abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is polygenic with a large genetic component. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 degrade extracellular matrix; expression levels are increased in the @entity1 where tissue damage is observed. Polymorphisms associated with elevated expression ( @entity2 -1171 allele 5A; @entity3 -1607 2G), at 11q22.2, a region repeatedly showing evidence of linkage in @entity0 , are associated with other chronic inflammatory disorders which may share a common molecular pathology. We tested for an association between these candidate gene polymorphisms and @entity0 . METHODS: Two independent collections of 225 and 102 combined (Norwegian and Swedish) simplex families, and 160 independent healthy controls from the Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry were used. Each individual was genotyped by PCR and fragment length analysis on an automated sequencer. The transmission/disequilibrium test was applied. Odds ratios were calculated employing probands or affected sibs where available, as cases versus independent controls. RESULTS: @entity3 allele 2G did not show evidence of association in any tests undertaken. Neither did we find evidence for association of @entity2 allele 5A, except among the combined family data: a non-significant tendency toward reduced risk was observed among males carrying @entity2 allele 5A (40.2% transmission, Pc = 0.2). Further testing to clarify this observation did not reveal a significant association (odds ratio = 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.42-1.07), P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find significant evidence to support an association of @entity2 allele 5A or @entity3 allele 2G with @entity0 in Norwegian and Swedish populations.

title: XXXX candidate genes: no association with functional polymorphisms in @entity3 gene promoters.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is polygenic with a large genetic component. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 degrade extracellular matrix; expression levels are increased in the @entity1 where tissue damage is observed. Polymorphisms associated with elevated expression ( @entity2 -1171 allele 5A; @entity3 -1607 2G), at 11q22.2, a region repeatedly showing evidence of linkage in @entity0 , are associated with other chronic inflammatory disorders which may share a common molecular pathology. We tested for an association between these candidate gene polymorphisms and @entity0 . METHODS: Two independent collections of 225 and 102 combined (Norwegian and Swedish) simplex families, and 160 independent healthy controls from the Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry were used. Each individual was genotyped by PCR and fragment length analysis on an automated sequencer. The transmission/disequilibrium test was applied. Odds ratios were calculated employing probands or affected sibs where available, as cases versus independent controls. RESULTS: @entity3 allele 2G did not show evidence of association in any tests undertaken. Neither did we find evidence for association of @entity2 allele 5A, except among the combined family data: a non-significant tendency toward reduced risk was observed among males carrying @entity2 allele 5A (40.2% transmission, Pc = 0.2). Further testing to clarify this observation did not reveal a significant association (odds ratio = 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.42-1.07), P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find significant evidence to support an association of @entity2 allele 5A or @entity3 allele 2G with @entity0 in Norwegian and Swedish populations.

title: @entity0 candidate genes: no association with functional polymorphisms in XXXX gene promoters.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Domesticated animals quickly evolve docile and submissive behaviors after isolation from their wild conspecifics. Model organisms reared for prolonged periods in the laboratory also exhibit similar shifts towards these @entity1 . Yet whether this divergence is due to inadvertent selection in the lab or the fixation of deleterious mutations remains unknown. RESULTS: Here, we compare the genomes of lab-reared and wild-caught @entity2 to understand the genetic basis of these recently endowed behaviors common to laboratory models. From reassembled genomes of common lab strains, we identify unique, derived variants not present in global populations (lab-specific SNPs). Decreased selective constraints across low frequency SNPs (unique to one or two lab strains) are different from patterns found in the wild and more similar to neutral expectations, suggesting an overall accumulation of deleterious mutations. However, high-frequency lab SNPs found in most or all lab strains reveal an enrichment of X-linked loci and neuro-sensory genes across large extended haplotypes. Among shared polymorphisms, we also find highly differentiated SNPs, in which the derived allele is higher in frequency in the wild (Fst*wild>lab), enriched for similar neurogenetic ontologies, indicative of relaxed selection on more active wild alleles in the lab. CONCLUSIONS: Among random mutations that continuously accumulate in the laboratory, we detect common adaptive signatures in domesticated lab strains of @entity2 . Our results demonstrate that lab animals can quickly evolve @entity1 via unconscious selection by @entity0 early on a broad pool of disproportionately large neurogenetic targets followed by the fixation of accumulated deleterious mutations on functionally similar targets.

title: Genomic signatures of domestication on neurogenetic genes in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a benign condition of @entity1 in soft tissue. It is frequently asymptomatic, though it manifests as decreased range of motion in the affected joints that may occur in the shoulder after a substantial @entity2 and can complicate the functional outcome of the affected upper extremity. However, severe @entity4 is an extremely rare event following acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We are presenting a case of a 29-year-old male @entity0 who had a @entity2 with resultant Rockwood @entity2 . He subsequently complained of left @entity3 with decreased range of motion 3  years later. @entity4 was diagnosed after X-rays and the severity was assessed with a computerized tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. The @entity0 was treated with a combination of pre-operative radiotherapy, surgical excision, mobilization under anesthesia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy and physiotherapy. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up, excellent clinical and radiological outcomes were achieved with a Constant score of 92 points, DASH score of 24  %, and ASES score 100  %, with a full range of motion of the left shoulder. Furthermore, there was no more radiological evidence of @entity4 on plain radiographs. CONCLUSION: Severe @entity4 after a Rockwood type II ACJ injury in this case was successfully treated with combination of pre-operative radiotherapy, surgical excision and manipulation under anesthesia as well as NSAID therapy and physiotherapy.

title: Severe heterotopic ossifications after Rockwood type II XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 is the most important risk factor for @entity2 and @entity6 . Antihypertensive treatment reduces @entity2 risk by 40%. Most probably, all antihypertensive drugs are equally effective with the exception of alpha blockers. One study showed superiority of an @entity7 antagonist versus beta blocker in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity8 . Blood pressure is increased in many @entity0 with @entity2 . In this phase, sudden drops in blood pressure should be avoided. All guidelines concerning antihypertensive treatment in @entity2 are not based on evidence. For secondary prevention, the combination of an @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibitor and diuretic reduced @entity2 by 28% after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or a first @entity2 . Whether this is a drug-specific effect or due to lowering blood pressure per se is investigated at the moment. Antihypertensive treatment can reduce the incidence of @entity6 and @entity3 .

title: [Cerebrovascular sequelae of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY: @entity7 represents an important factor determining the prognosis of @entity3 @entity0 . @entity6 as identified by electrocardiography (Table 1) or echocardiography (Table 2) characterizes @entity0 with a significantly increased risk of mortality and @entity5 . From the pathophysiological point of view this is based on @entity6 of the media in resistance vessels, on @entity2 , on a reduced coronary flow reserve and on the occurrence of @entity1 (Figure 1). The diastolic and (later) systolic function of the heart are disturbed (Figures 2 to 4). Antihypertensive therapy with beta blockers and diuretics leads to a reduction of left ventricular mass by 5-8%, with ACE-inhibitors and AT-blockers by 13% (Figure 5). Particularly ACE-inhibitors can effectively reverse of the above mentioned pathological processes. Regression of @entity6 goes along with an improved prognosis and a reduction of @entity5 (Figure 6). A symptomatic treatment of @entity5 should always be accompanied by medical therapy aimed at regression of @entity6 . Optimal therapy results in normalizes of blood pressure, leads to a regression of @entity6 and induces @entity4 , which in turn improve left ventricular function, reduces microvascular @entity1 stress and @entity5 . These therapeutic desiderates are also pertinent for @entity3 in the prehypertrophic state, as in juvenile @entity3 .

title: [Regression of XXXX in @entity3 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY: @entity7 represents an important factor determining the prognosis of @entity3 @entity0 . @entity6 as identified by electrocardiography (Table 1) or echocardiography (Table 2) characterizes @entity0 with a significantly increased risk of mortality and @entity5 . From the pathophysiological point of view this is based on @entity6 of the media in resistance vessels, on @entity2 , on a reduced coronary flow reserve and on the occurrence of @entity1 (Figure 1). The diastolic and (later) systolic function of the heart are disturbed (Figures 2 to 4). Antihypertensive therapy with beta blockers and diuretics leads to a reduction of left ventricular mass by 5-8%, with ACE-inhibitors and AT-blockers by 13% (Figure 5). Particularly ACE-inhibitors can effectively reverse of the above mentioned pathological processes. Regression of @entity6 goes along with an improved prognosis and a reduction of @entity5 (Figure 6). A symptomatic treatment of @entity5 should always be accompanied by medical therapy aimed at regression of @entity6 . Optimal therapy results in normalizes of blood pressure, leads to a regression of @entity6 and induces @entity4 , which in turn improve left ventricular function, reduces microvascular @entity1 stress and @entity5 . These therapeutic desiderates are also pertinent for @entity3 in the prehypertrophic state, as in juvenile @entity3 .

title: [Regression of @entity7 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF therapies have revolutionized the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory conditions. Paradoxical treatment with these agents is associated with the development of de novo @entity4 . Less well recognized is the provocation of de novo @entity8 by these agents. Etanercept is not effective for the treatment of @entity1 and may be more often reported with the development of @entity2 or @entity3 . AIM: This study assessed the association of new onset @entity8 in @entity0 with receiving etanercept. METHODS: The Brigham and @entity0 's (BWH) @entity0 database and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System were searched for cases of @entity8 reported with etanercept. RESULTS: A total of 443 cases were identified: 5 pts at BWH (3 @entity5 , 2 UC) and 438 (294 @entity5 , 144 UC) reported to the FDA. Data which were most complete were pooled from 49 @entity0 . NSAID use was reported in 43  % and combination with @entity6 in 29  %. Etanercept was discontinued in 34 pts and 19 required treatment with a different anti-TNF agent. Eight @entity0 had resolution of GI symptoms on discontinuation of etanercept. Therapy was continued in three @entity0 in response to @entity7 therapy. CONCLUSION: Development of @entity8 should be suspected in @entity0 receiving etanercept who develop GI symptoms. This phenomenon appears more commonly associated with initiation of @entity5 . The clinical phenotype appears indistinguishable from usual patterns of @entity8 . Unlike other autoimmune phenomenon associated with anti-TNF therapy, @entity8 often does not resolve when the agent is discontinued. This tentative association requires further investigation.

