abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2002, the US Food and Drug Administration approved an implantable balloon catheter that delivers accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The objective of the current study was to determine the use of implantable APBI (IAPBI) in the United States and factors associated with IAPBI use. METHODS: By using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, the authors conducted a retrospective analysis of @entity1 who received whole-breast radiotherapy (WBRT) or IAPBI after BCS for @entity3 in situ, AJCC stage I, or @entity0 from 2000 to 2007. WBRT and IAPBI rates were determined across time and demographic and @entity2 factors using chi-square tests and Cochran-Armitage tests for trend for the unadjusted analyses. RESULTS: A total of 127,257 @entity1 who met inclusion criteria were identified. Over the study period, the proportion of @entity1 receiving IAPBI increased by 1600% (from 0.4% in 2000 to 6.8% in 2007; P <.001). This trend remained significant when using logistic regression (odds ratio, 20.3; 95% confidence interval, 15.5-26.6). The increase in IAPBI use was statistically significant across all stage and age categories >40 years (P <.001). The use of IAPBI was most notable in older @entity1 (ages 70-79 years), with a >2100% increase in use noted during the study period (0.4% in 2000 vs 9.0% in 2007; P <.001). The authors also found significant variation in IAPBI use by region. CONCLUSIONS: IAPBI use has markedly increased since 2000, particularly in the elderly population. The rapid and widespread adoption of IAPBI is concerning, because large multicenter randomized controlled trials have not yet demonstrated the long-term effectiveness of IAPBI compared with WBRT.

title: Trends in the use of implantable accelerated partial breast irradiation therapy for early stage XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity0


abstract: SCOPE: Sterigmatocystin (ST), a mycotoxin commonly found in foodstuff and feedstuff, has been shown to be a carcinogenic mycotoxin in animal models. Many studies showed that the high level of ST contamination in grains might be related to the high incidence of @entity1 in rural areas of China. However, up to now, the potential effects of ST on @entity0 gastric epithelium cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of ST on cell-cycle distribution and the regulatory mechanism in immortalized @entity0 gastric epithelium cells (GES-1). METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of ST on the cell cycle distribution of GES-1 cells were determined with flow cytometric (FCM) analysis, Giemsa staining and immunofluorescence staining, while that on the expression of related gene- @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity6 and the complex of @entity6 - @entity9 were studied with Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoprecipitation assay respectively. We found that ST induced GES-1 cells arrested at G2 phase by regulating the expression of @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity6 and the formation of @entity6 - @entity9 complex. Further study suggested @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity7 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathways to be involved in the process of G2 arrest induced by ST. The specific inhibitors of @entity5 and @entity4 reversed the role of ST, whereas that of @entity7 / @entity2 / @entity3 reinforced the effect of ST on cell-cycle distribution. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity7 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathways participated in the G2 arrest induced by ST through the deregulation of @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 . It may play some roles in the @entity1 in ST exposure populations.

title: Involvement of MAPK and XXXX signaling pathway in sterigmatocystin-induced G2 phase arrest in @entity0 gastric epithelium cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: SCOPE: Sterigmatocystin (ST), a mycotoxin commonly found in foodstuff and feedstuff, has been shown to be a carcinogenic mycotoxin in animal models. Many studies showed that the high level of ST contamination in grains might be related to the high incidence of @entity1 in rural areas of China. However, up to now, the potential effects of ST on @entity0 gastric epithelium cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of ST on cell-cycle distribution and the regulatory mechanism in immortalized @entity0 gastric epithelium cells (GES-1). METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of ST on the cell cycle distribution of GES-1 cells were determined with flow cytometric (FCM) analysis, Giemsa staining and immunofluorescence staining, while that on the expression of related gene- @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity6 and the complex of @entity6 - @entity9 were studied with Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoprecipitation assay respectively. We found that ST induced GES-1 cells arrested at G2 phase by regulating the expression of @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity6 and the formation of @entity6 - @entity9 complex. Further study suggested @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity7 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathways to be involved in the process of G2 arrest induced by ST. The specific inhibitors of @entity5 and @entity4 reversed the role of ST, whereas that of @entity7 / @entity2 / @entity3 reinforced the effect of ST on cell-cycle distribution. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity7 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathways participated in the G2 arrest induced by ST through the deregulation of @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 . It may play some roles in the @entity1 in ST exposure populations.

title: Involvement of MAPK and @entity7 signaling pathway in sterigmatocystin-induced G2 phase arrest in XXXX gastric epithelium cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although recent protocols for standardized knee radiography afford highly reproducible radioanatomic alignment of the joint and measurement of joint space width (JSW) in repeat radiographs acquired on the same day, the sensitivity of these techniques to joint space narrowing (JSN) over time in subjects with @entity1 ( @entity0 ) is unknown. The present study was undertaken to compare the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) view and the semiflexed anteroposterior (AP) view with respect to sensitivity to JSN in knee @entity0 . METHODS: In 49 subjects with definite knee @entity0 , 2 MTP radiographs and 1 semiflexed AP radiograph were obtained at baseline. Each examination was repeated 14 months later. In MTP views, minimum JSW and the distance between the anterior and posterior margins of the medial tibial plateau (intermargin distance [IMD], an indicator of parallel alignment of the tibial plateau and the x-ray beam) were measured with a pair of calipers and a magnifying lens fitted with a graticule. JSW in semiflexed AP views was measured by digital image analysis. RESULTS: The mean of within-knee standard deviations of JSW in the baseline MTP examinations (n = 52 @entity0 knees) was 0.24 mm (coefficient of variation 5.8%). Although IMDs in the 2 baseline MTP views were very highly correlated (+0.88), IMDs in the serial examinations were only moderately correlated (+0.45). Serial MTP views showed a small increase in mean JSW over 14 months that was not significantly greater than zero (mean +/- SD +0.09 +/- 0.66 mm; P not significant). In contrast, concurrent semiflexed AP examinations showed a marginally significant decrease in mean JSW (-0.09 +/- 0.31 mm; P = 0.10). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that evidence of the short-term reproducibility of a radiographic protocol is an insufficient basis on which to predict the quality of its longitudinal performance.

title: Detection of radiographic joint space narrowing in subjects with XXXX : longitudinal comparison of the metatarsophalangeal and semiflexed anteroposterior views.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 1984, during 201 voyages of cargo ships of Polish Ocean Lines having doctors on board, 30340 medical consultations were given to crew members, in 15506 cases of complaints and diseases. Doctors also consulted injured seafarers 2456 times in cases of @entity1 , wounds, @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity6 etc. During these 201 voyages, 33 cases of serious medical conditions were reported among crew members, which required disembarkation and hospital treatment abroad; in this number two cases of @entity3 ended fatally. There were also 13 casualties among seamen, which were treated in hospitals in foreign ports; all of them survived. One of the important health problems of seafarers were diseases of teeth, pulp, and periapical tissue. Such cases constituted the majority (66.9%) of all 1868 cases referred for consultation and treatment in foreign ports. @entity0 prevention among seafarers needed improvement. The working time of doctors on board @entity4 was under-utilized. To a greater extent they should be involved in training seafarers in first aid and primary health care, and in health education activities among seamen, during sea voyages. Materials presented in the paper may be of use in planning efficient and cost-effective health services for crews of ships.

title: The work of XXXX 's doctors of Polish Ocean Lines.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The intracellular localization of invertase endocytosed by @entity0 liver was investigated by analytical centrifugation in @entity1 and Percoll gradients of mitochondrial fractions originating from @entity0 killed 15 h after injection. After isopycnic centrifugation in a @entity1 gradient, invertase is located in higher density zones than acid hydrolases. The difference between the distribution of invertase and that of acid hydrolases increases with the amount of invertase injected. When the invertase dose is sufficiently high, a change of lysosomal enzyme distribution is clearly visible. It consists in the shift of a proportion of these enzymes to higher density regions where invertase is located. The proportion of hydrolase activity affected by invertase is different for each enzyme measured; it is the least pronounced for acid phosphatase, and most for acid deoxyribonuclease and arylsulfatase. A pretreatment of the @entity0 with Triton @entity2 considerably decreases the equilibrium density of structures bearing invertase. Nevertheless invertase distribution is quite distinct from that of the bulk of lysosomal enzymes that are recovered in lower density zones of the gradient; on the other hand the invertase injection to @entity0 treated with @entity2 causes a spreading of the acid hydrolase distribution towards higher density zones. The distribution of acid hydrolases and invertase in a Percoll gradient depends on the @entity1 concentration of the solvent. It is shifted towards higher densities when the @entity1 concentration increases. The phenomenon is more important for invertase. These results are best explained by supposing that invertase accumulates in a distinct population of lysosomes that can be individualized as a result of the density increase they are subjected to by the invertase they accumulate. It is proposed that these lysosomes mainly originate from non-parenchymal cells of the liver.

title: Effect on lysosomes of invertase endocytosed by XXXX -liver.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-cardiac @entity6 is one of the most common functional @entity2 . By recognising that @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity10 and oesophageal hypersensitivity are the main underlying mechanisms of NCCP, a more directed therapeutic approach has been developed. AIM: To determine the value of the current therapeutic modalities for NCCP. METHODS: Electronic (Pubmed/Medline/Cochrane central) and manual search. RESULTS: Double-dose PPI treatment for two months is a reasonable first choice approach in @entity0 with NCCP because @entity3 is the most common aetiology. Studies evaluating the role of medical therapy in NCCP @entity0 with @entity7 suggest a limited value to muscle relaxants like @entity4 channel blockers ( @entity5 , @entity9 ), @entity8 and @entity11 . While most trials evaluating @entity1 modulators are small and many are not placebo-controlled, these type of medications appear efficacious in both @entity0 with NCCP due to @entity10 and those with functional @entity6 . Cognitive behavioural therapy has been extensively studied in @entity0 with functional @entity6 with good results. Other psychological techniques such as hypnotherapy, group therapy or coping skills have been scarcely studied but appear to be effective in NCCP @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Medical, endoscopic and surgical therapeutic options are available for the treating physician, although some @entity0 with non-cardiac @entity6 may require a multimodal therapeutic approach.

