abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Based on the findings that @entity3 content increased in multidrug resistant (MDR) cells and that the resistance could be reversed by the @entity3 channel blocker @entity6 , it has been speculated that @entity2 may have role in drug resistance. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between multidrug resistance in @entity0 @entity5 LoVo/Adr cells and the level of cytoplasmic @entity2 . METHODS: @entity8 /AM was used to label @entity2 in the cytoplasm and confocal microscope was used to observe the changes of @entity2 concentration. The reverse effect of @entity6 was determined by @entity1 method. The content of intracellular @entity4 (ADR) was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity8 /AM fluorescent intensities of LoVo and LoVo/Adr cells were 850.45 and 1,495.88, respectively. After treatment with @entity6 , @entity8 /AM fluorescent intensities of LoVo and LoVo/Adr cells were 813.25 and 1,284.14, respectively. The level of @entity2 in the cytoplasm of LoVo/Adr cells was significantly higher than that in LoVo cells, and was not significantly changed by @entity6 . The concentration of ADR was increased by @entity6 in LoVo/Adr cells. The potentiation folds of @entity4 and @entity7 by @entity6 in LoVo/Adr cells were 8.85 and 5.31, respectively. CONCLUSION: The increasement of cytoplasmic @entity3 content might be a characteristic phenotype of MDR LoVo/Adr cells. However, there was no direct relationship between multidrug resistance and cytoplasmic @entity2 concentration.

title: [Relationship between multidrug resistance in @entity0 @entity5 LoVo/Adr cell line and intracellular XXXX ion concentration].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Based on the findings that @entity3 content increased in multidrug resistant (MDR) cells and that the resistance could be reversed by the @entity3 channel blocker @entity6 , it has been speculated that @entity2 may have role in drug resistance. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between multidrug resistance in @entity0 @entity5 LoVo/Adr cells and the level of cytoplasmic @entity2 . METHODS: @entity8 /AM was used to label @entity2 in the cytoplasm and confocal microscope was used to observe the changes of @entity2 concentration. The reverse effect of @entity6 was determined by @entity1 method. The content of intracellular @entity4 (ADR) was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity8 /AM fluorescent intensities of LoVo and LoVo/Adr cells were 850.45 and 1,495.88, respectively. After treatment with @entity6 , @entity8 /AM fluorescent intensities of LoVo and LoVo/Adr cells were 813.25 and 1,284.14, respectively. The level of @entity2 in the cytoplasm of LoVo/Adr cells was significantly higher than that in LoVo cells, and was not significantly changed by @entity6 . The concentration of ADR was increased by @entity6 in LoVo/Adr cells. The potentiation folds of @entity4 and @entity7 by @entity6 in LoVo/Adr cells were 8.85 and 5.31, respectively. CONCLUSION: The increasement of cytoplasmic @entity3 content might be a characteristic phenotype of MDR LoVo/Adr cells. However, there was no direct relationship between multidrug resistance and cytoplasmic @entity2 concentration.

title: [Relationship between multidrug resistance in XXXX @entity5 LoVo/Adr cell line and intracellular @entity3 ion concentration].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 and emptying defect was identified in 14 of 130 Suffolk @entity3 from a single flock in northern California. @entity1 and emptying defect was diagnosed in 13 of the @entity3 between November 1986 and April 1987. All affected @entity3 were ewes and in all, the condition developed during the lambing season. Clinical signs consisted of chronic @entity2 and @entity0 . Laboratory data from affected ewes reflected concurrent disease and was not helpful in diagnosis of the disease. Necropsy of 13 affected ewes revealed a distended, ingesta-filled abomasum in all of them. The brain stem of 6 ewes was examined, and lesions suggestive of scrapie were not observed. Pedigree analysis determined that in this flock, @entity1 and emptying defect development was independent of sire. A relationship between the age of affected ewes and the disease was not found. Treatment was unsuccessful in 13 ewes, but 1 recovered after treatment with @entity4 .

title: XXXX and emptying defect in a flock of Suffolk ewes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: The importance of the T-type @entity0 current in determining detrusor contractile function was investigated by using @entity1 muscle in vitro. METHODS: @entity4 (200 microM) was used to block selectively the T-type @entity0 current, and 20 microM @entity2 was used to block the L-type @entity0 current in this tissue. The selectivity of these agents at such concentrations has been previously demonstrated. RESULTS: In normal extracellular solution (4 mM @entity3 ) 200 microM @entity4 and 20 microM @entity2 reduced electrically stimulated contractions by 17 +/- 6% and 65 +/- 10%, respectively. At high concentrations of the two agents, the contraction was completely abolished by @entity4 but by only 74 +/- 18% in the case of @entity2 ; this finding suggests that @entity4 has additional negative inotropic actions at higher concentrations. @entity5 and @entity3 contractures were attenuated to a similar extent to that of electrically stimulated contractions by @entity4 and @entity2 , which suggests that they act on the muscle rather than the motor nerve. The dependence of the membrane potential on the relative ability of @entity4 and @entity2 to attenuate the contraction was tested by varying the extracellular @entity3 , [ @entity3 ](o). Varying [ @entity3 ](o) between 2 and 10 mM depolarised detrusor myocytes from (-65.1 +/- 4.7 mV to -42.7 +/- 4.0 mV (a slope of 32 mV per 10-fold change of [ @entity3 ](o)). In low [ @entity3 ](o),blockade by @entity4 was more effective and that of @entity2 less effective; at high [ @entity3 ](o), the reverse potency was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: The data are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity0 influx through both T-type and L-type @entity0 channels determines the contractile status of detrusor smooth muscle and that T-type channel activity is more important at membrane potentials near the resting level. A significant role for T-type channel activity in the resting state was evident in that spontaneous contractions were attenuated to a greater extent than evoked contractions.

title: Role of the T-type XXXX current on the contractile performance of @entity1 detrusor smooth muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: The importance of the T-type @entity0 current in determining detrusor contractile function was investigated by using @entity1 muscle in vitro. METHODS: @entity4 (200 microM) was used to block selectively the T-type @entity0 current, and 20 microM @entity2 was used to block the L-type @entity0 current in this tissue. The selectivity of these agents at such concentrations has been previously demonstrated. RESULTS: In normal extracellular solution (4 mM @entity3 ) 200 microM @entity4 and 20 microM @entity2 reduced electrically stimulated contractions by 17 +/- 6% and 65 +/- 10%, respectively. At high concentrations of the two agents, the contraction was completely abolished by @entity4 but by only 74 +/- 18% in the case of @entity2 ; this finding suggests that @entity4 has additional negative inotropic actions at higher concentrations. @entity5 and @entity3 contractures were attenuated to a similar extent to that of electrically stimulated contractions by @entity4 and @entity2 , which suggests that they act on the muscle rather than the motor nerve. The dependence of the membrane potential on the relative ability of @entity4 and @entity2 to attenuate the contraction was tested by varying the extracellular @entity3 , [ @entity3 ](o). Varying [ @entity3 ](o) between 2 and 10 mM depolarised detrusor myocytes from (-65.1 +/- 4.7 mV to -42.7 +/- 4.0 mV (a slope of 32 mV per 10-fold change of [ @entity3 ](o)). In low [ @entity3 ](o),blockade by @entity4 was more effective and that of @entity2 less effective; at high [ @entity3 ](o), the reverse potency was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: The data are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity0 influx through both T-type and L-type @entity0 channels determines the contractile status of detrusor smooth muscle and that T-type channel activity is more important at membrane potentials near the resting level. A significant role for T-type channel activity in the resting state was evident in that spontaneous contractions were attenuated to a greater extent than evoked contractions.

title: Role of the T-type @entity0 current on the contractile performance of XXXX detrusor smooth muscle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: It is still unclear whether overexpression of @entity2 gene play a role in the chemotherapy resistance of @entity1 . This study was designed to investigate P-glycoprotein( @entity3 ) and @entity2 mRNA levels of @entity1 and to observed the impact of @entity3 level upon chemotherapy response. METHODS: Ten samples of relapsed @entity1 and 21 samples of untreated @entity1 were assessed by flow cytometry(FCM). The @entity2 mRNA levels were determined by real-time reverse-transcription PCR assay simultaneously in eighteen samples. The impact of @entity3 levels upon chemotherapy response was observed in seventeen @entity0 . RESULTS: Nineteen Percent (4/21) @entity0 overexpressed @entity3 at diagnosis as compared to 60%(6/10) in relapse(P = 0.012). The copy numbers of @entity2 mRNA were 4 x 10(2)-1.32 x 10(4) copies/microgram RNA in untreated group and 4 x 10(2)-4 x 10(4) copies/microgram RNA in recurrent group. There existed significant difference in the distribution of @entity2 mRNA expression between these two groups, P < 0.05. The complete response rates were 46% (6/13) in @entity3 non-overexpression group and 25% (1/4) in @entity3 overexpression group(P = 0.60). CONCLUSION: @entity1 highly express @entity4 mRNA. The overexpression of @entity2 gene may play a role in the multidrug resistance of relapsed @entity1 .

