abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 consist of heterogeneous groups that frequently show complex and overlapping morphology, thus making it difficult to make a correct diagnosis. One of the most problematic differential diagnoses is to distinguish @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from @entity2 . These should be distinguished by differences in their behavior and clinical outcome. Our study was performed to identify whether @entity3 and MOC-31 are useful immunohistochemical markers for differentiating chromophobe @entity1 from @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 23 chromophobe RCCs, 8 @entity2 , and 25 clear cell RCCs and performed immunohistochemical staining for @entity3 and MOC-31. RESULTS: @entity3 was positive in 20 (87%) of 23 chromophobe RCCs, 0 of 8 @entity2 , and 21 (84%) of 25 clear cell RCCs. MOC-31 was positive in 22 (96%) of 23 chromophobe RCCs, 2 (25%) of 8 @entity2 , and 14 (56%) of 25 clear cell RCCs. There was a statistically significant difference in the expression of @entity3 and MOC-31 between chromophobe @entity1 and @entity2 (p<0.001). In addition, clear cell @entity1 was also significantly different from @entity2 in the expression of @entity3 (p<0.001) and was significantly different from chromophobe @entity1 in the expression of MOC-31 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 and MOC-31 can be useful markers in the differential diagnosis of chromophobe @entity1 , @entity2 , and clear cell @entity1 .

title: Diagnostic Utility of XXXX and MOC-31 in Distinguishing @entity1 from Renal Oncocytoma.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: (i) To map the spatial distribution of absolute @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 exposed to @entity5 and to compare the findings with @entity4 in normal individuals, and (ii) to describe the relationship between the major risk factors for absolute loss (gender, age, cumulative dose), and the severity of field loss, expressed as the number of locations with @entity4 per eye. METHODS: Visual field plots were retrospectively reviewed from 428 individuals. Perimetry was done with the T  bingen Automated Perimeter (using a threshold-oriented, marginally supraliminal strategy, 80   eccentricity, 99 test locations). Three hundred and sixty-one individuals were ophthalmologically normal, and 67 were @entity0 exposed to @entity5 who had performed reliably during perimetry prior to neurosurgery for @entity3 . Two hundred and sixty-six of the 361 normals were included on the empirical basis that they manifested @entity4 at no more than 19 stimulus locations per eye (the 74th percentile). The frequency per eye of @entity4 at each of 99 stimulus locations was determined for the normals and @entity0 . The effects of age, gender and cumulative dose of @entity5 on the number of ALs per individual was assessed by an analysis of covariance. A stochastic model was developed to determine the 50% probability of @entity4 at each location. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 67 @entity5 @entity0 exhibited at least 20 locations with @entity4 . The number of ALs was independent of age (p    =    0.7603). The frequency of @entity4 was 14.8% in the peripheral field and 1.0% in the central field (odds ratio 16.7; 95% CI 15.0-18.6%; p    <    0.0001). Those exposed to @entity5 exhibited a frequency of 17.1% ALs, compared to 5.2% for the normal individuals (odds ratio 3.77, 95% CI 3.6-4.0%; p    <    0.0001). According to the modelled data, males exhibited 20.9% (95% CI 1.3-44%; p    =    0.0360) more absolute losses than did females. The number of absolute losses per @entity0 doubled with an increase in cumulative dose of @entity5 of 936 g (95% CI 775-1181  g). CONCLUSIONS: According to this retrospective study, the spatial configuration of @entity1 attributable to @entity5 indicates sparing of the temporal field up to approximately 60   eccentricity. Such a finding is likely to explain, at least in part, the initially asymptomatic nature of the defect. This study reconfirms a (cumulative) dose effect of @entity5 on the extent of absolute field loss, with a greater risk for male gender.

title: Modelling the topography of XXXX in @entity0 exposed to the anti- @entity3 drug @entity5 and in normal subjects using automated static suprathreshold perimetry of the entire 80   visual field.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: (i) To map the spatial distribution of absolute @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 exposed to @entity5 and to compare the findings with @entity4 in normal individuals, and (ii) to describe the relationship between the major risk factors for absolute loss (gender, age, cumulative dose), and the severity of field loss, expressed as the number of locations with @entity4 per eye. METHODS: Visual field plots were retrospectively reviewed from 428 individuals. Perimetry was done with the T  bingen Automated Perimeter (using a threshold-oriented, marginally supraliminal strategy, 80   eccentricity, 99 test locations). Three hundred and sixty-one individuals were ophthalmologically normal, and 67 were @entity0 exposed to @entity5 who had performed reliably during perimetry prior to neurosurgery for @entity3 . Two hundred and sixty-six of the 361 normals were included on the empirical basis that they manifested @entity4 at no more than 19 stimulus locations per eye (the 74th percentile). The frequency per eye of @entity4 at each of 99 stimulus locations was determined for the normals and @entity0 . The effects of age, gender and cumulative dose of @entity5 on the number of ALs per individual was assessed by an analysis of covariance. A stochastic model was developed to determine the 50% probability of @entity4 at each location. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 67 @entity5 @entity0 exhibited at least 20 locations with @entity4 . The number of ALs was independent of age (p    =    0.7603). The frequency of @entity4 was 14.8% in the peripheral field and 1.0% in the central field (odds ratio 16.7; 95% CI 15.0-18.6%; p    <    0.0001). Those exposed to @entity5 exhibited a frequency of 17.1% ALs, compared to 5.2% for the normal individuals (odds ratio 3.77, 95% CI 3.6-4.0%; p    <    0.0001). According to the modelled data, males exhibited 20.9% (95% CI 1.3-44%; p    =    0.0360) more absolute losses than did females. The number of absolute losses per @entity0 doubled with an increase in cumulative dose of @entity5 of 936 g (95% CI 775-1181  g). CONCLUSIONS: According to this retrospective study, the spatial configuration of @entity1 attributable to @entity5 indicates sparing of the temporal field up to approximately 60   eccentricity. Such a finding is likely to explain, at least in part, the initially asymptomatic nature of the defect. This study reconfirms a (cumulative) dose effect of @entity5 on the extent of absolute field loss, with a greater risk for male gender.

title: Modelling the topography of @entity1 in @entity0 exposed to the anti- XXXX drug @entity5 and in normal subjects using automated static suprathreshold perimetry of the entire 80   visual field.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: (i) To map the spatial distribution of absolute @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 exposed to @entity5 and to compare the findings with @entity4 in normal individuals, and (ii) to describe the relationship between the major risk factors for absolute loss (gender, age, cumulative dose), and the severity of field loss, expressed as the number of locations with @entity4 per eye. METHODS: Visual field plots were retrospectively reviewed from 428 individuals. Perimetry was done with the T  bingen Automated Perimeter (using a threshold-oriented, marginally supraliminal strategy, 80   eccentricity, 99 test locations). Three hundred and sixty-one individuals were ophthalmologically normal, and 67 were @entity0 exposed to @entity5 who had performed reliably during perimetry prior to neurosurgery for @entity3 . Two hundred and sixty-six of the 361 normals were included on the empirical basis that they manifested @entity4 at no more than 19 stimulus locations per eye (the 74th percentile). The frequency per eye of @entity4 at each of 99 stimulus locations was determined for the normals and @entity0 . The effects of age, gender and cumulative dose of @entity5 on the number of ALs per individual was assessed by an analysis of covariance. A stochastic model was developed to determine the 50% probability of @entity4 at each location. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 67 @entity5 @entity0 exhibited at least 20 locations with @entity4 . The number of ALs was independent of age (p    =    0.7603). The frequency of @entity4 was 14.8% in the peripheral field and 1.0% in the central field (odds ratio 16.7; 95% CI 15.0-18.6%; p    <    0.0001). Those exposed to @entity5 exhibited a frequency of 17.1% ALs, compared to 5.2% for the normal individuals (odds ratio 3.77, 95% CI 3.6-4.0%; p    <    0.0001). According to the modelled data, males exhibited 20.9% (95% CI 1.3-44%; p    =    0.0360) more absolute losses than did females. The number of absolute losses per @entity0 doubled with an increase in cumulative dose of @entity5 of 936 g (95% CI 775-1181  g). CONCLUSIONS: According to this retrospective study, the spatial configuration of @entity1 attributable to @entity5 indicates sparing of the temporal field up to approximately 60   eccentricity. Such a finding is likely to explain, at least in part, the initially asymptomatic nature of the defect. This study reconfirms a (cumulative) dose effect of @entity5 on the extent of absolute field loss, with a greater risk for male gender.

title: Modelling the topography of @entity1 in @entity0 exposed to the anti- @entity3 drug XXXX and in normal subjects using automated static suprathreshold perimetry of the entire 80   visual field.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: (i) To map the spatial distribution of absolute @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 exposed to @entity5 and to compare the findings with @entity4 in normal individuals, and (ii) to describe the relationship between the major risk factors for absolute loss (gender, age, cumulative dose), and the severity of field loss, expressed as the number of locations with @entity4 per eye. METHODS: Visual field plots were retrospectively reviewed from 428 individuals. Perimetry was done with the T  bingen Automated Perimeter (using a threshold-oriented, marginally supraliminal strategy, 80   eccentricity, 99 test locations). Three hundred and sixty-one individuals were ophthalmologically normal, and 67 were @entity0 exposed to @entity5 who had performed reliably during perimetry prior to neurosurgery for @entity3 . Two hundred and sixty-six of the 361 normals were included on the empirical basis that they manifested @entity4 at no more than 19 stimulus locations per eye (the 74th percentile). The frequency per eye of @entity4 at each of 99 stimulus locations was determined for the normals and @entity0 . The effects of age, gender and cumulative dose of @entity5 on the number of ALs per individual was assessed by an analysis of covariance. A stochastic model was developed to determine the 50% probability of @entity4 at each location. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 67 @entity5 @entity0 exhibited at least 20 locations with @entity4 . The number of ALs was independent of age (p    =    0.7603). The frequency of @entity4 was 14.8% in the peripheral field and 1.0% in the central field (odds ratio 16.7; 95% CI 15.0-18.6%; p    <    0.0001). Those exposed to @entity5 exhibited a frequency of 17.1% ALs, compared to 5.2% for the normal individuals (odds ratio 3.77, 95% CI 3.6-4.0%; p    <    0.0001). According to the modelled data, males exhibited 20.9% (95% CI 1.3-44%; p    =    0.0360) more absolute losses than did females. The number of absolute losses per @entity0 doubled with an increase in cumulative dose of @entity5 of 936 g (95% CI 775-1181  g). CONCLUSIONS: According to this retrospective study, the spatial configuration of @entity1 attributable to @entity5 indicates sparing of the temporal field up to approximately 60   eccentricity. Such a finding is likely to explain, at least in part, the initially asymptomatic nature of the defect. This study reconfirms a (cumulative) dose effect of @entity5 on the extent of absolute field loss, with a greater risk for male gender.

