abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the response and @entity4 of advanced non-metastatic @entity6 of upper aerodigestive tract (SCC-UADT) to a combination of cetuximab concomitant with @entity3 and radiotherapy. METHODS: We managed @entity0 with concomitant treatment of cetuximab (400 mg/m(2) as uploading dose, then 250 mg/m(2), IV) concomitant with @entity3 (50 mg/m(2)) weekly for seven courses, and radiotherapy in classical fractionation until completion of 70 Gy. Primary endpoints were complete response (CR) to treatment and @entity4 . We evaluated @entity0 for @entity4 on a weekly basis; evaluation of response included physical examination, endoscopy, computed tomography (CT) scan and biopsy when indicated, and was performed 6 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. Additional evaluations were done every 3 months to document disease status. Between November 2004 and November 2005, 20 @entity0 were included. RESULTS: CR was 82.4%, overall response was 100%. @entity2 reached CR in 61.5% and partial in 38.5% of @entity0 . The main @entity4 were @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity1 . Grade 3 and 4 side effects were presented in 70.6% of @entity0 , but @entity1 , and @entity8 without clinical repercussions, occurred in 88.2% of @entity0 . Gastrostomy was required in 11.8% of @entity0 to maintain nutrition. Radioepithelitis developed in 76.5%, but only three of these (23.1%) were grade III. Median overall survival was 53 months (range 6-55 months) and median progression-free survival has not yet been reached at the time of evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity4 is important, this approach has interesting activity and deserves further investigation.

title: Cetuximab concomitant with @entity3 and radiotherapy in advanced XXXX of upper aerodigestive tract: a pilot study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the response and @entity4 of advanced non-metastatic @entity6 of upper aerodigestive tract (SCC-UADT) to a combination of cetuximab concomitant with @entity3 and radiotherapy. METHODS: We managed @entity0 with concomitant treatment of cetuximab (400 mg/m(2) as uploading dose, then 250 mg/m(2), IV) concomitant with @entity3 (50 mg/m(2)) weekly for seven courses, and radiotherapy in classical fractionation until completion of 70 Gy. Primary endpoints were complete response (CR) to treatment and @entity4 . We evaluated @entity0 for @entity4 on a weekly basis; evaluation of response included physical examination, endoscopy, computed tomography (CT) scan and biopsy when indicated, and was performed 6 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. Additional evaluations were done every 3 months to document disease status. Between November 2004 and November 2005, 20 @entity0 were included. RESULTS: CR was 82.4%, overall response was 100%. @entity2 reached CR in 61.5% and partial in 38.5% of @entity0 . The main @entity4 were @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity1 . Grade 3 and 4 side effects were presented in 70.6% of @entity0 , but @entity1 , and @entity8 without clinical repercussions, occurred in 88.2% of @entity0 . Gastrostomy was required in 11.8% of @entity0 to maintain nutrition. Radioepithelitis developed in 76.5%, but only three of these (23.1%) were grade III. Median overall survival was 53 months (range 6-55 months) and median progression-free survival has not yet been reached at the time of evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity4 is important, this approach has interesting activity and deserves further investigation.

title: Cetuximab concomitant with XXXX and radiotherapy in advanced @entity6 of upper aerodigestive tract: a pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm birth occurs in 5%-13% of pregnancies. It is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity and has adverse long-term consequences for the health of the @entity0 . Because of the role @entity8 plays in @entity2 , and because low concentrations of @entity8 have been found in @entity0 with @entity7 , we hypothesized that low maternal @entity8 status during early gestation would increase the risk of @entity5 . METHODS: White Dutch @entity0 with a singleton pregnancy (n = 1197) were followed prospectively from 12 weeks' gestation. @entity0 with @entity6 or @entity3 1 @entity1 were excluded. At delivery, 1129 @entity0 had complete birth-outcome data. Serum concentrations of @entity8 were measured during the 12th week of pregnancy. Deliveries were classified as preterm or term, and preterm births were subcategorized as iatrogenic, spontaneous or the result of premature @entity4 . RESULTS: Of the 60 @entity0 (5.3%) who had a @entity5 , 21 had premature @entity4 and 13 had @entity7 . The serum @entity8 concentration at 12 weeks' gestation was significantly lower among @entity0 who had a @entity5 than among those who delivered at term (mean 0.96 [standard deviation (SD) 0.14]  mol/L v. 1.02 [SD 0.13]  mol/L; t = 2.9, p = 0.001). @entity0 were grouped by quartile of serum @entity8 concentration at 12 weeks' gestation. The number of @entity0 who had a @entity5 significantly differed by quartile (     = 8.01, 3 degrees of freedom], p < 0.05). @entity0 in the lowest quartile of serum @entity8 had twice the risk of @entity5 as @entity0 in the upper three quartiles, even after adjustment for the occurrence of @entity7 (adjusted odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.25-3.77). INTERPRETATION: Having low serum @entity8 at the end of the first trimester was related to @entity5 and was independent of the mother having @entity7 . Low maternal @entity8 status during early gestation may increase the risk of preterm premature @entity4 , which is a major cause of @entity5 .

title: Maternal XXXX status during early gestation and risk for @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm birth occurs in 5%-13% of pregnancies. It is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity and has adverse long-term consequences for the health of the @entity0 . Because of the role @entity8 plays in @entity2 , and because low concentrations of @entity8 have been found in @entity0 with @entity7 , we hypothesized that low maternal @entity8 status during early gestation would increase the risk of @entity5 . METHODS: White Dutch @entity0 with a singleton pregnancy (n = 1197) were followed prospectively from 12 weeks' gestation. @entity0 with @entity6 or @entity3 1 @entity1 were excluded. At delivery, 1129 @entity0 had complete birth-outcome data. Serum concentrations of @entity8 were measured during the 12th week of pregnancy. Deliveries were classified as preterm or term, and preterm births were subcategorized as iatrogenic, spontaneous or the result of premature @entity4 . RESULTS: Of the 60 @entity0 (5.3%) who had a @entity5 , 21 had premature @entity4 and 13 had @entity7 . The serum @entity8 concentration at 12 weeks' gestation was significantly lower among @entity0 who had a @entity5 than among those who delivered at term (mean 0.96 [standard deviation (SD) 0.14]  mol/L v. 1.02 [SD 0.13]  mol/L; t = 2.9, p = 0.001). @entity0 were grouped by quartile of serum @entity8 concentration at 12 weeks' gestation. The number of @entity0 who had a @entity5 significantly differed by quartile (     = 8.01, 3 degrees of freedom], p < 0.05). @entity0 in the lowest quartile of serum @entity8 had twice the risk of @entity5 as @entity0 in the upper three quartiles, even after adjustment for the occurrence of @entity7 (adjusted odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.25-3.77). INTERPRETATION: Having low serum @entity8 at the end of the first trimester was related to @entity5 and was independent of the mother having @entity7 . Low maternal @entity8 status during early gestation may increase the risk of preterm premature @entity4 , which is a major cause of @entity5 .

title: Maternal @entity8 status during early gestation and risk for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature and identify alternatives to @entity7 for use in the Wada test. DATA SOURCES: A search of PubMed (1960-October 2010) was performed using the following key words alone or in combination: Wada test, intracarotid amobarbital procedure, intracarotid, intraarterial, @entity7 , @entity4 , Brevital, @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity3 , and alternative anesthetics. References of the identified articles were reviewed for relevant information. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles in English identified from the data sources were evaluated. Review included comparative, prospective, and retrospective studies along with case series and case reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity3 have all been studied as alternatives to @entity7 in the Wada test. Four controlled experimental trials, 1 uncontrolled experimental trial, 6 retrospective chart reviews, and 2 case reports were reviewed. @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity3 required a second injection due to their short duration of action. @entity6 was studied as a bolus injection followed by a continuous infusion until the critical speech and memory tests were administered, which differed from the standard Wada test procedure. @entity0 had an increased risk of @entity1 with @entity4 , whereas 1 @entity0 developed transient @entity2 immediately after receiving @entity5 . Furthermore, @entity3 caused increased tone with twitching and rhythmic movements, which interfered with the completion of the Wada test for 1 @entity0 . All authors concluded that these agents were equivalent to amobarbital for the Wada test. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity3 are viable alternatives to @entity7 for use in the Wada test, but each has shortcomings.