title: [Expression and clinical significance of @entity2 gene in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: It is still unclear whether overexpression of @entity2 gene play a role in the chemotherapy resistance of @entity1 . This study was designed to investigate P-glycoprotein( @entity3 ) and @entity2 mRNA levels of @entity1 and to observed the impact of @entity3 level upon chemotherapy response. METHODS: Ten samples of relapsed @entity1 and 21 samples of untreated @entity1 were assessed by flow cytometry(FCM). The @entity2 mRNA levels were determined by real-time reverse-transcription PCR assay simultaneously in eighteen samples. The impact of @entity3 levels upon chemotherapy response was observed in seventeen @entity0 . RESULTS: Nineteen Percent (4/21) @entity0 overexpressed @entity3 at diagnosis as compared to 60%(6/10) in relapse(P = 0.012). The copy numbers of @entity2 mRNA were 4 x 10(2)-1.32 x 10(4) copies/microgram RNA in untreated group and 4 x 10(2)-4 x 10(4) copies/microgram RNA in recurrent group. There existed significant difference in the distribution of @entity2 mRNA expression between these two groups, P < 0.05. The complete response rates were 46% (6/13) in @entity3 non-overexpression group and 25% (1/4) in @entity3 overexpression group(P = 0.60). CONCLUSION: @entity1 highly express @entity4 mRNA. The overexpression of @entity2 gene may play a role in the multidrug resistance of relapsed @entity1 .

title: [Expression and clinical significance of XXXX gene in @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The authors present a @entity0 who had @entity2 metastatic to the epididymis. The @entity0 was asymptomatic except for @entity1 . The laboratory radiographic and physical examination of the @entity0 were normal. The prostate was clearly demarcated, homogeneous and solid. Surgery was performed in two stages. In the first stage semi-castration was performed. Histopathological analysis of the biopsy material showed @entity2 metastatic to the epididymis. There were no metastases in the testis. In the second stage, TUR of the prostate was performed. To our knowledge @entity2 metastatic to the epididymis has not been described previously.

title: [Metastasis of the epididymis disclosing XXXX . Apropos of a case].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish the @entity5 index which more suitable for Chinese to refine and standardize evaluation of current symptoms in @entity0 with " @entity5 ". METHODS: The literature of previous work was reviewed to develop a symptom index instrument. There were 18 questions representing three broad categories: @entity1 symptoms, urinary symptoms and other symptoms. To evalute the clinical utility and applicability for Chinese @entity0 of this tool, we used it in 100 @entity0 with @entity5 and 100 control @entity0 (40 with @entity4 , BPH; 30 with @entity2 ; 30 with @entity3 ). RESULTS: Of the three aspects symptoms, the primary component was @entity1 . But @entity1 in lower back and lower abdomen had less specificity. @entity1 in the rectal area was not very common but it could well distinguish @entity0 with @entity5 from those BPH, @entity2 and @entity6 . Urinary symptoms were also common. We used 5 symptom questions in urinary aspect in the last version of this index. In other symptoms, we dropped the question of uncomfortable of waist and back at last. It could not distinguish @entity0 with @entity5 from those @entity2 and @entity3 . Finally we analyzed the result and modified the new version of @entity5 index. It included 5 @entity1 symptom questions, 5 urinary symptom questions and 2 other symptom questions. There are 12 questions in total. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 index we developed was validated and useful in clinical practice as well as research protocols. Moreover, it was more suitable for Chinese @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX symptom index of Chinese].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The findings of AEP and SEP in the cases with @entity3 confirmed by the @entity0 test had not been reported. We studied the features and the characteristic changes of those evoked potentials in 7 cases of @entity3 . The etiology of @entity3 in those cases were the primary @entity2 in six and the @entity4 secondary to @entity1 in the others. The @entity0 test and the recordings of AEP and SEP were performed in the same day in most cases. The mean intervals from the application of the respirator to the @entity0 test and to @entity1 were 5.8 +/- 7.1 days and 5.9 +/- 7.2 days, respectively. @entity1 occurred with mean of 11.8 +/- 8.0 days after the application of the respirator. AEP showed absent responses in six cases (86%) and wave I only in the other (14%). SEP showed P 1-N 1 in four cases (57%) and no responses in three (43%). The components of AEP were disturbed earlier than those of SEP and cases were classified into three types according to those findings. Type I (one case, 13%): wave I only in AEP and P 1-N 1 in SEP. Type II (three cases, 28%): no wave in AEP and P 1-N 1 in SEP. Type III (three cases, 28%): no wave in AEP and SEP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The findings of auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials in XXXX confirmed by the @entity0 test].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The findings of AEP and SEP in the cases with @entity3 confirmed by the @entity0 test had not been reported. We studied the features and the characteristic changes of those evoked potentials in 7 cases of @entity3 . The etiology of @entity3 in those cases were the primary @entity2 in six and the @entity4 secondary to @entity1 in the others. The @entity0 test and the recordings of AEP and SEP were performed in the same day in most cases. The mean intervals from the application of the respirator to the @entity0 test and to @entity1 were 5.8 +/- 7.1 days and 5.9 +/- 7.2 days, respectively. @entity1 occurred with mean of 11.8 +/- 8.0 days after the application of the respirator. AEP showed absent responses in six cases (86%) and wave I only in the other (14%). SEP showed P 1-N 1 in four cases (57%) and no responses in three (43%). The components of AEP were disturbed earlier than those of SEP and cases were classified into three types according to those findings. Type I (one case, 13%): wave I only in AEP and P 1-N 1 in SEP. Type II (three cases, 28%): no wave in AEP and P 1-N 1 in SEP. Type III (three cases, 28%): no wave in AEP and SEP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The findings of auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials in @entity3 confirmed by the XXXX test].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Using target-controlled infusions (TCI) we aimed to determine the most appropriate dose of @entity2 required for intubation, using a steady effect-site concentration of @entity1 and without the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Sixty ASA III @entity0 presenting for elective surgery were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Anaesthesia was induced in all @entity0 using a target-controlled infusion of @entity1 6.5 microg x ml(-1). This was reduced to 3 microg x ml(-1) after 1 min. Each group received a different TCI of @entity2 , 19, 15 or 11 ng x ml(-1), which was reduced to 10, 8 or 6 ng x ml(-1), respectively, after 1 min. Laryngoscopy and intubation were attempted at 4 min. Laryngoscopy and ease of intubation were assessed using a standard scoring system. Intubation was considered satisfactory in 75% of @entity0 in groups 1 and 2 and 35% of @entity0 in group 3. Intubation was successful in 20/20, 19/20 and 15/20 @entity0 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Pulse oximetry, heart rate and noninvasive arterial pressure were measured pre-induction, and at intervals until after laryngoscopy and intubation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate decreased following induction of anaesthesia in all groups, which was statistically significant. Following laryngoscopy, MAP and heart rate increased, but were significantly less than the corresponding baseline values.

title: Tracheal intubating conditions using @entity1 and XXXX target-controlled infusions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Using target-controlled infusions (TCI) we aimed to determine the most appropriate dose of @entity2 required for intubation, using a steady effect-site concentration of @entity1 and without the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Sixty ASA III @entity0 presenting for elective surgery were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Anaesthesia was induced in all @entity0 using a target-controlled infusion of @entity1 6.5 microg x ml(-1). This was reduced to 3 microg x ml(-1) after 1 min. Each group received a different TCI of @entity2 , 19, 15 or 11 ng x ml(-1), which was reduced to 10, 8 or 6 ng x ml(-1), respectively, after 1 min. Laryngoscopy and intubation were attempted at 4 min. Laryngoscopy and ease of intubation were assessed using a standard scoring system. Intubation was considered satisfactory in 75% of @entity0 in groups 1 and 2 and 35% of @entity0 in group 3. Intubation was successful in 20/20, 19/20 and 15/20 @entity0 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Pulse oximetry, heart rate and noninvasive arterial pressure were measured pre-induction, and at intervals until after laryngoscopy and intubation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate decreased following induction of anaesthesia in all groups, which was statistically significant. Following laryngoscopy, MAP and heart rate increased, but were significantly less than the corresponding baseline values.

title: Tracheal intubating conditions using XXXX and @entity2 target-controlled infusions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) risk in a @entity1 @entity0 who has lived perhaps for 15 years since implant without @entity3 or @entity2 is unknown. As @entity0 are heterogeneous with regard to embolic risk, these @entity0 must have a lower than average risk; whether this risk reduction could be quantified was the aim of the present study. METHODS: If all @entity0 had the same risk, the @entity3 -free curve would be exponential, with a constant hazard (equal to the 'linearized' rate). With a mixture of risks in a population, the population hazard will be a decreasing function of time. By fitting a certain parametric function to the @entity3 -free curve, the mixing distribution can be estimated. Subsequently, given an observation for a particular @entity0 , e.g. zero emboli in 15 years, Bayes' theorem can be used to update the mixing distribution for these @entity0 . RESULTS: Using observed @entity3 -free curves for Starr-Edwards valves, the mixing distribution for @entity3 -free periods from one to 25 years was estimated. Because the risk distributions were skewed, the mean value was higher than the median. The mean (median) risk (% per year) fell from 4.5 (1.8) at implant to 1.7 (0.7) at 15 years for the aortic position, and from 7.0 (3.4) to 2.4 (1.2) for the mitral position. Thus, the average risk after 15 years was approximately 35-40% of the risk at implant for both the aortic and mitral positions, using either the mean or median risk. CONCLUSION: The mean risk for @entity0 after 15 @entity3 -free years is approximately one-third of the risk of all @entity0 at implant. However, there is a wide range, with some @entity0 still having higher risks. Bayes' theorem is useful for deriving such answers. Linearized rates have limited value for describing @entity3 risk in a heterogeneous population.

title: Using Bayes' theorem to answer a practical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: One hundred and seventy five @entity12 ( @entity12 ) @entity0 were evaluated for risk factors for @entity2 as well as for the types of @entity4 that were present. The incidence of associated risk factors for @entity2 were as follows: @entity5 (66%), @entity7 (47%), cigarette smoking (37%), @entity1 (20%), moderate @entity6 consumption (19%) and hyperlipidaemia (21%). The most frequently occurring @entity4 were multiple @entity11 of the brain (43%). These were combined with other types of @entity2 in an additional 21%. @entity10 of the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries occurred alone in 18% and was associated with other types of @entity2 in another 25%. @entity8 were present alone in 8% and were combined with other types of @entity2 in 15%. @entity12 was more frequent in @entity0 (62%) than @entity0 (p less than 0.002). Mean bihemispheric gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) values showed a fluctuating course and when results were pooled and compared between different types of @entity12 , @entity9 and/or multiple @entity11 resulted in lowest CBF values. The location of @entity8 was more importantly related to @entity3 than was the total volume of infarcted brain. Mortality rates among 125 @entity12 @entity0 followed for 31 months has been 5%. Correct clinical classification of the types of @entity4 was confirmed in three necropsied cases.

