abstract: OBJECTIVE: Restoration of a painless hip joint capable of bearing weight by uncemented implantation of a rotationally stable, modular revision stem anchored in the diaphysis. INDICATIONS: Prosthetic stem loosening with @entity2 (defect classification types I-III according to Paprosky). @entity4 with broken prosthesis. @entity6 . @entity1 . CONTRAINDICATIONS: Extensive osteolysis preventing diaphyseal anchorage of the prosthesis. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Transgluteal approach to the hip joint. Removal of the loose prosthetic stem and, if cemented, the bone cement as well. Excision of intramedullary granulation tissue. Reaming of the medullary cavity with flexible reaming shafts and form-fit, uncemented implantation of the star-shaped modular revision stem with diaphyseal press fit. If there is extensive loss of metaphyseal bone stock, augmentation with autogenous/allogenic bone should be performed. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Mobilization on two underarm crutches from the 1st postoperative day. Removal of the Redon drains after 48 h. Partial loading with 20 kg for 6 weeks postoperatively. If plain radiographs show unchanged seating of the prosthesis after 6 weeks, loading can be increased by 10 kg per week until full weight bearing is achieved; @entity5 prophylaxis is continued throughout. Radiologic checkups after 3, 6, and 12 months. After that, the @entity0 should be checked annually. RESULTS: 45 @entity0 (n = 48 prostheses) with an average age of 67.2 years (min.-max. 42.4-87.4 years) were investigated. The average implantation time of the Modular Revision Prosthesis @entity8 -TITAN revision stem was 4.7 years (min.-max. 1.0-9.0 years). The Harris Hip Score for Paprosky bone defect types I-III had increased from 25.6 preoperatively to 71.4 postoperatively at the time of the final follow-up (< or = 0.05). Extensively defective bone was diagnosed preoperatively in 32 @entity0 (> or = Paprosky IIB). Plain radiographs showed stable anchorage without @entity7 in 44 @entity0 . In one case, the stem (implantation time 2.36 years) was replaced due to increasing axial subsidence (> or = 5 mm). Good integration of bone graft with subsequent defect regeneration was seen in all @entity0 with bone transplant (n = 30). @entity3 occurred in six @entity0 and required closed reduction in four cases. Open reduction was performed in two @entity0 , whereby the external rotation angle of the prosthetic neck was corrected without dismantling the distally anchored prosthetic stem components. The mechanical failure rate over the follow-up period of 9 years was one out of the 48 prospectively investigated prostheses. Rate of survival according to Kaplan-Meier was 97%.

title: Uncemented femoral revision arthroplasty using the modular revision prosthesis XXXX -TITAN revision stem.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the progression of the clinical features from symptom onset to diagnosis in @entity0 with @entity6 . DESIGN: Retrospective case note review. @entity0 : Sixty @entity0 with @entity6 : 27 @entity0 from Nagoya University Hospital diagnosed between February 2004 and April 2008, and 33 @entity0 from Anjo Kosei Hospital diagnosed between April 1995 and December 2008. RESULTS: Various symptoms and signs were observed. The most common initial symptoms or signs were @entity4 (24.1%), @entity2 (17.2%), unsteadiness (10.3%), and paresis (10.3%). Sixteen @entity0 were diagnosed based on the initial symptom or sign alone; six, at routine medical check-ups or had perinatal diagnosis; and the remaining 38, based on one or more additional features following the initial symptom. Nine of the 10 @entity0 with @entity2 as the initial symptom subsequently developed either @entity4 (in seven) or unsteadiness with @entity3 (in two). Twelve of the 14 @entity0 with @entity4 as the initial symptom subsequently developed @entity2 (in three), unsteadiness (in five), or other manifestations of @entity5 (in four). The remaining 14 had varied initial symptoms and combinations of symptoms and signs associated with the @entity1 location. The median pre-diagnosis symptomatic interval was 20.5 days. There was no significant difference in the median symptomatic interval between @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity4 as the initial symptom and those with any neurological sign. CONCLUSION: @entity6 present with various initial symptoms and signs. Many are diagnosed as additional symptoms or signs develop. The clinical features exhibit several patterns of progression, which are related to the @entity1 location.

title: How do the clinical features of XXXX in childhood progress before diagnosis?

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of repeated cycles of @entity3 and regain as young adults on long-term weight development. DESIGN: A follow-up study with questionnaires in 1985, 1995 and 2001. SETTING: Finland. SUBJECTS: A national cohort of 1838 male elite athletes who had represented Finland in major international sport competitions in 1920-1965, including 370 @entity0 engaged in sports in which weight-related performance classes are associated with weight cycling (boxers, weight lifters and wrestlers; further called as weight cyclers), and 834 matched control @entity0 with no athletic background. OUTCOME MEASURE: Weight change since the age of 20 years, body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of @entity1 and overweight. RESULTS: The weight cyclers gained 5.2 BMI units from age 20 years to their maximum mean weight, which was at age 58.7 years. Corresponding figures for the controls were 4.2 BMI units at 58.5 years and for other athletes 3.3 BMI units at age 62.5 years. The proportion of @entity1 (BMI> or =30 kg/m(2)) subjects was greatest among the weight cyclers both in 1985 and 1995. In 2001, the weight cyclers were more often @entity1 than other athletes, but did not differ from the controls. The odds ratio for the weight cyclers to be @entity1 compared to other athletes in 1985 was 3.18 (95% confidence intervals 2.09-4.83), and compared to the controls 2.0 (1.35-2.96). The enhanced @entity4 of the weight cyclers was not accounted for by present health habits (smoking, @entity2 use, use of high-fat milk or physical activity) or weight at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated cycles of @entity3 and regain appear to enhance subsequent @entity4 and may predispose to @entity1 . Chronic dieting with weight cycling may be harmful for permanent weight control.

title: Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent XXXX in middleage.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent that the genetic and environmental factors contribute to the phenotypic correlations between @entity1 traits and age at menarche (AAM), and also to examine the influence of AAM on @entity1 in both pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 . METHODS: F ive hundred and twelve pedigrees with 2667 Caucasian female subjects from two to four generations were recruited. Fat mass and lean mass (both in kg) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) was calculated. We performed bivariate quantitative genetic analyses in the total sample containing 2667 Caucasian @entity0 . We also selected 206 unrelated premenopausal @entity0 and 140 unrelated postmenopausal @entity0 from the total sample, and computed the respective phenotypic correlation between @entity1 and AAM in these two subgroups. RESULTS: For fat mass, lean mass and BMI, we detected their significant negative genetic correlations with AAM after adjustment for significant covariates, which were -0.3170 (P<0.001), -0.1721 (P<0.05) and -0.3665 (P<0.001), respectively. However, their environmental correlations with AAM were all nonsignificant (P>0.05), ranging from -0.0016 to 0.0192. In the premenopausal subgroup, significant associations were observed between fat mass and AAM (rho=-0.231, P<0.01) as well as between BMI and AAM (rho=-0.257, P<0.01). In the postmenopausal subgroup, no such associations were observed. CONCLUSION: Our results for the first time suggested that significant phenotypic association between @entity1 phenotypes and AAM is mainly attributable to shared genetic rather than environmental factors, and AAM may have stronger effects on @entity1 phenotypes in pre- than in postmenopausal @entity0 .

title: Genetic and environmental correlations between XXXX phenotypes and age at menarche.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to evaluate whether @entity3 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) reflects disease activity in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Eighty-eight subjects who were normal (n=66) or who had proven @entity1 (n=22) underwent FDG-PET and CT imaging. The subjects included 55 @entity0 and 33 @entity0 , ranging in age from 24 to 63 years (mean 47 years). PET and CT data sets were digitally fused using a conformational PET/CT fusion algorithm. All scans were evaluated independently by two chest radiologists who were unaware of other clinical data. The visual score, maximal and mean standardised uptake value (SUV), and maximal and mean lesion-to-normal tissue ratio (LNR) were calculated. The imaging results were compared with the laboratory and pulmonary function test results. The inflammatory cells in the lesions were quantified immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The visual score, maximal and mean SUV, and maximal and mean LNR of the @entity0 with @entity1 were significantly higher than those of the normal subjects. The @entity0 with air-space consolidation had a significantly higher SUV than those without air-space consolidation (mean+/-SD 3.08+/-0.39 vs 2.35+/-0.56; p<0.05). The number of CD45(+) cells was positively correlated with the maximal SUV (r=0.632, p<0.01) and the maximal LNR (r=0.453, p<0.05). The number of @entity2 (+) T lymphocytes also showed positive correlations with the maximal SUV (r=0.540, p<0.01) and the maximal LNR (r=0.547, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity1 have an enhanced FDG accumulation which reflects the degree of disease activity.

title: Disease activity and @entity3 uptake in XXXX : semi-quantitative evaluation using computed tomography and positron emission tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to evaluate whether @entity3 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) reflects disease activity in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Eighty-eight subjects who were normal (n=66) or who had proven @entity1 (n=22) underwent FDG-PET and CT imaging. The subjects included 55 @entity0 and 33 @entity0 , ranging in age from 24 to 63 years (mean 47 years). PET and CT data sets were digitally fused using a conformational PET/CT fusion algorithm. All scans were evaluated independently by two chest radiologists who were unaware of other clinical data. The visual score, maximal and mean standardised uptake value (SUV), and maximal and mean lesion-to-normal tissue ratio (LNR) were calculated. The imaging results were compared with the laboratory and pulmonary function test results. The inflammatory cells in the lesions were quantified immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The visual score, maximal and mean SUV, and maximal and mean LNR of the @entity0 with @entity1 were significantly higher than those of the normal subjects. The @entity0 with air-space consolidation had a significantly higher SUV than those without air-space consolidation (mean+/-SD 3.08+/-0.39 vs 2.35+/-0.56; p<0.05). The number of CD45(+) cells was positively correlated with the maximal SUV (r=0.632, p<0.01) and the maximal LNR (r=0.453, p<0.05). The number of @entity2 (+) T lymphocytes also showed positive correlations with the maximal SUV (r=0.540, p<0.01) and the maximal LNR (r=0.547, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity1 have an enhanced FDG accumulation which reflects the degree of disease activity.