title: Alternatives to XXXX in the Wada test.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The @entity1 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) has demonstrated that intensive @entity1 treatment delays the onset and slows the progression of @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity9 . A detailed description of the effects of this treatment on @entity10 is presented here. In the primary prevention cohort, intensive treatment reduced the mean adjusted risk of the cumulative incidence of microalbuminuria (> or = 28 micrograms/min) by 34% (95% CI 2, 56%; P = 0.04). Furthermore, intensive treatment decreased the albumin excretion rate (AER) by 15% after the first year of therapy (6.5 vs. 7.7 micrograms/min, P < 0.001). Thereafter the rates of change for AER within each treatment group were no different from zero, retaining a constant difference in AER between groups in the trial. In the secondary intervention cohort with baseline AER < 28 micrograms/min, intensive therapy reduced the mean adjusted risk of microalbuminuria (> or = 28 micrograms/min) by 43% (95% CI 21, 58%; P < 0.0001); the risk of a more advanced level of microalbuminuria (> or = 70 micrograms/min) by 56% (95% CI 26, 74%; P = 0.002); and the risk of clinical @entity5 (> or = 208 micrograms/min) by 56% (95% CI 18, 76%; P < 0.01). In the secondary intervention cohort, values for AER at year 1 were identical at 9 micrograms/min, but the 6.5% change per year in the conventional group greatly exceeded the rate of change of -0.3% in the intensive group (P < 0.001). Among the 73 secondary cohort subjects with AER levels > or = 28 micrograms/min but < or = 139 micrograms/min at baseline, the reduction of progression to clinical @entity5 with intensive therapy was not statistically significant. The longitudinal treatment effect of conventional versus intensive therapy (11.0% vs. 2.5% per year, respectively, P = 0.087) was similar in magnitude to that among @entity0 with AER < 28 micrograms/min at baseline. For the primary, secondary and combined cohorts, there were no significant differences in the rates of change in @entity8 clearance (CCr) between treatment groups during the study. Only seven subjects in the entire study (2 intensive, 5 conventional) developed urinary AER > or = 208 micrograms/min coupled with a CCr < 70 ml/ @entity7 .73 m2. Neither the rate of change of blood pressure nor the appearance of @entity4 (BP > 140/90 mm Hg) differed significantly between treatment groups in the primary, secondary or combined cohorts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of @entity10 in the @entity1 Control and Complications Trial. The XXXX Control and Complications (DCCT) Research Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity1 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) has demonstrated that intensive @entity1 treatment delays the onset and slows the progression of @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity9 . A detailed description of the effects of this treatment on @entity10 is presented here. In the primary prevention cohort, intensive treatment reduced the mean adjusted risk of the cumulative incidence of microalbuminuria (> or = 28 micrograms/min) by 34% (95% CI 2, 56%; P = 0.04). Furthermore, intensive treatment decreased the albumin excretion rate (AER) by 15% after the first year of therapy (6.5 vs. 7.7 micrograms/min, P < 0.001). Thereafter the rates of change for AER within each treatment group were no different from zero, retaining a constant difference in AER between groups in the trial. In the secondary intervention cohort with baseline AER < 28 micrograms/min, intensive therapy reduced the mean adjusted risk of microalbuminuria (> or = 28 micrograms/min) by 43% (95% CI 21, 58%; P < 0.0001); the risk of a more advanced level of microalbuminuria (> or = 70 micrograms/min) by 56% (95% CI 26, 74%; P = 0.002); and the risk of clinical @entity5 (> or = 208 micrograms/min) by 56% (95% CI 18, 76%; P < 0.01). In the secondary intervention cohort, values for AER at year 1 were identical at 9 micrograms/min, but the 6.5% change per year in the conventional group greatly exceeded the rate of change of -0.3% in the intensive group (P < 0.001). Among the 73 secondary cohort subjects with AER levels > or = 28 micrograms/min but < or = 139 micrograms/min at baseline, the reduction of progression to clinical @entity5 with intensive therapy was not statistically significant. The longitudinal treatment effect of conventional versus intensive therapy (11.0% vs. 2.5% per year, respectively, P = 0.087) was similar in magnitude to that among @entity0 with AER < 28 micrograms/min at baseline. For the primary, secondary and combined cohorts, there were no significant differences in the rates of change in @entity8 clearance (CCr) between treatment groups during the study. Only seven subjects in the entire study (2 intensive, 5 conventional) developed urinary AER > or = 208 micrograms/min coupled with a CCr < 70 ml/ @entity7 .73 m2. Neither the rate of change of blood pressure nor the appearance of @entity4 (BP > 140/90 mm Hg) differed significantly between treatment groups in the primary, secondary or combined cohorts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of @entity10 in the XXXX Control and Complications Trial. The @entity1 Control and Complications (DCCT) Research Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity1 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) has demonstrated that intensive @entity1 treatment delays the onset and slows the progression of @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity9 . A detailed description of the effects of this treatment on @entity10 is presented here. In the primary prevention cohort, intensive treatment reduced the mean adjusted risk of the cumulative incidence of microalbuminuria (> or = 28 micrograms/min) by 34% (95% CI 2, 56%; P = 0.04). Furthermore, intensive treatment decreased the albumin excretion rate (AER) by 15% after the first year of therapy (6.5 vs. 7.7 micrograms/min, P < 0.001). Thereafter the rates of change for AER within each treatment group were no different from zero, retaining a constant difference in AER between groups in the trial. In the secondary intervention cohort with baseline AER < 28 micrograms/min, intensive therapy reduced the mean adjusted risk of microalbuminuria (> or = 28 micrograms/min) by 43% (95% CI 21, 58%; P < 0.0001); the risk of a more advanced level of microalbuminuria (> or = 70 micrograms/min) by 56% (95% CI 26, 74%; P = 0.002); and the risk of clinical @entity5 (> or = 208 micrograms/min) by 56% (95% CI 18, 76%; P < 0.01). In the secondary intervention cohort, values for AER at year 1 were identical at 9 micrograms/min, but the 6.5% change per year in the conventional group greatly exceeded the rate of change of -0.3% in the intensive group (P < 0.001). Among the 73 secondary cohort subjects with AER levels > or = 28 micrograms/min but < or = 139 micrograms/min at baseline, the reduction of progression to clinical @entity5 with intensive therapy was not statistically significant. The longitudinal treatment effect of conventional versus intensive therapy (11.0% vs. 2.5% per year, respectively, P = 0.087) was similar in magnitude to that among @entity0 with AER < 28 micrograms/min at baseline. For the primary, secondary and combined cohorts, there were no significant differences in the rates of change in @entity8 clearance (CCr) between treatment groups during the study. Only seven subjects in the entire study (2 intensive, 5 conventional) developed urinary AER > or = 208 micrograms/min coupled with a CCr < 70 ml/ @entity7 .73 m2. Neither the rate of change of blood pressure nor the appearance of @entity4 (BP > 140/90 mm Hg) differed significantly between treatment groups in the primary, secondary or combined cohorts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of XXXX in the @entity1 Control and Complications Trial. The @entity1 Control and Complications (DCCT) Research Group.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whipple surgery (pancreaticodeudenectomy) has a high complication rate. We aimed to evaluate whether adding Braun jejunojejunostomy (side-to-side @entity2 of afferent and efferent loops distal to the gastrojejunostomy site) to a standard Whipple procedure would reduce @entity3 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing @entity0 who underwent standard Whipple surgery (standard group) and @entity0 who underwent standard Whipple surgery with Braun jejunojejunostomy (Braun group). @entity0 were followed for 1 month after the procedure and @entity3 were recorded. RESULTS: Our study included 30 @entity0 : 15 in the Braun and 15 in the standard group. In the Braun group, 4 (26.7%) @entity0 experienced 6 complications, whereas in the standard group, 7 (46.7%) @entity0 experienced 11 complications (p = 0.14). Complications in the Braun group were @entity7 and wound @entity4 (n = 1 each) and @entity5 and @entity6 (n = 2 each). Complications in the standard group were @entity1 , pancreatic @entity2 leak and biliary @entity2 leak (n = 1 each); @entity7 (n = 2); and afferent @entity8 and @entity5 (n = 3 each). There was no significant difference between groups in the subtypes of complications. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that adding Braun jejunojejunostomy to standard Whipple procedure was associated with lower rates of afferent @entity8 and @entity5 . However, more studies are needed to define the role of Braun jejunojejunostomy in this regard. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT2014020316473N1 (www.irct.ir).

title: Effects of adding Braun jejunojejunostomy to standard Whipple procedure on reduction of afferent XXXX - a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overuse of computed tomography (CT) for minor @entity3 continues despite developed and rigorously validated clinical decision rules like the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR). Adherence to this sensitive and specific rule could decrease the number of CT scans performed in minor @entity3 by 35%. But in practice, the CCHR has failed to reduce testing, despite its accurate performance. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to identify nonclinical, @entity0 factors that promote or inhibit the appropriate use of CT in @entity0 presenting to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with minor @entity3 . METHODS: This was a qualitative study in three phases, each with interview guides developed by a multidisciplinary team. Subjects were recruited from @entity0 treated and released with minor @entity3 and providers in an urban academic @entity2 and a satellite community @entity2 . Focus groups of @entity0 (four groups, 22 subjects total) and providers (three groups, 22 subjects total) were conducted until thematic saturation was reached. The findings from the focus groups were triangulated with a cognitive task analysis, including direct observation in the @entity2 (>150  hours), and individual semistructured interviews using the critical decision method with four senior physician subject matter experts. These experts are recognized by their peers for their skill in safely minimizing testing while maintaining @entity0 safety and engagement. Focus groups and interviews were audio recorded and notes were taken by two independent note takers. Notes were entered into ATLAS.ti and analyzed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory, an iterative coding process to determine themes. Data were double-coded and examined for discrepancies to establish consensus. RESULTS: Five core domains emerged from the analysis: establishing trust, @entity1 ( @entity0 and provider), constraints related to @entity2 practice, the influence of others, and @entity0 expectations. Key themes within these domains included @entity0 engagement, provider confidence and experience, ability to identify and manage @entity0 @entity1 , time constraints, concussion knowledge gap, influence of health care providers, and @entity0 expectations to get a CT. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high-quality evidence informing use of CT in minor @entity3 , multiple factors influence the decision to obtain CT in practice. Identifying and disseminating approaches and designing systems that help clinicians establish trust and manage uncertainty within the @entity2 context could optimize CT use in minor @entity3 .

title: Understanding Overuse of Computed Tomography for Minor XXXX in the Emergency Department: A Triangulated Qualitative Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: IL-1 is a key cytokine that promotes @entity1 and @entity2 , as a result of its ability to stimulate lung fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, two hallmarks of @entity2 . The @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an important natural inhibitor of IL-1-mediated functions. In models of @entity5 induced by chemotherapeutic agents or noxious particles, administration of @entity6 significantly ameliorates lung @entity2 . Lung tissue undergoing an inflammatory response shows elevations in @entity6 , although it is not clear which pulmonary cells are responsible for the @entity6 synthesis. The purpose of this research was to determine whether @entity4 + and @entity4 - subsets of @entity0 lung fibroblasts were capable of synthesizing @entity6 . In this report, it is demonstrated for the first time that lung fibroblasts are capable of synthesizing @entity6 . Both @entity4 + and @entity4 - parental lines and clones constitutively express @entity6 mRNA. Quantitation of @entity6 protein indicates that @entity4 + and @entity4 - fibroblasts secrete similar levels of secreted but not intracellular @entity6 . @entity4 - fibroblasts accumulate higher levels of @entity6 intracellularly. Moreover, fibroblast-conditioned supernatants containing @entity6 significantly suppress the mitogenic response of a T cell clone, D10G4.1, to concanavalin A and @entity3 . Overall, our observations indicate that @entity4 + and @entity4 - fibroblasts release @entity6 and possess an IL-1-specific inhibitory activity in their supernatants. In vivo, fibroblast-derived @entity6 may serve to regulate IL-1-mediated effects in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion to maintain homeostasis in the pulmonary interstitium.

title: Synthesis of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist by @entity4 + and XXXX - @entity0 lung fibroblast subsets.