title: Review article: the current treatment of non-cardiac XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Whole organ sectioning of laryngectomy specimens has been applied since quite a few years to increase our knowledge of the histopathological behavior of @entity1 . The laboratory techniques have been successively refined with shortening of the processing time and with improved histological results. The larynx may be cut in the coronal, sagittal or in the transverse plane, which has become more actual for comparison between computed tomograms and histopathological findings. The growth and spread of @entity0 is determined by the site of origin. @entity1 often invade the thyroid cartilage in the anterior commissure area and extend outside the larynx through cartilage or by extending subglottically and then through the crico-thyroid membrane. More extensive @entity1 with supra- and/or subglottic extension may spread laterally through the crico-thyroid space. This way of spread is very characteristic for @entity0 surrounding the laryngeal ventricle--"transglottic @entity1 ." @entity1 show a high tendency to invade the pre-epiglottic space. Despite an advanced size they tend to be confined to the supraglottic region, but may especially when @entity2 extend down to the glottic region in the anterior midline. Primary @entity1 are rare but tend to be advanced when diagnosed, having a circumferential growth with extension up into the vocal cord muscles. They may invade the laryngeal framework and spread outside the larynx through the crico-thyroid membrane. By using the whole organ sectioning technique we have gained further knowledge of the strength and weaknesses of our clinical and radiological diagnostic methods and we have a possibility to compare the radiographic findings with the histopathological sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Aspects on XXXX based on whole organ sections.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study retrospectively examines the efficacy of prophylactic intravenous antibiotic regimens in the prevention of odontogenic @entity2 in @entity0 with severe @entity4 receiving comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia. @entity0 AND METHODS: Blood cultures were taken from @entity0 with @entity1 30 seconds after completion of dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Antibiotic prophylaxis had been given intravenously immediately before dental treatment. The choice of antibiotics and the extent of dental treatment were recorded. The percentage prevalence of @entity2 was compared with published data following multiple dental extractions using the same clinical and microbiological methodology. RESULTS: The overall percentage prevalence of positive cultures in @entity0 receiving intravenous prophylactic antibiotics was 16%. The percentage of positive blood cultures in cardiac @entity0 who received @entity3 alone was not significantly different from that in @entity0 having a combination of @entity5 and @entity6 (16.7% v 22.2%) respectively [Chi Square = 0.385, df = 1, P= 0.535]. When compared with multiple extractions, both @entity3 alone and @entity5 with @entity6 were effective in reducing the prevalence of odontogenic @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity2 after dental treatment is reduced by antibiotics but is still detected on 16% of occasions. In comparison with @entity0 receiving @entity3 alone, the combination of @entity5 and @entity6 is as effective in reducing @entity2 in @entity0 who are either allergic to penicillins or who have received them within the previous month.

title: Intravenous antibiotic regimens and prophylaxis of odontogenic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In addition to preoperative coronary angiography, 63 @entity0 undergoing coronary bypass surgery also had myocardial scintigraphy with @entity3 1 to 2 days before surgery, resting scintigraphy 10 after bypass and a repeat scintigraphy with @entity3 3 to 6 months later. The myocardium was divided into 5 segments. In each segment the perfusion was classified as: normal, presence of a reversible defect (redistribution), presence of a @entity2 (no redistribution). A comparison of pre-and postoperative scintigraphies led to the following conclusions. Three to six months after bypass, improved perfusion was observed in 65.6% os ischaemic segments, showing that surgery was very effective. On the other hand, the immediate postoperative control (10 days) only showed improved perfusion in 42.5% of the ischaemic segments: this interval was too short to appreciate the benefits of coronary bypass. There was a good correlation between the scintigraphic improvement after surgery and the reversibility of the zones of hypofixation of Thallium before surgery. When the defect was reversible, 80% of the revascularised segments were improved. Fifty-eight per cent of non-reversible defects before surgery were unchanged by the revascularisation procedure. However, the absence of redistribution during preoperative scintigraphy was not synonymous with @entity1 and does not represent a contra-indication to coronary bypass surgery; in fact, improved perfusion was observed in 42% of these constant defects. The quality of recovery depends on the condition of the muscle: only segments with normal motion can be improved. Degradation of the clinical condition of @entity0 was always related to aggravation(lack of improvement in 1 case) of scintigraphy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical value of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with XXXX performed before and after aortocoronary bypass].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: While late decelerations are regarded as signs of @entity4 , fetal @entity3 movements (FBM) associated with late decelerations invariably have normal outcomes. Could late decelerations sometimes represent FBM? MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity0 between 37 and 42 weeks' gestation with 'late decelerations' associated with FBM (by ultrasound or tocodynamometer) during ante- or intrapartum monitoring were evaluated. Three were at high risk ( @entity1 , postdates, intrauterine growth restriction) and three were at low-risk. RESULTS: 'Late decelerations' arose in previously reassuring tracings. @entity2 or positional change had no effect. The decelerations were variable in length and shallow, and contained increased variability. Normal baseline rate and variability were maintained after the deceleration. Neonatal outcomes were normal. CONCLUSION: 'Late decelerations' as described are associated with normal outcome and may represent FBM. This understanding may reduce unnecessary interventions.

title: Late-onset fetal cardiac decelerations associated with fetal XXXX movements.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of unilateral somatosensory stimulation on the laterality of delta band activity during @entity1 ( @entity1 ). DESIGN: @entity0 napped for two hours on two separate days. Two types of vibratory stimuli were randomly presented to one hand: a short and more intense vibration (rare stimulus) and a long and less intense vibration (frequent stimulus). The vibratory stimuli were presented to @entity0 once in @entity1 in alternating periods of stimulation and no stimulation. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were obtained from homologous electrode sites and analyzed for asymmetry. SETTING: State University of New York at Stony Brook. @entity0 : Eight right-handed college students (ages 18 to 24). MEASUREMENTS _ RESULTS: Delta band activity (>0-3.906 Hz) at homologous electrode sites was obtained and an asymmetry index (AI) was derived. The AI varied as a function of Stimulus Type (rare, frequent, no stimulus). Less asymmetry was observed after rare stimuli than after frequent or no stimuli. There was no difference in AI between right and left hand stimulation. Absolute delta power was greater to rare stimuli than to frequent or no stimuli. Amplitude of ERP (event-related potential) components during wakefulness and sleep were also examined. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support the idea that vibratory stimulation of a given hand will disrupt sleep in the contralateral hemisphere. However, the results do support the idea that the @entity0 brain is capable of monitoring the environment without compromising @entity1 .

title: The effect of unilateral somatosensory stimulation on hemispheric asymmetries during XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We studied 14 cases with @entity3 . Five cases in 7 @entity2 showed @entity4 in CT scans. The central @entity4 neighboring the surface of the pons or the fourth ventricle was removed with @entity6 -LASER and cavitron ultrasonic aspirator (necrotomy) and a few pellets were given in the @entity5 in four cases. Three cases showed remarkable improvement of clinical course. A case came back to work. Other two @entity0 resulted in high Karnofsky rating. A case did not improve and died 10 months after the surgery. CT scans showed the decompression of the fourth ventricle due to decrease in volume of central @entity4 . The preoperative enhanced lesion was decreased in degree of contrast enhancement. The @entity3 and local administration of anti- @entity1 -agents in @entity5 showed excellent results in some cases. We should scrutinize CT scans and NMR in cases with @entity3 .

title: [Necrotomy of XXXX and local administration of anticancer agents].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 61-year-old @entity0 was found to have mild @entity5 during a medical checkup and was referred to our hospital in 1993. Physical examination showed a mild @entity2 , and bone marrow examination revealed the proliferation of monoclonal mature B cells. He was diagnosed with @entity3 . Chlorambucil and then @entity4 were effective initially. However, large transformed cells started to increase in 2000, and the increment became uncontrollable and platelet transfusion dependence developed. He was admitted to our hospital in October 2001. He intermittently received a total of 32 administrations of rituximab. The total dose was 15, 500 mg. The @entity1 was tolerable and he became transfusion independent for 6 months. However, systemic lymphoadenopathy and @entity2 did not respond to the drug. We conclude that rituximab treatment is useful for refractory @entity3 because of its excellent safety.

title: [Drug-resistant B cell XXXX safely treated with rituximab to control leukemic cell increment and platelet transfusion dependence].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this prospective study was to elucidate the efficacy of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound to characterise focal @entity3 appearing non-hypervascular on contrast-enhanced CT in chronic @entity5 . METHODS: The study population included 22 @entity0 with @entity2 or chronic @entity3 , who between them had 27 focal @entity3 smaller than 20 mm (mean 13.9    3.4) that appeared non-hypervascular on contrast-enhanced CT. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with @entity6 microbubble agent (Sonazoid, 0.0075 ml kg(-1)) was performed prior to ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, and intensity analysis was done for @entity3 in the early phase (-60 s) and late phase (600 s post injection). RESULTS: All seven early-phase hyperenhanced lesions were @entity4 ( @entity4 ). 20 lesions iso- or hypoenhanced during the early phase consisted of 11 regenerative nodules (RNs) and 9 HCCs. @entity4 was more frequent in early-phase hyperenhanced lesions than in iso- or @entity1 (p=0.0108). Both late-phase @entity1 were HCCs, whereas 25 late-phase isoenhanced lesions consisted of 11 RNs and 14 HCCs. The enhancement patterns of the 11 RNs included isoenhanced appearance in both the early and late phases in 8 lesions, and early-phase hypoenhancement combined with late-phase isoenhancement in the remaining 3. Both of these enhancement patterns (i.e. either iso-iso or hypo-iso) were found in 9 malignant lesions, 9 (75%) of the 12 well-differentiated HCCs. CONCLUSION: Hypervascularity on contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid strongly suggested @entity4 regardless of non-hypervascularity on CT, and late-phase hypoenhancement was another possible finding of @entity4 . However, characterisation of @entity3 with other enhancement patterns was difficult using our technique.