title: @entity1 Provoked by Etanercept: Report of 443 Possible Cases Combined from an XXXX Referral Center and the FDA.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF therapies have revolutionized the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory conditions. Paradoxical treatment with these agents is associated with the development of de novo @entity4 . Less well recognized is the provocation of de novo @entity8 by these agents. Etanercept is not effective for the treatment of @entity1 and may be more often reported with the development of @entity2 or @entity3 . AIM: This study assessed the association of new onset @entity8 in @entity0 with receiving etanercept. METHODS: The Brigham and @entity0 's (BWH) @entity0 database and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System were searched for cases of @entity8 reported with etanercept. RESULTS: A total of 443 cases were identified: 5 pts at BWH (3 @entity5 , 2 UC) and 438 (294 @entity5 , 144 UC) reported to the FDA. Data which were most complete were pooled from 49 @entity0 . NSAID use was reported in 43  % and combination with @entity6 in 29  %. Etanercept was discontinued in 34 pts and 19 required treatment with a different anti-TNF agent. Eight @entity0 had resolution of GI symptoms on discontinuation of etanercept. Therapy was continued in three @entity0 in response to @entity7 therapy. CONCLUSION: Development of @entity8 should be suspected in @entity0 receiving etanercept who develop GI symptoms. This phenomenon appears more commonly associated with initiation of @entity5 . The clinical phenotype appears indistinguishable from usual patterns of @entity8 . Unlike other autoimmune phenomenon associated with anti-TNF therapy, @entity8 often does not resolve when the agent is discontinued. This tentative association requires further investigation.

title: XXXX Provoked by Etanercept: Report of 443 Possible Cases Combined from an @entity8 Referral Center and the FDA.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Surgical management of @entity2 limited to the attic and/or mesotympanum remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomical and the functional results of trans-canal atticotomy in this pathological condition. The records of 27 adult @entity0 treated from 2008 to 2014 who underwent trans-canal atticotomy for primary @entity2 surgery were reviewed. Pre-operative physical examination, audiometry, and CT-scan have been analyzed. Intraoperative findings have been described as well as the surgical technique. Anatomical and functional results have been evaluated with a mean follow-up of 24      12.2  months, and the results of a CT-scan performed 1  year after surgery were examined to assess the presence of @entity1 . Surgeries were uneventful. During the follow-up, 1 @entity0 (4  %) experienced a retraction of the attical reconstruction; all the other @entity0 had a well-healed tympanic drum with stable attical reconstruction. The mean air-bone gap was 19      12.2 and 10      7.3  dB pre-operatively and post-operatively, respectively (mean      SD, p  =  0.001, paired t test). Twenty-two @entity0 (81  %) had no opacity suggesting residual @entity2 in CT-scan. Four @entity0 (15  %) presenting an opacity at CT-scan underwent MRI study that was negative for residual @entity2 . One @entity0 (4  %) had displacement of the ossicular prosthesis. In conclusion, @entity2 restricted to the attic and/or mesotympanum can be removed in a one-stage technique with no visible residual at 1  year, and with closure of the air-bone gap by 50  %.

title: Management of epi- and mesotympanic XXXX by one-stage trans-canal atticotomy in adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are a hippocampal population activity that has been linked to neuronal representations. We show that @entity2 in the @entity1 region of @entity0 hippocampal slices can be triggered by firing of single pyramidal cells. Single action potentials in about a third of pyramidal cells initiated @entity2 at latencies of 2-5  ms with probabilities of 0.07-0.76. Initiating pyramidal cells evoked field IPSPs (fIPSPs) at similar latencies when @entity2 were not initiated. Similar spatial profiles for fIPSPs and middle components of @entity2 , suggested SPW fields reflect repeated fIPSPs. Multiple extracellular records showed initiated @entity2 tended to start near the stimulated pyramidal cell, while spontaneous @entity2 could emerge at multiple sites. Single pyramidal cells could initiate 2-6 field IPSPs with distinct amplitude distributions, and typically preceeded by a short-duration, extracellular action potential. Comparison of these initiated fields with spontaneously occurring inhibitory field motifs let us identify firing in different interneurones during the spread of @entity2 . Propagation away from an initiating pyramidal cell was typically associated with the recruitment of interneurones and field IPSPs that were not activated by the stimulated pyramidal cell. SPW fields initiated by single cells were less variable than spontaneous events, suggesting more stereotyped neuronal ensembles were activated, but neither the spatial profile of fields nor the identities of interneurone firing were identical for initiated events. Single pyramidal cell effects on network events are thus mediated by differing sequences of interneurone firing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Single XXXX pyramidal cells trigger sharp waves in vitro by exciting interneurones.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is the reference rewarming technique of accidental deep hypothermic @entity3 (DHCA). This study was designed to examine the impact of different rewarming blood flow rates and temperature setting of ECLS on @entity1 after DHCA in a porcine model of @entity5 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity4 were cannulated for ECLS, cooled until DHCA occurred and subjected to 30 min of @entity3 . During the rewarming phase, we compared a low blood flow rate of 1.5 L/min versus a high flow rate of 3.0 L/min as well as two temperature setting rewarming strategies: a temperature during ECLS adjusted to 5  C above the central core temperature versus 38  C maintained throughout the rewarming phase. Cardiac output, hemodynamics and pulmonary function parameters were evaluated. Biological markers of @entity0 /reperfusion injuries were analyzed at baseline and at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: DHCA occurred at 21.2  2  C. There was a trend for better cardiac output in groups with high blood flow (p=0.053), with no interaction between ECLS flow and temperature (p=0.63), a trend toward lower pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (0.075) and a significant decrease in arterial PVR in groups with high blood flow (p=0.013) with no interaction (p=0.47 and 0.60 for PVR and arterial PVR, respectively). Serum @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity8 and neuron-specific enolase were significantly increased between baseline and endpoint. The increase in the serum @entity8 concentration was higher in the 38  C rewarming temperature groups compared to 5  C above adjusted temperature. There were no other significant differences in biomarkers. CONCLUSION: We developed a porcine model of DHCA treated by ECLS. Our data suggest that cardiac output tended to improve with a high-flow-rate rewarming strategy while a high temperature delta between core temperature and ECLS increased the @entity8 markers of @entity2 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX treated by extracorporeal life support in a porcine model: does the rewarming method matter?

answer: @entity3


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: @entity1 is the most common @entity0 identified in neonatal foals, but its clinical course has been rarely characterised. OBJECTIVE: To describe factors associated with non-survival in a population of foals diagnosed with @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional clinical study. METHODS: Cases were selected from @entity6 neonatal ( <=14 days of age) admissions between 1996 and 2007. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify clinical parameters, laboratory variables and therapeutic interventions associated with non-survival. RESULTS: A total of 94 foals were included in the study. Median age at admission was 12 h (range 0 to 96 h). The most frequently identified clinical signs included abnormal udder seeking (59%), abnormal suckle (55%), inability to stand (42%), @entity2 (37%), abnormal consciousness (34%), and @entity3 activity (22%). Overall, 75 (79.8%) foals survived to be discharged from the hospital and 19 foals died or were euthanised. Variables significantly associated with non-survival in the multivariable model were serum total @entity4 concentration, serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), recumbency, number of concurrent diseases, and use of vasopressors/inotropes. The model correctly classified 92.0% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival was good and similar to prior reports. Vasopressors/inotropes were the only therapeutic intervention associated with non-survival, suggesting that persistent @entity5 is associated with non-survival in the current population. Foals with concurrent disease, high total @entity4 and low ALP at admission, and that were recumbent or required treatment with vasopressors/inotropes during hospitalisation were significantly less likely to survive.     This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Factors associated with outcome in 94 hospitalised foals diagnosed with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: There is a paucity of published literature on the length of hospital stays (LOS) for @entity0 who leave @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and on the factors that predict their LOS. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between race and the LOS for @entity1 @entity0 after adjusting for @entity0 and hospital characteristics. National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) data were used to describe LOS for @entity1 @entity0 aged 18 years or older. @entity0 characteristics included age, sex, race, marital status, insurance, and diagnosis (ICD-9-CM). Hospital characteristics consisted of ownership, region and bed size. LOS was the major outcome measure. Using data from all years 1988-2006, the expected time to @entity1 discharge was first examined as a function of race, then adjusting for year terms, @entity0 and hospital characteristics, and major medical diagnoses and @entity2 . The unadjusted effect of race on the expected time of leaving @entity1 was about twice the adjusted effect. After controlling for the other covariates, the expected time to @entity1 discharge is 20% shorter for Blacks than Whites. The most significant predictors included age, insurance coverage, @entity2 , gender, and region. Factors identified in this study offer insights into directions for evidence based- health policy to reduce @entity1 discharges.

title: Racial Differences in Length of Stay for XXXX Who Leave Against Medical Advice from U.S. General Hospitals.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Erosive lichen planus affecting the vulva (ELPV) is a relatively rare, chronic condition causing @entity1 raw areas in the vulvovaginal region. Symptoms are @entity1 and burning, which impact upon daily living. There is paucity of evidence regarding therapy. A 2012 Cochrane systematic review found no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in this field. Topically administered @entity2 are the accepted first-line therapy: however, there is uncertainty as to which second-line treatments to use. Several systemic agents have been clinically noted to show promise for ELPV refractory to topically administered corticosteroids but there is no RCT evidence to support these. The ' @entity9 ' study is a RCT with an internal pilot phase designed to provide high-quality evidence. METHODS/DESIGN: The objective is to test whether systemic therapy in addition to standard topical therapy is a beneficial second-line treatment for ELPV. Adjunctive systemic therapies used are @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 and @entity5 . Topical therapy plus a short course of @entity5 given orally is considered the comparator intervention. The trial is a four-armed, open-label, pragmatic RCT which uses a blinded independent clinical assessor. To provide 80  % power for each comparison, 96 @entity0 are required in total. The pilot phase aims to recruit 40 @entity0 . The primary clinical outcome is the proportion of @entity0 achieving treatment success at 6  months. 'Success' is defined by a composite measure of @entity0 Global Assessment score of 0 or 1 on a 4-point scale plus improvement from baseline on clinical photographs scored by a clinician blinded to treatment allocation. Secondary clinical outcomes include 6-month assessment of: (1) Reduction in @entity1 /soreness; (2) Global assessment of disease; (3) Response at other affected mucosal sites; (4) Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale scores; (5) Sexual function; (6) Health-related quality of life using 'Short Form 36' and 'Skindex-29' questionnaires; (7) Days of topical @entity4 use; (8) Treatment satisfaction; (9) Discontinuation of medications due to treatment failure; (10) Per @entity0 cost of intervention in each treatment group. Adverse events will also be reported. DISCUSSION: ' @entity9 is the first RCT to address second-line treatment of ELPV. The trial has encountered unique methodological challenges and has required collaborative efforts of the UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network alongside expert clinicians. TRIAL REGISTRATION:                 <AbstractText Label="CURRENT CONTROLLED TRIALS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">ISRCTN 81883379 . Date of registration 12 June 2014.