answer: @entity4


abstract: IL-1 is a key cytokine that promotes @entity1 and @entity2 , as a result of its ability to stimulate lung fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, two hallmarks of @entity2 . The @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an important natural inhibitor of IL-1-mediated functions. In models of @entity5 induced by chemotherapeutic agents or noxious particles, administration of @entity6 significantly ameliorates lung @entity2 . Lung tissue undergoing an inflammatory response shows elevations in @entity6 , although it is not clear which pulmonary cells are responsible for the @entity6 synthesis. The purpose of this research was to determine whether @entity4 + and @entity4 - subsets of @entity0 lung fibroblasts were capable of synthesizing @entity6 . In this report, it is demonstrated for the first time that lung fibroblasts are capable of synthesizing @entity6 . Both @entity4 + and @entity4 - parental lines and clones constitutively express @entity6 mRNA. Quantitation of @entity6 protein indicates that @entity4 + and @entity4 - fibroblasts secrete similar levels of secreted but not intracellular @entity6 . @entity4 - fibroblasts accumulate higher levels of @entity6 intracellularly. Moreover, fibroblast-conditioned supernatants containing @entity6 significantly suppress the mitogenic response of a T cell clone, D10G4.1, to concanavalin A and @entity3 . Overall, our observations indicate that @entity4 + and @entity4 - fibroblasts release @entity6 and possess an IL-1-specific inhibitory activity in their supernatants. In vivo, fibroblast-derived @entity6 may serve to regulate IL-1-mediated effects in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion to maintain homeostasis in the pulmonary interstitium.

title: Synthesis of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist by XXXX + and @entity4 - @entity0 lung fibroblast subsets.

answer: @entity4


abstract: IL-1 is a key cytokine that promotes @entity1 and @entity2 , as a result of its ability to stimulate lung fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, two hallmarks of @entity2 . The @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an important natural inhibitor of IL-1-mediated functions. In models of @entity5 induced by chemotherapeutic agents or noxious particles, administration of @entity6 significantly ameliorates lung @entity2 . Lung tissue undergoing an inflammatory response shows elevations in @entity6 , although it is not clear which pulmonary cells are responsible for the @entity6 synthesis. The purpose of this research was to determine whether @entity4 + and @entity4 - subsets of @entity0 lung fibroblasts were capable of synthesizing @entity6 . In this report, it is demonstrated for the first time that lung fibroblasts are capable of synthesizing @entity6 . Both @entity4 + and @entity4 - parental lines and clones constitutively express @entity6 mRNA. Quantitation of @entity6 protein indicates that @entity4 + and @entity4 - fibroblasts secrete similar levels of secreted but not intracellular @entity6 . @entity4 - fibroblasts accumulate higher levels of @entity6 intracellularly. Moreover, fibroblast-conditioned supernatants containing @entity6 significantly suppress the mitogenic response of a T cell clone, D10G4.1, to concanavalin A and @entity3 . Overall, our observations indicate that @entity4 + and @entity4 - fibroblasts release @entity6 and possess an IL-1-specific inhibitory activity in their supernatants. In vivo, fibroblast-derived @entity6 may serve to regulate IL-1-mediated effects in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion to maintain homeostasis in the pulmonary interstitium.

title: Synthesis of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist by @entity4 + and @entity4 - XXXX lung fibroblast subsets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Devise simplified formulae, using preoperative clinical data, to give risk estimates of (1) @entity1 and (2) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) following primary @entity4 repair by vitrectomy. METHODS: 641 @entity0 were analysed as part of an RCT investigating use of @entity3 and low-molecular-weight heparin. Treatment status had no effect on success rates and did not therefore form part of the analyses. Preoperative risk factors for surgical @entity1 and for @entity5 within 6 months of @entity4 surgery were identified, and a multiple variable logistic regression model developed. Further analyses were performed to devise a simple points system to produce risk estimates of @entity1 . RESULTS: Three risk factors were related to @entity1 -previous lens extraction (p=0.046), grade C @entity5 (p=0.039) and extent of detachment (p<0.001). Three risk factors were also related to @entity1 due to @entity5 -vitreous @entity2 (p=0.088), grade C @entity5 (p=0.044) and extent of detachment (p<0.001). There was good agreement between risk estimates produced by the points system and those calculated directly using a multivariate regression model. The points-system model gave an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.658. The receiver operating characteristic curve for the @entity5 model gave an area under the curve of 0.8399 suggesting greater diagnostic value. CONCLUSIONS: A simple points system may be used as a clinical guide to identify @entity0 at higher risk of @entity1 following @entity4 repair by vitrectomy. This may help clinicians select appropriate surgical approaches and stratify cases in research and surgical training.

title: @entity4 repair by vitrectomy: simplified formulae to estimate the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Devise simplified formulae, using preoperative clinical data, to give risk estimates of (1) @entity1 and (2) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) following primary @entity4 repair by vitrectomy. METHODS: 641 @entity0 were analysed as part of an RCT investigating use of @entity3 and low-molecular-weight heparin. Treatment status had no effect on success rates and did not therefore form part of the analyses. Preoperative risk factors for surgical @entity1 and for @entity5 within 6 months of @entity4 surgery were identified, and a multiple variable logistic regression model developed. Further analyses were performed to devise a simple points system to produce risk estimates of @entity1 . RESULTS: Three risk factors were related to @entity1 -previous lens extraction (p=0.046), grade C @entity5 (p=0.039) and extent of detachment (p<0.001). Three risk factors were also related to @entity1 due to @entity5 -vitreous @entity2 (p=0.088), grade C @entity5 (p=0.044) and extent of detachment (p<0.001). There was good agreement between risk estimates produced by the points system and those calculated directly using a multivariate regression model. The points-system model gave an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.658. The receiver operating characteristic curve for the @entity5 model gave an area under the curve of 0.8399 suggesting greater diagnostic value. CONCLUSIONS: A simple points system may be used as a clinical guide to identify @entity0 at higher risk of @entity1 following @entity4 repair by vitrectomy. This may help clinicians select appropriate surgical approaches and stratify cases in research and surgical training.

title: XXXX repair by vitrectomy: simplified formulae to estimate the risk of @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is one of the diseases that generates @entity1 worldwide, and it is estimated that one in four @entity0 has or has had this kind of illness during their lives. Since the beginning, @entity2 has been frequently linked to stigma and prejudice, which has important implications for the exercise of their @entity0 rights, including the right to health, as these preconceptions can delay their early detection and timely treatment. Eliminating stigma requires multiple interventions, in which the participation of @entity0 with these illnesses can be very helpful. Social networks portray an alternative for them and for @entity0 interested in this topic, helping them interact, clarify some concerns and doubts, and perhaps even modify their exclusion status. METHOD: Describing the experience of the opinion and support group on Facebook called "Aceptando mentes dementes" ("Accepting Demented Minds"), created for @entity0 with mental illnesses, their families and any @entity0 interested in this matter, which seeks to make the impact and consequences that result from stigma more noticable. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data collected over two and a half years of operation of the group, formed by 764 members from different countries. RESULTS: The aims of the group, as regards the spreading of information, interaction through shared experiences, and obtaining support were reached. CONCLUSIONS: Social networks allow the creation of communities that share specific needs, such as understanding and support, and all this at low cost. Knowing and being conscious about the stigma linked to @entity2 helps raise awareness and generate options for change. To maintain and link it to other resources, the group will be included in the web site www.mentalpuntoapoyo.com.

title: ["Accepting Demented Minds". Opinion Group, Information and Support on Stigma of XXXX on Facebook].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The endocannabinoid system in animals and @entity0 is involved in the onset of diverse diseases, including @entity1 and @entity7 , which is a major @entity4 characterized by high @entity3 (HG)-induced apoptosis of mesangial cells. @entity11 induce physiological and behavioral effects by activating two specific receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB(1)R) and @entity10 (CB(2)R). However, the pathophysiology of CB(1)R in @entity7 has not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of HG on CB(1)R expression and its signaling pathways in primary cultured @entity2 mesangial cells. HG significantly increased CB(1)R mRNA and protein levels in a time-dependent manner and induced CB(1)R internalization. @entity8 and @entity15 ) were involved in the HG-induced increase in CB(1)R levels. Using a CB(1)R antagonist ( @entity13 ) and CB(1) siRNA transfection, we showed that HG-induced CB(1)R is linked to apoptosis. Specifically, HG inhibited the expression of @entity14 , but induced increases in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, including phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase-like ER-associated kinase, p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2a, p-activating transcription factor-4, and C/EBP homologous protein. In addition, HG increased the @entity6 / @entity5 ratio and increased the amounts of cleaved @entity12 polymerase and @entity9 . These apoptotic effects were prevented by @entity13 and by the downregulation of CB(1)R expression by small interfering RNA. We propose a mechanism by which blockade of CB(1)R attenuates HG-induced apoptosis in @entity2 mesangial cells. Our findings suggest that blockade of CB(1)R may be a potential therapy in @entity7 .

title: Cannabinoid receptor 1 mediates high XXXX -induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in primary cultured @entity2 mesangial cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The endocannabinoid system in animals and @entity0 is involved in the onset of diverse diseases, including @entity1 and @entity7 , which is a major @entity4 characterized by high @entity3 (HG)-induced apoptosis of mesangial cells. @entity11 induce physiological and behavioral effects by activating two specific receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB(1)R) and @entity10 (CB(2)R). However, the pathophysiology of CB(1)R in @entity7 has not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of HG on CB(1)R expression and its signaling pathways in primary cultured @entity2 mesangial cells. HG significantly increased CB(1)R mRNA and protein levels in a time-dependent manner and induced CB(1)R internalization. @entity8 and @entity15 ) were involved in the HG-induced increase in CB(1)R levels. Using a CB(1)R antagonist ( @entity13 ) and CB(1) siRNA transfection, we showed that HG-induced CB(1)R is linked to apoptosis. Specifically, HG inhibited the expression of @entity14 , but induced increases in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, including phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase-like ER-associated kinase, p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2a, p-activating transcription factor-4, and C/EBP homologous protein. In addition, HG increased the @entity6 / @entity5 ratio and increased the amounts of cleaved @entity12 polymerase and @entity9 . These apoptotic effects were prevented by @entity13 and by the downregulation of CB(1)R expression by small interfering RNA. We propose a mechanism by which blockade of CB(1)R attenuates HG-induced apoptosis in @entity2 mesangial cells. Our findings suggest that blockade of CB(1)R may be a potential therapy in @entity7 .