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterisation of XXXX appearing non-hypervascular on CT in chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this prospective study was to elucidate the efficacy of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound to characterise focal @entity3 appearing non-hypervascular on contrast-enhanced CT in chronic @entity5 . METHODS: The study population included 22 @entity0 with @entity2 or chronic @entity3 , who between them had 27 focal @entity3 smaller than 20 mm (mean 13.9    3.4) that appeared non-hypervascular on contrast-enhanced CT. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with @entity6 microbubble agent (Sonazoid, 0.0075 ml kg(-1)) was performed prior to ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, and intensity analysis was done for @entity3 in the early phase (-60 s) and late phase (600 s post injection). RESULTS: All seven early-phase hyperenhanced lesions were @entity4 ( @entity4 ). 20 lesions iso- or hypoenhanced during the early phase consisted of 11 regenerative nodules (RNs) and 9 HCCs. @entity4 was more frequent in early-phase hyperenhanced lesions than in iso- or @entity1 (p=0.0108). Both late-phase @entity1 were HCCs, whereas 25 late-phase isoenhanced lesions consisted of 11 RNs and 14 HCCs. The enhancement patterns of the 11 RNs included isoenhanced appearance in both the early and late phases in 8 lesions, and early-phase hypoenhancement combined with late-phase isoenhancement in the remaining 3. Both of these enhancement patterns (i.e. either iso-iso or hypo-iso) were found in 9 malignant lesions, 9 (75%) of the 12 well-differentiated HCCs. CONCLUSION: Hypervascularity on contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid strongly suggested @entity4 regardless of non-hypervascularity on CT, and late-phase hypoenhancement was another possible finding of @entity4 . However, characterisation of @entity3 with other enhancement patterns was difficult using our technique.

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterisation of @entity3 appearing non-hypervascular on CT in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The influence of mechanical tissue strain caused by flexible @entity1 fixation on the systemic occurrence of systemic mitogens during @entity3 was investigated. For this purpose the mitogenic capacity and growth factor concentration of sera from @entity0 undergoing @entity1 treatment were determined. Sera from 9 @entity0 whose @entity1 had been stabilized by external fixation were collected before and during @entity1 treatment. The sera were added to cell culture media of the osteoblastic cell line SaOS-2. After 5-6 days cell proliferation was measured. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) concentrations were analyzed in serum samples from different healing stages. STATISTICS: paired Wilcoxon-test. Sera from @entity1 @entity0 decreased SaOS-2 proliferation in the first week after surgery (p<0.05) compared to sera obtained prior to surgery. In the fourth or fifth week proliferation increased significantly (p<0.03). The increased proliferation of the SaOS-2 cells was associated with elevated levels of TGF-beta and @entity2 (p<0.05). The higher mitogenic activity of sera suggests an increased level of circulating mitogens. In a previous study this increase had also been observed in @entity0 during distraction osteogenesis treatment but not in @entity0 with primary bone healing by a stable fixated plate. It is therefore assumed that their release from the @entity1 site is a consequence of mechanical stimulation by interfragmentary movement of @entity1 ends.

title: Mitogens are increased in the systemic circulation during bone XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 presenting with locally advanced @entity2 currently receive preoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Although pathologic complete response is achieved for approximately 10% to 30% of @entity0 , a proportion of @entity0 derive no benefit from this therapy while being exposed to toxic side effects of treatment. Therefore, there is a strong need to identify @entity0 who are unlikely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy to help direct them toward alternate and ultimately more successful treatment options. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this study, we obtained expression profiles from pretreatment biopsies for 51 @entity2 @entity0 . All @entity0 underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy, followed by resection of the @entity2 6 to 8 weeks posttreatment. Gene expression and response to treatment were correlated, and a supervised learning algorithm was used to generate an original predictive classifier and validate previously published classifiers. RESULTS: Novel predictive classifiers based on Mandard's @entity2 regression grade, metabolic response, TNM ( @entity2 node @entity1 ) downstaging, and normal tissue expression profiles were generated. Because there were only 7 @entity0 who had minimal treatment response (>80% @entity3 ), expression profiles were used to predict @entity2 response and outcome. These classifiers peaked at 82% sensitivity and 89% specificity; however, classifiers with the highest sensitivity had poor specificity, and vice versa. Validation of predictive classifiers from previously published reports was attempted using this cohort; however, sensitivity and specificity ranged from 21% to 70%. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the clinical utility of microarrays in predictive medicine is not yet within reach for @entity2 and alternatives to microarrays should be considered for predictive studies in @entity4 .

title: Pretreatment transcriptional profiling for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity3 ) is considered the preferred route for long-term enteral feeding. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of an increased mortality risk after @entity3 insertion. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted during a 13-year period in the gastroenterology department of Erlangen University Hospital. The authors completed a questionnaire with details of demographic data, diagnosis, indication for @entity3 , type of tube, and cause of @entity2 . @entity0 were contacted regularly at scheduled appointments. RESULTS: In total, 787 @entity0 (574 male [72.9%]) underwent @entity3 placement by the pull technique. The main underlying disease was malignant (75.6%). By the end of the study period, 614 @entity0 had died. The average survival time was 720 days. The 30-, 60-, 90-day and 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality rates amounted to 6.5%, 9.8%, 13%, 32.1%, 59.3%, and 69.8%, respectively. Predictive factors of increased 30-day mortality were higher age, lower body mass index (BMI), and the presence of @entity1 . The presence of all 3 variables served as an indicator to detect high-risk @entity0 , with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.64. CONCLUSION: Mortality predictors for @entity0 after @entity3 insertion are higher age, lower BMI, and the presence of @entity1 . To avoid unnecessary and dangerous examinations in high-risk @entity0 , the above-mentioned predictive factors of mortality should be checked before @entity3 placement.

title: Predictive factors of mortality after XXXX insertion: guidance for clinical practice.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 treated with hemodialysis (HD) have been reported to have decreased levels of   -3 @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in plasma and cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of   -3 @entity4 administered intravenously during HD, as well as the effect of HD treatment, on the @entity1 composition of plasma free @entity3 (FFAs), plasma phospholipids, and platelet phospholipids. METHODS: Forty-four HD @entity0 were randomized to groups receiving either a single dose of a lipid emulsion containing 4.1 g of   -3 @entity4 or placebo (saline) administered intravenously during HD. Blood was drawn immediately before (baseline) and after (4 hours) HD and before the next HD session (48 hours). @entity1 composition was measured using gas chromatography. RESULTS: The increase in   -3 FFAs was greater in the   -3 @entity4 group compared with the placebo group, whereas the increase in total FFAs was similar between the 2 groups. In the   -3 @entity4 group,   -3 @entity4 in plasma phospholipids were higher after 48 hours than at baseline, and in platelet phospholipids,   -3 @entity4 increased after 4 hours. In the placebo group, no changes were observed in   -3 @entity4 in plasma and platelet phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous   -3 @entity4 administered during HD caused a transient selective increase in   -3 FFA concentration. Furthermore,   -3 @entity4 were rapidly incorporated into platelets, and the content of   -3 @entity4 in plasma phospholipids increased after 48 hours.

title: Effect of intravenous omega-3 fatty acid infusion and hemodialysis on @entity1 composition of free XXXX and phospholipids in @entity0 with end-stage renal disease.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 treated with hemodialysis (HD) have been reported to have decreased levels of   -3 @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in plasma and cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of   -3 @entity4 administered intravenously during HD, as well as the effect of HD treatment, on the @entity1 composition of plasma free @entity3 (FFAs), plasma phospholipids, and platelet phospholipids. METHODS: Forty-four HD @entity0 were randomized to groups receiving either a single dose of a lipid emulsion containing 4.1 g of   -3 @entity4 or placebo (saline) administered intravenously during HD. Blood was drawn immediately before (baseline) and after (4 hours) HD and before the next HD session (48 hours). @entity1 composition was measured using gas chromatography. RESULTS: The increase in   -3 FFAs was greater in the   -3 @entity4 group compared with the placebo group, whereas the increase in total FFAs was similar between the 2 groups. In the   -3 @entity4 group,   -3 @entity4 in plasma phospholipids were higher after 48 hours than at baseline, and in platelet phospholipids,   -3 @entity4 increased after 4 hours. In the placebo group, no changes were observed in   -3 @entity4 in plasma and platelet phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous   -3 @entity4 administered during HD caused a transient selective increase in   -3 FFA concentration. Furthermore,   -3 @entity4 were rapidly incorporated into platelets, and the content of   -3 @entity4 in plasma phospholipids increased after 48 hours.

title: Effect of intravenous omega-3 fatty acid infusion and hemodialysis on XXXX composition of free @entity3 and phospholipids in @entity0 with end-stage renal disease.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 treated with hemodialysis (HD) have been reported to have decreased levels of   -3 @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in plasma and cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of   -3 @entity4 administered intravenously during HD, as well as the effect of HD treatment, on the @entity1 composition of plasma free @entity3 (FFAs), plasma phospholipids, and platelet phospholipids. METHODS: Forty-four HD @entity0 were randomized to groups receiving either a single dose of a lipid emulsion containing 4.1 g of   -3 @entity4 or placebo (saline) administered intravenously during HD. Blood was drawn immediately before (baseline) and after (4 hours) HD and before the next HD session (48 hours). @entity1 composition was measured using gas chromatography. RESULTS: The increase in   -3 FFAs was greater in the   -3 @entity4 group compared with the placebo group, whereas the increase in total FFAs was similar between the 2 groups. In the   -3 @entity4 group,   -3 @entity4 in plasma phospholipids were higher after 48 hours than at baseline, and in platelet phospholipids,   -3 @entity4 increased after 4 hours. In the placebo group, no changes were observed in   -3 @entity4 in plasma and platelet phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous   -3 @entity4 administered during HD caused a transient selective increase in   -3 FFA concentration. Furthermore,   -3 @entity4 were rapidly incorporated into platelets, and the content of   -3 @entity4 in plasma phospholipids increased after 48 hours.