title: Disease activity and XXXX uptake in @entity1 : semi-quantitative evaluation using computed tomography and positron emission tomography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Pharmacological relapse prevention treatment for @entity0 with @entity1 can last for years if not the @entity0 's lifetime. The attitude @entity3 ( @entity3 ) hold regarding this treatment can have profound effects on service users' decisions related to treatment. The small number of studies focusing on this issue concentrates on the use of 'depot' preparations. To develop a validated inventory to assess the attitudes of @entity3 towards treatment and evaluate the attitudes of a sample of @entity3 . The inventory was developed in three stages; item selection, piloting and psychometric testing. The validated inventory was administered to a sample of 50 @entity3 undertaking a degree level course in the psycho-social management of @entity2 . The final inventory consisted of 21 attitudinal items and four items related to the practitioner's confidence. Results from the sample revealed areas of agreement, variation and uncertainty. A valid and reliable inventory has been developed. The administration of the inventory to 50 @entity3 returned results which reflect variable attitudes and perceptions of competency towards maintenance neuroleptic treatment. This diversity in attitudes may have an impact on management of @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity1 and clinical outcomes.

title: Mental health practitioner's attitude towards maintenance neuroleptic treatment for @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pharmacological relapse prevention treatment for @entity0 with @entity1 can last for years if not the @entity0 's lifetime. The attitude @entity3 ( @entity3 ) hold regarding this treatment can have profound effects on service users' decisions related to treatment. The small number of studies focusing on this issue concentrates on the use of 'depot' preparations. To develop a validated inventory to assess the attitudes of @entity3 towards treatment and evaluate the attitudes of a sample of @entity3 . The inventory was developed in three stages; item selection, piloting and psychometric testing. The validated inventory was administered to a sample of 50 @entity3 undertaking a degree level course in the psycho-social management of @entity2 . The final inventory consisted of 21 attitudinal items and four items related to the practitioner's confidence. Results from the sample revealed areas of agreement, variation and uncertainty. A valid and reliable inventory has been developed. The administration of the inventory to 50 @entity3 returned results which reflect variable attitudes and perceptions of competency towards maintenance neuroleptic treatment. This diversity in attitudes may have an impact on management of @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity1 and clinical outcomes.

title: Mental health practitioner's attitude towards maintenance neuroleptic treatment for XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several kinds of thermally processed hydroxyapatite have been commonly used for @entity1 due to @entity1 or @entity3 instead of autologous bone grafts. However, these materials do not change in form during surgery and are not absorbed over a long period. To overcome this disadvantage, @entity0 bone cements (CPCs) have been developed and are already in use in clinical cases. These materials have merit in that to be formed in situ they are injectable and absorbable, but there are still problems with their handling and their hardening properties. A newly developed CPC called XSB-671D hardens earlier and is more resistant to body fluids than other CPCs. The purpose of this article is to verify the effectiveness, safety and usefulness of this CPC (XSB-671D) as a @entity1 filler. METHODS: We conducted clinical trials at five medical institutions based on a unified protocol in a total of 75 cases (30 males, 45 females). We observed the postoperative constitutional symptoms and local symptoms of the filling sites. The effectiveness of this material was evaluated by radiographs of the filled sites, and blood and urine were examined to evaluate any adverse effects. RESULTS: The ratio of the cases determined to be "effective" or "better" among the 74 cases we found qualified was 97.3%, and XSB-671D was confirmed to be a highly effective material with beneficial effects of biocompatibility and osteoconduction as a @entity1 filler. Additionally, there were no adverse effects caused by XSB-671D except one local skin reaction, which disappeared 2 weeks later; its safety was also thus verified. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that effective, safe treatment is possible using XSB-671D in cases requiring filling of a @entity1 as well as those with serious @entity2 .

title: Clinical use of a newly developed XXXX cement (XSB-671D).

answer: @entity0


abstract: An extracellular @entity1 protease inhibitor (ECPI-2) was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of Chlorella sp. 4533 by the combination of various column chromatographies. The molecular mass of the inhibitor was estimated to be 340 kDa by @entity0 -PAGE. The inhibitor was extremely heat-stable under acidic or neutral condition. ECPI-2 exhibited an inhibitory activity against the proteolytic activity of papain, ficin, or chymopapain, but not against stem bromelain or @entity2 . The inhibitor showed no inhibitory activity against trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin or thermolysin. ECPI-2 contains 33.6% @entity3 residues by weight and @entity4 at a molar ratio of 1:2. The proteolysis of the inhibitor by trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin was apparent, but the inhibitory activity of ECPI-2 was unaffected by these enzymes. The alpha-chymotrypsin hydrolysis product from ECPI-2 was further separated into six fractions by gel filtration. From these results, it is suggested that ECPI-2 has several reactive sites for papain.

title: Purification and characterization of extracellular XXXX protease inhibitor, ECPI-2, from Chlorella sp.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficiency of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (MRI) vs. high resolution CT in predicting recurrent or residual @entity2 in @entity0 who underwent prior @entity1 surgery. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. @entity0 : Seventeen @entity0 (4 with 2 recurrences) aged 5-17 years (mean 11.4) previously surgically treated for a @entity2 of the @entity1 , were included for follow-up with systematic CT scan and MRI, between 2005 and 2007. METHODOLOGY: CT scan was performed on a @entity3 Somaton 64 (0.5/0.2 mm slices reformatted in 0.5/0.3 mm images), parallel and perpendicular to the lateral semi-circular canal for each ear (100 mmx100 mm FOV). MRI was undertaken on a @entity3 Avanto 1.5 T unit, with an adapted protocol for young @entity0 . Diagnosis of recurrent @entity2 was based on the evidence of a hyperintense image at B1000 on diffusion-weighted images. Results of CT scan and MRI were compared with operative diagnosis. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 had a positive MRI, among which 8 had @entity2 confirmed during revision surgery. In the 12 negative MRI cases, 5 were positive on revision surgery. None of these lesions was over 3mm. Two of them were diagnosed on the CT scan. CT scan alone had a positive predictive value of 75%, and a negative predictive value of 58%. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted MRI is associated with a high positive predictive value for the detection of recurrent @entity2 . CT scan remains the first choice imaging technique. In case of doubtful CT scan, diffusion-weighted MRI could confirm a recurrence or, when negative, avoid second-look surgery.

title: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for evaluation of pediatric recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: With adequate control of perioperative @entity1 it is possible to control central and peripheral inflammatory responses to surgery and influence @entity0 outcomes. Use of analgesics before the @entity1 stimulus (preventive analgesia) obstructs development of neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system and reduces @entity1 . Our investigation hypothesis is that preoperative central (epidural or intrathecal) @entity4 will reduce @entity2 and the systemic inflammatory stress response more effectively than @entity5 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. METHODS: Forty-two @entity0 undergoing colorectal resection surgery were allocated into three groups receiving a preoperative epidural dose of (i) @entity4 5 microg/kg (n = 17), (ii) @entity5 2.5 mg/ml (n = 12) or (iii) saline as a control group (n = 13). @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity1 levels were assessed before operation, 1 h after starting, and then at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after operation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups of @entity0 in age, sex, body-mass index, body surface area and operation time. We demonstrated significant reduction (P < 0.05) in levels of @entity6 and @entity3 in the preoperative @entity4 group compared with the preoperative @entity5 and control groups. @entity2 levels at rest and on movement were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the @entity4 group, especially 1 h after surgery (VAS 0.82 and 1.18), than in the @entity5 group (VAS 5.25 and 6.67) and the control group (VAS 7.08 and 8.31). CONCLUSION: These results support the importance of the central effect of @entity4 on @entity1 pathways and blockade of the systemic inflammatory stress response.

title: XXXX and systemic inflammatory stress response after preoperative analgesia with @entity4 or @entity5 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: With adequate control of perioperative @entity1 it is possible to control central and peripheral inflammatory responses to surgery and influence @entity0 outcomes. Use of analgesics before the @entity1 stimulus (preventive analgesia) obstructs development of neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system and reduces @entity1 . Our investigation hypothesis is that preoperative central (epidural or intrathecal) @entity4 will reduce @entity2 and the systemic inflammatory stress response more effectively than @entity5 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. METHODS: Forty-two @entity0 undergoing colorectal resection surgery were allocated into three groups receiving a preoperative epidural dose of (i) @entity4 5 microg/kg (n = 17), (ii) @entity5 2.5 mg/ml (n = 12) or (iii) saline as a control group (n = 13). @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity1 levels were assessed before operation, 1 h after starting, and then at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after operation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups of @entity0 in age, sex, body-mass index, body surface area and operation time. We demonstrated significant reduction (P < 0.05) in levels of @entity6 and @entity3 in the preoperative @entity4 group compared with the preoperative @entity5 and control groups. @entity2 levels at rest and on movement were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the @entity4 group, especially 1 h after surgery (VAS 0.82 and 1.18), than in the @entity5 group (VAS 5.25 and 6.67) and the control group (VAS 7.08 and 8.31). CONCLUSION: These results support the importance of the central effect of @entity4 on @entity1 pathways and blockade of the systemic inflammatory stress response.

