abstract: BACKGROUND: Several histopathologic variants of cutaneous @entity4 have been recognized. In our consultation dermatopathology practice, we encountered a variant of @entity6 which, to our knowledge, has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: We report 3 cases of @entity5 , all of them manifesting prominent intratumoral @entity3 dominating over the residuum of the @entity1 and occurring on the acral sites. METHODS: We conducted a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study, which is complemented by a literature review. RESULTS: All 3 @entity0 were @entity0 ranging in age from 57 to 72 years. Each presented clinically with a slowly growing, firm mass. The lesion was painful in two cases. None of the @entity0 had @entity2 . Microscopically, the lesions were a well-circumscribed, @entity1 composed of mature smooth muscle cells and vascular pattern, which was inconspicuous, but focally dilated blood vessels were present. In all cases, prominent @entity3 were present. Immunohistochemically the spindle cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. LIMITATIONS: This study utilizes tissue specimens that all came as consultations; therefore, some inherent selection bias exists. CONCLUSION: Acral calcified @entity5 is a rare clinicopathological variant of @entity4 which has predilection for acral sites and shows massive @entity3 prevailing over the @entity1 itself.

title: Acral calcified XXXX of the skin: a rare clinicopathological variant of cutaneous @entity5 : report of 3 cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Measurement of specific cellular immune responses in @entity0 undergoing immunotherapy is difficult. Established approaches, including @entity2 (e.g., 51Cr release) and cytokine release assays, require in vitro culturing for several weeks or more of @entity0 ' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the addition of exogenous cytokines. Therefore, the immunological response does not reflect in vivo conditions. To address these disadvantages, we have used an @entity5 ( @entity5 ) Elispot assay for detecting peptide-specific @entity6 (+) lymphocytes in PBMC. A limitation of this assay is the lack of a reproducible source of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Currently available @entity7 often lead to significant background levels. It has been shown that transfected insect cells can express empty MHC class I molecules on their surface. We have transfected @entity3 S2 cells and the Lepidopteran line Sf9 with the gene encoding @entity0 HLA-A2.1. We demonstrate that insect cells expressing a @entity0 HLA molecule effectively function as @entity7 in the @entity5 Elispot assay. Initially the feasibility of the assay was assessed using @entity6 (+) T cells from HLA-A2.1(+) donors with known reactivity against an HLA-A2.1-binding epitope of the influenza matrix protein. Use of insect cells as @entity7 abrogated background spots, increasing sensitivity. We further observed that a short-term prestimulation of PBMC with peptide-pulsed insect cells markedly enhanced the frequency of peptide-specific T cells that could be measured in the Elispot assay without increasing the background. This approach was then used to measure @entity6 (+) T cell reactivity to a peptide from tyrosinase, an antigen that is processed and presented by @entity4 cells. Insect cells expressing @entity0 HLA molecules provide a standard APC for monitoring @entity6 (+) T cell responses to @entity1 and viral peptides during immunotherapy.

title: Insect cells as HLA-restricted XXXX for the @entity5 elispot assay.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Measurement of specific cellular immune responses in @entity0 undergoing immunotherapy is difficult. Established approaches, including @entity2 (e.g., 51Cr release) and cytokine release assays, require in vitro culturing for several weeks or more of @entity0 ' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the addition of exogenous cytokines. Therefore, the immunological response does not reflect in vivo conditions. To address these disadvantages, we have used an @entity5 ( @entity5 ) Elispot assay for detecting peptide-specific @entity6 (+) lymphocytes in PBMC. A limitation of this assay is the lack of a reproducible source of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Currently available @entity7 often lead to significant background levels. It has been shown that transfected insect cells can express empty MHC class I molecules on their surface. We have transfected @entity3 S2 cells and the Lepidopteran line Sf9 with the gene encoding @entity0 HLA-A2.1. We demonstrate that insect cells expressing a @entity0 HLA molecule effectively function as @entity7 in the @entity5 Elispot assay. Initially the feasibility of the assay was assessed using @entity6 (+) T cells from HLA-A2.1(+) donors with known reactivity against an HLA-A2.1-binding epitope of the influenza matrix protein. Use of insect cells as @entity7 abrogated background spots, increasing sensitivity. We further observed that a short-term prestimulation of PBMC with peptide-pulsed insect cells markedly enhanced the frequency of peptide-specific T cells that could be measured in the Elispot assay without increasing the background. This approach was then used to measure @entity6 (+) T cell reactivity to a peptide from tyrosinase, an antigen that is processed and presented by @entity4 cells. Insect cells expressing @entity0 HLA molecules provide a standard APC for monitoring @entity6 (+) T cell responses to @entity1 and viral peptides during immunotherapy.

title: Insect cells as HLA-restricted @entity7 for the XXXX elispot assay.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 , a pathologist's naming for @entity1 formed in the peripheral air space, that is, in the bronchiole or its adjacent alveolar space, is very characteristic and pathognomonic for @entity3 on HRCT imaging. As a radiological term, it is equal to centrilobular nodule or branching shadow, or tree-in-bud appearance in the recent trend. It is universally seen in most of @entity3 cases, irrespective of its stage or extensity. Although thus common, its appearance is not always uniform. Firstly they are not well defined in some cases. Exudative tendency in pathological process may explain for this appearance. Secondarily they are not always arranged in an orderly manner or in other words centrilobular manner on CT, but often in a random fashion. Pathologically this phenomenon can be explained by the randomness of formation site of @entity4 or by scarring in spontaneous healing process of the disease. Finally, although rare, an extreme pattern, in which acinar lesions are diffusely disseminated in both lung fields without other type of lesions, is well known as Oka's Classification of @entity5 . This rare type of @entity3 could be formed through indolent dissemination of bacilli via the airway or from the hematogenous dissemination. It should also be noted that in @entity0 , especially when it develops in @entity2 , acinar lesions is not seen, making differential diagnosis difficult.

title: [Various aspects of acinar lesions--the key finding of XXXX on HRCT].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 is a @entity3 caused by the inhalation of @entity6 , and may progress to disseminated disease, particularly in immunocompromised host such as @entity5 . We reported a retrospective review of the 8 @entity0 who had undergone surgical resection for @entity2 during recent 12 years. There were 5 @entity0 and 3 @entity0 with a mean age of 49 years. The number of lesions was solitary in 4 @entity0 and multiple in 4 @entity0 . All @entity0 had neither symptom from the lesion nor @entity0 @entity4 . The most common computed tomography finding was well-defined solid nodules (<2 cm) of the lung. The lesion size ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 cm with a mean of 1.3 cm. Pathologically, the resected specimen revealed @entity6 fungal bodies in all cases. After surgery, 4 @entity0 were treated with systemic antifungal therapy ( @entity7 ), and the others had no treatment. In all @entity0 , no sign of relapse was found during the postoperative follow-up period. Although the prognosis of present cases was excellent regardless of the treatment after the surgery, the recommendation for the treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 is oral or intravenous @entity7 therapy because of the possible development of @entity1 .

title: [Clinicopathological characteristics of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Dermatoscopy increases the accuracy of diagnosis of @entity2 . An atypical vascular pattern may be an indicator of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). During dermatoscopy of certain CMMs numerous ruby droplets of blood appear when the dermatoscope is pressed firmly against the lesion. The aim of this paper was to examine the histopathological background for this observation. CMMs from 8 @entity0 showing the poppyfield sign, i.e. squirts of ruby blood droplets, were paired with 8 CMMs of equal Breslow thickness not showing this sign. The 16 CMMs were placed in an unsystematic sequence and presented to two dermato-pathologists who assessed the lesions independently for confirmation of Breslow thickness, Clark level, ulceration and presence of @entity1 vessels. There was no disagreement between the pathologists' assessments. Age of the @entity0 and Breslow thickness of the @entity2 were similar in the two groups. All 8 poppyfield CMMs had @entity1 vessels compared with 25% (2/8) of the non-poppyfield CMMs (p< 0.007). Histological ulceration was observed in all poppyfield CMMs and none of the non-poppyfield CMMs (p< 0.001). The poppyfield @entity3 sign is a dermatoscopic clue to @entity1 vessels. It may be a dermatoscopic reflection of increased vascular density described in primary CMMs compared with adjacent skin and may also reflect the presence of primitive vessels in CMMs displaying @entity4 .

title: Poppyfield XXXX : a new dermatoscopic sign and its histopathological background.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The incidence of @entity1 after gastric operations for benign lesions was analysed in the @entity0 material of five gastroenterologists in private practice in Switzerland. Of 534 such @entity0 346 had had a gastric resection with gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II), 58 with gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I), and 130 other kinds of gastric operations. Among 326 @entity0 who had a Billroth II procedure there were 21 with proven @entity1 in the residual stomach, but none after Billroth I and other operations. The incidence after Billroth II was 15.1% at or after ten years. Of 69 @entity0 10-19 years after gastric resection, six had developed @entity1 , compared with 15 of 70 who were 20 years or more after the resection. The incidence is unexpectedly high. On the other hand, among 29361 non-operated @entity0 there were 279 with @entity1 . The average interval between operation and the diagnosis of @entity1 in the residual stomach was 23.8 years. It is recommended that gastric resection should if possible be avoided for benign disease. All @entity0 who have had a gastric resection should be endoscopically controlled annually from ten years after the resection onwards.