title: Modelling the topography of @entity1 in XXXX exposed to the anti- @entity3 drug @entity5 and in normal subjects using automated static suprathreshold perimetry of the entire 80   visual field.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Enteropathogenic @entity3 (EPEC), a major cause of severe disease with @entity2 in @entity0 , is also involved in weaned @entity1 colibacillosis. EPEC O103 is frequent in @entity1 -fattening units of Western Europe. It causes high mortality and @entity4 , leading to substantial economic losses. We report here the construction by allelic exchange of an EPEC O103 strain mutated in espB and tir, two essential virulence genes. Upon live oral administration to weaned @entity1 , the E22DeltaTir/EspB mutant strain efficiently colonized the intestinal tract without any adverse consequences. The @entity1 were challenged with the highly pathogenic parental strain E22. The mutant provided complete protection to @entity1 and total resistance to intestinal colonization by E22. In addition, E22DeltaTir/EspB strain induced a specific humoral response against the bacterial adhesin AF/R2. These Abs prevent bacterial attachment to epithelial cells in vitro. These results open the way for the development of an efficient vaccine strategy against @entity1 EPEC infections.

title: Genetically engineered enteropathogenic XXXX elicits a specific immune response and protects against a virulent challenge.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) via the gastrointestinal route may impose risk of @entity1 . We investigated the effects of DEP given in the diet to Big Blue @entity0 by quantifying a panel of markers of DNA damage and repair, mutation, oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, and antioxidative defence mechanisms in colon mucosa cells, liver tissue and the blood compartment. Seven groups of @entity0 were fed a diet with 0, 0.2, 0.8, 2, 8, 20 or 80 mg DEP/kg feed for 21 days. DEP induced a significant increase in DNA strand breaks in colon and liver. There was no effect on oxidative DNA damage (8-oxodG) in @entity3 DNA or in the urine. However, the mRNA expression of @entity8 , encoding an enzyme involved in repair of @entity7 , was increased by DEP in both liver and colon. DNA adduct levels measured by 32P-post-labelling were elevated in colon and liver, and the expression of @entity9 gene was affected in liver, but not in colon. In addition to these effects, DEP exposure induced apoptosis in liver. There was no significant change in mutation frequency in @entity3 . The levels of oxidative protein modifications (oxidized @entity2 and @entity5 residues) were increased in liver accompanied by enhanced @entity4 levels. In plasma, we found no significant effects on oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, antioxidant enzymes or @entity4 levels. Our data indicate that gastrointestinal exposure to @entity6 induces DNA adducts and oxidative stress resulting in DNA strand breaks, enhanced repair capacity of oxidative base damage, apoptosis and protein oxidation in colon mucosa cells and liver.

title: DNA adduct formation and oxidative stress in colon and liver of Big Blue XXXX after dietary exposure to diesel particles.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Several cytokine genes may play crucial roles in host susceptibility to @entity1 ( @entity1 ), because the cytokine production capacity varies among individuals and depends on the cytokine gene polymorphisms. The association of the @entity2 and @entity3 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to @entity1 was investigated in this study. DNA samples were obtained from a Turkish population of 97 @entity0 with @entity1 and 76 healthy control subjects. All genotyping ( @entity2 and @entity3 ) experiments were performed using PCR sequence-specific primers. When compared with the healthy controls, the frequency of @entity2 -1098 TG and -590 CT genotypes was higher in the @entity0 with @entity1 . Analysis of allele frequencies showed that @entity2 -1098   G and @entity2 -590 T alleles were more common in the @entity0 with @entity1 when compared with healthy controls. Also, @entity2 TTC and haplotypes were found to confer @entity1 . Interestingly, we demonstrated that @entity3 gene polymorphism seems to be associated with the Pathergy test positivity in @entity0 with @entity1 . Our data suggest that @entity2 gene promoter polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to @entity1 and increase risk of developing the disease. However, in order to confirm and assess the association of @entity2 and @entity3 gene polymorphisms with the @entity1 , large cohort studies are needed.

title: XXXX gene polymorphisms confer Beh  et's disease in Turkish population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate operative approaches and techniques of reconstruction for rhinosinusal @entity1 involving in the anterior skull base. METHOD: In a retrospective study, clinical data of 22 @entity0 treated surgically in our department from 1988 to 2002 were analysed. Lateral rhinotomy was carried out in 8 @entity0 and ampliative rhinotomy in 4 @entity0 ; in 10 @entity0 craniofacial operation was performed. @entity3 were used to repair lager defect in the anterior skull base. RESULT: All @entity1 were totally resected. In lateral rhinotomy, local locoeled @entity4 happened in 1 case, and 4 @entity0 in craniofacial operation. None complication with cerebrospinal fluid leaks, @entity5 and intracranial air. All @entity0 were followed up from 6 months to 11 years after surgery. 7 @entity0 died from @entity2 or metastasis of @entity1 . 3-year survival rates was 15/19(78.9%); 5-year survival rates was 13/19(68.4%). The @entity1 invaded the orbital fascia in 9 @entity0 . Vs 4/9 (44.4%) and 2/9(22.2%) for these 3 and 5-year survival rates. CONCLUSION: Selection of operative approaches depends on the size of defects in the anterior skull base, extent of intracranial invasion and location of rhinosinusal @entity1 ; multiple layer fascia flaps can be used to reconstruct bigger defects of the skull base. It is safe, technically easy, effective procedure and worthy to be recommended.

title: [Selection of operative approaches for XXXX involving in the anterior skull base and exploration for reconstruction].

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the previous work we have found two peaks of catalase activity at acid and neutral pH in partially destroyed bacteria @entity1 KS400. The present study indicates that catalase activity with two pH-optimums is sensitive to pH of cultivation medium. The relative catalase activity of frozen-thawed bacteria preparations measured at pH 3.5 increased two-fold and activity measured at pH 7.0 didn't change by shift of medium pH from value 5.5 to 7.0. In analogical preparations of bacteria grown in slightly alkaline media activity with acid maximum was not observed, but activity with neutral maximum rose to 130% in comparison with the intact cells was revealed. Two peaks of activity differed in their sensitivity to bacteria destruction, heating, inhibition by @entity2 and AMT, oxidative stress. The analysis of recent literature information and experimental data leads us to conclude that the activity with neutral pH-optimum consists of two known catalase forms @entity3 and @entity4 in @entity0 . The ratio of @entity3 and @entity4 is 70 and 30%, respectively what was concluded from inhibition of catalase activity with neutral pH-optimum by AMT. Properties of catalase activity with acid pH-optimum didn't corresponding to any known enzyme forms. It is suggested the activity measured at pH 3.5 is results of some unstable activator which acts in acid pH range. It is possible that the described activity with acid pH-optimum is specific for the used @entity0 . Investigation of another strain of @entity1 AB1157 confirmed this idea where the activity peak with acid pH-optimum was not detected.

title: [pH-dependency of XXXX catalase activity under modified culture conditions].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze clinicopathological correlation of detection of @entity1 micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes (LNs) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Regional LNs (n=261) were obtained from 40 @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent lobectomy. Each LN was bisected. Half of each LN was subjected to histological examination (HE) and the other half was subjected to RT-PCR amplification of @entity4 mRNA. RESULTS: In 18 of 40 @entity0 , the @entity2 in regional LNs was found by both HE and RT-PCR. Of 22 N0 diseases diagnosed by HE, 6 (27%) were found to express @entity4 mRNA in regional LNs. According to the results of regional LNs @entity2 in 40 @entity0 by @entity4 RT-PCR, the presence of the @entity4 product in LNs was related to @entity3 size (Chi-square=5.76, P < 0.025), the presence of @entity3 vascular invasion (Chi-square=3.88, P < 0.05), cell differentiation of the @entity3 (Chi-square=7.08, P < 0.01) and P-TNM stages (Chi-square=7.42, P < 0.01). In the histologically node-negative @entity0 , lymph node micrometastasis was significantly related to @entity3 size (P=0.038, exact test) and P-TNM stage (P=0.01, exact test). However, the results of routine histological examination did not show the above clinicopathological correlation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The RT-PCR method is superior to routine histological examination in detecting @entity2 in LNs. The micrometastasis in LNs can be detected accurately by RT-PCR. It is helpful for screening the @entity0 in whom the early subclinical @entity2 exists and disclosing the intrinsic rule of malignancy @entity2 .

title: [Clinicopathological correlation of detection of regional lymph nodes micrometastasis in @entity0 with XXXX by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze clinicopathological correlation of detection of @entity1 micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes (LNs) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Regional LNs (n=261) were obtained from 40 @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent lobectomy. Each LN was bisected. Half of each LN was subjected to histological examination (HE) and the other half was subjected to RT-PCR amplification of @entity4 mRNA. RESULTS: In 18 of 40 @entity0 , the @entity2 in regional LNs was found by both HE and RT-PCR. Of 22 N0 diseases diagnosed by HE, 6 (27%) were found to express @entity4 mRNA in regional LNs. According to the results of regional LNs @entity2 in 40 @entity0 by @entity4 RT-PCR, the presence of the @entity4 product in LNs was related to @entity3 size (Chi-square=5.76, P < 0.025), the presence of @entity3 vascular invasion (Chi-square=3.88, P < 0.05), cell differentiation of the @entity3 (Chi-square=7.08, P < 0.01) and P-TNM stages (Chi-square=7.42, P < 0.01). In the histologically node-negative @entity0 , lymph node micrometastasis was significantly related to @entity3 size (P=0.038, exact test) and P-TNM stage (P=0.01, exact test). However, the results of routine histological examination did not show the above clinicopathological correlation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The RT-PCR method is superior to routine histological examination in detecting @entity2 in LNs. The micrometastasis in LNs can be detected accurately by RT-PCR. It is helpful for screening the @entity0 in whom the early subclinical @entity2 exists and disclosing the intrinsic rule of malignancy @entity2 .