title: Aetiological considerations and risk factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: An in vivo model for correlative imaging studies of intracerebral @entity1 and peritumor @entity5 has been developed. Adult male and female @entity4 implanted with 1 x 10(6) or 5 x 10(5) 9L @entity2 cells had parietal @entity1 of 4 mm or greater in diameter and showed signs of @entity3 13.7 +/- 1.9 days or 19.2 +/- 1.3 days after implantation. No immunosuppression was required and the success rate for @entity1 growth after implantation was 88%. Histologically, the @entity1 resembles a @entity1 . The @entity1 contained the highest water content (85.94%); peritumor white matter was more @entity0 (73.01%) than white matter in the contralateral hemisphere (69.04%), sham-operated (69.41%) and control brain (68.76%). There was no correlation between the size of the @entity1 and water content in @entity1 or white matter. Increased tissue albumin in peritumor white matter indicated blood-brain barrier dysfunction within the @entity1 and confirmed the vasogenic origin of the @entity0 . Proton magnetic resonance imaging provided good spatial and contrast resolution with increased signal intensity in @entity0 white matter, decreasing with distance from the @entity1 . The large brain of this animal model allows the use of serial imaging and regional correlative biochemical measurements in a single animal. Other advantages of this model are its predictability and the short time required to produce @entity1 with marked peritumor @entity0 .

title: A feline model for experimental studies of peritumor XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In view of the paucity of reports describing symptoms of increased degree, and deterioration of left ventricular systolic function in @entity0 with @entity10 ( @entity10 ), two cases with @entity6 and progressive thinning of previously hypertrophied apical portions of the left ventricle are reported. These were among 13 @entity0 observed from eight to 10 years. Case 1: A 56-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed as having @entity10 at the age of 49 years. Severe @entity13 and prominent ST-T changes were observed on ECG during his first admission. His left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was 24 mmHg and a left ventriculo-gram revealed a decrease in the left ventricular cavity in the apex and @entity12 of the apical wall. Moderate @entity1 without @entity12 or disarray of myocytes was observed in a left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimen. In two episodes of @entity11 he was successfully resuscitated at the age of 50 years. At the age of 55 years, two-dimensional echocardiography revealed thinning and abnormal motion in the apical wall, and a defect in 201T1 accumulation was observed in the same region by perfusion scintigraphy. This @entity0 was readmitted with a diagnosis of @entity9 at the age of 56 years. Cardiac catheterization revealed normal LVEDP (8 mmHg), and a left ventriculogram revealed an @entity3 in the left ventricular apex with normal major epicardial coronary arteries. He has been under treatment with antiarrhythmic medications, @entity4 antagonists and anticoagulants, and has become relatively asymptomatic. Case 2: A 69-year-old- @entity0 was diagnosed as having @entity10 after a complete evaluation, including cardiac catheterization, at the age of 59 years. His LVEDP was elevated (17 mmHg), and a left ventricular angiogram revealed @entity12 localized to the apex. Ejection fraction was 64%. A left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed @entity1 without @entity12 of myocytes. Thereafter, he has been followed as a New York Heart Association functional class III to IV with occasional elevation of cardiac enzymes but without @entity5 or acute changes in his ECGs. However, @entity8 with complete @entity7 developed at the age of 60 years. Apical wall thinning and dyskinesis were diagnosed by 2D echocardiography and a defect in the 201T1 accumulation was observed at about 65 years of age. He was readmitted in severe @entity6 at the age of 69 years, and he was diagnosed as having @entity2 with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 35 mmHg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Advanced sequelae of XXXX : report of two cases with wall motion abnormalities].

answer: @entity10


abstract: To assess the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in diagnosing @entity5 following acute @entity2 , we studied the 2DE findings and the clinical pictures of seven consecutive @entity0 with @entity5 confirmed at the time of surgery or autopsy. Three @entity0 had acute @entity1 ; four, subacute @entity1 . All @entity0 apparently had circulatory collapse despite continuing electrical activity at the onset of @entity5 . Four @entity0 with subacute @entity1 recovered. In all @entity0 , mild @entity4 was imaged by 2DE; however, this was not characteristic for @entity5 . In the @entity0 with acute @entity1 , active left ventricular contractions were not observed after each QRS complex of the electrocardiogram. However, weak mitral valve motion was recorded at the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The interesting and constant finding in acute @entity1 was the right ventricular collapse observed throughout the cardiac cycle. Diastolic right ventricular collapse was consistently observed in @entity0 with subacute @entity1 , immediately after recovery from @entity3 . Subacute @entity5 is a potentially curable lesion, and the clinical features and quick 2DE confirmation of cardiac tamponade allowed immediate surgery which saved two of the four @entity0 .

title: [Ventricular free XXXX following acute @entity2 : a two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment].

answer: @entity1


abstract: To assess the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in diagnosing @entity5 following acute @entity2 , we studied the 2DE findings and the clinical pictures of seven consecutive @entity0 with @entity5 confirmed at the time of surgery or autopsy. Three @entity0 had acute @entity1 ; four, subacute @entity1 . All @entity0 apparently had circulatory collapse despite continuing electrical activity at the onset of @entity5 . Four @entity0 with subacute @entity1 recovered. In all @entity0 , mild @entity4 was imaged by 2DE; however, this was not characteristic for @entity5 . In the @entity0 with acute @entity1 , active left ventricular contractions were not observed after each QRS complex of the electrocardiogram. However, weak mitral valve motion was recorded at the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The interesting and constant finding in acute @entity1 was the right ventricular collapse observed throughout the cardiac cycle. Diastolic right ventricular collapse was consistently observed in @entity0 with subacute @entity1 , immediately after recovery from @entity3 . Subacute @entity5 is a potentially curable lesion, and the clinical features and quick 2DE confirmation of cardiac tamponade allowed immediate surgery which saved two of the four @entity0 .

title: [Ventricular free @entity1 following acute XXXX : a two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Anatomically isolated @entity7 accounted for 1.1% of all and 5.2% of cardiac autopsies over a 20 year period. Among a total of 100 symptomatic cases, 52% had congenitally bicuspid, 43% had tricuspid and 5% had congenitally unicuspid valves. Nineteen percent had undergone @entity1 , including 1% unicuspid, 3% tricuspid and 15% bicuspid valves. Thirty nine percent had been affected by @entity6 , including 20 bicuspid and 19 tricuspid valves. The remaining 42 showed fibrocalcification, including 4 unicuspid, 17 bicuspid and 21 tricuspid valves. The nature of the @entity4 showed a correlation with the age of the @entity0 . @entity6 , @entity1 and @entity5 occurred in an ascending age pattern, at average ages of around 30 years, mid to late thirties and mid to late forties, respectively. The lesions occurred much earlier on the bicuspid than on the tricuspid valves, except for @entity6 . The @entity2 was not found to make the aortic valve more prone to infection, nor did infection occur earlier on it than on the tricuspid valve. Four of the 100 cases, all tricuspid, were considered to be of rheumatic origin, the reasons for which are discussed. Certain well established associated @entity3 were identified.

title: Anatomically isolated XXXX . Morphologic study of 100 cases at autopsy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The incidence of @entity3 cases in intravenous drug abusers is growing faster than in other risk groups, in Switzerland as well as in Europe in general. By end of May 1988, 27% of all @entity3 cases registered nationally were injecting drugs. The prevalence of @entity2 antibodies is known from selected samples only, on the basis of voluntary testing. In 1986, among all intravenous drug users in residential treatment nation-wide, 90% were tested and thereof 55% seropositive. In a sample of drug abusers in out- @entity0 treatment in Zurich in 1987, seropositivity was documented for 42% of male and 63% of female @entity0 . According to registered @entity3 cases, there is no differential risk for both sexes. Duration of intravenous drug abuse is the only relevant risk factor so far. Preventive change in risk taking behaviour is a minimalization of utilizing contaminated syringes/needles and a minimalization of unprotected sex (safer sex by regular use of condoms). An analysis of published data demonstrates that dissemination of information and availability of syringes/condoms are a pre-requisite for behaviour change, but by no means sufficient in order to elicit behaviour change. Drug abusers engaged in out- @entity0 /residential treatment are available in high proportions for voluntary testing and for the intended behavioural changes. It is therefore of primary preventive interest to engage as many intravenous drug abusers as possible in treatment. Apart from drug-free residential treatment, out- @entity0 treatment using @entity1 provides positive results, whereas compulsory measures are considered to be of doubtful value.

title: [ XXXX epidemiology and prevention in i.v. drug addicts].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The tumorigenicity and metastatic behaviour of @entity0 @entity3 have been assessed in athymic @entity4 . Surgical specimens were obtained from @entity3 or from @entity1 of different @entity0 . Primary @entity3 and their synchronous liver @entity1 were obtained from three @entity0 . After intramuscular (i.m.) injection into @entity4 , @entity2 cells originating from @entity1 showed a higher take than those from @entity2 . In general, metastasis-derived @entity2 had a shorter doubling time than primary-derived @entity2 . This growth pattern was not associated with the production of spontaneous @entity1 in @entity4 . To investigate the malignant potential of @entity3 in the nude @entity4 , @entity2 cells were injected intravenously (i.v.) (artificial lung @entity1 ) and in the spleen (artificial liver @entity1 ). Colorectal-derived @entity2 cells produced lung colonies after i.v. injection, but the most dramatic expression of @entity2 was the @entity2 cells' ability to grow in the liver after intrasplenic (i.s.) injection. The ability to grow in the liver of @entity4 appeared to be a distinct characteristic of each @entity2 cell population. @entity0 @entity3 were maintained as continuous lines subcutaneously (s.c.) in @entity4 . Phenotypic differences, including malignant potential, were generally maintained at different passages. @entity0 @entity3 with a definite pattern of malignant behaviour (i.e. to the liver) in the nude @entity4 provide a unique experimental system for the study of the biology and the therapy of cancer @entity1 .

