abstract: BACKGROUND: Alternative therapies such as mega-dose vitamins and minerals are commonly used by @entity1 with @entity0 , but their effect on recurrence and survival have rarely been evaluated. METHODS: Survival and recurrence outcomes for 90 @entity1 with unilateral non-metastatic @entity0 diagnosed between 1989 and 1998, and who had been prescribed mega-doses of @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity5 in addition to standard therapies were compared with matched controls. The 90 treated @entity1 were prescribed combinations from three to six of the vitamins and minerals listed above. The controls were matched (2:1) to the vitamin/mineral @entity1 for age at diagnosis, presence of axillary lymph node @entity2 , @entity3 stage, grade, @entity4 receptor status, year of diagnosis, and prescription of systemic therapy. All subjects were @entity1 of the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Island Centre. FINDINGS: Median follow-up of surviving @entity1 was 68 months (minimum 20 months, 133 months maximum). The vitamin/mineral @entity1 and controls were well matched. Two endpoints were considered. @entity0 -specific survival (p = 0.19) and disease-free survival (p = 0.08) times for the vitamin/mineral treated group were shorter, after adjusting for diagnostic variables using a Cox proportional hazards model. The hazard ratios for the @entity9 /mineral treated group versus the control group were estimated at 1.75 (95% CI = 0.83-2.69) for disease-specific survival and 1.55 (95% CI = 0.94-2.54) for disease-free survival. Overall survival was similar for the two groups (log-rank test, p = 0.36). INTERPRETATION: @entity0 -specific survival and disease-free survival times were not improved for the vitamin/mineral treated group over those for the controls.

title: Mega-dose vitamins and minerals in the treatment of non-metastatic XXXX : an historical cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the subpubic arch angle, anal sphincter and perineal @entity1 , and anal @entity2 after childbirth in nulliparous @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. SAMPLE: One hundred thirty-four low risk nulliparous @entity0 . METHODS: Measurements of the bony pelvic outlet were made to calculate the subpubic arch angle. Endosonographic assessment of the perineum and anal sphincter was made before and after delivery. A specific bowel function questionnaire was completed before and after delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perineal and anal sphincter @entity1 , and deteriorating anal continence after delivery. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity0 with a subpubic arch angle of less than 90 degrees had significantly prolonged first and second stages of labour when compared with 102 @entity0 whose subpubic arch was wider. Following delivery, anal continence deteriorated in more @entity0 with a narrow subpubic angle (69% vs 21%, P < 0.001) but this was unrelated to the incidence of anal sphincter and perineal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A narrow subpubic arch is strongly associated with @entity3 and postpartum anal @entity2 in nulliparous @entity0 . However, perineal and anal sphincter @entity1 , assessed by ultrasound, does not account for the higher rate of postpartum analincontinence in @entity0 with a narrow subpubic arch angle.

title: Influence of the subpubic arch angle on anal sphincter @entity1 and anal XXXX following childbirth.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the subpubic arch angle, anal sphincter and perineal @entity1 , and anal @entity2 after childbirth in nulliparous @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. SAMPLE: One hundred thirty-four low risk nulliparous @entity0 . METHODS: Measurements of the bony pelvic outlet were made to calculate the subpubic arch angle. Endosonographic assessment of the perineum and anal sphincter was made before and after delivery. A specific bowel function questionnaire was completed before and after delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perineal and anal sphincter @entity1 , and deteriorating anal continence after delivery. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity0 with a subpubic arch angle of less than 90 degrees had significantly prolonged first and second stages of labour when compared with 102 @entity0 whose subpubic arch was wider. Following delivery, anal continence deteriorated in more @entity0 with a narrow subpubic angle (69% vs 21%, P < 0.001) but this was unrelated to the incidence of anal sphincter and perineal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A narrow subpubic arch is strongly associated with @entity3 and postpartum anal @entity2 in nulliparous @entity0 . However, perineal and anal sphincter @entity1 , assessed by ultrasound, does not account for the higher rate of postpartum analincontinence in @entity0 with a narrow subpubic arch angle.