title: [Clinicopathological correlation of detection of regional lymph nodes micrometastasis in XXXX with @entity1 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Identifying features that differentiate @entity0 with @entity3 from those with other conditions may assist clinical decision making during waves of pandemic @entity6 activity. METHODS: From April 27 to June 15, 2009, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all adults presenting to two urban emergency departments (EDs) with illness including @entity2 . @entity3 was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Chart review was performed to compare cases of H1N1 @entity6 (n = 117) to matched controls. RESULTS: The median age of cases was 35 years versus 50 years for controls (p < .001). In those with pre-existing conditions, @entity4 was present in 31% of cases versus 14% of controls (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.4). Cough (OR 7.8, 95% CI 3.2-19), fever (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7-5.4), @entity1 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.2), and @entity7 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1) were significantly more common in H1N1 cases. The median white blood cell count was 5.7   109/mL versus 10.9   109/mL (p < .001). The combination of fever and cough had an OR of 5.3. Fever, cough, low white blood cell (WBC) count, and @entity5 had the highest OR at 11. The absence of both fever and cough had a negative predictive value of 99%, but this occurred in only 8% of controls. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 presenting to the @entity8 , the combination of fever, cough, @entity5 , and WBC count < 10   109/mL was suggestive of @entity3 . However, clinical features could not reliably distinguish @entity6 from other acute respiratory illnesses in adult @entity8 @entity0 .

title: Predictors of pandemic XXXX in adults presenting to two urban emergency departments, Toronto, 2009.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The only possibility to diagnose peritoneal @entity1 is laparoscopy or laparotomy with tissue sampling for histology. @entity0 with impalpable @entity1 not visible on ultrasound suffering from @entity2 or teenagers with @entity3 , where @entity1 may also be expected, would greatly benefit from an inoperative diagnostic method. A sure and comfortable method of assessing the effectiveness of @entity1 treatment does not exist. The aim of the study was description of the alpha 3 @entity4 , alpha 4 @entity4 integrins and @entity4 chain expression in endometrial biopsies in @entity0 suffering from @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy was performed in 32 @entity0 because of @entity2 (n = 23) and/or @entity3 (n = 11). For histochemical stainings of endometrial biopsy primary and secondary mouse antibodies to @entity0 @entity4 chain were used (DAKO). RESULTS: In 17 @entity0 peritoneal @entity1 was diagnosed by biopsy at the time of laparoscopy. An alpha 3 @entity4 integrin was more common in the glandular epithelium of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity4 subunit was less frequently observed in the stroma of the @entity1 group than in @entity0 without @entity1 . The differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The selected integrins do not yet allow finding a pattern characteristic for @entity1 .

title: Integrin pattern in XXXX endometrium--new diagnostic tool in pelvic endometriosis?

answer: @entity0


abstract: How @entity0 process and represent magnitude has often been studied using number comparison tasks. From the results of these tasks, a comparison distance effect (CDE) is generated, showing that it is easier to discriminate two numbers that are numerically further apart (e.g., 2 and 8) compared with numerically closer numbers (e.g., 6 and 8). However, it has been suggested that the CDE reflects decisional processes rather than magnitude representation. In this study, therefore, we investigated the development of symbolic and nonsymbolic number processes in kindergartners and first, second, and sixth graders using the priming paradigm. This task has been shown to measure magnitude and not decisional processes. Our findings revealed that a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is already present in kindergartners and that it remains stable across development. This suggests that formal schooling does not affect magnitude representation. No differences were found between the symbolic and nonsymbolic @entity1 , indicating that both notations are processed with comparable precision. Finally, a poorer performance on a standardized mathematics test seemed to be associated with a smaller @entity1 for both notations, possibly suggesting that @entity0 with lower mathematics scores have a less precise coding of magnitude. This supports the defective number module hypothesis, which assumes an impairment of number sense.

title: XXXX 's representation of symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude examined with the priming paradigm.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 @entity2 is caused by Besnoitia besnoiti, an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite. Affected animals present cutaneous and systemic manifestations and the disease may lead to considerable economic losses. Although generally associated to tropical and subtropical areas, @entity1 @entity2 is now considered an emergent disease in Europe, due to the increasing number of new cases and apparent geographical expansion. In this study we evaluated the performance of a modified agglutination test (B-MAT) in the serodiagnosis of @entity1 @entity2 in comparison to the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test (IFAT). To establish optimal protocol conditions we used @entity1 sera with a known @entity0 status for B. @entity0 . Positive animals (n=36) presented B. besnoiti dermal cysts and anti-B. besnoiti specific antibodies, as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT). Negative animals (n=103) were from non-endemic areas in Portugal and negative by the IFAT. From here, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the B-MAT relative to the IFAT with a panel of sera from herds with history of @entity1 @entity2 in Portugal, Spain and France (n=402), using three serum dilutions (1:80, 1:160, 1:320). Considering the positive cut-off at 1:160 serum dilution, the B-MAT showed an almost perfect test agreement with the IFAT; (k=0.968; 95% CI: 0.941-0.996) with a relative sensitivity of 97.2% (95% CI: 94.1-100%) and a relative specificity of 99.3% (95% CI: 98.4-100%). As a simple and inexpensive technique the B-MAT represents a valuable tool for the diagnosis and study of the epidemiology of @entity1 @entity2 .

title: A modified agglutination test for the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Cytotoxic anticancer drugs are less effective in killing @entity1 cells grown as multicellular spheroids than monolayer cell cultures. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance. METHODS: @entity2 A2780, CAOV3 multicellular spheroids were obtained from three-dimensional culture. Expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was determined using Western blot analysis and flow cytometry (FCM). The subcellular distribution of @entity3 was also determined using laser confocal microscope. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect the @entity3 mRNA of both monolayer cells and multicellular spheroids. Cell cycle profiles and apoptosis were also analyzed using FACS. The resistance was detected with @entity4 exclusion testing. RESULTS: Compared with control cells, no expression of @entity3 was detected in monolayer cells, but expression of @entity3 in aggregate cells was significantly elevated(P< 0.05). The @entity3 mRNA positive nodes were confirmed by RT-PCR in the aggregate cells. The percentage of cells increased in G(0)-G(1) phase and decreased in S and G(2)-M phase significantly in spheroids cells. Spheroids cells showed higher cell viability than monolayer cells (P(A2780)=0.003, P( @entity0 )=0.015). More apoptotic cells were induced by Taxol in MCS cells than in monolayer cells. CONCLUSION: @entity2 A2780, CAOV3 multicellular spheroids cultures induced cell resistance to Taxol. High expression of @entity3 was induced in ovarian multicellular spheroids and the cells were arrested in G(0)-G(1) phase.

title: [Resistance of multicellular spheroids to taxol in @entity0 XXXX and its mechanism].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Cytotoxic anticancer drugs are less effective in killing @entity1 cells grown as multicellular spheroids than monolayer cell cultures. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance. METHODS: @entity2 A2780, CAOV3 multicellular spheroids were obtained from three-dimensional culture. Expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was determined using Western blot analysis and flow cytometry (FCM). The subcellular distribution of @entity3 was also determined using laser confocal microscope. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect the @entity3 mRNA of both monolayer cells and multicellular spheroids. Cell cycle profiles and apoptosis were also analyzed using FACS. The resistance was detected with @entity4 exclusion testing. RESULTS: Compared with control cells, no expression of @entity3 was detected in monolayer cells, but expression of @entity3 in aggregate cells was significantly elevated(P< 0.05). The @entity3 mRNA positive nodes were confirmed by RT-PCR in the aggregate cells. The percentage of cells increased in G(0)-G(1) phase and decreased in S and G(2)-M phase significantly in spheroids cells. Spheroids cells showed higher cell viability than monolayer cells (P(A2780)=0.003, P( @entity0 )=0.015). More apoptotic cells were induced by Taxol in MCS cells than in monolayer cells. CONCLUSION: @entity2 A2780, CAOV3 multicellular spheroids cultures induced cell resistance to Taxol. High expression of @entity3 was induced in ovarian multicellular spheroids and the cells were arrested in G(0)-G(1) phase.

title: [Resistance of multicellular spheroids to taxol in XXXX @entity2 and its mechanism].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of saline infusion on proximal @entity1 reabsorption was compared in normal @entity0 and in @entity0 with acute or chronic partial thoracic vena cava obstruction. After acute vena cava obstruction, proximal fractional @entity1 reabsorption rose by 74%. During continued caval obstruction, saline loading strikingly reduced proximal reabsorption but @entity1 excretion remained minimal. In chronic caval @entity0 , saline loading reduced proximal fractional @entity1 reabsorption by 31% but @entity1 excretion in the micropunctured kidney was only 41 muEq/min. After saline infusion in normal @entity0 , proximal fractional @entity1 reabsorption fell 39% while unilateral @entity1 excretion rose to 584 muEq/min. Nephron filtration rate was also measured before and after saline loading in normal and chronic caval @entity0 in both repunctured and fresh tubules. There was a marked increase in nephron filtration rate in repunctured tubules and no change in freshly punctured tubules in both groups. The effect of saline loading on nephron filtration rate in normal and chronic caval @entity0 was similar, therefore, whether repunctured or fresh @entity2 were considered.We conclude that saline infusion depresses proximal @entity1 reabsorption in acute and chronic TVC @entity0 . Since saline loading markedly increases distal delivery without a concomitant natriuresis, enhanced distal reabsorption must play a major role in the @entity1 retention exhibited by chronic caval @entity0 . Redistribution of filtrate does not appear to be a factor in this @entity1 retention.