title: The nude @entity4 for the study of @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The tumorigenicity and metastatic behaviour of @entity0 @entity3 have been assessed in athymic @entity4 . Surgical specimens were obtained from @entity3 or from @entity1 of different @entity0 . Primary @entity3 and their synchronous liver @entity1 were obtained from three @entity0 . After intramuscular (i.m.) injection into @entity4 , @entity2 cells originating from @entity1 showed a higher take than those from @entity2 . In general, metastasis-derived @entity2 had a shorter doubling time than primary-derived @entity2 . This growth pattern was not associated with the production of spontaneous @entity1 in @entity4 . To investigate the malignant potential of @entity3 in the nude @entity4 , @entity2 cells were injected intravenously (i.v.) (artificial lung @entity1 ) and in the spleen (artificial liver @entity1 ). Colorectal-derived @entity2 cells produced lung colonies after i.v. injection, but the most dramatic expression of @entity2 was the @entity2 cells' ability to grow in the liver after intrasplenic (i.s.) injection. The ability to grow in the liver of @entity4 appeared to be a distinct characteristic of each @entity2 cell population. @entity0 @entity3 were maintained as continuous lines subcutaneously (s.c.) in @entity4 . Phenotypic differences, including malignant potential, were generally maintained at different passages. @entity0 @entity3 with a definite pattern of malignant behaviour (i.e. to the liver) in the nude @entity4 provide a unique experimental system for the study of the biology and the therapy of cancer @entity1 .

title: The nude XXXX for the study of @entity0 @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The tumorigenicity and metastatic behaviour of @entity0 @entity3 have been assessed in athymic @entity4 . Surgical specimens were obtained from @entity3 or from @entity1 of different @entity0 . Primary @entity3 and their synchronous liver @entity1 were obtained from three @entity0 . After intramuscular (i.m.) injection into @entity4 , @entity2 cells originating from @entity1 showed a higher take than those from @entity2 . In general, metastasis-derived @entity2 had a shorter doubling time than primary-derived @entity2 . This growth pattern was not associated with the production of spontaneous @entity1 in @entity4 . To investigate the malignant potential of @entity3 in the nude @entity4 , @entity2 cells were injected intravenously (i.v.) (artificial lung @entity1 ) and in the spleen (artificial liver @entity1 ). Colorectal-derived @entity2 cells produced lung colonies after i.v. injection, but the most dramatic expression of @entity2 was the @entity2 cells' ability to grow in the liver after intrasplenic (i.s.) injection. The ability to grow in the liver of @entity4 appeared to be a distinct characteristic of each @entity2 cell population. @entity0 @entity3 were maintained as continuous lines subcutaneously (s.c.) in @entity4 . Phenotypic differences, including malignant potential, were generally maintained at different passages. @entity0 @entity3 with a definite pattern of malignant behaviour (i.e. to the liver) in the nude @entity4 provide a unique experimental system for the study of the biology and the therapy of cancer @entity1 .

title: The nude @entity4 for the study of XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity3 for @entity5 -resistant @entity0 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity3 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity4 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity4 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity4 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity4 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity4 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity4 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity4 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity4 at 48 h. @entity7 and @entity6 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity3 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity4 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of @entity2 antibiotics and XXXX against @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 by time-kill kinetic studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity3 for @entity5 -resistant @entity0 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity3 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity4 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity4 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity4 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity4 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity4 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity4 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity4 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity4 at 48 h. @entity7 and @entity6 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity3 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity4 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of @entity2 antibiotics and @entity3 against @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant XXXX by time-kill kinetic studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity3 for @entity5 -resistant @entity0 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity3 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity4 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity4 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity4 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity4 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity4 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity4 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity4 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity4 at 48 h. @entity7 and @entity6 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity3 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity4 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of @entity2 antibiotics and @entity3 against XXXX - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 by time-kill kinetic studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity3 for @entity5 -resistant @entity0 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity3 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity4 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity4 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity4 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity4 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity4 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity4 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity4 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity4 at 48 h. @entity7 and @entity6 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity3 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity4 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of @entity2 antibiotics and @entity3 against @entity1 - and XXXX -resistant @entity0 by time-kill kinetic studies.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 antibiotics have been proposed as possible alternatives to @entity3 for @entity5 -resistant @entity0 infections. We investigated the activities of @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity3 by time-kill kinetic studies. Antibiotic concentrations of 0, 1.0, and 4.0 times the MIC were used against four strains of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 . Staphylococci were plated onto @entity4 -containing agar at all time points, in repeat time-kill kinetic studies. Macrobroth dilution MICs and MBCs were determined. @entity4 levels were measured by bioassay. Replica plating was performed from the original susceptible inoculum (MIC, 0.125 micrograms/ml) onto @entity4 -supplemented agar. At 4.0 times the MIC, only with @entity4 was there regrowth at 24 and 48 h. All four strains of staphylococci grew on agar supplemented with 1 microgram of @entity4 per ml; three of four grew on agar supplemented with 2 micrograms of @entity4 per ml. MICs and MBCs for these resistant clones ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. No degradation in activity or amount of @entity4 could be detected in the bioassay. Replica-plated staphylococci grew on agar containing 1 microgram/ml but not higher concentrations of @entity4 at 48 h. @entity7 and @entity6 sustained bactericidal activity comparable to that of @entity3 . We conclude that heteroresistant subpopulations of @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 can emerge under antibiotic selection pressure. Such resistant clones may then mutate in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic to higher levels of @entity4 resistance.

title: Comparison of in vitro activity of XXXX antibiotics and @entity3 against @entity1 - and @entity5 -resistant @entity0 by time-kill kinetic studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A peritoneovenous (LeVeen) shunt was inserted in 39 @entity0 with @entity1 and intractable @entity4 . Based on the results of previous experience, the following procedures were performed to improve outcome: 1) intraoperative drainage of most of the @entity4 ; 2) short-term antibiotic prophylaxis by @entity5 ; 3) the use of a @entity3 venous catheter tip. There was no operative mortality. Operative morbidity was minimal. Mean postoperative in-hospital stay was 19 +/- 5 days. Two @entity0 had recurrence of @entity4 . This resulted from obstruction of the valve in one @entity0 and of occlusion of the venous catheter in the second @entity0 . One-year probability of shunt failure was 5.8 p. 100. Among the long-term complications, variceal bleeding was the most frequent as it occurred in 8 @entity0 and was responsible for @entity2 in 6. One-year probability of variceal bleeding was 18.6 p. 100. Overall one-year survival was 68 p. 100, 79 p. 100 in the group of 19 @entity0 with Pugh scores of 8 and less, 58 p. 100 in the group of 20 @entity0 with Pugh scores greater than 8. These results suggest that technically improved peritoneovenous shunting is a low operative risk surgical procedure with high efficiency in the treatment of intractable @entity4 in @entity1 .

title: [Peritoneovenous shunting in intractable XXXX of @entity1 . Results of a prospective study on improving prognostic factors].

answer: @entity4


abstract: A peritoneovenous (LeVeen) shunt was inserted in 39 @entity0 with @entity1 and intractable @entity4 . Based on the results of previous experience, the following procedures were performed to improve outcome: 1) intraoperative drainage of most of the @entity4 ; 2) short-term antibiotic prophylaxis by @entity5 ; 3) the use of a @entity3 venous catheter tip. There was no operative mortality. Operative morbidity was minimal. Mean postoperative in-hospital stay was 19 +/- 5 days. Two @entity0 had recurrence of @entity4 . This resulted from obstruction of the valve in one @entity0 and of occlusion of the venous catheter in the second @entity0 . One-year probability of shunt failure was 5.8 p. 100. Among the long-term complications, variceal bleeding was the most frequent as it occurred in 8 @entity0 and was responsible for @entity2 in 6. One-year probability of variceal bleeding was 18.6 p. 100. Overall one-year survival was 68 p. 100, 79 p. 100 in the group of 19 @entity0 with Pugh scores of 8 and less, 58 p. 100 in the group of 20 @entity0 with Pugh scores greater than 8. These results suggest that technically improved peritoneovenous shunting is a low operative risk surgical procedure with high efficiency in the treatment of intractable @entity4 in @entity1 .

title: [Peritoneovenous shunting in intractable @entity4 of XXXX . Results of a prospective study on improving prognostic factors].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is a risk factor for developing @entity4 and @entity2 . Mutations in @entity6 have been shown to cause @entity5 . Recently, a functional polymorphism of this gene ( @entity7 ) was described and associated with a maturity-onset form of @entity5 . We have investigated whether the carrier status of this novel genetic variant is associated with microalbuminuria in individuals from the general population. METHODS: Demographic, cardiovascular risk factors, and renal phenotypes in 1577 individuals from a cross-sectional-based study were collected following the general guidelines of the WHO-MONICA project (monitoring trends and determinants in @entity2 ). Blood and urine samples were obtained. Microalbuminuria was determined using a semiquantitative protocol, and DNA was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes. RESULTS: A strong association was found between the 229Q allele and microalbuminuria (P= 0.008). The presence of the 229Q allele was still associated with a 2.77-fold increased risk of presenting microalbuminuria even after adjustment for age, ethnicity, @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity0 in a multiple logistic regression model. In addition, a statistically significant interaction was identified between the presence of the 229Q allele and body mass index (BMI) (P= 0.01), suggesting an additive effect between the 229Q allele and other risk factors for microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: These data have important implications for the understanding of microalbuminuria in the general population and may contribute to better ways of disease prediction and prevention.