title: Influence of the subpubic arch angle on anal sphincter XXXX and anal @entity2 following childbirth.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) injection during primary @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for @entity2 . METHODS: 100 cases of @entity0 admitted to our hospital and underwent primary unilateral @entity4 from January 2012 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study and they were divided randomly into two groups. For the @entity6 group, 1 g @entity6 was dissolved in 50 ml 0.9% @entity9 solution and injected after prosthesis implantation but before cavity close. Conventional drainage clamping was carried for 4 h and the drainage tube was removed 48 h postoperative. For the control group, similar measures were taken except for that no @entity6 was dissolved in 0.9% @entity9 solution. Postoperative hemoglobin, @entity7 index, total @entity3 volume, drainage volume, blood transfusion rate and lower extremity @entity8 ( @entity8 ) rate in both groups were observed and the efficacy and safety of this surgical treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in operation time, postoperative platelet and APPT, D-dimer, lower limb @entity1 incidence rate 1 week after operation between the two groups. Postoperative drainage volume, hemoglobin, total @entity3 and blood transfusion rate in the @entity6 group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Ecchymosis of lower extremity peripheral incision and its surroundings was significantly milder than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative intra-articular injection of @entity6 in @entity4 can significantly reduce the @entity2 and blood transfusion rate at the early stage after operation.

title: Efficacy and safety evaluation of intra-articular injection of @entity5 in XXXX operation with temporarily drainage close.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) injection during primary @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for @entity2 . METHODS: 100 cases of @entity0 admitted to our hospital and underwent primary unilateral @entity4 from January 2012 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study and they were divided randomly into two groups. For the @entity6 group, 1 g @entity6 was dissolved in 50 ml 0.9% @entity9 solution and injected after prosthesis implantation but before cavity close. Conventional drainage clamping was carried for 4 h and the drainage tube was removed 48 h postoperative. For the control group, similar measures were taken except for that no @entity6 was dissolved in 0.9% @entity9 solution. Postoperative hemoglobin, @entity7 index, total @entity3 volume, drainage volume, blood transfusion rate and lower extremity @entity8 ( @entity8 ) rate in both groups were observed and the efficacy and safety of this surgical treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in operation time, postoperative platelet and APPT, D-dimer, lower limb @entity1 incidence rate 1 week after operation between the two groups. Postoperative drainage volume, hemoglobin, total @entity3 and blood transfusion rate in the @entity6 group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Ecchymosis of lower extremity peripheral incision and its surroundings was significantly milder than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative intra-articular injection of @entity6 in @entity4 can significantly reduce the @entity2 and blood transfusion rate at the early stage after operation.

title: Efficacy and safety evaluation of intra-articular injection of XXXX in @entity4 operation with temporarily drainage close.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with domestic drug-eluting stents (DES) and off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease. METHODS: A total of 227 @entity0 with @entity3 and underwent revascularization was included. One hundred and six @entity0 were treated with PCI with domestic DES implantation and 121 @entity0 with off pump CABG. Clinical outcomes with respect to the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) including @entity2 any cause, non-fatal @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity1 , and target vessel revascularization (TVR) during hospitalization and at 12-month follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the domestic DES and off pump CABG groups in the risk of @entity2 , non-fatal @entity4 , @entity1 , and TVR during hospitalization and at 12-month follow-up. Overall in-hospital MACCE in PCI versus CABG was 0.94% versus 5.78% (P<0.05). The overall MACCE at 12-month follow up in PCI versus CABG was in 3.77% versus 3.31% (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Domestic DES is feasible and safety in the treatment of @entity3 . When compared with off-pump CABG, domestic DES achieved similar completeness of revascularization, similar in-hospital and 12-month follow-up outcomes. A longer follow-up is needed.

