abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Histiocytosis X is a condition characterized by an abnormal proliferation of histiocytes with a variable @entity2 and inflammatory component; bone involvement is almost always present. The aim of this study was to define the management of solitary @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the calvaria in adult @entity0 , in relation to the size and site of the lesion. METHODS: Fourteen @entity0 , ranging in age from 7 to 45 years, with solitary @entity3 of the calvaria were surgically treated by craniectomy or curettage and cranioplasty. We subgrouped the lesions into two types: A) lesions localized inside the diplo   and/or compressing the cerebral parenchyma below but without dural infiltration; B) lesions with mainly intracranial growth, compressing the cerebral parenchyma and infiltrating the dura. The infiltrated dura mater in type B lesions was replaced with a dural patch. Cranioplasty was performed in lesions with a diameter of 4 cm or more and/or located in aesthetically exposed areas of the skull. RESULTS: None of the @entity0 died during the study and no local or systemic recurrences were observed during follow-up (min. 3 yrs, max. 8 yrs). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of @entity0 with isolated @entity3 of the calvaria not only is simple and quick but also allows histological diagnosis of the @entity1 . These @entity0 do not require further adjuvant treatment. Cranioplasty should be performed when the lesion has a diameter of 4 cm or more, when it is located in aesthetically exposed areas of the skull such as the frontal or temporal bones, or when it produces alterations of the normal skull morphology.

title: Solitary XXXX of the calvaria.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In this paper we report the characterization of three novel members of the @entity2 shaggy-related protein kinase (ASK) multigene family, named ASKdzeta (ASKzeta), ASKetha (ASKeta) and ASKiota (ASKiota). The proteins encoded by the ASK genes share a highly conserved catalytic protein kinase domain and show about 70% identity to @entity5 ) from @entity1 and @entity0 respectively. SGG is an ubiquitous intracellular component of the wingless signalling pathway that establishes cell fate and/or pattern formation in @entity1 . At least ten different ASK genes are expected to be present per haploid genome of A. thaliana. Different @entity3 - and @entity4 -terminal extensions distinguish different ASK family members. Five ASK gene sequences were analysed and shown to be present as single-copy genes in the @entity2 genome. A comparison based on the highly conserved catalytic domain sequences of all known sequences of the GSK-3 subfamily of protein kinases demonstrated a clear distinction between the plant and the animal kinases. Furthermore, we established the presence of at least three distinct groups of plant homologues of SGG/GSK-3. These different groups probably reflect biochemical and/or biological properties of these kinases. The differential expression patterns of five ASK genes were accessed by northern and in situ hybridization experiments using gene-specific probes. While ASKzeta is expressed in the whole embryo during its development, ASKeta expression is limited to the suspensor cells. No signal was detected for ASKalpha, ASKgamma and ASKiota in developing embryos.

title: Characterization of three novel members of the XXXX SHAGGY-related protein kinase (ASK) multigene family.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) toxi @entity2 one of the contributing factors for the development and progression of chro @entity1 D) @entity1 onversion to siro @entity5 L) from CNI improves renal function kidney in transplant recipients. METHODS: A retrospective review from pati @entity0 uptly converted from CNI to SRL over a three yr period is reported. RESULTS: Thirty-nine pati @entity0 e converted 55.2  58 months after renal transplantation. 24 month pati @entity0 graft survival was 100% and 92%. Acute rejection incidence was 7.6%. Overall, serum crea @entity4 r) and Cockcroft-Gault crea @entity4 arance (CGCrCl) improved. In responders, SCr improved from 2.48  0.8 to 1.94  0.8 mg/dL (p<0.05) CGCrCl improved from 37.8  17.4 to 51.9  23.8 mL/min at two years. An increase in prot @entity3 observed from conversion to month 12 in responders (189.4  512.8 to 488.3  890.6 mg/day, p<0.05) and from conversion to month six in non-responders (1179.4  2001.1 to 2357  4172.9 mg/day, p<0.05). Low prot @entity3 positive predictive value for renal response after conversion. CONCLUSION: Conversion from CNI to SRL with CAD @entity1 associated with improved renal function with an increase in prot @entity3 w prot @entity3 a possible positive predictive factor for successful conversion.

title: Long-term results after conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to XXXX in renal transplant @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) toxi @entity2 one of the contributing factors for the development and progression of chro @entity1 D) @entity1 onversion to siro @entity5 L) from CNI improves renal function kidney in transplant recipients. METHODS: A retrospective review from pati @entity0 uptly converted from CNI to SRL over a three yr period is reported. RESULTS: Thirty-nine pati @entity0 e converted 55.2  58 months after renal transplantation. 24 month pati @entity0 graft survival was 100% and 92%. Acute rejection incidence was 7.6%. Overall, serum crea @entity4 r) and Cockcroft-Gault crea @entity4 arance (CGCrCl) improved. In responders, SCr improved from 2.48  0.8 to 1.94  0.8 mg/dL (p<0.05) CGCrCl improved from 37.8  17.4 to 51.9  23.8 mL/min at two years. An increase in prot @entity3 observed from conversion to month 12 in responders (189.4  512.8 to 488.3  890.6 mg/day, p<0.05) and from conversion to month six in non-responders (1179.4  2001.1 to 2357  4172.9 mg/day, p<0.05). Low prot @entity3 positive predictive value for renal response after conversion. CONCLUSION: Conversion from CNI to SRL with CAD @entity1 associated with improved renal function with an increase in prot @entity3 w prot @entity3 a possible positive predictive factor for successful conversion.

title: Long-term results after conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to @entity5 in renal transplant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze radiographic and histological outcomes of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using a @entity2 based allograft containing demineralized bone matrix particles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen maxillary sinus lift procedures with simultaneous placement of @entity4 implants were performed in 12 @entity0 of both genders aged 36-71 years. Each sinus cavity was filled by the biocomposite. After 3 months of healing, all surgical sites were uncovered and bone biopsies were retrieved for undecalcified histology and histomorphometry. The ratio between the original and the grafted sinus height ( @entity5 /OSH) was computed using a panoramic radiography taken immediately after surgery and at 3 months of healing, and the two ratios were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: By 3 months, all implants were stable without clinical and radiographic signs of @entity3 . Significant changes in @entity5 /OSH during healing were seen (2.7 +/- 0.6 initially vs. 2.6 +/- 0.5 after healing; p = 0.01). Histologic findings showed newly formed bone surrounding the residual grafted particles without @entity1 . At 3 months, mean regenerated bone density was 33.8 +/- 8.6%; marrow spaces amounted to 32.3 +/- 10.3%; residual graft was 33.9 +/- 9.0%. Similar histomorphometric and radiographic results were obtained independently from @entity0 age or sex. CONCLUSIONS: The analysed putty seems to be a safe and effective graft material for maxillary sinus floor augmentation by accelerating bone regeneration and thus reducing the healing time.

title: Histomorphometric analysis of XXXX maxillary sinus lift with a new bone substitute biocomposite: a preliminary report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: From June 1979 through January 1985, 22 @entity0 under 20 months of age (mean 8 months and 4 kg) underwent @entity5 repair with a left subclavian aortoplasty. The most commonly associated lesions were @entity6 (50%), @entity12 (45%), @entity7 (41%), transposition of great arteries (22.7%) and other @entity1 comprised 30%. Indication for surgery was congestive @entity3 refractory to medical management. All @entity0 were on inotropic support. Two @entity0 required mechanical ventilation preoperatively. Subclavian flap angioplasty was performed with 7.0 continuous @entity11 suture. Ligation of a @entity7 was simultaneously done in 8 @entity0 and pulmonary artery banding in 8 others. Four @entity0 (18%) died within 30 days after operation; 3 of them had severe @entity10 of the aortic arch. Three transient @entity2 were encountered; chylothorax, @entity8 and @entity9 . No hospital deaths occurred in @entity0 with isolated @entity5 . All survivors were followed for a period varying from 3 to 6.5 years (mean, 2 years). There were 3 late deaths (13.6%). Non invasive studies have shown a satisfactory result in 14 @entity0 with a residual gradient less than 20 mmHg and in 10 of them, cardiac catheterization and cineangiography showed no evidence of significant @entity4 . In one @entity0 only, femoral pulses were absent 4 months postoperatively. These results and reports of others indicate, contrary to the age, that the presence of associated disease affects mortality. Prompt repair of @entity5 in all @entity0 with or without symptoms is recommended and the subclavian flap procedure appears to be a simple and safe method for relief of @entity5 in critically ill @entity0 .

title: Late results of the subclavian flap repair of XXXX in infancy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical, ultrasound and pathological characteristics of @entity0 with @entity3 diagnosed by ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy who consulted for lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with @entity4 . METHODS: From 1994 to 1998 ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy of the prostate was performed in 1,548 @entity0 aged 49-90 years (mean age 70 +/- 7). Of these, 613 (40%) were diagnosed with @entity1 . Biopsy was performed in 161 @entity0 (60%) with elevated PSA but no suspicion of @entity1 on digital rectal examination, and 452 @entity0 with a suspicious DRE. Only 10 of these 452 @entity0 (2%) had a PSA value within the normal ranges. Ninety-seven percent of the @entity0 with @entity1 were diagnosed at the first biopsy. RESULTS: The DRE findings were compatible with locally advanced @entity1 in 25% of the @entity0 . An echogenic nodule was detected in 79%; the nodule was hypoechoic in 93% of the cases. Ninety-four percent of the @entity0 with a suspicious DRE versus 37% of those with a normal DRE showed a nodule on ultrasound (p < 0.001). According to the ultrasound and DRE findings, 41% of the @entity0 had a @entity1 . @entity1 was diagnosed in 70% of the @entity0 with a nodule; 51% of the cases had high grade @entity2 (score 8, 9 or 10). Sixty percent of the @entity0 with a suspicious DRE had high grade @entity1 versus 30% of the @entity0 with a normal DRE (p < 0.001). Twenty-three percent of the @entity0 underwent radical prostatectomy. Only 34% of the @entity0 had a localized @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Most of the @entity1 of the prostate diagnosed in @entity0 who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with BHP were high grade and locally advanced and therefore not susceptible to cure. PSA determination and digital rectal examination at the primary care level can be useful in detecting @entity3 in the early stages without significantly increasing costs.

