosal plaque, intracystic mass, and gallbladder-replacing or invasive mass was evaluated. The echogenicity pattern of the gallbladder wall was characterized, and its thickness was measured and classified as normal/mildly thickened (< 7 mm) or moderately/severely thickened (> or = 7 mm). In addition, the gallbladder wall was evaluated for discontinuous mucosal echo, @entity6 , submucosal or mural echolucency, and pericholecystic fluid collection. Sonographic findings were compared by the Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric variables and by Student's t test for continuous variables. RESULTS: Solitary @entity7 , displaced stone, intraluminal mass, gallbladder-replacing or invasive mass, and discontinuity of the mucosal echo were all statistically significantly more common in @entity0 with @entity4 (.001 < p < .05). Mucosal plaque and wall irregularity were nonspecific findings. Gallbladder wall thickening by itself was nonspecific, although associated echolayering, transmural or submucosal @entity1 , or a distinctly specular mucosal lining favored benign etiologies. CONCLUSION: Several sonographic findings were significantly more common in @entity0 with @entity4 compared with @entity0 with @entity3 . Assessment of these signs may be helpful in distinguishing @entity4 from benign conditions of the gallbladder.

title: Sonographic diagnosis of unsuspected @entity4 : imaging findings in comparison with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several sonographic findings were analyzed to determine their significance in distinguishing @entity4 from benign conditions of the gallbladder. The analyzed findings were @entity7 number and size; floating stones; displaced stones; wall thickening, irregularity, and echogenicity; mucosal plaque; intraluminal mass; gallbladder-replacing mass; invasive gallbladder mass; @entity3 ; @entity3 ; and submucosal or transmural echolucency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sonograms of 20 @entity0 with unsuspected, pathologically proven @entity2 and 65 @entity0 with @entity3 (predominantly acute or chronic @entity5 ) were retrospectively assessed by two observers who were unaware of experimental conditions. Gallstone number and size were assessed, and the presence of floating stone (neither settling nor wall-adherent), displaced stone (lifted from the gallbladder wall by mass or focal wall thickening), wall irregularity, mucosal plaque, intracystic mass, and gallbladder-replacing or invasive mass was evaluated. The echogenicity pattern of the gallbladder wall was characterized, and its thickness was measured and classified as normal/mildly thickened (< 7 mm) or moderately/severely thickened (> or = 7 mm). In addition, the gallbladder wall was evaluated for discontinuous mucosal echo, @entity6 , submucosal or mural echolucency, and pericholecystic fluid collection. Sonographic findings were compared by the Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric variables and by Student's t test for continuous variables. RESULTS: Solitary @entity7 , displaced stone, intraluminal mass, gallbladder-replacing or invasive mass, and discontinuity of the mucosal echo were all statistically significantly more common in @entity0 with @entity4 (.001 < p < .05). Mucosal plaque and wall irregularity were nonspecific findings. Gallbladder wall thickening by itself was nonspecific, although associated echolayering, transmural or submucosal @entity1 , or a distinctly specular mucosal lining favored benign etiologies. CONCLUSION: Several sonographic findings were significantly more common in @entity0 with @entity4 compared with @entity0 with @entity3 . Assessment of these signs may be helpful in distinguishing @entity4 from benign conditions of the gallbladder.

title: Sonographic diagnosis of unsuspected XXXX : imaging findings in comparison with @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Phenotypic heterogeneity in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) makes definitive diagnosis difficult, particularly during family screening. We studied the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a potential initial screening test in @entity0 with @entity1 . Using accepted diagnostic criteria, we examined the ECGs and echocardiograms of 159 @entity0 with a confirmed clinical or genetic diagnosis of @entity1 . An abnormal ECG was found in 154 @entity0 (97%) while only 146 (92%) showed an abnormal echocardiogram. Of the former, 9 @entity0 (6%) had normal echocardiograms and had been diagnosed on the basis of identification of a mutation in the beta myosin heavy chain gene (n = 8) or obligate carrier status (n = 1). Only 1 of these 9 @entity0 was under age 20, the time at which @entity2 is normally expressed on the echocardiogram. The remaining 5 @entity0 (3%) without ECG abnormality consisted of 1 @entity0 with an echocardiogram clearly diagnostic of @entity1 and 4 clinically normal @entity0 (aged 13, 24, 29, and 33 years) with normal echocardiograms who had been diagnosed by mutation identification (n = 3) or obligate carrier status (n = 1). Thus only these latter 4 @entity0 (3%) would not have been diagnosed as having @entity1 based on an abnormal ECG and/or abnormal echocardiogram. Screening relatives for @entity1 by ECG criteria alone detects all those whom an echocardiogram will diagnose. While echocardiography aids in the specificity of @entity1 diagnosis, the ECG, within the context of a family with a proven case of @entity1 , is a more sensitive marker of the disease. It is therefore both a cost-effective and useful tool for screening those to proceed to echocardiography.