title: Clinical comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention with domestic drug-eluting stents versus off pump coronary artery bypass grafting in unprotected left main XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although the kidney is believed to play a minor role in @entity5 (BA) excretion, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been reported to be accompanied by alterations in the BA balance. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in BA serum concentrations and @entity1 in @entity0 with different stage of @entity3 or after kidney transplantation and to elucidate whether these might play a role in the development of @entity2 , a common symptom in this disease. This study was carried out on 125 @entity0 . None of them had a history or signs of hepatobiliary malfunction. They belonged either to a control group (N = 31) or to one of the three following @entity3 groups: @entity0 maintained only on a low-protein diet (diet group, N = 23); the same, together with periodic sessions of hemodialysis (dialysis group, N = 42); and @entity0 who had undergone a kidney transplant more than 1 and less than 2 years before (transplanted group, N = 29). Serum and urine BA concentrations were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. @entity2 was quantified by means of a questionnaire answered at the time of sample collection. A marked @entity7 together with a reduction in BA output into urine and profound alterations in the profiles of these compounds in both serum and urine in @entity0 with @entity3 were observed. The levels of total @entity6 in serum, but not the proportions of molecular species, were corrected by hemodialysis. By contrast, kidney transplant reversed BA serum patterns to normality but, due to immunosuppressive therapy with @entity4 , total serum BA concentrations were consistently elevated in this group. @entity2 was more frequent in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity7 , although no significant correlation between the degree of this symptom and the magnitude of the serum concentrations of total or individual @entity6 were found. By contrast, in spite of @entity7 , once renal function had been restored by kidney transplantation, none of the @entity0 suffered from @entity2 . These results suggest that the kidney plays an important role in determining the serum BA pool size and composition and that @entity7 may be a contributing factor, but not the only one, determining the development of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: XXXX -induced changes in serum and urine @entity5 profiles.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although the kidney is believed to play a minor role in @entity5 (BA) excretion, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been reported to be accompanied by alterations in the BA balance. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in BA serum concentrations and @entity1 in @entity0 with different stage of @entity3 or after kidney transplantation and to elucidate whether these might play a role in the development of @entity2 , a common symptom in this disease. This study was carried out on 125 @entity0 . None of them had a history or signs of hepatobiliary malfunction. They belonged either to a control group (N = 31) or to one of the three following @entity3 groups: @entity0 maintained only on a low-protein diet (diet group, N = 23); the same, together with periodic sessions of hemodialysis (dialysis group, N = 42); and @entity0 who had undergone a kidney transplant more than 1 and less than 2 years before (transplanted group, N = 29). Serum and urine BA concentrations were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. @entity2 was quantified by means of a questionnaire answered at the time of sample collection. A marked @entity7 together with a reduction in BA output into urine and profound alterations in the profiles of these compounds in both serum and urine in @entity0 with @entity3 were observed. The levels of total @entity6 in serum, but not the proportions of molecular species, were corrected by hemodialysis. By contrast, kidney transplant reversed BA serum patterns to normality but, due to immunosuppressive therapy with @entity4 , total serum BA concentrations were consistently elevated in this group. @entity2 was more frequent in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity7 , although no significant correlation between the degree of this symptom and the magnitude of the serum concentrations of total or individual @entity6 were found. By contrast, in spite of @entity7 , once renal function had been restored by kidney transplantation, none of the @entity0 suffered from @entity2 . These results suggest that the kidney plays an important role in determining the serum BA pool size and composition and that @entity7 may be a contributing factor, but not the only one, determining the development of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: @entity3 -induced changes in serum and urine XXXX profiles.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The mutagenic activity of @entity7 ( @entity6 ) was evaluated in the micronucleus test in @entity1 . A clear clastogenic effect was obtained at all concentrations studied (0.2-1.0 mmole/kg body weight). The maximum number of micronuclei occurred 24 h after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The time-course for the @entity6 -induced micronuclei was in agreement with the available data on the rapid excretion of @entity4 from the @entity0 body. The dose-effect response was best described by a linear equation with a logarithmic component. The emergence of the latter term was related to the toxic effects of @entity6 at higher concentrations on bone marrow erythropoietic function. A comparison of the effects induced by @entity6 and by @entity5 indicated that @entity6 cannot be considered a strong mutagenic compound. We have compared the sensitivity of the @entity1 micronucleus test and that of @entity2 dominant-lethal test by contrasting the effects obtained at similar exposure doses. This comparison leads to the conclusion that the micronucleus test is capable of responding to far lower @entity3 concentrations than the @entity2 dominant-lethal mutation test. Our results testify to the ability of @entity7 to cause genotoxic damages in vivo in both somatic and germinal cells of higher organisms. Thus, the chemical in question may be of potential genetic hazard to @entity0 .