title: Proximal tubular function in XXXX with thoracic caval constriction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The musculoskeletal system is one of the most commonly affected systems in @entity10 . The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, types, and clinical features of @entity9 among cases with @entity10 in the Central Anatolia region of @entity3 and to establish the differences between @entity0 with and without @entity9 . METHODS: Included in this study were 202 @entity0 with @entity10 presented between June 2003 and June 2009. The diagnosis of @entity1 was established by physical examination and radiological findings obtained by diagnostic imaging tools. Magnetic resonance images of thoracic, lumbar or sacral vertebrae were acquired from @entity0 with @entity4 , @entity7 and sacro-iliac joint @entity2 . RESULTS: Osteoarticular involvement was noted in 94 @entity0 (46.5%). The most common sources of infection are employment in farming and/or consumption of un-pasteurized milk or dairy products, especially fresh cheese in 53 (75.7%) cases. The mean age is 46.7  18 years. @entity11 is the most frequent @entity9 (60.6%), 82.4% of which is bilateral. @entity11 was followed by @entity6 in 36 (38.3%), peripheral @entity5 in 15 (16%), @entity8 in 1(1.1%) case. @entity0 with @entity9 received medical treatment for at least three months. CONCLUSION: The ratio and anatomical region of @entity9 in @entity10 show variability among countries. In this study, it is demonstrated that @entity11 is the most common form of @entity9 in the Central Anatolia region of @entity3 . In endemic countries such as @entity3 , this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis for @entity0 with symptoms of @entity11 , @entity6 or those with @entity2 .

title: Osteoarticular involvement among 202 @entity10 cases identified in Central Anatolia region of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The musculoskeletal system is one of the most commonly affected systems in @entity10 . The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, types, and clinical features of @entity9 among cases with @entity10 in the Central Anatolia region of @entity3 and to establish the differences between @entity0 with and without @entity9 . METHODS: Included in this study were 202 @entity0 with @entity10 presented between June 2003 and June 2009. The diagnosis of @entity1 was established by physical examination and radiological findings obtained by diagnostic imaging tools. Magnetic resonance images of thoracic, lumbar or sacral vertebrae were acquired from @entity0 with @entity4 , @entity7 and sacro-iliac joint @entity2 . RESULTS: Osteoarticular involvement was noted in 94 @entity0 (46.5%). The most common sources of infection are employment in farming and/or consumption of un-pasteurized milk or dairy products, especially fresh cheese in 53 (75.7%) cases. The mean age is 46.7  18 years. @entity11 is the most frequent @entity9 (60.6%), 82.4% of which is bilateral. @entity11 was followed by @entity6 in 36 (38.3%), peripheral @entity5 in 15 (16%), @entity8 in 1(1.1%) case. @entity0 with @entity9 received medical treatment for at least three months. CONCLUSION: The ratio and anatomical region of @entity9 in @entity10 show variability among countries. In this study, it is demonstrated that @entity11 is the most common form of @entity9 in the Central Anatolia region of @entity3 . In endemic countries such as @entity3 , this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis for @entity0 with symptoms of @entity11 , @entity6 or those with @entity2 .

title: Osteoarticular involvement among 202 XXXX cases identified in Central Anatolia region of @entity3 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: A 58-year old @entity0 was referred to our hospital for treatment of an abdominal mass. As for him, @entity1 resection with right nephrectomy had been performed ten years ago for a giant well-differentiated @entity3 . CT examination showed a huge @entity1 shadow in the abdominal cavity. Abdominal MRI examination showed a 15   8 cm @entity1 with almost high signal intensity on the T2 weighted images. At laparotomy, a large bulky @entity1 pointed out before an operation was found. Surgical extirpation of the @entity1 was performed. Besides, several @entity1 of the thumb head size were detected into right retroperitoneal fatty tissue. The right side mesocolon and the @entity1 were not able to exfoliate, therefore right hemicolectomy was performed. Histological features showed @entity2 . The postoperative course was uneventful. But eight months after surgery, he was admitted again for treatment of a 4   3 cm @entity1 . Extirpation of the @entity1 was performed. Histological finding of this @entity1 also showed @entity2 . Dedifferentiation, occurring in 15% of the well-differentiated @entity2 , sometimes may develop later. Long-term detailed follow-up is necessary for well-differentiated @entity2 .

title: A case of XXXX which recurred ten years later from the initial operation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with positron emission tomography (PET) has advantages over single-photon emission computerized tomography, particularly for @entity0 . This investigation was undertaken to define the prognosis of a normal stress PET MPI study in @entity0 . METHODS: The cohort comprised 457 @entity0 evaluated for suspected @entity5 ( @entity5 ) who had normal pharmacologic stress (82)Rb PET MPI. No @entity0 had clinically evident @entity5 . Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine @entity2 and initial nonfatal cardiac event rates over 7 years. Log rank tests were used to assess the relationship between baseline cardiac risk and events during follow-up, and to contrast survival in the cohort with age- and gender-matched US census comparators. RESULTS: During follow-up, there were 11 deaths (all nonischemic), 3 nonfatal @entity6 , 3 percutaneous coronary interventions and 1 coronary artery bypass operation. Average risks of @entity2 and initial nonfatal @entity3 were 0.72 and 0.47% per year, respectively. @entity3 were associated with a history of @entity1 (p < 0.0003) and a family history of @entity5 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A normal cardiac PET study is associated with a very low rate of future @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity1 and a strong family history of @entity5 are more likely to sustain events and require close surveillance for the development of @entity4 .

title: Prognosis of a normal positron emission tomography 82Rb myocardial perfusion imaging study in @entity0 with no history of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with positron emission tomography (PET) has advantages over single-photon emission computerized tomography, particularly for @entity0 . This investigation was undertaken to define the prognosis of a normal stress PET MPI study in @entity0 . METHODS: The cohort comprised 457 @entity0 evaluated for suspected @entity5 ( @entity5 ) who had normal pharmacologic stress (82)Rb PET MPI. No @entity0 had clinically evident @entity5 . Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine @entity2 and initial nonfatal cardiac event rates over 7 years. Log rank tests were used to assess the relationship between baseline cardiac risk and events during follow-up, and to contrast survival in the cohort with age- and gender-matched US census comparators. RESULTS: During follow-up, there were 11 deaths (all nonischemic), 3 nonfatal @entity6 , 3 percutaneous coronary interventions and 1 coronary artery bypass operation. Average risks of @entity2 and initial nonfatal @entity3 were 0.72 and 0.47% per year, respectively. @entity3 were associated with a history of @entity1 (p < 0.0003) and a family history of @entity5 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A normal cardiac PET study is associated with a very low rate of future @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity1 and a strong family history of @entity5 are more likely to sustain events and require close surveillance for the development of @entity4 .

title: Prognosis of a normal positron emission tomography 82Rb myocardial perfusion imaging study in XXXX with no history of @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The relation between the morphologic configuration of QRS complexes during wide QRS @entity1 induced during electrophysiologic studies and sinus rhythm was examined in 18 @entity0 who had preexisting left or @entity2 . Representative QRS complexes during sinus rhythm and during @entity1 were isolated from each @entity0 and juxtaposed for comparison. The QRS complexes that constituted each pair were judged by 4 observers as being identical, different or, if the decision was equivocal, similar. Nine @entity0 had @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In 8 of the 9 @entity0 , all 4 observers found the QRS complexes during sinus rhythm and @entity5 identical in morphologic configuration. In the other @entity0 , 2 observers found the QRS complexes identical and 2 found them similar. In 12 @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was induced. In 11 of these 12, all 4 observers found the QRS complexes during @entity4 different from their respective sinus beats. In the other @entity0 , 3 observers found the QRS complexes different, whereas the fourth found them similar. During @entity5 , the QRS duration was unchanged from the corresponding value during sinus rhythm, whereas in @entity0 with @entity4 , QRS width increased by a mean of 56 +/- 20 ms (p less than 0.001). The results of our study suggest that the electrocardiographic differentiation of wide QRS @entity1 in @entity0 with preexisting @entity6 can be accomplished easily and accurately by comparing the QRS complexes during @entity1 with those during sinus rhythm: If the complexes are identical, the @entity1 is supraventricular, but if they are different, the @entity3 is ventricular in origin.

title: Value of preexisting XXXX in the electrocardiographic differentiation of supraventricular from ventricular origin of wide QRS @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The relation between the morphologic configuration of QRS complexes during wide QRS @entity1 induced during electrophysiologic studies and sinus rhythm was examined in 18 @entity0 who had preexisting left or @entity2 . Representative QRS complexes during sinus rhythm and during @entity1 were isolated from each @entity0 and juxtaposed for comparison. The QRS complexes that constituted each pair were judged by 4 observers as being identical, different or, if the decision was equivocal, similar. Nine @entity0 had @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In 8 of the 9 @entity0 , all 4 observers found the QRS complexes during sinus rhythm and @entity5 identical in morphologic configuration. In the other @entity0 , 2 observers found the QRS complexes identical and 2 found them similar. In 12 @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was induced. In 11 of these 12, all 4 observers found the QRS complexes during @entity4 different from their respective sinus beats. In the other @entity0 , 3 observers found the QRS complexes different, whereas the fourth found them similar. During @entity5 , the QRS duration was unchanged from the corresponding value during sinus rhythm, whereas in @entity0 with @entity4 , QRS width increased by a mean of 56 +/- 20 ms (p less than 0.001). The results of our study suggest that the electrocardiographic differentiation of wide QRS @entity1 in @entity0 with preexisting @entity6 can be accomplished easily and accurately by comparing the QRS complexes during @entity1 with those during sinus rhythm: If the complexes are identical, the @entity1 is supraventricular, but if they are different, the @entity3 is ventricular in origin.