title: @entity2 and systemic inflammatory stress response after preoperative analgesia with XXXX or @entity5 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: With adequate control of perioperative @entity1 it is possible to control central and peripheral inflammatory responses to surgery and influence @entity0 outcomes. Use of analgesics before the @entity1 stimulus (preventive analgesia) obstructs development of neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system and reduces @entity1 . Our investigation hypothesis is that preoperative central (epidural or intrathecal) @entity4 will reduce @entity2 and the systemic inflammatory stress response more effectively than @entity5 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. METHODS: Forty-two @entity0 undergoing colorectal resection surgery were allocated into three groups receiving a preoperative epidural dose of (i) @entity4 5 microg/kg (n = 17), (ii) @entity5 2.5 mg/ml (n = 12) or (iii) saline as a control group (n = 13). @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity1 levels were assessed before operation, 1 h after starting, and then at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after operation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups of @entity0 in age, sex, body-mass index, body surface area and operation time. We demonstrated significant reduction (P < 0.05) in levels of @entity6 and @entity3 in the preoperative @entity4 group compared with the preoperative @entity5 and control groups. @entity2 levels at rest and on movement were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the @entity4 group, especially 1 h after surgery (VAS 0.82 and 1.18), than in the @entity5 group (VAS 5.25 and 6.67) and the control group (VAS 7.08 and 8.31). CONCLUSION: These results support the importance of the central effect of @entity4 on @entity1 pathways and blockade of the systemic inflammatory stress response.

title: @entity2 and systemic inflammatory stress response after preoperative analgesia with @entity4 or XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity2 was investigated in a community survey in a neighbourhood of western Jerusalem in 1969-71. The current prevalence rate, excluding operated @entity3 , was 18 per 100 @entity0 aged 25 and over, and the lifetime prevalence, including operated @entity3 , was 24 per 100. Prevalence rose markedly with age; the lifetime prevalence rate reached 40 per 100 @entity0 at the ages of 65-74 and 47 per 100 at 75 and over. The prevalence of @entity3 was significantly higher in the presence of varicose veins, in @entity0 who reported symptoms of @entity4 , and, among lean @entity0 only, in the presence of haemorrhoids. These associations may reflect the role of increased abdominal pressure. The prevalence of @entity3 was low in the presence of overweight or adiposity, suggesting that @entity1 is a protective factor. No significant age-independent associations were found with chronic cough, constipation, physical activity at work, or a number of other variables. Two-thirds of the @entity3 had not been operated upon. The prevalence of unrepaired @entity3 rose with age; 13% of all @entity0 aged 65-74 and 23% of those aged 75 and over had unoperated groin swellings. One in every five operated @entity3 showed evidence of recurrence. No significant age-independent associations were found between evidence of occurrence and other characteristics. A comparison of interview responses and examination findings showed that interview data on the presence of @entity3 were of low validity, mainly because of under-reporting.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX . A survey in western Jerusalem.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been associated with several mutations in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), including most @entity3 substitutions. However, the nature of two substitutions, @entity6 and @entity5 , remains a topic of discussion. The aim of this study was to assess the actual role of these two sequence variations in a series of @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: The main clinical data of 89 @entity0 with @entity1 have been prospectively registered on a standard form. 84 @entity0 or members of families with recurrent episodes of inflammatory symptoms spanning a period of more than 6 months and harbouring a @entity4 mutation were studied. Clinical data have been analysed according to the nature of the mutation- @entity6 , @entity5 or others. RESULTS: @entity6 is often seen in @entity0 from Maghreb and is associated with a mild phenotype. @entity6 appears as a polymorphism with a non-specific role in @entity2 . @entity5 is associated with a variable phenotype and presents as a low-penetrance mutation. Interpreting these results will require a comparison with clinical signs and genetic background.

title: Clinical significance of @entity6 and @entity5 substitutions in the XXXX necrosis factor superfamily 1A gene.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been associated with several mutations in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), including most @entity3 substitutions. However, the nature of two substitutions, @entity6 and @entity5 , remains a topic of discussion. The aim of this study was to assess the actual role of these two sequence variations in a series of @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: The main clinical data of 89 @entity0 with @entity1 have been prospectively registered on a standard form. 84 @entity0 or members of families with recurrent episodes of inflammatory symptoms spanning a period of more than 6 months and harbouring a @entity4 mutation were studied. Clinical data have been analysed according to the nature of the mutation- @entity6 , @entity5 or others. RESULTS: @entity6 is often seen in @entity0 from Maghreb and is associated with a mild phenotype. @entity6 appears as a polymorphism with a non-specific role in @entity2 . @entity5 is associated with a variable phenotype and presents as a low-penetrance mutation. Interpreting these results will require a comparison with clinical signs and genetic background.

title: Clinical significance of @entity6 and XXXX substitutions in the @entity1 necrosis factor superfamily 1A gene.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been associated with several mutations in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), including most @entity3 substitutions. However, the nature of two substitutions, @entity6 and @entity5 , remains a topic of discussion. The aim of this study was to assess the actual role of these two sequence variations in a series of @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: The main clinical data of 89 @entity0 with @entity1 have been prospectively registered on a standard form. 84 @entity0 or members of families with recurrent episodes of inflammatory symptoms spanning a period of more than 6 months and harbouring a @entity4 mutation were studied. Clinical data have been analysed according to the nature of the mutation- @entity6 , @entity5 or others. RESULTS: @entity6 is often seen in @entity0 from Maghreb and is associated with a mild phenotype. @entity6 appears as a polymorphism with a non-specific role in @entity2 . @entity5 is associated with a variable phenotype and presents as a low-penetrance mutation. Interpreting these results will require a comparison with clinical signs and genetic background.

title: Clinical significance of XXXX and @entity5 substitutions in the @entity1 necrosis factor superfamily 1A gene.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are @entity10 that occur either sporadically or in @entity0 with @entity6 . The malignant transformation of the benign neurofibroma to @entity3 is incompletely understood at the molecular level. We have determined the gene expression signature for benign and malignant PNSTs and found that the major trend in @entity2 to @entity3 consists of the loss of expression of a large number of genes, rather than widespread increase in gene expression. Relatively few genes are expressed at higher levels in @entity5 and these include genes involved in cell proliferation and genes implicated in tumour @entity1 . In addition, a gene expression signature indicating @entity4 inactivation is seen in the majority of @entity5 . Subsequent microRNA profiling of benign and malignant PNSTs indicated a relative down-regulation of @entity9 in most @entity5 compared to @entity8 . In vitro studies using the cell lines @entity3 -14 ( @entity7 mutant) and @entity3 -724 (from a non- @entity7 individual) show that exogenous expression of @entity4 or @entity9 promotes apoptotic cell death. In addition, exogenous expression of @entity4 in @entity3 cells induces @entity9 and other miRNAs. Our data show that @entity4 inactivation and subsequent loss of expression of @entity9 may significantly contribute to the @entity3 development. Collectively, our findings suggest that deregulation of miRNAs has a potential role in the malignant transformation process in @entity5 .

title: Genome-wide transcriptome analyses reveal XXXX inactivation mediated loss of @entity9 expression in malignant @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are @entity10 that occur either sporadically or in @entity0 with @entity6 . The malignant transformation of the benign neurofibroma to @entity3 is incompletely understood at the molecular level. We have determined the gene expression signature for benign and malignant PNSTs and found that the major trend in @entity2 to @entity3 consists of the loss of expression of a large number of genes, rather than widespread increase in gene expression. Relatively few genes are expressed at higher levels in @entity5 and these include genes involved in cell proliferation and genes implicated in tumour @entity1 . In addition, a gene expression signature indicating @entity4 inactivation is seen in the majority of @entity5 . Subsequent microRNA profiling of benign and malignant PNSTs indicated a relative down-regulation of @entity9 in most @entity5 compared to @entity8 . In vitro studies using the cell lines @entity3 -14 ( @entity7 mutant) and @entity3 -724 (from a non- @entity7 individual) show that exogenous expression of @entity4 or @entity9 promotes apoptotic cell death. In addition, exogenous expression of @entity4 in @entity3 cells induces @entity9 and other miRNAs. Our data show that @entity4 inactivation and subsequent loss of expression of @entity9 may significantly contribute to the @entity3 development. Collectively, our findings suggest that deregulation of miRNAs has a potential role in the malignant transformation process in @entity5 .

title: Genome-wide transcriptome analyses reveal @entity4 inactivation mediated loss of @entity9 expression in malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are @entity10 that occur either sporadically or in @entity0 with @entity6 . The malignant transformation of the benign neurofibroma to @entity3 is incompletely understood at the molecular level. We have determined the gene expression signature for benign and malignant PNSTs and found that the major trend in @entity2 to @entity3 consists of the loss of expression of a large number of genes, rather than widespread increase in gene expression. Relatively few genes are expressed at higher levels in @entity5 and these include genes involved in cell proliferation and genes implicated in tumour @entity1 . In addition, a gene expression signature indicating @entity4 inactivation is seen in the majority of @entity5 . Subsequent microRNA profiling of benign and malignant PNSTs indicated a relative down-regulation of @entity9 in most @entity5 compared to @entity8 . In vitro studies using the cell lines @entity3 -14 ( @entity7 mutant) and @entity3 -724 (from a non- @entity7 individual) show that exogenous expression of @entity4 or @entity9 promotes apoptotic cell death. In addition, exogenous expression of @entity4 in @entity3 cells induces @entity9 and other miRNAs. Our data show that @entity4 inactivation and subsequent loss of expression of @entity9 may significantly contribute to the @entity3 development. Collectively, our findings suggest that deregulation of miRNAs has a potential role in the malignant transformation process in @entity5 .