title: Cannabinoid receptor 1 mediates high @entity3 -induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in primary cultured XXXX mesangial cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distal radial fractures occur earlier in life than hip and @entity2 and may be the first sign of @entity1 . The aims of this case-control study were to compare the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity1 between female and male @entity0 with @entity2 and matched controls and to investigate whether observed differences in bone mineral density between @entity0 and controls could be explained by potential confounders. METHODS: Six hundred and sixty-four female and eighty-five male @entity0 who sustained a distal radial fracture, and 554 female and fifty-four male controls, were included in the study. All @entity2 were radiographically confirmed. Bone mineral density was assessed with use of dual x-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck, total hip (femoral neck, trochanter, and intertrochanteric area), and lumbar spine (L2-L4). A self-administered questionnaire provided information on health and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1 was 34% in female @entity0 and 10% in female controls. The corresponding values were 17% in male @entity0 and 13% in male controls. In the age group of fifty to fifty-nine years, 18% of female @entity0 and 5% of female controls had @entity1 . In the age group of sixty to sixty-nine years, the corresponding values were 25% and 7%, respectively. In adjusted conditional logistic regression analyses, @entity3 and @entity1 were significantly associated with @entity2 in @entity0 . @entity1 was significantly associated with @entity2 in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 is high compared with that in control subjects, and @entity1 is a risk factor for @entity2 in both @entity0 and @entity0 . Thus, @entity0 of both sexes with an age of fifty years or older who have a distal radial fracture should be evaluated with bone densitometry for the possible treatment of @entity1 .

title: XXXX as a risk factor for @entity2 : a case-control study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distal radial fractures occur earlier in life than hip and @entity2 and may be the first sign of @entity1 . The aims of this case-control study were to compare the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity1 between female and male @entity0 with @entity2 and matched controls and to investigate whether observed differences in bone mineral density between @entity0 and controls could be explained by potential confounders. METHODS: Six hundred and sixty-four female and eighty-five male @entity0 who sustained a distal radial fracture, and 554 female and fifty-four male controls, were included in the study. All @entity2 were radiographically confirmed. Bone mineral density was assessed with use of dual x-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck, total hip (femoral neck, trochanter, and intertrochanteric area), and lumbar spine (L2-L4). A self-administered questionnaire provided information on health and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1 was 34% in female @entity0 and 10% in female controls. The corresponding values were 17% in male @entity0 and 13% in male controls. In the age group of fifty to fifty-nine years, 18% of female @entity0 and 5% of female controls had @entity1 . In the age group of sixty to sixty-nine years, the corresponding values were 25% and 7%, respectively. In adjusted conditional logistic regression analyses, @entity3 and @entity1 were significantly associated with @entity2 in @entity0 . @entity1 was significantly associated with @entity2 in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 is high compared with that in control subjects, and @entity1 is a risk factor for @entity2 in both @entity0 and @entity0 . Thus, @entity0 of both sexes with an age of fifty years or older who have a distal radial fracture should be evaluated with bone densitometry for the possible treatment of @entity1 .

title: @entity1 as a risk factor for XXXX : a case-control study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We directly compared three techniques for the diagnosis of group A @entity1 in 500 symptomatic @entity0 seen in the Emergency Department or @entity0 Care Clinic of The @entity0 's Hospital of Denver. Throats were vigorously swabbed with two rayon swabs, which were transported immediately to the Microbiology Laboratory. Each swab was cultured aerobically on Strep A Isolation Agar (Remel) and then tested for antigen-one swab by the Strep A OIA optical immune assay (BioStar) and the other by the TestPack Plus Strep A (Abbott) technique. Each test was performed blind to the others. The refrigerated pledget was cultured in Todd-Hewitt broth if an antigen test was positive and both direct plate cultures were negative (the "gold standard" was any culture positive). All isolates were serologically grouped. Of 500 complete @entity0 cultures, 151 (30%) were positive for group A streptococcal growth. The two antigen tests gave comparable results with an average sensitivity of 83%. Each was significantly (P < 0.02) less sensitive than its corresponding culture. The BioStar Strep A OIA optical immune assay produced significantly (P < 0.003) more false-positive results than did the Abbott test. Rapid antigen testing is not sensitive enough to eliminate the need for backup cultures.

title: Comparison of BioStar Strep A OIA optical immune assay, Abbott TestPack Plus Strep A, and culture with selective media for diagnosis of group A XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Noncardiovascular adverse effects associated with @entity3 result in substantial morbidity. Adverse effects involving the skin, liver, thyroid, and lungs have been reported in as many as 57%, 55%, 11%, and 13% of @entity0 , respectively. Although risk factors for some @entity3 -induced adverse effects have been identified, risk factors for these specific side effects have not been systematically evaluated. Therefore, risk factors for development of @entity3 -induced dermatologic, hepatic, thyroid, or pulmonary adverse effects were identified using univariate analysis in 44 @entity0 receiving the drug for supraventricular or @entity2 (mean duration of therapy 99.5 +/- 110.8 weeks). Dermatologic side effects occurred in 4 (9.1%) @entity0 . @entity0 who experienced dermatologic side effects were younger than @entity0 who did not (mean age, 48.3 +/- 15.8 years versus 60.1 +/- 9.5 years, respectively; P = .03). @entity0 younger than 60 years of age were more likely to develop @entity1 than those aged 60 or older (P = .05). Hepatic adverse effects occurred in 3 (6.8%) @entity0 . Left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in those who developed hepatic adverse effects than in those who did not (15.0 +/- 4.0% versus 39.1 +/- 13.9%, P = .005). Adverse thyroid effects occurred in 6 (13.6%) @entity0 ; and @entity4 occurred in 2 (4.5%) @entity0 . No specific risk factors for adverse thyroid effects or @entity4 were revealed. In conclusion, age less than 60 may be a risk factor for @entity3 -induced dermatologic adverse effects, whereas severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction may be a risk factor for hepatic side effects associated with @entity3 .

title: Risk factors for the development of specific noncardiovascular adverse effects associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few data regarding @entity3 are available in Italy. We examined the frequency of @entity3 and its associations with risk factors in a homogeneous Northern Sardinian population undergoing colonoscopy for any reason in the last decades. METHODS: This was a retrospective single-center study. Medical records of @entity0 undergoing colonoscopy for any indication between 1995 and 2013 were reviewed. Demographic information including age, gender, geographic area (urban, rural), marital status, smoking habit, occupation, body mass index, and comorbidities were collected. Presence, number, and extension of @entity4 were assessed by colonoscopy. The diagnosis of @entity4 was defined by the presence of more than five @entity4 . RESULTS: A total of 4458 records were collected (39.8  % males). Analysis by birth cohorts showed a significant progressive age-related increase in the prevalence of @entity4 . The average prevalence was 18.9  % without significant variation across the 19-year observation period. In 101 (12.1  %) subjects @entity4 were single or few. Seventy-one percent of @entity4 were located predominantly in the left side, 2  % in the right side, and 14.3  % were spread throughout the colon. There was a significant association with @entity1 but not with smoking habits, marital status, or urban versus rural environment. A strong association was observed between the presence of @entity4 and cardiovascular and other @entity2 (p  <  0.0001). These associations were also confirmed by the logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In this endoscopic study, @entity3 in Northern Sardinia showed prevalence similar to other series in Western countries, and it was predominantly left sided and age related.

title: Risk factors associated with XXXX among @entity0 from a defined geographic area.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few data regarding @entity3 are available in Italy. We examined the frequency of @entity3 and its associations with risk factors in a homogeneous Northern Sardinian population undergoing colonoscopy for any reason in the last decades. METHODS: This was a retrospective single-center study. Medical records of @entity0 undergoing colonoscopy for any indication between 1995 and 2013 were reviewed. Demographic information including age, gender, geographic area (urban, rural), marital status, smoking habit, occupation, body mass index, and comorbidities were collected. Presence, number, and extension of @entity4 were assessed by colonoscopy. The diagnosis of @entity4 was defined by the presence of more than five @entity4 . RESULTS: A total of 4458 records were collected (39.8  % males). Analysis by birth cohorts showed a significant progressive age-related increase in the prevalence of @entity4 . The average prevalence was 18.9  % without significant variation across the 19-year observation period. In 101 (12.1  %) subjects @entity4 were single or few. Seventy-one percent of @entity4 were located predominantly in the left side, 2  % in the right side, and 14.3  % were spread throughout the colon. There was a significant association with @entity1 but not with smoking habits, marital status, or urban versus rural environment. A strong association was observed between the presence of @entity4 and cardiovascular and other @entity2 (p  <  0.0001). These associations were also confirmed by the logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In this endoscopic study, @entity3 in Northern Sardinia showed prevalence similar to other series in Western countries, and it was predominantly left sided and age related.

title: Risk factors associated with @entity3 among XXXX from a defined geographic area.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 30-year-old @entity0 fell from the fourth floor of a building and suffered a @entity3 . He was transported to our hospital within 50 minutes. Chest roentgenography showed left hemopneumothorax and a shift of the mediastinal shadow to the right. Furthermore, most of the left upper lobe did not appear collapsed, and an infiltrative shadow and light macular shadows were noted. These findings led to a diagnosis of @entity1 . The volume of blood in the left drainage tube reached about 1,000 mL within 1 hour. Therefore, we performed emergency room thoracotomy (ERT) and clamped the pulmonary hilum manually. We then moved him to an operating room. Upon surgery, we found extensive laceration of the whole lung, and left pneumonectomy was necessary. He was discharged on hospital day 58. ERT and pulmonary hilum clamping may improve the survival of @entity0 with @entity1 and uncontrollable @entity2 .