title: [ XXXX after gastric operations (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine whether venting the left ventricle during coronary reperfusion limits @entity2 size, we studied paced (200 beats/min) Langendorff @entity1 hearts, perfused with blood from a support @entity1 . A left coronary artery was occluded for 60 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Four experimental conditions, as follows, were used: In group 1 (control), the hearts contracted isovolumetrically on a fluid-filled balloon in the left ventricle during both occlusion and reperfusion. In group 2, the balloon was present only during occlusion, and the heart was vented during reperfusion. Hearts in group 3 were vented during occlusion and developed pressure during reperfusion. In group 4, the left ventricle was vented during occlusion and reperfusion. Perfusion pressure (91.2 +/- 0.9 mm Hg) and coronary flow (0.88 +/- 0.03 ml/min/g) were not different between groups. @entity3 (mean of all groups) were 87.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg systolic and 6.5 +/- 0.6 mm Hg diastolic. Infarcted @entity5 was assessed by @entity6 staining and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, as measured by fluorescent particles. Venting during both @entity0 and reperfusion (n = 10) did result in significantly smaller @entity4 than in the unvented controls (n = 10), that is, 13 +/- 5% vs. 41 +/- 6%, respectively. Venting only during reperfusion (n = 10) or occlusion (n = 11) did not significantly limit @entity4 size (57 +/- 6% and 32 +/- 5%, respectively), as compared with controls. Thus, the clinically feasible intervention of left ventricular venting during reperfusion was not cardioprotective.

title: Left ventricular unloading during reperfusion does not limit XXXX size.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The organization of the genome and the synthesis and processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HNRNA) in the cellular slime mold Dictysotelium discoideum have been analyzed. Approximately 60-70% of the genome of @entity1 consists of interspersed reiterated and single-copy sequences. The interspersed reiterated sequences have an average length of 250-400 @entity0 . Approximately 50% of the reiterated DNA sequences consist of long noninterspersed sequences. The results of analyses of ynRNA synthesis and processing have been incorporated into a model. According to the model the primary genetic transcript of @entity1 is synthesized as a molecule that is 25% larger than mRNA. The bulk of the hnRNA is synthesized from a unit consisting of a short reiterated DNA sequence transcript at the 5' end of the molecule and a single-copy sequence of approximately 1,200 @entity0 in length. In the processing of the mRNA precursor, there appears to be a loss of the majority of the repetitive sequence at the 5' end. The genome contains interspersed sequences of poly (dT)25. These sequences, which appear to be at the 3' terminus of the transcription unit, are transcribed directly into the heterogenous nuclear RNA and are contained within the messenger RNA. During the processing of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA, a poly (A) sequence of approximately 125 @entity0 in length is added posttranscriptionally to the 3' end of the molecule.

title: Structural organization and processing of the genetic transcript in the cellular slime mold XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is common in elderly @entity0 and is highly prevalent in Mexican Americans. Little is known about factors associated with the incidence of @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the social, demographic and health factors associated with a 7-year incidence of @entity4 among older Mexican Americans with @entity1 . METHODS: A 7-year prospective cohort of 536 non-institutionalized Mexican Americans aged > or =65 years with @entity1 residing in the Southwest of USA. Measures included socio-demographic factors, duration of @entity1 , @entity1 treatment, medical conditions and body mass index. @entity1 complications were assessed by self-reports of any kidney, eye and circulation problems or amputation due to @entity1 over a 7-year period. RESULTS: Subjects with disease duration of > or =10 years were found to have an increased incidence of kidney, eye and circulation problems or amputation over a 7-year period. Hazard ratio (HR) for circulation problems was significantly higher in foreign-born subjects with >15 years in the USA. Foreign-born subjects with <15 years in the USA and those with a frequent number of physician visits were at increased risk of @entity2 . @entity3 had a higher HR for incidence of amputations in the next 7 years. Subjects with baseline circulation complications had a higher incidence of amputations, @entity2 in the next 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that risks of @entity4 are influenced by different factors. Prolonged @entity1 duration, being foreign-born, living in the USA for a longer period, and frequent physician visits were factors associated with @entity4 . Designing intervention strategies to reduce @entity4 risks requires an understanding of the differences in demographic and health predictors of such risks.

title: Factors associated with seven-year incidence of XXXX among older Mexican Americans.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Germ cell @entity1 are the @entity1 sensitive for adjuvant therapy such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We evaluated the pathological findings of these @entity1 to determine the persistence of residual viable @entity1 cells after adjuvant therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between 1988 and 2005, we treated 31 @entity0 with @entity10 with @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and 15 @entity0 with non-germinomatous @entity9 (NGMGCTs). All 46 @entity0 received a combination of chemo- and radiotherapy. A second-look operation was performed in 3 of 31 @entity0 with @entity10 or @entity10 with @entity11 and 12 of 15 @entity0 with NGMGCTs. The follow-up period was 2-139 months (median 95) in @entity0 with @entity10 or @entity10 with @entity11 (group 1) and 10-202 months (median 65) in NGMGCT @entity0 (group 2). RESULTS: Post-treatment, 3 group 1 and 12 group 2 @entity0 manifested @entity3 . The pathological diagnosis in group 1 @entity0 was @entity4 , @entity7 , and fibrous tissue with @entity5 ; in group 2 it was yolk @entity1 (n = 1), immature @entity4 (n = 3), @entity4 (n = 4), and @entity2 or fibrous tissue (n = 4). While no group 1 @entity0 manifested @entity1 cells, @entity8 -positive viable @entity1 cells were present in resected tissues from one-third of the group 2 @entity0 (3 immature teratomas and 1 yolk @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: The absence of viable @entity1 cells in residual tissue indicates that the combination of @entity6 -based chemo- and radiotherapy was effective in our @entity10 @entity0 . On the other hand, in @entity0 with NGMGCTs, these cells persisted despite this combination therapy.

title: Evaluation of residual tissues after adjuvant therapy in germ cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the activity of @entity6 and their latent pro-forms (proMMP-2, -9), and protein levels of @entity5 and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 in the subretinal fluid (SRF) and vitreous of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Potential correlations with proliferative @entity3 (PVR) grade were determined. METHODS: Thirty-seven SRF and 32 vitreous samples from @entity2 @entity0 and nine vitreous samples from @entity0 organ donors (controls), were collected and assayed for @entity5 / @entity4 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for proMMP-2, -9, @entity1 , -9 activity employing gelatine zymography. RESULTS: ProMMP-2, -9, @entity5 , @entity4 were significantly higher in the SRF and vitreous of @entity2 @entity0 compared to the vitreous of organ donors. @entity7 levels were higher in @entity2 @entity0 ' SRF. Regarding PVR grade, MMPs and @entity4 were differentially present in SRF and vitreous. PVR grade correlated significantly with the levels of @entity1 in SRF, while proMMP-2, @entity5 and @entity4 levels correlated with PVR grade in the vitreous. CONCLUSION: MMP/ @entity4 levels are elevated in SRF and vitreous during @entity2 . Significant correlations between PVR grade and @entity1 in SRF and proMMP-2, @entity5 and @entity4 levels in vitreous were revealed. Investigation of MMP activity in vitreous may provide more valid conclusions compared to SRF pertaining to the role of the MMPs during @entity2 . The observations of the present study suggest a possible role for MMPs and @entity4 in PVR pathophysiology.

title: Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase levels with the grade of proliferative XXXX in the subretinal fluid and vitreous during @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the activity of @entity6 and their latent pro-forms (proMMP-2, -9), and protein levels of @entity5 and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 in the subretinal fluid (SRF) and vitreous of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Potential correlations with proliferative @entity3 (PVR) grade were determined. METHODS: Thirty-seven SRF and 32 vitreous samples from @entity2 @entity0 and nine vitreous samples from @entity0 organ donors (controls), were collected and assayed for @entity5 / @entity4 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for proMMP-2, -9, @entity1 , -9 activity employing gelatine zymography. RESULTS: ProMMP-2, -9, @entity5 , @entity4 were significantly higher in the SRF and vitreous of @entity2 @entity0 compared to the vitreous of organ donors. @entity7 levels were higher in @entity2 @entity0 ' SRF. Regarding PVR grade, MMPs and @entity4 were differentially present in SRF and vitreous. PVR grade correlated significantly with the levels of @entity1 in SRF, while proMMP-2, @entity5 and @entity4 levels correlated with PVR grade in the vitreous. CONCLUSION: MMP/ @entity4 levels are elevated in SRF and vitreous during @entity2 . Significant correlations between PVR grade and @entity1 in SRF and proMMP-2, @entity5 and @entity4 levels in vitreous were revealed. Investigation of MMP activity in vitreous may provide more valid conclusions compared to SRF pertaining to the role of the MMPs during @entity2 . The observations of the present study suggest a possible role for MMPs and @entity4 in PVR pathophysiology.

