abstract: @entity8 , a rarely listed cause of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) among @entity0 starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the early seventies, has progressively gained in importance and become one of the major reasons for the continuous growth of the @entity0 population on RRT in most European countries. Amongst new @entity0 commencing RRT in 1985, the acceptance rate varied between 3 and 12 per million population for @entity2 and between one and four per million population for @entity2 . Nordic countries, particularly Sweden and Finland, had the highest acceptance rate of young @entity0 with @entity2 whose median ages were 38-42 years. In most central and southern European countries the median age of @entity0 with @entity2 varied between 50 and 58 years. The high number of young @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity6 in Nordic countries point to a different natural history of this disease. It cannot be excluded, however, that the higher median age in other countries might result from doctors mistakenly diagnosing type I disease in @entity0 with @entity3 who need insulin treatment. @entity0 with @entity2 had a similar age distribution at start of RRT throughout Europe and their median ages clustered around 60 years in most countries. The contribution of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation was analysed for @entity2 compared to non- @entity2 @entity6 . Despite large geographical differences in the proportional use of methods of treatment, a general trend to apply CAPD more frequently in @entity2 as compared to non- @entity2 @entity0 was observed, and this was true for countries with both predominant haemodialysis and predominant transplant programmes. Transplantation without prior dialysis was performed in 17% of Swedish and 30% of Norwegian @entity0 with @entity2 . In order to better explain the mortality of @entity0 with @entity2 @entity6 , the proportional distribution of causes of @entity4 was analysed. @entity5 and @entity7 was confirmed to be the leading cause of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 on RRT. The coronary @entity4 rate was estimated to be 10 times greater in young @entity0 with @entity2 as compared to their non- @entity2 counterparts. Other cardiovascular as well as infectious causes were recorded in a similar proportion of @entity4 in diabetics as in non-diabetics. @entity1 @entity4 , however, appeared to be definitely less frequent in @entity0 on RRT due to @entity8 .

title: Renal replacement therapy in XXXX with @entity8 , 1980-1985. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), caused by @entity7 ( @entity7 ), the @entity3 heartworm, is not common in @entity0 , though we recently encountered 4 cases. Chest X-ray images from annual health examinations showed a single spherical nodule in the inferior or middle portion of the right lung in each @entity0 . None of the @entity0 showed any clinical symptoms and had no contact with @entity3 . Hematological results in 3 of the cases were within normal limits, while mild @entity6 was found in one. Serological tests for the Anti- @entity7 antibodies were not performed. There were no characteristic clinical manifestation of @entity4 in any of the @entity0 , however, we consider it important to keep a diagnosis of @entity4 in mind, when we experienced these cases, they present no characteristic clinical manifestations. Pathologically, macroscopic findings showed well-circumscribed nodules that were round peripheral lesions in lungs. Histological results revealed @entity1 with @entity2 and granulation in the nodule edge, which contained inflammatory cells. By means of @entity5 staining, the worm structures in the nodules could be identified well, and the quadrant cells in the sections were numbered about 30. Immunohistochemically, the somatic muscle tissues were stained with anti- @entity7 antibody. These findings indicated that the @entity4 in all 4 cases were due to @entity7 .

title: XXXX --clinicopathological study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is commonly stated that risk factors for postoperative @entity2 are the same as for @entity3 . The authors designed a prospective study to identify and differentiate the risk factors for @entity4 in various surgical populations in a clinical audit setting. METHODS: The study included 671 consecutive surgical inpatients, aged 15 yr or more, undergoing various procedures. The study focused on postoperative @entity2 visual analog scale scores every 4 h and @entity3 episodes within 72 h. Both @entity3 and retching were considered as emetic events. @entity0 -, anesthesia-, and surgery-related variables that were considered to have a possible effect on the proportion of @entity0 experiencing @entity4 were examined. The bivariate Dale model for binary correlated outcomes was used to identify selectively the potential risk factors of @entity4 . RESULTS: Among the 671 @entity0 in the study, 126 (19%) reported one or more episodes of @entity2 , and 66 @entity0 (10%) suffered one or more emetic episodes during the studied period. There was a highly significant association between the two outcomes. Some risk factors were predictive of both @entity2 and @entity3 (female gender, nonsmoking status, and general anesthesia). History of @entity5 and type of surgery were mainly responsible for @entity2 but not for @entity3 . The predictive effect of risk factors was controlled for @entity1 and analgesic drugs. CONCLUSION: This study shows that differences exist in risk factors of @entity4 . These could be explained by differences in the physiopathology of the two symptoms.

title: Difference in risk factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity3 is a very uncommon condition. The functional impairment resulting from the complete pronation posture justifies @entity1 . We present a series of six rotational osteotomies using the Hernigou-Goutallier technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Hernigou-Goutallier osteosynthesis procedure is based on a centromedullary nail and two external fixation pins positioned in the ulna at an angle corresponding to the desired rotation. The nail is partially withdrawn to @entity2 via a horizontal incision between the two pins. After rotation, the osteotomy is stabilized with clamps holding the external fixation pins in parallel. RESULTS: Bone healing was achieved at two months in all six cases with no loss of correction. DISCUSSION: Among the different treatments proposed for radio-ulnar @entity2 , the risk of vessel or @entity0 is high with screw-plate fixation despite shortening osteotomy. Palm-tree osteotomy raises the same risks and is more invasive and difficult to achieve. The @entity1 technique presented here has the advantage of allowing local care more easily than with cast fixation. Another important advantage is that an overcorrection leading to vessel or @entity0 can be reversed without losing the axis, allowing progressive correction if necessary.

title: [Rotational osteotomy technique for XXXX with central medullary nailing and external fixation].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal transplant rejection cannot be diagnosed with certainty by non-invasive techniques. These techniques lack the specificity to differentiate rejection from other causes of @entity0 such as @entity3 and @entity1 . Since rejection involves lymphocytes, which the other courses of dysfunction do not, radiolabeling lymphocytes is an attractive technique to diagnose rejection non-invasively. MATERIAL/METHODS: We report our experience with this technique in a @entity2 model of renal transplantation. We studied two groups of @entity2 , one with renal autografts and the other with allografts. We optimized radiolabeling of lymphocytes and also the technology for detection of these lymphocytes. The uptake of the radiolabeled lymphocyte was compared between the two groups by surface detection and, at the end of the experiment, with scintigraphy of renal tissues. RESULTS: Despite adequate labeling and viability of lymphocytes, only 1-2% of injected lymphocytes 'homed' to the renal grafts. Furthermore, although the detection technology was optimized, a poor signal to noise ratio interfered with the detection of the labeled lymphocytes. Due to these problems rejection could not be differentiated from @entity3 in this model. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that increasing the specific activity of the lymphocytes and improving the signal to noise ratio will enhance the specificity and sensitivity of this technique and facilitate non-invasive diagnosis of rejection.

title: Critical evaluation of radiolabeled lymphocytes to detect acute XXXX in a large animal model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To examine the short-term effects of hemicastration on pituitary-gonadal responses, 12 ram @entity2 were anesthetized and hemicastrated at 4 mo of age and killed (n = 4) at 2 (HC2), 7 (HC7), or 14 (HC14) days following surgery. Four intact (INT) rams were killed 14 days following anesthesia. Testis and pituitary weights were similar between HC and INT rams. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in HC rams increased within 6 h, peaked at 12 h, and remained elevated above INT levels throughout the study. Overall mean serum @entity0 levels in HC rams were lower than in INT rams for the first 48 h, but were similar by 3 days post-surgery. Pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity0 secretion was suppressed for the first 9.5 h following anesthesia and/or surgery in both HC and INT animals. A single LH pulse and succeeding @entity0 pulse occurred in 10/12 HC and 4/4 INT rams between 10 and 14 h post-surgery, both of which were lower in amplitude in HC than INT animals. However, on Day 7, pulsatile secretory patterns of LH and @entity0 were similar, suggesting compensatory @entity1 secretion had occurred in HC rams. Pituitary LH content was unaffected by hemicastration. In contrast, pituitary FSH content was greater in HC7 and HC14 compared to HC2 and INT animals. Pituitary @entity3 concentrations were similar in INT, HC7, and HC14 rams, but were slightly reduced in HC2 rams. Neither testicular LH nor FSH receptor concentrations were altered by hemicastration at any time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Short-term pituitary-testicular responses of prepubertal ram XXXX to hemicastration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fifty-three cutaneous biopsies from 22 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were reviewed. One or more biopsies from each @entity0 displayed a typical pattern of palisading histiocytic xanthogranuloma with bands of hyaline @entity5 . Multiple foam cells and Touton giant cells were present, and atypical, bizarre-appearing foreign body giant cells were characteristic. @entity1 clefts were found in 18 specimens, and lymphoid nodules were found in 24, 8 of which had germinal center formation. Twenty-one specimens contained foci of plasma cells, and these were located perivascularly, at the periphery of lymphoid nodules, and, as infiltrates, between dermal collagen bundles. Unique features were @entity4 , often appearing as @entity3 , and a rare but distinctive palisading @entity1 cleft @entity2 . The cytoplasm of giant cells and histiocytes contained PAS-positive, diastase-resistant polysaccharide. Examination of 3 cases by electron microscopy revealed dendritic cells in the epidermis and vacuolated dermal histiocytes. S-100 antibody was negative in 3 cases. Leukocyte monoclonal antibody studies in 6 @entity0 showed predominantly T-helper lymphocytes within the @entity2 . @entity6 is a T-helper cell, non-X histiocytic @entity2 with a distinctive histopathology.

title: Histopathology of XXXX with paraproteinemia.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 caused by either a restrictive bulboventricular foramen in single left ventricle with an outflow chamber or by a restrictive @entity5 in @entity3 with transposition of the great arteries can lead to a @entity4 , noncompliant ventricle and excessive pulmonary blood flow. This combination is disadvantageous to potential Fontan procedure candidates because they are dependent on good ventricular function and low pulmonary vascular resistance for survival. The results of surgical procedures to directly or indirectly relieve significant @entity6 (gradient greater than 30 mm Hg) in 24 @entity0 , 16 with single left ventricle and 8 with @entity3 , were reviewed. Four @entity0 had a left ventricular apex to descending aorta valved conduit; none survived. Seven @entity0 had resection of subaortic tissue; four survived and four developed @entity2 at surgery. Adequate gradient relief was evident in only one of the four survivors. Thirteen @entity0 had a main pulmonary artery to ascending aorta @entity1 or conduit; six survived. All survivors had adequate gradient relief. The overall survival was 42% (10 of 24). None of seven @entity0 with a subaortic gradient greater than 75 mm Hg survived. These data show that: Surgical relief of established @entity6 in @entity0 with single left ventricle and @entity3 carries a high mortality rate, especially if the subaortic gradient is greater than 75 mm Hg. The best procedure appears to be the pulmonary artery to ascending aorta @entity1 . A clearer understanding of the factors leading to the development of significant @entity6 is necessary to prevent it or to devise improved therapeutic strategies.