title: A case of @entity1 associated with blunt XXXX treated by emergency room thoracotomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 30-year-old @entity0 fell from the fourth floor of a building and suffered a @entity3 . He was transported to our hospital within 50 minutes. Chest roentgenography showed left hemopneumothorax and a shift of the mediastinal shadow to the right. Furthermore, most of the left upper lobe did not appear collapsed, and an infiltrative shadow and light macular shadows were noted. These findings led to a diagnosis of @entity1 . The volume of blood in the left drainage tube reached about 1,000 mL within 1 hour. Therefore, we performed emergency room thoracotomy (ERT) and clamped the pulmonary hilum manually. We then moved him to an operating room. Upon surgery, we found extensive laceration of the whole lung, and left pneumonectomy was necessary. He was discharged on hospital day 58. ERT and pulmonary hilum clamping may improve the survival of @entity0 with @entity1 and uncontrollable @entity2 .

title: A case of XXXX associated with blunt @entity3 treated by emergency room thoracotomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 of the esophagus with @entity1 invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae is known to have lymph node @entity0 and lymphatic or blood vessel invasion compared with @entity2 . In submucosal and T2-3 @entity2 , lymph node and lymphatic/vascular involvement are shown more frequently, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, we examined proliferative activity of @entity7 including @entity2 in relation to clinicopathological findings. 77 cases of @entity7 , including 23 cases of @entity6 (Tis+ @entity9 ), 35 cases of @entity2 (T1b) and 19 cases of advanced @entity2 (T2+T3) undergoing surgical resection without preoperative treatment were studied using monoclonal antibody @entity8 for Ki-67 antigen immunohistochemically, and the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was calculated. The @entity4 of @entity8 positive nuclei correlated with the depth of @entity1 invasion was significantly increased in the @entity1 invading beyond the musculais mucosae. The @entity4 at the invasive tip was significantly higher than that at the core of differentiated @entity2 . The @entity4 values at both invasive tip and core of poorly differentiated @entity2 were higher than those of differentiated @entity2 with significant difference. The @entity4 at the invasive @entity2 with lymph node @entity0 or lymphatic invasion was significantly higher than that without them. Proliferative activities of @entity3 cell, immunostaining with @entity8 , had correlations to depth of @entity1 invasion, differentiation, lymph node @entity0 and lymphatic invasion with significant difference. But if invading deeper than m3, the proliferative activity did not increase anymore.

title: Acceleration of the proliferative activity of @entity3 with invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae; immunohistochemical analysis using XXXX for the Ki-67 antigen.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity5 of the esophagus with @entity1 invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae is known to have lymph node @entity0 and lymphatic or blood vessel invasion compared with @entity2 . In submucosal and T2-3 @entity2 , lymph node and lymphatic/vascular involvement are shown more frequently, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, we examined proliferative activity of @entity7 including @entity2 in relation to clinicopathological findings. 77 cases of @entity7 , including 23 cases of @entity6 (Tis+ @entity9 ), 35 cases of @entity2 (T1b) and 19 cases of advanced @entity2 (T2+T3) undergoing surgical resection without preoperative treatment were studied using monoclonal antibody @entity8 for Ki-67 antigen immunohistochemically, and the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was calculated. The @entity4 of @entity8 positive nuclei correlated with the depth of @entity1 invasion was significantly increased in the @entity1 invading beyond the musculais mucosae. The @entity4 at the invasive tip was significantly higher than that at the core of differentiated @entity2 . The @entity4 values at both invasive tip and core of poorly differentiated @entity2 were higher than those of differentiated @entity2 with significant difference. The @entity4 at the invasive @entity2 with lymph node @entity0 or lymphatic invasion was significantly higher than that without them. Proliferative activities of @entity3 cell, immunostaining with @entity8 , had correlations to depth of @entity1 invasion, differentiation, lymph node @entity0 and lymphatic invasion with significant difference. But if invading deeper than m3, the proliferative activity did not increase anymore.

title: Acceleration of the proliferative activity of XXXX with invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae; immunohistochemical analysis using @entity8 for the Ki-67 antigen.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe @entity5 formation complications in @entity6 of @entity0 with @entity7 and percutaneous drainage. METHODS: Three @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity6 were diagnosed as having intratumor @entity5 formation. Percutaneous drainage was the initial method of treatment in each case. Two subsequently underwent surgical resection and one @entity0 refused surgery and was lost to follow-up. RESULTS: In each case, percutaneous drainage and antibiotics resulted in clinical improvement. In two, fistulous communication with the small bowel could be demonstrated, presumed to be the cause of @entity5 formation. Surgical resection confirmed @entity3 communication to the small bowel. In the third @entity0 , no @entity3 was seen and only percutaneous drainage was performed. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity7 and desmoids is suggestive of @entity5 formation in these @entity1 . Percutaneous drainage is useful as initial management.

title: XXXX formation in @entity6 of @entity7 and percutaneous drainage: a report of three cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe @entity5 formation complications in @entity6 of @entity0 with @entity7 and percutaneous drainage. METHODS: Three @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity6 were diagnosed as having intratumor @entity5 formation. Percutaneous drainage was the initial method of treatment in each case. Two subsequently underwent surgical resection and one @entity0 refused surgery and was lost to follow-up. RESULTS: In each case, percutaneous drainage and antibiotics resulted in clinical improvement. In two, fistulous communication with the small bowel could be demonstrated, presumed to be the cause of @entity5 formation. Surgical resection confirmed @entity3 communication to the small bowel. In the third @entity0 , no @entity3 was seen and only percutaneous drainage was performed. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity7 and desmoids is suggestive of @entity5 formation in these @entity1 . Percutaneous drainage is useful as initial management.

title: @entity5 formation in @entity6 of XXXX and percutaneous drainage: a report of three cases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe @entity5 formation complications in @entity6 of @entity0 with @entity7 and percutaneous drainage. METHODS: Three @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity6 were diagnosed as having intratumor @entity5 formation. Percutaneous drainage was the initial method of treatment in each case. Two subsequently underwent surgical resection and one @entity0 refused surgery and was lost to follow-up. RESULTS: In each case, percutaneous drainage and antibiotics resulted in clinical improvement. In two, fistulous communication with the small bowel could be demonstrated, presumed to be the cause of @entity5 formation. Surgical resection confirmed @entity3 communication to the small bowel. In the third @entity0 , no @entity3 was seen and only percutaneous drainage was performed. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity7 and desmoids is suggestive of @entity5 formation in these @entity1 . Percutaneous drainage is useful as initial management.

title: @entity5 formation in XXXX of @entity7 and percutaneous drainage: a report of three cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dynamic regulation of endothelial cell adhesion is central to vascular development and maintenance. Furthermore, altered endothelial adhesion is implicated in numerous diseases. Thus, normal vascular patterning and maintenance require tight regulation of endothelial cell adhesion dynamics. Yet, the mechanisms that control junctional plasticity are not fully understood. @entity0 is an adhesive protein found in adherens junctions of endothelial cells. @entity0 mediates adhesion through trans interactions formed by its extracellular domain. Trans binding is followed by cis interactions that laterally cluster the cadherin in junctions. @entity0 is linked to the actin cytoskeleton through cytoplasmic interactions with b and a-catenin, which serve to increase adhesive strength. Furthermore, @entity1 binds to the cytoplasmic tail of the cadherin and stabilizes it at the plasma membrane. Here, we report that induced cis-dimerization of @entity0 inhibits endocytosis independent of both @entity1 binding and trans interactions. However, we find that @entity2 , a protein that links membrane proteins to the spectrin-actin cytoskeleton, associates with @entity0 and inhibits its endocytosis. @entity2 inhibits @entity0 endocytosis independent of @entity1 binding. We propose a model in which @entity2 associates with and inhibits the endocytosis of @entity0 cis-dimers. Our findings support a novel mechanism for regulation of @entity0 endocytosis through ankyrin association with cadherin engaged in lateral interactions.

title: XXXX inhibits endocytosis of cadherin dimers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Regurgitation and aspiration of feedings is a significant problem in @entity0 with impaired oral intake fed via gastrostomy. Using extended (18-24 hour) esophageal pH monitoring to assess @entity1 ( @entity1 ), we studied prospectively 32 @entity0 (aged 2 to 16 years) referred for feeding gastrostomy. Twenty-five @entity0 had repeat esophageal pH monitoring after surgery. Prior to surgery, @entity1 was documented in 23 (72%) of the 32 @entity0 . Twenty-two of the 23 @entity0 with @entity1 before surgery had an antireflux operation performed in conjunction with the feeding gastrostomy. @entity1 was clinically significant in the single failed antireflux operation and in the @entity0 with @entity1 before surgery who only had a gastrostomy performed. All nine @entity0 without @entity1 only had gastrostomy performed. Six of these developed @entity1 by pH monitoring after surgery, with significant @entity2 in four. Of our 11 @entity0 remaining at risk for @entity1 after surgery, seven (64%) had persistent @entity2 with @entity3 . Thus, 91% (29 of 32) of the @entity0 were potentially at risk for @entity1 if a gastrostomy only was performed. We believe these data support the need for a "protective" antireflux operation in @entity0 referred for feeding gastrostomy.

title: Protective antireflux operation with feeding gastrostomy. Experience with XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The reactions of kidney function elicited by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion were studied in six groups of chloralosed @entity3 in which the Nn. vagi, the breathing reaction, the increase of the mean systemic arterial blood pressure, and the carotid body chemoreceptors were excluded successively. @entity2 in the control animals caused a rise of the mean systemic arterial blood pressure, hyperventilation, and an increase in renal @entity4 and water excretion, resulting from an inhibition of tubular reabsorption. Bilateral cervical vagotomy, relaxation and constant artificial ventilation only slightly modified this renal response. Inactivation of the carotid body chemoreceptors in vagotomized and constantly ventilated @entity3 attenuated the natriuresis due to @entity2 regardless of the behaviour of the renal perfusion pressure. On the other hand, keeping the mean arterial blood pressure during @entity2 constant by the bleeding technique also reduced the natriuretic reaction. @entity3 with both inactivated carotid body chemoreceptors and constant renal perfusion pressure exhibited an antinatriuretic reaction during carotid clamping. From these data it is concluded that in narcotized @entity3 the natriuretic response during @entity2 is the result of both a stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors and the rise of the renal perfusion pressure. In contrast, in @entity1 this so-called carotid-sinus- @entity5 seems to be induced solely by the increase of the systemic arterial blood pressure. The findings additionally indicated that the arterial chemoreceptors may be involved in the physiological daily control of renal @entity4 excretion already at normal arterial @entity0 tension under sea-level conditions.