title: Genome-wide transcriptome analyses reveal @entity4 inactivation mediated loss of XXXX expression in malignant @entity5 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Reactive @entity0 species have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of distinct signaling cascades, many of which act upon the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Using a series of redox-engineered cell lines we have previously demonstrated that @entity6 expression is sensitive to the alterations in the steady state production of @entity1 (Ranganathan, A. C., Nelson, K. K., Rodriguez, A. M., Kim, K. H., Tower, G. B., Rutter, J. L., Brinckerhoff, C. E., Epstein, C. J., Huang, T. T., Jeffrey, J. J., and Melendez, J. A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 14264-14270). In the present study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the @entity1 -mediated induction of @entity6 . Mutational analysis of an @entity6 promoter indicates that both the single nucleotide polymorphism creating an Ets binding site at -1607 and a proximal AP-1 site at -1602 are required for maximal @entity1 -dependent transcription. The redox-sensitive @entity6 protein expression requires activation of both @entity5 and @entity8 pathways. Importantly, @entity8 signaling is largely responsible for the @entity1 sensitivity of the @entity6 promoter, whereas @entity5 contributes to both its basal and @entity1 @entity3 . @entity1 control of @entity9 expression was @entity5 -dependent whereas that of @entity4 requires both @entity5 and @entity8 signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that binding of the histone acetyltransferase, @entity7 , and the transcription factors @entity9 and @entity4 to the @entity6 promoter is redox sensitive. The redox sensitivity of @entity6 expression is also associated with an increase in the abundance of oxidatively inactivated protein- @entity2 phosphatases. Targeted cytosolic or mitochondrial scavenging of @entity1 prevented all of the aforementioned signals. These studies provide substantial insight into the mechanisms underlying the redox-dependent control of @entity6 and may lead to the development of novel targeted antioxidant-based inhibitory therapies for controlling @entity6 expression during degenerative disease processes.

title: Redox-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression is regulated by XXXX through Ets and AP-1 promoter motifs.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of endorectal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection and local staging of transition zone @entity2 , with pathologic analysis serving as the reference standard, and to assess MR imaging features of these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study and waived the informed consent requirement. An institutional database of 986 @entity0 who underwent MR imaging before radical prostatectomy yielded 148 consecutive @entity0 with at least one transition zone @entity1 at step-section pathologic analysis. An additional 46 @entity0 without transition zone @entity1 were randomly selected as a control group. Two readers independently reviewed MR studies to identify @entity0 with transition zone @entity1 and determine the location and local extent of these @entity1 . Imaging features that helped in the identification of transition zone @entity1 were recorded. Descriptive and kappa statistics, as well as receiver operating characteristic and multivariate logistic regression analyses, were used. RESULTS: For identification of @entity0 with transition zone @entity1 , sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 87%, respectively, for reader 1 and 80% and 78%, respectively, for reader 2. Interreader agreement was fair. For detection of the location of transition zone @entity1 , the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75 for reader 1 and 0.73 for reader 2. Interreader agreement was fair. The readers' accuracy in detecting transition zone @entity1 foci increased significantly (P=.001) as @entity1 volume increased. In the detection of extraprostatic extension of transition zone @entity1 , sensitivity and specificity were 56% and 94%, respectively, for reader 1 and 28% and 93%, respectively, for reader 2. Homogeneous low T2 signal intensity (P=.001 for reader 1, P<.001 for reader 2) and lenticular shape (P=.017 for reader 1) were significantly associated with the presence of transition zone @entity1 . CONCLUSION: MR imaging can be used to detect, localize, and stage transition zone @entity2 .

title: XXXX : features, detection, localization, and staging at endorectal MR imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 might cause not only cosmetic problems but also be a reason of discomfort and @entity1 . In case of inefficient conservative treatment symptomatic accessory naviculars are treated surgically. AIM OF PAPER: Presentation of results of simple excision of symptomatic @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material consists of 22 @entity0 (34 feet), 17 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 , treated surgically between 1992 and 2006. Mean age at surgery was 14.1 years (9-22 years). @entity2 was present in 5 feet (14.7%), type II in 17 (50%) and type III-in 12 (35.3%). Main symptom was localized @entity1 on the medial arch of the foot, in the height of navicular bone. Surgery consisted of simple @entity2 excision and if needed partial resection of navicular bone. The mean follow-up period was 5.6 years (1-13 years). We analyzed: intensity of @entity1 (VAS score system), daily and sport activity. Subjective results were analyzed using a questionnaire. RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned from 21 @entity0 : 9 @entity0 had @entity1 relief, 11 considerable and one @entity0 had persistent @entity1 . Mean VAS results before surgery was 5.9 and 1.7 after surgery. Only one @entity0 required analgesics occasionally. Complications were present in two @entity0 (6.1%). All active @entity0 returned to their sport activities. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of symptomatic @entity2 by simple excision technique gives satisfying results, surgery is minimally traumatic and risk of complications low.

title: Results of simple excision technique in the surgical treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a distinct primary @entity1 of the immune system that shows wide variation in incidence among different geographic regions and among various races. It was previously suggested that susceptible @entity0 living in certain parts of Israel had a higher risk of @entity3 because of exposure to unidentified environmental factors in these regions. Compared with other parts of Israel, these regions were characterized by a higher proportion of Israeli-born Jews. OBJECTIVES: To study time trends in the incidence rate of @entity3 in Israeli-born Jews of all age groups during the years 1960-2005. RESULTS: A total of 4812 Jewish cases of @entity3 were reported to the Israel Cancer Registry during the study period 1960-2005. There has been a persistent increase in the age-standardized incidence rate of @entity3 , all subtypes pooled, in Israeli-born Jews in both @entity0 and @entity0 . The age distribution pattern in both genders was bimodal in all periods. The highest incidence was observed in the 20-24 year age group: for @entity0 (9.13 per 100,000 per year) during the period 1988-1996, and for @entity0 (6.60 per 100,000 per year) during the period 1997-2005. CONCLUSIONS: The reported incidence level of @entity3 in Israeli-born young adult Jews in Israel has increased in recent years to high levels compared with other western countries. Our findings suggest a cohort effect to unidentified factors affecting Israeli-born young adult Jews in Israel.

title: A sharp rise in the incidence of XXXX in young adults in Israel.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim was to identify factors associated with physical activity participation among active (i.e. more than or equal to 10,000 steps per day) individuals with @entity1 . Staff at day program and supported employment organizations were asked to identify individuals they believed were physically active. To verify @entity0 were active, 7-day pedometer data were collected. Using these data, 13 @entity0 met the inclusion criterion of 10,000 steps per day from 37 individuals identified by staff. @entity0 (n=13) ranged in age from 18 to 46 years (mean=34, SD= 8) and seven were male. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the environmental and social supports for these high levels of physical activity. Three major themes were identified from content and thematic analyses. Key individuals and organizations were important in fostering initial interests and the development of skills. Coaches, staff and parents were important in 'showing them how.' For example, how to vacuum or stack produce, how to bowl, how to use weight training equipment or helping to plan a safe walking route. Motivation for @entity2 was associated with friendship and social connection. Practical support was needed for continued participation. In particular, transportation and affordable activities were very important. Fostering practical skills, supporting the social aspects of physical activity and keeping activities low cost are important enabling and reinforcing factors for physical activity among active @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Factors associated with high levels of physical activity among adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: International comparisons of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are important to better understand the relationship between programmes' performance and screening practices. In this respect, differences in (i) definition, (ii) identification and (iii) quantification of @entity1 have received little attention. To examine these 3 comparability issues and activities involving @entity1 , an assessment was conducted among member countries of the International Breast Cancer Screening Network, and the impact of accuracy of identification and quantification practices was estimated using 1996-98 data from the Dutch @entity0 screening programme. Information was obtained from 19 screening programmes in 18 countries, 16 of which acknowledged the coexistence of opportunistic screening. @entity1 data were collected to evaluate performance of the screening programme (100% of programmes) and the radiologists (89%); 53% of programmes had a designated review process for @entity1 . Most programmes (84%) agreed with the European Guidelines definition of @entity1 , but a case situation exercise evidenced substantial discrepancy in classification of @entity1 that occurred after a positive screen. Completeness of identification of @entity1 appears to contribute most to international variation, and cannot be easily controlled for in methodologically rigorous comparisons. Statistically significant differences of about 4% were measured between quantification methods for @entity1 . An operational definition of @entity1 is proposed to enhance international comparability. Valid comparisons of @entity1 are possible with careful attention to the definition but true differences in @entity1 frequency across screening programmes should exceed 10% to be possibly indicative of real differences between programmes.

title: Methodological issues in international comparison of interval XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this study was to test the methods for a large study of the incidence and prognosis of @entity1 and other @entity6 and provide provisional incidence figures. This was a community-based prospective study to identify @entity0 with newly diagnosed non-drug-induced @entity2 (>or=2 of @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , postural instability) from a population of 148,600 @entity0 in Aberdeen, Scotland, over 18 months. Multiple search strategies were used to identify @entity0 , including some population screening. Incident @entity0 and age/sex-matched controls had assessments of impairment, disability, quality of life, mood, and cognition and are being followed up yearly. Two hundred and two @entity0 with possible @entity1 symptoms were assessed, and 82 incident @entity0 were identified, 50 with probable @entity1 . The crude incidences of probable @entity2 and probable @entity1 were 31.4/100,000/year (95% CI: 24.5-39.7) and 22.4/100,000/year (95% CI: 16.6-29.6), respectively. The mean age of diagnosis of @entity1 was 76.1 +/- 10.0 years and the incidence was greater in @entity0 . The methods were generally successful. Provisionally, we found a higher incidence of @entity1 than other comparable studies, and our @entity0 were considerably older. This may reflect better case ascertainment in the elderly. A larger study is planned.