title: Systemic therapy for vulval Erosive Lichen Planus (the ' XXXX ' trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The purpose of the study was to analyse the urographic features of @entity1 and to see the theurapeutic implications of "drooping kidney" appearance for the urologists. Over a period of one year, 1636 @entity0 undergoing intravenous urography (IVU) were analysed to look for urographic features of @entity1 . A total of 136 @entity0 revealed the classical urographic feature such as ureteric strictures, vesical and ureteric calcification and calculi etc. 131 of these @entity0 were of Egyptian origin. In addition to above mentioned classical features, 8 @entity0 (6%) with @entity2 revealed "drooping kidney" appearance. In the remaining @entity0 with no evidence of clinical or urographic features of @entity2 , only one @entity0 (0.07%) showed similar bilateral appearance. Renogram in 6 to 8 @entity0 with "drooping kidney" revealed poorer renal function on the affected side. Ureteroscopy (URS) revealed more florid ureteritis cystica on the side with "drooping kidney" in 6 out of 8 @entity0 compared with the normal side. URS also confirmed the presence of a kink and more difficulty with insertion of J stents. "Drooping kidney" a new urographic feature of @entity2 may have theurapeutic implications for the urologists and should be looked for on the I.V.U. of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: XXXX : urographic features and significance of drooping kidney appearance.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Repeat breeders cause great economic loss in dairy herds. This study determined the efficacy of simple aquapuncture therapy (acupuncture combined with injection) to treat repeat breeders in two dairy herds (one in Hsinchu County and the other in Tainan County). Both herds had used @entity3 ( @entity3 ) beforehand to treat the symptom but the success rate was poor--about 30%. Therefore, @entity0 that failed to respond to @entity3 were given the aquapuncture treatment. A total of 18 animals (two heifers and 16 @entity0 ) that had failed to conceive to 3-9 services were treated by aquapuncture, in which 10 ml and 5 ml of 50% @entity2 solution were injected at Baihui (Hundred Meetings, the @entity1 in the center of the lumbosacral space) and Shenpeng (Kidney Shelf, the @entity1 in the space between the lumbar vertebral transverse processes 5-6) acupoints, respectively with a 21G, 1.5-inch hypodermic needle. Both acupoints belong to the traditional acupuncture points of @entity0 and @entity5 systems. Most animals showed heat within 14 days after aquapuncture and were inseminated artificially. Serum @entity4 concentrations and rectal palpation were used for pregnancy diagnosis. The pregnancy rate after the treatment was 14/18 (77.7%) and 12/18 (66.6%) based on @entity4 concentration and rectal palpation respectively, suggesting acupuncture as a simple and effective method to treat repeat breeders in dairy herds. However, the final result obtained from actual delivery of fetus in the experimental animals was only 8/18 (44.4%).

title: Aquapuncture therapy of repeat breeding in dairy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In light of evidence that hydrosalpinges compromise the chance of success of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), the aim of this study was to analyse the results of @entity1 treatment at our clinic in relation to the cause for @entity3 and to make inferences concerning the impact of mild @entity2 on @entity1 outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary fertility clinic in New Zealand. POPULATION: Nine hundred and six consecutive cycles among 639 couples receiving @entity1 treatment in the six-year period 1995-2000 inclusive. METHODS: Data extraction from the clinic database. RESULTS: The clinical pregnancy rate of 17.5% per ovarian stimulation cycle and 23.9% per embryo transfer for the cycles of couples with @entity2 as the only cause for @entity3 was not significantly different from the clinical pregnancy rate of 15.4% per ovarian stimulation cycle and 24.1% per embryo transfer for all other couples undergoing @entity1 . In the cycles of @entity0 with @entity2 , the clinical pregnancy rate of 6.6% per ovarian stimulation cycle where other causes for @entity3 were also present, was significantly lower than the clinical pregnancy rate of 17.5% where tubal factor alone was present. In the cycles of couples with multiple causes for @entity3 , where the overall pregnancy rate was 10.9% per ovarian stimulation cycle, there was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between those whose multiple causes included @entity2 (6.6% per ovarian stimulation cycle) and those whose multiple causes did not include @entity2 (17.5% per ovarian stimulation cycle). CONCLUSION: The overall population of @entity0 with @entity2 as the sole cause for @entity3 (including @entity0 with hydrosalpinges and those with @entity2 ) does not have an overall reduced likelihood of success at @entity1 . This suggests that @entity2 does not compromise the chance of success from @entity1 . Surgical treatment prior to @entity1 for the milder forms of @entity2 is not warranted.

title: XXXX and tubal pathology--not all bad news.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of the standard @entity3 adhesion molecule expression in predicting progression of high risk superficial @entity2 in the short term. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity0 (51 males and 15 females, aged 27 to 89 years (mean 64.75 years) with primary superficial transitional cell @entity2 initially treated with transurethral resection (TURBT) were enrolled in the study. Only pTa/pT1 grade 2 @entity1 as well as all grade 3 @entity1 were included in this study. All @entity1 samples obtained after the resection were immunohistochemically evaluated for the expression of the @entity3 standard molecule. Fifty eight @entity0 remained during the follow up period which ranged from 3 to 36 months (mean 11.8 months). @entity1 progression in the short term was considered as the critical end point of interest in this study. The prognostic significance of @entity1 stage, grade, presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and expression of @entity3 in determining the risk for progression, was studied with both univariate (log rank test) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards) methods of analysis. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that a shorter median progression-free survival is expected for those @entity0 with G3 @entity2 (p = 0.0055), concomitant @entity4 (p = 0.0051), and loss of expression of @entity3 (p = 0.0015), whereas a similar association with stage was not detected (p = 0.5793). The cox regression multivariate analysis did not yield a significant result for any of the studied parameters therefore no one of the factors taken into account can serve as an independent predictor of progression in superficial @entity2 in the short term. CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemically detectable loss of the expression of @entity3 standard form from superficial @entity2 samples may be, complementary to the established prognostic factors, a useful predictor of @entity1 progression in the short term.

title: XXXX standard form expression as a predictor of progression in high risk superficial @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of the standard @entity3 adhesion molecule expression in predicting progression of high risk superficial @entity2 in the short term. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity0 (51 males and 15 females, aged 27 to 89 years (mean 64.75 years) with primary superficial transitional cell @entity2 initially treated with transurethral resection (TURBT) were enrolled in the study. Only pTa/pT1 grade 2 @entity1 as well as all grade 3 @entity1 were included in this study. All @entity1 samples obtained after the resection were immunohistochemically evaluated for the expression of the @entity3 standard molecule. Fifty eight @entity0 remained during the follow up period which ranged from 3 to 36 months (mean 11.8 months). @entity1 progression in the short term was considered as the critical end point of interest in this study. The prognostic significance of @entity1 stage, grade, presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and expression of @entity3 in determining the risk for progression, was studied with both univariate (log rank test) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards) methods of analysis. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that a shorter median progression-free survival is expected for those @entity0 with G3 @entity2 (p = 0.0055), concomitant @entity4 (p = 0.0051), and loss of expression of @entity3 (p = 0.0015), whereas a similar association with stage was not detected (p = 0.5793). The cox regression multivariate analysis did not yield a significant result for any of the studied parameters therefore no one of the factors taken into account can serve as an independent predictor of progression in superficial @entity2 in the short term. CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemically detectable loss of the expression of @entity3 standard form from superficial @entity2 samples may be, complementary to the established prognostic factors, a useful predictor of @entity1 progression in the short term.

title: @entity3 standard form expression as a predictor of progression in high risk superficial XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 are a heterogeneous group of extremely rare diseases characterized by a reduced number of blood platelets and by bleeding tendency of variable severity. Some of these diseases are exclusive to platelets, while in others the pathology extends to other cell types. Although rare, @entity2 should be considered in the diagnosis. @entity2 have been classified into three groups depending on platelet volume. @entity2 with giant platelets form one of these groups. About fourteen clinical entities of @entity1 have been described. @entity4 , grey @entity3 and @entity5 are the most @entity6 . @entity5 is condition characterized by the triad of @entity2 , giant platelets, and pale-blue inclusions in leukocytes. @entity5 has an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance. We described clinical and laboratory features of three adult @entity0 from one family with recently diagnosed @entity5 . Described cases are probably the first observed cases of @entity5 in the Czech lands.