title: Kidney function during common carotid artery occlusion in anaesthetized XXXX : influence of vagotomy, constant ventilation, blood pressure stabilization, and carotid body chemoreceptor inactivation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since little information is available on the capacity of the @entity1 to adapt to a moderate decrease in energy intake, the effect of a 10-week moderately energy-restricted diet (ER) on energy expenditure and body composition was studied. DESIGN: A controlled intervention study. After a weight-maintaining run-in period of 2 weeks, the ER group received a diet that contained 9.2 MJ/day on average, i.e. 80% of the energy of their habitual diet (estimated by means of a 7-day dietary record) for the next ten weeks while the control group received the weight-maintaining diet. SETTING: Subjects continued daily life habits and came to the Institute every evening to have dinner and to receive food for the next 24 h. SUBJECTS: 24 healthy @entity1 , middle-aged @entity0 participated. Subjects were matched for age and body mass index and randomly assigned to a control group (n = 8) or an ER group (n = 16). RESULTS: Average daily metabolic rate (ADMR, i.e. total energy expenditure), measured with doubly labeled water in eight subjects of the ER group, appeared to be 82.5% of reported energy intake resulting in an actual level of energy restriction in these eight subjects of 33% on average (range 18-42%), rather than 20%. Subjects in the ER group lost 7.4 +/- 1.7 kg; 83% of this @entity2 was fat mass, 17% was fat-free mass. Subjects in the control group lost some weight too (2.1 +/- 1.5 kg). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) (MJ/day) decreased in the ER group (P < 0.001). In this group the thyroid hormone @entity3 (T3) decreased (P < 0.001), while reverse T3 (rT3) increased (P < 0.05). ADMR decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Under conditions of a controlled moderately energy-restricted diet in daily life a significant @entity2 can be induced, similar to that observed after a balanced dietary deficit, providing 5 MJ/day. In addition, moderate energy restriction induces a decrease in fat-free mass and a fall in RMR.

title: Impact of a moderately energy-restricted diet on energy metabolism and body composition in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since little information is available on the capacity of the @entity1 to adapt to a moderate decrease in energy intake, the effect of a 10-week moderately energy-restricted diet (ER) on energy expenditure and body composition was studied. DESIGN: A controlled intervention study. After a weight-maintaining run-in period of 2 weeks, the ER group received a diet that contained 9.2 MJ/day on average, i.e. 80% of the energy of their habitual diet (estimated by means of a 7-day dietary record) for the next ten weeks while the control group received the weight-maintaining diet. SETTING: Subjects continued daily life habits and came to the Institute every evening to have dinner and to receive food for the next 24 h. SUBJECTS: 24 healthy @entity1 , middle-aged @entity0 participated. Subjects were matched for age and body mass index and randomly assigned to a control group (n = 8) or an ER group (n = 16). RESULTS: Average daily metabolic rate (ADMR, i.e. total energy expenditure), measured with doubly labeled water in eight subjects of the ER group, appeared to be 82.5% of reported energy intake resulting in an actual level of energy restriction in these eight subjects of 33% on average (range 18-42%), rather than 20%. Subjects in the ER group lost 7.4 +/- 1.7 kg; 83% of this @entity2 was fat mass, 17% was fat-free mass. Subjects in the control group lost some weight too (2.1 +/- 1.5 kg). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) (MJ/day) decreased in the ER group (P < 0.001). In this group the thyroid hormone @entity3 (T3) decreased (P < 0.001), while reverse T3 (rT3) increased (P < 0.05). ADMR decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Under conditions of a controlled moderately energy-restricted diet in daily life a significant @entity2 can be induced, similar to that observed after a balanced dietary deficit, providing 5 MJ/day. In addition, moderate energy restriction induces a decrease in fat-free mass and a fall in RMR.

title: Impact of a moderately energy-restricted diet on energy metabolism and body composition in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The cyanobacterial toxin @entity3 (MCLR) is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, and is selectively toxic to the liver in vivo and to isolated hepatocytes in vitro. This selectivity is believed to be due to toxin uptake via @entity2 carriers. We investigated at the light and ultrastructural levels the effects of high concentrations of MCLR and long incubation times to determine in vitro whether fibroblasts and kidney cells (non-target cells) respond in the same manner as do hepatocytes (target cells) at low concentrations and short incubation times. Cultured @entity0 skin fibroblasts (ATCC 1213) and @entity0 kidney epithelial cells (ATCC 1571) were incubated with with MCLR at 133 microM for 1-24 hr. Lesions in these cells were compared with those in cultured hepatocytes incubated MCLR at 13.3 microM from 1 to 32 min. Lesions in hepatocytes, kidney cells, and fibroblasts were noted at 4 min, 1 hr, and 8 hr, respectively, after initial exposure to MCLR. Lesions in all three cell types progressed and included plasma membrane blebbing, loss of cell-to-cell contact, clumping and rounding of cells, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and redistribution of cytoplasmic organelles. Loss of microvilli, whorling of rough endoplasmic reticulum, dense staining and dilated cristae in mitochondria, and @entity1 were noted only in hepatocytes. Nuclear changes typical of apoptosis were observed only in fibroblasts and kidney cells. Similarities in responses of different cell types to MCLR exposure probably reflect a common biochemical mechanism of action, i.e., inhibition of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A as described by others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative pathology of XXXX in cultured hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and renal epithelial cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many topical agents have been used for promotion of healing of @entity3 . One such agent that has been tried is @entity2 . The effect of @entity2 on cutaneous healing has been suggested. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of topical @entity2 in healing of venous ulcerations. METHODS: One hundred and four @entity0 with @entity3 were recruited in this study. They were divided into study group and control group. The study group was 54 @entity0 while control group was 50 @entity0 . @entity0 in the study group were subjected to dressing of their @entity1 with topical @entity2 once daily while @entity0 in the control group were subjected to dressing with normal saline. All @entity0 were followed up for eight weeks and assessed for their @entity1 status and recorded as: complete healing, partial healing, no improvement or worsening of the condition. RESULTS: By the end of the eight weeks, complete healing was evident in 35/54 of the @entity0 (64.8%) in the study group and 26/50 of the @entity0 (52%) in the control group. It was statistically significant (p = .04). The rate of reduction in the mean surface area of the @entity1 was faster in the study group than control group. Minor side effects were reported among 4 @entity0 (7.4%) of the study group in the form of burning sensation. CONCLUSION: Topical @entity2 can be used to enhance healing of @entity3 in conjunction with the established treatment. It has favorable results and tolerable local side effects.

title: The use of topical XXXX for healing of chronic venous ulcerations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Bioprocesses for recombinant protein production with @entity0 cells are typically controlled for several physicochemical parameters including the pH and dissolved @entity2 concentration (DO) of the culture medium. Here we studied whether these controls are necessary for efficient and reproducible bioprocesses in an orbitally shaken bioreactor (OSR). Mixing, gas transfer, and volumetric power consumption (P(V)) were determined in both a 5-L OSR and a 3-L stirred-tank bioreactor (STR). The two cultivation systems had a similar mixing intensity, but the STR had a lower volumetric mass transfer coefficient of @entity2 (k(L)a) and a higher P(V) than the OSR. Recombinant @entity4 expressing either @entity1 necrosis factor receptor as an Fc fusion protein (TNFR:Fc) or an anti-RhesusD monoclonal antibody were cultivated in the two systems. The 5-L OSR was operated in an incubator shaker with 5% @entity3 in the gas environment but without pH and DO control whereas the STR was operated with or without pH and DO control. Higher cell densities and recombinant protein titers were obtained in the OSR as compared to both the controlled and the non-controlled STRs. To test the reproducibility of a bioprocess in a non-controlled OSR, the two @entity4 were each cultivated in parallel in six 5-L OSRs. Similar cell densities, cell viabilities, and recombinant protein titers along with similar pH and DO profiles were achieved in each group of replicates. Our study demonstrated that bioprocesses can be performed in OSRs without pH or DO control in a highly reproducible manner, at least at the scale of operation studied here.

title: Efficient and reproducible XXXX cell bioprocesses without probes and controllers?

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity5 [ @entity5 ] and @entity7 [ @entity7 ]). METHODS: Thirty @entity0 over six years of age regularly followed in a reference out- @entity0 clinic on @entity3 were studied. All of them have been treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy. @entity2 were evaluated analysing clinical data (medical records review), lung function test (spirometry) and pulmonary imaging (chest computed tomography [CCT]). RESULTS: @entity0 with normal CCT (N = 14) and those with abnormal CCT (N = 16) have shown no differences regarding the age at onset of symptoms, age of diagnosis, and duration of IVIG treatment. The mean number of @entity1 episodes before IVIG replacement was significantly higher among @entity0 with abnormal CCT (4 vs 7 episodes, p = 0.008). @entity4 observed in 16 @entity0 were: bronchiectasis (12/16); peribronchial thickening (3/16); air trapping (5/16); lung volume reduction (4/16); atelectasis (2/16), @entity6 and ground-glass abnormality (2/16) and parenchyma nodule (1/16). Lung function tests showed ventilatory disturbance in 18/30: obstructive pattern in 38.8%, restrictive pattern in 44.4%, and mix pattern in 16.7%. There were no significant differences in lung function between those with and without @entity4 . Negative significant correlations were observed between lung function and number of episodes of @entity1 . Chronic persistent cough was associated with a @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 are not rare in patients with antibody deficiencies and they must be monitored.

title: XXXX in patients with antibody deficiency.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a valuable predictor of @entity1 . However, neither reference values nor determinants are known in @entity0 . METHODS: @entity5 was assessed as sonographically measured intra-abdominal depth in 1,046 @entity0 [median age 7.6 years, interquartile range (IQR) 7.2-7.9; 54% @entity0 ] of the URMEL-ICE study. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver agreement was 0.93. The median @entity5 showed a significant gender difference ( @entity0 : 54.6 mm, IQR 50.1-59.3, vs. @entity0 : 51.7 mm, IQR 46.3-56.4; p < 0.001). Age- and gender-specific centiles were generated. @entity5 showed a positive correlation to systolic blood pressure [regression coefficient (b) = 0.24 mm Hg/mm; p < 0.001] and a negative correlation to HDL @entity2 (b = -0.01 mmol/l/mm; p < 0.001). @entity5 showed a positive association with increased paternal and maternal BMI (b = 0.28 mm/kg/m(2) and 0.27 mm/kg/m(2); p < 0.001), increased @entity4 in the first 2 years of life (b = 3.04 mm; p < 0.001), and maternal @entity3 during pregnancy (b = 2.4 mm; p = 0.001). Increased parental education was negatively associated with @entity5 (maternal: b = -0.65 mm/degree; p = 0.004, and paternal: b = -0.61 mm/degree; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Sonography was a reliable tool to estimate @entity5 . Factors influencing @entity5 included rapid @entity0 @entity4 , smoking during pregnancy, and parental BMI and education. Since @entity5 showed an association with cardiovascular risk factors even in prepubertal @entity0 , it might become a valuable predictor of @entity1 .