title: @entity6 XXXX functional variant is associated with microalbuminuria in the general population.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is a risk factor for developing @entity4 and @entity2 . Mutations in @entity6 have been shown to cause @entity5 . Recently, a functional polymorphism of this gene ( @entity7 ) was described and associated with a maturity-onset form of @entity5 . We have investigated whether the carrier status of this novel genetic variant is associated with microalbuminuria in individuals from the general population. METHODS: Demographic, cardiovascular risk factors, and renal phenotypes in 1577 individuals from a cross-sectional-based study were collected following the general guidelines of the WHO-MONICA project (monitoring trends and determinants in @entity2 ). Blood and urine samples were obtained. Microalbuminuria was determined using a semiquantitative protocol, and DNA was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes. RESULTS: A strong association was found between the 229Q allele and microalbuminuria (P= 0.008). The presence of the 229Q allele was still associated with a 2.77-fold increased risk of presenting microalbuminuria even after adjustment for age, ethnicity, @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity0 in a multiple logistic regression model. In addition, a statistically significant interaction was identified between the presence of the 229Q allele and body mass index (BMI) (P= 0.01), suggesting an additive effect between the 229Q allele and other risk factors for microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: These data have important implications for the understanding of microalbuminuria in the general population and may contribute to better ways of disease prediction and prevention.

title: XXXX @entity7 functional variant is associated with microalbuminuria in the general population.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing anti- @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity5 ) treatment often develop autoantibodies. Apoptotic cell antigens are a potential initiating stimulus for autoantibodies. Our goal was to verify whether anti-cytokine therapy causes the release of nucleosomes, a major autoantigen generated during cell @entity3 . DESIGN: Laboratory research study with comparison group. SETTING: Clinical Immunology Unit and Lab, H San Raffaele University Hospital, Italy. SUBJECTS: Eleven healthy controls and 87 @entity6 @entity0 were studied, including 51 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 33 @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). INTERVENTIONS: Vein blood samples were taken via the antecubital vein. Blood was retrieved from 11 @entity0 before and after injection of anti- @entity5 humanized antibodies. Nucleosomes were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell @entity3 induced by anti- @entity5 antibodies and by the soluble cytokine was assessed in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nucleosome level by treatment. RESULTS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay effectively detected nucleosomes either released by dying cells in vitro or circulating in the plasma. @entity7 but not @entity4 @entity0 had circulating nucleosomes at the steady state. Eight of 11 @entity0 had significantly higher levels of plasma nucleosomes after infliximab. Minute amounts of @entity5 enabled infliximab to induce cell @entity3 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of nucleosomes possibly fosters the development of autoantibodies in subjects with appropriate genetic backgrounds.

title: Accumulation of plasma nucleosomes upon treatment with anti- @entity1 XXXX factor-alpha antibodies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing anti- @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity5 ) treatment often develop autoantibodies. Apoptotic cell antigens are a potential initiating stimulus for autoantibodies. Our goal was to verify whether anti-cytokine therapy causes the release of nucleosomes, a major autoantigen generated during cell @entity3 . DESIGN: Laboratory research study with comparison group. SETTING: Clinical Immunology Unit and Lab, H San Raffaele University Hospital, Italy. SUBJECTS: Eleven healthy controls and 87 @entity6 @entity0 were studied, including 51 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 33 @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). INTERVENTIONS: Vein blood samples were taken via the antecubital vein. Blood was retrieved from 11 @entity0 before and after injection of anti- @entity5 humanized antibodies. Nucleosomes were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell @entity3 induced by anti- @entity5 antibodies and by the soluble cytokine was assessed in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nucleosome level by treatment. RESULTS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay effectively detected nucleosomes either released by dying cells in vitro or circulating in the plasma. @entity7 but not @entity4 @entity0 had circulating nucleosomes at the steady state. Eight of 11 @entity0 had significantly higher levels of plasma nucleosomes after infliximab. Minute amounts of @entity5 enabled infliximab to induce cell @entity3 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of nucleosomes possibly fosters the development of autoantibodies in subjects with appropriate genetic backgrounds.

title: Accumulation of plasma nucleosomes upon treatment with anti- XXXX @entity2 factor-alpha antibodies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The presently available capsular polysaccharide vaccine is poorly immunogenic in @entity0 under the age of 2 due to its T-independent (TI) nature. Efforts to overcome the TI response elicited by the polysaccharide vaccine have led to the development of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. Although a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) response can be achieved in young @entity0 , the response to the polysaccharide still retains characteristics of a TI antibody response. An alternative method of potentially inducing a @entity3 response to a @entity4 antigen is through peptides that mimic the capsular polysaccharide. Our laboratory, through the production of an anti-idiotypic (anti-id) monoclonal antibody, designated 6F9, has previously identified a peptide mimic of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Using the same selecting monoclonal antibody (mAb), 1E4, we have screened a phage display library and identified 13 unique peptides that bound specifically to mAb1E4. Two peptides, Pep1C and Pep2C, that demonstrated the highest binding to mAb1E4, were selected, complexed to proteosomes, and used to immunize Balb/c @entity1 . Of the 13 peptide motifs, only one peptide motif, that of Pep2C, was found to resemble the immunogenic peptide sequence of the anti-id selected with the same mAb, although many contained several similar @entity2 residues. Immunization with Pep2C, but not Pep1C, induced a significant and functional anti- @entity6 antibody response that conferred protection from a lethal challenge with meningococci. Our results indicate that immunization with a peptide of @entity5 serogroup C, screened with the same mAb that selected an anti-id of @entity6 , induces a functional and protective anti- @entity6 immune response similar to that of the anti-id. This study demonstrates that two different selection methods, production of an anti-id and biopanning using a phage display library, can be used to select functional and protective peptides of @entity6 with similar moieties.

title: Two different methods result in the selection of peptides that induce a protective antibody response to XXXX serogroup C.

answer: @entity5


abstract: During a 6-month period, term @entity0 underwent nasal and umbilical swabbing within 96 hours of delivery and again at 1 to 18 (mean 3.8) weeks after discharge. Swabs were inoculated onto @entity4 blood agar and all @entity1 isolates were phage typed. Two hundred three @entity0 were enrolled and follow-up was obtained for 181 (89%). Thirty-two of 181 (17.6%) were initially colonized, of whom 12 (37.5%) were colonized on follow-up. Thirty-two of 181 became colonized subsequent to hospital discharge. No single phage type predominated. Twenty-five @entity0 were diagnosed to have @entity2 (11), @entity5 (10), and @entity3 (5). Six of these were colonized with @entity1 initially, although organisms of the same phage type were not recovered from cultures obtained at the time of clinical illness. There was no significant difference in the rate of infections in colonized (19%) versus non-colonized (12%) @entity0 . In five @entity0 where @entity1 was recovered at the time of symptoms, all organisms were acquired subsequent to discharge. We conclude that nursery colonization with @entity1 did not lead to clinical illness, and clinical illnesses previously ascribed to @entity1 frequently occur in the absence of these bacteria.

title: XXXX colonization and infection after discharge from a term newborn nursery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirty-three @entity0 have been investigated in Townsville between 1983 and 1987 with @entity7 . All were Caucasian and had been well prior to this illness. Twenty-six had similar presentations with episodic and transient @entity6 often with features of @entity8 . Four @entity0 presented with @entity3 and @entity5 , two with chronic @entity5 and one with recurrent melena. All @entity0 at some stage during their illness developed high peripheral blood eosinophil counts, mean value 2096/mm3. Nine @entity0 had laparotomies. The disease typically involved a short segment of ileum or jejunum with thickening and induration. The histology of the four resected specimens demonstrated a transmural @entity2 with @entity1 and an intense eosinophilic infiltrate. A solitary adult hookworm was identified in one @entity0 adherent to the mucosa of the resected bowel. Each of the 19 @entity0 treated with antihelminthic drugs responded promptly. Recovery was accompanied by a return to normal peripheral blood eosinophil counts. This paper reports an unusual form of @entity7 thought due to a @entity4 . The diagnosis should be considered in @entity0 from North Queensland presenting with @entity6 and @entity7 . Laparotomy should be delayed pending a trial of conservative therapy with @entity9 .

title: XXXX --a recent north Queensland experience.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Results of treatment of 70 @entity0 hospitalized with acute @entity5 were analysed to determine the value of early contrast enema in management. A water-soluble enema done during the first week of hospitalization in 48 @entity0 showed @entity8 with @entity4 (30), a leak or peridiverticulitis (16) and a normal study (two). No complications were caused by the study. Forty @entity0 improved on medical therapy, but four relapsed after discharge. Thirty-four (49%) @entity0 had urgent operation during hospitalization for the acute episode of @entity5 . Findings on contrast enema correlated with the need for surgery during the acute phase: 13 of 16 with peridiverticulitis or a leak compared with three of 30 with @entity8 / @entity4 (P less than 0.001). Operations performed were: sigmoid resection and primary @entity2 (17) with covering colostomy (five). Hartmann's operation (eight), @entity7 (seven), right hemicolectomy (two). Findings at surgery were: abscess (15), phlegmon (12), @entity3 (five) and @entity6 (two). It is concluded that early contrast enemas of the distal colon done with appropriate precautions are useful in confirming the diagnosis of @entity1 : only two of 48 studies were falsely negative. A pericolic extravasation (as opposed to a small sinus tract) or abscess usually indicates need for operation, whereas the finding of @entity8 / @entity4 suggests a favourable outcome of conservative management.