title: Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase levels with the grade of proliferative @entity3 in the subretinal fluid and vitreous during XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the sensitivities of the faecal occult blood test, screening episode, and screening programme for @entity2 and the benefits of applying a randomised design at the implementation phase of a new public health policy. DESIGN: Experimental design incorporated in public health evaluation using randomisation at individual level in the target population. SETTING: 161 of the 431 Finnish municipalities in 2004-6. @entity0 : 106 000 adults randomised to screening or control arms. In total, 52 998 adults aged 60-64 in the screening arm received faecal occult blood test kits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Test, episode, and programme sensitivities estimated by the incidence method and corrected for selective attendance and overdiagnosis. RESULTS: The response for screening was high overall (70.8%), and significantly better in @entity0 (78.1%) than in @entity0 (63.3%). The incidence of @entity1 in the controls was somewhat higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 (103 v 93 per 100 000 @entity0 years), which was not true for @entity1 (42 v 49 per 100 000 @entity0 years). The sensitivity of the faecal occult blood test was 54.6%. Only a few @entity1 were detected among those with positive test results, hence the episode sensitivity of 51.3% was close to the test sensitivity. At the population level the sensitivity of the programme was 37.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Although relatively low, the sensitivity of screening for @entity2 with the faecal occult blood test in Finland was adequate. An experimental design is a prerequisite for evaluation of such a screening programme because the effectiveness of preventing @entity3 is likely to be small and results may otherwise remain inconclusive. Thus, screening for @entity2 using any primary test modality should be launched in a public health programme with randomisation of the target population at the implementation phase.

title: Test, episode, and programme sensitivities of screening for XXXX as a public health policy in Finland: experimental design.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: Insufficient control of cardiovascular risk factors is observed in primary care. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the association of @entity4 with achievement of treatment targets for HbA(1c), LDL @entity3 , @entity5 , HDL @entity3 and blood pressure in primary care. METHODS: In this cross-sectional observational epidemiological study, primary-care practitioners completed a questionnaire covering demographic and socioeconomic data, medical history, drug treatment, and clinical and biological characteristics for 3351 @entity0 (1630 @entity0 and 1721 @entity0 ). Therapeutic targets were HbA(1c) <7%, LDL @entity3 <1.6g/L, @entity5 <1.5 g/L and @entity6 /DBP <140/90 mmHg. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between waist circumference and a lack of cardiovascular risk-factor control. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' mean ages were 58+/-14 years and 55+/-16 years for @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. A large waist circumference was positively and significantly (P<0.0001 for all) associated with @entity1 , hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL @entity3 and @entity2 . The prevalence of @entity0 not achieving therapeutic targets increased across waist-circumference quartiles. For treated @entity0 , the odds ratios (95% CI) (adjusted for age, gender, education, smoking status and medical specialty) for not achieving treatment targets were 17.6 (2.2-142) for @entity5 , 2.8 (1.3-6.1) for HbA(1c) and 1.4 (0.9-2.0) for blood pressure on comparisons with extreme quartiles of waist-circumference distribution. CONCLUSION: In primary care, a lack of control of @entity5 , HbA(1c) and, to a lesser extent, blood pressure increases with waist circumference independently of confounders. This suggests that @entity4 is associated of poor results in the treatment of @entity1 and hypertriglyceridaemia.

title: XXXX is associated with ineffective control of cardiovascular risk factors in primary care in France.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Elevated concentrations of @entity3 ( @entity6 ) are associated with a @entity0 . Linearity, imprecision, interference, method comparison, and accuracy were evaluated on the ADVIA Centaur ( @entity5 Healthcare Diagnostics, Deerfield, IL), ARCHITECT i2000SR (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL), AxSYM (Abbott Diagnostics), and IMMULITE 2000 ( @entity5 Healthcare Diagnostics) methods and analyzers and the Catch (Equal Diagnostics, Exton, PA) and Diazyme (Diazyme Laboratories, San Diego, CA) methods, both on the Modular P analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). All methods were linear with maximum deviations from target recoveries of less than 10%. Total coefficients of variation ranged from 1.7% to 9.4%. The effects of @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity1 were assessed. Method comparisons were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography as the comparison method. Correlation coefficients were 0.95 to 0.99. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated percentage bias of -29.3% (IMMULITE) to 7.2% (Centaur). Accuracy using the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1955 showed varying results with only 1 method within the certified range for all 3 levels. All methods demonstrated acceptable performance except the IMMULITE, which is less precise and accurate. Standardization of most methods seems acceptable, although continuing efforts are warranted.

title: Performance characteristics of six XXXX assays.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Common femoral artery volume flow was measured at rest and during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia in 80 normal subjects and 67 @entity0 with radiological evidence of occlusive @entity3 . At rest, means(s.d.) common femoral artery volume flow in normal subjects (344(135) ml/min) and all @entity0 with @entity3 (401(168) ml/min) was not significantly different. During postocclusive reactive hyperaemia, mean(s.d.) peak flow was significantly higher in normal subjects (1951(438) ml/min) than in @entity0 with @entity3 (996(457) ml/min) (P less than 0.01). Common femoral artery volume flow in @entity0 with critical ischaemia and @entity2 did not differ at rest but mean(s.d.) peak flow in @entity0 with critical ischaemia (697(276) ml/min) was significantly lower than in claudicants (1131(447) ml/min) (P less than 0.01). Mean(s.d.) resting common femoral artery volume flow in limbs with femoropopliteal disease (457(185) ml/min) was significantly greater than that in limbs with occlusion of the aortoiliac segment (308(130) ml/min) (P less than 0.01). However, this difference did not persist during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia. A hyperaemic index, calculated from the hyperaemic responses to below knee and whole limb ischaemia, was used to quantify segmental perfusion during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia. The mean(s.d.) value in normal subjects, 46(9) per cent, and in those with @entity1 , 52(12) per cent, indicated approximately equal perfusion of the above and below knee limb segments. In those with femoropopliteal disease the mean(s.d.) hyperaemic index was 17(13) per cent, revealing relative hypoperfusion of the below knee segment.

title: Common femoral artery volume flow in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 is often present in @entity0 with severe @entity5 . New studies demonstrate that only a small amount and a short exposure of blood in vitro are able to induce an @entity2 . Free blood in the joint leads to different mechanisms and includes cartilage and @entity3 induced by a release of macrophages and monocytes followed by activated cytokines and inflammatory processes. Another mechanism is mediated by free @entity1 resulting in @entity6 and @entity7 and a neoangiogenesis on the base of VEGF release is common. At worst, these processes result in a complete picture of @entity8 reducing quality of life. Few studies are available about the influence of factor treatment regime, e. g. prophylaxis or on-demand therapy, on the development of @entity8 . However these studies investigated in most cases @entity0 . Therefore, it is still impossible to give recommendations for the right treatment in adult haemophilic @entity0 because data are still lacking. For that reason, we attempt to initiate the HemArthro-Project to investigate the influence of treatment therapy on the development of @entity8 in adult haemophilic @entity0 . This study includes the @entity4 for the description of joint function in maximal 500 severe haemophilic @entity0 parted into two groups of treatment regime (prophylaxis vs. on-demand). The investigators are seeking further assistance from the haemophilic treatment centers for the support of this study.

title: Cross sectional study to investigate the influence of treatment regimes on the development of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Frequently following a @entity3 of the cervical spine, @entity0 suffer from persistent @entity1 symptoms. The MRI will in some of these cases show changes consistent with disk pathology or @entity2 , although in most instances the imaging studies will offer no adequate explanation for the described symptoms. The goal of our research was to develop and test a new MRI compatible device that will allow functional imaging of the cervical spine. METHODS: A total of 30 @entity0 with @entity3 were evaluated during the first 6 weeks following trauma with the functional MRI. The examination was carried out with a T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence utilizing a new apparatus consisting of an inflatable air bag contained in a Plexiglas housing. Thanks to a valve placed outside of the examination room, it was possible to individually regulate the amount of air used to fill the pillow, thereby obtaining a full range of motion between flexion and extension. RESULTS: In 25 cases no pathology was found during this examination. Two @entity0 presented with scarring of the alar ligaments, indicative of a traumatic lesion. In two other instances the images in reclination revealed a bulging disk, while in one case a widening of the disk space was found as a sign for a rupture of the anterior longitudinal ligament. CONCLUSION: Our study was able to demonstrate the applicability of the new functional testing device, which permits a standardized, continuous and dynamic evaluation of the cervical spine in a closed MRI.

title: Functional cervical MRI within the scope of XXXX : presentation of a new motion device for the cervical spine.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 is a major medical emergency that results in significant alteration of neuronal function. @entity1 involves @entity2 activity recurring frequently enough to induce a sustained alteration in brain function. This study was initiated to investigate how @entity1 affects the activity of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II in the brain. @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II is a neuronally enriched signal transducing system involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and release, cytoskeletal function, gene transcription, neurotransmitter receptor function and neuronal excitability. Therefore, alteration of this signal transduction system would have significant physiological effects. @entity1 was induced in @entity0 by @entity5 injection, allowed to progress for 60 min and terminated by repeated @entity6 injections. Animals were killed at specific time-points and examined for @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity. @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was significantly reduced in cerebral cortex and hippocampal homogenates obtained from @entity1 @entity0 when compared with control animals. Once established, the @entity1 -induced inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was observed at all time-points tested following the termination of @entity2 activity. However, @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was not significantly decreased in thalamus and cerebellar homogenates. In addition, @entity1 -induced inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was dependent upon activation of @entity4 subtype of glutamatergic receptors. Thus, @entity1 induced a significant inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity that involves @entity4 receptor activation. The data support the hypothesis that inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity may be involved in the alteration of neuronal function following @entity1 .