title: Effect of intravenous omega-3 fatty acid infusion and hemodialysis on @entity1 composition of free @entity3 and phospholipids in XXXX with end-stage renal disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a risk factor for increased arterial stiffness. We evaluated associations between the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and carotid plaque, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity9 in Korean @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 320 Korean @entity1 @entity0 without a history of @entity4 or macroalbuminuria. We measured 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) levels and performed funduscopic and @entity3 examinations to assess the extent of @entity9 . Arterial stiffness was assessed using CAVI. We also measured the ankle-brachial index (ABI), common carotid artery @entity5 , and carotid beta stiffness index. RESULTS: Among the 320 @entity0 enrolled in this study, 64 (20%) had increased CAVI (>=  9). We found that CAVI was correlated with systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, @entity5 , carotid beta stiffness index, log-transformed UAE, and total @entity6 . In multiple logistic regression analysis, mean @entity5 and the presence of carotid plaque were independently associated with increased CAVI (>=  9) (OR=5.77, P < 0.01; OR=5.36, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, an increased CAVI was associated with @entity8 (OR=2.03, P = 0.03) and microalbuminuria (OR=2.47, P < 0.01) after adjusting for possible confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that increased CAVI is associated with the presence of arterial plaque, @entity7 , such as @entity2 and @entity3 , in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Associations between cardio-ankle vascular index and microvascular complications in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a risk factor for increased arterial stiffness. We evaluated associations between the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and carotid plaque, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity9 in Korean @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 320 Korean @entity1 @entity0 without a history of @entity4 or macroalbuminuria. We measured 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) levels and performed funduscopic and @entity3 examinations to assess the extent of @entity9 . Arterial stiffness was assessed using CAVI. We also measured the ankle-brachial index (ABI), common carotid artery @entity5 , and carotid beta stiffness index. RESULTS: Among the 320 @entity0 enrolled in this study, 64 (20%) had increased CAVI (>=  9). We found that CAVI was correlated with systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, @entity5 , carotid beta stiffness index, log-transformed UAE, and total @entity6 . In multiple logistic regression analysis, mean @entity5 and the presence of carotid plaque were independently associated with increased CAVI (>=  9) (OR=5.77, P < 0.01; OR=5.36, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, an increased CAVI was associated with @entity8 (OR=2.03, P = 0.03) and microalbuminuria (OR=2.47, P < 0.01) after adjusting for possible confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that increased CAVI is associated with the presence of arterial plaque, @entity7 , such as @entity2 and @entity3 , in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Associations between cardio-ankle vascular index and microvascular complications in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A case of @entity4 , successfully treated with multimodal loco-regional treatments, is reported. An 80-year-old male presented with multiple pulmonary and peritoneal @entity1 4 months after right heimihepatectomy for @entity7 . Bronchial artery infusion of @entity10 induced @entity0 regression and stabilization. Peritoneal @entity2 was treated by arterial infusion of SMANCS, followed by percutaneous injection of absolute @entity9 , which ended in surgical @entity3 due to @entity8 formation. He had been well until right adrenal and left pulmonary @entity1 appeared. Resection of both @entity1 was carried out in 39-post hepatectomy month. Recurrent @entity5 was treated with two sessions of bronchial artery infusion with no effect this time. Video-assisted partial resection of the left lung was performed in 54 post-hepatectomy month. But his AFP level kept rising. Eventually pulmonary @entity1 recurred and @entity2 thrombus reached the left atrium 58 months after hepatectomy. He wanted no more treatment. He died of @entity6 caused by @entity2 thrombus. He enjoyed a good QOL for five years through multimodal loco-regional treatments.

title: [Successful treatment of multiple pulmonary and peritoneal recurrence of XXXX with bronchial artery infusion therapy and PEIT followed by surgery--a case report].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is associated with a higher rate of @entity1 . However, data about prevalence rates of @entity4 in @entity0 suffering from @entity1 as well as the relation to blood pressure (BP) control are lacking. METHODS: We recruited 145 @entity0 with primary @entity1 from March to November 2012 at the cardiologic outpatient clinic at Ulm University Medical Center. Symptoms of @entity4 (assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale; Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress), @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 and @entity3 Scale) were assessed by self-report. Office BP was measured and medical data were collected. RESULTS: Criteria for a full @entity4 syndrome were met by 13 @entity0 (9%). Posttraumatic stress was higher in the group of @entity0 with controlled (M=10.9, S.D.=9.8) than in those with uncontrolled @entity1 (M=3.9, S.D.=5.4; P<.001). In linear regression, only status of @entity1 control (beta=.39, P<.001) predicted posttraumatic stress significantly, even after controlling for important cofactors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is highly prevalent in @entity1 @entity0 , especially in those with controlled @entity1 . An explaining mechanism could be the higher use of health care by @entity0 suffering from @entity4 . The mental needs of these @entity0 should be focused in addition to the well-established somatic care.

title: High prevalence of posttraumatic stress in @entity0 with primary XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is associated with a higher rate of @entity1 . However, data about prevalence rates of @entity4 in @entity0 suffering from @entity1 as well as the relation to blood pressure (BP) control are lacking. METHODS: We recruited 145 @entity0 with primary @entity1 from March to November 2012 at the cardiologic outpatient clinic at Ulm University Medical Center. Symptoms of @entity4 (assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale; Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress), @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 and @entity3 Scale) were assessed by self-report. Office BP was measured and medical data were collected. RESULTS: Criteria for a full @entity4 syndrome were met by 13 @entity0 (9%). Posttraumatic stress was higher in the group of @entity0 with controlled (M=10.9, S.D.=9.8) than in those with uncontrolled @entity1 (M=3.9, S.D.=5.4; P<.001). In linear regression, only status of @entity1 control (beta=.39, P<.001) predicted posttraumatic stress significantly, even after controlling for important cofactors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is highly prevalent in @entity1 @entity0 , especially in those with controlled @entity1 . An explaining mechanism could be the higher use of health care by @entity0 suffering from @entity4 . The mental needs of these @entity0 should be focused in addition to the well-established somatic care.

title: High prevalence of posttraumatic stress in XXXX with primary @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 cells are resistant to radiation in part due to their capacity to repair sublethal damage. A large fraction dose is therefore often utilized. However, if the @entity1 is located close to critical structures with modest tolerance, high fraction doses increase the risk for late complications compared with standard fractionation, but using the latter alone risks the desired outcome. Concurrent systemic biotherapy with standard radiation fractions may therefore represent an acceptable compromise. The outcome of concurrent systemic interferon-alpha ( @entity5 ) and radiation in three @entity0 with @entity2 was evaluated. Standard radiation fractions were used because of the radiosensitizing properties of @entity5 . Acute @entity3 was significant and required treatment interruptions. However, all side effects subsided following treatment. All three @entity0 achieved local control at follow-up periods of 24, 18 and 19 months, respectively. One @entity0 developed widespread distant metastases. The combination of @entity5 with radiation is considered feasible in terms of outcome and should be investigated with a larger cohort of @entity0 . @entity3 is significant, and the addition of radioprotectors could be desirable.

title: Concurrent interferon-alpha and radiation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Many diagnostic and treatment modalities for bone @entity1 are available. They include biomarker examination, imaging techniques, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, palliation, and rehabilitation, among others. Diagnosis of the disease and administration of these treatments require caregivers and other medical personnel including medical oncologists for @entity2 , radiologists, pathologists, orthopedists, radiotherapists, palliative care doctors, rehabilitation doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, psychologists, and medical social workers. In multidisciplinary teamwork, knowledge of the potency of each intervention performed for the @entity0 is important to improve treatment outcomes. Therefore, guidelines can contribute to better understanding and collaboration of one intervention with another. Guidelines should be based on medical evidences obtained from clinical studies that yield highly reliable results. Evidences for the treatment of bone @entity1 are still lacking. Especially, the evidences for multi-modal treatment are rarely of described. In 2015, the Japanese Society for Medical Oncology released guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases. These guidelines aim to improve clinical procedures and treatment outcomes. In these guidelines, we described the current measures applicable for the treatment and care of @entity0 with bone @entity1 , the cost of which is covered by Japanese medical insurance. During the development of these guidelines, we recognized unsolved clinical questions in some parts of this field. Although the development of these guidelines is just a step toward improvement of treatment outcomes in @entity0 with bone metastases, we hope that these guidelines are beneficial for such @entity0 .

title: [Concept and Overview of JSMO Guidelines for the Treatment of Bone XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioid prescribing/dispensing data can inform policy surrounding regulation by informing trends and types of opioid prescribed and geographic variations. In Australia so far only partial data on dispensing have been published, and data for states/territories remain unknown. AIM: Using a range of measures this study examines 20-year (1992-2011) trends in prescription opioid analgesics in Australia - both nationally and for individual jurisdictions. METHODS: Dispensing data were obtained from the Drug Utilisation Sub-Committee and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) websites. Trends in numbers of prescriptions and @entity4 ( @entity4 )/1000 @entity0 /day were examined over time, and across states/territories. Seasonal variations in PBS/Repatriation-PBS items for nationwide dispensing were adjusted using a centered moving smoothing technique. RESULTS: In two decades 165.32 million prescriptions for opioid were dispensed, with @entity5 and its derivatives the most prescribed formulation (50.1%) followed by @entity3 (13.5%) and @entity2 derivatives (12.7%). In terms of @entity4 /1000 @entity0 /day, dispensing increased from 19.87 in 1992 to 55.11 in 2011. There are significant increasing trends for total, PBS/RPBS and under co-payment prescriptions (priced below @entity0 co-payment). The @entity4 /1000 @entity0 /day for items dispensed through PBS/RPBS was highest in Tasmania. CONCLUSION: Prescription opioid dispensing substantially increased over the study period. With an ageing population this trend is likely to continue in future. A growing concern about harms associated with opioid use warrants balanced control measures so that harms could be minimized without reducing effective @entity1 treatment. Research examining utilisation in small geographic areas may help design spatially tailored interventions. A real-time drug monitoring program may reduce undue prescribing and dispensing.