title: Acute XXXX : safety and value of contrast studies in predicting need for operation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of macrophage magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity0 by using an experimental soft-tissue @entity2 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with unilateral @entity3 -muscle @entity2 were imaged with a 4.7-T MR imager at an early chronic stage of @entity2 (day 4 before contrast material injection, days 4-7 after injection). Eleven animals were imaged before and 3 and 24 hours after intravenous application of ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity4 (USPIO), and eight animals were additionally imaged 48 hours and three animals 72 hours after USPIO application. Two infected @entity0 served as controls. T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences were applied. All animals were sacrificed, and histopathologic findings were correlated with findings on MR images. Electron microscopy was performed in two @entity0 . For quantitative analysis, signal intensities on T2*-weighted images and T2 values on T2 maps were measured within regions of interest, and the temporal variation was analyzed by using the signed rank test. RESULTS: Visualization of USPIO-loaded macrophages was most sensitive with a T2*-weighted sequence. USPIO distribution pattern and quantitative analysis of T2 and T2* effects 3 hours after USPIO application were significantly different (P <.05) from those at 24 and 48 hours, reflecting the dynamic transit of the particle accumulation from the intravascular to the intracellular compartment by means of macrophage phagocytosis. Local signal intensity alterations could be correlated with @entity1 -loaded macrophages at histopathologic examination. CONCLUSION: Activated macrophages in acute soft-tissue @entity2 can be labeled with USPIOs and detected with MR imaging because of susceptibility effects.

title: MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic XXXX particles in experimental soft-tissue infections in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of macrophage magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity0 by using an experimental soft-tissue @entity2 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with unilateral @entity3 -muscle @entity2 were imaged with a 4.7-T MR imager at an early chronic stage of @entity2 (day 4 before contrast material injection, days 4-7 after injection). Eleven animals were imaged before and 3 and 24 hours after intravenous application of ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity4 (USPIO), and eight animals were additionally imaged 48 hours and three animals 72 hours after USPIO application. Two infected @entity0 served as controls. T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences were applied. All animals were sacrificed, and histopathologic findings were correlated with findings on MR images. Electron microscopy was performed in two @entity0 . For quantitative analysis, signal intensities on T2*-weighted images and T2 values on T2 maps were measured within regions of interest, and the temporal variation was analyzed by using the signed rank test. RESULTS: Visualization of USPIO-loaded macrophages was most sensitive with a T2*-weighted sequence. USPIO distribution pattern and quantitative analysis of T2 and T2* effects 3 hours after USPIO application were significantly different (P <.05) from those at 24 and 48 hours, reflecting the dynamic transit of the particle accumulation from the intravascular to the intracellular compartment by means of macrophage phagocytosis. Local signal intensity alterations could be correlated with @entity1 -loaded macrophages at histopathologic examination. CONCLUSION: Activated macrophages in acute soft-tissue @entity2 can be labeled with USPIOs and detected with MR imaging because of susceptibility effects.

title: MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity4 particles in experimental soft-tissue infections in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The oncologic and functional outcomes of six @entity0 who had scapular allograft reconstruction after scapulectomy for @entity1 were reviewed. Five @entity0 had Stage IIB and one @entity0 had Stage IB @entity1 . Total scapulectomy was done in five @entity0 , and partial scapulectomy (glenoid and neck) was done in one @entity0 . Frozen glycerolized scapular allografts were implanted and fixed with plates and screws. The scapular muscles were reattached to the allograft. Tendon reconstruction to replace the excised muscles was done in two @entity0 . The @entity0 were followed up for an average of 3.8 years (range, 2-6 years). Cosmesis, elbow, and hand function were good in all @entity0 . There were no infections, nonunions, or @entity2 . One @entity0 fractured the body of the allograft after a fall. One @entity0 had local recurrence and had scapulectomy 5 years postoperatively. Two @entity0 died 3 and 5 years postoperatively with lung metastases but with functioning grafts. The mean functional result using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 82 (range, 77-87). In this series, scapular allograft reconstruction restored cosmesis, shoulder stability, and function. Preservation or reconstruction of rotator cuff muscles is recommended.

title: Allograft reconstruction after resection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: One hundred fifty-nine subacute @entity2 @entity0 completed a full medical assessment at baseline. A full repeat examination was performed 3 months later, when return-to-work status was determined. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic value of a comprehensive medical assessment for the prediction of return-to-work status. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A systematic review of the @entity1 prediction literature of low back trouble prognosis revealed that no high-quality studies included a full medical history and physical examination in the design. The results of studies included in the systematic review were equivocal with respect to predictive usefulness of medical variables. METHODS: @entity0 completed medical history questionnaires and then were clinically examined by one of six experienced examiners (three physicians and three physiotherapists). Return-to-work status was measured 3 months later, and predictive validity was evaluated using logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: Medical variables (, medical history subscales, physical examination subscales, and lumbar range-of-motion tests) showed modest correct classification rates varying between 61.6% and 69.1% for @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive medical assessments play a crucial role in the early identification of serious pathology after low back trouble. We were unable to identify, however, any medical evaluation variables that would account for significant proportions of variance in return to work. The weight of evidence obtained in this study suggests that injured workers' subjective interpretations and appraisals may be more powerful predictors of the course of postinjury recovery than exclusively medical assessments.

title: Are components of a comprehensive medical assessment predictive of XXXX after an episode of occupational low back trouble?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirteen @entity0 underwent reoperation for recurrent @entity2 using the orbicularis oculi muscle flap or the frontalis musculofascial flap. The orbicularis oculi muscle flap and the frontalis musculofascial flap are a modification of direct transplantation of the frontalis muscle to the tarsal plate. This is based on an anatomic study showing that the frontalis muscle and its fascia are connected with the orbicularis oculi muscle at the eyebrow region. The @entity0 ' previous @entity2 operations were frontalis muscle suspension with autogenous or alloplastic material. Their follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 10 years. The average interval between the @entity0 's first frontalis suspension to their reoperation was 8.09 years. The selection of the muscle flaps was based on the extent of levator function of the @entity0 . When the eyelid excursion was moderate (>4 mm), the orbicularis oculi muscle flap was used. For @entity0 with minimal or weak eyelid excursion (<3 mm), the frontalis musculofascial flap was used. Eleven @entity0 (91.6%) gained levator excursion of more than 7 mm and reduced the height difference of both palpebral fissures by less than 2 mm after the reoperation. After an average follow-up of 20 months, 11 @entity0 (14 eyelids) recorded satisfactory results. This is based on the criteria of Souther, and Jordan and Anderson. The overall results were more than satisfactory. Even though 2 @entity0 reported poor results, there was no complete failure in this series. The authors' technique offers several advantages over conventional frontalis muscle suspension: it is a simple technique that has a good operative field, there is no donor morbidity and less complications, and asymmetrical supratarsal folding, eyelid notching, lagophthalmus, and @entity1 that can occur after a frontalis muscle suspension can be avoided. In summary, the orbicularis oculi muscle flap or the frontalis musculofascial flap are considered for @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 after frontalis muscle suspension.

title: Correction of recurrent XXXX using an orbicularis oculi muscle flap and a frontalis musculofascial flap.

answer: @entity2


abstract: From June 1983 to Jan. 1985, 75 @entity0 with early stage @entity3 were treated in our hospital. The ages ranged from 3 to 65 years. The ratio of male to female was 2.75. The intermediate and high grade @entity2 comprised 89.3% of the whole group. By clinical staging, there were 23 Stage I, 44 Stage II, and 8 @entity1 . The primary sites were: 33 in the Waldeyer's ring, 22 in lymph nodes, 10 in the nasal cavity and 10 in the other organs. The two-year survival rate of the whole group was 69.3%. In view of the results, the prognosis was related to the staging, A or B symptoms, primary site and CR or PR after treatment, but the age was irrelevant. The results also showed that intermediate or high grade @entity1 gave no significant difference in the two-year survival rate. It might be due to the fact that they were originated from the large cell type of @entity2 in the intermediate group and possessed similar malignant properties as the high @entity2 .

title: [Short-term results of radiotherapy in early stage XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the binocular visual function in @entity3 after bimedial rectus recession with loop suture and to address the factors that could take part in the attainment of binocular function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty @entity0 with @entity3 who were operated on between 12 and 48 months of age were included in the study group. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 2 to 10 years. In order to determine the factors affecting the sensory results in @entity3 , we classified our @entity0 into two groups according to their fusion status. We compared the preoperative and postoperative characteristics of @entity0 in these two groups. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 40 @entity0 (52.5%) fused the Worth four-dot at near (Group 1), 19 @entity0 (47.5%) did not (Group 2) at the final examination. No @entity0 showed evidence of stereopsis. We found significant differences between these two groups in respect to the final angle of @entity2 , the age at surgery, the presence of postoperative @entity1 , dissociated @entity2 and abnormal head position. Correlation analysis revealed that early alignment of the eyes and the absence of postoperative @entity2 were associated with increased incidence of achieving some degree of binocular vision. CONCLUSION: In @entity3 , not all @entity0 may have the potential for normal binocular function owing to yet unknown constitutional factors. We determined that achieving some degree of binocular function may be related to early alignment of the eyes. Additionally, close follow-up and precise treatment of the accompanying @entity2 , especially @entity1 and dissociated @entity2 , in a timely manner may enhance the attainment of binocular sensory function.