title: Pilot study of the incidence and prognosis of XXXX in Aberdeen, United Kingdom: methods and preliminary results.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Traditionally, the calyx of Held synapse is viewed as a highly reliable relay in the sound localization circuit of the auditory brainstem, with every presynaptic action potential triggering a postsynaptic action potential in vivo. However, this view is at odds with slice recordings that report large @entity1 ( @entity1 ). To investigate the reliability and precision of this synapse, we compared slice and in vivo recordings from medial nucleus of the trapezoid body neurons of young adult @entity0 . We show that the extracellularly recorded complex waveform can be used to estimate both presynaptic release and postsynaptic excitability. Whereas under standard slice conditions the synapse underwent large @entity1 , both extracellular and whole-cell recordings indicated that in vivo the size of the EPSPs was independent of recent history. The estimated quantal content was typically <20 in vivo, much lower than in the resting synapse under standard slice conditions. However, due to the large quantal size and summation of EPSPs, the safety factor of this synapse was generally still sufficiently large and postsynaptic failures were observed only infrequently in vivo. When present, failures were typically due to stochastic fluctuations in EPSP size or postsynaptic spike @entity1 . In vivo, the calyx of Held synapse thus functions as a tonic synapse. The price it pays for its low release probability is an increase in jitter and synaptic latency and occasional postsynaptic failures.

title: Reliability and precision of the XXXX calyx of Held synapse.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The methylotrophic @entity1 @entity3 has been used for the expression of many proteins, including antibody fragments. However, limitations became obvious especially when secreting heterodimeric Fab fragments. Up-to-date, antibody fragments have only been expressed under control of the strong inducible @entity0 oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter, which may stress the cells by excessive transcription. Here, we examined the secretion characteristics of single chain and Fab fragments of two different monoclonal anti-HIV1 antibodies (2F5 and 2G12) with both the AOX1 and the @entity4 dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter. Also, the influences of different secretion leaders and strains were evaluated. Interestingly, secretion was only achieved when using the GAP promoter and the @entity1 mating factor alpha (MFalpha leader), whereas there was no difference between the two @entity3 strains. During fed batch fermentation of a 2F5 Fab expressing strain, intracellular retention of Fab heavy chains was observed, while both intact Fab and single light chain molecules were only detected in the supernatants. This led to the conclusion that protein folding and heterodimer assembly in the ER are rate limiting steps in Fab secretion. To alleviate this limitation, @entity1 protein @entity2 isomerase (PDI) and the unfolded protein response (UPR) transcription factor @entity5 were constitutively overexpressed in @entity3 . While the overexpression of @entity5 led to a moderate increase of Fab secretion of 1.3-fold, PDI enabled an increase of the Fab level by 1.9-fold. Hence, the formation of interchain @entity2 bonds can be seen as a major rate limiting factor to Fab assembly and subsequent secretion.

title: Engineering of XXXX for improved production of antibody fragments.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy is widely used in the clinic as a treatment for @entity1 . The treatment itself, however, leads to long-term depletion of the adaptive immune system, which is more pronounced in older @entity0 , predominantly due to thymic @entity4 . We and others have previously shown that withdrawal of sex @entity5 is able to regenerate the aged thymus and enhance recovery from autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. In this study we have examined the effects of sex @entity3 ablation (SSA) on the recovery of lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) and thymus following treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent @entity6 (Cy) in middle-aged and old @entity2 . Furthermore, we have also examined the impact of this regeneration on peripheral immunity. SSA enhanced the recovery of BM resident hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid progenitors and promoted lymphopoiesis. Interestingly, Cy alone caused a profound increase in the recently described common lymphoid progenitor 2 (CLP-2) population in the BM. In the thymus, SSA caused a profound increase in cellularity as well as all intrathymic T-lineage progenitors including early T-lineage progenitors (ETPs) and non-canonical T cell progenitors such as the CLP-2. We also found that these transferred into numerical increases in the periphery with enhanced B and T cell numbers. Furthermore, these lymphocytes were found to have an enhanced functional capacity with no perturbation of the TCR repertoire. Taken together, these results provide the basis for the use of SSA in the clinic to enhance treatment outcomes from cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy.

title: Sex XXXX ablation enhances hematopoietic recovery following cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy in aged @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy is widely used in the clinic as a treatment for @entity1 . The treatment itself, however, leads to long-term depletion of the adaptive immune system, which is more pronounced in older @entity0 , predominantly due to thymic @entity4 . We and others have previously shown that withdrawal of sex @entity5 is able to regenerate the aged thymus and enhance recovery from autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. In this study we have examined the effects of sex @entity3 ablation (SSA) on the recovery of lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) and thymus following treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent @entity6 (Cy) in middle-aged and old @entity2 . Furthermore, we have also examined the impact of this regeneration on peripheral immunity. SSA enhanced the recovery of BM resident hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid progenitors and promoted lymphopoiesis. Interestingly, Cy alone caused a profound increase in the recently described common lymphoid progenitor 2 (CLP-2) population in the BM. In the thymus, SSA caused a profound increase in cellularity as well as all intrathymic T-lineage progenitors including early T-lineage progenitors (ETPs) and non-canonical T cell progenitors such as the CLP-2. We also found that these transferred into numerical increases in the periphery with enhanced B and T cell numbers. Furthermore, these lymphocytes were found to have an enhanced functional capacity with no perturbation of the TCR repertoire. Taken together, these results provide the basis for the use of SSA in the clinic to enhance treatment outcomes from cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy.

title: Sex @entity3 ablation enhances hematopoietic recovery following cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy in aged XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 is a highly vascular and rapidly growing @entity2 , which tends to recur at distant locations. Complete surgical resection is often difficult because of intraoperative excessive @entity6 or @entity1 . A 31-year-old male presented with @entity7 manifesting as a rapidly enlarging extracranial soft tissue @entity4 causing a subcutaneous mass in the forehead. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a lesion in the frontal lobe. Careful follow up was performed because the @entity0 suffered no @entity3 . The subcutaneous mass rapidly enlarged for 6 months. CT and MR imaging showed an osteolytic @entity5 with an extradural soft tissue component. Angiography demonstrated obstruction of the superior sagittal sinus and dense @entity2 staining with slow circulation and venous drainage. Gross total surgical resection was performed following endovascular embolization of the feeding arteries. Histological examination demonstrated an @entity8 . Although rare, @entity8 should be included in the differential diagnosis of rapidly enlarging subcutaneous mass. Preoperative endovascular treatment may allow less invasive surgery.

title: [Intracranial @entity7 manifesting as a rapidly enlarging extracranial soft tissue XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity8 is a highly vascular and rapidly growing @entity2 , which tends to recur at distant locations. Complete surgical resection is often difficult because of intraoperative excessive @entity6 or @entity1 . A 31-year-old male presented with @entity7 manifesting as a rapidly enlarging extracranial soft tissue @entity4 causing a subcutaneous mass in the forehead. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a lesion in the frontal lobe. Careful follow up was performed because the @entity0 suffered no @entity3 . The subcutaneous mass rapidly enlarged for 6 months. CT and MR imaging showed an osteolytic @entity5 with an extradural soft tissue component. Angiography demonstrated obstruction of the superior sagittal sinus and dense @entity2 staining with slow circulation and venous drainage. Gross total surgical resection was performed following endovascular embolization of the feeding arteries. Histological examination demonstrated an @entity8 . Although rare, @entity8 should be included in the differential diagnosis of rapidly enlarging subcutaneous mass. Preoperative endovascular treatment may allow less invasive surgery.

title: [Intracranial XXXX manifesting as a rapidly enlarging extracranial soft tissue @entity4 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Our objective was to prospectively assess whether early (ie, 2 weeks) response to an antipsychotic predicts later (12-week) response and whether 'switching' early non-responders to another antipsychotic is a better strategy than 'staying'. This randomized, double-blind, flexible-dosed, 12-week study enrolled 628 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 or @entity4 . All initiated treatment with @entity6 . Early response was defined as > or =20% improvement on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score following 2 weeks of treatment. Early responders (ERs) continued on @entity6 , whereas early non-responders (ENRs) were randomized (1 : 1) to continue on @entity6 2-6 mg/day or switch to @entity5 10-20 mg/day for 10 additional weeks. Compared with ENRs, @entity6 ERs showed significantly greater reduction in PANSS total score (end point; p<001). Early response/non-response was highly predictive of subsequent clinical outcomes. Switching @entity6 ENRs to @entity5 at week 2 resulted in a small but significantly greater reduction in PANSS total score (end point; p=0.020) and in @entity2 (end point; p=0.004); the reduction in PANSS was greater among those who were still moderately ill at 2 weeks. Switching @entity6 ENRs to @entity5 also resulted in significantly greater increases in @entity7 , a significantly greater decrease in prolactin, and significantly less treatment-emergent @entity3 . This is the first study to prospectively show that early response/non-response to an antipsychotic ( @entity6 ) is a reliable clinical marker of subsequent clinical outcomes and that a 'switching' strategy based on this information may lead to greater clinical improvement than staying on a drug for a longer period in some @entity0 .

title: Early response to antipsychotic drug therapy as a clinical marker of subsequent response in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Stress and glucocorticoids (GCs) can facilitate memory formation. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects are largely unknown. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) receptor (AMPAR) trafficking has been implicated in the changes in synaptic strength at central glutamatergic synapses associated with memory formation. In cell cultures, @entity2 has been shown to condition the synaptic trafficking of the AMPAR @entity5 subunit. In this study, we investigated the involvement of @entity5 trafficking in the facilitation of learning by stress. Using the water maze spatial task involving different stress levels, @entity0 trained under more stressful conditions (water at 22 degrees C) showed better learning and memory, and higher post-training @entity2 levels, than @entity0 trained under lower stress (water at 30 degrees C). Strikingly, this facilitated learning by stress was accompanied by enhanced synaptic expression of @entity5 AMPARs that was not observed in @entity0 trained under less stressful conditions. Interfering with GC actions by injecting the GC synthesis inhibitor, @entity3 , blocked both the memory facilitation and the enhanced @entity5 trafficking induced by stressful learning. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the peptide, @entity7 m, that blocks @entity5 synaptic trafficking by interfering with the interaction between @entity4 -sensitive factor and @entity5 , impaired immediate performance at learning as well as long-term memory retrieval, supporting a causal role for @entity5 trafficking in stress-induced facilitation of spatial learning and memory. Evidence for the involvement of the neural cell adhesion molecule @entity6 in interaction with @entity5 is also provided. These findings underscore a new mechanism whereby stress can improve memory function.