title: [Clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of XXXX diagnosed with transrectal biopsy].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The 82 cases of @entity1 diagnosed in Greater Cape Town between 1970 and 1979 were followed up after a median time of 9.6 years from diagnosis. Sixty @entity0 were contacted; 6 had died and 16 were not available for follow-up. Only 1 death was disease-related. Mortality in @entity1 was not increased. There were no cases of @entity2 . At diagnosis most @entity0 had had moderately severe disease, and 10 years later, 80% had mild-to-moderate symptoms. The 5-year resection rate was 46% and the 10-year rate 68%; 23% of @entity0 required a second resection within 5 years of the first, and 42% within 10 years. Surgery occurred earlier in those with @entity3 . Ten @entity0 were over the age of 60 years at diagnosis; there was no apparent difference between the extent of their disease and that in the group as a whole. However, the elderly @entity0 appeared to have a better prognosis--59% having been symptom-free for more than 1 year, and none having required a second resection.

title: Medium-term follow-up of XXXX in Cape Town.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Particle size distribution measurements in 16 nonlinear intervals covering the 0.1-7.5 microns range and concurrent @entity0 concentrations were continuously recorded in September 1996 over the period of two weeks in a Mediterranean forest. @entity0 size distribution was derived from a linear correlation fit between the concentrations and the number of particles recorded at each particle size interval. The results revealed two modal diameters for @entity3 , with typical diameters at 0.3 and 0.675 micron. These results were associated with two different dominant chemical mechanisms governing @entity0 formation. In order to describe the dominant chemical mechanism, the growth law approach was applied. Growth rates were determined using the parameter estimates of the fitted particle size distribution function. By matching these data with @entity0 concentrations, the dominant chemical reactions were identified. The results have shown that @entity0 formation is governed by both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions and that the latter process was dominant. Condensation reactions prevailed in the early morning and late afternoon, and volume reactions at night, particularly in high-moisture conditions. From the observational data, the gas-to-particle conversion rate for @entity1 ( @entity2 ) at nighttime was also derived, yielding a 2.18%/hr-1.

title: Aerosols in a Mediterranean forest: XXXX , particle size distribution, and growth rates.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Relative to her risk of @entity0 , the @entity1 with a @entity4 or @entity3 gene mutation can be managed either by intensive screening (with or without chemoprevention) or by prophylactic mastectomy. Although it would be preferable to avoid prophylactic surgery, the current level of screening technology and the rudimentary state of chemoprevention do not guarantee a good outcome with intensive surveillance. A review of the currently available data was undertaken to determine the efficacy of prophylactic surgery, intensive screening, and chemoprevention. An attempt then was made to extrapolate the efficacy of the various approaches to the management of @entity1 who carry @entity4 or @entity3 gene mutations. Intensive surveillance may not detect @entity0 at an early, curable stage in young @entity1 with @entity4 or @entity3 gene mutations because the growth rate of the @entity2 in these @entity1 most likely will be rapid and the density of the breast tissue may compromise detection. Chemoprevention is in its infancy, and its efficacy in this population is unknown. Conversely, prophylactic surgery may not be completely effective in preventing @entity0 . The authors are hopeful that sometime in the next decade advances in chemoprevention, screening technology, or @entity0 treatment will make mastectomy obsolete. However, for the time being prophylactic mastectomy has attributes that make it an alternative for this population that must be considered. Careful discussion of all options is essential in the management of these @entity1 .

title: Prophylactic mastectomy and inherited predisposition to XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The findings of cranial sonography performed before and during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 50 near-term @entity0 and CT findings after ECMO in 18 of those @entity0 are reported. @entity5 is uncommon in @entity0 being considered for ECMO: @entity5 was seen in one case and @entity1 possibly due to in utero @entity5 was seen in five cases. @entity4 ischemic @entity2 is more common: severe @entity8 was seen in two cases, occipital @entity3 in one case, and mild @entity8 in 17 cases. During ECMO, sonograms showed that the @entity5 in @entity0 with small @entity5 or cyst before ECMO did not extend while on ECMO. Typical germinal matrix/intraventricular @entity5 was seen uncommonly (three cases). Unusual @entity5 did occur. @entity9 was more common: @entity5 was seen in three cases, severe @entity8 in three cases, and @entity6 in three cases. @entity9 probably occurs before ECMO, with a delay in visualization. CT after ECMO detected additional abnormalities, particularly peripheral areas of @entity5 and @entity6 not visible on sonograms, and is now being performed on all @entity0 . More emphasis should be placed on better screening of @entity0 being considered for ECMO treatment to identify irreversible @entity7 , not just @entity5 .

title: Brain abnormalities in XXXX on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: sonographic and CT findings.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Scholars have postulated that cervical degeneration can predispose the upper cervical spine to injury after minor @entity1 . @entity5 have previously been recognized as potentiators of @entity2 in the hip and knee but no cases of cervical @entity3 contributing to @entity2 have been reported. PURPOSE: This report documents a case series in which @entity0 sustained significant @entity1 in the setting of subchondral cervical cysts. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Case series/academic level I @entity1 center. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2008, six @entity0 (ages 73-91 years) with cervical pathology were admitted to the @entity1 service at our Level I @entity1 center. The most common mechanism of injury was a low velocity fall, which occurred in 5 out of 6 @entity0 . All @entity0 suffered an @entity2 . In all cases, there was radiographic evidence of cyst formation, and computed tomographic imaging demonstrated @entity2 communication with the @entity5 . RESULTS: Of the six cases, four were treated definitively with immobilization in a cervical orthosis and two required surgery. One @entity0 was treated with an occipital-cervical fusion, whereas the other underwent Brooks wiring. All @entity0 ultimately went on to heal their @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine have previously been recognized to potentiate injury. This report raises the question of whether degenerative processes at the C1-C2 articulation predispose elderly @entity0 to injury at this level. The presence of @entity4 at the @entity6 should be recognized as a potential risk factor for @entity1 after relatively minor @entity1 .

title: @entity5 : a risk factor for odontoid XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Scholars have postulated that cervical degeneration can predispose the upper cervical spine to injury after minor @entity1 . @entity5 have previously been recognized as potentiators of @entity2 in the hip and knee but no cases of cervical @entity3 contributing to @entity2 have been reported. PURPOSE: This report documents a case series in which @entity0 sustained significant @entity1 in the setting of subchondral cervical cysts. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Case series/academic level I @entity1 center. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2008, six @entity0 (ages 73-91 years) with cervical pathology were admitted to the @entity1 service at our Level I @entity1 center. The most common mechanism of injury was a low velocity fall, which occurred in 5 out of 6 @entity0 . All @entity0 suffered an @entity2 . In all cases, there was radiographic evidence of cyst formation, and computed tomographic imaging demonstrated @entity2 communication with the @entity5 . RESULTS: Of the six cases, four were treated definitively with immobilization in a cervical orthosis and two required surgery. One @entity0 was treated with an occipital-cervical fusion, whereas the other underwent Brooks wiring. All @entity0 ultimately went on to heal their @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine have previously been recognized to potentiate injury. This report raises the question of whether degenerative processes at the C1-C2 articulation predispose elderly @entity0 to injury at this level. The presence of @entity4 at the @entity6 should be recognized as a potential risk factor for @entity1 after relatively minor @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a risk factor for odontoid @entity2 in the elderly.

answer: @entity5


abstract: New approaches in biochemistry and molecular biology have increased the knowledge on the pathophysiology of @entity2 as late @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity9 and @entity4 by defining the concept of "AGE-formation and oxidative stress." Nonenzymatic glycation, in which reducing @entity8 are covalently bound to free aminogroups of macromolecules, results in the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) which accumulate during aging and at accelerated rate during the course of @entity1 . Glycation accompanying oxidation processes support AGE-formation. AGE-formation changes the physicochemical properties of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In addition, binding of AGEs to specific surface receptors induces cellular signalling and cell activation. Interaction of AGEs with one of the receptors, @entity10 , generates intracellular oxidative stress, which results in activation of the transcription factor @entity6 and subsequent gene expression, which might be relevant in late @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the basis molecular mechanisms allows to understand the interplay of different inducers such as redicals, cytokines, AGE-proteins and amyloid-beta-peptids and to define oxidative stress as a "common endpoint" of cell dysfunction. With respect to therapeutic options it is now possible not only to optimize blood glycemic control, but also to design drugs such as AGE-inhibitors and AGE-" @entity7 . In addition @entity0 with @entity2 associated with increased oxidative stress ay benefit from an antioxidant rich (and AGE protein poor?) nutrition.

title: [Non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative stress in XXXX and @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: New approaches in biochemistry and molecular biology have increased the knowledge on the pathophysiology of @entity2 as late @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity9 and @entity4 by defining the concept of "AGE-formation and oxidative stress." Nonenzymatic glycation, in which reducing @entity8 are covalently bound to free aminogroups of macromolecules, results in the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) which accumulate during aging and at accelerated rate during the course of @entity1 . Glycation accompanying oxidation processes support AGE-formation. AGE-formation changes the physicochemical properties of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In addition, binding of AGEs to specific surface receptors induces cellular signalling and cell activation. Interaction of AGEs with one of the receptors, @entity10 , generates intracellular oxidative stress, which results in activation of the transcription factor @entity6 and subsequent gene expression, which might be relevant in late @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the basis molecular mechanisms allows to understand the interplay of different inducers such as redicals, cytokines, AGE-proteins and amyloid-beta-peptids and to define oxidative stress as a "common endpoint" of cell dysfunction. With respect to therapeutic options it is now possible not only to optimize blood glycemic control, but also to design drugs such as AGE-inhibitors and AGE-" @entity7 . In addition @entity0 with @entity2 associated with increased oxidative stress ay benefit from an antioxidant rich (and AGE protein poor?) nutrition.