title: [ XXXX . Differential diagnosis of a case].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the Health Behaviour in School-Aged @entity0 (HBSC) survey, the frequency of consumption of a limited number of food items--focusing on fibre, @entity1 and less healthy items--is queried using a 15-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The present study was conducted to assess the reliability and relative validity of the HBSC FFQ among school pupils in Belgium. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: To assess the reliability of the FFQ, 207 pupils aged 11-12 years and 560 pupils aged 13-14 years completed the questionnaire twice, with a test-retest interval of 6 to 15 days. To assess the relative validity of the FFQ, in a first study data were collected as part of the Flemish HBSC 2000 survey: 7072 pupils (11-18 years) completed the FFQ and a 24-hour food behaviour checklist (FBC). In a second study, 101 pupils (11-12 years) completed the FFQ and a 7-day @entity2 ( @entity2 ). RESULTS: Reliability--weighted kappa values between test and retest ranged from 0.43 to 0.70, percentage agreement from 37 to 87%, and Spearman correlations from 0.52 to 0.82. Relative validity--comparison of the FBC with the percentage of respondents who should have consumed the food items on a random day, computed from the FFQ, showed good agreement between the FFQ and the FBC for most items. Only for cereals, diet soft drinks and other milk products were considerably higher food frequencies than expected found from the FBC. Comparison of the FFQ with the @entity2 showed overestimation for all but three food items (cheese, soft drinks and chips). Spearman correlations ranged between 0.10 for crisps and 0.65 for semi-skimmed milk. CONCLUSION: The HBSC FFQ is a reliable questionnaire that can be used for ranking subjects for most food items, although one must consider the overestimation when the FFQ is used for estimating prevalences.

title: A Belgian study on the reliability and relative validity of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged XXXX food-frequency questionnaire.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify food sources of fat, to compare food and nutrient intakes at different levels of relative fat intake, and to examine the contribution of different food groups to the variation in relative fat intake. Relative fat intake was expressed as energy contributed by fat in percentage of non- @entity4 energy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Malm   Diet and @entity1 STUDY: An interview-based diet history method, a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to obtain data. Analysis of variance compared food and nutrient intakes across quintiles of relative fat intake. Stepwise regression examined the contribution of food groups to the variation in relative fat intake. SETTING: Baseline examinations were conducted between 1991 and 1996 in the city of Malm  , southern Sweden. SUBJECTS: A sub-sample of 7055 @entity0 and 3240 @entity0 of the Malm   Diet and @entity1 cohort. RESULTS: The major fat sources were dairy products, margarines, meat _ meat products, and cakes _ buns. Most plant foods, especially fruit, vegetables and breakfast cereals, were negatively associated with fat intake. Low fat consumers had significantly higher intakes of dietary fibre, @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 . Intakes of all types of @entity9 and fat-soluble vitamins were positively associated with fat consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that many food groups and nutrients may confound the associations between relative fat @entity2 . Plant foods, especially, are important to consider in studies of fat @entity2 risk.

title: Dietary fat intake--food sources and dietary correlates in the Malm   Diet and XXXX cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Metals are major pollutants not only in occupational settings but also in the general environment. Chronic exposure of workers has been related to severe damage, especially at the renal level. While toxic compounds such as metals are well known to severely impair tubular functions, it is clear that nephrotoxicants can act on various other renal targets, i.e., vascular and glomerular ones. In vitro models are available to assess these @entity2 and can be used to better understand the different cell targets. This paper summarizes data obtained in our laboratory after exposure of isolated renal structures such as glomeruli, and cell cultures such as glomerular mesangial and tubular epithelial cells, to @entity4 and @entity3 . Morphometric studies by image analysis of isolated glomeruli and mesangial cultured cells showed that @entity4 and @entity3 induced a dose- and time-dependent glomerular contraction accompanied by disorganization of the cytoskeleton. Classical viability tests demonstrated various factors influencing the metal @entity2 . The important roles of pH, extracellular protein concentrations and the nature of the anion accompanying the metal were demonstrated. These data obtained in in vitro models provide better understanding of the @entity2 after metal uptake and accumulation in glomerular and tubular cells. Moreover, the @entity1 they induce may be correlated with severe renal hemodynamic changes in vivo. Finally, we briefly present eventual improvements for in vitro renal models by the use of new cell models such as immortalized @entity0 cell lines or by the introduction of porous supports and perifusion devices.

title: Effects of @entity4 and XXXX on some in vitro renal targets.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Metals are major pollutants not only in occupational settings but also in the general environment. Chronic exposure of workers has been related to severe damage, especially at the renal level. While toxic compounds such as metals are well known to severely impair tubular functions, it is clear that nephrotoxicants can act on various other renal targets, i.e., vascular and glomerular ones. In vitro models are available to assess these @entity2 and can be used to better understand the different cell targets. This paper summarizes data obtained in our laboratory after exposure of isolated renal structures such as glomeruli, and cell cultures such as glomerular mesangial and tubular epithelial cells, to @entity4 and @entity3 . Morphometric studies by image analysis of isolated glomeruli and mesangial cultured cells showed that @entity4 and @entity3 induced a dose- and time-dependent glomerular contraction accompanied by disorganization of the cytoskeleton. Classical viability tests demonstrated various factors influencing the metal @entity2 . The important roles of pH, extracellular protein concentrations and the nature of the anion accompanying the metal were demonstrated. These data obtained in in vitro models provide better understanding of the @entity2 after metal uptake and accumulation in glomerular and tubular cells. Moreover, the @entity1 they induce may be correlated with severe renal hemodynamic changes in vivo. Finally, we briefly present eventual improvements for in vitro renal models by the use of new cell models such as immortalized @entity0 cell lines or by the introduction of porous supports and perifusion devices.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity3 on some in vitro renal targets.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This paper is the fourth in a series dealing with reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C and the certification of reference preparations. Other parts deal with: Part 1. The Concept of Reference Procedures for the Measurement of Catalytic Activity Concentrations of Enzymes; Part 2. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of @entity1 Kinase; Part 3. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Lactate Dehydrogenase; @entity2 . Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Aspartate Aminotransferase; @entity3 . Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase; @entity4 . Certification of Four Reference Materials for the Determination of Enzymatic Activity of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, @entity0 Aminotransferase and @entity1 Kinase at 37 degrees C. A document describing the determination of preliminary upper reference limits is also in preparation. The procedure described here is deduced from the previously described 30 degrees C IFCC reference method. Differences are tabulated and commented on in Appendix 2.

title: IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Part 4. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of XXXX aminotransferase.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Submandibular secretory responses to electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic innervation at variable frequencies were measured in anaesthetized @entity0 . Selective blockade by @entity2 and by @entity3 occurred at doses (50 and of 300 nmol kg (-1), i.v., respectively) that did not inhibit the responses to exogenous @entity1 . In the presence of @entity3 , the nerve-evoked fluid responses were increased by 100% at 1 Hz independently of the total number of impulses (10-300), suggesting that M2 receptor activation inhibits transmitter release. The magnitude of the increase was inversely related to frequency of stimulation. The protein concentrations in the fluid responses were not significantly affected by @entity3 . @entity2 had an inhibitory effect on the fluid secretory responses, which was dependent of frequency, as well as of number of impulses, suggesting that M1 receptor activation facilitates transmitter release. At 10 Hz given intermittently (for 1 s at 10-s intervals), @entity2 reduced the fluid response by 25%. The protein release was substantially and significantly reduced by @entity2 independent of frequency but only during long periods of stimulation (300 impulses). It is concluded that muscarinic M1 receptor activation normally has a facilitatory effect on transmitter release, and that the facilitation occurs during short, intense stimulation. Muscarinic M1 receptors are, however, likely to regulate protein secretion by other mechanisms. Muscarinic M2 receptors, on the other hand, normally inhibit cholinergic transmission at low frequencies. Similar to findings in the alimentary tract of several species, stimulation in bursts at high frequencies is a more efficient stimulation pattern than continuous low frequency stimulation. This pattern of stimulation thus takes advantage of transient facilitation and avoids the inhibition at less intense neuronal activity.

title: Presynaptic muscarinic receptor mechanisms and submandibular responses to stimulation of the parasympathetic innervation in bursts in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To correlate the position and orientation of different models of MLCu IUDs in utero with incidence of side effects, 35 married, nonlactating, and sexually active @entity0 , 18-24 years of age and with regular menstrual periods were studied. All had been pregnant at least once and had had at least 3 menstrual periods after the last delivery or 2 periods after the last abortion. A physical and gynecological examination was performed. The @entity0 were divided into 4 groups: 30 @entity0 (3 groups of 10 @entity0 ) were fitted with standard MLCu 250, short MLCu 250, and MLCu 375 IUDs. The 4th group consisted of 5 @entity0 in whom MLCu 250 mini was inserted. Menstrual @entity2 collected in @entity7 pads of constant weight provided by the investigator. The @entity0 were carefully instructed on how to collect their menstrual blood, and @entity3 bags were supplied to them. Menstrual @entity2 was calculated. Follow-up visits were planned at monthly intervals, and questions about side effects were asked. In 30 @entity0 hysterography was done twice. Initially, it was performed following the 1st postinsertion menstruation. A 2nd hysterogram was performed following the 3rd postinsertion menstruation. The IUD was properly oriented in utero in 20 cases (67%). These were fitted with short MLCu 250 (8 cases), MLCu 375 (6 cases), Standard MLCu 250 (4 cases), and mini MLCu 250 (2 cases). The other 2 @entity0 had small uterine cavities fitted with mini devices. Device displacement was noted in 10 cases among those fitted with MLCu 250, Standard (2 cases), MLCu 250 mini (3 cases), MLCu 375 (2 cases). Subjective increased menstrual @entity2 was reported in 11 cases. There was no significant difference between pre- and postinsertion menstrual @entity2 . @entity5 was reported in 3 cases, 1 fitted with a short MLCu 250 and 2 cases fitted with MLCu 375. Hysterographically the device was properly oriented in 2 cases with a large uterus. 5 cases had a moderate degree of @entity4 , 1 case fitted with short MLCu 250, 3 cases with standard MLCu 250, and 1 case with MLCu 375. Hysterographically the device was displaced in utero in 2 cases, and most of the cases had a large size uterus. All these @entity0 experienced no @entity4 prior to IUD insertion. Moderate deep seated @entity6 and low abdominal cramps were experienced in 3 cases, a case in each group of those fitted with different models of MLCu 250. @entity1 was not reported in @entity0 fitted with MLCu 375.