title: Reference values and early determinants of intra-abdominal fat mass in primary school XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We reviewed our institution's experience in treating soft tissue @entity4 of the extremity to identify factors associated with local recurrence, @entity1 , and overall survival, to identify @entity0 who may benefit from intensification of therapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for @entity0 who underwent both limb-sparing surgery and external beam radiotherapy for extremity @entity4 . Those who had gross @entity3 or who presented with recurrent or metastatic disease were excluded. The Kaplan-Meier product limit and multivariate Cox regression were used to estimate local failure-free probability, distant failure-free probability, and overall survival along with associations with @entity0 , @entity2 , and treatment characteristics. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-eight @entity0 were included in the analysis. Twenty-five (13%) and 46 (24%) experienced local and distant recurrence, respectively. @entity0 with high/intermediate-grade @entity2 [hazard ratio (HR)=5.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-24.89, P=0.023] or with multifocally positive margins (HR=4.27, 95% CI: 1.20-15.24, P=0.026) were more likely to fail locally. Those with a preceding local recurrence (HR=8.58, 95% CI: 3.87-19.04, P<0.0001), high/intermediate-grade @entity2 (HR=5.68, 95% CI: 1.28-25.25, P=0.023), or no secondary reexcision (HR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.09-5.74, P=0.031) were more likely to develop @entity1 . @entity0 with local recurrence (HR=3.6, 95% CI: 1.77-7.29, P<0.001), @entity1 (HR=16.0, 95% CI: 7.93-32.31, P<0.0001), or without secondary reexcision (HR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.27-8.09, P=0.014) had decreased overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 whose @entity2 grade or margin status put them at high risk for local failure should be considered for intensification of therapy. Those with a local recurrence should be considered for increased surveillance or systemic therapy, as local failure is associated with subsequent @entity1 and decreased survival.

title: Risk factors for local recurrence and XXXX in soft tissue @entity4 of the extremity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We reviewed our institution's experience in treating soft tissue @entity4 of the extremity to identify factors associated with local recurrence, @entity1 , and overall survival, to identify @entity0 who may benefit from intensification of therapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for @entity0 who underwent both limb-sparing surgery and external beam radiotherapy for extremity @entity4 . Those who had gross @entity3 or who presented with recurrent or metastatic disease were excluded. The Kaplan-Meier product limit and multivariate Cox regression were used to estimate local failure-free probability, distant failure-free probability, and overall survival along with associations with @entity0 , @entity2 , and treatment characteristics. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-eight @entity0 were included in the analysis. Twenty-five (13%) and 46 (24%) experienced local and distant recurrence, respectively. @entity0 with high/intermediate-grade @entity2 [hazard ratio (HR)=5.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-24.89, P=0.023] or with multifocally positive margins (HR=4.27, 95% CI: 1.20-15.24, P=0.026) were more likely to fail locally. Those with a preceding local recurrence (HR=8.58, 95% CI: 3.87-19.04, P<0.0001), high/intermediate-grade @entity2 (HR=5.68, 95% CI: 1.28-25.25, P=0.023), or no secondary reexcision (HR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.09-5.74, P=0.031) were more likely to develop @entity1 . @entity0 with local recurrence (HR=3.6, 95% CI: 1.77-7.29, P<0.001), @entity1 (HR=16.0, 95% CI: 7.93-32.31, P<0.0001), or without secondary reexcision (HR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.27-8.09, P=0.014) had decreased overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 whose @entity2 grade or margin status put them at high risk for local failure should be considered for intensification of therapy. Those with a local recurrence should be considered for increased surveillance or systemic therapy, as local failure is associated with subsequent @entity1 and decreased survival.

title: Risk factors for local recurrence and @entity1 in soft tissue XXXX of the extremity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: An understanding of interaction of nanomaterials with living systems is fundamental to address nanosafety issues, which, in turn will dictate the future prospects of nanomedicine. Herein, we examine the molecular effects of uptake of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) Nanocrystals (MNC) using a transcriptomics approach. The uptake of MNC was studied by electron microscopy. This was followed by transcriptional profiling using whole genome microarrays, functional analysis of microarray data, real time PCR and biochemical assay for @entity3 . Transcriptional profiling revealed 69 genes to be differentially expressed upon MNC treatment. Many of these genes are associated with TGF-beta signaling and include @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity2 , which are important negative regulators of signaling pathways involved in development and tumorigenesis. Moreover, upon treatment with MNC, expression of @entity3 was also found to decrease in a dose dependent manner. This approach could help us to identify specific effects of MNC upon cells and give us simultaneous clues about their biocompatibility and therapeutic potential. The MNC can specifically interfere with TGF-beta signaling by inhibiting the expression of ID and SMAD genes. As TGF-beta signaling invokes different responses in undifferentiated cells and adult tissues in a cell-type specific manner, our findings have far reaching implications in cellular development, differentiation and @entity0 .

title: XXXX ( @entity4 ) nanocrystals affect the expression of genes involved in the TGF-beta signalling pathway.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An understanding of interaction of nanomaterials with living systems is fundamental to address nanosafety issues, which, in turn will dictate the future prospects of nanomedicine. Herein, we examine the molecular effects of uptake of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) Nanocrystals (MNC) using a transcriptomics approach. The uptake of MNC was studied by electron microscopy. This was followed by transcriptional profiling using whole genome microarrays, functional analysis of microarray data, real time PCR and biochemical assay for @entity3 . Transcriptional profiling revealed 69 genes to be differentially expressed upon MNC treatment. Many of these genes are associated with TGF-beta signaling and include @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity2 , which are important negative regulators of signaling pathways involved in development and tumorigenesis. Moreover, upon treatment with MNC, expression of @entity3 was also found to decrease in a dose dependent manner. This approach could help us to identify specific effects of MNC upon cells and give us simultaneous clues about their biocompatibility and therapeutic potential. The MNC can specifically interfere with TGF-beta signaling by inhibiting the expression of ID and SMAD genes. As TGF-beta signaling invokes different responses in undifferentiated cells and adult tissues in a cell-type specific manner, our findings have far reaching implications in cellular development, differentiation and @entity0 .

title: @entity1 ( XXXX ) nanocrystals affect the expression of genes involved in the TGF-beta signalling pathway.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation can be used to replace @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with single bulk osteochondral graft. While limited studies report improvement of function, improvement in quality of life and radiographic durability is unknown. QUESTIONS/PURPOSE: We therefore determined if this technique improved function, increased quality of life, and provided durable graft stability radiographically and by MRI. @entity0 AND METHODS: We prospectively followed 19 @entity0 (19 @entity3 ). We excluded seven @entity0 (four with insufficient followup, two who were lost to followup, and one with graft failure), leaving 12 @entity0 with a minimum followup of 2 years (average, 3.3 years; range, 2.0-4.6 years). Functional and quality of life outcomes were quantified using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and the SF-12 Health Survey. Graft incorporation and stability were assessed through radiographs and MRI. RESULTS: Mean total AOFAS scores (61  9 to 79  6), @entity2 subscores (17  8 versus 26  5), and function subscores (34  3 versus 42  4) improved from preoperatively to last followup. We observed no improvements of the physical and mental health components of the SF-12 Health Survey from preoperatively to last followup. At last followup, three of the 12 grafts had radiolucencies, four had @entity1 , one failed to incorporate, and none had subsidence. One of the 19 @entity0 in the overall series underwent graft revision. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 can expect functional improvement after this technique. The majority will have stable grafts at least short term. Larger studies with longer followup are needed to determine if this procedure substantially improves quality of life, if graft radiolucencies and @entity1 have any long-term implications, and whether the grafts are durable. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Does fresh XXXX improve function?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spinal canal @entity3 is a common disease in elderly. The thecal sac narrowing is considered as the anatomical cause for the disease. There is evidence that the anatomical proportions of the lumbar spinal canal are influenced by postural changes. The liquor volume shift during these postural changes is a valuable parameter to estimate the dynamic qualities of this disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this @entity0 cadaver study was the determination of intrathecal fluid volume changes during the lumbar flexion and the extension. A special measuring device was designed and built for the study to investigate this issue under controlled conditions. METHODS: The measuring apparatus fixed the lumbar spine firmly and allowed only flexion and extension. The dural sac was closed water tight. The in vitro changes of the intrathecal volumes during the motion cycle were determined according to the principle of communicating vessels. Thirteen @entity0 cadaver spines from the Institute of Anatomy were examined in a test setting with a continuous adjustment of motion. The diagnosis of the @entity4 was confirmed by a positive computer tomography prior testing. The volume changes during flexion and extension cycles were measured stepwise in a 2 degree distance between 18   flexion and 18   extension. Three complete series of measurements were performed for each cadaver. RESULTS: Two specimens were excluded because of fluid leaks from further investigation. The flexion of the lumbar spine resulted in an intrathecal volume increase. The maximum volume effects were seen in the early flexion positions of 2   and 4  . The spine reclination resulted in a @entity1 . The maximum extension effect was seen between 14   and 16  . CONCLUSION: According to our results, remarkable volume effects were seen in the early movements of the lumbar spine especially for the flexion. The results support the concept of the @entity2 as a dynamic disease and allow a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this nosological entity. Under clinical aspects our data support the value of a body upright position under avoiding of extended spinal inclination and reclination.