title: [Non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative stress in @entity2 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Our previous studies with the @entity2 model of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), C57BL/6J-APC(Min)/+ or Min @entity2 , demonstrated the optimal dose for @entity3 with @entity7 was 10 mg/kg/day as an undivided dose. Divided doses exhibited no increased efficaciousness. This study examines 10 mg/kg @entity7 daily (qd) on survival as well as a second daily (q.o.d.) schedule and compares it with sulindac @entity6 . The q.o.d. schedule at 10 mg/kg was equally efficacious as qd treatment at the same dose. For the q.o.d. group, @entity1 number decreased similarly (p<0.01); while body @entity4 (p<0.01), hematocrit and average @entity1 area (both, p<0.05) were improved compared with qd treatment. Treatment with @entity7 (10 mg/kg/day) increased survival significantly (p=0.0004, log-rank) compared to vehicle treated animals. Major biological endpoints (hematocrit, @entity4 , @entity1 number, average and total area [99% reduction]) were significantly improved in treated animals (p<0.01). Sulindac @entity6 treatment (50 mg/kg/day) of the Min @entity2 produced no significant biological benefit. The dose schedule study suggests that for @entity1 reduction it is necessary to attain a threshold drug-level but not necessarily sustain it over 24 hrs (pharmacodynamic t1/2 > pharmacokinetic t1/2). During the period of administration @entity7 dramatically prolongs survival for the @entity2 model of the @entity0 disease, @entity5 .

title: Treatment and survival study in the C57BL/6J-APC(Min)/+(Min) @entity2 with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Our previous studies with the @entity2 model of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), C57BL/6J-APC(Min)/+ or Min @entity2 , demonstrated the optimal dose for @entity3 with @entity7 was 10 mg/kg/day as an undivided dose. Divided doses exhibited no increased efficaciousness. This study examines 10 mg/kg @entity7 daily (qd) on survival as well as a second daily (q.o.d.) schedule and compares it with sulindac @entity6 . The q.o.d. schedule at 10 mg/kg was equally efficacious as qd treatment at the same dose. For the q.o.d. group, @entity1 number decreased similarly (p<0.01); while body @entity4 (p<0.01), hematocrit and average @entity1 area (both, p<0.05) were improved compared with qd treatment. Treatment with @entity7 (10 mg/kg/day) increased survival significantly (p=0.0004, log-rank) compared to vehicle treated animals. Major biological endpoints (hematocrit, @entity4 , @entity1 number, average and total area [99% reduction]) were significantly improved in treated animals (p<0.01). Sulindac @entity6 treatment (50 mg/kg/day) of the Min @entity2 produced no significant biological benefit. The dose schedule study suggests that for @entity1 reduction it is necessary to attain a threshold drug-level but not necessarily sustain it over 24 hrs (pharmacodynamic t1/2 > pharmacokinetic t1/2). During the period of administration @entity7 dramatically prolongs survival for the @entity2 model of the @entity0 disease, @entity5 .

title: Treatment and survival study in the C57BL/6J-APC(Min)/+(Min) XXXX with @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the number of @entity0 treated for chronic @entity1 in 1994 in Japan and to explore the clinico-epidemiological features of chronic @entity1 . Two surveys were conducted. Stratified random sampling was used to select departments in which @entity0 with chronic @entity1 were treated, and two different questionnaires were administered to obtain relevant information. From the first survey, the total number of @entity0 treated for chronic @entity1 in Japan in the year 1994 was estimated as 32,000 (95% confidence interval, 25,000-39,000). Clinico-epidemiological features, based on the 2,523 @entity0 reported from the second survey, were subsequently clarified. The sex ratio (male/female) of the @entity0 was 3.5. @entity3 was the most common type in males (68.5%), and idiopathic @entity1 in females (69.6%). Compared with the findings in the last survey in 1985, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 has decreased slightly, from 58.7% to 55.5%, while that of @entity2 has increased in both males and females. @entity0 diagnosed by advanced techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) accounted for 68.1% of the total. The number of @entity0 with chronic @entity1 treated in 1994 in Japan, was estimated as 32,000, with an overall prevalence rate of 45.4 per 100,000 population in males and 12.4 per 100,000 population in females.

title: Nationwide epidemiological survey of chronic XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Clinical effectiveness of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was studied for 46 elderly @entity0 with @entity4 . 1. Clinical efficacy rate of @entity6 was 80.6% (29/36). 2. Adverse reactions occurred in 2 @entity0 as systemic rush and fever. @entity2 were observed in 5 @entity0 . These included elevation of transaminase value. 3. The serum concentration of @entity6 at 12 hours after administration of 2 g @entity6 was not reflected in @entity3 clearance and total @entity1 , and those 2 values appeared to have little effects on @entity6 excretion. 4. The administration of @entity6 at 4 g/day for less than 3 weeks had no effects on the renal function. As a result of this study, @entity6 was found to have little undesirable effect on renal functions and to be a useful drug for the treatment of @entity4 in elderly @entity0 .

title: [Clinical effectiveness of XXXX for @entity4 of elderly @entity0 , focusing on its safety on renal function].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Clinical effectiveness of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was studied for 46 elderly @entity0 with @entity4 . 1. Clinical efficacy rate of @entity6 was 80.6% (29/36). 2. Adverse reactions occurred in 2 @entity0 as systemic rush and fever. @entity2 were observed in 5 @entity0 . These included elevation of transaminase value. 3. The serum concentration of @entity6 at 12 hours after administration of 2 g @entity6 was not reflected in @entity3 clearance and total @entity1 , and those 2 values appeared to have little effects on @entity6 excretion. 4. The administration of @entity6 at 4 g/day for less than 3 weeks had no effects on the renal function. As a result of this study, @entity6 was found to have little undesirable effect on renal functions and to be a useful drug for the treatment of @entity4 in elderly @entity0 .

title: [Clinical effectiveness of @entity5 for XXXX of elderly @entity0 , focusing on its safety on renal function].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Clinical effectiveness of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was studied for 46 elderly @entity0 with @entity4 . 1. Clinical efficacy rate of @entity6 was 80.6% (29/36). 2. Adverse reactions occurred in 2 @entity0 as systemic rush and fever. @entity2 were observed in 5 @entity0 . These included elevation of transaminase value. 3. The serum concentration of @entity6 at 12 hours after administration of 2 g @entity6 was not reflected in @entity3 clearance and total @entity1 , and those 2 values appeared to have little effects on @entity6 excretion. 4. The administration of @entity6 at 4 g/day for less than 3 weeks had no effects on the renal function. As a result of this study, @entity6 was found to have little undesirable effect on renal functions and to be a useful drug for the treatment of @entity4 in elderly @entity0 .

title: [Clinical effectiveness of @entity5 for @entity4 of elderly XXXX , focusing on its safety on renal function].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The clinical effectiveness and safety of @entity4 ( @entity4 , RU), a new macrolide antibiotic, were compared with those of @entity3 (JM) using a double-blind method in the treatment of @entity1 . The diseases covered in this study were periodontal @entity1 , pericoronal @entity1 and @entity2 of @entity0 . Drugs were administered for 3 to 7 days at daily doses of 300 mg (RU) and 1,200 mg (JM). A total of 270 cases was evaluated in this study. Results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The clinical efficacy was evaluated through the judgement of doctors in charge of 247 cases (128 in the RU group and 119 in the JM group) and by a committee on the 3rd day of treatment in 243 cases (126 in the RU group and 117 in the JM group). Clinical efficacy rates according to the committee judgement were 78.6% for the RU group and 82.1% for the JM group. As for the evaluation through the doctors' judgement, they were 79.7% for the RU group and 73.1% for the JM group. There was no significant difference in clinical effectiveness between 2 groups according to these 2 methods of judgement. 2. Some side effects were observed in 4 cases (2.9% out of 136) treated with RU and in 3 cases (2.4% out of 126) treated with JM. No severe symptoms were observed. Abnormal changes in laboratory test values were noted among 7.9% in the RU group and 4.0% in the JM group. There were no significant differences in their safety between the 2 groups. 3. In terms of clinical usefulness, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups as well. From these results, it has been concluded that RU (daily dose 300 mg) is as effective as JM (daily dose 1,200 mg) in the treatment of @entity1 .

title: [Clinical evaluation of XXXX in odontogenic infection].

answer: @entity4


abstract: An essential problem in the diagnosis of @entity6 is still the evaluation of the type and severity of the @entity5 . For a differential classification of @entity5 , we developed an electronic axiography system which facilitates a recording of lower @entity2 . It works 3-dimensionally and relates to the joints. The measuring system, which was internationally patented, is based on a linear resistive foil for the sagittal plane and an inductive gauge for the horizontal plane. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the usefulness of our electronic axiography system in obtaining a differential diagnosis of @entity6 . We examined 30 @entity0 (60 joints) with complaints in the @entity4 area ( @entity3 and @entity4 sounds). Clinical examinations yielded only uncertain indications of @entity5 . With the help of electronic axiography we could differentiate the @entity5 into microtrauma and macrotrauma. Both forms may show a loss of function and an audible @entity4 clicking. 23 joints had a macrotrauma (disk displacement with reduction, 20 times; disk displacement without reduction, 3 times). In 8 joints, a microtrauma was found. 3 joints showed a subluxation. In 4 uncertain cases, the diagnosis was confirmed with the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All @entity0 with a diagnosed @entity1 received adequate treatment with reposition splints. Our initial results show that 3-dimensional electronic axiography can be a good aid in further characterization of @entity6 and permits an effective therapy.

title: XXXX --comparative investigations with clinical examination and electronic axiography.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Reactive @entity1 species (ROS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of chemically induced @entity6 . We have investigated the effects of @entity4 , @entity10 ( @entity9 ), and @entity12 ( @entity11 ) on: (1) enhanced production of ROS including @entity2 anion and @entity7 radicals, (2) modulation of intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and (3) DNA fragmentation, indices of oxidative tissue, and DNA damage in a primary culture of normal @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which were isolated and cultured from @entity5 -negative endoscopic biopsies from @entity0 subjects. The induction of ROS and DNA damage in these cells following exposure to @entity4 (15%), @entity9 (150 mM) and @entity11 (150 mM) were assessed by @entity8 reduction ( @entity2 anion production), HPLC detection for enhanced production of @entity7 radicals, changes in intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and DNA damage by quantitating DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, the protective ability of @entity13 (BSS) was assessed at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter. Incubation of @entity3 with @entity4 , HCI, and @entity11 increased @entity2 anion production by approximately 8.0-, 6.1-and 7.1-fold and increased @entity7 radical production by 13.3-, 9.6-, and 8.9-fold, respectively, compared to the untreated gastric cells. Incubation of @entity3 with @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity11 increased DNA fragmentation by approximately 6.7-, 4.3-, and 4.8-fold, respectively. Approximately 20.3-, 17.5-, and 13.1-fold increases in fluorescence intensities were observed following incubation of gastric cells with @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity11 , respectively, demonstrating dramatic changes in the intracellular oxidized states of @entity3 following exposure to these necrotizing agents. Preincubation of @entity3 with 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter of BSS decreased @entity4 -induced increases in intracellular oxidized states in these cells by 36%, 56%, and 66%, respectively, demonstrating a concentration-dependent protective ability by BSS. Similar results were observed with respect to BSS in terms of @entity2 anion and @entity7 radical production, and DNA damage. The present study demonstrates that @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity11 induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in @entity3 and that BSS can significantly attenuate @entity6 by scavenging these ROS.