title: Stress at learning facilitates memory formation by regulating XXXX receptor trafficking through a glucocorticoid action.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity11 (Pro-Hep), synthesized in the liver, is the prohormone of hepcidin (Hep), which reduces @entity3 absorption in the gut; its synthesis is enhanced by @entity2 and is reduced during @entity6 . We aimed to study the hypothesis that @entity0 born small for gestational age (SGA) have reduced cord blood concentrations of Pro-Hep. STUDY DESIGN: Cord blood was collected from 20 SGA (term and near term >35 week gestation) @entity0 and 20 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls. We excluded @entity0 exposed to maternal @entity4 , smoking, @entity1 , @entity5 or drug use. Both groups had a 1 min Apgar score above or equal to 7 and had normal cord blood pH (above 7.25). ELISA was used to determine serum concentrations of Pro-Hep and @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Circulating @entity10 (+)/ @entity7 (-)/SSC(low) cells were measured by flow cytometry as an index of erythroid progenitors. RESULT: There were no significant differences between groups in terms of hemoglobin concentrations, and Pro-Hep. In contrast, @entity8 levels and circulating @entity10 (+)/ @entity7 (-)/SSC(low) erythroid progenitors were significantly higher in the SGA group. These differences remained significant even after controlling for gestational age and gravidity. CONCLUSION: Contrary to @entity8 upregulation during @entity9 ( @entity9 ), and higher concentrations of circulating erythroid progenitors, Pro-Hep concentration is not affected by @entity9 .

title: XXXX concentrations and erythroid progenitors in cord blood of appropriate versus small for gestational age neonates.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: The physician that initially sees a @entity0 with an extensive and deep @entity1 must be able to provide initial acute treatment and to make a well-founded decision whether to have the @entity0 transported to a burn care center (BCC). Physicians from a variety of specialities will be involved in the management of long-term sequelae. METHODS: This article provides an overview of the treatment of severe @entity3 and their commonest complications. Special attention is paid to initial emergency treatment (first aid) and to late complications, because physicians from multiple specialties are often involved in these phases of treatment. The data and guidelines that are summarized here were obtained through a selective Medline search and supplemented by the authors' experience in their own burn care center. RESULTS: @entity2 , careful fluid balance, and early intubation are important elements of the initial emergency treatment. Long-term complications of @entity3 , such as disfiguring scars on exposed areas of skin and functionally significant contractures, often require surgical treatment. Early measures for scar care may improve the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The effective treatment of severe @entity3 is interdisciplinary, involving general practitioners and emergency physicians as well as plastic surgeons and physicians of other specialties. Knowledge of the basic principles of treatment enables physicians to care for @entity0 with @entity3 appropriately both in the acute setting and in the long term.

title: XXXX : acute and long-term treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are considered to have effects on mood and to be effective in a number of @entity6 . There are, however, conflicting reports in the literature with respect to the psychotropic properties of @entity5 . Many of the studies have a number of methodological problems, and much uncertainty still exists regarding the behavioral and mood effects of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to assess, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of @entity4 -free @entity0 with @entity2 , the effect of withdrawal of @entity5 in @entity0 on monotherapy on measures of mood and behavior. METHODS: One hundred fifteen subjects who had been @entity4 -free >2 years on drug monotherapy went through a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Each @entity0 was included for 12 months or until @entity4 relapse. Behavioral function was assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) at baseline and 7 months after withdrawal. RESULTS: Discontinuation of @entity5 resulted, to a greater extent than continued treatment, in a slight improvement in symptoms of @entity3 and @entity1 . Comparable results were achieved in the subgroup taking @entity7 . For @entity0 with a high degree of @entity3 and somatic symptoms at baseline, no significant differences in symptoms emerged in the withdrawal group compared with the non-withdrawal group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that @entity4 -free @entity0 with @entity2 on monotherapy can obtain a slight improvement in symptoms characteristic of @entity3 and @entity1 if they discontinue treatment with @entity5 . The described changes are limited, and the functional impact is of uncertain significance.

title: Slight improvement in mood and XXXX after antiepileptic drug withdrawal: a controlled study in @entity0 on monotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are considered to have effects on mood and to be effective in a number of @entity6 . There are, however, conflicting reports in the literature with respect to the psychotropic properties of @entity5 . Many of the studies have a number of methodological problems, and much uncertainty still exists regarding the behavioral and mood effects of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to assess, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of @entity4 -free @entity0 with @entity2 , the effect of withdrawal of @entity5 in @entity0 on monotherapy on measures of mood and behavior. METHODS: One hundred fifteen subjects who had been @entity4 -free >2 years on drug monotherapy went through a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Each @entity0 was included for 12 months or until @entity4 relapse. Behavioral function was assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) at baseline and 7 months after withdrawal. RESULTS: Discontinuation of @entity5 resulted, to a greater extent than continued treatment, in a slight improvement in symptoms of @entity3 and @entity1 . Comparable results were achieved in the subgroup taking @entity7 . For @entity0 with a high degree of @entity3 and somatic symptoms at baseline, no significant differences in symptoms emerged in the withdrawal group compared with the non-withdrawal group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that @entity4 -free @entity0 with @entity2 on monotherapy can obtain a slight improvement in symptoms characteristic of @entity3 and @entity1 if they discontinue treatment with @entity5 . The described changes are limited, and the functional impact is of uncertain significance.

title: Slight improvement in mood and @entity1 after antiepileptic drug withdrawal: a controlled study in XXXX on monotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The reticulohistiocytoses are a rare group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorders. Recently, dermatoscopic features have been reported for some of the @entity3 . We report a case of diffuse @entity7 with 29 @entity8 . On dermatoscopy of these lesions, we saw three typical features: a homogeneous pattern with various shades of yellow (defined previously as a 'setting-sun' pattern), @entity5 , and central @entity1 and streaks. The setting-sun pattern was most commonly seen in combination with @entity5 . In four lesions, @entity5 surrounded a central @entity1 resembling that of a @entity6 . However, the presence of the setting-sun pattern in the background gave a different hue to that of the peripheral network seen in a @entity6 . A marked clinical improvement was associated with 6 months of systemic @entity4 treatment. Dermatoscopy may aid in the diagnosis of @entity2 . For this @entity0 , @entity4 was beneficial.

title: Reticulohistiocytosis: different dermatoscopic faces and a good response to XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Triage of mass casualties in situations in which @entity0 must remain on-scene for prolonged periods of time, such as after a @entity4 , differs from traditional triage. Often there are multiple scenes (sectors), and the infrastructure is damaged. Available medical resources are limited, and the time to definitive care is uncertain. Early evacuation is not possible, and local initial responders cannot expect significant outside assistance for at least 49-72 hours. Current triage systems are based either on a shorter time to definitive care or on a longer time to initial triage. The Medical Disaster Response (MDR) project deals with the scenario in which specially trained, local health-care providers evaluate @entity0 immediately after the event, but cannot evacuate @entity0 to definitive care. For this type of scenario, a dynamic triage methodology was developed that permits the triage process to evolve over hours or even days, thereby maximizing @entity0 survival and resulting in a more efficient use of resources. This MDR system incorporates a modified version of "Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment" (START) that substitutes radial pulse for capillary refill, coupled with a system of secondary triage termed, "Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint" ( @entity3 ). The @entity3 triage was developed to direct limited resources to the subgroup of @entity0 expected to benefit most from their use. The @entity3 assesses survivability of @entity0 with @entity1 and, on the basis of @entity1 statistics, uses this information to describe the relationship between expected benefits and resources consumed. Because early transport to an intact medical system is unavailable, this information guides treatment priorities in the field to a level beyond the scope of the START methodology. Pre-existing disease and age are factored into the triage decisions. An elderly @entity0 with burns to 70% of body surface area is unsalvageable under austere field conditions and would require the use of significant medical resources-both personnel and equipment-and would be triaged to an "expectant area." Conversely, a young adult with a Glasgow @entity2 Scale score of 12 who requires only airway maintenance would use few resources and would have a reasonable chance for survival with the interventions available in the field, and would be triaged to a "treatment" area. The START and @entity3 triage techniques are used in situations in which triage is dynamic, occurs over many hours to days, and only limited, austere, field, advanced life support equipment is readily available. The MDR- @entity3 methodology is the first systematic attempt to use triage as a tool to maximize @entity0 benefit in the immediate aftermath of a @entity4 .

title: Disaster triage: START, then @entity3 --a new method of dynamic triage for victims of a XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Triage of mass casualties in situations in which @entity0 must remain on-scene for prolonged periods of time, such as after a @entity4 , differs from traditional triage. Often there are multiple scenes (sectors), and the infrastructure is damaged. Available medical resources are limited, and the time to definitive care is uncertain. Early evacuation is not possible, and local initial responders cannot expect significant outside assistance for at least 49-72 hours. Current triage systems are based either on a shorter time to definitive care or on a longer time to initial triage. The Medical Disaster Response (MDR) project deals with the scenario in which specially trained, local health-care providers evaluate @entity0 immediately after the event, but cannot evacuate @entity0 to definitive care. For this type of scenario, a dynamic triage methodology was developed that permits the triage process to evolve over hours or even days, thereby maximizing @entity0 survival and resulting in a more efficient use of resources. This MDR system incorporates a modified version of "Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment" (START) that substitutes radial pulse for capillary refill, coupled with a system of secondary triage termed, "Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint" ( @entity3 ). The @entity3 triage was developed to direct limited resources to the subgroup of @entity0 expected to benefit most from their use. The @entity3 assesses survivability of @entity0 with @entity1 and, on the basis of @entity1 statistics, uses this information to describe the relationship between expected benefits and resources consumed. Because early transport to an intact medical system is unavailable, this information guides treatment priorities in the field to a level beyond the scope of the START methodology. Pre-existing disease and age are factored into the triage decisions. An elderly @entity0 with burns to 70% of body surface area is unsalvageable under austere field conditions and would require the use of significant medical resources-both personnel and equipment-and would be triaged to an "expectant area." Conversely, a young adult with a Glasgow @entity2 Scale score of 12 who requires only airway maintenance would use few resources and would have a reasonable chance for survival with the interventions available in the field, and would be triaged to a "treatment" area. The START and @entity3 triage techniques are used in situations in which triage is dynamic, occurs over many hours to days, and only limited, austere, field, advanced life support equipment is readily available. The MDR- @entity3 methodology is the first systematic attempt to use triage as a tool to maximize @entity0 benefit in the immediate aftermath of a @entity4 .