title: @entity1 results in an XXXX receptor-dependent inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 is a major medical emergency that results in significant alteration of neuronal function. @entity1 involves @entity2 activity recurring frequently enough to induce a sustained alteration in brain function. This study was initiated to investigate how @entity1 affects the activity of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II in the brain. @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II is a neuronally enriched signal transducing system involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and release, cytoskeletal function, gene transcription, neurotransmitter receptor function and neuronal excitability. Therefore, alteration of this signal transduction system would have significant physiological effects. @entity1 was induced in @entity0 by @entity5 injection, allowed to progress for 60 min and terminated by repeated @entity6 injections. Animals were killed at specific time-points and examined for @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity. @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was significantly reduced in cerebral cortex and hippocampal homogenates obtained from @entity1 @entity0 when compared with control animals. Once established, the @entity1 -induced inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was observed at all time-points tested following the termination of @entity2 activity. However, @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was not significantly decreased in thalamus and cerebellar homogenates. In addition, @entity1 -induced inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was dependent upon activation of @entity4 subtype of glutamatergic receptors. Thus, @entity1 induced a significant inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity that involves @entity4 receptor activation. The data support the hypothesis that inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity may be involved in the alteration of neuronal function following @entity1 .

title: XXXX results in an @entity4 receptor-dependent inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is a major medical emergency that results in significant alteration of neuronal function. @entity1 involves @entity2 activity recurring frequently enough to induce a sustained alteration in brain function. This study was initiated to investigate how @entity1 affects the activity of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II in the brain. @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II is a neuronally enriched signal transducing system involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and release, cytoskeletal function, gene transcription, neurotransmitter receptor function and neuronal excitability. Therefore, alteration of this signal transduction system would have significant physiological effects. @entity1 was induced in @entity0 by @entity5 injection, allowed to progress for 60 min and terminated by repeated @entity6 injections. Animals were killed at specific time-points and examined for @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity. @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was significantly reduced in cerebral cortex and hippocampal homogenates obtained from @entity1 @entity0 when compared with control animals. Once established, the @entity1 -induced inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was observed at all time-points tested following the termination of @entity2 activity. However, @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was not significantly decreased in thalamus and cerebellar homogenates. In addition, @entity1 -induced inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was dependent upon activation of @entity4 subtype of glutamatergic receptors. Thus, @entity1 induced a significant inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity that involves @entity4 receptor activation. The data support the hypothesis that inhibition of @entity3 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity may be involved in the alteration of neuronal function following @entity1 .

title: @entity1 results in an @entity4 receptor-dependent inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Up-to-date observations in the regions where effective food @entity3 supplementation was introduced confirm a significant decrease in @entity6 incidence. However, in some regions the incidence of @entity6 remains unchanged or even the increase in the frequency of @entity1 of the thyroid like, Grave's-Basedov disease and chronic/subacute @entity4 is observed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity1 of the thyroid in @entity0 aged 6-13 years in the Polish population after 5 years of obligatory @entity3 supplementation program. The study included 480 school @entity0 from 4 elementary schools chosen randomly in the city of Bia  ystok and 120 @entity0 at the same age treated due to @entity6 with KI and/or thyroxin for minimum 12 months in the Regional Specialist Outpatient Clinic of Endocrinology. All @entity0 underwent physical examination with palpation of @entity6 and USG of the thyroid. @entity3 concentration was assessed in the morning urine by the catalytic method of Sandell-K  lthoff. The concentrations ofTSH and antibodies against TSH, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 (Tg) were also determined. The mean concentrations of anti-Tg antibodies were statistically significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity6 in comparison with @entity0 with the thyroid gland within the norm (155.8 IU/ml vs. 24.4 IU/ml, p = 0.045). In @entity0 with @entity6 the incidence of'positive' titre of anti-Tg antibodies was 4-fold as high as in @entity0 without @entity6 (33.3% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.0147). High incidence of antibodies against @entity5 in the population of @entity0 with @entity6 and a positive correlation between the titre of anti-Tg antibodies and the size of the thyroid in this group suggest a significant role of @entity2 in the pathogenesis of @entity6 in the studied population.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX of the thyroid in @entity0 in the Bia  ystok population].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Up-to-date observations in the regions where effective food @entity3 supplementation was introduced confirm a significant decrease in @entity6 incidence. However, in some regions the incidence of @entity6 remains unchanged or even the increase in the frequency of @entity1 of the thyroid like, Grave's-Basedov disease and chronic/subacute @entity4 is observed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity1 of the thyroid in @entity0 aged 6-13 years in the Polish population after 5 years of obligatory @entity3 supplementation program. The study included 480 school @entity0 from 4 elementary schools chosen randomly in the city of Bia  ystok and 120 @entity0 at the same age treated due to @entity6 with KI and/or thyroxin for minimum 12 months in the Regional Specialist Outpatient Clinic of Endocrinology. All @entity0 underwent physical examination with palpation of @entity6 and USG of the thyroid. @entity3 concentration was assessed in the morning urine by the catalytic method of Sandell-K  lthoff. The concentrations ofTSH and antibodies against TSH, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 (Tg) were also determined. The mean concentrations of anti-Tg antibodies were statistically significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity6 in comparison with @entity0 with the thyroid gland within the norm (155.8 IU/ml vs. 24.4 IU/ml, p = 0.045). In @entity0 with @entity6 the incidence of'positive' titre of anti-Tg antibodies was 4-fold as high as in @entity0 without @entity6 (33.3% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.0147). High incidence of antibodies against @entity5 in the population of @entity0 with @entity6 and a positive correlation between the titre of anti-Tg antibodies and the size of the thyroid in this group suggest a significant role of @entity2 in the pathogenesis of @entity6 in the studied population.

title: [Prevalence of @entity2 of the thyroid in XXXX in the Bia  ystok population].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The link between nasal-temporal motion asymmetries and anomalous binocular sensory function in infantile @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has led to the idea that visual evoked potential responses to horizontal motion (mVE) is an alternative measure of sensory binocularity to stereopsis. A second hypothesis is that the mVEP response is a marker for bifoveal fusion. The purpose of this study was to directly evaluate these two hypotheses by examining the correspondence between the mVEP response and both stereoacuity and bifoveal fusion in a cohort of strabismic @entity0 with variable binocular sensory function. METHODS: Motion VEPs, random dot stereopsis, and bifoveal fusion were measured in 94 @entity0 : 20 with infantile @entity2 , 16 with infantile accommodative @entity2 , 22 with late-onset accommodative @entity2 , 10 with intermittent infantile strabismus, and 26 normal control @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity0 with infantile @entity2 and infantile accommodative @entity2 had high concordance between mVEP responses and stereoacuity and mVEP responses and bifoveal fusion. Asymmetric mVEP responses were highly concordant with both no measurable stereopsis and an absence of fusional vergence. @entity0 with late-onset accommodative @entity2 and intermittent infantile strabismus revealed discordance between the mVEP response and stereoacuity and high concordance between the mVEP response and bifoveal fusion. Asymmetric mVEP responses were highly concordant with the absence of bifoveal fusion and the minimum-size prism to elicit fusional vergence. CONCLUSIONS: The qualitative and quantitative relationship between the mVEP response and fusional vergence suggests that the mVEP response is an objective measure of bifoveal fusion. The availability of such a test will facilitate studies of normal development of bifoveal fusion and development of @entity1 in strabismus.

title: Motion VEPs, stereopsis, and bifoveal fusion in XXXX with strabismus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intravesical BCG is already established as effective therapy in the management of superficial @entity2 . However, varying results have been obtained with different BCG strains; these are ascribed to variations in their immunogenicity. The locally available BCG strain which contains approximately 1.2 x 10(9) colony-forming units per 120 mg was used for intravesical instillation in 27 @entity0 with recurrent superficial transitional @entity2 . Ten of the 13 @entity0 who received BCG prophylactically to reduce or stop recurrencies completed therapy and 7 (70%) were in remission after 1 or 2 courses with a mean follow-up of 2 years. Fourteen @entity0 received BCG therapeutically for in situ @entity3 . Thirteen of these @entity0 completed therapy and 9 (69%) responded favourably after 1 or 2 courses of BCG for a mean follow-up period of 23 months. Adverse effects of the treatment were mild and well tolerated except in a @entity0 who received radiotherapy. Although 21 @entity0 experienced @entity1 only 1 discontinued treatment as a direct result. The only other @entity0 in whom treatment had to be stopped, developed severe @entity4 after 3 instillations. A statistically significant reduction in the number of recurrences (P less than 0.001) was experienced by the @entity0 who received BCG prophylactically. Although this is a very limited study, the locally available BCG strain exhibited therapeutic activity. It is cost-effective and warrants further study.

title: [Intravesical BCG as a treatment for superficial and in situ transitional cell XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Stimulants used to treat @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have been well researched, but comparisons among stimulants are hindered by the absence of direct comparative trials. The goal of this work was to compare the efficacy of @entity2 and @entity3 formulations through a meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials. We analyzed recent published literature on the stimulant therapy of @entity1 to describe the variability of drug-placebo effect sizes. A literature search was conducted to identify double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of @entity1 in @entity0 and adolescents published after 1979. Meta-analysis regression assessed the influence of medication type and study design features on medication effects. Twenty-three trials met criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. These trials studied 11 drugs using 19 different outcome measures of hyperactive, inattentive, or impulsive behavior. We found significant differences between @entity3 and @entity2 products, even after correcting for study design features that might have confounded the results. Our analyses indicate that effect sizes for @entity3 products are significantly, albeit moderately, greater than those for @entity2 . We found that most measures of effect from all studies were statistically significant. Our findings suggest that @entity3 products may be moderately more efficacious than @entity2 products, even after controlling for potentially confounding study design features. This difference in effect size may be due to differences between @entity3 and @entity2 in the molecular mechanisms involved in facilitating the dopaminergic neurotransmission.