title: Mechanism of gastroprotection by @entity13 against chemically induced oxidative stress in cultured @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Reactive @entity1 species (ROS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of chemically induced @entity6 . We have investigated the effects of @entity4 , @entity10 ( @entity9 ), and @entity12 ( @entity11 ) on: (1) enhanced production of ROS including @entity2 anion and @entity7 radicals, (2) modulation of intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and (3) DNA fragmentation, indices of oxidative tissue, and DNA damage in a primary culture of normal @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which were isolated and cultured from @entity5 -negative endoscopic biopsies from @entity0 subjects. The induction of ROS and DNA damage in these cells following exposure to @entity4 (15%), @entity9 (150 mM) and @entity11 (150 mM) were assessed by @entity8 reduction ( @entity2 anion production), HPLC detection for enhanced production of @entity7 radicals, changes in intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and DNA damage by quantitating DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, the protective ability of @entity13 (BSS) was assessed at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter. Incubation of @entity3 with @entity4 , HCI, and @entity11 increased @entity2 anion production by approximately 8.0-, 6.1-and 7.1-fold and increased @entity7 radical production by 13.3-, 9.6-, and 8.9-fold, respectively, compared to the untreated gastric cells. Incubation of @entity3 with @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity11 increased DNA fragmentation by approximately 6.7-, 4.3-, and 4.8-fold, respectively. Approximately 20.3-, 17.5-, and 13.1-fold increases in fluorescence intensities were observed following incubation of gastric cells with @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity11 , respectively, demonstrating dramatic changes in the intracellular oxidized states of @entity3 following exposure to these necrotizing agents. Preincubation of @entity3 with 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter of BSS decreased @entity4 -induced increases in intracellular oxidized states in these cells by 36%, 56%, and 66%, respectively, demonstrating a concentration-dependent protective ability by BSS. Similar results were observed with respect to BSS in terms of @entity2 anion and @entity7 radical production, and DNA damage. The present study demonstrates that @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity11 induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in @entity3 and that BSS can significantly attenuate @entity6 by scavenging these ROS.

title: Mechanism of gastroprotection by XXXX against chemically induced oxidative stress in cultured @entity0 @entity3 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: Reactive @entity1 species (ROS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of chemically induced @entity6 . We have investigated the effects of @entity4 , @entity10 ( @entity9 ), and @entity12 ( @entity11 ) on: (1) enhanced production of ROS including @entity2 anion and @entity7 radicals, (2) modulation of intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and (3) DNA fragmentation, indices of oxidative tissue, and DNA damage in a primary culture of normal @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which were isolated and cultured from @entity5 -negative endoscopic biopsies from @entity0 subjects. The induction of ROS and DNA damage in these cells following exposure to @entity4 (15%), @entity9 (150 mM) and @entity11 (150 mM) were assessed by @entity8 reduction ( @entity2 anion production), HPLC detection for enhanced production of @entity7 radicals, changes in intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and DNA damage by quantitating DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, the protective ability of @entity13 (BSS) was assessed at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter. Incubation of @entity3 with @entity4 , HCI, and @entity11 increased @entity2 anion production by approximately 8.0-, 6.1-and 7.1-fold and increased @entity7 radical production by 13.3-, 9.6-, and 8.9-fold, respectively, compared to the untreated gastric cells. Incubation of @entity3 with @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity11 increased DNA fragmentation by approximately 6.7-, 4.3-, and 4.8-fold, respectively. Approximately 20.3-, 17.5-, and 13.1-fold increases in fluorescence intensities were observed following incubation of gastric cells with @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity11 , respectively, demonstrating dramatic changes in the intracellular oxidized states of @entity3 following exposure to these necrotizing agents. Preincubation of @entity3 with 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter of BSS decreased @entity4 -induced increases in intracellular oxidized states in these cells by 36%, 56%, and 66%, respectively, demonstrating a concentration-dependent protective ability by BSS. Similar results were observed with respect to BSS in terms of @entity2 anion and @entity7 radical production, and DNA damage. The present study demonstrates that @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity11 induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in @entity3 and that BSS can significantly attenuate @entity6 by scavenging these ROS.

title: Mechanism of gastroprotection by @entity13 against chemically induced oxidative stress in cultured XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging technology which can perform high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of the internal microstructure of biological tissues. OCT is analogous to ultrasound, except that it measures the intensity of back-reflected infrared light rather than sound waves. OCT performs two- and three-dimensional imaging of tissue microstructure in situ and in real time. It can achieve image resolutions approaching the cellular level over approximately the same imaging depths as a conventional biopsy. In this article we examine the feasibility of OCT for high-resolution imaging of @entity2 with ex-vivo imaging of normal and pathologic microstructures. Tissue, both normal and neoplastic, was obtained from @entity0 undergoing surgical resection after an initial diagnosis of a @entity2 . The tissue samples were imaged prior to fixation using a laboratory OCT system. The OCT system consists of a fiber optic-based Michelson interferometer, a commercially available amplified superluminscent light source, and a computer for data acquisition. The images were subsequently compared with histological cross-sections corresponding to the imaged areas. The stratified squamous epithelium of the normal esophagus was clearly visible in the OCT images and contrasted to the disorganized and non-uniform nature of the mucosal layers of @entity3 and @entity5 . The columnar epithelial morphology as well as other mucosal structures in normal colon were distinctly visible using OCT. In contrast, disorganization of the normal mucosal layers and @entity6 were identified in tissues from @entity1 and @entity4 . The ability of OCT to image tissue microstructure at high resolutions makes it a potentially powerful technology for minimally invasive assessment of the gastrointestinal tract and the evaluation of early neoplastic changes.

title: Feasibility of optical coherence tomography for high-resolution imaging of XXXX gastrointestinal tract malignancies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Given the gradual progression observed in @entity2 , organization of care in multidisciplinary consultations is essential for optimal management of the different aspects of the disease. Drawing up a care plan is always preceded by a specific consultation for the announcement of the diagnosis with both the parents and the @entity0 . Explaining to the @entity0 the origin of his problems with simple words, telling him that why he experienced a particular symptom has been understood, is a fundamental step. The @entity0 needs to receive the information at different times of the disease following the rhythms of the disease stages, with an appropriate lead time. With the progress achieved in managing this disease, more than 90% of these @entity0 now live into adulthood. The switch from pediatric consultations to adult consultations, marking the transition from childhood management at adulthood, is a major challenge in the organization of care. Although today @entity1 occurs most often in adulthood, some @entity0 die in childhood. For the majority of teams who care for @entity0 , whatever the initial pathology may be, the notion of care continuity and accompaniment from the announcement of the disease to the terminal phase is essential. Increasing numbers of therapeutic trials have been developed over the past few years aiming to investigate @entity0 with @entity2 . However, they must not neglect the overall management of these @entity0 and provide the best accompaniment possible.

title: [Principles of multidisciplinary management of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Differentiation of @entity0 skeletal muscle satellite cells was studied in vitro. @entity3 and insulin, two unrelated compounds that reportedly stimulate differentiation of other types of myogenic cells, were used to examine the regulation of differentiation in satellite cell cultures. As in cultures of @entity2 embryo muscle cells, @entity3 stimulated fusion but only at low serum concentrations or in defined medium without @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The effects of insulin on differentiation were quite variable, however; at very low cell densities no stimulatory effect was observed. In intermediate and, to a lesser extent, high density satellite cell cultures, the addition of insulin at concentrations between .01 and 1.0 microM stimulated satellite cell fusion. Whenever @entity1 were observed, however, a parallel increase in cell number was also found. A closer examination of the relationship between differentiation and the presence or absence of mitogenic agents in the medium suggested that a mitogenic signal and the resultant proliferation of cells prevented differentiation. Subsequent experiments indicated that fusion could be induced by lower serum concentration or by removal of @entity4 , as long as @entity3 was present in the medium. Therefore, proliferation and differentiation appear to be antagonistic processes in cultured satellite cells. If the rate of proliferation is depressed, either by mitogen removal or by increasing cell density, differentiation is favored. Differentiation can, therefore, be regulated and applied to in vitro studies of satellite cell activity.

title: Effect of insulin and XXXX on satellite cell differentiation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several studies have reported clinical and biological differences between early- and late-onset(EO and LO) @entity3 , which suggest different underlying aetiological processes. The aim of the present study is to examine whether there are differences between EO and LO @entity3 @entity0 with melancholy, controlling for current age, with regard to clinical variables, vascular risk factors and family history of affective disorders or suicide. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one melancholic @entity0 were divided into three groups: @entity0 with current age and onset earlier than 60 (N = 60), @entity0 aged 60 or over and with onset at 60 or later(N = 30) and @entity0 aged 60 or over and with onset before the age of 60 (N = 31). Systematic clinical data were collected with the structured interview    The Schedule for @entity4 and @entity2   . Symptom ratings at admission and at discharge were assessed by means of the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Widl  cher Depression Retardation Scale. Family history of affective disorders or suicide was obtained using the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria. Vascular risk factors were also recorded. RESULTS: The only symptoms that differed across the groups were feelings of anger and @entity1 , which scored lower in the LO older group. No other significant differences were found in the variables studied. CONCLUSION: According to this study, LO @entity3 with @entity3 should not be considered as a distinct entity. Further studies on EO and LO- @entity3 should consider this diagnostic subtype, among others, as a key variable.