title: Prescription opioid analgesics for XXXX management in Australia: twenty years of dispensing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The utility of surgical resection of solitary metastatic sites in @entity3 remains controversial. Additionally, the small literature detailing the role of surgical management suggests that @entity0 who have surgical resection of metachronous @entity1 have a better outcome than those presenting synchronously. We reviewed the medical records of all @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent nephrectomy at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 1980 and 1993. @entity0 who had undergone surgical resection of metastatic disease, either at presentation or subsequent to their nephrectomy, were identified. Clinical parameters, time to treatment failure, and survival was evaluated. Eighteen @entity0 underwent surgical resection of @entity1 , 7 were synchronous to their nephrectomy, and 11 developed metachronous @entity1 . @entity2 in both groups included @entity1 to lung, bone, liver, brain, and soft tissue. The median survival of all @entity0 from time of resection to death or last follow-up was 5.7 years (range, 2 days to 10.7+ years). Two @entity0 remain alive, both with recurrent disease at 5.3 and 10.7 years. Mean time from nephrectomy to death was 2.69 years for the synchronous group and 5.97 years for the metachronous group (p = 0.0599). The role of surgical resection in @entity3 remains unproven. The survival of this population is significantly longer than that typical for the disease. In our experience there is no difference in time to treatment failure or survival between synchronous and metachronous resection of metastatic disease.

title: Surgical resection of XXXX : The University of Iowa experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) agonists are widely used in @entity1 . Approximately 10% of @entity0 have severe, poorly controlled disease despite extensive use of @entity2 agonists. Variations in responses to @entity2 agonists can, in part, be attributed to genetic variation, with 49 different polymorphisms having been identified for the @entity2 gene. Although clear associations exist between @entity2 gene polymorphisms, such as @entity3 , and @entity0 response, the importance of these polymorphisms remains controversial. @entity0 selection, the number of polymorphisms analysed, differences in the type/dose of @entity2 agonist, use of inhaled corticosteroids and population sizes have all varied. Most studies were limited to mild or moderate asthmatics using @entity2 agonists sparingly. It is difficult to extrapolate from these studies to individual @entity0 who have severe @entity1 , use a variety of @entity2 agonists and do so frequently. The extent to which @entity2 gene polymorphisms are relevant to @entity1 management needs further review, both clinically and at the molecular level. In vitro studies have helped to define the functional changes induced by specific @entity2 gene polymorphisms, including 3'-untranslated region poly-C repeat. The resulting @entity2 gene haplotypes (rather than genotypes), the interactions among @entity2 gene haplotypes and variations in the chemistry of different agonists deserve more detailed assessment. Responses to @entity2 agonists depend on effective downstream signalling following @entity2 activation and also on receptor regulation. Studies on other regulators of @entity2 receptor signalling and trafficking may be equally important in understanding the functional role of @entity2 gene polymorphisms. The role of @entity2 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis and management of severe @entity1 cannot be clearly defined until more specific and targeted research studies are performed.

title: Pharmacogenetics of b2 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms, long-acting b-agonists and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The use of @entity3 or hormone replacement therapy ( @entity8 /HRT) in preventing disease in menopausal @entity0 has been well documented. Less attention has been paid to the menopausal symptoms that can impair the quality of life of menopausal @entity0 , such as hot flushes, @entity1 , @entity4 , and alterations in mood. Researchers have used a variety of methods to investigate these concerns. @entity2 that occur with menopause have been implicated in these symptoms. Ovarian hormones affect the central nervous system and urogenital tissues directly via receptors for @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity7 . Changes in the symptoms of menopause consequential to @entity3 therapy reflect the effect of this therapy on these tissues. Evidence supporting the effectiveness of @entity8 /HRT in the treatment of symptoms affecting quality of life is growing and supports the use of @entity8 /HRT during menopause. Because the most dramatic hormonal changes associated with menopause are related to @entity3 and because @entity3 is usually coadministered with a progestogen in @entity0 with an intact uterus, this review is focused primarily on @entity8 /HRT. Because @entity5 therapy may also improve quality of life by enhancing perimenopausal and postmenopausal sexual desire, function, and general well-being, a brief discussion of @entity5 supplementation of @entity8 /HRT is also included. The ideal doses and combinations of hormones must be determined on an individual basis, taking into consideration benefits, risks, and interactions of the different hormone therapies.

title: Quality of life and menopause: the role of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is frequently associated with new bone formation although the @entity1 -derived factors responsible for changes in bone cell function have not been identified. We have examined the synthesis of osteoblast-stimulating factors in a cultured @entity0 @entity3 cell line (PC-3) and show that conditioned medium from PC-3 cells stimulate mitogenesis and alkaline phosphatase in cells with the osteoblast phenotype (cultured @entity2 @entity4 cells) and collagen synthesis in fetal @entity2 calvaria. In order to characterize @entity1 -derived gene products which stimulate cells of the osteoblast phenotype messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from PC-3 cells and microinjected into @entity6 oocytes. mRNA-directed translation products which were secreted into the oocyte medium were collected and assayed for a number of osteoblast stimulating properties. Translation products from PC-3 mRNA-injected oocytes stimulated division of cultured @entity4 cells by 8-fold and increased DNA synthesis as measured by incorporation of @entity5 into these cells. In addition, @entity1 -derived translation products stimulated the production of alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme for bone formation, in cultured @entity4 cells. Oocytes injected either with water or with mRNA from a @entity1 not associated with bone formation were devoid of these activities. Total mRNA from the @entity0 @entity3 cells was then denatured and fractionated by size by agarose gel electrophoresis. When individual fractions of mRNA were eluted from the gel, translated in @entity6 oocytes, and the secreted translation products were tested for alkaline phosphatase-stimulating activity on osteoblast-like cells, the majority of the activity could be recovered in a mRNA fraction which was approximately 1800 bases in length. These results indicate that the @entity3 cell line synthesizes a mRNA of approximately 1800 bases which codes for a heretofore unrecognized osteoblast-stimulating factor.

title: Identification of a messenger ribonucleic acid fraction in @entity0 XXXX cells coding for a novel osteoblast-stimulating factor.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is frequently associated with new bone formation although the @entity1 -derived factors responsible for changes in bone cell function have not been identified. We have examined the synthesis of osteoblast-stimulating factors in a cultured @entity0 @entity3 cell line (PC-3) and show that conditioned medium from PC-3 cells stimulate mitogenesis and alkaline phosphatase in cells with the osteoblast phenotype (cultured @entity2 @entity4 cells) and collagen synthesis in fetal @entity2 calvaria. In order to characterize @entity1 -derived gene products which stimulate cells of the osteoblast phenotype messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from PC-3 cells and microinjected into @entity6 oocytes. mRNA-directed translation products which were secreted into the oocyte medium were collected and assayed for a number of osteoblast stimulating properties. Translation products from PC-3 mRNA-injected oocytes stimulated division of cultured @entity4 cells by 8-fold and increased DNA synthesis as measured by incorporation of @entity5 into these cells. In addition, @entity1 -derived translation products stimulated the production of alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme for bone formation, in cultured @entity4 cells. Oocytes injected either with water or with mRNA from a @entity1 not associated with bone formation were devoid of these activities. Total mRNA from the @entity0 @entity3 cells was then denatured and fractionated by size by agarose gel electrophoresis. When individual fractions of mRNA were eluted from the gel, translated in @entity6 oocytes, and the secreted translation products were tested for alkaline phosphatase-stimulating activity on osteoblast-like cells, the majority of the activity could be recovered in a mRNA fraction which was approximately 1800 bases in length. These results indicate that the @entity3 cell line synthesizes a mRNA of approximately 1800 bases which codes for a heretofore unrecognized osteoblast-stimulating factor.

title: Identification of a messenger ribonucleic acid fraction in XXXX @entity3 cells coding for a novel osteoblast-stimulating factor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation of bone @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 and to determine the diagnostic value of imaging techniques and markers of bone metabolism. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed on the entire group of @entity0 with @entity2 treated in our hospital from January 1992 to May 1999. Only @entity0 with metastasized @entity2 were included. RESULTS: Eleven of 90 @entity0 (12%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 5%-19%) with a metastasized @entity2 had symptomatic bone @entity1 . All bone @entity1 occurred in 55 @entity0 with @entity5 (20%; 95% CI, 9%-31%). Plain radiography had a sensitivity of 44% (95% CI, 12%-76%); MRI, 100% (95% CI, 61%-100%); bone scintigraphy, 90% (95% CI, 72%-100%); and octreotide scintigraphy, 60% (95% CI, 35%-93%). In 9 @entity0 , both octreotide scintigraphy and bone scintigraphy were performed. Of 45 @entity3 , 22 (49%) were visualized by both modalities, 13 (29%) were visualized with octreotide scintigraphy but not with bone scintigraphy, and 10 (22%) were visualized with bone scintigraphy but not with octreotide scintigraphy. In 2 @entity0 , octreotide scintigraphy and bone scintigraphy provided complementary results. Markers of bone metabolism could not discriminate @entity5 @entity0 from those without bone @entity1 . The markers of bone metabolism did not reflect the osteolytic or osteoblastic appearance of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 is the principal symptom of bone @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Plain radiography and markers of bone metabolism do not contribute to the diagnosis of bone @entity1 . MRI has a high sensitivity for bone @entity1 . Both bone scintigraphy and octreotide scintigraphy have acceptable sensitivity and can provide complementary results.