title: Value of preexisting @entity6 in the electrocardiographic differentiation of supraventricular from ventricular origin of wide QRS XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Class-II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) present @entity2 antigenic peptides on the cell surface in order to be recognized by T lymphocytes. Thereby, these molecules can play an important role in the immune response to @entity0 antigens. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between @entity0 and HLA class-II alleles in @entity3 . The study groups consisted of 69 @entity0 @entity1 and 45 healthy controls. Typing of @entity4 and @entity6 from DNA samples was performed by Sequence Specific Oligonucletide Hybridisation. Significant negative correlations were observed between @entity4 03 and @entity6 02 alleles and @entity0 (p1 = 0.019; p2 = 0.019) and also between @entity6 02 allele and postmenopausal @entity0 (P = 0.022) and @entity5 positivity (P = 0.038). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between @entity4 13 and @entity6 06 alleles and progesteron receptor positivity (p1 = 0.012; p2 = 0.001); and a significant negative correlation between @entity6 03 allele and progesteron receptor positivity (P = 0.009) in @entity0 . Additionally, another significant positive correlation was seen between @entity4 04 allele and @entity5 positivity (P = 0.036). As a result, while @entity4 03, @entity6 02, @entity4 13, and @entity6 06 alleles were found to be involved in protectiveness against @entity0 and good prognosis; @entity6 03 and @entity4 04 alleles were found to be involved in poor prognosis. In conclusion, by determining allele types showing predisposition to @entity0 , a systematical screening and follow up systems can be developed for @entity1 who are at high risk.

title: HLA class-II allele frequencies in Turkish XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Class-II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) present @entity2 antigenic peptides on the cell surface in order to be recognized by T lymphocytes. Thereby, these molecules can play an important role in the immune response to @entity0 antigens. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between @entity0 and HLA class-II alleles in @entity3 . The study groups consisted of 69 @entity0 @entity1 and 45 healthy controls. Typing of @entity4 and @entity6 from DNA samples was performed by Sequence Specific Oligonucletide Hybridisation. Significant negative correlations were observed between @entity4 03 and @entity6 02 alleles and @entity0 (p1 = 0.019; p2 = 0.019) and also between @entity6 02 allele and postmenopausal @entity0 (P = 0.022) and @entity5 positivity (P = 0.038). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between @entity4 13 and @entity6 06 alleles and progesteron receptor positivity (p1 = 0.012; p2 = 0.001); and a significant negative correlation between @entity6 03 allele and progesteron receptor positivity (P = 0.009) in @entity0 . Additionally, another significant positive correlation was seen between @entity4 04 allele and @entity5 positivity (P = 0.036). As a result, while @entity4 03, @entity6 02, @entity4 13, and @entity6 06 alleles were found to be involved in protectiveness against @entity0 and good prognosis; @entity6 03 and @entity4 04 alleles were found to be involved in poor prognosis. In conclusion, by determining allele types showing predisposition to @entity0 , a systematical screening and follow up systems can be developed for @entity1 who are at high risk.

title: HLA class-II allele frequencies in Turkish @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: Case 1: A 46-year old female @entity0 presented with a recently occurred icterus of unknown origin as well as dark urine and decolored stool. No diseases were found in the @entity0 's medical history. Clinical examination showed no other findings exept from the icterus. Case 2: A 48-year old female @entity0 was admitted to hospital with @entity5 and icterus. Similar symptoms reoccurred regularly since several years. The @entity0 already underwent cholecystectomy and an ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography) that showed no pathological findings. She reported @entity11 in her finger joints and appearance of haematomas without adequate @entity4 . CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS: Case 1: We found highly elevated liver enzymes and @entity8 . Ultrasound examination was unremarkable.The laboratory examination showed a negative serology for @entity3 , B and C, marked immunoglobulin G (IgG) elevation and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Liver biopsy and analysis of autoimmune antibodies were performed showing high titers of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and @entity13 ( @entity13 ). Case 2: We found a considerably reduced liver function with low albumin and prothrombin time, as well as a moderate elevation of liver enzymes and a high @entity8 . Ultrasound examination revealed hepatic parenchymal changes, splenomegaly, and @entity10 . Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy showed oesophageal varices I  . Serology for @entity3 , B, and C was negative. Also in this case, a marked IgG elevation and hypergammaglobulinaemia were found. Liver biopsy was performed. Autoimmune antibodies (ANA and @entity13 ) were detectable with high titers. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: In both cases, we diagnosed an @entity9 by means of laboratory values, histological findings and detection of typical autoantibodies. Immediate therapy with high-dose @entity7 therapy was initiated (case 1: 60 mg/day; case 2: 100 mg/day), resulting in improvement of @entity0 ' condition, clinical findings and laboratory values in both cases. Case 1: The @entity0 showed fast recovery under @entity7 and the further course was without any complications. Continuous therapy with 15 mg /day and clinical monitoring through day hospital was recommended. Case 2: We saw a slower recovery and prolonged reduced liver function with the necessity to substitute coagulation factors. Furthermore, the therapy of subsequent complications, such as surgical drainage of a haematoma, @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity6 under @entity7 was necessary. Liver transplantation is planned if the disease progresses further. CONCLUSION: Elevated liver enzymes should always be further investigated. @entity9 is a rare disease. Rapid response to immunosuppressive therapy, such as @entity7 , is characteristic. Early diagnosis and therapy are essential for the @entity0 prognosis. Liver transplantation is indicated in @entity12 .

title: [ XXXX : two case reports with different clinical courses - case 3/2011].

answer: @entity9


abstract: The mechanism of uptake of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) by enterocytes and their subsequent fate have been uncertain. To examine this problem double-labeled IF X @entity4 was added to small intestinal organ cultures. When 125I-IF X [57Co]Cbl was added to @entity0 ileal explants, binding and internalization increased linearly for 24 h. After an 18-h chase with nonlabeled IF X @entity4 , no 125I-IF returned to the cell surface. An amount of 35-45% of the internalized @entity4 was found free, not bound to @entity5 or any other protein. About 60% of both internalized ligands was bound to membranes but by a non- @entity1 -dependent bond, suggesting binding to a protein other than the brush-border receptor. @entity3 was released from @entity5 at pH 5.0 to the same degree (30%) as free @entity4 was found inside the cell (35-45%). Neither pancreatic proteases nor ileal homogenates effected release of @entity4 from @entity5 . When cathepsins were added, the @entity4 released was no greater than could be attributed to pH 5.0 alone. @entity2 added to tissue explants did not alter the percentage of free intracellular @entity4 . From these results we suggest that IF X @entity4 is internalized and detached from the receptor within the enterocyte. The mechanism of release is not known but seems to require an acid pH (5.0). The @entity4 is released in the mucosa, perhaps when the IF X @entity4 complex enters a nonlysosomal cellular compartment with an acidic environment. There is no substantial recycling of @entity5 to the brush-border membrane.

title: Intestinal uptake and release of @entity3 complexed with rat XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The mechanism of uptake of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) by enterocytes and their subsequent fate have been uncertain. To examine this problem double-labeled IF X @entity4 was added to small intestinal organ cultures. When 125I-IF X [57Co]Cbl was added to @entity0 ileal explants, binding and internalization increased linearly for 24 h. After an 18-h chase with nonlabeled IF X @entity4 , no 125I-IF returned to the cell surface. An amount of 35-45% of the internalized @entity4 was found free, not bound to @entity5 or any other protein. About 60% of both internalized ligands was bound to membranes but by a non- @entity1 -dependent bond, suggesting binding to a protein other than the brush-border receptor. @entity3 was released from @entity5 at pH 5.0 to the same degree (30%) as free @entity4 was found inside the cell (35-45%). Neither pancreatic proteases nor ileal homogenates effected release of @entity4 from @entity5 . When cathepsins were added, the @entity4 released was no greater than could be attributed to pH 5.0 alone. @entity2 added to tissue explants did not alter the percentage of free intracellular @entity4 . From these results we suggest that IF X @entity4 is internalized and detached from the receptor within the enterocyte. The mechanism of release is not known but seems to require an acid pH (5.0). The @entity4 is released in the mucosa, perhaps when the IF X @entity4 complex enters a nonlysosomal cellular compartment with an acidic environment. There is no substantial recycling of @entity5 to the brush-border membrane.

title: Intestinal uptake and release of XXXX complexed with rat @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Functional residual capacity (FRC), rib cage and abdominal dimensions (rc-ab), central blood volume (CBV), and extra vascular lung water (EVLW) were measured in six lung-healthy subjects awake and during @entity0 anesthesia, @entity3 , and mechanical ventilation. FRC was assessed by multiple breath @entity1 washout, rc-ab dimensions by computerized tomography, and CBV and EVLW by a double-indicator dilution technique (thermo-dye). During anesthesia, FRC decreased by 0.5 1 (17%). The cross-sectional chest area was reduced by 12-20 cm2, causing an approximate reduction in thoracic volume by 0.3 1. Concomitantly, the diaphragm was moved cranially by an average of 1.9 cm, diminishing the thoracic volume a further 0.5 1. The abdominal cross-sectional area did not alter significantly, despite the shift of the diaphragm. @entity2 decreased by 0.3 1. EVLW did not change significantly. It is concluded that the thoracic volume is reduced during @entity0 anesthesia, @entity3 , and mechanical ventilation as a result of cranial shift of the diaphragm and reduction in transverse area. The decrease in thoracic volume is accompanied by a reduction in FRC and a displacement of blood from the thorax to the abdomen, the transverse area of the latter thus being maintained despite the shift of the diaphragm.