title: Early- and late-onset XXXX in the older: no differences found within the melancholic subtype.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) constitutes most primary central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 (PCNSL), whereas T-cell, low-grade and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are rarely encountered. Due to the paucity of cases, little is known about the clinical features and treatment outcomes of PCNSL other than @entity6 . The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes for @entity0 with PCNSL other than @entity6 . Fifteen @entity0 , newly diagnosed with PCNSLs other than @entity6 between 2000 and 2010, were included. The male to female ratio was 0.67:1 with a median age of diagnosis of 31 years (range 18-59). Pathologic distributions were as follows: @entity8 ( @entity8 ; n=7), @entity6 ( @entity6 ; n=1), @entity3 ( @entity3 ; n=2), @entity7 (n=1), other unspecified (T-cell lineage, n=2; B-cell lineage, n=2). Thirteen @entity0 (87%) showed Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG PS) 1-2. The remaining two were one @entity8 @entity0 and one @entity7 @entity0 . Of the nine @entity0 with @entity4 , five (56%) had @entity1 , and one (20%) with @entity3 of the five @entity0 with @entity6 showed a single lesion. @entity9 was identified in two @entity0 (one with @entity7 and one with unspecified @entity6 ). Two @entity0 (22%) with @entity4 died 7.7 and 23.3 months later, respectively, due to disease progression, despite HD- @entity5 -based therapy. Six @entity0 with @entity4 (6/9, 66.7%) and four @entity0 with low-grade @entity6 (4/5, 80%) achieved complete response and have survived without relapse (Table 3). One @entity0 with @entity7 showed poor clinical features with ECOG PS 3, deep structure, multifocal, and @entity9 , and died 7.6 months after the initiation of treatment. In comparison with previously reported DLBCLs (median OS 6.4 years, 95% CI 3.7-9.1 years), @entity4 showed equivocal or favorable clinical outcomes and low-grade @entity6 , such as @entity6 and @entity3 , had a good prognosis. However, primary CNS @entity7 presented poor clinical outcomes and showed a comparatively aggressive clinical course. In conclusion, primary @entity2 other than @entity6 occurred more in younger @entity0 and showed a generally good prognosis, except for @entity7 . Further research on treatment strategies for @entity7 is needed.

title: Primary @entity2 other than XXXX : a descriptive analysis of clinical features and treatment outcomes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) constitutes most primary central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 (PCNSL), whereas T-cell, low-grade and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are rarely encountered. Due to the paucity of cases, little is known about the clinical features and treatment outcomes of PCNSL other than @entity6 . The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes for @entity0 with PCNSL other than @entity6 . Fifteen @entity0 , newly diagnosed with PCNSLs other than @entity6 between 2000 and 2010, were included. The male to female ratio was 0.67:1 with a median age of diagnosis of 31 years (range 18-59). Pathologic distributions were as follows: @entity8 ( @entity8 ; n=7), @entity6 ( @entity6 ; n=1), @entity3 ( @entity3 ; n=2), @entity7 (n=1), other unspecified (T-cell lineage, n=2; B-cell lineage, n=2). Thirteen @entity0 (87%) showed Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG PS) 1-2. The remaining two were one @entity8 @entity0 and one @entity7 @entity0 . Of the nine @entity0 with @entity4 , five (56%) had @entity1 , and one (20%) with @entity3 of the five @entity0 with @entity6 showed a single lesion. @entity9 was identified in two @entity0 (one with @entity7 and one with unspecified @entity6 ). Two @entity0 (22%) with @entity4 died 7.7 and 23.3 months later, respectively, due to disease progression, despite HD- @entity5 -based therapy. Six @entity0 with @entity4 (6/9, 66.7%) and four @entity0 with low-grade @entity6 (4/5, 80%) achieved complete response and have survived without relapse (Table 3). One @entity0 with @entity7 showed poor clinical features with ECOG PS 3, deep structure, multifocal, and @entity9 , and died 7.6 months after the initiation of treatment. In comparison with previously reported DLBCLs (median OS 6.4 years, 95% CI 3.7-9.1 years), @entity4 showed equivocal or favorable clinical outcomes and low-grade @entity6 , such as @entity6 and @entity3 , had a good prognosis. However, primary CNS @entity7 presented poor clinical outcomes and showed a comparatively aggressive clinical course. In conclusion, primary @entity2 other than @entity6 occurred more in younger @entity0 and showed a generally good prognosis, except for @entity7 . Further research on treatment strategies for @entity7 is needed.

title: Primary XXXX other than @entity6 : a descriptive analysis of clinical features and treatment outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The risk of @entity2 in individuals with rare compound @entity1 , homozygous @entity5 ( @entity5 ) plus heterozygous prothrombin @entity6 (PTM), homozygous PTM plus heterozygous @entity5 , and homozygous @entity5 plus homozygous PTM, is unknown. We identified, worldwide, individuals with these compound @entity1 , predominantly through mailing members of the International Society on @entity2 and Haemostasis. Physicians were sent a clinical questionnaire. Confirmatory copies of the genetic results were obtained. One hundred individuals were enrolled; 58% were female. Seventy-one individuals had a @entity1 (includes superficial and deep vein @entity2 , and @entity3 ), 4 had an arterial @entity2 and 6 had both. Nineteen individuals had never had a @entity2 event. @entity2 -free survival curves demonstrated that 50% of individuals had experienced a @entity2 event by 35 yrs of age, while 50% had a first @entity4 ( @entity4 ; includes all @entity1 except superficial @entity2 ) by 41 yrs of age; 38.2% of first VTEs were unprovoked. 37% of @entity0 had at least one @entity4 recurrence. Seventy percent of first pregnancies carried to term and not treated with anticoagulation were @entity2 -free. In conclusion, @entity0 with these rare compound @entity1 are not exceedingly thrombogenic, even though they have a substantial risk for @entity4 .

title: Thrombophilic risk of individuals with rare compound XXXX and prothrombin @entity6 polymorphisms: an international case series of 100 individuals.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The risk of @entity2 in individuals with rare compound @entity1 , homozygous @entity5 ( @entity5 ) plus heterozygous prothrombin @entity6 (PTM), homozygous PTM plus heterozygous @entity5 , and homozygous @entity5 plus homozygous PTM, is unknown. We identified, worldwide, individuals with these compound @entity1 , predominantly through mailing members of the International Society on @entity2 and Haemostasis. Physicians were sent a clinical questionnaire. Confirmatory copies of the genetic results were obtained. One hundred individuals were enrolled; 58% were female. Seventy-one individuals had a @entity1 (includes superficial and deep vein @entity2 , and @entity3 ), 4 had an arterial @entity2 and 6 had both. Nineteen individuals had never had a @entity2 event. @entity2 -free survival curves demonstrated that 50% of individuals had experienced a @entity2 event by 35 yrs of age, while 50% had a first @entity4 ( @entity4 ; includes all @entity1 except superficial @entity2 ) by 41 yrs of age; 38.2% of first VTEs were unprovoked. 37% of @entity0 had at least one @entity4 recurrence. Seventy percent of first pregnancies carried to term and not treated with anticoagulation were @entity2 -free. In conclusion, @entity0 with these rare compound @entity1 are not exceedingly thrombogenic, even though they have a substantial risk for @entity4 .

title: Thrombophilic risk of individuals with rare compound @entity5 and prothrombin XXXX polymorphisms: an international case series of 100 individuals.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the possibility to arrest occlusal @entity1 in adults by sealant as well as to assess the presence of radiographic progression, arrest, and regression of the sealed lesions. Seventy-two occlusal @entity1 in 52 adult @entity0 referred to restorative treatment by senior lecturers at School of Dentistry, Copenhagen, Denmark were included. In case the @entity0 had more than one occlusal caries lesion, randomization between sealing and restoration was made; otherwise, the lesion was sealed. In total, 60 resin sealants and 12 composite restorations were made. Follow-up period was 25-38  months (mean   =   33  months). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics including kappa statistics. After 2-3  years, the dropout rate was 15%; two @entity0 did not show up for control and nine previously sealed lesions were restored by the @entity0 ' general practitioners. All 12 restorations and 39 of the remaining 49 sealants were well functioning, seven (14%) sealants were repaired/replaced due to failure, and three (6%) sealed lesions were restored due to caries progression (p   >   0.05). The radiographic assessment showed caries progression beneath five (10%) sealants, caries regression beneath one (2%) sealant, and unchanged depth beneath 43 (88%) sealants and all restorations (p   >   0.05). The majority of the referred lesions were successfully arrested by sealants, indicating the possibility for extending the criteria for sealing occlusal @entity1 in adults. However, a longer observation period is needed for final conclusion. Extending the criteria of therapeutic sealing of occlusal @entity1 in adults will lead to increased dental health.

title: Sealing occlusal XXXX in adults referred for restorative treatment: 2-3 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To correlate @entity0 ' satisfaction and dentists' observations regarding two abutment designs used for single crowns in the esthetic zone: a divergent one (control) and a curved one (experimental), with special emphasis on muco-gingival esthetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 with nonadjacent missing teeth in the esthetic zone were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial (within-subject comparison). Two implants placed in each were restored using abutments of different geometry. @entity0 ' appreciation was assessed on a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by recording answers to three questions, and dentists' appreciation was determined by means of the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) at T0 (crown cementation, baseline) and at T12 (1 year post-cementation). ANOVA with post hoc analysis was used to identify differences between groups and at different moments in time. Pearson correlations were calculated between all variables, both at T0 and at T12. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found at any time between the control and experimental abutment design, either for the PES or for the @entity1 score. PES slightly improved after 1 year, as did the @entity1 rating related to functioning with the implant-crown compared to the natural teeth. All PES and @entity1 scores demonstrated highly significant correlation. Both @entity0 satisfaction and professional appreciation of muco-gingival conditions after single implant treatment in the esthetic zone were high; however, the curved, experimental abutment design performed no better than the conventional, divergent type. CONCLUSION: Curved abutment design does not significantly impact crown or gingival esthetics as assessed by PES and @entity1 scored by dentists and @entity0 , respectively.