title: Disaster triage: START, then XXXX --a new method of dynamic triage for victims of a @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To better characterize the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathologic aspects of @entity8 -induced @entity10 . METHODS: We reviewed medical records, performed electrodiagnostic studies, and examined histopathologic specimens of muscle and nerve in three @entity0 with @entity8 -induced @entity4 , as well as summarized the relevant literature. RESULTS: Two @entity0 had a slightly asymmetric, mixed, but primarily demyelinating @entity5 . One also had a substantial @entity3 . The third had an acute @entity1 resembling @entity9 . Seemingly, @entity6 kinase levels did not correlate with clinical or electromyographic evidence of @entity3 . Histologic evaluations of peripheral nerves revealed @entity2 , some axon loss, and a variable number of characteristic lysosomal inclusions. Muscle specimens from two @entity0 showed evidence of a @entity11 . After discontinuation of @entity8 , two @entity0 improved and one died of @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical features and onset times vary, @entity8 @entity4 manifests as a mixed @entity5 , @entity11 , or both. @entity6 kinase levels may not correlate with the degree of @entity3 . Variable numbers of lysosomal inclusions in peripheral nerve, endothelial cells, and muscle are characteristic.

title: XXXX -induced @entity10 : three cases and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To better characterize the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathologic aspects of @entity8 -induced @entity10 . METHODS: We reviewed medical records, performed electrodiagnostic studies, and examined histopathologic specimens of muscle and nerve in three @entity0 with @entity8 -induced @entity4 , as well as summarized the relevant literature. RESULTS: Two @entity0 had a slightly asymmetric, mixed, but primarily demyelinating @entity5 . One also had a substantial @entity3 . The third had an acute @entity1 resembling @entity9 . Seemingly, @entity6 kinase levels did not correlate with clinical or electromyographic evidence of @entity3 . Histologic evaluations of peripheral nerves revealed @entity2 , some axon loss, and a variable number of characteristic lysosomal inclusions. Muscle specimens from two @entity0 showed evidence of a @entity11 . After discontinuation of @entity8 , two @entity0 improved and one died of @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical features and onset times vary, @entity8 @entity4 manifests as a mixed @entity5 , @entity11 , or both. @entity6 kinase levels may not correlate with the degree of @entity3 . Variable numbers of lysosomal inclusions in peripheral nerve, endothelial cells, and muscle are characteristic.

title: @entity8 -induced XXXX : three cases and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity11 is a @entity15 that has protean neurologic manifestations involving both the central and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system manifestations of @entity11 can be divided chronologically into acute and chronic forms. Within weeks after disease onset, approximately 15% of untreated @entity0 develop an acute Lyme meningoradiculoneuritis with @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity7 , and sensory loss, often associated with @entity2 , usually @entity13 . Cerebrospinal fluid typically shows lymphocytic pleocytosis, high protein, and normal @entity6 . Diagnosis is made by recognition of characteristic clinical features with a history of preceding exposure and confirmed by serologic evidence of exposure to @entity9 or by antibody or PCR evidence of cerebrospinal fluid @entity5 . Months to years after onset, rare @entity0 may develop chronic @entity16 presenting with sensory symptoms or @entity3 . Diagnosis is confirmed by a history of exposure, previous systemic or acute neurologic manifestations of @entity11 , and serologic evidence of @entity5 . Pathology of @entity14 reveals @entity8 with perivascular mononuclear infiltration. Eradication of the organism can be achieved with 2 to 4 weeks of @entity10 for both acute and chronic @entity17 . Isolated @entity13 without evidence of cerebrospinal fluid @entity5 can be treated with oral antibiotics such as @entity12 . Prognosis after therapy is good, but neurologic recovery is slower for chronic than acute Lyme @entity18 .

title: Peripheral nervous system manifestations of XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Although @entity0 is often associated with high-fat diets, it can develop from a variety of meal patterns. Excessive intake of simple @entity10 is one consistent eating behavior leading to @entity0 . However, the impact of overconsumption of diets with high @entity7 to fat ratios (C/F) on body composition and global adipose tissue gene expression remains unclear. We used total enteral nutrition to evaluate the effects of caloric intake and C/F on body @entity6 and development of @entity0 . Female @entity1 were fed diets with either low C/F or @entity8 ( @entity8 ) (reflecting a 19.5-fold increase in C/F) at two levels of caloric intake: 187 or 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d (15% excess) for 4 wk. At the end of the study period, @entity1 fed @entity8 diets had about 20% higher body weight at either caloric intake compared with @entity1 fed low C/F diets (P < 0.05). Body composition (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, and adipose tissue weights) revealed higher percent fat mass (P < 0.05) in @entity8 @entity1 . @entity0 was associated with increased serum resistin, leptin, fasting @entity9 , and insulin resistance after an oral @entity4 challenge (P < 0.05). Microarray analyses of adipose tissues revealed @entity8 diets led to changes in 270 and 464 transcripts at 187 and 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d intakes. Genes regulating @entity4 transport, glycolysis, @entity5 and @entity3 biosynthesis, desaturation and elongation, adipogenesis, and adipokines were affected by @entity8 diets. These results suggest that C/F and interactions with excessive caloric intake per se may regulate body composition and play important roles in the development of @entity0 and @entity2 .

title: XXXX -responsive gene expression in the adipose tissue of @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Although @entity0 is often associated with high-fat diets, it can develop from a variety of meal patterns. Excessive intake of simple @entity10 is one consistent eating behavior leading to @entity0 . However, the impact of overconsumption of diets with high @entity7 to fat ratios (C/F) on body composition and global adipose tissue gene expression remains unclear. We used total enteral nutrition to evaluate the effects of caloric intake and C/F on body @entity6 and development of @entity0 . Female @entity1 were fed diets with either low C/F or @entity8 ( @entity8 ) (reflecting a 19.5-fold increase in C/F) at two levels of caloric intake: 187 or 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d (15% excess) for 4 wk. At the end of the study period, @entity1 fed @entity8 diets had about 20% higher body weight at either caloric intake compared with @entity1 fed low C/F diets (P < 0.05). Body composition (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, and adipose tissue weights) revealed higher percent fat mass (P < 0.05) in @entity8 @entity1 . @entity0 was associated with increased serum resistin, leptin, fasting @entity9 , and insulin resistance after an oral @entity4 challenge (P < 0.05). Microarray analyses of adipose tissues revealed @entity8 diets led to changes in 270 and 464 transcripts at 187 and 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d intakes. Genes regulating @entity4 transport, glycolysis, @entity5 and @entity3 biosynthesis, desaturation and elongation, adipogenesis, and adipokines were affected by @entity8 diets. These results suggest that C/F and interactions with excessive caloric intake per se may regulate body composition and play important roles in the development of @entity0 and @entity2 .

title: @entity7 -responsive gene expression in the adipose tissue of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Needle electromyography (EMG) findings in @entity0 with @entity1 can be classified as "irritable" or "non-irritable," depending on the presence or absence of "abnormal spontaneous activity" in the form of fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves, or complex, repetitive discharges. An irritable @entity1 suggests either an active necrotizing @entity1 and/or unstable muscle membrane potential. Although inflammatory @entity1 are traditionally considered to show irritable myopathic changes on EMG, the precise incidence of these changes is not known. We retrospectively reviewed the EMG findings in 178 consecutive @entity0 with biopsy-confirmed @entity1 . @entity2 was defined on the basis of biopsy findings combined with clinical features. Needle EMG showed "irritable" @entity1 in 66% of the @entity0 in the inflammatory histology myopathic group and in 30% @entity0 with non-inflammatory histology (p <0.00l). Overall, irritable EMG findings predicted an inflammatory histology in only 44% of @entity0 . The degree and distribution of irritability on EMG did not improve the probability of finding @entity2 . By the same token, non-irritable EMG findings also did not exclude inflammatory histology. We conclude that irritable @entity1 on EMG as defined above is not very sensitive and not very specific for predicting an inflammatory histology.

title: Incidence of irritable electromyography in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Alexithymia means a reduced capacity to identify and describe one's own feelings. Both stress and an alexithymic response to stress can contribute to relapse into @entity2 , but to our knowledge the neural processing of an alexithymic response to stress in @entity3 -dependent individuals has not been examined. METHODS: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging session,17 male and 10 female abstinent @entity3 -dependent subjects participated in script-guided imagery of neutral or stressful situations. Spatial preprocessing and statistical analysis of brain images were performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping Software (SPM2). Blood @entity1 level-dependent contrasts between stress and neutral imagery were correlated voxelwise with scores on the 26-item @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: Male @entity3 users demonstrated a positive correlation between @entity4 scores and activation in the right putamen and middle frontal cortex during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. In contrast, no brain regions showed a negative correlation with @entity4 scores. Female subjects demonstrated a negative correlation between @entity4 scores and activation in the right amygdala, thalamus, putamen, and left frontal and bilateral temporal cortices, and no positive correlations with @entity4 scores during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with greater alexithymic features showed reduced left-hemispheric cortical and right-hemispheric subcortical activation during processing of stress. However, @entity0 showed an opposite correlation in the right frontal cortex and putamen, suggesting that responses to stress in the putamen (activation v. deactivation) and frontal cortex (activation v. deactivation, as well as right v. left correlations) are critically different in association with alexithymia between male and female @entity3 -dependent @entity0 .