title: Functional residual capacity, thoracoabdominal dimensions, and central blood volume during general anesthesia with XXXX and mechanical ventilation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the early and intermediate results of @entity2 repair (EVAR) using the Endurant stent graft (Medtronic Cardiovascular, Santa Rosa, @entity6 ) in @entity0 treated according to device-specific instructions for use (IFU) for the proximal aortic neck compared with those obtained in @entity0 treated in an off-label (OL) situation. METHODS: Between November 2007 and March 2010, 177 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were treated with the Endurant stent graft at our centers. The IFU for the Endurant stent graft included a proximal neck of 15 mm in length and <75   of angulation or 10 mm of neck length and <60   of angulation. The 121 @entity0 (68.4%) operated on according to IFU were compared with 56 (31.6%) who underwent EVAR in OL circumstances to evaluate significant differences in demographics, intraoperative technical factors, and early (30 days) and intermediate outcomes (1 year). RESULTS: Significantly more @entity0 were aged >80 years in the OL group (37.5% vs 19%, P = .008), and they also had larger @entity1 (59    10.6 vs 55.9    10.8 mm, P = .05) and required a longer procedure time (69.3    27.2 vs 60.8    20.4 minutes, P = .02). At 30 days, the risk of @entity5 was higher in the OL group (2 @entity0 , 3.6% vs 0 in IFU), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = .09). The two groups were similar in rates of perioperative mortality, major morbidity, technical success, clinical success, complications, and reinterventions. At 1 year, there were no differences between the two groups in survival, freedom from any device-related reinterventions, and freedom from graft @entity3 . Estimated 1-year freedom from @entity5 was 100% in the IFU group vs 93.3% in the OL group (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with both normal and complex anatomy of the proximal aortic neck, the Endurant stent graft obtained acceptable results, with no difference in survival, morbidity, or reinterventions. However, there was a greater risk of @entity5 when OL indications were applied. Longer term follow-up is required to evaluate the effectiveness of this endograft in preventing late @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the Endurant stent graft under instructions for use vs off-label conditions for XXXX repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The standard adjuvant therapy for resected @entity1 has been intravenous @entity5 . However, newer chemotherapy agents, such as @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity7 , have been investigated in clinical trials since the publication of the original guidelines. The @entity6 Site Group (DSG) conducted a systematic review of the evidence for the use of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for @entity0 with resected stage II and III @entity3 and developed an updated practice guideline based on that evidence and expert consensus. The following research questions were addressed: Should @entity0 with @entity1 receive adjuvant systemic chemotherapy? What are the preferred adjuvant systemic chemotherapy options for @entity0 with completely resected @entity1 ? Outcomes of interest were disease-free survival, overall survival, adverse effects and quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of published studies was conducted for the time period following the publication of the original guidelines to identify relevant randomised trials and syntheses of evidence in the form of meta-analyses. Recommendations were based on that evidence, evidence contained in the original guidelines and consensus of the @entity6 DSG. The systematic review and practice guideline were externally reviewed through a mailed survey of practitioners in Ontario, Canada. RESULTS: Recommendations were drafted based on the available evidence and expert consensus. CONCLUSIONS: The routine use of adjuvant chemotherapy for all @entity0 with @entity1 is not recommended. However, a subset of @entity0 with high-risk stage II disease should be considered for adjuvant therapy. @entity0 with completely resected @entity1 should be offered adjuvant chemotherapy. Treatment should depend on factors such as @entity0 suitability and preference, and @entity0 and clinicians must work together to determine the optimal course of treatment.

title: Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for XXXX after complete resection: an updated practice guideline.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and epidemiological features of @entity6 A H1N1 2009 diagnosed @entity0 in the Emergency Department of 4 hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective multicentre study conducted from july to december 2009. The @entity0 diagnosed by Real-Time PCR of @entity6 A H1N1 2009 in the emergency department were included. The test was requested according to the protocols established throughout the epidemic. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory variables and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 456 cases were included, with a median age of 6.5years (PC(25-75) 3-10.6). There were risk factors of complications In 266 @entity0 (59.4%) due to the @entity6 , mainly: respiratory (47%), cardiovascular (17%), neurological (14%) and immunosuppression (11%). The most frequent symptoms were @entity5 (96%), (88%) cough, (72%) rhinorrhoea, @entity4 or @entity7 and breathing difficulties and, less common, @entity1 . Chest X-ray was performed on 224 cases (49%), with lobar (31%) and interstitial (15%) infiltrates. One hundred and forty @entity0 (31%) were hospitalised and 3.2% required Intensive Care Unit (median stay 4 and 3.5days, respectively). The most frequent complications were @entity2 and @entity10 . Three @entity0 died (a previously healthy @entity0 with @entity9 and 2 @entity0 with @entity3 due to @entity8 ). Another case of @entity9 recovered with sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of @entity0 with @entity6 A 2009 diagnosed in the emergency department was a school @entity0 , with risk factors of complications, presenting with respiratory symptoms and @entity5 over a short time, and who can be discharged. It is important to emphasise @entity9 , as well as the usual respiratory complications of @entity6 virus.

title: [Clinical features of XXXX A H1N1 2009: a multicentre study].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of drug therapy to @entity1 @entity0 in terms of glycemic control, microvascular complications, cardiovascular event risk, mortality, and quality of life have been well established by clinical trial data. However, it has been a challenge to quantify the relationship between adherence and outcomes such as glycemic control, disease-related events, hospitalizations, cost, and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This article provides a comprehensive summary of empirical studies that examine the associations between adherence and glycemic control, health care utilization, quality of life, and mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 . It is intended to provide a framework for researchers interested in conducting studies to improve their understanding of the value of medication adherence for @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Relevant published articles were identified through searches of the National Center for Biotechnology PubMed database. Medical subject heading (MESH) terms @entity1 , hypoglycemic agents, and insulin, were each combined with the MESH term medication adherence and with the subheadings economics, prevention and control, psychology, statistics and numerical data, therapy, adverse effects, therapeutic use, and administration and dosage, where available. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) analyzed empirical data on some measure of @entity0 adherence to @entity1 pharmacotherapy; (2) described methods for measuring @entity0 adherence; (3) evaluated economic, clinical, or humanistic outcomes related to @entity1 ; and (4) had as a goal of the research to evaluate the link between @entity0 adherence and outcomes (as a primary or secondary objective). The data from the articles meeting these criteria were then abstracted, including mention of the specific interventions being compared, specific methods for measuring adherence, outcomes compared between adherent and nonadherent @entity0 and how these outcomes were measured, and information on variables that were adjusted for in predictive and causal multivariable models. RESULTS: A total of 37 articles that met all 4 criteria in this review underwent data extraction. Of these studies, 22 (59%) used objective measures to assess adherence, with 1 study using pill counts to assess adherence and 21 using either pharmacy claims or similar refill records to assess refill behavior. The remaining 15 (41%) studies used a wide variety of subjective @entity0 -reported adherence assessments. The majority (13/23 [57%]) of the glycemic control studies reported that improved adherence was associated with better glycemic control. The ability to draw a distinction between adherence and glycemic control tended to occur more frequently [7/9 (78%)] among studies that characterized adherence in terms of prescription refills compared with studies that used various constructs for @entity0 -reported adherence measures. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the literature, better adherence was found to be associated with improved glycemic control and decreased health care resource utilization. There was no consistent association between improved adherence and decreased health care costs. Little data were available on the association between adherence and quality of life.

title: A review of XXXX treatment adherence and the association with clinical and economic outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography arthrography ( @entity2 ) in the assessment of capsular tears at the undersurface of the extensor carpi radials brevis tendon in chronic @entity1 using arthroscopy as a gold standard. Because of the higher spatial resolution of CT, we hypothesized that @entity2 is superior to MRI for assessing capsular tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 19 consecutive @entity0 with chronic @entity1 with preoperative MRI and @entity2 studies who underwent arthroscopic surgery. Three observers with different levels of training and experience (musculoskeletal radiologist, experienced elbow surgeon, and hand fellow) evaluated the capsular tear by MRI and @entity2 in a blinded manner. The results of the MRI and @entity2 were compared and the agreement among the 3 observers was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Then, the results of the MRI and @entity2 examinations were compared with the intraoperative findings of the arthroscopic examination. The sensitivity, specificity, and k value were calculated. RESULTS: The ICC of @entity2 (0.855) was superior to MRI (0.645). The sensitivity, specificity, and k value of @entity2 were superior to those of MRI in each of the 3 observers. The k value was 0.79, 0.89, and 0.79 for @entity2 , and 0.48, 0.48, and 0.27 for MRI for the radiologist, surgeon, and fellow, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was a reliable and accurate diagnostic modality compared with MRI to detect the capsular tear in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 . @entity2 was less influenced by the observer's experience.

title: The detection of the capsular tear at the undersurface of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon in chronic XXXX : the value of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography arthrography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the muscle fat fraction (MFF) measured with dual-echo dual-flip-angle spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state ( @entity2 ) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique by using muscle biopsy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After ethics approval, written informed consent from all @entity0 was obtained. Twenty-seven consecutive @entity0 , evaluated at the @entity1 Center with a possible diagnosis of @entity1 , were prospectively studied with MR imaging of the lower extremities to quantify muscle fatty infiltration by means of MFF calculation. Spin-density- and T1-weighted fast @entity2 in-phase and opposed-phase dual-echo sequences were performed, respectively, with 20   and 80   flip angles. Round regions of interest were drawn by consensus on selected MR sections corresponding to anticipated biopsy sites. These were marked on the @entity0 's skin with a pen by using the infrared spider light of the system, and subsequent muscle biopsy was performed. MR images with regions of interest were stored on a secondary console where the MFF calculation was performed by another radiologist blinded to the biopsy results. MFFs calculated with dual-echo dual-flip-angle @entity2 MR imaging and biopsy were compared by using a paired t test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plots. P value of < .05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. RESULTS: The mean MFFs obtained with dual-echo dual-flip-angle @entity2 MR imaging and biopsy were 20.3% (range, 1.7%-45.1%) and 20.6% (range, 3%-46.1%), respectively. The mean difference, standard deviation of the difference, and t value were -0.3, 1.3, and -1.3 (P > .2), respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.995; with the Bland-Altman method, all data points were within the    2 SDs limits of agreement. CONCLUSION: The results show that dual-echo dual-flip-angle @entity2 MR imaging technique provides reliable calculation of MFF, consistent with biopsy measurements.

title: Muscle fat fraction in XXXX : dual-echo dual-flip-angle spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging technique for quantification--a feasibility study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonmilitary personnel play an increasingly critical role in modern wars. Stark differences exist between the demographic characteristics, training and missions of military and nonmilitary members. We examined the differences in types of injury and rates of returning to duty among nonmilitary and military personnel participating in @entity4 in Iraq and Afghanistan. METHODS: We collected data for nonmilitary personnel medically evacuated from @entity4 in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2004 and 2007. We compared injury categories and return-to-duty rates in this group with previously published data for military personnel and identified factors associated with return to duty. RESULTS: Of the 2155 medically evacuated nonmilitary personnel, 74.7% did not return to duty. War-related @entity1 in this group accounted for 25.6% of the evacuations, the most common causes being combat-related @entity1 (55.4%) and musculoskeletal/spinal @entity1 (22.9%). Among individuals with non-war-related @entity1 , @entity0 accounted for 17.8% of evacuations. Diagnoses associated with the highest return-to-duty rates in the group of nonmilitary personnel were @entity2 diagnoses (15.6%) among those with war-related @entity1 and noncardiac chest or @entity3 (44.0%) among those with non-war-related @entity1 . Compared with military personnel, nonmilitary personnel with war-related @entity1 were less likely to return to duty (4.4% v. 5.9%, p = 0.001) but more likely to return to duty after non-war-related @entity1 (32.5% v. 30.7%, p = 0.001). INTERPRETATION: Compared with military personnel, nonmilitary personnel were more likely to be evacuated with non-war-related @entity1 but more likely to return to duty after such @entity1 . For evacuations because of war-related @entity1 , this trend was reversed.