title: Esthetic Evaluation of Anterior Single-Tooth Implants with Different Abutment Designs- XXXX ' Satisfaction Compared to Dentists' Observations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Current guidelines include both induction therapy plus an operation and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as options for clinical stage IIIA (cIIIA) @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after multidisciplinary evaluation. We explored the use of operations for cIIIA @entity2 in the Netherlands. METHODS: Data about the primary treatment of @entity0 with cIIIA @entity2 (according to the seventh edition of the @entity1 , Node, and Metastasis Classification of @entity1 ) between 2010 and 2013 were extracted from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Mortality information was obtained from the automated civil registry. RESULTS: A total of 4816 @entity0 with cIIIA @entity2 (stage cN2, 3240 [67%]; stage T4, 1252 [26%]) were identified. CRT was used in 45% of @entity0 and an operation was a component of treatment in 15%, with 28% of the latter having induction therapy. The 4-year survival rate was highest with induction therapy plus an operation (51%), followed by an operation plus adjuvant therapy (39%) and CRT (27%). @entity0 receiving induction therapy plus an operation were younger than those receiving CRT (median age 60 versus 66 years). The 30- and 90-day postoperative mortality rates after induction therapy plus lobectomy were 0.6% and 3.7% compared with 4.2% and 12.5% after induction therapy plus bilobectomy or pneumonectomy. Factors associated with poorer survival after induction therapy plus an operation were age older than 69 years, histological findings of @entity3 , and bilobectomy or pneumonectomy. Pathological stage IIIA @entity2 was present in only 51% of @entity0 with cIIIA @entity2 who underwent an operation with or without adjuvant therapy, and the disease was of a lower stage in most of the remaining @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: In the Netherlands between 2010 and 2013, 15% of @entity0 with cIIIA @entity2 received an operation, with the minority of these @entity0 receiving induction therapy. In those receiving induction therapy, 90-day mortality after bilobectomy or pneumonectomy was more than three times higher than that for lobectomy. The discrepancy between clinical and pathological stage in @entity0 receiving an upfront operation merits further investigation.

title: Population-Based Patterns of Surgical Care for Stage IIIA XXXX in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2013.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity4 and @entity8 (GEMOX) has yielded among the longest progression-free survival durations in @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). We postulated that adding bevacizumab would increase the effectiveness of GEMOX. METHODS: Eligible @entity0 had stage III or IV @entity7 , ECOG PS 0-2, and no prior @entity4 . Treatment included 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenous @entity4 over 100 min on day 1, 10 mg/kg intravenous bevacizumab on day 1, and 100 mg/m(2) @entity8 given on day 2. Cycles were repeated every 2 weeks. CT imaging was performed every 6 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 were enrolled: 14 had @entity1 , the remainder stage IV. Median age was 59 years. Fourty-five @entity0 were ECOG 0-1. The grade 3-4 @entity5 rate was 94%; fatigue (47%) and @entity6 (40%) were frequent. One @entity0 died after a bowel perforation; a second died of a @entity2 . The median PFS was 4.9 months; median survival was 11.9 months; 1 year survival was 42%. Locally advanced @entity0 lived 12.8 months; metastatic @entity0 lived 10.2 months. @entity0 developing grade 3 @entity3 were more likely to have a radiologic response (P = .012); survival among the top and bottom quintiles of @entity3 was 14.7 and 6.2 months, respectively. Survival correlated with baseline CA 19-9 (P = .004) and radiologic response. The overall response rate was 36%; 34% demonstrated stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: The GEMOX/bevacizumab regimen demonstrated an excellent median overall survival but did not meet our objective of a 14 month median survival. @entity5 was significant. We do not recommend further evaluation of this regimen.

title: Bevacizumab plus @entity4 and @entity8 as first-line therapy for metastatic or locally XXXX : a phase II trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity4 and @entity8 (GEMOX) has yielded among the longest progression-free survival durations in @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). We postulated that adding bevacizumab would increase the effectiveness of GEMOX. METHODS: Eligible @entity0 had stage III or IV @entity7 , ECOG PS 0-2, and no prior @entity4 . Treatment included 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenous @entity4 over 100 min on day 1, 10 mg/kg intravenous bevacizumab on day 1, and 100 mg/m(2) @entity8 given on day 2. Cycles were repeated every 2 weeks. CT imaging was performed every 6 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 were enrolled: 14 had @entity1 , the remainder stage IV. Median age was 59 years. Fourty-five @entity0 were ECOG 0-1. The grade 3-4 @entity5 rate was 94%; fatigue (47%) and @entity6 (40%) were frequent. One @entity0 died after a bowel perforation; a second died of a @entity2 . The median PFS was 4.9 months; median survival was 11.9 months; 1 year survival was 42%. Locally advanced @entity0 lived 12.8 months; metastatic @entity0 lived 10.2 months. @entity0 developing grade 3 @entity3 were more likely to have a radiologic response (P = .012); survival among the top and bottom quintiles of @entity3 was 14.7 and 6.2 months, respectively. Survival correlated with baseline CA 19-9 (P = .004) and radiologic response. The overall response rate was 36%; 34% demonstrated stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: The GEMOX/bevacizumab regimen demonstrated an excellent median overall survival but did not meet our objective of a 14 month median survival. @entity5 was significant. We do not recommend further evaluation of this regimen.

title: Bevacizumab plus @entity4 and XXXX as first-line therapy for metastatic or locally @entity7 : a phase II trial.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity4 and @entity8 (GEMOX) has yielded among the longest progression-free survival durations in @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). We postulated that adding bevacizumab would increase the effectiveness of GEMOX. METHODS: Eligible @entity0 had stage III or IV @entity7 , ECOG PS 0-2, and no prior @entity4 . Treatment included 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenous @entity4 over 100 min on day 1, 10 mg/kg intravenous bevacizumab on day 1, and 100 mg/m(2) @entity8 given on day 2. Cycles were repeated every 2 weeks. CT imaging was performed every 6 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 were enrolled: 14 had @entity1 , the remainder stage IV. Median age was 59 years. Fourty-five @entity0 were ECOG 0-1. The grade 3-4 @entity5 rate was 94%; fatigue (47%) and @entity6 (40%) were frequent. One @entity0 died after a bowel perforation; a second died of a @entity2 . The median PFS was 4.9 months; median survival was 11.9 months; 1 year survival was 42%. Locally advanced @entity0 lived 12.8 months; metastatic @entity0 lived 10.2 months. @entity0 developing grade 3 @entity3 were more likely to have a radiologic response (P = .012); survival among the top and bottom quintiles of @entity3 was 14.7 and 6.2 months, respectively. Survival correlated with baseline CA 19-9 (P = .004) and radiologic response. The overall response rate was 36%; 34% demonstrated stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: The GEMOX/bevacizumab regimen demonstrated an excellent median overall survival but did not meet our objective of a 14 month median survival. @entity5 was significant. We do not recommend further evaluation of this regimen.

title: Bevacizumab plus XXXX and @entity8 as first-line therapy for metastatic or locally @entity7 : a phase II trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Fontan procedure has been used since 1971 as a palliative treatment for various (functionally) univentricular hearts. The systemic venous blood flows passively to the pulmonary arteries, without passing through a functional ventricle. This results in chronic @entity3 , which may lead to liver @entity0 , @entity0 and @entity2 . This review discusses possible screening modalities for liver @entity0 and @entity0 in the Fontan population and proposes a screening protocol. We suggest starting screening for progression of @entity0 and @entity0 in collaboration with the hepatologist circa 10years after Fontan completion. The screening programme will consist of a yearly evaluation of liver laboratory tests in conjunction with imaging of the liver with ultrasound or MRI every two years. In case of liver @entity0 or @entity0 , (reversible) causes should be ruled out (e.g. obstruction in the Fontan circuit). In case of severe @entity0 or @entity0 , other complications of portal @entity1 should be evaluated and screening for @entity2 is required on a regular (6-12months) basis. As regards @entity2 , treatment should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team, before deciding a treatment modality.

title: Three cases of XXXX in Fontan patients: Review of the literature and suggestions for hepatic screening.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a highly prevalent disorder which is usually considered as differentially experienced depending on gender. Behavioral theories of @entity2 pinpoint the importance of the behavioral avoidance in the maintenance of @entity2 . However, little is known about the specific impact of the behavioral avoidance and activation on each depressive symptom as well as on gender differences on the behavioral features of @entity2 . METHODS: This study's aim was two-fold: (1) to assess the presence of gender differences on the BDI-II; (2) to investigate the respective predictive value of behavioral avoidance and of behavioral activation on each depressive symptom assessed by the BDI-II depending on gender. Community adults and adults attending mental healthcare composed the sample. RESULTS: Results showed differences in symptomatology profiles depending on gender (e.g. higher scores of sadness, self-criticalness in @entity0 , higher scores of past @entity1 and @entity3 in @entity0 ). Behavioral avoidance positively predicted almost all @entity2 in @entity0 and in @entity0 while behavioral activation negatively predicted almost all symptoms in both gender. Nevertheless, the strengths of these relationships were different for some symptoms (e.g. pessimism). LIMITATIONS: The use of self-report instruments; the lack of assessment of causal or precipitating factors of the depressive symptomatology; the higher number of @entity0 in the sample. CONCLUSIONS: Results are discussed with respect to previous findings and present clinical implications: (1) to underline the relevance of the combination of gender-specific assessment tools; (2) to highlight the need of tailored psychological intervention.

title: XXXX symptomatology and the influence of the behavioral avoidance and activation: A gender-specific investigation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing diverse bottom-up estimations of direct costs associated with @entity3 in Germany motivated a detailed @entity0 -level analysis of @entity3 -related treatment (DRT), -costs (DRC) and Comorbidity. METHODS: A large sickness fund's claims data was used to retrospectively identify @entity0 aged 18-65 years with new-onset @entity3 treatment between January 1st and February 15th 2010, and follow them until December 31st 2010, describe DRT, estimate associated DRC, and predict DRC with a generalised linear model. RESULTS: A total of 18,139 @entity0 were analysed. Mean direct DRC were    783. Predictors of DRC regarding @entity1 comorbidities were: "Delusion, @entity7 and @entity8 " (DRC-ratio 1.72), " @entity2 /drug addiction" (1.82), "abuse of @entity2 /drugs" (1.57). Predictors of DRC regarding medical comorbidities were: " @entity4 " (0.77), " @entity6 " (0.65), "pregnancy" (0.66), and " @entity5 " (1.87). Of all @entity0 , 60.8% received their most intense/specialised DRT from a general practitioner, a medical specialist (23.7%), a psychotherapist (8.0%), a medical specialist and psychotherapist (2.9%), or in hospital (4.6%). Serious @entity1 comorbidity nearly tripled @entity3 -related hospitalisation rates. LIMITATIONS: @entity9 and missing @entity1 outpatient clinic data must be considered. CONCLUSIONS: Estimated DRC are significantly below the assessment of the German national guideline. Differing definitions of observation period and cost attribution might explain differing German DRC results. Signs of @entity1 bias indicate overestimation of hospital DRC. Identified associations of DRC with certain medical diseases in older adults warrant further research. Up to one quarter of @entity0 with severe @entity3 diagnosis might lack specialist treatment.