title: Hysterographic orientation of IUDs in relation to menstrual XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify any changes in Doppler parameters in the thyroid arteries of pediatric @entity0 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity3 living in an area where @entity3 is endemic. @entity0 AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 pediatric @entity0 with simple @entity2 and 20 age-matched healthy subjects underwent sonographic examination. The resistance index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) on duplex sonography were measured from the inferior thyroid arteries, and the thyroid gland volume was recorded. Serum thyrotropin, free T3 hormone, and free T4 hormone levels were measured in both groups. RESULTS: The mean thyroid volume (+/- standard deviation) was significantly higher in the @entity0 than in the healthy subjects (7.2 +/- 1.4 ml versus 3.2 +/- 1.1 ml; p < 0.01). The mean RI values for the thyroid arteries were significantly lower in the @entity0 than in the control group (0.58 versus 0.70, respectively; p < 0.05). The mean PSV of the thyroid arteries was significantly higher for the @entity0 than for the healthy subjects (mean, 36.7 cm/second versus 18.3 cm/second, respectively; p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the Doppler parameters and any of the hormone levels evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: In the arteries supplying the thyroid gland in a pediatric population, RIs were lower and PSVs higher in the @entity0 with @entity3 than in the healthy control group. We discuss @entity1 deficiency as a possible mechanism for these changes.

title: Doppler evaluation of the thyroid in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathology of @entity3 in oral and maxillofacial region. METHODS: Clinical, histopathological features of 61 cases of @entity3 in oral and maxillofacial region were studied. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female was 1.26:1, with the mean age 39.8. 32.8% cases were occurred in maxilla and 57.4% cases in mandible. Histologically 55.7% were osteoblastic, 16.4% were chondroblastic and 21.3% were fibroblastic. All @entity2 presented common histological feature that the neoplastic cells produced neoplastic bone. The recurrence rate of the @entity2 was 39.1% and the @entity1 rate to lung was 8.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Oral and maxillofacial @entity3 was most frequently occurred in mandible. There was no significant difference in @entity0 's gender. @entity0 were about 10 years older than those suffered the @entity2 in long bone. Osteoblastic type was the most commonly occurred histological type. The recurrence rate of the @entity2 was relatively high and the @entity1 rate to lung was low. It seems that the @entity2 had good prognosis than @entity3 of long bone.

title: [ XXXX of maxillofacial area: a clinicopathological study of 61 cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine if better results could be achieved by comparing the results of a thoracic sympathetic ramicotomy (division of rami communicantes) with a conventional thoracic sympathicotomy (division of sympathetic trunk) for treating essential @entity2 . From August 2001 to February 2002, 29 consecutive @entity0 underwent surgery of the sympathetic nerves in order to treat severe essential @entity2 . Of these @entity0 , a ramicotomy was performed under VATS (VATS-R) in 13 @entity0 , sympathicotomy under VATS (VATS-S) in 13, a unilateral ramicotomy and contralateral sympathicotomy under VATS (VATS-RS) in 2 and a sympathicotomy via a thoracotomy (T-S) in 1. There was no significant difference between the VATS ramicotomy group (VATS-R, n=13) and VATS sympathicotomy group (VATS-S, n=13) in terms of gender, @entity1 or comorbidities. However, the age of the VATS-S group at surgery was higher than that of the VATS-R group (p=0.050). The operation times, and hospital stays of the groups were 51.5 and 41.9 minutes, and 2.0 and 2.3 days, respectively. The recurrence rate of the operated sites according to the surgical methods (ramicotomy and sympathicotomy regardless of VATS) was 21.4% (6/28) in the ramicotomy group and 6.7% (2/30) in the sympathicotomy group, but there was no statistical significance (p=0.101). This study compared the dryness of the enervated sites and the severity of @entity3 among the ramicotomy (n=11, excluded 2 re-operated cases from 13 VATS-R), sympathicotomy (n=14, VATS-S 13 and T-S 1) and the synchronous or metachronous ramicotomy/sympathicotomy groups (n=4, included 2 reoperated cases of VATS-R). The sympathicotomy group had an over-dryness of the enervated sites (dryness 1.4, from 1 to 3; 1:over-dried, 2:humid, 3:persistent sweating) and complained of severe @entity3 (severity 3.5, from 1 to 4; 1:absent, 2:mild, 3:embarrassing, 4:disabling). However, the @entity0 whounderwent a ramicotomy maintained some humidity of the enervated sites (dryness 2.0, p=0.012) and showed milder @entity3 (severity 2.7, p=0.056) than those in the sympathicotomy group. Furthermore, the dryness of the ramicotomy side was different from that of the sympathicotomy side in 3 out of 4 ramicotomy / sympathicotomy (R+S) @entity0 (the side of the ramicotomy was humid and that of the sympathicotomy was over-dried). The average dryness and the @entity3 at these sites were in the midst of the two groups (dryness and severity 1.6 and 3.0, respectively). A ramicotomy can prevent over-dryness of the enervated area and decrease the severity of @entity3 through the selective division of the rami communicantes of the thoracic sympathetic ganglia. Postoperatively, almost all ramicotomy @entity0 had no functional problems in daily life or in their occupational activity, because they could maintain hand humidity. Moreover, they showed no more than a mild degree of @entity3 and reported high long-term satisfaction rates. Therefore, a sympathetic ramicotomy rather than a conventional sympathicotomy is recommended as a more selective and physiologic modality for treating essential @entity2 .

title: The comparison of VATS ramicotomy and VATS sympathicotomy for treating essential XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Local drug delivery by coronary stents is of current research interest. Organ culture of @entity0 vascular tissue is a model of intimal @entity3 . We report an ex vivo organ culture model of stented vessels. This allows stent-artery interactions to be studied in living tissue. The recognized anti-restenosis agent @entity2 was chosen to test the organ culture model. Mammary artery specimens were cultured 'closed' (i.e. without opening them flat) for 72 h. @entity4 -coated stents, half of them loaded with the anti-restenosis drug @entity2 , were implanted. The absorption and elution characteristics of @entity2 were established. Artery tissue remained viable at 72 h when cultured closed, despite stent implantation. Specimens developed smooth muscle cell proliferation. The stents absorbed up to 127+/-29 microg of @entity2 , with a biphasic elution curve. A mean of 13% of the absorbed @entity2 remained after a 24 h perfusion. In mammary artery, these @entity2 stents reduced or abolished smooth muscle cell proliferation compared with controls. This model allows the effects of stenting on @entity0 arterial tissue to be studied for at least 72 h, long enough to demonstrate effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation. @entity4 -coated stents absorb adequate doses of @entity2 , which is eluted gradually, inhibiting muscle cell proliferation. Such an organ culture model of stented mammary artery will provide useful data in addition to that from animal or cell culture models of @entity1 .

title: @entity0 internal mammary artery organ culture model of coronary stenting: a novel investigation of smooth muscle cell response to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Local drug delivery by coronary stents is of current research interest. Organ culture of @entity0 vascular tissue is a model of intimal @entity3 . We report an ex vivo organ culture model of stented vessels. This allows stent-artery interactions to be studied in living tissue. The recognized anti-restenosis agent @entity2 was chosen to test the organ culture model. Mammary artery specimens were cultured 'closed' (i.e. without opening them flat) for 72 h. @entity4 -coated stents, half of them loaded with the anti-restenosis drug @entity2 , were implanted. The absorption and elution characteristics of @entity2 were established. Artery tissue remained viable at 72 h when cultured closed, despite stent implantation. Specimens developed smooth muscle cell proliferation. The stents absorbed up to 127+/-29 microg of @entity2 , with a biphasic elution curve. A mean of 13% of the absorbed @entity2 remained after a 24 h perfusion. In mammary artery, these @entity2 stents reduced or abolished smooth muscle cell proliferation compared with controls. This model allows the effects of stenting on @entity0 arterial tissue to be studied for at least 72 h, long enough to demonstrate effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation. @entity4 -coated stents absorb adequate doses of @entity2 , which is eluted gradually, inhibiting muscle cell proliferation. Such an organ culture model of stented mammary artery will provide useful data in addition to that from animal or cell culture models of @entity1 .

title: XXXX internal mammary artery organ culture model of coronary stenting: a novel investigation of smooth muscle cell response to @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the features, diagnosis and treatment of limb @entity6 caused by traffic accidents. METHODS: A total of 43 @entity0 with limb @entity6 admitted in our department over the past 30 years (about 50% of them happened during the last 10 years) were analyzed retrospectively in this article. The popliteal, femoral and brachial arteries were mainly involved, accounting for 43.2%, 20.5% and 20.5% respectively of all the involvements. There were 35 cases of open injury and 9 of @entity2 . The involved vessels were transected in 43.2% of the cases and contused in 40.9%. All the @entity0 had various complications, such as @entity3 , @entity7 and severe soft tissue injuries. The injured vessels were repaired by means of end-to-end @entity4 in 10 cases, autogenous vein graft in 23 cases and intraluminal hydraulic dilatation in 4 cases. RESULTS: Successful limb salvage was achieved in 34 cases initially, whereas 10 amputations were carried out due to injuries to popliteal arteries in 7, femoral arteries in 2 and humeral artery in 1 and severe soft tissue damages in 9 cases. Twenty-nine @entity0 were followed up for 1-156 months, with the average of 48.8 months. There was good circulation in 22 cases and certain @entity1 in 5 cases. Two amputations were carried out in the late stage because of popliteal artery @entity5 after repair in 2 cases. There was no death in this series. CONCLUSIONS: The limb @entity6 caused by traffic accidents are severe and complicated. It is proposed that particular attentions should be paid to the features in diagnosis and treatment for this @entity2 and special efforts should be made for both life saving and limb salvage.