title: Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for XXXX in @entity0 and adolescents using meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Stimulants used to treat @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have been well researched, but comparisons among stimulants are hindered by the absence of direct comparative trials. The goal of this work was to compare the efficacy of @entity2 and @entity3 formulations through a meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials. We analyzed recent published literature on the stimulant therapy of @entity1 to describe the variability of drug-placebo effect sizes. A literature search was conducted to identify double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of @entity1 in @entity0 and adolescents published after 1979. Meta-analysis regression assessed the influence of medication type and study design features on medication effects. Twenty-three trials met criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. These trials studied 11 drugs using 19 different outcome measures of hyperactive, inattentive, or impulsive behavior. We found significant differences between @entity3 and @entity2 products, even after correcting for study design features that might have confounded the results. Our analyses indicate that effect sizes for @entity3 products are significantly, albeit moderately, greater than those for @entity2 . We found that most measures of effect from all studies were statistically significant. Our findings suggest that @entity3 products may be moderately more efficacious than @entity2 products, even after controlling for potentially confounding study design features. This difference in effect size may be due to differences between @entity3 and @entity2 in the molecular mechanisms involved in facilitating the dopaminergic neurotransmission.

title: Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for @entity1 in XXXX and adolescents using meta-analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Standard evaluation of @entity0 with @entity2 cannot distinguish abnormal autonomic tone from @entity2 . This distinction has potentially important therapeutic and prognostic implications. Intrinsic heart rate (IHR)--the peak heart rate (HR) measured during pharmacologic combined autonomic blockade--reflects intrinsic SN function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of IHR--and its relationship with resting heart rate (RHR)--in distinguishing autonomic influence from @entity2 among @entity0 with @entity2 . IHR was determined in the electrophysiology laboratory using intravenous @entity1 , 0.2 mg/kg, followed by intravenous @entity3 , 0.04 mg/kg; the peak HR recorded was the IHR. IHR was measured in two groups. Seven control subjects, defined as @entity0 with normal noninvasive SN testing, had IHR mean of 128 +/- 24 beats/min; this was greater than RHR mean of 89 +/- 16 beats/min (p less than 0.01). Eight @entity0 with abnormal noninvasive SN testing had IHR mean of 103 +/- 6 beats/min; this was greater than RHR mean of 71 +/- 9 beats/min (p less than 0.01). We therefore reached the following conclusions. (1) Among this particular group of @entity0 with abnormal noninvasive SN testing, IHR was consistently in the normal range for age and greater than RHR, suggesting that excess vagal tone can play a significant role in the expression of @entity2 . (2) Among normal individuals, IHR is age-related, decreasing with advancing age. IHR greater than RHR suggests that vagal tone predominates in the normal resting state as the net increase in HR during combined autonomic blockade is due to blockade of vagally mediated chronotropic inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intrinsic heart rate in XXXX and young adults: an index of sinus node function isolated from autonomic control.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Low rates of @entity5 among @entity2 have been reported but not systematically studied. The authors investigated the rate of hospitalization with a diagnosis of @entity5 in the follow-up in 1982-1984 of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a population-based study conducted across the United States in 1971-1975. Based on hospital discharge diagnoses of @entity5 , 368 cases were identified for the period 1971-1984 among 10,551 @entity0 , aged 25-74 years, who denied @entity5 at the baseline examination. The crude incidence of @entity5 per 1,000 @entity0 -years was 2.59 for white @entity0 , 1.45 for black @entity0 , 4.09 for white @entity0 , and 2.35 for black @entity0 . Controlling for @entity1 , parity, @entity4 consumption, use of diuretics, use of oral contraceptives, and two indicators of socioeconomic status, the authors found that the hazard rate of hospitalization with @entity5 increased with age for white @entity0 and @entity3 @entity0 . The hazard ratio for black @entity0 compared with white @entity0 at 30 years of age was 0.71 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.52-0.96, but at age 70, it was 0.18 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.09-0.37. For @entity0 , @entity1 and parity were important risk factors for @entity5 (p less than or equal to 0.001), and the use of diuretics was marginally associated (p = 0.08). Black @entity0 compared with white @entity0 had a hazard rate of @entity5 of 0.53 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.24-1.16. For @entity0 , increasing age was related to @entity5 (p less than 0.001), and @entity1 was weakly related (p = 0.06). The black/white hazard ratios decreased further when controlling for socioeconomic status, persisted if the study population was limited to those hospitalized during follow-up, and increased slightly for cases with an acute complication of @entity5 . Thus, differential access to medical care may not explain the lower rate among @entity2 .

title: Low incidence of hospitalization with XXXX among @entity2 in the United States.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Low rates of @entity5 among @entity2 have been reported but not systematically studied. The authors investigated the rate of hospitalization with a diagnosis of @entity5 in the follow-up in 1982-1984 of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a population-based study conducted across the United States in 1971-1975. Based on hospital discharge diagnoses of @entity5 , 368 cases were identified for the period 1971-1984 among 10,551 @entity0 , aged 25-74 years, who denied @entity5 at the baseline examination. The crude incidence of @entity5 per 1,000 @entity0 -years was 2.59 for white @entity0 , 1.45 for black @entity0 , 4.09 for white @entity0 , and 2.35 for black @entity0 . Controlling for @entity1 , parity, @entity4 consumption, use of diuretics, use of oral contraceptives, and two indicators of socioeconomic status, the authors found that the hazard rate of hospitalization with @entity5 increased with age for white @entity0 and @entity3 @entity0 . The hazard ratio for black @entity0 compared with white @entity0 at 30 years of age was 0.71 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.52-0.96, but at age 70, it was 0.18 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.09-0.37. For @entity0 , @entity1 and parity were important risk factors for @entity5 (p less than or equal to 0.001), and the use of diuretics was marginally associated (p = 0.08). Black @entity0 compared with white @entity0 had a hazard rate of @entity5 of 0.53 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.24-1.16. For @entity0 , increasing age was related to @entity5 (p less than 0.001), and @entity1 was weakly related (p = 0.06). The black/white hazard ratios decreased further when controlling for socioeconomic status, persisted if the study population was limited to those hospitalized during follow-up, and increased slightly for cases with an acute complication of @entity5 . Thus, differential access to medical care may not explain the lower rate among @entity2 .

title: Low incidence of hospitalization with @entity5 among XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of centrally acting agents which alter cholinergic activity were assessed in @entity0 rendered tolerant to and dependent on @entity3 (M @entity0 ) and in naive @entity0 ( @entity0 ). In both N and M @entity0 , @entity7 potentiated @entity3 @entity4 slightly, and this action was blocked by @entity8 and @entity9 . When administered 10 min before @entity5 in dependent @entity0 @entity8 enhanced precipitated withdrawal jumping; when given 30 min before @entity5 , @entity8 produced an inhibition of the response. @entity7 abd @entity10 greatly inhibited the jumping response, while @entity11 had no effect. The inhibitory effect of @entity7 on @entity5 precipitated withdrawal jumpimg was reversed by @entity8 and @entity9 but @entity8 did not alter @entity3 tolerance and @entity1 development. Brain @entity2 ( @entity6 ) levels in both N and M @entity0 were increased by @entity7 , the increase being greater in M @entity0 . This increase was blocked by prior administration of @entity8 or @entity9 . When @entity8 was administered to M @entity0 10 min before sacrifice, brain AC-h levels decreased. However, when brain @entity6 levels were determined 30 min after @entity8 , no change was found. It was concluded that @entity6 does not play a major direct role in the development of tolerance and @entity1 , but that @entity6 is involved in the manifestations of acute @entity3 effects and in some of the withdrawal signs in the dependent state.

title: @entity3 tolerance and physical XXXX : influence of cholinergic agonists and antagonists.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of centrally acting agents which alter cholinergic activity were assessed in @entity0 rendered tolerant to and dependent on @entity3 (M @entity0 ) and in naive @entity0 ( @entity0 ). In both N and M @entity0 , @entity7 potentiated @entity3 @entity4 slightly, and this action was blocked by @entity8 and @entity9 . When administered 10 min before @entity5 in dependent @entity0 @entity8 enhanced precipitated withdrawal jumping; when given 30 min before @entity5 , @entity8 produced an inhibition of the response. @entity7 abd @entity10 greatly inhibited the jumping response, while @entity11 had no effect. The inhibitory effect of @entity7 on @entity5 precipitated withdrawal jumpimg was reversed by @entity8 and @entity9 but @entity8 did not alter @entity3 tolerance and @entity1 development. Brain @entity2 ( @entity6 ) levels in both N and M @entity0 were increased by @entity7 , the increase being greater in M @entity0 . This increase was blocked by prior administration of @entity8 or @entity9 . When @entity8 was administered to M @entity0 10 min before sacrifice, brain AC-h levels decreased. However, when brain @entity6 levels were determined 30 min after @entity8 , no change was found. It was concluded that @entity6 does not play a major direct role in the development of tolerance and @entity1 , but that @entity6 is involved in the manifestations of acute @entity3 effects and in some of the withdrawal signs in the dependent state.