title: The standard electrocardiogram as a screening test for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Concurrent stimulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system causes a diminished sympathetic response at high levels of vagal activity. This "accentuated antagonism" has been demonstrated for cardiac chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic responses. The effect on conduction was demonstrated with tonic stimulation of the vagus nerve. However, normally the vagus nerve fires periodically at certain times in the cardiac cycle. Thus, we have studied whether a similar interaction exists in the modulation of @entity1 when short bursts of vagal stimulation were placed in various portions of the cardiac cycle. Anesthetized open-chest mongrel @entity0 were instrumented for stimulation of the cervical vagi and stellate ganglia when the heart was paced. We determined the relationship between cardiac cycle length, direction of action potential propagation, and levels of sympathetic and vagal activation and their effects on @entity1 times. All of the factors investigated, namely levels of vagal and stellate stimulation, pacing intervals, and direction of propagation of action potentials, affected @entity1 times. Furthermore, the vagal effect was greater at short cardiac cycle lengths. When bursts of vagal stimulation were timed to result in maximal or minimal prolongation of @entity1 , no significant effects of sympathetic-parasympathetic interaction on @entity1 times were apparent. However, an analysis of the differences in prolongation of @entity1 with periodic vagal stimulation revealed that a significant sympathetic-vagal interaction existed for these differences. Thus, autonomic neurotransmitters differentially affect cardiac conduction times depending on time of application of the stimulus.

title: Sympathetic and periodic vagal influences on antegrade and retrograde conduction through the XXXX atrioventricular node.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of reactive species of @entity0 on the airway are not well known. This study examined the effects of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) on the structure and function of the airway epithelium. Tracheal rings were prepared from 200 g male @entity1 . Damage to the airway epithelium was assayed by monitoring the ciliary beat frequency, the release of 51Cr, and histology. @entity3 at concentrations of 1.0 mM and above caused a very rapid decrease in ciliary beat frequency. After ten minutes' exposure to 1.0 mM, the ciliary beat frequency was 72 +/- 20 percent of control. Release of 51Cr was a less sensitive measure with significant release occurring after four hours of exposure to ciliotoxic concentrations of @entity3 . Histologic changes were not evident within the experimental time period. All toxic effects of @entity3 were completely blocked by catalase. This study shows that @entity3 causes a rapid decline in ciliary activity and suggests that oxidant-mediated ciliary dysfunction could play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity4 . The ciliary beat frequency provides a sensitive, physiologically relevant parameter for the in vitro study of these diseases.