title: Treatment of limb XXXX caused by traffic accidents.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Overviews of randomized trials have shown a small survival advantage with post-surgery radiation in early @entity0 . The present study attempts to extend this observation through a systematic analysis of population data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data on 83,776 @entity1 with @entity0 diagnosed between 1988 and 1997, stage T1-T2, node negative or node positive. The analysis was performed using the proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Radiation was associated with a reduced mortality after breast-conserving surgery in node negative @entity1 (hazard ratio 0.757; 95% confidence interval 0.709-0.809; using total mastectomy without radiation as reference) and in node positive @entity1 (hazard ratio 0.777; 0.717-0.842), and after total mastectomy in node positive @entity1 (hazard ratio 0.885; 0.815-0.961). Radiation was associated with an increased hazard ratio of 1.271 (1.080-1.496) after total mastectomy in node negative @entity1 . Without radiation, breast-conserving surgery in node negative @entity1 was associated with an increased hazard ratio (1.167; 1.036-1.314); a similar increase was not observed in node positive @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.011; 0.884-1.155). In all cases, the best survival rates were found with combined breast-conserving surgery and radiation. CONCLUSION: The available data indicate that post-surgery radiation provides a survival advantage irrespective of the type of surgery in node positive @entity1 . Likewise, survival advantage was observed with post-surgery radiation and breast-conserving procedure in node negative @entity1 .

title: Post-surgery radiation in early XXXX : survival analysis of registry data.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 76 @entity0 were randomly selected to be fitted with U-Coil intrauterine device. The inert U-Coil device was inserted in 39 @entity0 and the @entity3 releasing U-coil device was inserted in 37 @entity0 . @entity0 fitted with both types of device were followed up for 12 postinserton months. The main side effects of the device were expulsion, removal for pelvic @entity1 and @entity2 and @entity4 . No expulsion in those @entity0 fitted with inert U-coil device was reported. Expulsion of the @entity3 U-coil device occurred in 3 @entity0 (8.1%). Removal for @entity2 and @entity1 in @entity0 fitted with inert U-coil was necessary in 2 @entity0 (5.1%). In @entity0 fitter with @entity3 U-coil, removal for @entity2 and @entity1 was necessary in 1 @entity0 (2.2%). @entity5 was reported in 10 @entity0 (25.6%) fitted with inert U-coil device, while it was reported in 1o @entity0 (35.1%) fitted with @entity3 U-coil device. @entity4 occurred in 29 @entity0 (74.4%) fitted with inert U-coil device compared to 19 @entity0 (59.5%) fitted with @entity3 U-coil device. All removals of inert U-coil device th removal for @entity2 and @entity1 was only 1 case with uterus in anteverted position and in 1 expulsion the uterus was in midosition.

title: Clinical evaluation of U-coil XXXX releasing device versus inert U-coil IUD.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have recently raised considerable interest in view of their key role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression. In proliferating cells, distinct CDKs associated with specific cyclins coordinate in an orchestrated way the appropriate transition between different phases of the cell cycle. Mutations and/or aberrant expression of distinct CDKs and their regulatory components lead to uncontrolled proliferation and finally to @entity3 . However, in post-mitotic neurons, all CDKs with the exception of @entity13 are silent. @entity13 , a @entity10 -directed @entity7 / @entity11 kinase exhibiting a close structural homology to the mitotic CDKs, binds to @entity14 , the neuron-specific regulatory subunit of @entity13 . @entity13 is very abundant in mature neurons and seems to regulate neurotransmitter release through phosphorylation and down-regulation of @entity5 channel activity. Therefore, the inhibition of CDKs in neurons after oxidative stress and in @entity4 has a protective action. Selective CDKs inhibitors were developed as promising drugs for @entity2 therapy due to their ability to arrest cell cycle progression. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-proliferative effect of @entity12 (ROSC), a potent CDKs inhibitor, with that of @entity9 (CP) on @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cells. ROSC exerted stronger inhibitory effect on proliferation and cell cycle progression of MCF-7 than CP. Accumulation of G(2)/M arrested cells starting 6 h after onset of ROSC treatment coincided with a strong up-regulation of the @entity8 . Reconstitution with @entity6 sensitized MCF-7 cells to CP action. It implicates that ROSC inhibits more selectively and efficaciously the proliferation of @entity1 @entity0 cells.

title: Dual action of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A comparison of the effects exerted by XXXX and @entity9 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have recently raised considerable interest in view of their key role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression. In proliferating cells, distinct CDKs associated with specific cyclins coordinate in an orchestrated way the appropriate transition between different phases of the cell cycle. Mutations and/or aberrant expression of distinct CDKs and their regulatory components lead to uncontrolled proliferation and finally to @entity3 . However, in post-mitotic neurons, all CDKs with the exception of @entity13 are silent. @entity13 , a @entity10 -directed @entity7 / @entity11 kinase exhibiting a close structural homology to the mitotic CDKs, binds to @entity14 , the neuron-specific regulatory subunit of @entity13 . @entity13 is very abundant in mature neurons and seems to regulate neurotransmitter release through phosphorylation and down-regulation of @entity5 channel activity. Therefore, the inhibition of CDKs in neurons after oxidative stress and in @entity4 has a protective action. Selective CDKs inhibitors were developed as promising drugs for @entity2 therapy due to their ability to arrest cell cycle progression. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-proliferative effect of @entity12 (ROSC), a potent CDKs inhibitor, with that of @entity9 (CP) on @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cells. ROSC exerted stronger inhibitory effect on proliferation and cell cycle progression of MCF-7 than CP. Accumulation of G(2)/M arrested cells starting 6 h after onset of ROSC treatment coincided with a strong up-regulation of the @entity8 . Reconstitution with @entity6 sensitized MCF-7 cells to CP action. It implicates that ROSC inhibits more selectively and efficaciously the proliferation of @entity1 @entity0 cells.

title: Dual action of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A comparison of the effects exerted by @entity12 and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of molding helmet therapy in the treatment of positional @entity1 and posterior positional @entity3 . Four hundred twenty-eight @entity0 with positional @entity1 or @entity3 were included in this study. In this group of @entity0 , 132 (32%) were treated with positioning alone. Of the 292 (68%) @entity0 who were treated with molding therapy, 64 (21.9%) were treated for positional @entity1 and 248 (78.1%) were treated for posterior positional @entity3 . All @entity0 were evaluated by a craniofacial surgeon and a pediatric neurosurgeon. Anthropomorphic measurements were used to assess the efficacy of treatment. Measurements were made before initiation of therapy and at 2-month intervals until the completion of therapy. Results showed that statistically significant improvements (P < 0.01) were seen in all @entity0 treated with molding helmet therapy. Overall, the @entity0 with posterior @entity3 normalized their head shapes; however, the head shapes of the @entity0 with positional @entity1 did not normalize despite statistically significant improvements in their Cephalic Index. It is concluded that molding helmet therapy is an effective treatment of position-induced @entity2 . Helmet therapy is more effective in @entity0 with posterior positional @entity3 than in @entity0 with positional @entity1 .

title: Molding helmet therapy in the treatment of @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of molding helmet therapy in the treatment of positional @entity1 and posterior positional @entity3 . Four hundred twenty-eight @entity0 with positional @entity1 or @entity3 were included in this study. In this group of @entity0 , 132 (32%) were treated with positioning alone. Of the 292 (68%) @entity0 who were treated with molding therapy, 64 (21.9%) were treated for positional @entity1 and 248 (78.1%) were treated for posterior positional @entity3 . All @entity0 were evaluated by a craniofacial surgeon and a pediatric neurosurgeon. Anthropomorphic measurements were used to assess the efficacy of treatment. Measurements were made before initiation of therapy and at 2-month intervals until the completion of therapy. Results showed that statistically significant improvements (P < 0.01) were seen in all @entity0 treated with molding helmet therapy. Overall, the @entity0 with posterior @entity3 normalized their head shapes; however, the head shapes of the @entity0 with positional @entity1 did not normalize despite statistically significant improvements in their Cephalic Index. It is concluded that molding helmet therapy is an effective treatment of position-induced @entity2 . Helmet therapy is more effective in @entity0 with posterior positional @entity3 than in @entity0 with positional @entity1 .

title: Molding helmet therapy in the treatment of XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the multi-drug efflux transport protein, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), on the ocular distribution of a model substrate, @entity5 . METHODS: Male New Zealand albino @entity0 (2-2.5 kg) were employed in these studies. Animals were kept under anesthesia and a concentric microdialysis probe was implanted in the vitreous humor and a linear probe in the anterior chamber. Isotonic @entity3 buffered saline was perfused through the probes, and samples were collected every 20 minutes over a period of 10 hours. @entity5 was administered both systemically (5 mg/kg bodyweight) and intravitreally (5.68 microg and 0.568 microg). Inhibition experiments were performed in vivo in the presence of @entity4 , which is a known @entity6 inhibitor. RESULTS: Vitreal pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity5 in the presence of @entity4 , i.e., Area under the curve (AUC) (39.27 +/- 6.47 min. microg/ml), maximum concentration achieved (Cmax) (0.095 +/- 0.011 microg/ml), vitreal elimination half-life (231.96 +/- 10.77 min), vitreal permeation half-life (16.57 +/- 6.96 min) were significantly different from the control values (19.21 +/- 3.73 min. microg/ml, 0.05 +/- 0.008 microg/ml, 165.08 +/- 31.5 min, 43.29 +/- 12.5 min respectively). A significant elevation in anterior chamber Cmax and AUC was also observed in the presence of @entity4 . @entity4 had no significant effect on vitreal kinetics of @entity5 following intravitreal dose of 5.68 micro g, but a significant difference was observed at a lower dose of @entity5 (0.568 microg). A decrease in vitreal elimination half-life and AUC was observed in the presence of @entity4 relative to control. Ocular kinetics of @entity1 was studied to ascertain ocular barrier integrity in the presence of @entity4 . Western-blot analysis of retina-choroid sections indicates expression of @entity6 on @entity0 retina-choroid. CONCLUSION: Results suggest the involvement of a multi drug efflux transporter on the retinal pigment epithelium and @entity2 affecting the intraocular kinetics of its substrates following systemic and intravitreal administrations.