title: Surgical management of XXXX in single left ventricle and @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 caused by either a restrictive bulboventricular foramen in single left ventricle with an outflow chamber or by a restrictive @entity5 in @entity3 with transposition of the great arteries can lead to a @entity4 , noncompliant ventricle and excessive pulmonary blood flow. This combination is disadvantageous to potential Fontan procedure candidates because they are dependent on good ventricular function and low pulmonary vascular resistance for survival. The results of surgical procedures to directly or indirectly relieve significant @entity6 (gradient greater than 30 mm Hg) in 24 @entity0 , 16 with single left ventricle and 8 with @entity3 , were reviewed. Four @entity0 had a left ventricular apex to descending aorta valved conduit; none survived. Seven @entity0 had resection of subaortic tissue; four survived and four developed @entity2 at surgery. Adequate gradient relief was evident in only one of the four survivors. Thirteen @entity0 had a main pulmonary artery to ascending aorta @entity1 or conduit; six survived. All survivors had adequate gradient relief. The overall survival was 42% (10 of 24). None of seven @entity0 with a subaortic gradient greater than 75 mm Hg survived. These data show that: Surgical relief of established @entity6 in @entity0 with single left ventricle and @entity3 carries a high mortality rate, especially if the subaortic gradient is greater than 75 mm Hg. The best procedure appears to be the pulmonary artery to ascending aorta @entity1 . A clearer understanding of the factors leading to the development of significant @entity6 is necessary to prevent it or to devise improved therapeutic strategies.

title: Surgical management of @entity6 in single left ventricle and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We present our initial experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 301 pediatric @entity0 with a variety of @entity2 . MRI does not require ionizing radiation and can be done easily and safely in @entity0 . It is equal or superior to computed cranial tomographic (CT) scans in demonstrating most types of pediatric @entity2 . MRI is often superior to CT scans in demonstrating @entity1 , although both studies are usually abnormal in highly malignant @entity1 . No clear advantage was shown with either MRI or CT scans for fluid-filled @entity8 . Lesions of the brain stem and upper cervical region, such as @entity9 , are well delineated by MRI. Increased signal from the paranasal sinuses was frequently evident by MRI, but, in most instances, there was no clinical indication of @entity3 . Large arteries can be visualized as an area of diminished signal, and @entity7 , @entity3 , and @entity5 were demonstrated. The increased anatomic detail pictured by MRI allows the diagnosis of @entity4 , such as @entity10 or septum pellucidum, that are not always apparent with CT scans. Although our experience with @entity6 was not extensive, fluid-filled lesions within the cord can be reliably demonstrated.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We evaluated the importance of @entity1 vasoconstriction as a mechanism for pulmonary blood flow reduction during unilobar @entity2 lung injury in @entity0 . Pulmonary blood flow (PBF) and lung water were measured with positron emission tomography. Data from the injured left (LCL) and right (RCL) caudal lobes were compared in 23 @entity0 . Six @entity0 were used to demonstrate that endotoxin (15 micrograms/kg) prevents changes in regional PBF during selective @entity1 ventilation of the LCL. In 17 @entity0 , @entity2 (OA, 0.015 ml/kg) was injected into the LCL through a balloon-wedged pulmonary arterial catheter. Five @entity0 received OA only (control group), eight received endotoxin (15 mcg/kg) before OA was administered (endotoxin group), and four were treated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after OA ( @entity3 group). The base-line left-to-right PBF ratio (LCL/RCL PBF) was 1.01 +/- 0.11 (SD) for the control group and 1.07 +/- 0.16 for the @entity3 group. One minute after OA, LCL/RCL PBF feel significantly (0.32 +/- 0.15 and 0.32 +/- 0.13 for the control and @entity3 groups, respectively) before any significant increase in lung water was detected. In all 17 @entity0 that received OA, the LCL/RCL PBF remained severely reduced 60 min after OA compared with base-line values (0.41 +/- 0.15, 0.49 +/- 0.06, and 0.26 +/- 0.13 for the control, PGF1, and endotoxin groups, respectively) despite treatment with endotoxin or @entity3 . Lung water measurements obtained 60 min after OA increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the injured lobe (LCL) but not in the normal lobe (RCL) in all @entity0 groups, whereas PBF to the LCL remained significantly reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary blood flow distribution after lobar XXXX injury: a PET study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of total and free @entity0 ( @entity1 ) in plasma and whole blood was investigated in seven adolescents and young adults (mean age 17.3 years) during a dosage interval at steady state. The concentration curves of @entity1 in whole blood after an oral morning dose (mean 8.2 mg/kg body wt.) closely followed those in plasma but at a reduced level. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of total @entity1 was 0.150-0.197 l/kg body wt. and of free @entity1 0.911-1.58 l/kg body wt., which indicates considerable distribution of unbound @entity1 as well as drug binding to extravascular proteins. The terminal half-life of free @entity1 (6.4-6.7 h) was significantly shorter (P less than 0.05) than the half-life of total @entity1 (10.4-11.9 h). The binding of @entity1 in plasma was concentration dependent and fluctuated considerably within the individual dosage intervals. Concentrations of unbound @entity1 in plasma water of whole blood varied to a corresponding degree, since distribution to blood cells was low (mean 2.2%). It is concluded that there are substantial differences in the pharmacokinetics of free and total @entity1 . This may contribute to the well-known poor correlation between dose, plasma concentrations and effect of @entity1 .

title: Pharmacokinetics of free and total XXXX in adolescents and young adults during maintenance therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To verify the possibility of a concomitant therapy control in 31 @entity0 (18 @entity5 [ @entity5 ], 13 @entity2 [ @entity2 ]) the blood cell concentration of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) was continuously measured over a period of 6 months. The determinations were carried out by using a RIA of the CIS Corp. At any time @entity4 was determined laboratory and clinical examinations were done and the P-III-P serum-level was measured by using a RIA of the Behringwerke. The cellular @entity4 showed to be statistically significantly elevated compared to baseline, whereas within ranges of total cumulative dosages only insignificant fluctuations could be noticed. Like in the treatment of Psoriasis a strict correlation between the weekly administered dose and the cellular @entity4 could be established, the total cumulative dose, however, had no influence on the cellular @entity4 -level. In the treatment of @entity2 slightly higher weekly dosages were necessary, which caused significantly higher cellular @entity4 concentrations in @entity2 @entity0 . Some correlations between clinical as well as serological parameters of disease activity could be noticed, nevertheless they do not allow distinct interpretations. In both diseases a significant relationship between the cellular @entity4 -level and the P-III-P serum-level could be realized. A storage of @entity4 in blood cells, especially in erythrocytes, seems to be evident. To reach therapeutical benefit in @entity2 slightly higher mean dosages may be necessary. A therapy monitoring by the means of continuous determinations of cellular @entity4 seems to be impossible. In contrast an approach to the early detection of liver @entity1 can be given by the correlation between cellular @entity4 and the P-III-P serum levels.

title: [Blood cell concentration of XXXX in long-term therapy of inflammatory rheumatic diseases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of the present report is to demonstrate the results of conservative surgical treatment in twelve @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The reconstructive operation performed in each case depended on the preexisting drainage procedure. Out of eight @entity0 who had undergone vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy (GJ) four suffered from @entity3 , four from dumping (DU) and four had @entity1 . All underwent closure of GJ and two of them duodenoplasty for coexisting @entity4 . The results were very good (Visick grade I and II) in all @entity0 except for one complete failure. Out of four @entity0 who had undergone vagotomy and pyloroplasty, three had DU, two @entity1 and two @entity3 . Pyloric reconstruction was performed in all subjects. Symptoms were relieved in all cases. In one @entity0 radioisotopic control showed mild G/O and D/G reflux. Conservative surgical operations give satisfactory results in the treatment of @entity2 . Furthermore they have lower morbidity and mortality than radical surgery.

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Of 926 @entity0 with @entity4 , 36 (3.9%) had @entity1 to the brain. The median age at presentation was 61 years (range, 34 to 82). Nineteen @entity0 had a single lesion metastatic to the brain, and 16 of these lesions were supratentorial. In 28% of the @entity0 , computed tomography showed hyperdense lesions before contrast material was injected. All @entity0 , except 2 with incomplete records, had evidence of @entity3 involving bone, liver, or lung. The median time interval between the initial diagnosis and the discovery of brain @entity1 was 65.5 weeks (range, 0 to 462), with only 2 @entity0 initially presenting with brain @entity1 . Twenty-five of the @entity0 who received only radiation therapy had a median survival of 13 weeks (range, 4 to 146), while 7 selected @entity0 who underwent surgical resection and postoperative radiation had a median survival of 66 weeks (range, 18 to 260). In 5 of the 7 @entity0 , scans demonstrated recurrent @entity2 from 6 to 23 weeks postoperatively. One @entity0 had a pronounced reduction in the size of the @entity2 after radiation therapy only. This study shows that brain @entity1 is usually a late complication of @entity4 and is associated with a poor prognosis.

title: Brain @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Of 926 @entity0 with @entity4 , 36 (3.9%) had @entity1 to the brain. The median age at presentation was 61 years (range, 34 to 82). Nineteen @entity0 had a single lesion metastatic to the brain, and 16 of these lesions were supratentorial. In 28% of the @entity0 , computed tomography showed hyperdense lesions before contrast material was injected. All @entity0 , except 2 with incomplete records, had evidence of @entity3 involving bone, liver, or lung. The median time interval between the initial diagnosis and the discovery of brain @entity1 was 65.5 weeks (range, 0 to 462), with only 2 @entity0 initially presenting with brain @entity1 . Twenty-five of the @entity0 who received only radiation therapy had a median survival of 13 weeks (range, 4 to 146), while 7 selected @entity0 who underwent surgical resection and postoperative radiation had a median survival of 66 weeks (range, 18 to 260). In 5 of the 7 @entity0 , scans demonstrated recurrent @entity2 from 6 to 23 weeks postoperatively. One @entity0 had a pronounced reduction in the size of the @entity2 after radiation therapy only. This study shows that brain @entity1 is usually a late complication of @entity4 and is associated with a poor prognosis.