title: Oxidant-mediated ciliary dysfunction. Possible role in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is an @entity2 caused by mutations in the @entity0 thyroid receptor beta gene on chromosome 3. Individuals with RTH have an increased incidence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The purpose of this study was to search for @entity3 associated with RTH. METHOD: Forty-three subjects (20 affected males [AM], 23 @entity4 [ @entity4 ]) with resistance to thyroid hormone and 32 unaffected first degree relatives (18 unaffected males [UM], 14 unaffected females [UF]) underwent MRI brain scans with a volumetric acquisition that provided 90 contiguous 2 mm thick sagittal images. Films of six contiguous images beginning at a standard sagittal position lateral to the insula were analyzed by an investigator who was blind with respect to subject characteristics. The presence of extra or missing gyri in the parietal bank of the Sylvian fissure (multimodal association cortex) and multiple Heschl's transverse gyri (primary auditory cortex) were noted. RESULTS: There was a significantly increased frequency of anomalous Sylvian fissures in the left hemisphere in males with RTH (AM: 70%; @entity4 : 30%; UM: 28% UF: 28%). Also, there was an increased frequency of anomalous Sylvian fissures on the left combined with multiple Heschl's gyri in either hemisphere in males with RTH (AM: 50%; @entity4 : 9%; UM: 6%; UF: 0%). However, RTH subjects with anomalies did not have an increased frequency of @entity1 as compared with RTH subjects with no anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal thyroid hormone action in the male fetus early during brain development may be associated with grossly observable @entity5 of the left hemisphere. The effects of mutations in the thyroid receptor beta gene provide a model system for studying the complex interaction of genetic and nongenetic factors on brain and behavioral development.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of XXXX in subjects with resistance to thyroid hormone.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) in predicting the extent of @entity4 after preoperative chemotherapy. METHODS: @entity1 with stage II-III invasive @entity0 who received preoperative chemotherapy and were imaged with post-treatment MRI were included. Histopathological verification was available for all @entity1 . The longest diameter of @entity3 measured with MRI and US has been compared with the infiltrating @entity3 size at pathologic evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 108 @entity1 were enrolled: 59 were imaged with both MRI and US (MRI group), and 49 were imaged with US only (non-MRI group). The non-MRI group was enrolled as an external control to avoid possible bias in the selection of @entity1 . In the MRI group, the means of the deltas between MRI @entity3 size and pathologic size and between US and pathologic size were 0.16 cm and -0.06 cm respectively (P = not significant). Overall, a discrepancy limited in the interval from -0.5 cm to +0.5 cm compared with the pathologic size was observed in 54% and 51% of the @entity1 with MRI and US, respectively (P = not significant). The linear correlation between the radiological measurement and pathologic @entity2 size was r = 0.53 for MRI and r = 0.66 for breast US. In the non-MRI group, the mean of the deltas between US @entity3 size and pathologic size was 0.06 cm, and the linear correlation was r = 0.79. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of @entity1 , MRI and US do not show significant differences in predicting the breast residual infiltrating @entity2 after preoperative chemotherapy.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in predicting infiltrating residual disease after preoperative chemotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To elucidate a possible involvement of @entity2 in the development of a mesangial proliferative @entity1 induced by anti- @entity4 antibody administration, glomerular expression of three isoforms of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), brain @entity3 , and endothelial @entity3 , was examined at both mRNA and protein levels by ribonuclease protection assay and immunofluorescence microscopy. Light microscopy showed an accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at 1 hour, lysis of mesangial cells at 1 day, a @entity5 at 4 to 10 days, and minimal residual glomerular lesions by 28 days. Ribonuclease protection assay showed that the glomerular expression of @entity3 mRNA peaked at 1 hour and decreased thereafter. No substantial expression of @entity3 mRNA was observed in normal glomeruli or in the nephritic glomeruli obtained at different time points (1, 4, 10, or 28 days). By immunofluorescence microscopy with a specific monoclonal antibody, an intense reaction for @entity3 was demonstrated in a few cells in the glomeruli at 1 hour. Most of the @entity3 -positive cells were identified as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. @entity3 -positive cells were found less frequently in the glomeruli on days 1 and 4. @entity6 mRNA was constitutively expressed in normal glomeruli and increased biphasically with two peaks at 1 hour and at 4 days or later; however, the peak expression was much less than that of @entity3 mRNA at 1 hour. Expression of brain @entity3 mRNA was not detectable in either normal or nephritic glomeruli. These results show that @entity3 is predominantly expressed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulating at 1 hour in the glomeruli of anti- @entity4 @entity1 and suggest an involvement of NO in the @entity0 .

title: Expression and localization of inducible @entity2 synthase in anti- @entity4 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To elucidate a possible involvement of @entity2 in the development of a mesangial proliferative @entity1 induced by anti- @entity4 antibody administration, glomerular expression of three isoforms of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), brain @entity3 , and endothelial @entity3 , was examined at both mRNA and protein levels by ribonuclease protection assay and immunofluorescence microscopy. Light microscopy showed an accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at 1 hour, lysis of mesangial cells at 1 day, a @entity5 at 4 to 10 days, and minimal residual glomerular lesions by 28 days. Ribonuclease protection assay showed that the glomerular expression of @entity3 mRNA peaked at 1 hour and decreased thereafter. No substantial expression of @entity3 mRNA was observed in normal glomeruli or in the nephritic glomeruli obtained at different time points (1, 4, 10, or 28 days). By immunofluorescence microscopy with a specific monoclonal antibody, an intense reaction for @entity3 was demonstrated in a few cells in the glomeruli at 1 hour. Most of the @entity3 -positive cells were identified as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. @entity3 -positive cells were found less frequently in the glomeruli on days 1 and 4. @entity6 mRNA was constitutively expressed in normal glomeruli and increased biphasically with two peaks at 1 hour and at 4 days or later; however, the peak expression was much less than that of @entity3 mRNA at 1 hour. Expression of brain @entity3 mRNA was not detectable in either normal or nephritic glomeruli. These results show that @entity3 is predominantly expressed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulating at 1 hour in the glomeruli of anti- @entity4 @entity1 and suggest an involvement of NO in the @entity0 .