title: Alexithymia and stress-induced brain activation in XXXX -dependent @entity0 and @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Alexithymia means a reduced capacity to identify and describe one's own feelings. Both stress and an alexithymic response to stress can contribute to relapse into @entity2 , but to our knowledge the neural processing of an alexithymic response to stress in @entity3 -dependent individuals has not been examined. METHODS: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging session,17 male and 10 female abstinent @entity3 -dependent subjects participated in script-guided imagery of neutral or stressful situations. Spatial preprocessing and statistical analysis of brain images were performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping Software (SPM2). Blood @entity1 level-dependent contrasts between stress and neutral imagery were correlated voxelwise with scores on the 26-item @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: Male @entity3 users demonstrated a positive correlation between @entity4 scores and activation in the right putamen and middle frontal cortex during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. In contrast, no brain regions showed a negative correlation with @entity4 scores. Female subjects demonstrated a negative correlation between @entity4 scores and activation in the right amygdala, thalamus, putamen, and left frontal and bilateral temporal cortices, and no positive correlations with @entity4 scores during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with greater alexithymic features showed reduced left-hemispheric cortical and right-hemispheric subcortical activation during processing of stress. However, @entity0 showed an opposite correlation in the right frontal cortex and putamen, suggesting that responses to stress in the putamen (activation v. deactivation) and frontal cortex (activation v. deactivation, as well as right v. left correlations) are critically different in association with alexithymia between male and female @entity3 -dependent @entity0 .

title: Alexithymia and stress-induced brain activation in @entity3 -dependent XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Alexithymia means a reduced capacity to identify and describe one's own feelings. Both stress and an alexithymic response to stress can contribute to relapse into @entity2 , but to our knowledge the neural processing of an alexithymic response to stress in @entity3 -dependent individuals has not been examined. METHODS: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging session,17 male and 10 female abstinent @entity3 -dependent subjects participated in script-guided imagery of neutral or stressful situations. Spatial preprocessing and statistical analysis of brain images were performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping Software (SPM2). Blood @entity1 level-dependent contrasts between stress and neutral imagery were correlated voxelwise with scores on the 26-item @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: Male @entity3 users demonstrated a positive correlation between @entity4 scores and activation in the right putamen and middle frontal cortex during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. In contrast, no brain regions showed a negative correlation with @entity4 scores. Female subjects demonstrated a negative correlation between @entity4 scores and activation in the right amygdala, thalamus, putamen, and left frontal and bilateral temporal cortices, and no positive correlations with @entity4 scores during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with greater alexithymic features showed reduced left-hemispheric cortical and right-hemispheric subcortical activation during processing of stress. However, @entity0 showed an opposite correlation in the right frontal cortex and putamen, suggesting that responses to stress in the putamen (activation v. deactivation) and frontal cortex (activation v. deactivation, as well as right v. left correlations) are critically different in association with alexithymia between male and female @entity3 -dependent @entity0 .

title: Alexithymia and stress-induced brain activation in @entity3 -dependent @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The combination of liposomes and aerosols has been utilized to directly target the lungs with chemotherapeutic agents that might not have been used because of low solubility or @entity1 . There are a variety of antibacterials, antifungals, and antivirals that have good in vitro activity, but are not effective because of their systemic @entity1 and/or poor penetration into the lungs. Incorporation of many lipophilic drugs into liposomes decreases their @entity1 without affecting effectiveness, thus increasing the therapeutic index. We have focused on aerosol delivery of @entity4 (ampB) for the treatment of @entity3 . We have tested a variety of ampB-lipid formulations for the optimal treatment regimen for Cryptococcus and @entity5 in @entity0 models. The AeroTech II nebulizer (MMADs of 1.8-2.2 microns) produced aerosols with the highest concentrations in the breathable range. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that pulmonary drug was present for hours to weeks. AmBisome retained its anticryptococcal activity even when animals were challenged 14 days after aerosol treatment. @entity6 may also be effective in @entity2 . In our Candida- @entity0 model, @entity5 and mortality were reduced by aerosolized ampB-liposome treatment. The ability to utilize lipophilic drugs, to deliver high concentrations of drug directly to the site of infection, and to reduce @entity1 makes aerosol liposomes an attractive, alternative route of administration.

title: Liposomal aerosols in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of @entity5 in @entity0 referred to an electrodiagnostic laboratory with a history of shoulder @entity2 . The characteristics of those presenting with the triad of @entity6 , @entity5 , and rotator cuff tear were further examined. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all @entity0 referred to our electrodiagnostic laboratory over a 17-month period. Requisitions, clinical histories, physical findings, electrophysiological results, and radiologic investigations were reviewed. Inclusion for analysis was a clinical history of shoulder @entity2 and electrophysiological evidence of @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 1844 @entity0 studied, 48 had @entity1 associated with @entity2 to the shoulder. Twenty presented with @entity8 ; 17 @entity7 (axillary nerve was most common, 47%); and 11 multiple nerve involvement. Of the multiple nerves involved, the axillary was most commonly affected (45% axillary and musculocutaneous; 36% axillary and suprascapular). Fifteen (31%) @entity0 had a history of @entity6 , whereas 5 (10.4%) demonstrated the triad of dislocation, @entity1 , and rotator cuff tear. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is an important consideration in @entity0 with shoulder @entity2 . For @entity0 presenting with @entity1 post- @entity6 , it is important to consider a potential concomitant rotator cuff tear as an ongoing source of @entity3 or @entity4 . Similarly, a @entity0 with a rotator cuff tear following dislocation may have an associated @entity5 .

title: @entity5 associated with shoulder XXXX : a retrospective study and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of @entity5 in @entity0 referred to an electrodiagnostic laboratory with a history of shoulder @entity2 . The characteristics of those presenting with the triad of @entity6 , @entity5 , and rotator cuff tear were further examined. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all @entity0 referred to our electrodiagnostic laboratory over a 17-month period. Requisitions, clinical histories, physical findings, electrophysiological results, and radiologic investigations were reviewed. Inclusion for analysis was a clinical history of shoulder @entity2 and electrophysiological evidence of @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 1844 @entity0 studied, 48 had @entity1 associated with @entity2 to the shoulder. Twenty presented with @entity8 ; 17 @entity7 (axillary nerve was most common, 47%); and 11 multiple nerve involvement. Of the multiple nerves involved, the axillary was most commonly affected (45% axillary and musculocutaneous; 36% axillary and suprascapular). Fifteen (31%) @entity0 had a history of @entity6 , whereas 5 (10.4%) demonstrated the triad of dislocation, @entity1 , and rotator cuff tear. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is an important consideration in @entity0 with shoulder @entity2 . For @entity0 presenting with @entity1 post- @entity6 , it is important to consider a potential concomitant rotator cuff tear as an ongoing source of @entity3 or @entity4 . Similarly, a @entity0 with a rotator cuff tear following dislocation may have an associated @entity5 .

title: XXXX associated with shoulder @entity2 : a retrospective study and review of the literature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine effective biochemical markers and optimal sampling timing for prediction of neurological prognosis in post-surgical @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . Subjects were a sequential group of @entity2 @entity0 admitted to our centre who underwent @entity1 clipping before Day 3 and who received a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drain. CSF samples from 32 @entity0 were collected on Days 3, 7, and 14. Neurological outcome was assessed by neurosurgeons using the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months after onset. CSF levels of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 , and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the CSF concentrations of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) were determined using spectrophotometric assay. In univariate analysis, @entity7 on Days 3 and 14, @entity3 on Days 3 and 7, and @entity5 on Day 14 were significantly higher in the poor outcome group (GOS 1-4) than in the good outcome group (GOS 5). In multivariate analysis, only @entity5 on Day 14 was identified as a significant predictor of poor neurological outcome at 6 months after onset. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for @entity5 on Day 14 was 0.841. For a threshold of 0.3 microM, sensitivity and specificity were 0.875 and 0.750, respectively. Our findings suggest that these biochemical markers, especially @entity5 , show significant promise as predictors of neurological outcome in clinical practice.

title: Prognostic value of biochemical markers of brain damage and oxidative stress in post-surgical XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine effective biochemical markers and optimal sampling timing for prediction of neurological prognosis in post-surgical @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . Subjects were a sequential group of @entity2 @entity0 admitted to our centre who underwent @entity1 clipping before Day 3 and who received a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drain. CSF samples from 32 @entity0 were collected on Days 3, 7, and 14. Neurological outcome was assessed by neurosurgeons using the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months after onset. CSF levels of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 , and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the CSF concentrations of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) were determined using spectrophotometric assay. In univariate analysis, @entity7 on Days 3 and 14, @entity3 on Days 3 and 7, and @entity5 on Day 14 were significantly higher in the poor outcome group (GOS 1-4) than in the good outcome group (GOS 5). In multivariate analysis, only @entity5 on Day 14 was identified as a significant predictor of poor neurological outcome at 6 months after onset. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for @entity5 on Day 14 was 0.841. For a threshold of 0.3 microM, sensitivity and specificity were 0.875 and 0.750, respectively. Our findings suggest that these biochemical markers, especially @entity5 , show significant promise as predictors of neurological outcome in clinical practice.

title: Prognostic value of biochemical markers of brain damage and oxidative stress in post-surgical @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0