title: Diagnoses and factors associated with medical evacuation and return to duty among nonmilitary personnel participating in XXXX in Iraq and Afghanistan.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the associated factors of recurrence in @entity0 who received laser surgery for @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicopathologic data of @entity0 and their @entity1 genome status were used to analyze their association with recurrence after surgery. RESULTS: Of 114 enrolled @entity0 , 90 were @entity0 and 24 were @entity0 with an average age of 49.7    12.2 years, and follow-up was 1.75 to 9.1 years (mean, 3.4    1.3 years). Recurrence after surgery occurred in 20 @entity0 (17.5%). Thirteen @entity0 had malignant transformation (11.4%). Twenty @entity0 showed positivity for @entity1 (21.7%). Univariate analysis showed that @entity0 who did not quit smoking or chewing betel quid after surgical treatment or whose @entity3 took the form of widespread multiple-focus lesions, nonhomogeneous @entity4 , and higher-grade @entity2 tended to have recurrence. Among these significant risk factors, continuous smoking after surgical treatment (odds ratio, 3.82) and widespread multiple-focus lesions (odds ratio, 4.54) were the independent prognostic factors for recurrence using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Those who did not quit chewing betel quid or smoking cigarettes were 19.8 or 9.7 times, respectively, more likely to develop recurrence than those who did quit. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that continuous smoking after surgical treatment and widespread multiple-focus lesions are the prognostic indicators for recurrence after laser surgery. Changes in oral habits can be of great importance to the outcome of laser surgery of @entity3 .

title: Treatment outcome of XXXX with carbon dioxide laser--emphasis on the factors affecting recurrence.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Depending on the cytokine microenvironment, macrophages (M  ) can adopt a proinflammatory (M1) or a profibrotic (M2) phenotype characterized by the expression of cell surface proteins such as @entity10 and @entity9 and soluble factors such as @entity8 ( @entity8 ). A key role for M   in @entity1 has been observed in diverse organ settings. We studied the M   population in a @entity0 model of peritoneal dialysis in which continuous stress due to dialysis fluids and recurrent @entity3 represent a risk for peritoneal membrane dysfunction reflected as ultrafiltration failure (UFF) and peritoneal @entity1 . METHODS: We used flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to analyse the phenotype of peritoneal effluent M   and tested their ability to stimulate the proliferation of @entity0 fibroblasts. M   from non-infected @entity0 were compared with those from @entity0 with active @entity3 . Cytokine production was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in spent dialysates and cell culture supernatants. RESULTS: @entity10 (+) and @entity9 (+) M2 were found within peritoneal effluents by flow cytometry analysis, with increased frequencies of @entity9 (+) cells during @entity3 (P = 0.003). @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity8 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in peritoneal macrophages (pM  ) were similar to those found in M2 cells differentiated in vitro. The ability of pM   to stimulate fibroblast proliferation correlated with @entity8 mRNA levels (r = 0.924, P = 0.016). @entity8 production by pM   was confirmed by immunostaining of cytospin samples and ELISA. Moreover, @entity8 effluent concentrations correlated with decreased peritoneal function, which was evaluated as dialysate to plasma ratio of @entity4 (r = 0.724, P < 0.0001), and were significantly higher in @entity0 with UFF (P = 0.0025) and in those who later developed @entity7 (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: M2 may participate in @entity0 peritoneal @entity1 through the stimulation of fibroblast cell growth and @entity8 production as high concentrations of @entity8 are associated with @entity2 and @entity1 of the peritoneal membrane.

title: Alternative activation of macrophages in @entity0 peritoneum: implications for peritoneal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Depending on the cytokine microenvironment, macrophages (M  ) can adopt a proinflammatory (M1) or a profibrotic (M2) phenotype characterized by the expression of cell surface proteins such as @entity10 and @entity9 and soluble factors such as @entity8 ( @entity8 ). A key role for M   in @entity1 has been observed in diverse organ settings. We studied the M   population in a @entity0 model of peritoneal dialysis in which continuous stress due to dialysis fluids and recurrent @entity3 represent a risk for peritoneal membrane dysfunction reflected as ultrafiltration failure (UFF) and peritoneal @entity1 . METHODS: We used flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to analyse the phenotype of peritoneal effluent M   and tested their ability to stimulate the proliferation of @entity0 fibroblasts. M   from non-infected @entity0 were compared with those from @entity0 with active @entity3 . Cytokine production was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in spent dialysates and cell culture supernatants. RESULTS: @entity10 (+) and @entity9 (+) M2 were found within peritoneal effluents by flow cytometry analysis, with increased frequencies of @entity9 (+) cells during @entity3 (P = 0.003). @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity8 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in peritoneal macrophages (pM  ) were similar to those found in M2 cells differentiated in vitro. The ability of pM   to stimulate fibroblast proliferation correlated with @entity8 mRNA levels (r = 0.924, P = 0.016). @entity8 production by pM   was confirmed by immunostaining of cytospin samples and ELISA. Moreover, @entity8 effluent concentrations correlated with decreased peritoneal function, which was evaluated as dialysate to plasma ratio of @entity4 (r = 0.724, P < 0.0001), and were significantly higher in @entity0 with UFF (P = 0.0025) and in those who later developed @entity7 (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: M2 may participate in @entity0 peritoneal @entity1 through the stimulation of fibroblast cell growth and @entity8 production as high concentrations of @entity8 are associated with @entity2 and @entity1 of the peritoneal membrane.

title: Alternative activation of macrophages in XXXX peritoneum: implications for peritoneal @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity4 in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: In this phase IIa, open-label, single-arm clinical trial, 30 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated with @entity4 400 mg daily. @entity0 were monitored monthly for safety assessments. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were assessed every 3 months. Pulmonary function testing, chest radiography, echocardiography and skin biopsies were performed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 completed 12 months of therapy. 171 adverse events (AE) with possible relation to @entity4 were identified; 97.6% were grade 1 or 2. Twenty-four serious AE were identified, two of which were attributed to study medication. @entity1 decreased by 6.6 points or 22.4% at 12 months (p=0.001). This change was evident starting at the 6-month time point (/\=-4.5; p<0.001) and was seen in @entity0 with both early and late-stage disease. Forced vital capacity (FVC) improved by 6.4% predicted (p=0.008), and the diffusion capacity remained stable. The improvement in FVC was significantly greater in @entity0 without @entity2 . Health-related quality of life measures improved or remained stable. Blinded dermatopathological analysis confirmed a significant decrease in skin thickness and improvement in skin morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity4 was tolerated by most @entity0 in this cohort. Although AE were common, most were mild to moderate. In this open-label experience, improvements in skin thickening and FVC were observed. Further investigation of @entity3 kinase inhibition for @entity5 in a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00555581.

title: @entity4 (Gleevec) in the treatment of XXXX : results of a 1-year, phase IIa, single-arm, open-label clinical trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity4 in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: In this phase IIa, open-label, single-arm clinical trial, 30 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated with @entity4 400 mg daily. @entity0 were monitored monthly for safety assessments. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were assessed every 3 months. Pulmonary function testing, chest radiography, echocardiography and skin biopsies were performed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 completed 12 months of therapy. 171 adverse events (AE) with possible relation to @entity4 were identified; 97.6% were grade 1 or 2. Twenty-four serious AE were identified, two of which were attributed to study medication. @entity1 decreased by 6.6 points or 22.4% at 12 months (p=0.001). This change was evident starting at the 6-month time point (/\=-4.5; p<0.001) and was seen in @entity0 with both early and late-stage disease. Forced vital capacity (FVC) improved by 6.4% predicted (p=0.008), and the diffusion capacity remained stable. The improvement in FVC was significantly greater in @entity0 without @entity2 . Health-related quality of life measures improved or remained stable. Blinded dermatopathological analysis confirmed a significant decrease in skin thickness and improvement in skin morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity4 was tolerated by most @entity0 in this cohort. Although AE were common, most were mild to moderate. In this open-label experience, improvements in skin thickening and FVC were observed. Further investigation of @entity3 kinase inhibition for @entity5 in a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00555581.

title: XXXX (Gleevec) in the treatment of @entity5 : results of a 1-year, phase IIa, single-arm, open-label clinical trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 with advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ) can experience 'revolving door' admissions, often for parenteral diuretics, when time at home is precious. Home intravenous diuretic services are patchy. This retrospective review describes 43 consecutive episodes of continuous subcutaneous infusion of @entity3 (CSCI-F) in 32 advanced @entity2 @entity0 ; 28 episodes aiming to correct fluid balance and prevent hospital admission and 15 aiming to prevent symptoms in the dying. Overall, 26/28 (93%) avoided hospital admission. Weight loss occurred in 20/28 (70%): a median loss of 5.6   kg [interquartile range (IQR) 0.1-8.9]). The daily dose of @entity3 ranged from 40 to 250   mg. The median number of days on CSCI-F was 10.5 (range 2-48; IQR 6-13.8). Site reactions occurred in 10/43 (23%); all of which were mild except two, one of which required oral antibiotics. Symptoms were controlled in all 15 dying @entity0 . CSCI-F for @entity0 with advanced @entity2 is effective in terms of @entity1 and prevention of hospital admission with the @entity2 nurse specialist playing a key overall management role in selection and monitoring. As the majority of community and hospice nurses have access to and are familiar with CSCI pumps, this practice should be nationally transferable. The role in the dying @entity0 requires further assessment.