title: Expression and localization of inducible @entity2 synthase in anti- XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: To elucidate a possible involvement of @entity2 in the development of a mesangial proliferative @entity1 induced by anti- @entity4 antibody administration, glomerular expression of three isoforms of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), brain @entity3 , and endothelial @entity3 , was examined at both mRNA and protein levels by ribonuclease protection assay and immunofluorescence microscopy. Light microscopy showed an accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at 1 hour, lysis of mesangial cells at 1 day, a @entity5 at 4 to 10 days, and minimal residual glomerular lesions by 28 days. Ribonuclease protection assay showed that the glomerular expression of @entity3 mRNA peaked at 1 hour and decreased thereafter. No substantial expression of @entity3 mRNA was observed in normal glomeruli or in the nephritic glomeruli obtained at different time points (1, 4, 10, or 28 days). By immunofluorescence microscopy with a specific monoclonal antibody, an intense reaction for @entity3 was demonstrated in a few cells in the glomeruli at 1 hour. Most of the @entity3 -positive cells were identified as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. @entity3 -positive cells were found less frequently in the glomeruli on days 1 and 4. @entity6 mRNA was constitutively expressed in normal glomeruli and increased biphasically with two peaks at 1 hour and at 4 days or later; however, the peak expression was much less than that of @entity3 mRNA at 1 hour. Expression of brain @entity3 mRNA was not detectable in either normal or nephritic glomeruli. These results show that @entity3 is predominantly expressed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulating at 1 hour in the glomeruli of anti- @entity4 @entity1 and suggest an involvement of NO in the @entity0 .

title: Expression and localization of inducible XXXX synthase in anti- @entity4 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To define the relation between @entity9 transfer via @entity4 kinase (CK) and the ability of the intact beating heart to do work, we chemically inhibited CK activity and then measured cardiac performance under physiological and acute stress conditions. Isolated perfused @entity0 hearts were exposed to @entity8 (IA) and subjected to one of three cardiac stresses: hypercalcemic ( @entity1 = 3 mM) buffer perfusion (n = 7), @entity5 (2 mumol/min) infusion (n = 6), or @entity2 buffer perfusion (n = 5). IA decreased CK activity to near zero, measured in intact hearts by 31P magnetization transfer, and to 2% of control CK activity, measured in myocardial homogenates. The CK isoenzyme profile was unchanged, suggesting nonselective IA inhibition of all isoenzymes. Mitochondria isolated from IA-treated hearts had normal @entity3 :O ratios, state 3 respiratory rates, and unchanged acceptor and respiratory control ratios. Neither actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase nor @entity7 kinase activities were changed. After IA exposure, end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular developed pressure, and heart rate were unchanged for at least 30 min at physiological perfusion pressures, but large changes were observed during stress conditions. The increase in left ventricular developed pressure induced by hypercalcemic perfusion and by @entity5 infusion decreased by 39 and 54%, respectively. During @entity2 , the rate of @entity6 depletion was decreased by 57%, left ventricular developed pressure declined, and end-diastolic pressure increased faster than in controls. These results show that inhibition of CK to < 2% of control activity by IA reduced contractile reserve by approximately 50%. We conclude that CK activity is essential for the expression of the full dynamic range of myocardial performance.