title: XXXX tolerance and physical @entity1 : influence of cholinergic agonists and antagonists.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Negative air ions (NAIs) are known to kill @entity2 ; however, their precise mechanism of action is uncertain. Elucidation of this has been hampered by a lack of reproducibility between results obtained by different investigators. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of variation in experimental parameters on the sensitivity of @entity2 to negative air ions and the role of @entity1 in this process. Ten strains of @entity2 were exposed to NAIs generated at different emitter distances, exposure times, relative humidities and under aerobic and @entity0 -free conditions. In further experiments, @entity1 levels were measured under the same conditions. The effect of NAIs on @entity2 growth was assessed by measuring the area of the zone of inhibition generated around the electrode of the ionizer. There was a significant reduction in area of zone of inhibition with increasing emitter distance (P < 0.05), relative humidity (P < 0.05) or under @entity0 -free conditions (P < 0.05). Increases in exposure time resulted in a significant increase in growth inhibition (P < 0.05). @entity1 levels increased with increasing exposure times (P < 0.01) but were significantly reduced as emitter distance increased (P < 0.01). When utilized in a nonventilated room, levels of @entity1 produced did not exceed recognized safety limits. These results (a) demonstrate the importance of careful control of experimental parameters if reproducibility of studies involving NAIs is to be achieved, and (b) highlight the possible role of @entity1 in the microbicidal effects of NAIs.

title: Sensitivity of XXXX to negative air ion streams.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Homozygous @entity9 (HFHC) is a rare @entity2 with an incidence of one in one million. It is associated with severe @entity8 and early death from @entity1 . Mutation in the gene that encodes the synthesis of the cellular receptor for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is responsible for this @entity4 . Currently, the only effective treatment for this disease is liver transplantation, which alone or in association with medications, normalizes plasma @entity3 level. The authors report the results of liver transplantation for two cases of HFHC. The first case, a 15-year-old @entity0 received a whole liver from a deceased donor, and the second, an 11-year-old @entity0 , received a left liver lobe transplant from his mother's sister. Their preoperative fasting lipid concentrations were grossly raised. The older @entity0 had severe @entity8 and had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting 5 months before transplantation. Both had preoperative plasma @entity3 levels higher than 750 mg/dL with normal thyroid and liver function tests. After the operation, the @entity0 received @entity11 as pulse therapy followed by oral @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity10 for immunosuppression. Their hospital stays were 24 and 13 days, respectively. The first case needed reexploration because of @entity5 on the second day after the operation. The lipid concentrations rapidly returned to the normal range in the first week after the operation, remaining in this range over the first 6 months of follow-up. Liver transplantation offers an highly effective treatment for HFHC. It is better to operate on @entity0 before severe @entity8 changes in the coronary arteries. All @entity0 must undergo a complete cardiac evaluation before surgery.

title: Liver transplantation for homozygous XXXX : two case reports.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity6 ( @entity6 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity7 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity6 and the impact of pre-existing @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity6 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity6 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity6 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The @entity6 did not increase the risk of @entity5 . Presence of @entity5 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity4 . Among @entity1 who received @entity6 , @entity2 laterality was not associated with @entity5 outcome. The effect of @entity6 on the heart was not influenced by @entity4 or @entity4 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity6 would increase the risk of @entity5 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity2 laterality, or history of @entity4 or @entity4 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, @entity4 , and XXXX in @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity6 ( @entity6 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity7 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity6 and the impact of pre-existing @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity6 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity6 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity6 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The @entity6 did not increase the risk of @entity5 . Presence of @entity5 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity4 . Among @entity1 who received @entity6 , @entity2 laterality was not associated with @entity5 outcome. The effect of @entity6 on the heart was not influenced by @entity4 or @entity4 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity6 would increase the risk of @entity5 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity2 laterality, or history of @entity4 or @entity4 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, @entity4 , and @entity7 in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity6 ( @entity6 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity7 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity6 and the impact of pre-existing @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity6 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity6 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity6 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The @entity6 did not increase the risk of @entity5 . Presence of @entity5 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity4 . Among @entity1 who received @entity6 , @entity2 laterality was not associated with @entity5 outcome. The effect of @entity6 on the heart was not influenced by @entity4 or @entity4 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity6 would increase the risk of @entity5 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity2 laterality, or history of @entity4 or @entity4 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, XXXX , and @entity7 in @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity6 ( @entity6 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity7 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity6 and the impact of pre-existing @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity6 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity6 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity6 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The @entity6 did not increase the risk of @entity5 . Presence of @entity5 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity4 . Among @entity1 who received @entity6 , @entity2 laterality was not associated with @entity5 outcome. The effect of @entity6 on the heart was not influenced by @entity4 or @entity4 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity6 would increase the risk of @entity5 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity2 laterality, or history of @entity4 or @entity4 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, @entity4 , and @entity7 in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: The histological modification produced by neoadjuvant chemoradiation on primary @entity1 has been investigated by many authors, and a prognostic value of @entity1 regression grade (TRG) has been identified. Tumor regression grade on metastatic mesorectal lymphnodes has been never evaluated. The purpose of this study is to analyse the TRG on mesorectal lymphnodes (lymphnode regression grade, @entity4 ) after preoperative chemoradiation in @entity1 @entity0 and to determine the correlation with TRG of @entity1 . METHODS: Surgical specimens from 35 @entity0 who underwent chemoradiation were included. @entity4 on mesorectal lymphnodes was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Response to treatment was evaluated by a 5-point @entity4 based on the ratio of @entity2 to @entity3 . RESULTS: Complete pathologic response ( @entity4 ) was observed in 18 @entity0 (51%). In 4 @entity0 (11%) no regression was observed ( @entity4 5). In 4 cases only reactive lymphnodes were found. @entity4 on lymphnodes significantly correlated with TRG on @entity1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation determines a @entity1 regression on mesorectal lymphnodes as on @entity1 ; further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity4 .

title: Tumor regression in mesorectal lymphnodes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the United Kingdom, approximately 10.8 million @entity0 suffer from @entity2 , placing an economic burden on the society of more than 2 billion pounds sterling per year. For @entity1 , treatment options consist of allergen avoidance, symptomatic treatment and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Only @entity3 addresses the underlying cause of the disease, reducing symptoms and offering the potential for long-term improvement. Grazax--the first tablet-based @entity3 --is indicated for the treatment of @entity0 with grass pollen-induced @entity4 , including those with co-existing @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of Grazax in @entity0 with @entity4 and co-existing @entity2 . METHODS: A prospective pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out as part of a multinational clinical trial assessing the efficacy of Grazax (n = 79) compared with placebo (n = 72). Both groups had access to symptomatic medication; thus the placebo group represented current standard care. Pooled data on health resource use, productivity loss because of absence from work and quality of life (Quality Adjusted Life Years, QALYs) were collected in the trial. Reduced productivity at work was estimated from the literature. A societal perspective was adopted with a 9-year time horizon. The NHS price of Grazax of 2.25 pounds sterling per tablet was used. RESULTS: The QALY gain was significantly higher for @entity0 treated with Grazax than the placebo group receiving symptomatic medication alone (0.197 discounted QALYs gained 9 years into the future - equal to an extra 72 days of perfect health over 9 years). The levels of resource use and productivity loss were higher for the placebo group. As a result, the cost per QALY gained with Grazax was 4319 pounds sterling , which is highly cost-effective. Price sensitivity analyses demonstrated that Grazax remained cost-effective up to a tablet price of 5.07 pounds sterling . CONCLUSION: @entity3 with Grazax is a cost-effective strategy compared with standard management of @entity0 with @entity4 and co-existing @entity2 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of specific immunotherapy with Grazax in allergic rhinitis co-existing with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterized by variable and reversible @entity6 and is associated with airway @entity1 , airway remodelling (including goblet cell hyperplasia, increased collagen deposition and increased smooth muscle mass) and increased airway responsiveness. It is believed that airway @entity1 plays a critical role in the development of airway remodelling, with @entity7 and @entity5 pathways being strongly associated with the disease progression. @entity0 models of @entity4 are capable of recapitulating some components of @entity4 and have been used to look at both @entity7 and @entity5 pathways, which use @entity8 and @entity9 signalling molecules, respectively. OBJECTIVES: Using brief and chronic models of allergen exposure, we utilized BALB/c and C57Bl/6 to explore the hypothesis that observed differences in responses to allergen between these @entity0 strains will involve fundamental differences in @entity7 and @entity5 responses. METHODS: The following outcome measurements were performed: airway physiology, bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts/cytokine analysis, histology, immunoblots and gene expression assays. RESULTS: We demonstrate in BALB/c @entity0 an @entity7 -dependent phosphorylation of @entity8 , nuclear localized in inflammatory cells, which is associated with indices of airway remodelling and development of @entity3 . In BALB/c @entity0 , phosphorylation of @entity9 is delayed relative to @entity8 activation and also involves an @entity7 -dependent mechanism. In contrast, despite an allergen-induced increase in @entity2 , @entity7 and eosinophils, C57Bl/6 demonstrates a reduced and distinct pattern of phosphorylated @entity8 , no @entity9 phosphorylation changes and fail to develop indices of remodelling or changes in airway function. CONCLUSION: The activation of signalling pathways and nuclear translocation of signalling molecules downstream of @entity7 and @entity5 further support the central role of these molecules in the pathology and dysfunction in animal models of @entity4 . Activation of signalling pathways downstream from @entity7 and @entity5 may be more relevant in disease progression than elevations in airway @entity1 alone.