title: Brain XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The in vitro excystation of @entity1 on cysts isolated from @entity0 feces was studied. After purification by @entity2 gradient, cysts were incubated in a pepsin-acid solution, then placed in a modified HSP3 medium where excystation occurred within a few minutes. The excystation procedure was studied by continuous observations by light microscopy and sequential observations by @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The in vitro excystation was stopped at timed intervals during incubation by addition of a large amount of 1% @entity3 . The excystation process began by the cyst wall opening at one pole. Flagella protruded rapidly, the parasite emerged progressively from the cyst envelope, posterior end first, the empty cyst collapsed and shrank. Although flagella emerging from the organism were distinguishable, the cell body had not yet shown all the morphological features of the @entity1 trophozoite. A radical rearrangement of the organism occurred gradually: initially oval in shape, the parasite became round, then elongated, flattened, and underwent cytokinesis. The daughter trophozoites acquired their typical morphological features: the shape, the adhesive disc with the C-shaped structure distinctly visible on the ventral surface, and the definite placement of the flagella. These observations obtained on @entity1 by @entity4 were comparable to those obtained with @entity5 .

title: In vitro excystation of Giardia from @entity0 : a XXXX study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The in vitro excystation of @entity1 on cysts isolated from @entity0 feces was studied. After purification by @entity2 gradient, cysts were incubated in a pepsin-acid solution, then placed in a modified HSP3 medium where excystation occurred within a few minutes. The excystation procedure was studied by continuous observations by light microscopy and sequential observations by @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The in vitro excystation was stopped at timed intervals during incubation by addition of a large amount of 1% @entity3 . The excystation process began by the cyst wall opening at one pole. Flagella protruded rapidly, the parasite emerged progressively from the cyst envelope, posterior end first, the empty cyst collapsed and shrank. Although flagella emerging from the organism were distinguishable, the cell body had not yet shown all the morphological features of the @entity1 trophozoite. A radical rearrangement of the organism occurred gradually: initially oval in shape, the parasite became round, then elongated, flattened, and underwent cytokinesis. The daughter trophozoites acquired their typical morphological features: the shape, the adhesive disc with the C-shaped structure distinctly visible on the ventral surface, and the definite placement of the flagella. These observations obtained on @entity1 by @entity4 were comparable to those obtained with @entity5 .

title: In vitro excystation of Giardia from XXXX : a @entity4 study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has been carried out in 59 @entity0 with complicated forms of @entity7 (acquired short oesophagus, columnar lined oesophagus, previous oesophagogastric surgery, stenosis). A standard procedure (truncal vagotomy, antrectomy and gastrojejunal anatomosis using a 70 cm Roux-en-Y loop) was performed in 41 @entity0 , and some technical adjustments were required in 18 @entity0 previously operated on. One @entity0 died from @entity4 . Bowel movements were resumed before the fifth postoperative day in 93 per cent of @entity0 (54/59). Early postoperative complications ( @entity5 , 5; @entity1 , 1; subsequent operation, 1) occurred in 12 per cent of @entity0 . Stabilization of the @entity2 was achieved in less than 3 months in 95 per cent of cases (55/58). There were two cases of regression of columnar lined oesophagus. A 3-h postprandial pH assessment showed that the reflux had been controlled in 92 per cent of cases (47/51). One @entity0 who still had an acid reflux died subsequently of a perforated oesophageal ulcer. Three anastomotic @entity3 occurred in eight @entity0 who did not have vagotomy. Digestive side-effects have been observed in nine @entity0 , but only in one case were they crippling. Our results suggest that @entity6 is a suitable form of treatment for complicated forms of @entity7 .

title: @entity6 in the treatment of complicated XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has been carried out in 59 @entity0 with complicated forms of @entity7 (acquired short oesophagus, columnar lined oesophagus, previous oesophagogastric surgery, stenosis). A standard procedure (truncal vagotomy, antrectomy and gastrojejunal anatomosis using a 70 cm Roux-en-Y loop) was performed in 41 @entity0 , and some technical adjustments were required in 18 @entity0 previously operated on. One @entity0 died from @entity4 . Bowel movements were resumed before the fifth postoperative day in 93 per cent of @entity0 (54/59). Early postoperative complications ( @entity5 , 5; @entity1 , 1; subsequent operation, 1) occurred in 12 per cent of @entity0 . Stabilization of the @entity2 was achieved in less than 3 months in 95 per cent of cases (55/58). There were two cases of regression of columnar lined oesophagus. A 3-h postprandial pH assessment showed that the reflux had been controlled in 92 per cent of cases (47/51). One @entity0 who still had an acid reflux died subsequently of a perforated oesophageal ulcer. Three anastomotic @entity3 occurred in eight @entity0 who did not have vagotomy. Digestive side-effects have been observed in nine @entity0 , but only in one case were they crippling. Our results suggest that @entity6 is a suitable form of treatment for complicated forms of @entity7 .

title: XXXX in the treatment of complicated @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of a rectal balloon for prostate immobilization and @entity2 reduction in @entity0 receiving dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiotherapy for @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity3 who were undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy were treated in a prone position, immobilized with a customized Vac-Lok bag (MED-TEC, Orange City, IA). A rectal balloon with 100 cc of air was used to immobilize the prostate. The prostate displacements were measured using computed tomography (CT)-CT fusion on 10 @entity0 who received radioactive seed implant before intensity-modulated radiotherapy. They were scanned twice weekly during 5 weeks of intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and breathing studies were also performed. @entity2 was evaluated by use of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring in 100 @entity0 . They were treated to a mean dose of 76 Gy over 35 fractions (2.17-Gy fraction size). Dose-volume histogram of the rectum was assessed. A film phantom was constructed to simulate the 4-cm diameter air cavity that was created by the rectal balloon. Kodak XV2 films (Rochester NY) were used to measure and compare dose distribution with and without the air cavity. A fraction of 1.25 Gy was delivered to the phantom at isocenter with 15-MV photons by use of the NOMOS Peacock system and the MIMiC treatment delivery system (Sewickley, PA). RESULTS: The anterior-posterior and lateral prostate displacements were minimal, on the order of measurement uncertainty (approximately 1 mm). The standard deviation of @entity1 was 1.78 mm. Breathing studies showed no organ displacement during normal breathing when the rectal balloon was in place. The @entity2 profile was very favorable: 83% (83/100) @entity0 had no rectal complaint, and 11% and 6% had grade 1 and 2 @entity2 , respectively. Dose-volume histogram analysis revealed that in all of the @entity0 , no more than 25% of the rectum received 70 Gy or greater. As visualized by film dosimetry, the dose at air-tissue interface was approximately 15% lower than that without an air cavity. The dose built up rapidly so that at 1 and 2 mm, the differential was approximately 8% and 5%, respectively. The dosimetric coverage at the depth of the posterior prostate wall was essentially equal, with or without the air cavity. DISCUSSION: The use of a rectal balloon during intensity-modulated radiotherapy significantly reduces prostate motion. Prostate immobilization thus allows a safer and smaller planning target volume margin. It has also helped spare the anterior rectal wall (by its dosimetric effects) and reduced the rectal volume that received high-dose radiation (by rectal wall distension). All these factors may have further contributed to the decreased @entity2 achieved by intensity-modulated radiotherapy, despite dose escalation and higher-than-conventional fraction size.

title: The use of rectal balloon during the delivery of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for XXXX : more than just a prostate gland immobilization device?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To see if the results of managing @entity2 with medical treatment alone is comparable to those after surgery or other ablative therapy. DESIGN: A case series. SETTING: A tertiary care centre. @entity0 : Eleven @entity0 with @entity2 treated over a 5-year period. The condition was diagnosed from a typical history, @entity0 age, standard radiography, computed tomography, bone scanning, complete blood count and measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. INTERVENTIONS: Continued medical treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for 6 months after @entity1 ceased. Surgery was done only in those who refused or could not tolerate medical treatment. MAIN RESULTS: Medical treatment successfully controlled the @entity1 in all @entity0 . Two @entity0 decided to undergo surgery because of intolerance to the NSAIDS. In 7 @entity0 the symptoms resolved after a mean time of 2.5 years. Two @entity0 were still taking NSAIDS 5 years from the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of @entity2 is self-limited so @entity0 should be offered nonoperative treatment, reserving ablative treatment for those who are unable or unwilling to take NSAIDs until their symptoms resolve.

title: Medical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: The incidence of primary @entity2 was lower and its treatment was difficult and its prognosis was worse. This study was designed to explore the clinical characters, treatment, prognosis of primary @entity2 in this paper as the incidence of primary @entity2 was lower, its treatment was difficult and its prognosis was worse. METHODS: From 1964 to 1999, twenty-four @entity0 were reviewed retrospectively in our hospital. RESULTS: The main clinical symptoms were @entity3 and discharge. The median age was 49 years old. Five @entity0 were classified as stage I, 10 @entity0 were stage II, 5 @entity0 were stage III, and 4 @entity0 were stage IV. The lesion was located in the anterior wall in 8(33.3%) @entity0 , the posterior wall in 5(20.8%) @entity0 , the left wall in 1 @entity0 and the multiple walls in 10(41.7%) @entity0 . Twenty-four @entity0 were generally received radiotherapy, including external-beam and intracavitary irradiation. Two @entity0 were concurrently received chemotherapy and irradiation, Eight @entity0 were received chemotherapy as the @entity1 was not control and recurrent or metastatic. The survival rate of 3 years was 47.3% and that of 5 years was 34.2%. The survival mean time of @entity0 with stage I and stage II was 60.3 months obviously much longer than 14.8 months of @entity0 with stage III and stage IV, and they were significantly statistical difference (P < 0.01). But the survival mean time of @entity0 more than 40 years and less than or equal to 40 years was not significantly statistical difference. Eight @entity0 had local recurrence, which is the main reason of failure treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Primary vaginal @entity2 should mainly be adopted combined treatment depending on radiotherapy, but the prognosis was worse, the stage was the important factors affecting on the prognosis.