title: Inhibition of the XXXX kinase reaction decreases the contractile reserve of isolated @entity0 hearts.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To define the relation between @entity9 transfer via @entity4 kinase (CK) and the ability of the intact beating heart to do work, we chemically inhibited CK activity and then measured cardiac performance under physiological and acute stress conditions. Isolated perfused @entity0 hearts were exposed to @entity8 (IA) and subjected to one of three cardiac stresses: hypercalcemic ( @entity1 = 3 mM) buffer perfusion (n = 7), @entity5 (2 mumol/min) infusion (n = 6), or @entity2 buffer perfusion (n = 5). IA decreased CK activity to near zero, measured in intact hearts by 31P magnetization transfer, and to 2% of control CK activity, measured in myocardial homogenates. The CK isoenzyme profile was unchanged, suggesting nonselective IA inhibition of all isoenzymes. Mitochondria isolated from IA-treated hearts had normal @entity3 :O ratios, state 3 respiratory rates, and unchanged acceptor and respiratory control ratios. Neither actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase nor @entity7 kinase activities were changed. After IA exposure, end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular developed pressure, and heart rate were unchanged for at least 30 min at physiological perfusion pressures, but large changes were observed during stress conditions. The increase in left ventricular developed pressure induced by hypercalcemic perfusion and by @entity5 infusion decreased by 39 and 54%, respectively. During @entity2 , the rate of @entity6 depletion was decreased by 57%, left ventricular developed pressure declined, and end-diastolic pressure increased faster than in controls. These results show that inhibition of CK to < 2% of control activity by IA reduced contractile reserve by approximately 50%. We conclude that CK activity is essential for the expression of the full dynamic range of myocardial performance.

title: Inhibition of the @entity4 kinase reaction decreases the contractile reserve of isolated XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The expression of large and small intestinal @entity7 antigens (LIMA and SIMA) was investigated in 30 gastrectomy specimens of @entity3 and in 11 controls resected for various pathologic conditions. One hundred eighty-five samples of normal mucosa, @entity5 , @entity6 (types I, II, and III), @entity4 , and @entity1 were studied to identify phenotypes indicative of premalignant change. Our results showed LIMA and SIMA were not detected in normal gastric epithelium from either control or @entity3 specimens. @entity0 characterized goblet cell @entity7 in all types of @entity6 and was not discriminatory between controls and @entity3 groups. On the other hand, LIMA was extensively expressed in columnar and goblet cells in @entity3 (97 per cent) but was absent in controls. There was a crescendo intensity and frequency of LIMA staining in an inverse relation to the degree of cell maturation and differentiation from type I @entity6 (60 per cent) to type II (85 per cent), type III (100 per cent), and @entity4 (100 per cent). In contrast, @entity6 of any type in controls did not show LIMA. The distribution of LIMA seemed to be intimately related to cell differentiation in the proliferative zone at the base of metaplastic glands. @entity3 revealed antigenic phenotype heterogenicity. Our data indicate that LIMA sharpens the diagnosis of @entity4 , discriminates between reactive and preneoplastic epithelium (particularly within @entity6 ), and detects abnormal phenotypes that may represent early stages in @entity2 .

title: Expression of intestinal @entity7 antigens in the gastric epithelium and its relationship with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The expression of large and small intestinal @entity7 antigens (LIMA and SIMA) was investigated in 30 gastrectomy specimens of @entity3 and in 11 controls resected for various pathologic conditions. One hundred eighty-five samples of normal mucosa, @entity5 , @entity6 (types I, II, and III), @entity4 , and @entity1 were studied to identify phenotypes indicative of premalignant change. Our results showed LIMA and SIMA were not detected in normal gastric epithelium from either control or @entity3 specimens. @entity0 characterized goblet cell @entity7 in all types of @entity6 and was not discriminatory between controls and @entity3 groups. On the other hand, LIMA was extensively expressed in columnar and goblet cells in @entity3 (97 per cent) but was absent in controls. There was a crescendo intensity and frequency of LIMA staining in an inverse relation to the degree of cell maturation and differentiation from type I @entity6 (60 per cent) to type II (85 per cent), type III (100 per cent), and @entity4 (100 per cent). In contrast, @entity6 of any type in controls did not show LIMA. The distribution of LIMA seemed to be intimately related to cell differentiation in the proliferative zone at the base of metaplastic glands. @entity3 revealed antigenic phenotype heterogenicity. Our data indicate that LIMA sharpens the diagnosis of @entity4 , discriminates between reactive and preneoplastic epithelium (particularly within @entity6 ), and detects abnormal phenotypes that may represent early stages in @entity2 .