title: Binocular visual function in XXXX after bilateral medial rectus recession with loop suture.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of the study is to analyse whether the analgesic therapy of @entity2 during the first 2 days after surgery differs among the different surgical departments. METHODS: @entity0 were randomly chosen from among all those who underwent elective surgery. Characteristics of analgesic treatment (drug, dosage, schedule) and @entity1 intensity were determined at the postoperative anaesthetic care unit and in the first and second postoperative days on the ward. All comparisons were carried out by surgical departments. RESULTS: Six hundred and twenty-three @entity0 from six surgical departments were studied. Analgesic treatment orders varied greatly among the different departments, and these differences were statistically significant regarding number of drugs, type of drugs, analgesic schedule, and completeness of medical orders. Some differences were also observed regarding drug dosage. @entity0 from gynaecology and obstetrics, traumatology and orthopaedics and general surgery reported the most severe @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity2 differs among the surgical departments, especially regarding analgesic schedules and completeness of analgesic orders. Analgesic therapy may often be based more on customary habits than on the @entity0 ' @entity1 intensity.

title: Analgesic use for XXXX : differences arise when comparing departments of surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 (SBTPC) is a mutual prodrug of @entity4 (SBT) and @entity2 (ABPC). A study has been performed to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties and clinical usefulness of SBTPC fine granules in the treatment of pediatric infections. After an oral dose of 5-15 mg/kg of SBTPC fine granules, peak serum concentrations of ABPC and SBT were 1.18-3.26 micrograms/ml and 0.97-3.05 micrograms/ml, respectively at 1 hour. Serum half-lives for elimination (T 1/2 (beta] of ABPC and SBT were 0.83-1.83 hours and 0.94-1.71 hours, respectively. Serum concentrations of ABPC at 1-6 hours after an oral administration of SBTPC fine granules were similar to those of SBT. Serum concentrations of ABPC and SBT were proportional to dose levels of SBTPC fine granules. Following oral administrations of 5-15 mg/kg, 33.9-64.8% of ABPC and 38.1-76.6% of SBT were recovered in urine in 6 hours. SBTPC fine granules were administered in a daily dose of approximately 30 mg/kg divided into 3 doses to 14 pediatric @entity0 with @entity3 . All 14 were cured with 11 excellent and 3 good clinical response to this drug. Microbiological eradication was obtained in 85.7%. beta-Lactamase-producing ABPC-resistant strains were eradicated. Adverse effects including laboratory test values that may be attributed to the administration of SBTPC fine granules were not observed except a treatment episode of @entity1 in 1 @entity0 .

title: [Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on XXXX fine granules in pediatrics].

answer: @entity5


abstract: We developed a whole-canopy @entity1 exchange simulation model to study effects of pruning on the @entity0 balance of trees. Model inputs include global short-wave radiation, photosynthetic @entity3 ( @entity3 ), air temperature, time series of the development of canopy diameter, height and total leaf area during the simulation period and local geographical and atmospheric parameters. Canopy structure is derived stochastically from the time series of canopy development and growth functions of individual phytoelements. The @entity3 incident on a phytoelement is computed from the average gap frequency of the canopy and the binary random probability of sunflecks on the phytoelement. Instantaneous @entity1 assimilation rate of each phytoelement is computed from @entity3 and phytoelement age. Assimilation rates are integrated over space and time to estimate whole-canopy @entity1 assimilation. The model was used to study @entity0 balance in five sources of the leguminous agroforestry tree Erythrina poeppigiana (Walpers) O.F. Cook during two 6-month pruning intervals. The canopy description appeared to be realistic. According to the simulations, cumulative assimilation did not provide enough @entity0 for tree growth until two months after pruning, indicating @entity2 of tree growth on reserve @entity4 . The two most productive sources, which had the most open canopies, were the most dependent on reserve @entity4 after pruning.

title: Canopy development, @entity1 exchange and XXXX balance of a modeled agroforestry tree.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We developed a whole-canopy @entity1 exchange simulation model to study effects of pruning on the @entity0 balance of trees. Model inputs include global short-wave radiation, photosynthetic @entity3 ( @entity3 ), air temperature, time series of the development of canopy diameter, height and total leaf area during the simulation period and local geographical and atmospheric parameters. Canopy structure is derived stochastically from the time series of canopy development and growth functions of individual phytoelements. The @entity3 incident on a phytoelement is computed from the average gap frequency of the canopy and the binary random probability of sunflecks on the phytoelement. Instantaneous @entity1 assimilation rate of each phytoelement is computed from @entity3 and phytoelement age. Assimilation rates are integrated over space and time to estimate whole-canopy @entity1 assimilation. The model was used to study @entity0 balance in five sources of the leguminous agroforestry tree Erythrina poeppigiana (Walpers) O.F. Cook during two 6-month pruning intervals. The canopy description appeared to be realistic. According to the simulations, cumulative assimilation did not provide enough @entity0 for tree growth until two months after pruning, indicating @entity2 of tree growth on reserve @entity4 . The two most productive sources, which had the most open canopies, were the most dependent on reserve @entity4 after pruning.

title: Canopy development, XXXX exchange and @entity0 balance of a modeled agroforestry tree.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have evaluated @entity11 (SBTPC) fine granules for pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness in @entity0 . The results are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters after the oral administration of single dose of 5.0 mg per kg body weight in 1 @entity0 were as follows: The peak serum concentrations of @entity4 (ABPC) and @entity9 (SBT) were 1.92 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 1.85 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, respectively. The half-lives in serum and urinary excretion rate for ABPC and SBT were similar. 2. A clinical study was performed on 15 @entity0 with @entity1 , including 4 with @entity8 , 5 with @entity10 , 2 each with @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity2 . Doses ranging from 6.7 to 18.2 mg/kg body weight were given tid. or qid. Lengths of treatment ranged from 5 to 10 days. The therapeutic responses were considered "excellent" in 6 and "good" in 9, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. 3. As to side effects of the drug, @entity3 was observed in 1 @entity0 . It was concluded that SBTPC was a promising drug for the treatment of @entity6 in @entity0 .

title: [Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of XXXX fine granules in pediatrics].

answer: @entity11


abstract: Fluxes of @entity2 , water vapor and energy were measured above and below a temperate broad-leaved forest and a boreal jack pine (Pinus banksiania Lamb.) forest by the eddy covariance method. The aim of the work was to examine differences between the biological and physical processes that control the fluxes of mass and energy over these disparate forest stand types. @entity0 and latent heat flux (LE) densities over the temperate broad-leaved forest were about three times larger than those observed over the boreal forest. Available energy was the key variable modulating LE over the temperate broad-leaved forest, whereas LE over the boreal jack pine stand was sensitive to variations in water @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and available energy. It was also noted that @entity3 had different impacts on transpiration rates of the two forest stands. Increasing @entity3 forced a negative feedback on jack pine transpiration, whereas transpiration rates of the well-watered broad-leaved forest responded favorably to increasing @entity3 . @entity2 flux densities over the broad-leaved forest stand were more sensitive to changes in absorbed photosynthetic photon flux density than those over the boreal forest. The efficiency of @entity1 uptake over the jack pine stand was reduced, in part, because the low leaf area of the stand caused a sizable fraction of available quanta to be absorbed by nonphotosynthetic organs, such as limbs and trunks. Over both forest stands, variations in photosynthetic photon flux density of photosynthetically active radiation (Q(P)) explained only 50 to 60% of the variance of @entity1 exchange rates. Consequently, caution should be exercised when scaling @entity0 fluxes to regional scales based on unmodified, satellite-derived indices. The more open nature of the boreal jack pine forest caused water vapor, @entity1 and heat fluxes at the forest floor to be a significant component of whole canopy mass and energy exchange rates. About 20 to 30% of net canopy mass and energy exchange occurred at the forest floor. Much smaller rates of mass and energy exchange occurred under the temperate broad-leaved forest.

title: Energy and XXXX flux densities above and below a temperate broad-leaved forest and a boreal pine forest.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The increase in number of fine (< 0.5 mm diameter) roots of one-year-old clonal Pinus radiata D. Don trees grown in large open-top field chambers at ambient (362 micro mol mol(-1)) or elevated (654 micro mol mol(-1)) @entity1 concentration was estimated using minirhizotron tubes placed horizontally at a depth of 0.3 m. The trees were well supplied with water and nutrients. Destructive harvesting of roots along an additional tube showed that there was a linear relationship between root number estimated from the minirhizotron and both root length density, L(v), and root @entity0 density, C(v), in the surrounding soil. Root distribution decreased with horizontal distance from the tree. At a depth of 0.3 m, 88% of the total C(v) was concentrated within a 0.15-m radius from tree stems in the elevated @entity1 treatment, compared with 35% for trees in the ambient @entity1 treatment. Mean C(v) along the tubes ranged up to 5 x 10(-2) micro g mm(-3) and tended to be greater for trees grown at elevated @entity1 concentration, although the differences between @entity1 treatments were not significant. Root growth started in spring and continued until late summer. There was no significant difference in seasonal rates of increase in C(v) between treatments, but roots were observed four weeks earlier in the elevated @entity1 treatment. No root turnover occurred at a depth of 0.3 m during the first year after planting. Mean values of @entity2 flux density at the soil surface, F, increased from 0.02 to 0.13 g m(-2) h(-1) during the year, and F was 30% greater for trees grown at elevated @entity1 concentration than at ambient @entity1 . Diurnal changes in F were related to air temperature. The seasonal increase in F continued through the summer and early autumn, well after air temperature had begun to decline, suggesting that the increase was partly caused by increase in C(v) as the roots colonized the soil profile.