title: [Primary XXXX of vagina--attaching 24 cases clinical analysis].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Male subjects (10 experimental, 16 control) with borderline @entity1 (140/90 to 160/95 mm Hg) participated in a circuit weight training program for 9 wk to assess its efficacy and safety. Resting blood pressure and heart rate were measured under standardized conditions prior to and following each session and at several locations in the circuit. Subjects were assessed pre- and post-training. Upper and lower body strength increased 12.5 and 53% when assessed by one-repetition maximum lifts for bench press (57 to 64 kg) and leg press (134 to 205 kg), respectively. Total weight lifted per circuit increased 57% (4,374 to 6,866 kg). Lean body mass increased 2.2% (64.0 to 65.4 kg), skinfold thicknesses decreased, and other measures of body composition remained unchanged. Cardiovascular endurance as assessed by arm ergometry maximal @entity0 uptake increased 21.1% (1.9 to 2.3 1 X @entity2 ), and by 7.8% as assessed by treadmill maximal @entity0 uptake (40.9 to 44.1 ml X kg-1 X @entity2 ). Resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure did not change. Diastolic blood pressure fell from 95.8 to 91.3 mm Hg. All changes were significant to at least P less than 0.05. Thus, circuit weight training can elicit marked improvements in muscular strength and modest improvements in body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance. Circuit weight training does not exacerbate resting or exercise blood pressure and may have beneficial effects.

title: Physiological response to circuit weight training in borderline XXXX subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 1996 the US construction industry comprised 5.4% of the annual US employment but accounted for 7.8% of nonfatal @entity6 and illness and 9.7% of cases involving at least a day away from work. Information in the published literature on the disability arising from construction @entity0 is limited. The construction claims experience (n = 35,790) of a large workers' compensation insurer with national coverage was examined. The leading types and sources of disabling occupational morbidity in 1996 in the US construction industry were identified. Disability duration was calculated from indemnity payments data using previously published methods. The average disability duration for an injured construction worker was 46 days with a median of 0 days. The most frequently occurring conditions were @entity4 (14.8%), @entity5 (8.5%), and finger lacerations (4.8%). Back @entity1 also accounted for the greatest percentage of construction claim costs (21.3%) and disability days (25.5%). However, the conditions with the @entity3 durations were @entity0 , including @entity2 of the ankle (median = 55 days), foot (42 days), and wrist (38 days). Same-level and elevated falls were the principal exposures for @entity2 of the wrist and ankle, whereas elevated falls and struck by incidents accounted for the majority of @entity2 . Manual materials handling activities were most often associated with @entity4 disability. The results suggest that these most disabling @entity0 can be addressed by increasing primary prevention resources in slips and falls and exposures related to @entity0 as well as in reducing manual materials handling and other exposures associated with more gradual-onset @entity0 .

title: Disabling XXXX in the US construction industry, 1996.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Previous morphologic studies on kidneys from adult @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) indicates that the cysts developed from nephrons and collecting ducts in association with @entity5 of epithelial cells lining the cyst walls. In the present study, we systematically evaluated by scanning electron microscopy 387 cysts in @entity8 from 10 adult @entity0 . Some cysts were lined by cells typical of collecting duct (7.2%), proximal tubule (1.8%) or glomerular visceral (2.1%) epithelium. The remaining cysts were lined by a single layer of phenotypically undefined (84.0%) or markedly hyperplastic (4.9%) epithelium. The median plane surface area of individual cells within cysts was 182 X 10(-8) cm2. Among all cysts the surface area of single epithelial cells ranged between 22 and 2530 X 10(-8) cm2, but within single cysts the range of individual cell surface areas was more narrow. Mean cell surface area did not increase in direct proportion to cyst diameter; thus, @entity6 is a central element in the progressive enlargement of cysts. In some @entity5 was accentuated by projections into cyst lumens of @entity4 , small @entity3 and cord-like arrangements of cells. Epithelial @entity4 were found in the cysts of one @entity7 @entity0 , excluding @entity2 as a cause of this accentuated type of epithelial proliferation. Morphologic evidence that cysts compressed adjacent renal parenchyma was observed in all kidneys. In 11 cysts bisected and then both halves thoroughly examined by scanning electron microscopy, one or two tubule openings were seen in one of the hemisections in three cysts (27.3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cyst formation and growth in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of low doses of ionizing and nonionizing radiation on the radiation response of @entity0 @entity0 toward ionizing and nonionizing radiation was studied. The wild-type strain D273-10B on exposure to 54 Gy gamma radiation (resulting in about 10% cell killing) showed enhanced resistance to subsequent exposure to UV radiation. This induced UV resistance increased with the incubation time between the initial gamma radiation stress and the UV irradiation. Exposure to low doses of UV light on the other hand showed no change in gamma or UV radiation response of this strain. The strains carrying a mutation at @entity3 behaved in a way similar to the wild type, but with slightly reduced induced response. In contrast to this, the @entity4 mutants, defective in excision repair, showed no induced UV resistance. Removal of UV-induced @entity2 dimers in wild-type @entity0 DNA after UV irradiation was examined by analyzing the sites recognized by UV endonuclease from @entity1 . The samples that were exposed to low doses of gamma radiation before UV irradiation were able to repair the @entity2 dimers more efficiently than the samples in which low gamma irradiation was omitted. The nature of enhanced repair was studied by scoring the frequency of induced gene conversion and reverse mutation at trp and ilv loci respectively in strain D7, which showed similar enhanced UV resistance induced by low-dose gamma irradiation. The induced repair was found to be essentially error-free. These results suggest that irradiation of strain D273-10B with low doses of gamma radiation enhances its capability for excision repair of UV-induced @entity2 dimers.

title: Exposure to low dose of gamma radiation enhances the excision repair in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Treatment by dialyzing represents an important contribution to the therapy of @entity6 @entity0 . On the other hand, besides high financial costs it is not possible to forger significant social and psychic consequences of this therapy. The present paper aimed at a pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the costs of conservative treatment of @entity6 @entity0 . The secondary aim was to compare the costs of conservative treatment in @entity0 with markedly limited renal functions, @entity4 clearance (Ccr < 0.4 ml/s), with those in @entity0 with only slightly and medium-reduced renal functions (Ccr 0.4-1 ml/s). Health documentation from three nephrological out- @entity0 surgeries was used to evaluate the results, the criterion for the selection of @entity0 being a nephrological diagnosis with Ccr below 1 ml/s. The group comprised 102 @entity0 aged 21-84 years (average age being 63.99 years), including 56 females (54.9%) and 46 males (45.1%). According to the stage of @entity1 , they were divided into two groups. The @entity0 with slightly and medium-reduced renal functions (Ccr 0.4-1.0 ml/s) represented nearly three quarters, whereas the @entity0 with markedly reduced renal functions (Ccr < 0.4 ml/s) only slightly more than one quarter. In the group under study, the pharmacotherapeutic costs represented 2,889,778.0 SK/year (28,331.16 SK/1 @entity0 /1 day), in @entity0 with @entity2 the costs being markedly higher (47,427.3 SK/1 @entity0 /1 day in comparison with 21,456.7 SK/1 @entity0 /1 day). Of total pharmacotherapeutic costs, 29.38% was represented by antihypertensive agents, 24.47% by preparations supplementing essential @entity5 , 14.83% by hypolipidemic agents, 14.37% by preparations supplementing @entity3 , 6.19% by antianaemic agents, and 7.76% by other drugs. The results demonstrate that pharmacotherapy of @entity1 is costly but in comparison with elimination methods (dialysis) it is incomparably less expensive. The spectrum of employed agents is in agreement with the present-day trends in conservative treatment which decelerates the progress of @entity1 .

title: [Analysis of the present status of conservative therapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate sow and piglet productivity under extended photoperiod. In Exp. 1, 98 crossbred, lactating sows were housed in one of four treatments: thermoneutral air temperature (23.6 degrees C) in either (h of light:dark) 1:23 or 16:8 photoperiods, or heat stress (30.4 degrees C) in either 1:23 or 16:8 photoperiods. @entity2 reduced (P less than .05) sow feed intake, piglet mortality and piglet weaning weight and increased (P less than .01) sow lactation @entity0 . Number of @entity1 weaned per litter was increased (P less than .01) when sows were heat-stressed. Extended photoperiod reduced (P greater than .05) time for sows to rebreed postweaning by .4 d. The interaction between air temperature and photoperiod was significant only for sow lactation @entity0 . @entity2 increased sow lactation @entity0 , but this effect was more severe in the 1:23 than in the 16:8 photoperiod. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the effects of 1:23 or 16:8 photoperiods on nursery @entity1 performance when @entity1 were weaned from sows experiencing 1:23 (Exp. 3) or 16:8 (Exp. 2) photoperiods. In both nursery studies, photoperiod did not influence (P greater than .10) postweaning @entity1 mortality, feed intake, weight gain or gain:feed ratio. In conclusion, extended photoperiod reduced days to return to estrus and reduced sow lactation @entity0 , especially during heat stress. No benefits in preweaning or postweaning piglet weight or survival were observed by use of extended photoperiod.

title: Photoperiod and heat stress influence on lactating sow performance and photoperiod effects on nursery XXXX performance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Little is known regarding the role of diaphragm small-fiber afferents (groups III and IV) in the control of breathing. This study was designed to determine whether activation of these afferents with use of @entity2 affects phrenic efferent activity. @entity2 injections into the phrenic artery were made in 10 alpha- @entity3 -anesthetized @entity0 after each of the following procedures performed in succession: bilateral cervical vagotomy, C7 spinal cord transection, bilateral cervical dorsal rhizotomy. In six of these animals injections were also made after C2 spinal cord transection and removal of the cervical spinal cord. Injections made in the vagotomized animals were associated with apneusis followed by hyperpnea. C7 spinal transection eliminated the hyperpneic response, but the apneusis remained. @entity1 spinal cord transection failed to abolish the apneusis in response to injection. No diaphragm response was obtained after removal of the cervical spinal cord. Experiments in three additional animals showed that @entity2 does not have a direct excitatory effect on the muscle cells of the crural diaphragm, nor does it potentiate the release of neurotransmitter in the diaphragm. The results of this study indicate that small-fiber afferents in the diaphragm have an excitatory effect on phrenic motoneurons. There is a segmental component to this reflex, since the response is observed after C2 spinal cord transection. The data also suggest that at least some of these afferents enter the spinal cord through the ventral roots.