title: Role of XXXX and @entity9 in a model of chronic allergen exposure: a @entity0 comparison study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterized by variable and reversible @entity6 and is associated with airway @entity1 , airway remodelling (including goblet cell hyperplasia, increased collagen deposition and increased smooth muscle mass) and increased airway responsiveness. It is believed that airway @entity1 plays a critical role in the development of airway remodelling, with @entity7 and @entity5 pathways being strongly associated with the disease progression. @entity0 models of @entity4 are capable of recapitulating some components of @entity4 and have been used to look at both @entity7 and @entity5 pathways, which use @entity8 and @entity9 signalling molecules, respectively. OBJECTIVES: Using brief and chronic models of allergen exposure, we utilized BALB/c and C57Bl/6 to explore the hypothesis that observed differences in responses to allergen between these @entity0 strains will involve fundamental differences in @entity7 and @entity5 responses. METHODS: The following outcome measurements were performed: airway physiology, bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts/cytokine analysis, histology, immunoblots and gene expression assays. RESULTS: We demonstrate in BALB/c @entity0 an @entity7 -dependent phosphorylation of @entity8 , nuclear localized in inflammatory cells, which is associated with indices of airway remodelling and development of @entity3 . In BALB/c @entity0 , phosphorylation of @entity9 is delayed relative to @entity8 activation and also involves an @entity7 -dependent mechanism. In contrast, despite an allergen-induced increase in @entity2 , @entity7 and eosinophils, C57Bl/6 demonstrates a reduced and distinct pattern of phosphorylated @entity8 , no @entity9 phosphorylation changes and fail to develop indices of remodelling or changes in airway function. CONCLUSION: The activation of signalling pathways and nuclear translocation of signalling molecules downstream of @entity7 and @entity5 further support the central role of these molecules in the pathology and dysfunction in animal models of @entity4 . Activation of signalling pathways downstream from @entity7 and @entity5 may be more relevant in disease progression than elevations in airway @entity1 alone.

title: Role of @entity8 and XXXX in a model of chronic allergen exposure: a @entity0 comparison study.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterized by variable and reversible @entity6 and is associated with airway @entity1 , airway remodelling (including goblet cell hyperplasia, increased collagen deposition and increased smooth muscle mass) and increased airway responsiveness. It is believed that airway @entity1 plays a critical role in the development of airway remodelling, with @entity7 and @entity5 pathways being strongly associated with the disease progression. @entity0 models of @entity4 are capable of recapitulating some components of @entity4 and have been used to look at both @entity7 and @entity5 pathways, which use @entity8 and @entity9 signalling molecules, respectively. OBJECTIVES: Using brief and chronic models of allergen exposure, we utilized BALB/c and C57Bl/6 to explore the hypothesis that observed differences in responses to allergen between these @entity0 strains will involve fundamental differences in @entity7 and @entity5 responses. METHODS: The following outcome measurements were performed: airway physiology, bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts/cytokine analysis, histology, immunoblots and gene expression assays. RESULTS: We demonstrate in BALB/c @entity0 an @entity7 -dependent phosphorylation of @entity8 , nuclear localized in inflammatory cells, which is associated with indices of airway remodelling and development of @entity3 . In BALB/c @entity0 , phosphorylation of @entity9 is delayed relative to @entity8 activation and also involves an @entity7 -dependent mechanism. In contrast, despite an allergen-induced increase in @entity2 , @entity7 and eosinophils, C57Bl/6 demonstrates a reduced and distinct pattern of phosphorylated @entity8 , no @entity9 phosphorylation changes and fail to develop indices of remodelling or changes in airway function. CONCLUSION: The activation of signalling pathways and nuclear translocation of signalling molecules downstream of @entity7 and @entity5 further support the central role of these molecules in the pathology and dysfunction in animal models of @entity4 . Activation of signalling pathways downstream from @entity7 and @entity5 may be more relevant in disease progression than elevations in airway @entity1 alone.

title: Role of @entity8 and @entity9 in a model of chronic allergen exposure: a XXXX comparison study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two-stage autogenous brachial vein-brachial artery access (ABBA) has been proposed as an option where adequate superficial vein is not available for the creation of conventional haemodialysis fistulae. METHODS: This report depicts the clinical outcome of a series of 17 consecutive @entity0 who underwent ABBA in a single centre. Of the 17 @entity0 , nine had had at least one previous arterioventricular (AV) @entity2 or graft, and eight were new to haemodialysis. Patencies were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: In 14 @entity0 , the brachial vein was transposed (82%) and the time to transposition ranged from 4 to 26 weeks (median time: 6 weeks). The functional patency rate was 45.75% at 12 months. After stage one, all @entity2 that went on to develop well had a brachial vein flow of at least 900 ml @entity4 ), and this was significantly higher than in @entity2 that failed to develop (p=0.005). The maturation rate in our study was 65% and the median time to cannulation of the @entity2 was 8 weeks from the stage 1. Of the 17 @entity0 , 12 (71%) experienced at least one complication. Ten (59%) demonstrated moderate-to-severe @entity3 ; eight of which necessitated angioplasty and/or percutaneous mechanical thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: ABBA was characterised by a high incidence of complications and a long period to achieve maturation. Despite close monitoring and a high rate of secondary interventions, the patency rate was low. With this experience, we now only consider it an alternative in @entity0 without adequate superficial veins, who have had failed grafts or where there is a very high risk of @entity1 .

title: Autogenous brachial-brachial XXXX for vein access. Haemodynamic factors predicting outcome and 1 year clinical data.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of our study was to assess our experience with the retrievable Gunther Tulip (GT) inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, with regard to its insertion, efficacy, ease of placement and retrieval, and associated complications. Between November 2001 and October 2005, 322 GT filters were placed in 317 @entity0 . Insertion indications included the following: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) prophylaxis in @entity1 @entity0 (n = 232), @entity2 prophylaxis in perioperative @entity0 (n = 27), @entity2 prophylaxis in moribund intensive care unit @entity0 (n = 22), recent @entity2 (n = 48), extensive @entity3 (n = 66), contraindication to anticoagulation (n = 63), anticoagulation complication (n = 8) and @entity3 with failed anticoagulation (n = 8). Some @entity0 had more than one indication for caval filter placement. Two hundred and five attempted retrievals have been carried out, with 15 failures. Our successful retrieval rate is 92%. Nineteen filters were originally inserted permanently. There have been three minor complications associated with insertion and five with retrieval. The mean time from filter insertion to attempted retrieval was 76.95 days. The ideal filter implantation time gives the @entity0 the benefit of @entity2 protection, while avoiding the long-term risks associated with caval filters. Although GT retrieval times have lengthened considerably, our data suggest that this is at the expense of successful retrieval rates.

title: Retrievable Gunther Tulip inferior vena cava filter: experience in 317 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The inclusion criteria were established for a videothoracoscopic resection of @entity1 . We retrospectively evaluated the validity of these criteria in the treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: The computed tomography (CT) image characteristics and clinical information comprised these criteria. The image considerations included the location of the @entity1 in the anterior mediastinum, a distinct fat plane between the @entity1 and vital organs, unilateral @entity1 predominance, @entity1 encapsulation, the existence of residual normal-appearing thymic tissue, and no mass compression effect. All enrollees were expected to be free of @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity6 of the hemidiaphragm, and the encasement of great vessels. An elevation of either the serum @entity3 or beta- @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin levels, severe @entity4 , @entity9 , hoarseness, and age less than 20 years excluded the @entity0 from enrollment. The heterogeneous content of the @entity1 was not an exclusion criterion, and the @entity1 size was not considered important. According to the above criteria, 44 @entity0 were enrolled between November 1999 and November 2005. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity0 had stage I @entity5 and 17 had @entity2 . All @entity0 successfully underwent a complete @entity1 resection using a three-port endoscopic technique. There was no open conversion. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these criteria, we can select suitable @entity0 to confidently perform a thoracoscopic resection of @entity1 .

title: Characteristics of XXXX successfully resected by videothoracoscopic surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To stably maintain pregnancy, several genes are expressed in the uterus. In particular, the endometrial expression of genes encoding growth factors appears to play a key role in maternal-foetal communication. The previous studies characterized the endometrial expression kinetics of the genes encoding @entity3 ( @entity3 ), its receptor ( @entity5 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity8 and @entity4 (CaBP-9k) in @entity2 during implantation. Here, we further characterized the expression patterns of these molecules during the entire porcine pregnancy. Porcine uteri were collected at @entity1 ( @entity1 ) 12, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 110 and subjected to RT-PCR. @entity3 and @entity5 showed similar expression patterns, being highly expressed around implantation and then disappearing. @entity7 and @entity6 expression levels rose steadily until they peaked at PD30, after which they gradually decreased to PD12 levels. This @entity6 mRNA expression pattern was confirmed by real-time PCR and similar @entity6 protein expression patterns were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of PD60 uteri revealed @entity6 in the glandular and luminal epithelial cells. @entity8 was steadily expressed throughout the entire pregnancy, while CaBP-9k was expressed strongly on PD12, and then declined sharply on PD15 before recovering slightly for the remainder of the pregnancy. Thus, the @entity3 family may play a key role during implantation in @entity2 . In addition, CaBP-9k may help to maintain uterine quiescence during pregnancy by sequestering cytoplasmic @entity0 .