title: Expression of intestinal XXXX antigens in the gastric epithelium and its relationship with @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity0 or provider gender is associated with the number, type, and strength of medications received by emergency department @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity2 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Stanford University Hospital @entity3 @entity0 : @entity0 18 years and older who arrived at the @entity3 with a chief complaint of @entity1 , @entity2 between February 1, 1993, and September 30, 1993. Provider @entity0 included medical students, interns, residents, nurse practitioners, and attending physicians. RESULTS: @entity3 administration of analgesic versus no analgesic, strength of analgesic administered, and administration of multiple medications. The study group consisted of 190 @entity0 , 110 of them female. The @entity0 were evaluated by 84 providers, 60 of them male. According to the providers surveyed, female @entity0 described more @entity2 than did male @entity0 (P < .01) and were perceived by providers to experience more @entity2 (P = .03). Female @entity0 received more medications (P < .01) and were less likely to receive no medication (P = .01). Female @entity0 also received more potent analgesics (P = .03). Linear and logistic regression analysis showed that @entity0 perception of @entity2 was the strongest predictor of the number and strength of medications given; @entity0 gender was not a predictor. CONCLUSION: Female @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity2 describe more @entity2 and are perceived by providers to have more @entity2 than male @entity0 in the @entity3 . Female @entity0 also receive more medications and stronger analgesics. In this study, severity of @entity0 @entity2 rather than gender stereotyping appeared to correlate most with @entity2 -management practices.

title: Gender-associated differences in emergency department XXXX management.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Elective lymph node dissection (ELND) for @entity0 with clinically occult metastatic @entity3 in regional lymph nodes has the goal of curing @entity1 with a surgical treatment. This is in contrast to the low probability for surgical cure in @entity0 with clinically detectable lymph node @entity1 . The rationale for elective node dissection is based on a hypothesis that @entity3 metastasizes sequentially via lymph nodes and then to distant sites. A subgroup of @entity3 @entity0 with high risk for regional node micrometastases but low risk for distant micrometastases has been identified from prognostic factors analysis of large @entity0 series, as well as surgical results of nonrandomized clinical trials. However, two nonrandomized surgical trials have failed to show a survival benefit for ELND. These studies were largely performed in female @entity0 with extremity @entity3 and there were limitations that preclude a definitive conclusion. No randomized trials have been conducted involving @entity3 of the trunk or head and neck. Two prospective randomized surgical trials are now being conducted in North America and in Europe. Until the results of these trials are available, physicians are encouraged to enter @entity0 into these ongoing clinical trials or consider ELND in selected @entity0 where the benefit-risk ratio justifies it. Factors to be considered in this decision include intermediate @entity2 thickness (ie, 1 to 4 mm thickness), anatomic site, histology ( @entity4 and growth pattern), and the risk of the operation in individual @entity0 settings.

title: The role of elective lymph node dissection in XXXX : rationale, results, and controversies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: As previously reported in acute presentations of @entity4 , an identifiable characteristic coronary artery lesion has been found in about 70% of cases at coronary arteriography. This takes the form of an eccentrically placed @entity3 with a @entity1 due to one or more overhanging edges or irregular, scalloped borders, or both. To study the evolution of lesions responsible for @entity4 , coronary artery anatomy and morphology on angiography were evaluated in @entity0 with @entity5 progressing to @entity4 . Group I comprised 25 @entity0 with a history of @entity5 who were restudied after an acute episode of @entity4 and Group II comprised 21 @entity0 with little or no change in symptoms between catheterizations. Progression of @entity2 occurred in 19 (76%) of 25 @entity0 in Group I compared with 7 (33%) of 21 in Group II (p less than 0.001). Of the 25 lesions with progression in Group I, 17 progressed to less than 100% and 8 to 100% occlusion. Eighteen of these 25 lesions in Group I were previously insignificant (less than 50% occlusion on the first catheterization). In contrast, of the eight lesions with disease progression in Group II, only two were previously insignificant while six showed at least 50% occlusion on the initial study. The eccentric lesion was seen in 71% of all lesions with progression to less than 100% occlusion in Group I, but it was not seen in any Group II vessel with progression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Angiographic evolution of coronary artery morphology in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: After brief coronary occlusions, @entity7 may become "stunned," exhibiting prolonged @entity3 of function despite the absence of @entity0 . Because of the accompanying decline in @entity5 and @entity8 precursors, a deficiency of energy supply has been proposed as the basis for @entity4 . This study examined whether sufficient functional and metabolic reserve exists in @entity7 to sustain a prolonged, maximal inotropic response to @entity6 and postextrasystolic potentiation. In 11 open chest @entity2 , the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 5 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of reflow, repeated 12 times, with a final 1 hour recovery period. Regional myocardial function was measured using pairs of ultrasonic dimension crystals implanted in @entity1 and nonischemic zones. During repetitive reflows a progressive decrease in mean systolic segment shortening occurred: baseline 21.8%, 1st reflow 15.2%, 12th reflow 4.3%, 1 hour recovery 7.9%. Intravenous @entity6 , titrated to produce a maximal inotropic response, caused segment shortening to increase to 21.6% after 10 minutes and to 24.8% after 1 hour of infusion, despite a 20 mm Hg increase in systolic pressure. The same dose of @entity6 given before @entity1 increased segment shortening to 30.5%. In six of the @entity2 , postextrasystolic potentiation before @entity1 increased segment shortening from 21.8 to 31.1%, and after 1 hour of recovery from @entity1 , from 7.9 to 24.8%. Lesser increases in segment shortening were also seen in nonischemic segments. The results indicate that @entity7 possesses considerable functional reserve. @entity9 are therefore not likely to be the basis for @entity3 function seen at rest in @entity7 .