title: XXXX -related treatment and costs in Germany: Do they change with comorbidity? A claims data analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Local recurrence (LR) after radical cystectomy (RC) for @entity3 has a bad prognosis. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgical excision, but few data is available on the advantages of surgery for these @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We evaluated our series of 8 selected @entity0 who underwent surgery for locally recurrent @entity3 after RC. RESULTS: The median time to recurrence after cystectomy was 20.8 months. The complications rate and severity were not negligible. Pathology report confirmed @entity4 with negative margins in all @entity0 . After LR treatment, 4 @entity0 recurred locally for a second time and 3 developed distant @entity1 . They all died after a median follow-up of 10.4 months. One @entity0 remained disease free after 14 months. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity0 with LR is poor regardless of surgical treatment and reflects the aggressive biological nature of @entity2 .

title: The Role of Surgery in Local Recurrences after Radical Cystectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: B cell-activation factor ( @entity6 ) is critical for B cell maturation. Inhibition of @entity6 represents an appealing target for desensitization of sensitized @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . We conducted a Phase 2a, single-arm, open-label exploratory study investigating the effect of tabalumab ( @entity6 inhibitor) in @entity0 with @entity3 and calculated panel reactive antibodies (cPRAs) >50%. The treatment period duration was 24 weeks. Eighteen @entity0 received tabalumab, at doses of 240-mg subcutaneous (SC) at Week 0 followed by 120-mg SC monthly for 5 additional months. @entity0 were followed for an additional 52 weeks. Immunopharmacologic effects were characterized through analysis of blood for HLA antibodies, @entity6 concentrations, immunoglobulins, T and B cell subsets, as well as pre- and posttreatment tonsil and bone marrow biopsies. Significant reductions in cPRAs were observed at Weeks 16 (p   =   0.043) and 36 (p   =   0.004); however, absolute reductions were small (<5%). Expected pharmacologic changes in B cell subsets and immunoglobulin reductions were observed. Two tabalumab-related serious adverse events occurred ( @entity1 , worsening of @entity5 ), while the most common other adverse events were injection-site @entity2 and @entity4 . Three @entity0 received matched deceased donor transplants during follow-up. Treatment with a @entity6 inhibitor resulted in statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful reduction in the cPRA from baseline (NCT01200290, Clinicaltrials.gov).

title: Effect of Treatment With Tabalumab, a B Cell-Activating Factor Inhibitor, on Highly Sensitized @entity0 With XXXX Awaiting Transplantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: B cell-activation factor ( @entity6 ) is critical for B cell maturation. Inhibition of @entity6 represents an appealing target for desensitization of sensitized @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . We conducted a Phase 2a, single-arm, open-label exploratory study investigating the effect of tabalumab ( @entity6 inhibitor) in @entity0 with @entity3 and calculated panel reactive antibodies (cPRAs) >50%. The treatment period duration was 24 weeks. Eighteen @entity0 received tabalumab, at doses of 240-mg subcutaneous (SC) at Week 0 followed by 120-mg SC monthly for 5 additional months. @entity0 were followed for an additional 52 weeks. Immunopharmacologic effects were characterized through analysis of blood for HLA antibodies, @entity6 concentrations, immunoglobulins, T and B cell subsets, as well as pre- and posttreatment tonsil and bone marrow biopsies. Significant reductions in cPRAs were observed at Weeks 16 (p   =   0.043) and 36 (p   =   0.004); however, absolute reductions were small (<5%). Expected pharmacologic changes in B cell subsets and immunoglobulin reductions were observed. Two tabalumab-related serious adverse events occurred ( @entity1 , worsening of @entity5 ), while the most common other adverse events were injection-site @entity2 and @entity4 . Three @entity0 received matched deceased donor transplants during follow-up. Treatment with a @entity6 inhibitor resulted in statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful reduction in the cPRA from baseline (NCT01200290, Clinicaltrials.gov).

title: Effect of Treatment With Tabalumab, a B Cell-Activating Factor Inhibitor, on Highly Sensitized XXXX With @entity3 Awaiting Transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sixty-three virus isolates were obtained by inoculation of Vero cells with sera from 50 hospital in- @entity0 in Liberia with acute febrile illnesses. 57 of the isolates were presumptively identified as @entity2 (LV) by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining of inoculated Vero cells. These, and six additional isolates obtained only by titration of supernatant fluids from inoculated Vero cells, were definitively identified as LV in a neutralization test. Two additional LV isolates were obtained from a @entity0 's sera from Nigeria. By cross-neutralization tests, the Nigerian LV strains were serologically identical to the prototype Nigerian LV strain (PP) but were distinct from both a reference LV strain from Sierra Leone (SL), and from the Liberian (LIB) strains isolated in this study. The LIB and SL strains were closely related to each other, but not to the Nigerian LV strains. LIB LV strains were tested for virulence in strain 2 and 13 @entity1 , and a spectrum of virulence was observed which correlated only approximately with disease severity for @entity0 @entity0 . Two @entity0 -lethal isolates killed all inoculated strain 2 and 13 @entity1 , whereas nine isolates from mildly ill @entity0 were benign for @entity1 . Yet some LV isolates from severely ill or lethally infected @entity0 , especially those from pregnant @entity0 and @entity0 , were totally benign for @entity1 . These data suggest that antigenically distinct LV strains exist in nature, and that antigenically indistinguishable LV isolates may differ in virulence potential for various hosts.

title: Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. III. Characterization of XXXX isolates.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fifteen @entity0 with endogenous @entity3 were treated with @entity6 and/or @entity7 . The duration of the therapy varied from 19 up to 365 days. In @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity6 (0.5-2.5 g/day) and @entity7 (0.5-1.5 g/day) seemed equally effective in reducing the @entity4 excretion (54 +/- 9 vs 40 +/- 7%). The majority of these @entity0 also showed a clinical improvement. In 1 @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity6 induced a remission. In another @entity0 with @entity10 , and in 2 with the @entity8 , the @entity4 excretion was significantly reduced by the combination of @entity6 and @entity7 but no obvious clinical improvement was observed. Side effects i.e. @entity5 and @entity1 attributed to @entity7 was seen in 3 @entity0 which necessitated the omission of treatment in 2. On @entity6 a moderate @entity9 was observed in 1 @entity0 . In conclusion both @entity6 and @entity7 were useful as adjunctive therapy in @entity3 .

title: @entity7 and XXXX in the management of @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Fifteen @entity0 with endogenous @entity3 were treated with @entity6 and/or @entity7 . The duration of the therapy varied from 19 up to 365 days. In @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity6 (0.5-2.5 g/day) and @entity7 (0.5-1.5 g/day) seemed equally effective in reducing the @entity4 excretion (54 +/- 9 vs 40 +/- 7%). The majority of these @entity0 also showed a clinical improvement. In 1 @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity6 induced a remission. In another @entity0 with @entity10 , and in 2 with the @entity8 , the @entity4 excretion was significantly reduced by the combination of @entity6 and @entity7 but no obvious clinical improvement was observed. Side effects i.e. @entity5 and @entity1 attributed to @entity7 was seen in 3 @entity0 which necessitated the omission of treatment in 2. On @entity6 a moderate @entity9 was observed in 1 @entity0 . In conclusion both @entity6 and @entity7 were useful as adjunctive therapy in @entity3 .

title: @entity7 and @entity6 in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fifteen @entity0 with endogenous @entity3 were treated with @entity6 and/or @entity7 . The duration of the therapy varied from 19 up to 365 days. In @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity6 (0.5-2.5 g/day) and @entity7 (0.5-1.5 g/day) seemed equally effective in reducing the @entity4 excretion (54 +/- 9 vs 40 +/- 7%). The majority of these @entity0 also showed a clinical improvement. In 1 @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity6 induced a remission. In another @entity0 with @entity10 , and in 2 with the @entity8 , the @entity4 excretion was significantly reduced by the combination of @entity6 and @entity7 but no obvious clinical improvement was observed. Side effects i.e. @entity5 and @entity1 attributed to @entity7 was seen in 3 @entity0 which necessitated the omission of treatment in 2. On @entity6 a moderate @entity9 was observed in 1 @entity0 . In conclusion both @entity6 and @entity7 were useful as adjunctive therapy in @entity3 .

title: XXXX and @entity6 in the management of @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: 1. A new smooth muscle preparation, the @entity0 anococcygeus muscle, is described. The muscle is paired, thin, consists of smooth muscle only and the muscle cells are organized in parallel bundles. It has a dense adrenergic innervation distributed throughout the muscle but apparently no cholinergic innervation. The muscles are easily isolated.2. The muscle contracts to @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity15 , @entity2 , but not to @entity1 . @entity9 produces contraction at high concentrations. The effects of @entity6 and @entity4 are blocked by @entity13 and @entity10 respectively. The response to @entity9 is little affected by @entity7 .3. The muscle contracts in response to field stimulation or stimulation of extrinsic nerves. This response is completely blocked by @entity13 but unaffected by @entity11 or @entity10 .4. @entity8 10(-6)-5 x 10(-6)M blocks the motor response to nerve stimulation and potentiates that to @entity6 . Higher concentrations of @entity8 raise tone. In the presence of raised tone, field stimulation produces an inhibitory response insensitive to @entity11 but abolished by @entity5 2 x 10(-7) g/ml. This inhibitory response to stimulation can also be shown after other drugs which raise tone.5. The inhibitory response to nerve stimulation is not mimicked by @entity4 , @entity9 or @entity3 , nor blocked by @entity10 , @entity13 , @entity12 , @entity7 , @entity11 or @entity14 .