title: Effect of XXXX on the ocular disposition of a model substrate, @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the multi-drug efflux transport protein, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), on the ocular distribution of a model substrate, @entity5 . METHODS: Male New Zealand albino @entity0 (2-2.5 kg) were employed in these studies. Animals were kept under anesthesia and a concentric microdialysis probe was implanted in the vitreous humor and a linear probe in the anterior chamber. Isotonic @entity3 buffered saline was perfused through the probes, and samples were collected every 20 minutes over a period of 10 hours. @entity5 was administered both systemically (5 mg/kg bodyweight) and intravitreally (5.68 microg and 0.568 microg). Inhibition experiments were performed in vivo in the presence of @entity4 , which is a known @entity6 inhibitor. RESULTS: Vitreal pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity5 in the presence of @entity4 , i.e., Area under the curve (AUC) (39.27 +/- 6.47 min. microg/ml), maximum concentration achieved (Cmax) (0.095 +/- 0.011 microg/ml), vitreal elimination half-life (231.96 +/- 10.77 min), vitreal permeation half-life (16.57 +/- 6.96 min) were significantly different from the control values (19.21 +/- 3.73 min. microg/ml, 0.05 +/- 0.008 microg/ml, 165.08 +/- 31.5 min, 43.29 +/- 12.5 min respectively). A significant elevation in anterior chamber Cmax and AUC was also observed in the presence of @entity4 . @entity4 had no significant effect on vitreal kinetics of @entity5 following intravitreal dose of 5.68 micro g, but a significant difference was observed at a lower dose of @entity5 (0.568 microg). A decrease in vitreal elimination half-life and AUC was observed in the presence of @entity4 relative to control. Ocular kinetics of @entity1 was studied to ascertain ocular barrier integrity in the presence of @entity4 . Western-blot analysis of retina-choroid sections indicates expression of @entity6 on @entity0 retina-choroid. CONCLUSION: Results suggest the involvement of a multi drug efflux transporter on the retinal pigment epithelium and @entity2 affecting the intraocular kinetics of its substrates following systemic and intravitreal administrations.

title: Effect of @entity6 on the ocular disposition of a model substrate, XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The Swiss Institute for Applied @entity1 Research's (SIAK) Network for @entity1 Predisposition Testing and Counseling was established in 1999. To define its role in the care of individuals with @entity2 predisposition, attitudes, knowledge and perception of primary care physicians towards genetic counseling and testing for @entity0 were examined. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 1391 primary care physicians in private practice in the German-speaking Canton of Z  rich. RESULTS: 628 (45%) questionnaires were returned: 319/778 (41%) general practitioners, 156/367 (43%) internists, 118/218 (54%) obstetrician-gynecologists and 22/28 (76%) oncologists answered. Socio-demographic characteristics were: 74% males and 26% females with a mean age of 51 and a mean number of 14 years in private practice. Fifty-two percent of responding physicians approved of genetic susceptibility testing and seventy-seven percent would recommend it to individuals at risk if asked for it. Of the responding physicians, 47% wanted to disclose test results and discuss its consequences and 79% wanted to provide long term care and support, whereas only 36% and 9%, respectively, assigned these tasks to specialized @entity1 genetics services. Eight knowledge questions had to be answered: 290 (46%) gave 0-2 correct answers, 284 (45%) gave 3-5 and 54 (9%) gave 6-8 correct answers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the majority of responding primary care physicians in the Canton of Z  rich approve of genetic testing for @entity0 and want to play a central role in the management of these families, but lack the knowledge to do so efficiently. Our findings underline the importance of educational programs in @entity1 genetics.

title: Swiss primary care physicians' knowledge, attitudes and perception towards genetic testing for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this retrospective follow-up study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity0 with soft-tissue @entity3 treated by the authors' protocol, which consists of a selective combination of conservative surgery and radiotherapy. @entity0 who relapsed were especially evaluated to improve treatment results. The authors examined 80 @entity0 with local soft-tissue @entity3 in the @entity4 referred to their multidisciplinary group. Fifteen @entity0 were referred for first or subsequent local recurrence, and 65 @entity0 were treated for @entity2 . The goal of treatment was local control and preservation of a functional limb. Wide excision was attempted. If the margin was less than 2.5 cm, postoperative radiotherapy was administered. Eighty-five percent of the @entity0 were treated by limb salvage. Thirty @entity0 needed reconstructive procedures such as pedicled (20 @entity0 ) or free flaps (10 @entity0 ). No free flaps were lost. The 5-year disease-specific overall survival rate was 75 percent, the local recurrence-free survival rate was 79 percent, and the metastasis-free survival rate was 68 percent. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors for local recurrence were extracompartmental site; for development of @entity1 , large size and extracompartmental site; and for decreased disease-specific overall survival, large size and extracompartmental site. Intramuscular, cutaneous, and @entity2 had a 5-year local control rate of 100 percent, and extracompartmental @entity2 had a local control rate of 69 percent. Extracompartmental @entity2 clearly have the worst prognosis and should be the main target for improving treatment strategies. After exclusion of @entity0 with inadequate treatment according to the authors' protocol, the local control rate at 5 years was 90 percent. Strict adherence to treatment protocol should be practiced.

title: Soft-tissue XXXX of the @entity4 : surgical treatment and outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this retrospective follow-up study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity0 with soft-tissue @entity3 treated by the authors' protocol, which consists of a selective combination of conservative surgery and radiotherapy. @entity0 who relapsed were especially evaluated to improve treatment results. The authors examined 80 @entity0 with local soft-tissue @entity3 in the @entity4 referred to their multidisciplinary group. Fifteen @entity0 were referred for first or subsequent local recurrence, and 65 @entity0 were treated for @entity2 . The goal of treatment was local control and preservation of a functional limb. Wide excision was attempted. If the margin was less than 2.5 cm, postoperative radiotherapy was administered. Eighty-five percent of the @entity0 were treated by limb salvage. Thirty @entity0 needed reconstructive procedures such as pedicled (20 @entity0 ) or free flaps (10 @entity0 ). No free flaps were lost. The 5-year disease-specific overall survival rate was 75 percent, the local recurrence-free survival rate was 79 percent, and the metastasis-free survival rate was 68 percent. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors for local recurrence were extracompartmental site; for development of @entity1 , large size and extracompartmental site; and for decreased disease-specific overall survival, large size and extracompartmental site. Intramuscular, cutaneous, and @entity2 had a 5-year local control rate of 100 percent, and extracompartmental @entity2 had a local control rate of 69 percent. Extracompartmental @entity2 clearly have the worst prognosis and should be the main target for improving treatment strategies. After exclusion of @entity0 with inadequate treatment according to the authors' protocol, the local control rate at 5 years was 90 percent. Strict adherence to treatment protocol should be practiced.

title: Soft-tissue @entity3 of the XXXX : surgical treatment and outcome.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 risk stratification is based on stage, age, and biology and prescribes surgery for low-risk disease, moderate-dose chemotherapy for intermediate-risk disease, and maximal therapy (including myeloablative treatment with stem cell transplantation) for high-risk disease. Four cases are described that depict pitfalls in risk assessment with potentially far-reaching consequences. This report focuses on a subset of four @entity0 referred for second opinions. Stage was defined by the International @entity3 Staging System. The first recommendations were for maximal therapy, but second opinions were radically different (ie, surgery alone). Ages at diagnosis were 15 to 25 months. Shimada histopathology was unfavorable in three of the four @entity0 , but chromosomal, serum, and urine prognostic markers were favorable. All four @entity0 did well without cytotoxic therapy (follow-up: 2 years 10 months plus to 4 years 8 months plus). @entity0 1 had abdominal and upper thoracic/supraclavicular masses (stage 4); the former was resected and the latter spontaneously regressed. @entity0 2 had @entity2 , without bone marrow involvement, but imaging studies showed lesions in vertebral bodies. Biopsies of the latter showed no @entity3 and the @entity1 (with regional lymph nodes) was resected, changing stage from 4 to 2B. @entity0 3 had a retroperitoneal mass but no distant disease. Though initially deemed to be unresectable, the @entity1 was excised, changing the classification from high risk (stage 3 with unfavorable histopathology) to low risk (stage 1). @entity0 4 had a pelvic mass, with unfavorable histopathology, and bilateral inguinal lymph node involvement (stage 3); all soft tissue disease was resected. The absence of cortical bone and extensive bone marrow metastatic involvement in a young @entity3 @entity0 should cause a shift in attention to biologic prognostic markers. Some @entity0 classified as having high-risk @entity3 might actually do well with no cytotoxic therapy.

title: Radically different treatment recommendations for newly diagnosed XXXX : pitfalls in assessment of risk.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Problems associated with the @entity1 foot are worldwide. However, there may be regional variation among risk factors and clinical presentation. Prospective comparative data concerning this topic are rare. AIM: To determine differences in underlying risk factors and clinical presentation of foot problems among @entity0 with @entity1 in different regions. @entity0 AND METHODS: Six hundred and thirteen consecutive @entity0 with @entity5 from three centres [Soest-Germany (GER), Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania (TAN) and Chennai, India (IND)] were included during the period June 1998 through December 1999. @entity1 -related data, risk-factor profiles, and lesion-related data were collected for each @entity0 . Due to varying proportions of recurrent lesions among the centres, only data from @entity0 with newly presenting @entity5 were analysed. RESULTS: Of the 613 @entity0 sampled, 368 (60%) were treated for newly presenting @entity5 . In all three centres, @entity0 were predominately male and had @entity3 2 @entity1 . The average @entity1 duration until the onset of the initial foot lesion was 14 years in GER and 12 years in IND, but only 5 years in @entity7 . The corresponding @entity0 ages were 71, 56 and 51 years. @entity2 was common to @entity0 in all three centres. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was a frequent risk factor in GER (48%). In TAN and IND it was far less common (12 and 13%), probably due to younger @entity0 populations, @entity1 and lower proportions of smokers. Inadequate footwear was the most common cause of foot lesions in GER (19%), while lack of footwear, irregular foot care and burns were the primary precipitating factors among @entity0 in TAN and IND. CONCLUSION: Similarities in different regions of the world among @entity0 with @entity1 suffering newly presenting foot lesions include a predominance of males and @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 , as well as a high frequency of @entity6 . However, differences concerning age, @entity1 duration, @entity4 , and precipitating factors contributing to injury are also observed.