title: Uterine expression of XXXX family during the course of pregnancy in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: To stably maintain pregnancy, several genes are expressed in the uterus. In particular, the endometrial expression of genes encoding growth factors appears to play a key role in maternal-foetal communication. The previous studies characterized the endometrial expression kinetics of the genes encoding @entity3 ( @entity3 ), its receptor ( @entity5 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity8 and @entity4 (CaBP-9k) in @entity2 during implantation. Here, we further characterized the expression patterns of these molecules during the entire porcine pregnancy. Porcine uteri were collected at @entity1 ( @entity1 ) 12, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 110 and subjected to RT-PCR. @entity3 and @entity5 showed similar expression patterns, being highly expressed around implantation and then disappearing. @entity7 and @entity6 expression levels rose steadily until they peaked at PD30, after which they gradually decreased to PD12 levels. This @entity6 mRNA expression pattern was confirmed by real-time PCR and similar @entity6 protein expression patterns were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of PD60 uteri revealed @entity6 in the glandular and luminal epithelial cells. @entity8 was steadily expressed throughout the entire pregnancy, while CaBP-9k was expressed strongly on PD12, and then declined sharply on PD15 before recovering slightly for the remainder of the pregnancy. Thus, the @entity3 family may play a key role during implantation in @entity2 . In addition, CaBP-9k may help to maintain uterine quiescence during pregnancy by sequestering cytoplasmic @entity0 .

title: Uterine expression of @entity3 family during the course of pregnancy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the regulation of connexins ( @entity4 and @entity3 ) in the @entity0 ovary (experiment 1-3). Experiment 1: ovaries containing preovulatory follicles or corpora lutea (CL) were collected at 0, 4, 10, 20, 25 (follicles) and 60 h (CL) relative to injection of @entity1 . Experiment 2: CL were assigned to the following stages: days 1-2, 3-4, 5-7, 8-12, 13-16, >18 (after regression) of oestrous cycle and of early and late pregnancy (<4 and >4 months). Experiment 3: induced luteolysis, @entity0 on days 8-12 were injected with PGF2alpha analogue ( @entity2 ), and CL were collected by transvaginal ovariectomy before and 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 64 h after PGF2alpha injection. Real-time RT-PCR was applied to investigate mRNA expression and immunofluorescence was utilized for protein localization. @entity4 mRNA increased rapidly 4 h after @entity1 injection (during LH surge) and decreased afterwards during the whole experimental period. @entity3 mRNA expression decreased continuously after @entity1 application. @entity4 mRNA in CL increased significantly in the second part of oestrous cycle and after regression. In contrast, the highest mRNA expression for @entity3 in CL was detected during the early luteal phase. After induced luteolysis the mRNA expression of @entity4 increased significantly at 24 h. As shown by immunofluorescence, @entity4 was predominantly localized in the connective tissue and blood vessels of @entity0 CL, whereas @entity3 was present in the luteal cells and blood vessels. This resulted in a strong increase of @entity4 expression during the late luteal phase and after luteal regression. Subsequently, @entity3 expression was distinctly decreased after luteal regression. These data suggest that @entity4 and @entity3 are involved in the local cellular mechanisms participating in tissue remodelling during the critical time around periovulation as well as during CL formation (angiogenesis), function and regression in the @entity0 ovary.

title: Expression and localization of gap junctional connexins 26 and 43 in XXXX periovulatory follicles and in corpus luteum during different functional stages of oestrous cycle and pregnancy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The composition of @entity2 coronary plaque is a major determinant of future clinical events. Spectral analysis of IVUS radiofrequency data has demonstrated potential to provide detailed quantitative information on plaque composition. We prospectively assessed plaque composition in matched coronary segments at a six-month interval and sought to explore correlations between temporal changes in plaque composition and circulating biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty coronary segments (mean baseline length, 29.9+/-14.1mm) with non-significant angiographic (<50 % diameter) stenosis, in non-culprit vessels of @entity0 (n=20) referred for percutaneous intervention, were studied at baseline and six-month follow-up. Spectral analysis of IVUS radiofrequency data, obtained with a 30 MHz catheter in segments matched on predefined anatomic landmarks, was performed with IVUS-Virtual Histology software. After 6 months, an overall decrease in the level of different biomarkers of instability was present. There were no significant changes in absolute values (mm2) of plaque components; @entity1 (0.036+/-0.05 vs. 0.033+/-0.04), fibrous (2.68+/-1.5 vs. 2.90+/-1.5), fibrolipidic (0.77+/-0.4 vs. 0.73+/-0.4), and lipid core (0.42+/-0.4 vs. 0.52+/-0.5), between baseline and six-months. Nor did any conventional IVUS variable (lumen, vessel, or plaque cross-sectional area, or percent area stenosis). Change in lipid core area (r=0.51, p=0.024), fibrous area (r=0.49, p=0.033) and @entity1 area (r=0.63, p=0.004), were significantly correlated with change in @entity3 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Routine medical care does not result in significant overall changes in IVUS-derived plaque size or composition over a 6-month period. This study provides indication of quantifiable boundaries beyond which modifications in tissue composition might be interpreted as statistically significant.

title: First-in- XXXX prospective evaluation of temporal changes in coronary plaque composition by in vivo intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis: an Integrated Biomarker and Imaging Study (IBIS) substudy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and influence of continuing an epidural infusion of 0.0625% @entity2 -0.0002% @entity3 during the second stage of labor in nulliparous @entity0 . When the cervix was fully dilated, coded study solution was substituted for the known @entity2 - @entity3 solution. The study solution for 29 @entity0 was 0.0625% @entity2 -0.0002% @entity3 ; 34 @entity0 received saline placebo. The two groups had similar @entity1 scores during the first stage of labor. During the second stage, @entity1 scores were significantly higher in the saline-placebo group at each 30-min interval between 60 and 150 min after the diagnosis of full cervical dilation. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the two groups in global assessment of analgesia quality during the second stage, but the difference occurred in those @entity0 with a second-stage duration of greater than or equal to 60 min. Among the @entity0 who delivered vaginally, eleven of 28 (39%) @entity0 in the @entity2 - @entity3 group, versus five of 34 (15%) in the saline-placebo group, had surgical perineal anesthesia for vaginal delivery (P less than .05). Six of 28 (21%) @entity0 in the @entity2 - @entity3 group, and five of 34 (15%) in the saline-placebo group, underwent instrumental vaginal delivery (P = NS). The median duration of the second stage of labor was 53 min (range = 5-283) in the @entity2 - @entity3 group, and 63 min (range = 16-181) in the saline-placebo group (P = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Continuous epidural infusion of 0.0625% XXXX -0.0002% @entity3 during the second stage of labor.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and influence of continuing an epidural infusion of 0.0625% @entity2 -0.0002% @entity3 during the second stage of labor in nulliparous @entity0 . When the cervix was fully dilated, coded study solution was substituted for the known @entity2 - @entity3 solution. The study solution for 29 @entity0 was 0.0625% @entity2 -0.0002% @entity3 ; 34 @entity0 received saline placebo. The two groups had similar @entity1 scores during the first stage of labor. During the second stage, @entity1 scores were significantly higher in the saline-placebo group at each 30-min interval between 60 and 150 min after the diagnosis of full cervical dilation. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the two groups in global assessment of analgesia quality during the second stage, but the difference occurred in those @entity0 with a second-stage duration of greater than or equal to 60 min. Among the @entity0 who delivered vaginally, eleven of 28 (39%) @entity0 in the @entity2 - @entity3 group, versus five of 34 (15%) in the saline-placebo group, had surgical perineal anesthesia for vaginal delivery (P less than .05). Six of 28 (21%) @entity0 in the @entity2 - @entity3 group, and five of 34 (15%) in the saline-placebo group, underwent instrumental vaginal delivery (P = NS). The median duration of the second stage of labor was 53 min (range = 5-283) in the @entity2 - @entity3 group, and 63 min (range = 16-181) in the saline-placebo group (P = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Continuous epidural infusion of 0.0625% @entity2 -0.0002% XXXX during the second stage of labor.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A prospective study was performed to determine the value of sonoelastography (SE) targeted biopsy for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) detection. A series of 230 male screening volunteers was examined. Two independent examiners evaluated each subject. One single investigator performed < or =5 SE targeted biopsies into suspicious regions in the peripheral zone only. The stiffness of the lesion was displayed by SE and color-coded from red (soft) to blue (hard). @entity2 were considered as malignant and targeted by biopsy. Subsequently, another examiner performed ten systematic biopsies. @entity1 detection rates of the two techniques were compared. @entity1 was detected in 81 of the 230 @entity0 (35%), including 68 (30%) by SE targeted biopsy and in 58 (25%) by systematic biopsy. @entity1 was detected by targeted biopsy alone in 23 @entity0 (10%) and by systematic biopsy alone in 13 @entity0 (6%). The detection rate for SE targeted biopsy cores (12.7% or 135 of 1,109 cores) was significantly better than for systematic biopsy cores (5.6% or 130 of 2,300 cores, P < 0.001). SE targeted biopsy in a @entity0 with @entity1 was 2.9-fold more likely to detect @entity3 than systematic biopsy. SE targeted biopsy detected more cases of @entity3 than systematic biopsy, with fewer than half the number of biopsy cores in this prostate-specific antigen screening population.

title: Comparison of sonoelastography guided biopsy with systematic biopsy: impact on XXXX detection.

answer: @entity3