title: The XXXX anococcygeus muscle and its response to nerve stimulation and to some drugs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The main regulating systems of thyroid growth are the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the @entity0 signaling pathway. @entity3 frequently involves mutations in @entity1 or @entity4 /PTC without overlap, which are expected to constitutively activate MAPK signaling. On the other hand, it has been reported that @entity0 signaling acts in an inhibitory manner on the proliferation of @entity2 cell lines, although the @entity0 pathway physiologically promotes the proliferation of normal follicular cells as well as hormonogenesis. The effect of @entity0 on proliferation is attributed to crosstalk with MAPK signaling. However, this phenomenon has not been clearly established in @entity2 with @entity1 or @entity4 /PTC mutations. In order to elucidate whether activated @entity0 signaling inhibits cell proliferation and affects MAPK signaling in @entity2 , we performed in vitro experiments using two representative cell lines, K1 and @entity7 , which have a @entity1 and an @entity4 /PTC mutation, respectively. Elevated @entity0 caused by an adenylate cyclase activator suppressed the proliferation of both K1 and @entity7 cells. Examining the crosstalk between @entity0 and MAPK signaling, K1 and @entity7 cells showed opposite responses to @entity0 activation. These responses were blocked by an inhibitor of the @entity0 -dependent protein kinase (PKA). In K1 cells, @entity1 might predominate over @entity6 , and the elevated @entity0 is thought to promote MAPK phosphorylation through the PKA-mediated activation of @entity5 . On the other hand, in @entity7 cells @entity6 might predominate and could be inhibited by activated @entity5 , resulting in the suppression of MAPK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the proliferation of both @entity2 cell types was significantly suppressed by @entity0 signaling, regardless of whether MAPK signaling was activated or inactivated by the PKA-mediated @entity0 signaling pathway. There could, however, be other mechanisms by which @entity0 signaling inhibits the growth of @entity2 cells.

title: Cyclic AMP-mediated growth suppression and MAPK phosphorylation in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the relationship between treatment efficacy and adverse events (AEs) for @entity0 with @entity5 treated with first-line @entity8 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 274 @entity0 were treated with @entity8 (50 mg/d, 4-weeks-on and 2-weeks-off schedule). Physical and laboratory evaluations were done every sixth week. AEs were diagnosed at every visit. Clinical response was assessed every 3 months. The objective response rate (ORR), median progression-free (mPFS) and median overall survival ( @entity10 ) and AEs were evaluated. Besides   (2) and log rank tests, multivariate Cox regression analysis and for synergism 1-sided t tests were used. RESULTS: The ORR was 25%. After a median follow-up of 32 months, the mPFS and @entity10 were 9 and 19 months, respectively. @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity3 , and @entity7 were the most frequent treatment-associated AEs. Significantly longer (P  < .01) mPFS and @entity10 were observed when @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity3 , or @entity7 occurred. A statistically significant synergistic effect of the listed AEs was observed for progression-free survival (P  < .001) and overall survival (P  < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that besides the prognostic category, the higher number of AEs (3-6 vs. 0-2) was an independent marker of longer mPFS (24 vs. 5 months, respectively; P  < .001) and @entity10 (51 vs. 9 months, respectively; P  < .001). CONCLUSION: Results of this study provide evidence for the synergistically enhanced efficacy of @entity8 treatment in @entity0 who present multiple AEs. These AEs are diagnosed routinely and their coexistence can help physicians to predict which group of @entity0 would benefit the most from first-line @entity8 treatment.

title: Synergistic Survival: A New Phenomenon Connected to Adverse Events of First-Line @entity8 Treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the relationship between treatment efficacy and adverse events (AEs) for @entity0 with @entity5 treated with first-line @entity8 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 274 @entity0 were treated with @entity8 (50 mg/d, 4-weeks-on and 2-weeks-off schedule). Physical and laboratory evaluations were done every sixth week. AEs were diagnosed at every visit. Clinical response was assessed every 3 months. The objective response rate (ORR), median progression-free (mPFS) and median overall survival ( @entity10 ) and AEs were evaluated. Besides   (2) and log rank tests, multivariate Cox regression analysis and for synergism 1-sided t tests were used. RESULTS: The ORR was 25%. After a median follow-up of 32 months, the mPFS and @entity10 were 9 and 19 months, respectively. @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity3 , and @entity7 were the most frequent treatment-associated AEs. Significantly longer (P  < .01) mPFS and @entity10 were observed when @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity3 , or @entity7 occurred. A statistically significant synergistic effect of the listed AEs was observed for progression-free survival (P  < .001) and overall survival (P  < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that besides the prognostic category, the higher number of AEs (3-6 vs. 0-2) was an independent marker of longer mPFS (24 vs. 5 months, respectively; P  < .001) and @entity10 (51 vs. 9 months, respectively; P  < .001). CONCLUSION: Results of this study provide evidence for the synergistically enhanced efficacy of @entity8 treatment in @entity0 who present multiple AEs. These AEs are diagnosed routinely and their coexistence can help physicians to predict which group of @entity0 would benefit the most from first-line @entity8 treatment.

title: Synergistic Survival: A New Phenomenon Connected to Adverse Events of First-Line XXXX Treatment in @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Postprandial @entity6 is a locally mediated vascular response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen. In this review we discuss the role of various constituents of chyme in the development of the @entity3 and possible mechanisms of action. The luminal contents that produce the @entity3 are digested products of food; undigested food or pancreatic enzymes have no effect. Micellar @entity5 are the most potent vasodilators, whereas @entity4 at physiological concentrations have little effect on intestinal blood flow. However, by-products of protein digestion are as potent as those of @entity8 in increasing the blood flow. Bile increases ileal but does not alter jejunal blood flow. In addition, bile enhances the @entity2 -induced @entity3 and renders fatty and @entity4 vasoactive. The mechanisms by which bile exerts its effect on the vasoactivity of these nutrients are poorly understood. The intestinal hyperemic response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen is mediated by a variety of regulatory pathways that vary with the nutrient. Factors involved include tissue metabolic rate, metabolites, nutrient absorption, tissue osmolality, tissue @entity0 tension, intestinal peptides such as @entity9 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and paracrine substances such as @entity7 and @entity1 . It is likely that the @entity3 results from the complex interplay of all these factors on the intestinal vascular smooth muscle. Extrinsic and intrinsic nerves play a minor role in nutrient-induced @entity3 .

title: Possible mechanisms for the initiation and maintenance of postprandial XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Essential @entity3 (ET) @entity0 seem to have impaired gait and balance, yet surprisingly few studies have utilized quantitative analysis to study these impairments. With one exception, these prior studies examined gait on a treadmill, which does not approximate functional environmental conditions (level ground). Moreover, these studies tested middle-aged subjects so it remains unclear whether ET @entity0 maintain a pattern of deficits that is in excess of that seen in controls, even into advanced ages. METHODS: 104 ET subjects (86.0  4.6, range=75-97 years) and 40 similarly aged controls (84.1  4.2, range=74-94 years) underwent gait testing using the GAITRite mat under standard walk and tandem walk conditions on level ground. RESULTS: In standard walk, ET @entity0 demonstrated deficits related to gait speed (lower velocity and cadence, p=0.0001), dynamic imbalance (increased double support percent, p=0.01), and gait asymmetry (increased step time difference, p=0.003). During tandem walk, ET @entity0 had lower velocity (p=0.002) and cadence (p=0.003), and more mis-steps (p<0.008) compared with controls. For all variables, ET @entity0 performed more poorly than controls even into advanced ages, as demonstrated in linear regression models. CONCLUSIONS: ET @entity0 demonstrated decrement in gait speed, dynamic balance and gait symmetry during standard walk and clear balance impairment during tandem walk. This constellation of impairments is consistent with a @entity2 . ET @entity0 maintained this pattern of deficits, in excess of that seen in controls, into advanced age, reinforcing the importance of @entity1 in this disorder.

title: Quantitative gait analysis in essential XXXX reveals impairments that are maintained into advanced age.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Serious @entity3 must be treated quickly and efficiently. Plasma exchange (PE) takes place when ordinary treatment is not suitable in emergency cases. Several methods of plasma clearing have already been practiced successfully. PE is the best one. It quickly removes a great amount of thyroid hormones and occasionally pathological immunoglobulins. Risks have not to be underestimated. The most serious accidents are particularly linked with the substitution fluids. Hemoperfusion, peritoneal dialysis, transfusion exchanges can be used too. @entity3 crisis, as far as life prognosis is concerned, is an appropriate indication of PE, either as a first line treatment or after the classical treatment has failed. Serious @entity1 due to @entity2 overload is not improved with common treatment. In this case PE might be worthwhile. In @entity0 , unimproved with an usual treatment PE can be successfully used, every time ocular prognosis is concerned.

title: [Plasma exchange and XXXX . Current indications].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ), proximal or distal, is becoming the standard of care for traumatic @entity1 . Theoretically the immunological function of the spleen may be preserved, but this has not yet been proven. A parameter for measuring the remaining splenic function must therefore be determined in order to decide whether or not vaccinations and/or antibiotic prophylaxis are necessary to prevent an overwhelming @entity2 (OPSI). METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed July 2015 by searching the Embase and Medline databases. Articles were eligible if they described at least two @entity1 @entity0 and the subject was splenic function. Description of procedure and/or success rate of @entity3 was not necessary for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and the quality of the articles and performed the data extraction. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included, eleven with adult @entity0 and one focusing on @entity0 . All studies used different parameters to assess splenic function. None of them reported a @entity2 . Eleven studies found a preserved splenic function after @entity3 , in both adults and @entity0 . CONCLUSION: All but one studies on the long term effects of @entity3 indicate a preserved splenic function. However, there is still no single parameter or test available which can demonstrate that unequivocally.

title: Splenic function after angioembolization for XXXX in @entity0 and adults: A systematic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ), proximal or distal, is becoming the standard of care for traumatic @entity1 . Theoretically the immunological function of the spleen may be preserved, but this has not yet been proven. A parameter for measuring the remaining splenic function must therefore be determined in order to decide whether or not vaccinations and/or antibiotic prophylaxis are necessary to prevent an overwhelming @entity2 (OPSI). METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed July 2015 by searching the Embase and Medline databases. Articles were eligible if they described at least two @entity1 @entity0 and the subject was splenic function. Description of procedure and/or success rate of @entity3 was not necessary for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and the quality of the articles and performed the data extraction. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included, eleven with adult @entity0 and one focusing on @entity0 . All studies used different parameters to assess splenic function. None of them reported a @entity2 . Eleven studies found a preserved splenic function after @entity3 , in both adults and @entity0 . CONCLUSION: All but one studies on the long term effects of @entity3 indicate a preserved splenic function. However, there is still no single parameter or test available which can demonstrate that unequivocally.

title: Splenic function after angioembolization for @entity1 in XXXX and adults: A systematic review.

answer: @entity0