title: Intrathecal volume changes in lumbar spinal canal XXXX following extension and flexion: An experimental cadaver study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) appear to offer many benefits for the treatment of @entity1 and in @entity2 (1). They are natural products that can be made with precise specificity and in almost unlimited amounts. In addition, mAbs can be selected or engineered to efficiently recruit the body's effector systems, such as complement and natural killer cells, against the unwanted cells in much the same way as they might destroy an invading pathogen. Unfortunately, progress in the clinic has been slow, and the cytotoxic activity achieved with mAb in vitro has failed to be transferred into @entity0 . Despite this rather disappointing outcome, recent results in treating @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with anti- @entity6 and anti- @entity7 (CAMPATH 1) mAb suggest, at least for certain @entity1 , that the situation may be changing (2,3). Stevenson and colleagues (personal communication) have recently achieved more than 70% complete responses in @entity2 treated with a chimeric anti- @entity6 mAb, and Maloney and co-workers (2) recently reported a 50% response rate in relapsed, low-grade, @entity5 , with a 10---11 mo duration. Encouragingly, @entity0 in these studies did not raise antibody responses to the treatment anti- @entity6 mAb and, unlike the situation following therapy in @entity2 with anti-idiotype (Id) mAb, the emergence of antigen-negative @entity1 has not been seen (4). To underline its clinical success, anti- @entity6 mAb (Rituximab) has now become the first anticancer mAb to become licensed by the FDA for @entity2 treatment. One of the most encouraging aspects of Rituximab treatment is that, in addition to its therapeutic activity, which appears to match that of more conventional chemotherapy in a similar setting, it has very few adverse effects and can be given to @entity0 who are in poor condition with @entity4 . Early experience suggests that it will be this lack of adverse effects that will be its most attractive feature.

title: The application of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability ( @entity5 ) and vascular endothelial function in a cohort of elderly @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 174 elderly @entity0 with essential @entity1 were included in the study. The @entity0 had their office BP measured during the 12-month follow-up. Right brachial artery diameter was assessed at rest, during reactive @entity2 (flow-mediated dilation, @entity4 ), and after @entity3 administration ( @entity3 -mediated dilation, NMD). The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to @entity4 % or @entity4 /NMD ratio. The correlations between @entity5 and endothelial function were analyzed by univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The @entity0 classified as having a decreased endothelial function according to @entity4 /NMD ratio had significantly lower @entity4 % and higher @entity5 and NMD% (P<0.05). The percentage of CCBs use in normal endothelial function group was significantly higher than that in decreased endothelial function group (79.55% vs 63.95%, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between @entity4 /NMD ratio and @entity5 , and this association remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, and mean BP levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 /NMD ratio is a better marker of endothelial function than @entity4 , and an increased visit-to-visit variability of BP is associated with a decreased endothelial function.

title: [Impact of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability on vascular function in elderly XXXX @entity0 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability ( @entity5 ) and vascular endothelial function in a cohort of elderly @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 174 elderly @entity0 with essential @entity1 were included in the study. The @entity0 had their office BP measured during the 12-month follow-up. Right brachial artery diameter was assessed at rest, during reactive @entity2 (flow-mediated dilation, @entity4 ), and after @entity3 administration ( @entity3 -mediated dilation, NMD). The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to @entity4 % or @entity4 /NMD ratio. The correlations between @entity5 and endothelial function were analyzed by univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The @entity0 classified as having a decreased endothelial function according to @entity4 /NMD ratio had significantly lower @entity4 % and higher @entity5 and NMD% (P<0.05). The percentage of CCBs use in normal endothelial function group was significantly higher than that in decreased endothelial function group (79.55% vs 63.95%, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between @entity4 /NMD ratio and @entity5 , and this association remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, and mean BP levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 /NMD ratio is a better marker of endothelial function than @entity4 , and an increased visit-to-visit variability of BP is associated with a decreased endothelial function.

title: [Impact of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability on vascular function in elderly @entity1 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Inhibition of intestinal nutrient absorption by the @entity8 antagonist @entity6 ( @entity7 ) and the effects of several organic acid drugs and @entity9 on @entity7 -induced @entity2 were investigated. Male Swiss-Webster @entity1 received @entity7 , 25 mg/kg, i.p. once daily for 4 successive days. Using the everted sac technique, the rates of @entity4 and @entity11 transport were decreased by @entity7 to 10.9 and 6.3 mumol/g/h from control values of 35.0 and 10.0 mumol/g/h, respectively. @entity14 , @entity12 , @entity13 , or @entity9 administered simultaneously with @entity7 , further decreased the rates of @entity4 transport to 3.6, 2.0, 0.8, and 2.6 mumol/g/h, respectively, and the rates of @entity11 transport to 1.2, 1.9, 0.6 and 0.9 mumol/g/h, respectively. When intestinal sacs from untreated animals were exposed to @entity7 (10(-3) M) on the serosal side only, the drug had no significant effect on the rate of transport of @entity4 or @entity11 . The rate of @entity5 production in everted intestinal sacs from @entity7 treated animals decreased to 11.8 from a control value of 30.3 mumol/g/h. Co-administration of @entity13 with @entity7 further decreased the rate of @entity5 production to 8.2 mumol/g/h. Body @entity3 caused by @entity7 treatment (15.0%) was potentiated by the concurrent administration of probenecid (19.4%), @entity10 (22.4%), @entity13 (23.0%) or @entity9 (22.8%). These results demonstrate that @entity9 and several commonly used organic acid drugs can potentiate the inhibitory effect of @entity7 on intestinal nutrient absorption. Thus, @entity7 dosage adjustment may be required in @entity0 receiving such drugs.

title: Potentiation of XXXX -induced @entity2 by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and @entity9 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Inhibition of intestinal nutrient absorption by the @entity8 antagonist @entity6 ( @entity7 ) and the effects of several organic acid drugs and @entity9 on @entity7 -induced @entity2 were investigated. Male Swiss-Webster @entity1 received @entity7 , 25 mg/kg, i.p. once daily for 4 successive days. Using the everted sac technique, the rates of @entity4 and @entity11 transport were decreased by @entity7 to 10.9 and 6.3 mumol/g/h from control values of 35.0 and 10.0 mumol/g/h, respectively. @entity14 , @entity12 , @entity13 , or @entity9 administered simultaneously with @entity7 , further decreased the rates of @entity4 transport to 3.6, 2.0, 0.8, and 2.6 mumol/g/h, respectively, and the rates of @entity11 transport to 1.2, 1.9, 0.6 and 0.9 mumol/g/h, respectively. When intestinal sacs from untreated animals were exposed to @entity7 (10(-3) M) on the serosal side only, the drug had no significant effect on the rate of transport of @entity4 or @entity11 . The rate of @entity5 production in everted intestinal sacs from @entity7 treated animals decreased to 11.8 from a control value of 30.3 mumol/g/h. Co-administration of @entity13 with @entity7 further decreased the rate of @entity5 production to 8.2 mumol/g/h. Body @entity3 caused by @entity7 treatment (15.0%) was potentiated by the concurrent administration of probenecid (19.4%), @entity10 (22.4%), @entity13 (23.0%) or @entity9 (22.8%). These results demonstrate that @entity9 and several commonly used organic acid drugs can potentiate the inhibitory effect of @entity7 on intestinal nutrient absorption. Thus, @entity7 dosage adjustment may be required in @entity0 receiving such drugs.

title: Potentiation of @entity6 -induced XXXX by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and @entity9 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Inhibition of intestinal nutrient absorption by the @entity8 antagonist @entity6 ( @entity7 ) and the effects of several organic acid drugs and @entity9 on @entity7 -induced @entity2 were investigated. Male Swiss-Webster @entity1 received @entity7 , 25 mg/kg, i.p. once daily for 4 successive days. Using the everted sac technique, the rates of @entity4 and @entity11 transport were decreased by @entity7 to 10.9 and 6.3 mumol/g/h from control values of 35.0 and 10.0 mumol/g/h, respectively. @entity14 , @entity12 , @entity13 , or @entity9 administered simultaneously with @entity7 , further decreased the rates of @entity4 transport to 3.6, 2.0, 0.8, and 2.6 mumol/g/h, respectively, and the rates of @entity11 transport to 1.2, 1.9, 0.6 and 0.9 mumol/g/h, respectively. When intestinal sacs from untreated animals were exposed to @entity7 (10(-3) M) on the serosal side only, the drug had no significant effect on the rate of transport of @entity4 or @entity11 . The rate of @entity5 production in everted intestinal sacs from @entity7 treated animals decreased to 11.8 from a control value of 30.3 mumol/g/h. Co-administration of @entity13 with @entity7 further decreased the rate of @entity5 production to 8.2 mumol/g/h. Body @entity3 caused by @entity7 treatment (15.0%) was potentiated by the concurrent administration of probenecid (19.4%), @entity10 (22.4%), @entity13 (23.0%) or @entity9 (22.8%). These results demonstrate that @entity9 and several commonly used organic acid drugs can potentiate the inhibitory effect of @entity7 on intestinal nutrient absorption. Thus, @entity7 dosage adjustment may be required in @entity0 receiving such drugs.

title: Potentiation of @entity6 -induced @entity2 by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Computer-aided diagnosis of @entity2 requires accurate lesion segmentation, which must overcome noise such as hair, skin color variations, and ambient light variability. METHODS: A biologically inspired geodesic active contour (GAC) technique is used for lesion segmentation. The algorithm presented here employs automatic contour initialization close to the actual lesion boundary, overcoming the 'sticking' at minimum local energy spots caused by noise artifacts such as hair. The border is significantly smoothed to mimic natural lesions. In addition, features that mimic biological parameters include spectral image subtraction and removal of peninsulas and inlets. Multiple boundary choices borders are created by parameter options used at different steps. These choices can allow future improvement over the basic default border. RESULTS: The basic GAC algorithm was tested on 100 images (30 @entity1 and 70 benign lesions), yielding a median @entity3 border error of 6.7%, comparable to the median inter-dermatologist @entity3 border error (7.4%), and lower than the gradient vector flow snake median @entity3 error of 14.2% on the same image set. On a difficult low-contrast border set of 1238 images, which included 350 non-melanocytic lesions, a median @entity3 error of 23.9% is obtained. CONCLUSION: GAC techniques show promise in attaining the goal of @entity0 segmentation.

title: Biologically inspired XXXX segmentation using a geodesic active contour technique.

answer: @entity0