title: Effect of diaphragm small-fiber afferent stimulation on ventilation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prediction of the effect of a home physiotherapy intervention on the basis of four clinical characteristics of @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . DESIGN: A repeated measures design comparing six weeks without treatment with six weeks of physiotherapy and a follow-up of 12 weeks. SUBJECTS: @entity0 with @entity1 without @entity2 and suffering from considerable functional disability. INTERVENTION: Community physiotherapists treated @entity0 in the home situation three times a week teaching cueing and conscious movement control for walking and carrying out transfers in and out of beds and chairs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mental status, disease severity, age and mood were included as predictor variables. A new functional scale developed as part of a previous study was used as the dependent variable administered in both the hospital and the home to determine whether the outcome generalized from the learning to a different environment. RESULTS: Only disease severity was a negative predictor of treatment outcome at home. In the hospital setting none of the factors predicted the immediate effect of treatment but cognitive ability and age were determinants of whether the treatment effects were maintained in the long term. CONCLUSIONS: Using cueing and cognitive strategies benefited younger and older @entity0 with @entity1 alike. However, the findings indicate targeting of treatment at @entity0 with milder disease severity and providing follow-up treatment for older and cognitively less able @entity0 .

title: Prediction of outcome of physiotherapy in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Most published neuropsychologic studies on @entity4 have been performed on mixed groups of adults and adolescents with @entity2 of varying etiology. The cognitive profile of @entity4 in @entity0 has not been defined. The purpose of this study was to assess neuropsychologic performance in @entity0 with @entity4 . Intelligence and executive functions were examined in eight @entity0 (age 6 7/12 years to 13 11/12 years) with @entity4 . Performance was related to the focus side, @entity3 frequency, and age of @entity2 onset. @entity4 was associated with a @entity1 , but IQ was generally spared. Left focus was associated with deficits in categorization, verbal long-term memory, and detailed visuospatial analysis. Frequent @entity3 correlated with attention difficulties and inability to inhibit impulsive responses. @entity0 whose @entity2 appeared before age 6 years had reduced ability to change behavioral strategies. Frontal @entity2 activity alone can cause selective frontal deficits, the severity and nature of which are related to side, @entity3 frequency, and age of @entity2 onset. These findings require confirmation on larger series of selected @entity0 .

title: Neuropsychologic effects of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Most published neuropsychologic studies on @entity4 have been performed on mixed groups of adults and adolescents with @entity2 of varying etiology. The cognitive profile of @entity4 in @entity0 has not been defined. The purpose of this study was to assess neuropsychologic performance in @entity0 with @entity4 . Intelligence and executive functions were examined in eight @entity0 (age 6 7/12 years to 13 11/12 years) with @entity4 . Performance was related to the focus side, @entity3 frequency, and age of @entity2 onset. @entity4 was associated with a @entity1 , but IQ was generally spared. Left focus was associated with deficits in categorization, verbal long-term memory, and detailed visuospatial analysis. Frequent @entity3 correlated with attention difficulties and inability to inhibit impulsive responses. @entity0 whose @entity2 appeared before age 6 years had reduced ability to change behavioral strategies. Frontal @entity2 activity alone can cause selective frontal deficits, the severity and nature of which are related to side, @entity3 frequency, and age of @entity2 onset. These findings require confirmation on larger series of selected @entity0 .

title: Neuropsychologic effects of @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Tight control of the volume and composition of the pleural liquid is necessary to ensure an efficient mechanical coupling between lung and chest wall. Liquid enters the pleural space through the parietal pleura down a net filtering pressure gradient. Liquid removal is provided by an absorptive pressure gradient through the visceral pleura, by lymphatic drainage through the stomas of the parietal pleura, and by cellular mechanisms. Indeed, contrary to what was believed in the past, pleural mesothelial cells are metabolically active, and possess the cellular features for active transport of solutes, including vesicular transport of protein. Furthermore, the mesothelium was shown, on the basis of recent experimental evidence, both in vivo and in vitro, to be a less permeable barrier than previously believed, being provided with permeability characteristics similar to those of the microvascular endothelium. Direct assessment of the relative contribution of the different mechanisms of pleural fluid removal is difficult, due to the difficulty in measuring the relevant parameters in the appropriate areas, and to the fragility of the mesothelium. The role of the visceral pleura in pleural fluid removal under physiological conditions is supported by a number of findings and considerations. Further evidence indicates that direct lymphatic drainage through the stomas of the parietal pleura is crucial in removing particles and cells, and important in removing protein from the pleural space, but should not be the main effector of fluid removal. Its importance, however, increases markedly in the presence of increased intrapleural liquid loads. @entity1 and liquid by transcytosis, although likely on the basis of morphological findings and suggested by recent indirect experimental evidence, still needs to be directly proven to occur in the pleura. When pleural liquid volume increases, an imbalance occurs in the forces involved in turnover, which favours fluid removal. In case of a primary abnormality of one ore more of the mechanisms of @entity0 , a @entity2 ensues. The factors responsible for @entity2 may be subdivided into three main categories: those changing transpleural pressure balance, those impairing lymphatic drainage, and those producing increases in mesothelial and capillary endothelial permeability. Except in the first case, pleural fluid protein concentration increases above normal: this feature underlies the classification of @entity2 into transudative and exudative.

title: Physiology and pathophysiology of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ertapenem is a once-daily parenteral @entity4 licensed in the United States in November 2001 and in Europe in May 2002. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy and safety profiles of ertapenem with those of @entity3 for the treatment of hospitalized adult @entity0 with serious @entity2 ( @entity2 ) requiring parenteral therapy. METHODS: In this prospective, double-blind (with sponsor blinding), multicenter study, adult @entity0 with @entity2 were stratified by Pneumonia Severity Index (< or = 3 or > 3) and age (< or = 65 or > 65 years) and randomized (2:1) to receive IV or intramuscular (IM) ertapenem 1 g once daily or IV or IM @entity3 1 g once daily. Investigators could switch @entity0 to an oral antimicrobial agent if clinical improvement was shown after at least 3 days of parenteral therapy. RESULTS: A total of 364 @entity0 were randomized to treatment: 239 to the ertapenem group and 125 to the @entity3 group. Three @entity0 in the ertapenem group and 2 in the @entity3 group did not receive study therapy. Of the treated @entity0 , 77.1% (182/236) of @entity0 in the ertapenem group and 75.6% (93/123) in the @entity3 group were clinically evaluable. Among clinically evaluable @entity0 , the mean (SD) durations of parenteral and total (parenteral plus optional oral) therapy were 5.5 (2.6) and 11.5 (2.7) days for ertapenem and 5.6 (2.8) and 11.7 (3.0) days for @entity3 , respectively. @entity1 was the most frequently isolated pathogen in both treatment groups. Cure rates were 92.2% for clinically evaluable @entity0 in the ertapenem group and 93.6% for those in the @entity3 group (95% CI for the difference, adjusted for stratum, -8.6 to 5.7), fulfilling the criteria for statistical equivalence. At completion of parenteral therapy, 94.7% of @entity0 in the ertapenem group and 95.8% in the @entity3 group showed clinical improvement. Infused vein complications (ertapenem, 3.4% [8/236]; @entity3 , 7.3% [9/123]) and elevated transaminase levels (ertapenem, 6.3% [13/207]; @entity3 , 7.1% [8/113]) were the most common adverse events in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of hospitalized adult @entity0 , ertapenem therapy, with an oral switch option, was as effective as @entity3 with the same oral switch option for treatment of @entity2 requiring initial parenteral therapy. The overall safety profiles of the 2 drugs were comparable.

title: A prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter comparison of parenteral ertapenem and XXXX for the treatment of hospitalized adults with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ertapenem is a once-daily parenteral @entity4 licensed in the United States in November 2001 and in Europe in May 2002. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy and safety profiles of ertapenem with those of @entity3 for the treatment of hospitalized adult @entity0 with serious @entity2 ( @entity2 ) requiring parenteral therapy. METHODS: In this prospective, double-blind (with sponsor blinding), multicenter study, adult @entity0 with @entity2 were stratified by Pneumonia Severity Index (< or = 3 or > 3) and age (< or = 65 or > 65 years) and randomized (2:1) to receive IV or intramuscular (IM) ertapenem 1 g once daily or IV or IM @entity3 1 g once daily. Investigators could switch @entity0 to an oral antimicrobial agent if clinical improvement was shown after at least 3 days of parenteral therapy. RESULTS: A total of 364 @entity0 were randomized to treatment: 239 to the ertapenem group and 125 to the @entity3 group. Three @entity0 in the ertapenem group and 2 in the @entity3 group did not receive study therapy. Of the treated @entity0 , 77.1% (182/236) of @entity0 in the ertapenem group and 75.6% (93/123) in the @entity3 group were clinically evaluable. Among clinically evaluable @entity0 , the mean (SD) durations of parenteral and total (parenteral plus optional oral) therapy were 5.5 (2.6) and 11.5 (2.7) days for ertapenem and 5.6 (2.8) and 11.7 (3.0) days for @entity3 , respectively. @entity1 was the most frequently isolated pathogen in both treatment groups. Cure rates were 92.2% for clinically evaluable @entity0 in the ertapenem group and 93.6% for those in the @entity3 group (95% CI for the difference, adjusted for stratum, -8.6 to 5.7), fulfilling the criteria for statistical equivalence. At completion of parenteral therapy, 94.7% of @entity0 in the ertapenem group and 95.8% in the @entity3 group showed clinical improvement. Infused vein complications (ertapenem, 3.4% [8/236]; @entity3 , 7.3% [9/123]) and elevated transaminase levels (ertapenem, 6.3% [13/207]; @entity3 , 7.1% [8/113]) were the most common adverse events in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of hospitalized adult @entity0 , ertapenem therapy, with an oral switch option, was as effective as @entity3 with the same oral switch option for treatment of @entity2 requiring initial parenteral therapy. The overall safety profiles of the 2 drugs were comparable.