title: Reversal of dysfunction in postischemic @entity7 by XXXX and postextrasystolic potentiation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: After brief coronary occlusions, @entity7 may become "stunned," exhibiting prolonged @entity3 of function despite the absence of @entity0 . Because of the accompanying decline in @entity5 and @entity8 precursors, a deficiency of energy supply has been proposed as the basis for @entity4 . This study examined whether sufficient functional and metabolic reserve exists in @entity7 to sustain a prolonged, maximal inotropic response to @entity6 and postextrasystolic potentiation. In 11 open chest @entity2 , the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 5 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of reflow, repeated 12 times, with a final 1 hour recovery period. Regional myocardial function was measured using pairs of ultrasonic dimension crystals implanted in @entity1 and nonischemic zones. During repetitive reflows a progressive decrease in mean systolic segment shortening occurred: baseline 21.8%, 1st reflow 15.2%, 12th reflow 4.3%, 1 hour recovery 7.9%. Intravenous @entity6 , titrated to produce a maximal inotropic response, caused segment shortening to increase to 21.6% after 10 minutes and to 24.8% after 1 hour of infusion, despite a 20 mm Hg increase in systolic pressure. The same dose of @entity6 given before @entity1 increased segment shortening to 30.5%. In six of the @entity2 , postextrasystolic potentiation before @entity1 increased segment shortening from 21.8 to 31.1%, and after 1 hour of recovery from @entity1 , from 7.9 to 24.8%. Lesser increases in segment shortening were also seen in nonischemic segments. The results indicate that @entity7 possesses considerable functional reserve. @entity9 are therefore not likely to be the basis for @entity3 function seen at rest in @entity7 .

title: Reversal of dysfunction in postischemic XXXX by @entity6 and postextrasystolic potentiation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The @entity2 is a known cause of foot @entity1 . When symptomatic and conservative measures have failed, surgical intervention may be required. Simple excision of the ossicle or the Kidner procedure with transplantation of tibialis posterior tendon to the undersurface of the navicular bone may be done. Eighteen @entity0 with symptomatic @entity2 were reviewed at the Singapore General Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 'O' Unit. All 18 @entity0 had foot @entity1 and restriction of activities. Thirteen noticed a prominence on the medial side of the affected foot and 7 had difficulty with shoe fitting. Nine underwent simple excision of the ossicle while the other 9 had the Kidner procedure done. The average follow-up period was 3.1 years. Both the simple excision and the Kidner procedure were equally successful in relieving symptoms in 15 out of the 18 cases. The Kidner procedure did not confer any particular advantage over simple excision.

title: Surgical treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Biapenem, formerly LJC 10,627 or @entity5 , a carbapenem antibiotic, was studied in its interactions with 12 beta-lactamases belonging to the four molecular classes proposed by R. P. Ambler (Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. Sci. 289:321-331, 1980). Kinetic parameters were determined. Biapenem was readily inactivated by metallo-beta-lactamases but behaved as a transient inhibitor of the active-site @entity1 enzymes tested, although with different acylation efficiency values. Class A and class D beta-lactamases were unable to confer in vitro resistance toward this @entity3 antibiotic. Surprisingly, the same situation was found in the case of class B enzymes from @entity2 AE036 and @entity4 5/B/6 when expressed in @entity0 strains.