title: Bone XXXX in @entity2 : clinical features, imaging characteristics, and markers of bone metabolism.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation of bone @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 and to determine the diagnostic value of imaging techniques and markers of bone metabolism. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed on the entire group of @entity0 with @entity2 treated in our hospital from January 1992 to May 1999. Only @entity0 with metastasized @entity2 were included. RESULTS: Eleven of 90 @entity0 (12%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 5%-19%) with a metastasized @entity2 had symptomatic bone @entity1 . All bone @entity1 occurred in 55 @entity0 with @entity5 (20%; 95% CI, 9%-31%). Plain radiography had a sensitivity of 44% (95% CI, 12%-76%); MRI, 100% (95% CI, 61%-100%); bone scintigraphy, 90% (95% CI, 72%-100%); and octreotide scintigraphy, 60% (95% CI, 35%-93%). In 9 @entity0 , both octreotide scintigraphy and bone scintigraphy were performed. Of 45 @entity3 , 22 (49%) were visualized by both modalities, 13 (29%) were visualized with octreotide scintigraphy but not with bone scintigraphy, and 10 (22%) were visualized with bone scintigraphy but not with octreotide scintigraphy. In 2 @entity0 , octreotide scintigraphy and bone scintigraphy provided complementary results. Markers of bone metabolism could not discriminate @entity5 @entity0 from those without bone @entity1 . The markers of bone metabolism did not reflect the osteolytic or osteoblastic appearance of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 is the principal symptom of bone @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Plain radiography and markers of bone metabolism do not contribute to the diagnosis of bone @entity1 . MRI has a high sensitivity for bone @entity1 . Both bone scintigraphy and octreotide scintigraphy have acceptable sensitivity and can provide complementary results.

title: Bone @entity1 in XXXX : clinical features, imaging characteristics, and markers of bone metabolism.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports on the treatment of a @entity3 due to developmental @entity5 have documented conflicting data on the importance of the ossific nucleus in the development of @entity1 . @entity2 until the ossific nucleus is present bypasses the time-period of maximal osseous remodeling of the hip, thereby possibly increasing the need for future operations. We hypothesized that hips with an ossific nucleus are more likely to have subsequent reconstructive procedures. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records at two tertiary-care @entity0 's hospitals was completed to identify all @entity0 who had had reduction of a @entity3 due to developmental @entity5 , performed between 1979 and 1993, when they were less than two years old. @entity0 were excluded if the medical records or radiographs were inadequate, the duration of follow-up was less than three years after the final reduction, a previous reduction had been performed at an outside facility, or the @entity0 had a @entity6 or a teratologic dislocation. We identified 124 @entity0 (153 hips) who satisfied the criteria for inclusion. The average age at the time of the reduction was eleven months, and the average duration of follow-up was 7.2 years. RESULTS: Overall, fourteen of the sixty-three hips without an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: thirteen had a @entity4 of the proximal part of the femur and one had a combined pelvic and varus rotational femoral osteotomy. Forty of the ninety hips with an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: twenty-seven had a @entity4 , eight had a pelvic osteotomy, and five had a combined pelvic and @entity4 (p < 0.05). In addition, secondary reconstructive procedures were performed in 17% (ten) of the fifty-nine @entity0 who were less than six months old and in 35% (thirty-three) of the ninety-four @entity0 who were at least six months old, which was a greater than twofold increase. The effect of age was further emphasized at the other age cutoff points. CONCLUSION: Delaying the reduction of a dislocated hip until the appearance of the ossific nucleus more than doubles the need for future surgery to make the hip as anatomically normal as possible. Despite finding a slight increase in the rate of @entity1 after reduction of the hips without an ossific nucleus, we advocate early reduction of a dislocation of a hip due to developmental @entity5 to optimize the development of the hip with the minimum number of operations

title: Reduction of a XXXX due to developmental @entity5 . Implications for the need for future surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports on the treatment of a @entity3 due to developmental @entity5 have documented conflicting data on the importance of the ossific nucleus in the development of @entity1 . @entity2 until the ossific nucleus is present bypasses the time-period of maximal osseous remodeling of the hip, thereby possibly increasing the need for future operations. We hypothesized that hips with an ossific nucleus are more likely to have subsequent reconstructive procedures. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records at two tertiary-care @entity0 's hospitals was completed to identify all @entity0 who had had reduction of a @entity3 due to developmental @entity5 , performed between 1979 and 1993, when they were less than two years old. @entity0 were excluded if the medical records or radiographs were inadequate, the duration of follow-up was less than three years after the final reduction, a previous reduction had been performed at an outside facility, or the @entity0 had a @entity6 or a teratologic dislocation. We identified 124 @entity0 (153 hips) who satisfied the criteria for inclusion. The average age at the time of the reduction was eleven months, and the average duration of follow-up was 7.2 years. RESULTS: Overall, fourteen of the sixty-three hips without an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: thirteen had a @entity4 of the proximal part of the femur and one had a combined pelvic and varus rotational femoral osteotomy. Forty of the ninety hips with an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: twenty-seven had a @entity4 , eight had a pelvic osteotomy, and five had a combined pelvic and @entity4 (p < 0.05). In addition, secondary reconstructive procedures were performed in 17% (ten) of the fifty-nine @entity0 who were less than six months old and in 35% (thirty-three) of the ninety-four @entity0 who were at least six months old, which was a greater than twofold increase. The effect of age was further emphasized at the other age cutoff points. CONCLUSION: Delaying the reduction of a dislocated hip until the appearance of the ossific nucleus more than doubles the need for future surgery to make the hip as anatomically normal as possible. Despite finding a slight increase in the rate of @entity1 after reduction of the hips without an ossific nucleus, we advocate early reduction of a dislocation of a hip due to developmental @entity5 to optimize the development of the hip with the minimum number of operations

title: Reduction of a @entity3 due to developmental XXXX . Implications for the need for future surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intermediate outcome of @entity2 of the tibial plafond treated with current techniques has not been reported, to our knowledge. The purpose of this study, performed at a minimum of five years after injury, was to determine the effect of these @entity2 on ankle function, @entity1 , and general health status and to determine which factors predict favorable and unfavorable outcomes. METHODS: Fifty-six ankles (fifty-two @entity0 ) with a @entity2 were treated with a uniform technique consisting of application of a monolateral hinged transarticular external fixator coupled with screw fixation of the articular surface. Thirty-one @entity0 with thirty-five involved ankles returned between five and twelve years after the injury for a physical examination, assessment of @entity1 and function with the Iowa Ankle Score and Ankle @entity3 Scale, assessment of general health status with the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and radiographic examination of the ankle. RESULTS: Arthrodesis had been performed on five of the forty ankles for which the outcome was known at a minimum of five years after the injury. Other than removal of prominent screws (two @entity0 ), no other surgical procedure had been performed on any @entity0 . The average Iowa Ankle Score was 78 points (range, 28 to 96 points). The scores on the SF-36 and Ankle @entity3 Scale demonstrated a long-term negative effect of the injury on general health and on @entity1 and function when compared with those parameters in age-matched controls. The degree of @entity3 was grade 0 in three ankles, grade 1 in six, grade 2 in twenty, and grade 3 in six. The majority of @entity0 had some limitation with regard to recreational activities, with an inability to run being the most common complaint (twenty-seven of the thirty-one @entity0 ). Fourteen @entity0 changed jobs because of the @entity4 . Fifteen ankles were rated by the @entity0 as excellent; ten, as good; seven, as fair; and one, as poor. Nine @entity0 with previously recorded ankle scores had better scores after the longer follow-up interval. The @entity0 perceived that their condition had improved for an average of 2.4 years after the injury. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2 have an intermediate-term negative effect on ankle function and @entity1 and on general health, few @entity0 require secondary reconstructive procedures and symptoms tend to decrease for a long time after healing.

title: XXXX . How do these ankles function over time?

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Animal models are a useful tool for the evaluation of disease mechanisms and also for technologies for diagnosis and treatment. In this study we performed a descriptive analysis of the functional and structural cardiac changes occurred as a result of acute @entity5 in @entity6 and its evolution during 5 weeks. METHODS: 19-Large White @entity6 , weighing 20kg, randomized into 3-experimental series were used. After sternotomy, anterior descending coronary artery was occluded. Duration of occlusion: Series 1 (n=6) 60min; series 2 (n=8) 90min; series 3 (n=5) 60min followed for 5 weeks. The following parameters where then analyzed: global cardiac function (ECG, left ventricular and atrium pressures, aortic flow and @entity1 ), regional contractility, troponin T and CK-MB levels, macroscopic and histological analyzes. RESULTS: @entity5 transiently altered the global cardiac function and produced increased cell damage markers, impaired regional contractility and produced histological changes. The increment of ischemic time (60 vs. 90min) increased @entity4 size (13.4  5.4% vs. 22.9  7.8 S1 S2%; P=.04). After 5 weeks, morphological remodelling changes were evident. In 79% of cases @entity0 triggered @entity7 . CONCLUSION: The porcine open chest model of @entity2 and reperfusion is valid for studying the pathophysiology of @entity0 , allows direct analysis of regional myocardial function and is easily retrievable in the event of serious @entity3 .

title: [Comparative study of functional and structural changes produced in a porcine model of acute and chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the results of a minimally invasive technique for correcting female stress urinary @entity2 by transvaginal implantation of pubic bone anchors. @entity0 AND METHODS: Female stress urinary @entity2 was treated by fixing a gelatin-coated Dacron sling between two miniature @entity3 anchors with Prolene sutures. RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity0 (median age 57.2 years) underwent the sling procedure. The follow-up examination was performed after 11.4 months on average. @entity4 showed a median improvement from grade 2 to grade 0.5 (p = 0.01), although only 16 of the 26 @entity0 were completely continent. Urethral pressure and functional length were not significantly influenced. @entity1 was seen in 14 of the 26 @entity0 (53.8%), and 13 of them underwent revision. All @entity0 affected (15/26, 57.7%) as well as 1 with uneventful healing showed sensory urge symptoms or detrusor instability (7/26, 26.9%). The correlation between @entity1 and detrusor instability was highly significant (p < 0.003). 17 of the 26 @entity0 (65.3%) were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the intervention. The unfavorable results did not significantly correlate with the @entity0 ' age, the number of previous operations, or the surgeon's skill. CONCLUSION: In view of the poor vaginal wound healing and the resultant irritative symptoms, transvaginal bone anchoring with fixation of a Dacron sling must be regarded as an unsuitable technique.