title: A prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter comparison of parenteral ertapenem and @entity3 for the treatment of hospitalized adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The clinical records of 47 @entity0 with @entity5 treated between 1973 and 1984 were reviewed. The mean age was 41 years. There were relatively few blacks and @entity0 of mixed race--4% and 17% respectively. The incidence of associated testicular maldescent was statistically significantly higher among the black and mixed-race @entity0 (40%) than among the white @entity0 (8%). Forty-three @entity0 underwent retroperitoneal irradiation after orchidectomy, with a 5-year survival rate of 87% at a median follow-up of 52 months. There were no relapses at follow-up in 27 stage I @entity0 ; 1 of 8 @entity0 with stage IIA and B (non-bulky) disease relapsed after 12 years, and relapses occurred in all 5 @entity0 with stage IIC (bulky) @entity5 . Retroperitoneal and mediastinal irradiation has controlled disease in 2 @entity0 with @entity2 without bulky @entity1 . One @entity0 with stage IV @entity5 treated with irradiation relapsed. One of the @entity0 with stage I disease has developed a major bowel complication following 3,000 cGy fractionated irradiation. Our experience with @entity3 -based chemotherapy includes noting its effectiveness in a @entity0 with unresectable locally advanced @entity5 . We recommend retroperitoneal irradiation after orchidectomy for @entity0 with stage I and IIA/B disease and @entity3 combination chemotherapy after orchidectomy for those with more @entity4 .

title: XXXX at Groote Schuur Hospital, 1973-1984.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), previous studies have shown that @entity2 clearance (CCr) overestimates true glomerular filtration rate as measured by inulin clearance ( @entity3 ), and that among @entity0 the degree of overestimation is highly variable. We sought to determine whether the discrepancy between CCr and @entity3 remains constant over time (months, years) in each individual @entity0 , and therefore whether serial measurements of CCr reliably reflect the direction and magnitude of change in @entity3 . Twenty-five @entity0 with @entity1 underwent simultaneous determinations of CCr and @entity3 performed two to four (mean 3.3) times over three years. In a given @entity0 , it was found that the ratio of CCr/ @entity3 changed substantially over time (mean SD 0.16 with 95% confidence interval of 0.12 to 0.20). Thus, in about 32% of cases the ratio of CCr/ @entity3 will vary more than +/- 16% from a previously measured value of CCr/ @entity3 . @entity0 with both high and low values of @entity3 showed similar variability in CCR/ @entity3 over time. Variability in CCr/ @entity3 was found regardless of whether @entity3 was increasing, decreasing, or constant over time. In nearly one-half of all measurements of CCr, the corresponding change in @entity3 was directionally discordant. @entity4 and @entity5 renal clearances correlated highly with @entity3 (R2 = 0.99). We conclude that the discrepancy between CCr and @entity3 can vary greatly over time in an individual @entity0 . Consequently, serial CCr does not accurately measure the direction or magnitude of change in glomerular filtration rate in @entity1 .

title: Serial assessment of glomerular filtration rate in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the @entity0 , there is a single @entity3 -subunit gene represented by three exons interrupted by two introns. This gene contains two promoters which determines the synthesis of two mRNAs with 5'-untranslated regions that differ by 43 base pairs. This study evaluates the steady state levels of these @entity3 mRNAs in various thyroidal states. Blot hybridization analyses of pituitary mRNA with synthetic probes designed to detect either one or both @entity3 mRNAs were performed. One probe corresponds to 24 bases in the 5'-untranslated region of mRNA1 and a second corresponds to 25 @entity2 in the coding region and detects both mRNA1 and mRNA2. These studies indicate the presence of @entity3 mRNA species of indistinguishable size consistent with the presence of two @entity3 mRNAs that contain slightly different 5'-untranslated regions. Comparison of pituitary RNA obtained from normal and @entity1 @entity0 reveals that the shorter mRNA (mRNA2) is increased approximately 6- to 8-fold with @entity1 while the abundance of the longer mRNA (mRNA1) is relatively unchanged. Treatment of either normal or @entity1 animals with T3 decreases the abundance of mRNA2 while again mRNA1 is relatively unaffected. Thus, although both mRNAs are detected, only one mRNA is dramatically altered by thyroidal status. Therefore, the single @entity0 @entity3 gene is transcribed into two mRNAs via the use of alternative promoters of which only one is markedly regulated by thyroid hormones.

title: Differential thyroid hormone-regulated XXXX thyrotropin beta gene expression detected by blot hybridization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The authors review their long-term results and complications with the use of botulinum A toxin in the treatment of @entity5 . Two hundred thirty-two @entity0 in three diagnostic groups--essential @entity7 , hemifacial @entity4 , and Meige's syndrome--were treated with botulinum A toxin. A total of 1044 treatments were given over a 4-year period. A reduction in orbicularis @entity4 intensity was noted in 1012 (96.9%) treatments (mean duration, 13.3 weeks). There was no clear relationship between toxin dose and the amount of @entity4 reduction or duration of response, and average duration of beneficial effect remained constant from the first through the twelfth injections. Complications occurred in 236 (22.6%) treatments. In most cases, these were local and transient. Symptomatic @entity2 was the most common side effect, noted in 7.5% of cases. @entity3 was reported in 7.3% of treatments and @entity6 in 2.5%. @entity1 involving the inferior oblique or lateral rectus muscles was seen in less than 1% of cases. There were no differences in degree of response or in complications among the three diagnostic groups, although there was a slight difference in duration of effect. @entity0 who had undergone previous eyelid surgery for @entity7 did not respond differently from those without prior surgery.

title: Long-term results and complications of botulinum A toxin in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 are rare @entity1 of the central nervous system containing neoplastic ganglion and low grade glial cells. In studying 10 surgically treated cases, we evaluated the clinical, pathological, radiological, and immunocytochemical features, with follow-up. Ranging from 18 to 58 years in age, 7 @entity0 were @entity0 , and 3 were @entity0 . The most common presenting symptom was @entity2 . Computed tomographic scan showed a low density enhancing mass in 8 and @entity4 in 5. Six had minimally abnormal vascularity on angiography. Seven @entity0 had total and 3 had subtotal resections of the @entity1 . The temporal lobe was the location of the @entity1 in 6 cases. All of the cases met the histological criteria of Russell and Rubinstein for @entity5 . Four @entity0 received postoperative radiotherapy because of subtotal resection or aggressive histological makeup. On follow-up, from 2.5 to 7 years, 8 @entity0 are alive and @entity1 -free, and 7 are also @entity2 -free. Two died after operation: one immediately and the other of a @entity3 that developed 5 years later. Our study confirms that @entity5 is a distinct histological entity, anatomically localized, with characteristic clinical and radiological findings and long term survival. Aggressive histological makeup is not a definite indication of malignant potential. The definitive role of follow-up radiotherapy for this @entity1 needs further study. Malignant evolution is rare, but warrants follow-up.

title: XXXX : a correlative clinicopathological and radiological study of ten surgically treated cases with follow-up.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Thousands of salivary cells fill the interstices throughout the anterior ends of @entity0 . The somata are large (30-200 micron in diameter). They project single processes (ductules) into the three jaws, and were found to fire overshooting action potentials of 50-85 mV amplitude and 100-200 ms duration at low spontaneous rates. The action potentials were not detected in the presence of @entity5 (10 mmol l-1), but could be recorded when @entity4 was absent from the Ringer, so they appear to be @entity1 -dependent. Salivary material is transported by the long processes of these unicellular glands and secreted into ducts which alternate with paired teeth on the jaws. Secretion is activated reliably by 10(-6) mol l-1 @entity2 , but not by other neurotransmitters found in the leech nervous system. Each jaw secretes at an average rate of 230 nl @entity3 in the presence of @entity2 , and secretion is completely abolished by @entity5 . Perfusion with @entity2 excites the salivary gland cells into impulse activity, and often evokes bursting. Impulse activity of the peripherally projecting, serotonergic Retzius cells evokes both depolarizations and action potentials in the salivary gland cells. In @entity0 , central neurones appear to control salivation by a peripheral release of @entity2 . This neurotransmitter evokes @entity1 -dependent action potentials and @entity1 , in turn, stimulates secretion.

title: Excitability and secretory activity in the salivary gland cells of XXXX (Hirudinea: Gnathobdellida).

answer: @entity0


abstract: Hindleg muscles of normal and dystrophic @entity0 were immobilized unilaterally early during the postnatal period. After 1 week the casts were removed. Of one group of @entity0 hindleg muscles were processed for histopathological and morphometrical evaluation at the end of the immobilization period. Hindlegs of other groups of @entity0 were remobilized for various periods of time before the muscles were examined. In normal @entity0 immobilization of @entity3 muscles that were fixed in a shortened position resulted in @entity2 of about 35% compared with untreated muscles. This was accompanied by a reduction in fibre number of about 15%. The antagonists that had been fixed extended, did not show those effects. Immobilization of @entity1 minimized pathology in both agonists and antagonists, although @entity2 developed. Upon remobilization the normal muscles resumed postnatal development. They did not deviate from normal, untreated muscles at the age of 3.5 months. Upon remobilization of @entity1 pathology developed, but less severely than during the second and third postnatal week in untreated @entity1 . Significant differences in morphometrical parameters compared with untreated @entity1 were observed during the 3 months remobilization period studied.

title: Early immobilization of hindleg muscles of dystrophic XXXX : short-term and long-term effects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We undertook a case-control study to investigate the association between chemicals in maternal drinking water consumed during pregnancy and @entity1 in the offspring. Two hundred and seventy affected @entity0 and 665 healthy @entity0 were enrolled in the study. Information on contaminant levels in maternal drinking water was available from records of routine water analysis of samples taken from public taps in the communities where the mothers resided during pregnancy. Mothers provided information during a telephone interview on their health, pregnancy management, and demographic characteristics. Nine inorganic metals were analysed for detection of an association with @entity1 . The chemical exposures of particular interest were @entity4 , lead, @entity2 and @entity5 . None of the chemicals was associated materially with an increase in the frequency of @entity1 overall. @entity4 exposure at any detectable level was associated with a threefold increase in occurrence of @entity3 (prevalence odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-8.9). Detectable traces of @entity5 in drinking water were associated with a lower frequency of any @entity1 than was observed among @entity0 exposed to drinking water not containing detectable levels of @entity5 (prevalence odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence limits = 0.40-0.97). A dose-response effect was observed over four levels of @entity5 exposure. Non-differential errors in the measurement and classification of exposure to contaminants routinely monitored in drinking water could account for lack of positive findings. In addition, most of the contaminant levels were below the maximum levels set by the Environmental Protection Agency, so that lack of evidence of effect may have been due to the low exposure levels in this population.