title: Interactions of biapenem with active-site XXXX and metallo-beta-lactamases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nerve regeneration across a 10 mm gap through an implanted @entity3 tube was delayed in @entity4 -fed @entity1 two and four weeks after transecting the nerve. This experimental metabolic @entity0 resembles @entity5 in which nerve regeneration is also delayed. Experiments were performed by introducing opposite ends of divided sciatic nerves into close-fitting @entity3 tubes, leaving a 10 mm gap. Growth of @entity2 across this gap was monitored by electron microscopy performed in sections at regular intervals of 2 mm from proximal to distal stumps. After two weeks some difference was apparent; axons advanced 1.4 +/- 0.4 mm in @entity4 -fed @entity1 versus 3.5 +/- 1.5 mm in controls. Myelination did not progress beyond 1 mm in @entity4 -fed @entity1 . Differences were greater between the two groups at four weeks. The growth of axons in @entity4 @entity1 was 3.5 +/- 0.2 mm versus 9.4 +/- 0.1 mm in control nerves. In addition the size of the regenerating stump was much greater in control @entity1 . Qualitative differences were also noticed during electron microscopic comparison of control and @entity4 -treated @entity1 . The @entity6 seen in treated @entity1 had abnormal electron-dense organelles, lamellated bodies, vesicles and tubular structures, as well as numerous glycogen granules. Abnormalities of spatial orientation were also noted. Unlike control axons which grew parallel with the long axis of the tube, regenerating axons in experimental animals were seen deviating from the axis at 90 degrees angles. Both immature sprouts and myelinating axons showed abnormal plasticity. Ultrastructural differences were also noted in Schwann cells, macrophages and vessels.

title: Abnormal nerve regeneration in @entity4 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Nerve regeneration across a 10 mm gap through an implanted @entity3 tube was delayed in @entity4 -fed @entity1 two and four weeks after transecting the nerve. This experimental metabolic @entity0 resembles @entity5 in which nerve regeneration is also delayed. Experiments were performed by introducing opposite ends of divided sciatic nerves into close-fitting @entity3 tubes, leaving a 10 mm gap. Growth of @entity2 across this gap was monitored by electron microscopy performed in sections at regular intervals of 2 mm from proximal to distal stumps. After two weeks some difference was apparent; axons advanced 1.4 +/- 0.4 mm in @entity4 -fed @entity1 versus 3.5 +/- 1.5 mm in controls. Myelination did not progress beyond 1 mm in @entity4 -fed @entity1 . Differences were greater between the two groups at four weeks. The growth of axons in @entity4 @entity1 was 3.5 +/- 0.2 mm versus 9.4 +/- 0.1 mm in control nerves. In addition the size of the regenerating stump was much greater in control @entity1 . Qualitative differences were also noticed during electron microscopic comparison of control and @entity4 -treated @entity1 . The @entity6 seen in treated @entity1 had abnormal electron-dense organelles, lamellated bodies, vesicles and tubular structures, as well as numerous glycogen granules. Abnormalities of spatial orientation were also noted. Unlike control axons which grew parallel with the long axis of the tube, regenerating axons in experimental animals were seen deviating from the axis at 90 degrees angles. Both immature sprouts and myelinating axons showed abnormal plasticity. Ultrastructural differences were also noted in Schwann cells, macrophages and vessels.

title: Abnormal nerve regeneration in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Multiunit and single neuron responses to taste stimuli in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of alert @entity4 were analyzed. Intensity-response functions, including neural thresholds to @entity1 and @entity3 @entity5 , agreed well with psychophysical reports, implying that the @entity4 and @entity0 share the same dynamic range of sensitivity to prototypical taste stimuli. The NTS is chemotopically organized: neurons most responsive to @entity5 are more common in the posterior gustatory area, whereas those most responsive to @entity1 and @entity2 are located in the anterior NTS. Responsiveness to @entity3 is more widely distributed but tends toward the anterior. Efforts were made to determine if neurons could be divided into a discrete number of types, as determined by their sensitivities to the prototypical stimuli. The clearest distinction was between those that did or did not respond well to @entity5 . Beyond this, neuronal categories were not obvious. Individual neurons were quite broadly sensitive to our stimulus array, so that, for the typical NTS cell, no one of the four prototypes evoked a majority of the discharges. This extreme breadth of tuning suggests that taste-quality information in the monkey might be incorporated in relative discharge rates across the neuron population. Correlations among patterns of activity to the four prototypical stimuli indicated that only @entity5 and @entity3 @entity5 have closely related taste qualities.

title: Gustatory responses in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the alert XXXX .

answer: @entity4