title: Transvaginal bone anchors in female stress urinary XXXX : poor results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the pelvis, attempting to identify prognostic factors to select @entity0 for more aggressive treatment. Seventy-seven @entity0 with nonmetastatic @entity4 of the pelvis were treated at Rizzoli Institute between 1979 and 1996. Four different protocols of chemotherapy were used successively. Two protocols consisted of VACAc, and two of VACAc plus @entity3 and @entity5 . Local treatment consisted of surgery in 5 @entity0 , radiotherapy in 60, and surgery followed by radiotherapy in 12. Mean follow-up was 11 years (range 5-25 years). Thirty-three @entity0 remained continuously free of disease; 43 relapsed (24 due to @entity1 and 19 to local recurrence and @entity1 ); 1 died of treatment-related complications. The 5- and 10-year event-free survival rates were 45% and 44%, respectively, and the 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 48 and 44. These results are significantly worse than the ones achieved in 329 contemporary @entity0 with extrapelvic lesions treated with the same protocols of chemotherapy (5- and 10-year event-free survival = 46% vs. 64% and 44% vs. 69%). Thus, despite associated chemotherapy, the outcome of @entity4 localized in the pelvis remains poor, and new innovative methods for the treatment of this @entity2 are needed.

title: Multimodal therapy for the treatment of nonmetastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 due to chronic soft tissue injury of the neck and shoulder is a commonly encountered and frequently occurring condition. Traditional Chinese medicine is a common course of treatment for soft tissue injury and may have better therapeutic effects than biomedical options. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine warming meridians to nourish blood on @entity2 due to soft tissue injury in the neck and shoulder. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity0 AND INTERVENTIONS: A random and control method was adopted. Sixty-three @entity0 with @entity5 and shoulder due to chronic soft tissue injury, presenting with @entity3 and @entity4 , were randomly divided into treatment group (n=32) and control group (n=31). There was a drop-out case in treatment group. All the @entity0 were collected from the clinic service of the Department of Rehabilitation at the General Hospital of the @entity0 's Liberation Army. @entity0 received oral and written information about clinical procedures before signing their written informed consent. @entity0 in the treatment group were treated with Chinese herbal decoctions for warming meridians to nourish blood and cervical traction. @entity0 in the control group were treated with cervical traction. The course of treatment was 14 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record test data in the two groups before and after treatment, and therapeutic effect was compared after treatment between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, VAS scores of the treatment group and the control group were decreased as compared with before treatment (t=5.01, P<0.01; t=4.91, P<0.01). Difference of VAS scores between before and after treatment in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (t=2.44, P0.05). CONCLUSION: The treatment method of warming meridians to nourish blood combined with cervical traction has better therapeutic effect than only applying traction for @entity2 due to soft tissue injury of the neck and shoulder.

title: [A traditional Chinese medicine therapy warming meridians to nourish blood in treating XXXX due to soft tissue injury of the neck and shoulder: a randomized controlled trial].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the role of endoscopic surgery for acquired @entity7 after radiotherapy for @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 with bilateral or unilateral acquired @entity7 received transnasal endoscopic surgery with the aid of a powered microdebrider to open @entity2 choana and received endoscopic sinus surgery simultaneously if they had @entity3 . Merocel @entity4 packing was used to pack the nasal airway for 3 days postoperatively. All of the @entity0 underwent endoscopy regularly for follow-up. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 with acquired bilateral @entity7 and 6 with unilateral @entity7 were included in this study. The median age was 46 years old (range, 33-65 years). Twenty-one @entity0 had @entity3 . Sixteen @entity0 with bilateral @entity7 and 4 @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 had bilateral @entity3 . One @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 had ipsilateral @entity3 . The mean follow-up period was 35 months (range, 12-72 months) after surgery. Twenty @entity0 were symptom-free after a single operation; nasal obstruction, @entity6 , and @entity5 improved significantly for these @entity0 . Two @entity0 had unilateral restenosis that required revision surgery, and both were subsequently free from further restenosis. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Acquired posterior @entity7 after radiotherapy can be successfully treated with transnasal endoscopic resection assisted by a powered instrument without stenting.

title: Endoscopic surgery for acquired @entity7 after radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the role of endoscopic surgery for acquired @entity7 after radiotherapy for @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 with bilateral or unilateral acquired @entity7 received transnasal endoscopic surgery with the aid of a powered microdebrider to open @entity2 choana and received endoscopic sinus surgery simultaneously if they had @entity3 . Merocel @entity4 packing was used to pack the nasal airway for 3 days postoperatively. All of the @entity0 underwent endoscopy regularly for follow-up. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 with acquired bilateral @entity7 and 6 with unilateral @entity7 were included in this study. The median age was 46 years old (range, 33-65 years). Twenty-one @entity0 had @entity3 . Sixteen @entity0 with bilateral @entity7 and 4 @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 had bilateral @entity3 . One @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 had ipsilateral @entity3 . The mean follow-up period was 35 months (range, 12-72 months) after surgery. Twenty @entity0 were symptom-free after a single operation; nasal obstruction, @entity6 , and @entity5 improved significantly for these @entity0 . Two @entity0 had unilateral restenosis that required revision surgery, and both were subsequently free from further restenosis. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Acquired posterior @entity7 after radiotherapy can be successfully treated with transnasal endoscopic resection assisted by a powered instrument without stenting.

title: Endoscopic surgery for acquired XXXX after radiotherapy for @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between resting @entity4 (REE) and body composition in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: University Research Centre. SUBJECTS: Nine Duchenne @entity0 (age range 6-12 y), mean relative weight 128%, agreed to undergo the investigation and all of them completed the study; INTERVENTIONS: Assessment of body composition (total body fat and skeletal muscle mass) by magnetic resonance imaging and resting @entity4 by indirect calorimetry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fat mass (FM; kg and percentage weight), @entity2 ( @entity2 ; kg and percentage weight), muscle mass (kg and percentage weight), resting @entity4 (kJ/kg body weight and kJ/kg @entity2 ). RESULTS: : In Duchenne @entity0 fat mass averages 32% and total skeletal muscle mass 20% of body weight. Resting @entity4 per kg of body weight falls within the normal range for @entity0 of the same age range, while when expressed per kg of @entity2 is significantly higher than reference values. No relationship was found between REE and total skeletal muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not demonstrate a low REE in @entity3 @entity0 ; on the contrary REE per kg of @entity2 is higher than normal, probably due to the altered @entity2 composition. We suggest that the development of @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 is not primarily due to a low REE but to other causes such as a reduction in physical activity and or overfeeding.

title: Body composition and XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between resting @entity4 (REE) and body composition in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: University Research Centre. SUBJECTS: Nine Duchenne @entity0 (age range 6-12 y), mean relative weight 128%, agreed to undergo the investigation and all of them completed the study; INTERVENTIONS: Assessment of body composition (total body fat and skeletal muscle mass) by magnetic resonance imaging and resting @entity4 by indirect calorimetry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fat mass (FM; kg and percentage weight), @entity2 ( @entity2 ; kg and percentage weight), muscle mass (kg and percentage weight), resting @entity4 (kJ/kg body weight and kJ/kg @entity2 ). RESULTS: : In Duchenne @entity0 fat mass averages 32% and total skeletal muscle mass 20% of body weight. Resting @entity4 per kg of body weight falls within the normal range for @entity0 of the same age range, while when expressed per kg of @entity2 is significantly higher than reference values. No relationship was found between REE and total skeletal muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not demonstrate a low REE in @entity3 @entity0 ; on the contrary REE per kg of @entity2 is higher than normal, probably due to the altered @entity2 composition. We suggest that the development of @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 is not primarily due to a low REE but to other causes such as a reduction in physical activity and or overfeeding.

title: Body composition and @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have extended our previous analysis of the pedigree rate of control-region divergence in the @entity0 mitochondrial genome. One new germline mutation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was detected among 185 transmission events (generations) from five @entity1 ( @entity1 ) pedigrees. Pooling the @entity1 pedigree analyses yields a control-region divergence rate of 1.0 mutation/bp/10(6) years ( @entity2 ). When the results from eight published studies that used a similar approach were pooled with the @entity1 pedigree studies, totaling >2,600 transmission events, a pedigree divergence rate of 0.95 mutations/bp/ @entity2 for the control region was obtained with a 99.5% confidence interval of 0.53-1.57. Taken together, the cumulative results support the original conclusion that the pedigree divergence rate for the control region is approximately 10-fold higher than that obtained with phylogenetic analyses. There is no evidence that any one factor explains this discrepancy, and the possible roles of mutational hotspots (rate heterogeneity), selection, and random genetic drift and the limitations of phylogenetic approaches to deal with high levels of homoplasy are discussed. In addition, we have extended our pedigree analysis of divergence in the mtDNA coding region. Finally, divergence of complete mtDNA sequences was analyzed in two tissues, white blood cells and skeletal muscle, from each of 17 individuals. In three of these individuals, there were four instances in which an mtDNA mutation was found in one tissue but not in the other. These results are discussed in terms of the occurrence of somatic mtDNA mutations.