title: Chemical quality of maternal drinking water and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of leukocyte depletion on @entity1 produced by intravenous or intratracheal @entity3 ( @entity4 ) administration was studied in isolated perfused @entity0 lungs. Vascular endothelial permeability was assessed by use of the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c). A predicted pulmonary capillary pressure (Ppc,p) was calculated from measurements of postcapillary resistances. These parameters were measured before and 90 min after the administration of @entity4 , either intratracheally or intravascularly. When blood elements were present both intratracheal and intravascular @entity4 caused an increased Kf,c [0.27 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.22 and 0.25 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.15 (SE) ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1, respectively; P less than 0.05] and an increased Ppc,p (8.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 74.7 +/- 18.3 and 8.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 74.2 +/- 25.1 cm @entity2 , respectively; P less than 0.05). Removal of circulating leukocytes abolished the increased Kf,c when @entity4 was given intratracheally (0.35 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1) or intravascularly (0.39 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1). In the absence of neutrophils, Ppc,p slightly increased with intratracheal @entity4 , from 6.9 +/- 0.5 to 10.5 +/- 1.1 cm @entity2 (P less than 0.05), but was unchanged at 90 min with intravascular @entity4 . Depletion of circulating neutrophils with an antineutrophil serum failed to block the Kf,c change with intratracheal @entity4 (from 0.24 +/- 0.03 to 0.42 +/- 0.09 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1; P less than 0.05). Ppc,p also increased from 6.9 +/- 0.6 to 19.8 +/- 6.7 cm @entity2 (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -induced injury of isolated perfused @entity0 lungs: neutrophil dependence.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effect of leukocyte depletion on @entity1 produced by intravenous or intratracheal @entity3 ( @entity4 ) administration was studied in isolated perfused @entity0 lungs. Vascular endothelial permeability was assessed by use of the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c). A predicted pulmonary capillary pressure (Ppc,p) was calculated from measurements of postcapillary resistances. These parameters were measured before and 90 min after the administration of @entity4 , either intratracheally or intravascularly. When blood elements were present both intratracheal and intravascular @entity4 caused an increased Kf,c [0.27 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.22 and 0.25 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.15 (SE) ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1, respectively; P less than 0.05] and an increased Ppc,p (8.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 74.7 +/- 18.3 and 8.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 74.2 +/- 25.1 cm @entity2 , respectively; P less than 0.05). Removal of circulating leukocytes abolished the increased Kf,c when @entity4 was given intratracheally (0.35 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1) or intravascularly (0.39 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1). In the absence of neutrophils, Ppc,p slightly increased with intratracheal @entity4 , from 6.9 +/- 0.5 to 10.5 +/- 1.1 cm @entity2 (P less than 0.05), but was unchanged at 90 min with intravascular @entity4 . Depletion of circulating neutrophils with an antineutrophil serum failed to block the Kf,c change with intratracheal @entity4 (from 0.24 +/- 0.03 to 0.42 +/- 0.09 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1; P less than 0.05). Ppc,p also increased from 6.9 +/- 0.6 to 19.8 +/- 6.7 cm @entity2 (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3 -induced injury of isolated perfused XXXX lungs: neutrophil dependence.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Hyaluronan or @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a normal component of @entity0 follicular, oviduct, and uterine fluids. Granulosa and expanding cumulus cells secrete large amounts of @entity2 , and when @entity2 is added in maturation and culture media, it improves the developmental potential of oocytes and embryos. @entity2 regulates gene expression, signaling, proliferation, motility, adhesion, and morphogenesis. Many of these biological activities of @entity2 are mediated through binding to the receptor for @entity2 -mediated motility/intracellular @entity2 -binding protein ( @entity3 /IHABP). We evaluated the presence and dynamics of @entity3 /IHABP mRNA and protein expression in different stages of in vitro-produced @entity1 embryos using quantitative reverse transcriptase-real time-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. We also analyzed the effects of different culture systems on the relative abundance of @entity3 /IHABP transcripts. @entity3 /IHABP mRNA levels decreased from the 2-cell to the 16-cell stage, increased again at the morula stage, and reached their highest level at the expanded blastocyst stage. @entity3 /IHABP mRNA abundance was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in embryos recovered in serum-containing medium than in embryos from serum-free media. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of @entity3 /IHABP first in 8-cell stages. Whereas @entity3 staining in 8-cell and morula stages was intense, it was weaker in blastocysts. Embryonic secretion of @entity2 increased from the 2-cell stage until the 8-cell stage and then decreased in 16-cell embryos. After this, @entity2 secretion increased in expanded and hatched blastocyst stages. These data suggest that the positive effects of @entity2 on in vitro-produced @entity1 embryos may be mediated at least in part by @entity3 /IHABP.

title: Developmental regulation of hyaluronan-binding protein ( XXXX /IHABP) expression in early @entity1 embryos.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Hyaluronan or @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a normal component of @entity0 follicular, oviduct, and uterine fluids. Granulosa and expanding cumulus cells secrete large amounts of @entity2 , and when @entity2 is added in maturation and culture media, it improves the developmental potential of oocytes and embryos. @entity2 regulates gene expression, signaling, proliferation, motility, adhesion, and morphogenesis. Many of these biological activities of @entity2 are mediated through binding to the receptor for @entity2 -mediated motility/intracellular @entity2 -binding protein ( @entity3 /IHABP). We evaluated the presence and dynamics of @entity3 /IHABP mRNA and protein expression in different stages of in vitro-produced @entity1 embryos using quantitative reverse transcriptase-real time-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. We also analyzed the effects of different culture systems on the relative abundance of @entity3 /IHABP transcripts. @entity3 /IHABP mRNA levels decreased from the 2-cell to the 16-cell stage, increased again at the morula stage, and reached their highest level at the expanded blastocyst stage. @entity3 /IHABP mRNA abundance was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in embryos recovered in serum-containing medium than in embryos from serum-free media. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of @entity3 /IHABP first in 8-cell stages. Whereas @entity3 staining in 8-cell and morula stages was intense, it was weaker in blastocysts. Embryonic secretion of @entity2 increased from the 2-cell stage until the 8-cell stage and then decreased in 16-cell embryos. After this, @entity2 secretion increased in expanded and hatched blastocyst stages. These data suggest that the positive effects of @entity2 on in vitro-produced @entity1 embryos may be mediated at least in part by @entity3 /IHABP.

title: Developmental regulation of hyaluronan-binding protein ( @entity3 /IHABP) expression in early XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To review cases of @entity1 managed at the University Malaya Medical Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, from January 1990 to December 1999. METHODS: Medical records of all @entity0 with @entity1 were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical presentation, surgical management, and clinical outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Most of the 31 @entity0 who were treated for @entity1 presented late on the basis of the duration of their symptoms and radiological features. Five of the @entity0 had been referred for local recurrences. 26 @entity0 were treated for primary @entity1 : 18 needed wide excision, 7 curettage, and one amputation. The joint could not be preserved and arthrodesis was performed for 11 @entity0 . Three (12%) of the 26 @entity0 had local recurrence during a mean follow-up of 60 months, including one (6%) who had recurrence after wide excision and 2 (29%) after curettage. Pulmonary metastasis was noted in 4 cases, 2 of which were confirmed histologically. CONCLUSION: Even in an advanced stage of disease, good clinical outcomes can be achieved with adequate excision and appropriate reconstruction. For lesions around the knee, autologous rotational grafting is a good alternative method of reconstruction.

title: XXXX with late presentation: review of treatment and outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was designed to determine whether the surgical procedures for @entity2 influence @entity3 ( @entity1 ) absorption and disposition. Prior to and on the average 79 days after surgery, eight @entity0 received 10 mg kg-1 of @entity3 orally. Blood samples were obtained at regular intervals over 24 h and urine was collected for 48 h. Vagotomy with pyloroplasty or with gastrojejunostomy had no effect on @entity1 kinetics. Vagotomy with partial gastrectomy decreased the @entity1 plasma peak concentrations from 43.9 +/- 7.1 (mean +/- SEM) to 17.2 +/- 5.2 micrograms ml-1 (p less than 0.05) and increased the time required to reach this peak from 2.6 +/- 0.8 to 9.8 +/- 2.8 h (p less than 0.05). @entity1 rate constant of absorption decreased only slightly (1.22 +/- 0.45 to 0.24 +/- 0.07 h-1) and @entity1 bioavailability was not affected at all. In two (out of four) @entity0 , @entity1 volume of distribution and total body clearance increased, as reflected in the 41 per cent decrease in the mean area under the @entity1 plasma concentration-time curve. No changes were detected in @entity1 protein binding. Computer simulations indicated that in some subjects @entity1 plasma concentrations at steady state could be 76 per cent lower following vagotomy with partial gastrectomy than before surgery. It was concluded that vagotomy and antrectomy with a gastroduodenostomy or Billroth I reconstruction decreased the rate of @entity1 absorption and only in some subjects increased the @entity1 volume of distribution and rate of elimination. The possible mechanisms involved in these reported kinetic changes are discussed.

title: @entity3 absorption and disposition: effect of surgical procedures for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was designed to determine whether the surgical procedures for @entity2 influence @entity3 ( @entity1 ) absorption and disposition. Prior to and on the average 79 days after surgery, eight @entity0 received 10 mg kg-1 of @entity3 orally. Blood samples were obtained at regular intervals over 24 h and urine was collected for 48 h. Vagotomy with pyloroplasty or with gastrojejunostomy had no effect on @entity1 kinetics. Vagotomy with partial gastrectomy decreased the @entity1 plasma peak concentrations from 43.9 +/- 7.1 (mean +/- SEM) to 17.2 +/- 5.2 micrograms ml-1 (p less than 0.05) and increased the time required to reach this peak from 2.6 +/- 0.8 to 9.8 +/- 2.8 h (p less than 0.05). @entity1 rate constant of absorption decreased only slightly (1.22 +/- 0.45 to 0.24 +/- 0.07 h-1) and @entity1 bioavailability was not affected at all. In two (out of four) @entity0 , @entity1 volume of distribution and total body clearance increased, as reflected in the 41 per cent decrease in the mean area under the @entity1 plasma concentration-time curve. No changes were detected in @entity1 protein binding. Computer simulations indicated that in some subjects @entity1 plasma concentrations at steady state could be 76 per cent lower following vagotomy with partial gastrectomy than before surgery. It was concluded that vagotomy and antrectomy with a gastroduodenostomy or Billroth I reconstruction decreased the rate of @entity1 absorption and only in some subjects increased the @entity1 volume of distribution and rate of elimination. The possible mechanisms involved in these reported kinetic changes are discussed.