title: Regional differences in risk factors and clinical presentation of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Symptom monitoring and quality-of-life (QOL) evaluation in @entity1 @entity0 might improve care. Brief, valid, and responsive tools are available to measure symptoms and their effect on QOL. Instruments available for use in @entity1 @entity0 can be classified into 3 categories: generic, @entity2 -specific, and @entity1 symptom-specific. These instruments might assist clinicians in assessing and interpreting treatment outcomes from the @entity0 perspective. They also can assist in treatment decision making, symptom palliation, and they might even be prognostic of survival. Over the past 20 years, these brief evaluations have been used in clinical trials to evaluate @entity0 -reported outcomes. Now, with the advent of less toxic, targeted molecular therapies such as @entity4 (Iressa) in @entity3 , these instruments' value in showing symptomatic improvement from @entity2 control or regression might be further enhanced. To date, however, such assessments are not widely implemented in routine clinical practice. To better understand benefits of such assessments, we review existing evidence surrounding the instruments' use, evaluate their success, and highlight recent developments. We hope to encourage clinicians to incorporate these evaluations in clinical practice.

title: The validity and clinical utility of symptom monitoring in advanced XXXX : a literature review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Light plays a key role in the development and physiology of plants. One of the most profound effects of light on plant development is the derepression of expression of an array of light-responsive genes, including the genes encoding the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of photosystem II. To understand the mechanism by which light signals nuclear gene expression, we developed a genetic selection to identify mutants with reduced @entity1 transcription. Here, we describe a new @entity0 locus, @entity3 (for @entity1 underexpressed). Mutations at this locus result in defects in expression of several light-regulated genes, specifically in mesophyll but not in bundle-associated or epidermis cells. Reduced accumulation of @entity1 and other photosynthesis-related mRNAs in the mesophyll was correlated with defects in chloroplast development in these cells, resulting in a reticulate pattern with veins greener than the interveinal regions of leaves. Moreover, @entity2 synthase mRNA, although known to be regulated by both phytochrome and a blue light receptor, accumulated normally in the leaf epidermis. Dark basal levels of @entity1 expression were unaffected in etiolated @entity3 seedlings; however, induction of @entity1 transcription by pulses of red and blue light was reduced, suggesting that @entity3 acts downstream from both phytochrome and blue light photoreceptors. @entity3 appears to play a role in the primary derepression of mesophyll-specific gene expression in response to light, because @entity3 mutants are severely deficient at establishing photoautotrophic growth. Based on this characterization, we propose that @entity3 is a cell-specific positive regulator linking light and intrinsic developmental programs in @entity0 leaf mesophyll cells.

title: XXXX : A Mesophyll Cell-Specific Positive Regulator of Light-Controlled Gene Expression in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Light plays a key role in the development and physiology of plants. One of the most profound effects of light on plant development is the derepression of expression of an array of light-responsive genes, including the genes encoding the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of photosystem II. To understand the mechanism by which light signals nuclear gene expression, we developed a genetic selection to identify mutants with reduced @entity1 transcription. Here, we describe a new @entity0 locus, @entity3 (for @entity1 underexpressed). Mutations at this locus result in defects in expression of several light-regulated genes, specifically in mesophyll but not in bundle-associated or epidermis cells. Reduced accumulation of @entity1 and other photosynthesis-related mRNAs in the mesophyll was correlated with defects in chloroplast development in these cells, resulting in a reticulate pattern with veins greener than the interveinal regions of leaves. Moreover, @entity2 synthase mRNA, although known to be regulated by both phytochrome and a blue light receptor, accumulated normally in the leaf epidermis. Dark basal levels of @entity1 expression were unaffected in etiolated @entity3 seedlings; however, induction of @entity1 transcription by pulses of red and blue light was reduced, suggesting that @entity3 acts downstream from both phytochrome and blue light photoreceptors. @entity3 appears to play a role in the primary derepression of mesophyll-specific gene expression in response to light, because @entity3 mutants are severely deficient at establishing photoautotrophic growth. Based on this characterization, we propose that @entity3 is a cell-specific positive regulator linking light and intrinsic developmental programs in @entity0 leaf mesophyll cells.

title: @entity3 : A Mesophyll Cell-Specific Positive Regulator of Light-Controlled Gene Expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, the acute efficacy of the @entity6 agonist @entity5 was investigated in 11 @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity0 by sleep laboratory methods, with a clinical follow-up for 4 weeks. In 3 nights (pre-treatment, placebo and drug night), objective @entity1 was determined by polysomnography (PSG), subjective sleep and awakening quality by rating scales, objective awakening quality by psychometry. Clinical follow-up consisted of completion of the International @entity7 Study Group (IRLSSG) Scale, Zung @entity4 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 (SAS) Scale, Quality of Life Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Concerning acute effects, an omnibus significance test for PSG variables demonstrated a global difference between placebo and @entity5 , but none between pre-treatment and placebo. @entity5 0.27 mg significantly decreased the target variable periodic leg movements (PLM)/h of sleep as well as all other @entity7 /PLM variables and improved objective sleep efficiency and subjective @entity1 as compared with placebo. In @entity1 , sleep stages S1 and S2 and stage shifts increased, while slow-wave sleep and SREM decreased. After 4 weeks of therapy, the total scores of the IRLSSG questionnaire, @entity1 and @entity1 , @entity4 and quality of life also improved. Thus, acute @entity5 markedly reduced PLM measures and slightly improved objective and subjective @entity1 . Follow-up ratings showed a moderate improvement of @entity7 and @entity1 , and to a lesser extent of @entity1 , @entity4 and quality of life. The psychopathological findings as well as acute @entity1 changes are reminiscent of those seen after activating antidepressants.

title: Acute placebo-controlled sleep laboratory studies and clinical follow-up with XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In a single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, the acute efficacy of the @entity6 agonist @entity5 was investigated in 11 @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity0 by sleep laboratory methods, with a clinical follow-up for 4 weeks. In 3 nights (pre-treatment, placebo and drug night), objective @entity1 was determined by polysomnography (PSG), subjective sleep and awakening quality by rating scales, objective awakening quality by psychometry. Clinical follow-up consisted of completion of the International @entity7 Study Group (IRLSSG) Scale, Zung @entity4 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 (SAS) Scale, Quality of Life Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Concerning acute effects, an omnibus significance test for PSG variables demonstrated a global difference between placebo and @entity5 , but none between pre-treatment and placebo. @entity5 0.27 mg significantly decreased the target variable periodic leg movements (PLM)/h of sleep as well as all other @entity7 /PLM variables and improved objective sleep efficiency and subjective @entity1 as compared with placebo. In @entity1 , sleep stages S1 and S2 and stage shifts increased, while slow-wave sleep and SREM decreased. After 4 weeks of therapy, the total scores of the IRLSSG questionnaire, @entity1 and @entity1 , @entity4 and quality of life also improved. Thus, acute @entity5 markedly reduced PLM measures and slightly improved objective and subjective @entity1 . Follow-up ratings showed a moderate improvement of @entity7 and @entity1 , and to a lesser extent of @entity1 , @entity4 and quality of life. The psychopathological findings as well as acute @entity1 changes are reminiscent of those seen after activating antidepressants.

title: Acute placebo-controlled sleep laboratory studies and clinical follow-up with @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The development and progression of @entity0 @entity1 are believed to be due to the alterations of multiple genes or/and their protein products. For identifying the proteins associated with @entity3 , we analysed the protein profiles of 24 pairs of @entity4 /matched adjacent normal epithelia. Microdissection of routinely unstained frozen sections was performed to purify cancerous and epithelial cells. The protein expression profiles were obtained by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Selected proteins dysregulated in @entity1 were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Three isoforms of annexin I were detected in normal esophageal mucosa and down-regulated in @entity4 . RT-PCR analysis showed annexin I mRNA levels were significantly reduced in 17 out of 24 @entity2 . Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that annexin I appeared strong positive in all normal epithelia layers except basal cells. In @entity1 tissues, decreased expression of annexin I was observed in 12 out of 16 well differentiated @entity1 , 16 out of 17 moderately differentiated @entity1 , and 3 out of 3 poorly differentiated @entity1 as compared with the corresponding normal esophageal epithelia. There was a significant correlation between annexin I expression and the status of @entity1 differentiation. Well differentiated @entity1 presented stronger immunohistochemical reaction than moderately and poorly differentiated @entity1 . These data suggested that there existed three different isoforms of annexin I in normal esophageal epithelia, which may be the results of post-translational modification. Down-expression of three annexin I isoforms was a frequent event in esophageal carcinogenesis.

title: Three isoforms of annexin I are preferentially expressed in normal esophageal epithelia but down-regulated in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Throughout the 20th century, the US has feared that political instability in the Caribbean area could be exploited by adversaries; therefore, the US and the nations of the Caribbean share a compelling interest in the region's development. The dramatic increase in legal and illegal immigration to the US from the Caribbean in the last 2 decades has offered an additional @entity0 reason for US interest in the region. This @entity2 has also created a new source of @entity1 and vulnerability for the region. Curtailment of @entity2 would undoubtedly affect the region, and if the effect were social and political instability, then the US would also share those consequences. The 1984 Conference on Migration and Development in the Caribbean held discussions to 1) enhance the benefits of @entity2 to Caribbean development, 2) identify development strategies, policies, and projects that would reduce pressures that have accelerated the rate of international @entity2 , making it less manageable and more costly, and 3) identify ways to reduce @entity1 on @entity2 by expanding employment and assisting economies in the region to become more self-reliant. The attitudes of both US and Caribbean @entity0 seemed to reflect a considerable degree of ambivalence on the @entity2 issue. The US views itself as "a nation of immigrants" and yet is troubled by the recent large influx of immigrants, particularly illegal migrants and refugees. While Americans recognize that the "brain" reduces the development capacity of developing countries, the US still needs and benefits from young immigrants trained in the sciences, engineering, and computers. Caribbean @entity0 were also ambivalent about immigration. They consider immigration "a way of life" and a "right," but they also recognize that there are significant developmental costs to some types of @entity2 . While many want the US to keep a wide open door to Caribbean immigrants, they are aware that most Caribbean Community (CARICOM) governments are currently closing the door to immigrants even from other CARICOM countries.

title: Migration and development in the Caribbean: relating policies and XXXX .

answer: @entity0