title: Is there a role for subcutaneous @entity3 in the community and hospice management of end-stage XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 with advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ) can experience 'revolving door' admissions, often for parenteral diuretics, when time at home is precious. Home intravenous diuretic services are patchy. This retrospective review describes 43 consecutive episodes of continuous subcutaneous infusion of @entity3 (CSCI-F) in 32 advanced @entity2 @entity0 ; 28 episodes aiming to correct fluid balance and prevent hospital admission and 15 aiming to prevent symptoms in the dying. Overall, 26/28 (93%) avoided hospital admission. Weight loss occurred in 20/28 (70%): a median loss of 5.6   kg [interquartile range (IQR) 0.1-8.9]). The daily dose of @entity3 ranged from 40 to 250   mg. The median number of days on CSCI-F was 10.5 (range 2-48; IQR 6-13.8). Site reactions occurred in 10/43 (23%); all of which were mild except two, one of which required oral antibiotics. Symptoms were controlled in all 15 dying @entity0 . CSCI-F for @entity0 with advanced @entity2 is effective in terms of @entity1 and prevention of hospital admission with the @entity2 nurse specialist playing a key overall management role in selection and monitoring. As the majority of community and hospice nurses have access to and are familiar with CSCI pumps, this practice should be nationally transferable. The role in the dying @entity0 requires further assessment.

title: Is there a role for subcutaneous XXXX in the community and hospice management of end-stage @entity2 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Xenotropic @entity1 @entity9 -related virus (XMRV) was identified in association with @entity0 @entity2 and @entity10 . To examine the @entity3 potential, kinetics, and tissue distribution of XMRV in an animal model, we inoculated five macaques with XMRV intravenously. XMRV established a persistent, chronic disseminated @entity3 , with low transient @entity6 and provirus in blood lymphocytes during @entity7 . Although undetectable in blood after about a month, XMRV @entity6 was reactivated at 9 months, confirming the chronicity of the @entity3 . Furthermore, XMRV Gag was detected in tissues throughout, with wide dissemination throughout the period of monitoring. Surprisingly, @entity8 showed organ-specific cell tropism, infecting @entity5 T cells in lymphoid organs including the @entity4 propria, alveolar macrophages in lung, and epithelial/interstitial cells in other organs, including the reproductive tract. Of note, in spite of the intravenous inoculation, extensive XMRV replication was noted in prostate during acute but not chronic @entity3 even though infected cells were still detectable by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in prostate at 5 and 9 months postinfection. Marked lymphocyte activation occurred immediately postinfection, but antigen-specific cellular responses were undetectable. Antibody responses were elicited and boosted upon reexposure, but titers decreased rapidly, suggesting low antigen stimulation over time. Our findings establish a nonhuman primate model to study XMRV replication/dissemination, transmission, pathogenesis, immune responses, and potential future therapies.

title: Infection, viral dissemination, and antibody responses of rhesus macaques exposed to the XXXX gammaretrovirus XMRV.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although @entity1 at the time of prostatectomy has been associated with @entity2 recurrence, it is unknown whether @entity1 before or after surgery, or weight change from the years prior to surgery to after surgery is associated with recurrence. Thus, we examined the influence of @entity1 and weight change on recurrence after prostatectomy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,337 @entity0 with clinically localized @entity2 who underwent prostatectomy performed during 1993-2006 by the same surgeon. @entity0 self-reported weight and physical activity at 5 years before and 1 year after surgery on a survey during follow-up. Mean follow-up was 7.3 years. We estimated multivariable-adjusted HRs of @entity2 recurrence comparing @entity1 at 5 years before and at 1 year after surgery with normal weight, and a gain of more than 2.2 kg from 5 years before to 1 year after surgery with stable weight. During 9,797 @entity0 years of follow-up, 102 @entity0 recurred. Compared with @entity0 who had stable weight, those whose weight increased by more than 2.2 kg had twice the recurrence risk (HR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.14-3.32) after taking into account age, pathologic stage and grade, and other characteristics. The HR of recurrence was 1.20 (95% CI, 0.64-2.23) and 1.72 (95% CI, 0.94-3.14) comparing @entity1 at 5 years before and at 1 year after surgery, respectively, with normal weight. Physical activity (>=  5 h/wk) did not attenuate risk in @entity0 who gained more than 2.2 kg. By avoiding @entity3 , @entity0 with @entity2 may both prevent recurrence and improve overall well-being.

title: XXXX is associated with an increased risk of @entity2 recurrence after prostatectomy in the PSA era.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although @entity1 at the time of prostatectomy has been associated with @entity2 recurrence, it is unknown whether @entity1 before or after surgery, or weight change from the years prior to surgery to after surgery is associated with recurrence. Thus, we examined the influence of @entity1 and weight change on recurrence after prostatectomy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,337 @entity0 with clinically localized @entity2 who underwent prostatectomy performed during 1993-2006 by the same surgeon. @entity0 self-reported weight and physical activity at 5 years before and 1 year after surgery on a survey during follow-up. Mean follow-up was 7.3 years. We estimated multivariable-adjusted HRs of @entity2 recurrence comparing @entity1 at 5 years before and at 1 year after surgery with normal weight, and a gain of more than 2.2 kg from 5 years before to 1 year after surgery with stable weight. During 9,797 @entity0 years of follow-up, 102 @entity0 recurred. Compared with @entity0 who had stable weight, those whose weight increased by more than 2.2 kg had twice the recurrence risk (HR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.14-3.32) after taking into account age, pathologic stage and grade, and other characteristics. The HR of recurrence was 1.20 (95% CI, 0.64-2.23) and 1.72 (95% CI, 0.94-3.14) comparing @entity1 at 5 years before and at 1 year after surgery, respectively, with normal weight. Physical activity (>=  5 h/wk) did not attenuate risk in @entity0 who gained more than 2.2 kg. By avoiding @entity3 , @entity0 with @entity2 may both prevent recurrence and improve overall well-being.

title: @entity3 is associated with an increased risk of XXXX recurrence after prostatectomy in the PSA era.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible correlation between maternal characteristics, in utero and early neonatal life exposures, and the development of @entity1 in adult life. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity0 (S): A group of 161 @entity0 with @entity1 and a control group of 230 @entity0 undergoing laparoscopy for benign @entity6 and free of @entity1 . INTERVENTION(S): All @entity0 included in the study were requested to answer a series of questions about their mothers' gestational data and on their own perinatal and early postnatal lives. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Odds ratio, adjusted odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between maternal characteristics during the @entity0 's pregnancy, in utero exposure to @entity2 , and the type of feeding received during the neonatal period with the development of @entity1 in adult life. RESULT(S): Mothers of @entity0 with @entity1 were significantly more likely to be affected by @entity4 , with a higher incidence of smoking during pregnancy. @entity0 with @entity1 were more frequently born prematurely, with a significantly lower birth weight, and their mothers experienced @entity3 during their pregnancies more often than control subjects. They were also more frequently formula fed than breast fed in early life. However, only @entity5 and formula feeding were retained in the multivariate analysis model. CONCLUSION(S): Among intrauterine and early neonatal exposures, @entity5 and formula feeding were risk factors for the development of @entity1 in adult life. Further studies should evaluate the underlying biologic mechanisms.

title: Potential influence of in utero and early neonatal exposures on the later development of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pressure @entity4 are debilitating wounds that arise frequently in @entity0 who have lost mobility. Mechanical stress, oxidative stress and @entity2 -reperfusion injury are potential sources of damage during pressure @entity4 formation, but cross-talk between these sources has rarely been investigated. In vitro experiments with mechanically-induced cell damage previously demonstrated that non-lethal amounts of static cell deformation could induce myoblast membrane permeabilization. Permeabilization, in turn, has the potential to induce oxidative stress via leakage of @entity3 , @entity5 or alarmins. In this work, we constructed a hypothetical causal network of cellular-scale effects resulting from deformation and permeabilization, and we investigated the theoretical sensitivity of cell death toward various parameters and pathways of the model. Simulations showed that the survival/death outcome was particularly sensitive to the speed of membrane repair. The outcome was also sensitive to whether oxidative stress could decrease the speed of membrane repair. Finally, using the assumption that apoptosis and @entity1 would have opposite effects on membrane leakage in dying cells, we showed that promoting apoptosis might under certain conditions have the paradoxical effect of decreasing, rather than increasing, total cell death. Our work illustrates that apoptosis may have hidden benefits at preventing spatial spread of death. More broadly, our work shows the importance of membrane repair dynamics and highlights the need for experiments to measure the effects of @entity2 , apoptosis induction, and other co-occurring sources of cell stress toward the speed of membrane repair.

title: Membrane permeability during pressure XXXX formation: A computational model of dynamic competition between cytoskeletal damage and repair.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Temporal hollowing occurs frequently following surgical correction of unicoronal @entity2 . This is characterized by a @entity1 in the posterolateral orbitotemporal region. Both soft-tissue and bony causes have been postulated to underpin this problem. The authors investigated the soft-tissue and bony morphology of the temporal region in surgically treated unicoronal @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of adolescent @entity0 with temporal hollowing who underwent unicoronal @entity2 repair as @entity0 was carried out. Demographic data and computed tomographic craniometric parameters were obtained and analyzed using the t test. Photographs were graded subjectively and compared with quantitative data. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity0 (seven @entity0 and eight @entity0 ; mean age, 13 years) were identified. Seventeen @entity0 (10 @entity0 and seven @entity0 ; mean age, 14 years) were used as controls. The affected side showed temporal constriction, compared with controls, along the supraorbit and anterior temple. The sella-to-pterion distance was also less, but not statistically so. Soft-tissue analysis revealed decreased thickness of the affected temporalis muscle compared with unaffected and control sides (range, 1 to 3 mm less). The affected fat pad width was not statistically different from unaffected and controls. Subjective clinical grading did not demonstrate statistical correlations with quantitative data. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal hollowing occurs following surgical correction of unicoronal @entity2 , despite original overcorrection, because of bony constriction along the anterior bandeau. Decreased thickness of the temporalis muscle may also contribute to this @entity1 , whereas the superficial fat pad does not play a role. Subjective clinical scoring does not strictly correlate with severity of craniometric measurements. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: Temporal hollowing following surgical correction of unicoronal XXXX .

answer: @entity2