title: XXXX absorption and disposition: effect of surgical procedures for @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 is one of the most common @entity1 . However, @entity2 are still resistant to currently available radiochemotherapy. We recently reported a study on the initial clinical efficacy of locoregional adoptive immunotherapy for advanced @entity6 . We report here our clinical experience of remarked responses in distant metastatic lesions in a @entity0 with @entity1 after receiving this immunotherapy. A male @entity0 underwent curative surgery, and presented with multiple recurrent metastases in the supraclavicular lymph nodes (LNs), liver, and abdominal aortic LNs. Autologous @entity1 -activated lymphocytes (AuTLs) generated ex vivo were regionally injected into supraclavicular LNs every 2 weeks 13 times. Mean numbers of the administrated cells were 0.8 x 10(9) cells/injection. AuTLs established from peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by autologous @entity1 cells with @entity7 were tested for their @entity3 before every treatment. During immunotherapy, Grade 2 @entity5 and @entity4 were observed. The clinical partial responses were obtained in all lesions and were sustained for 11 months. Because clinical @entity3 was tolerable, this immunotherapy might be useful for @entity0 with far-advanced @entity6 .

title: Locoregional adoptive immunotherapy resulted in regression in distant metastases of a recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Protein restriction delays the progression of non-diabetic and @entity3 1 @entity7 . This study assessed whether protein restriction delays the onset or early progression of @entity2 in @entity3 2 @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. Outcomes were @entity4 (mg/24 h) and, as an estimate of the glomerular filtration rate, @entity8 -influenced @entity6 clearance. SETTING: Primary care. SUBJECTS: @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 and microalbuminuria or at least detectable @entity4 , or a @entity1 duration >5 y. INTERVENTIONS: The experimental group received dietary counselling on protein restriction (n=63); a control group (n=68) received the usual dietary advice. The duration of intervention and follow-up was 28+/-7 months. RESULTS: After 6 months, protein intake differed only by 0.08 g/kg/day between the study groups. Subsequently, this difference decreased and eventually disappeared. An initial effect of protein restriction on @entity4 in favor of the experimental group was not sustained, and the glomerular filtration rate decreased in the experimental group at a 1.6+/-2.2 ml/ @entity5 .73 m(2) y lower rate than in the control group (P=0.5). Comparison of @entity0 in the experimental group with a decrease in protein intake of at least 0.20 g/kg/day, with controls with no decrease, indicated a similarly small and insignificant effect on glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that, in the longer term prevention or delay of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 , protein restriction is neither feasible nor efficacious.

title: Protein restriction, glomerular filtration rate and @entity4 in @entity0 with XXXX : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Protein restriction delays the progression of non-diabetic and @entity3 1 @entity7 . This study assessed whether protein restriction delays the onset or early progression of @entity2 in @entity3 2 @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. Outcomes were @entity4 (mg/24 h) and, as an estimate of the glomerular filtration rate, @entity8 -influenced @entity6 clearance. SETTING: Primary care. SUBJECTS: @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 and microalbuminuria or at least detectable @entity4 , or a @entity1 duration >5 y. INTERVENTIONS: The experimental group received dietary counselling on protein restriction (n=63); a control group (n=68) received the usual dietary advice. The duration of intervention and follow-up was 28+/-7 months. RESULTS: After 6 months, protein intake differed only by 0.08 g/kg/day between the study groups. Subsequently, this difference decreased and eventually disappeared. An initial effect of protein restriction on @entity4 in favor of the experimental group was not sustained, and the glomerular filtration rate decreased in the experimental group at a 1.6+/-2.2 ml/ @entity5 .73 m(2) y lower rate than in the control group (P=0.5). Comparison of @entity0 in the experimental group with a decrease in protein intake of at least 0.20 g/kg/day, with controls with no decrease, indicated a similarly small and insignificant effect on glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that, in the longer term prevention or delay of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 , protein restriction is neither feasible nor efficacious.

title: Protein restriction, glomerular filtration rate and XXXX in @entity0 with @entity1 : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Protein restriction delays the progression of non-diabetic and @entity3 1 @entity7 . This study assessed whether protein restriction delays the onset or early progression of @entity2 in @entity3 2 @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. Outcomes were @entity4 (mg/24 h) and, as an estimate of the glomerular filtration rate, @entity8 -influenced @entity6 clearance. SETTING: Primary care. SUBJECTS: @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 and microalbuminuria or at least detectable @entity4 , or a @entity1 duration >5 y. INTERVENTIONS: The experimental group received dietary counselling on protein restriction (n=63); a control group (n=68) received the usual dietary advice. The duration of intervention and follow-up was 28+/-7 months. RESULTS: After 6 months, protein intake differed only by 0.08 g/kg/day between the study groups. Subsequently, this difference decreased and eventually disappeared. An initial effect of protein restriction on @entity4 in favor of the experimental group was not sustained, and the glomerular filtration rate decreased in the experimental group at a 1.6+/-2.2 ml/ @entity5 .73 m(2) y lower rate than in the control group (P=0.5). Comparison of @entity0 in the experimental group with a decrease in protein intake of at least 0.20 g/kg/day, with controls with no decrease, indicated a similarly small and insignificant effect on glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that, in the longer term prevention or delay of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 , protein restriction is neither feasible nor efficacious.

title: Protein restriction, glomerular filtration rate and @entity4 in XXXX with @entity1 : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Monolayers of retracted endothelial cells exhibiting wounds or zones denuded of cells were obtained from aortic explants from 10- to 12-day-old @entity0 embryos. Using time-lapse videomicroscopy, we investigated the sequence of events that occurred both during and after closure of the monolayer wounds. Such wound closure (re-endothelialization process) occurred 4-12 hr after removing the explants, depending on wound width and presence of serum. The cells from along the wound edges appeared to move toward one another. We suggest an important role for @entity2 and @entity4 during this process. Twenty-five hours after removal there were still some areas of retracted cells, and many of the cells displayed a @entity1 's Factor ( @entity5 ) immunoreactivity. Surprisingly, after 63-65 hr many of the endothelial cells had become epithelioid in shape and the @entity5 immunoreactivity appeared increased. This epithelioid phenotype is currently considered typical of cultured vascular non-muscle-like cells and intimal thickening cells. By 5-7 days, the vast majority of cells in the monolayer had acquired an epithelioid morphology, showing a cobblestone appearance. These cells were significantly smaller than polygonal cells. Most importantly, they showed strong @entity5 immunoreactivity. At the edge of the monolayers we found that the majority of the cells had become epithelioid. Some of them detached from their neighbors and became round in shape and acquired mesenchymal characteristics, some expressing smooth muscle @entity3 (SM @entity3 ). These findings demonstrate not only that embryonic endothelial cells that are transiently mechanically altered may change their phenotype to an epithelioid phenotype, but also that these cells may eventually transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells expressing SM @entity3 . Since some aspects of endothelial cell behavior have been shown to be regulated by locally released growth factors such as TGFbeta and FGF, we also investigated @entity4 and @entity2 expression. Presence of @entity4 and @entity2 -immunoreactive epithelioid and mesenchymal cells indicates that these growth factors may be involved in the changes described.

title: Mechanically altered embryonic XXXX endothelial cells change their phenotype to an epithelioid phenotype.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the intra- and postoperative @entity5 provided by the catheter-technique psoas compartment block and the @entity4 in hip- @entity2 @entity0 . We also compared hemodynamic stability, motor blockade, ease of performing the technique, and complications. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 who underwent partial hip replacement surgery were included in this prospective single-blind study. Subjects were randomly assigned to Group E (n=15; general anesthesia plus @entity4 with 15 ml of 0.5% @entity6 ) or Group P (n=15; general anesthesia plus psoas compartment block with 30 ml of 0.5% @entity6 ). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at 10-min intervals intraoperatively. Regional anesthesia procedure time, number of attempts at block, intraoperative @entity3 , and need for supplemental @entity7 and/or @entity8 were noted. Postoperatively, a @entity0 -controlled @entity5 device delivered an infusion and boluses of @entity6 / @entity7 . @entity1 , motor blockade, ambulation time, @entity0 satisfaction with @entity5 , and complications were recorded postsurgery. RESULTS: The epidural required significantly more attempts than the psoas block, thus procedure time was longer in this group. Group E also showed significantly greater drops in mean arterial blood pressure from baseline at 30, 40 and 50 min after the start of general anesthesia. Significantly more Group E @entity0 required epinephrine supplementation. The groups were similar regarding @entity1 scores (at rest and on movement) and @entity0 satisfaction, but Group E had higher motor blockade scores, longer ambulation time, and significantly more complications. CONCLUSION: The continuous psoas compartment block provides excellent intraoperative and postoperative @entity5 with a low incidence of complications for partial hip replacement surgery

title: Comparison of the catheter-technique psoas compartment block and the @entity4 for XXXX in partial hip replacement surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the intra- and postoperative @entity5 provided by the catheter-technique psoas compartment block and the @entity4 in hip- @entity2 @entity0 . We also compared hemodynamic stability, motor blockade, ease of performing the technique, and complications. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 who underwent partial hip replacement surgery were included in this prospective single-blind study. Subjects were randomly assigned to Group E (n=15; general anesthesia plus @entity4 with 15 ml of 0.5% @entity6 ) or Group P (n=15; general anesthesia plus psoas compartment block with 30 ml of 0.5% @entity6 ). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at 10-min intervals intraoperatively. Regional anesthesia procedure time, number of attempts at block, intraoperative @entity3 , and need for supplemental @entity7 and/or @entity8 were noted. Postoperatively, a @entity0 -controlled @entity5 device delivered an infusion and boluses of @entity6 / @entity7 . @entity1 , motor blockade, ambulation time, @entity0 satisfaction with @entity5 , and complications were recorded postsurgery. RESULTS: The epidural required significantly more attempts than the psoas block, thus procedure time was longer in this group. Group E also showed significantly greater drops in mean arterial blood pressure from baseline at 30, 40 and 50 min after the start of general anesthesia. Significantly more Group E @entity0 required epinephrine supplementation. The groups were similar regarding @entity1 scores (at rest and on movement) and @entity0 satisfaction, but Group E had higher motor blockade scores, longer ambulation time, and significantly more complications. CONCLUSION: The continuous psoas compartment block provides excellent intraoperative and postoperative @entity5 with a low incidence of complications for partial hip replacement surgery

title: Comparison of the catheter-technique psoas compartment block and the XXXX for @entity5 in partial hip replacement surgery.

answer: @entity4