title: The pedigree rate of sequence divergence in the XXXX mitochondrial genome: there is a difference between phylogenetic and pedigree rates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previously we found that serum @entity3 (serum-T) correlated with the development of distant @entity1 in @entity0 with clinically localized @entity4 treated with radiotherapy. In this report, the relationship of serum-T to lymph node positivity and to @entity0 outcome for @entity0 with regional lymph node involvement treated with @entity5 ablation alone was investigated. Serum-T was available in 514 of 854 @entity0 with clinically localized @entity4 who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy at M.D. Anderson @entity2 Center between 1984 and 1993. Pretreatment prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and @entity6 (PSA) were assayed in 98% and 95% of @entity0 , respectively. @entity5 ablation was achieved via orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist. Median follow-up was 66 months for the node positive subgroup (n = 92). Serum-T did not correlate with palpable stage, Gleason score, pretreatment PSA, or lymph node involvement. Age     60 years and pretreatment PAP > 0.8 mU/ml correlated significantly with higher serum-T. In lymph node positive @entity0 treated with @entity5 ablation, higher serum-T levels corresponded to both pretreatment PSA > 10 ng/ml and @entity7 > 0.8 mU/ml. Serum-T predicted for biochemical failure, but not metastatic relapse or overall survival. Actuarial 5-year biochemical failure rate was 73% for serum T > 500 ng/dl and 57% for serum-T  <= 500 (p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis showed serum-T to be an independent correlate of rising PSA, both as a continuous (p = 0.001) or categorical (p = 0.037) variable. Serum-T did not significantly correlate with lymph node positivity, and therefore is not a marker for regional disease spread. However, serum-T was significantly associated with biochemical failure in node-positive @entity0 treated with @entity5 ablation alone.

title: Serum XXXX is not a correlate of prostate @entity2 , but does predict biochemical failure for lymph node positive disease.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previously we found that serum @entity3 (serum-T) correlated with the development of distant @entity1 in @entity0 with clinically localized @entity4 treated with radiotherapy. In this report, the relationship of serum-T to lymph node positivity and to @entity0 outcome for @entity0 with regional lymph node involvement treated with @entity5 ablation alone was investigated. Serum-T was available in 514 of 854 @entity0 with clinically localized @entity4 who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy at M.D. Anderson @entity2 Center between 1984 and 1993. Pretreatment prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and @entity6 (PSA) were assayed in 98% and 95% of @entity0 , respectively. @entity5 ablation was achieved via orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist. Median follow-up was 66 months for the node positive subgroup (n = 92). Serum-T did not correlate with palpable stage, Gleason score, pretreatment PSA, or lymph node involvement. Age     60 years and pretreatment PAP > 0.8 mU/ml correlated significantly with higher serum-T. In lymph node positive @entity0 treated with @entity5 ablation, higher serum-T levels corresponded to both pretreatment PSA > 10 ng/ml and @entity7 > 0.8 mU/ml. Serum-T predicted for biochemical failure, but not metastatic relapse or overall survival. Actuarial 5-year biochemical failure rate was 73% for serum T > 500 ng/dl and 57% for serum-T  <= 500 (p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis showed serum-T to be an independent correlate of rising PSA, both as a continuous (p = 0.001) or categorical (p = 0.037) variable. Serum-T did not significantly correlate with lymph node positivity, and therefore is not a marker for regional disease spread. However, serum-T was significantly associated with biochemical failure in node-positive @entity0 treated with @entity5 ablation alone.

title: Serum @entity3 is not a correlate of prostate XXXX , but does predict biochemical failure for lymph node positive disease.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term intraarticular (IA) @entity1 injections for knee @entity2 related to @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind trial, 68 @entity0 with @entity4 of the knee received IA injections of @entity5 40 mg (34 @entity0 ) or saline (34 @entity0 ) into the study knee every 3 months for up to 2 years. The primary outcome variable was radiologic progression of joint space narrowing of the injected knee after 2 years. Measurements of minimum joint space width were performed by an automated computerized method on standardized fluoroscopically guided radiographs taken with the @entity0 standing and with the knee in a semiflexed position. The clinical efficacy measure of primary interest was the @entity2 subscale from the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity4 Index (WOMAC). Efficacy measures of secondary interest were the total score on the WOMAC, physician's global assessment, @entity0 's global assessment, @entity0 's assessment of @entity2 , range of motion (ROM) of the affected knee, and 50-foot walking time. Clinical symptoms were assessed just before each injection. RESULTS: At the 1-year and 2-year followup evaluations, no difference was noted between the two treatment groups with respect to loss of joint space over time. The @entity1 -injected knees showed a trend toward greater symptom improvement, especially at 1 year, for the @entity2 subscale, night @entity2 , and ROM values (P = 0.05) compared with the saline-injected knees. Using area under the curve analyses, knee @entity2 and stiffness were significantly improved throughout the 2-year study by repeated injections of @entity5 , but not saline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the long-term safety of IA @entity1 injections for @entity0 with symptomatic knee @entity4 . No deleterious effects of the long-term administration of IA @entity3 on the anatomical structure of the knee were noted. Moreover, long-term treatment of knee @entity4 with repeated @entity1 injections appears to be clinically effective for the relief of symptoms of the disease.

title: Safety and efficacy of long-term intraarticular XXXX injections in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A low within-country variability and a large between-country variability in @entity3 incidence may indicate that ecologic factors are involved in the etiology of the disease. The aim of this study is to explore the within- and between-country variability of @entity3 incidence to motivate high-quality ecologic studies. We extracted age-standardized incidence rate estimates (world standard population) from 135 regions for the 10 most frequent invasive @entity3 in Europe for non-Hispanic white populations from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Volume X. We fitted weighted multilevel Poisson regression models with random country effects for each @entity3 and sex. We estimated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A high ICC indicates a low within and a high between-country variability of rates. The two @entity3 sites with the highest ICC among @entity1 were @entity4 (0.96, 95%CI: 0.92-0.99) and @entity5 (0.78, 0.64-0.93). Among @entity1 , high ICC were observed for @entity2 (0.84, 0.73-0.95) and @entity0 (0.80, 0.69-0.91). The two most prominent sex differences for ICC occurred for @entity3 of the head and neck ( @entity1 : 0.70, 0.55-0.85, @entity1 : 0.19, 0.08-0.30) and @entity0 ( @entity1 : 0.04, 0.01-0.07, @entity1 : 0.80, 0.69-0.91). ICCs were relatively low for @entity6 ( @entity1 : 0.23, 0.10-0.35; @entity1 : 0.13, 0.04-0.21) and @entity7 ( @entity1 : 0.12, 0.04-0.21; @entity1 : 0.08, 0.02-0.14). For @entity3 with high ICC for which systematic factors of the health care system, screening and diagnostic activities are not plausible explanations for between-country variations in incidence, cross-country sex-specific ecologic studies may be especially promising. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A novel method for identifying settings for well-motivated ecologic studies of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is evidence that the sleep and circadian systems play a role in @entity4 metabolism. In addition to physiological factors, sleep is also affected by behavioral, environmental, cultural and social factors. In this study, we examined whether morning or evening preference, sleep timing and sleep duration are associated with glycemic control in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 residing in Thailand. Two hundred and ten @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 who were not shift workers completed an interview and questionnaires to collect information on @entity1 history, habitual sleep duration and sleep timing. Chronotype, an individual's tendency for being a "morning" or "evening" @entity0 , was assessed using the Composite Score of Morningness (CSM), which reflects an individual's subjective preference for activities in the morning or evening, as well as mid-sleep time on weekend nights (MSF), which reflects their actual sleep behavior. Most recent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values were retrieved from medical records. Evening preference (as indicated by lower CSM), later bedtime on weekends, and @entity2 correlated with higher HbA1c (r   =   -0.18, p   =   0.01; r   =   0.17, p   =   0.01 and r   =   -0.17, p   =   0.01, respectively), while there was no association between MSF or wake up time and glycemic control. In addition, later bedtime on weekends significantly correlated with @entity2 (r   =   -0.34, p   <   0.001). Hierarchical regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, insulin use and @entity1 duration revealed that later bedtime on weekends was significantly associated with poorer glycemic control (B   =   0.018, p   =   0.02), while CSM was not. Mediation analysis revealed that this association was fully mediated by sleep duration. In summary, later bedtime on weekends was associated with @entity2 and poorer glycemic control in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 . It is likely that @entity0 with later weekend bedtimes curtail their sleep by waking up earlier. Exploring the potential reasons for this phenomenon (e.g. cultural influences, metropolitan lifestyle, environmental factors, family and social obligations) specific to a Thai population may help identify behavioral modifications (i.e. earlier bedtime and/or sleep duration extension) that could possibly lead to improved glycemic control in this population.

title: Relationships among sleep timing, sleep duration and glycemic control in Type 2 XXXX in Thailand.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) behavior change occurs through a series of steps when an individual becomes aware of a behavior, prepares to change, and executes those changes using certain processes. This model has not yet been used to describe @entity1 -reduction behavior change processes in resource-limited settings. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative analysis aimed to describe and characterize the stages and processes of change employed by female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya during the course of their participation in a 6-month @entity1 reduction intervention. METHODS: In 2011-2012, clinical interviews were conducted with 45 female sex workers. One interview was conducted each month during the intervention period, resulting in a total of six transcripts per @entity0 . During each interview, the counselor noted the @entity0 's stage of change and recent @entity1 use. The clinical notes were analyzed via qualitative coding techniques and organized into matrices to classify @entity1 reduction strategies discussed by @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity0 discussed using the stage-specific processes of change described by the @entity3 to reduce their @entity1 use and maintain the behavior change. @entity0 who were @entity2 -positive at the start of the intervention seemed to progress to the action/maintenance stage more quickly than @entity2 -negative @entity0 . Conclusions/Importance: Results suggest that the @entity3 constructs may be relevant in understanding the @entity1 reduction behavior change process of an at-risk population in a resource-limited setting. Future quantitative research should seek to validate the @entity3 's application internationally. @entity1 interventions should consider tailoring content to @entity0 ' stages of change and @entity2 -status for increased effectiveness.

title: Stages and Processes of Change Utilized by Female Sex Workers Participating in an XXXX -Reduction Intervention in Mombasa, Kenya.

answer: @entity1