title: Seasonal root distribution and soil surface XXXX fluxes for one-year-old Pinus radiata trees growing at ambient and elevated @entity2 concentration.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The increase in number of fine (< 0.5 mm diameter) roots of one-year-old clonal Pinus radiata D. Don trees grown in large open-top field chambers at ambient (362 micro mol mol(-1)) or elevated (654 micro mol mol(-1)) @entity1 concentration was estimated using minirhizotron tubes placed horizontally at a depth of 0.3 m. The trees were well supplied with water and nutrients. Destructive harvesting of roots along an additional tube showed that there was a linear relationship between root number estimated from the minirhizotron and both root length density, L(v), and root @entity0 density, C(v), in the surrounding soil. Root distribution decreased with horizontal distance from the tree. At a depth of 0.3 m, 88% of the total C(v) was concentrated within a 0.15-m radius from tree stems in the elevated @entity1 treatment, compared with 35% for trees in the ambient @entity1 treatment. Mean C(v) along the tubes ranged up to 5 x 10(-2) micro g mm(-3) and tended to be greater for trees grown at elevated @entity1 concentration, although the differences between @entity1 treatments were not significant. Root growth started in spring and continued until late summer. There was no significant difference in seasonal rates of increase in C(v) between treatments, but roots were observed four weeks earlier in the elevated @entity1 treatment. No root turnover occurred at a depth of 0.3 m during the first year after planting. Mean values of @entity2 flux density at the soil surface, F, increased from 0.02 to 0.13 g m(-2) h(-1) during the year, and F was 30% greater for trees grown at elevated @entity1 concentration than at ambient @entity1 . Diurnal changes in F were related to air temperature. The seasonal increase in F continued through the summer and early autumn, well after air temperature had begun to decline, suggesting that the increase was partly caused by increase in C(v) as the roots colonized the soil profile.

title: Seasonal root distribution and soil surface @entity0 fluxes for one-year-old Pinus radiata trees growing at ambient and elevated XXXX concentration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical outcomes for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 having surgery are imprecisely predicted by histopathology and intraoperative staging. We hypothesized that gene expression profiles could predict time to progression and survival in surgically cytoreduced @entity2 of all stages. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Gene expression analyses from 21 @entity3 @entity0 having cytoreductions and identical postoperative adjuvant therapy were performed using the U95 Affymetrix gene @entity4 . Using both @entity4 and SAM, @entity1 constructed a common 27 gene classifier, which was associated with either the high-risk and low-risk group of @entity0 . Data were validated using real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The 27 gene classifier was also used for validation in a separate set of 17 @entity3 @entity0 from another institution. RESULTS: The groups predicted by the gene classifier recapitulated the actual time to progression and survival of the test set with 95.2% accuracy using 10-fold cross-validation. Clinical outcomes were independent of histology, and heterogeneity of progression and survival in early stage @entity0 was defined by the classifier. The gene classifier had a 76% accuracy in the separate validation set of MPMs. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that pretherapy gene expression analysis of @entity2 biopsies may predict which @entity0 may benefit from a surgical approach.

title: Gene expression profiles predict survival and progression of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The incidence, mode of the onset and prognosis of primary @entity2 in 1,445 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing coronary angiography were elucidated in the present study. Primary @entity2 was observed in four @entity0 (0.28%). The first case was a 28-year-old @entity0 , who developed @entity4 at rest, followed by @entity3 . His coronary angiogram showed dual lumina in the proximal to distal segments of the right coronary artery, which were separated by a flap. A left ventriculogram showed severe @entity1 (akinesis) in its inferior segment. Six years later, he was classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I. The second case, a 54-year-old @entity0 , developed @entity4 followed by @entity3 . His coronary angiogram showed a similar dissection from the proximal to distal segments of the right coronary artery. A left ventriculogram showed akinesis of the inferior segment and a coronary angiogram five years later showed marked resolution of the dissection. Twelve years after the @entity5 , he was classified as NYHA functional class I. The third case, a 46-year-old @entity0 , experienced sudden onset of @entity3 . Her coronary angiogram showed dissection from the middle to distal segments, and the posterior descending branch of the right coronary artery. A left ventriculogram showed akinesis of the inferior segment, and three years later, she was asymptomatic. The fourth case, a 28-year-old @entity0 , developed anterior @entity3 following delivery. Her coronary angiogram revealed dissection from the proximal to middle segments of the left anterior descending artery. A left ventriculogram showed akinesis in the anteroseptal segment and dyskinesis in the apical segment. She died suddenly four years after her @entity3 . Thus, primary @entity2 is not extremely rare and it may have been associated with @entity6 in at least two of these four cases.

title: Primary XXXX : its incidence, mode of the onset and prognostic evaluation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cartilage @entity8 during @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been linked to an increased rate of apoptosis of chondrocytes, the only cell type resident in the cartilage. In addition, the @entity6 - @entity1 (the Fas system) has emerged as one of the major pathways of cell death in the cartilage. We undertook the present study to investigate the role of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the regulation of the Fas system by analyzing the modulation of intracellular signaling molecules ( @entity7 inhibitory protein [ @entity5 ] and @entity9 ) in primary cultures of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes. METHODS: @entity6 -induced apoptotic death of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was analyzed in the presence or absence of @entity2 using cell death immunoassay for apoptosis, real-time polymerase chain reaction for @entity5 and @entity7 expression, Western blotting for @entity5 , and proteolytic activity for @entity9 . RESULTS: @entity6 -induced apoptotic death of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was strongly counteracted by @entity2 treatment, although the surface expression of @entity6 was slightly up-regulated by this cytokine. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity5 and @entity7 , mediators involved in @entity6 signaling, revealed that @entity5 expression in @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was significantly up-regulated (2-fold increase) by @entity2 treatment. Moreover, the @entity5 : @entity7 mRNA ratio increased significantly. @entity5 up-regulation by @entity2 was confirmed at the protein level. @entity7 and @entity3 proteolytic activities, both induced in these cells by stimulation with anti- @entity6 , were also significantly down-modulated by @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity2 impairs @entity6 -mediated signaling and apoptotic death in @entity0 chondrocytes. Its mechanism of action involves down-regulation of @entity7 and @entity3 activities and increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity5 , suggesting an interesting mechanism for the inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis.

title: Inhibition of @entity6 apoptotic signaling by @entity2 in @entity0 osteoarthritic chondrocytes is associated with increased expression of XXXX inhibitory protein.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cartilage @entity8 during @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been linked to an increased rate of apoptosis of chondrocytes, the only cell type resident in the cartilage. In addition, the @entity6 - @entity1 (the Fas system) has emerged as one of the major pathways of cell death in the cartilage. We undertook the present study to investigate the role of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the regulation of the Fas system by analyzing the modulation of intracellular signaling molecules ( @entity7 inhibitory protein [ @entity5 ] and @entity9 ) in primary cultures of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes. METHODS: @entity6 -induced apoptotic death of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was analyzed in the presence or absence of @entity2 using cell death immunoassay for apoptosis, real-time polymerase chain reaction for @entity5 and @entity7 expression, Western blotting for @entity5 , and proteolytic activity for @entity9 . RESULTS: @entity6 -induced apoptotic death of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was strongly counteracted by @entity2 treatment, although the surface expression of @entity6 was slightly up-regulated by this cytokine. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity5 and @entity7 , mediators involved in @entity6 signaling, revealed that @entity5 expression in @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was significantly up-regulated (2-fold increase) by @entity2 treatment. Moreover, the @entity5 : @entity7 mRNA ratio increased significantly. @entity5 up-regulation by @entity2 was confirmed at the protein level. @entity7 and @entity3 proteolytic activities, both induced in these cells by stimulation with anti- @entity6 , were also significantly down-modulated by @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity2 impairs @entity6 -mediated signaling and apoptotic death in @entity0 chondrocytes. Its mechanism of action involves down-regulation of @entity7 and @entity3 activities and increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity5 , suggesting an interesting mechanism for the inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis.

title: Inhibition of XXXX apoptotic signaling by @entity2 in @entity0 osteoarthritic chondrocytes is associated with increased expression of @entity7 inhibitory protein.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cartilage @entity8 during @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been linked to an increased rate of apoptosis of chondrocytes, the only cell type resident in the cartilage. In addition, the @entity6 - @entity1 (the Fas system) has emerged as one of the major pathways of cell death in the cartilage. We undertook the present study to investigate the role of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the regulation of the Fas system by analyzing the modulation of intracellular signaling molecules ( @entity7 inhibitory protein [ @entity5 ] and @entity9 ) in primary cultures of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes. METHODS: @entity6 -induced apoptotic death of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was analyzed in the presence or absence of @entity2 using cell death immunoassay for apoptosis, real-time polymerase chain reaction for @entity5 and @entity7 expression, Western blotting for @entity5 , and proteolytic activity for @entity9 . RESULTS: @entity6 -induced apoptotic death of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was strongly counteracted by @entity2 treatment, although the surface expression of @entity6 was slightly up-regulated by this cytokine. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity5 and @entity7 , mediators involved in @entity6 signaling, revealed that @entity5 expression in @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was significantly up-regulated (2-fold increase) by @entity2 treatment. Moreover, the @entity5 : @entity7 mRNA ratio increased significantly. @entity5 up-regulation by @entity2 was confirmed at the protein level. @entity7 and @entity3 proteolytic activities, both induced in these cells by stimulation with anti- @entity6 , were also significantly down-modulated by @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity2 impairs @entity6 -mediated signaling and apoptotic death in @entity0 chondrocytes. Its mechanism of action involves down-regulation of @entity7 and @entity3 activities and increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity5 , suggesting an interesting mechanism for the inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis.

title: Inhibition of @entity6 apoptotic signaling by XXXX in @entity0 osteoarthritic chondrocytes is associated with increased expression of @entity7 inhibitory protein.

answer: @entity2