title: Mutagenic effects of XXXX on @entity1 somatic cells in vivo.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The mutagenic activity of @entity7 ( @entity6 ) was evaluated in the micronucleus test in @entity1 . A clear clastogenic effect was obtained at all concentrations studied (0.2-1.0 mmole/kg body weight). The maximum number of micronuclei occurred 24 h after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The time-course for the @entity6 -induced micronuclei was in agreement with the available data on the rapid excretion of @entity4 from the @entity0 body. The dose-effect response was best described by a linear equation with a logarithmic component. The emergence of the latter term was related to the toxic effects of @entity6 at higher concentrations on bone marrow erythropoietic function. A comparison of the effects induced by @entity6 and by @entity5 indicated that @entity6 cannot be considered a strong mutagenic compound. We have compared the sensitivity of the @entity1 micronucleus test and that of @entity2 dominant-lethal test by contrasting the effects obtained at similar exposure doses. This comparison leads to the conclusion that the micronucleus test is capable of responding to far lower @entity3 concentrations than the @entity2 dominant-lethal mutation test. Our results testify to the ability of @entity7 to cause genotoxic damages in vivo in both somatic and germinal cells of higher organisms. Thus, the chemical in question may be of potential genetic hazard to @entity0 .

title: Mutagenic effects of @entity7 on XXXX somatic cells in vivo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many materials have been utilized to embolize @entity8 ( @entity6 ) preoperatively. Specific vascular anatomy with large feeding vessels deep to the nidus or @entity3 within feeding arteries favor the use of detachable balloons over other embolic agents. Detachable balloons allow test occlusion of a vascular pedicle before permanent occlusion and can obliterate @entity3 in feeding arteries. We describe 36 feeder @entity2 performed in 31 @entity0 . Twenty-nine @entity0 subsequently had surgical resection. None of the @entity0 developed normal perfusion pressure breakthrough or required blood transfusions. The @entity2 was judged by the neurosurgeon to decrease significantly the difficulty in surgical resection of the @entity5 . The remaining 2 @entity0 underwent embolization before radiosurgery. One @entity0 had @entity3 in the feeding artery, which was balloon-occluded to diminish the risk of @entity4 . There were two @entity1 and three asymptomatic @entity7 related to the balloon procedure. Balloon occlusion of feeding arterial pedicles in selected cerebral @entity6 may be a valuable surgical adjunct.

title: @entity2 of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Many materials have been utilized to embolize @entity8 ( @entity6 ) preoperatively. Specific vascular anatomy with large feeding vessels deep to the nidus or @entity3 within feeding arteries favor the use of detachable balloons over other embolic agents. Detachable balloons allow test occlusion of a vascular pedicle before permanent occlusion and can obliterate @entity3 in feeding arteries. We describe 36 feeder @entity2 performed in 31 @entity0 . Twenty-nine @entity0 subsequently had surgical resection. None of the @entity0 developed normal perfusion pressure breakthrough or required blood transfusions. The @entity2 was judged by the neurosurgeon to decrease significantly the difficulty in surgical resection of the @entity5 . The remaining 2 @entity0 underwent embolization before radiosurgery. One @entity0 had @entity3 in the feeding artery, which was balloon-occluded to diminish the risk of @entity4 . There were two @entity1 and three asymptomatic @entity7 related to the balloon procedure. Balloon occlusion of feeding arterial pedicles in selected cerebral @entity6 may be a valuable surgical adjunct.

title: XXXX of @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study combined the use of cephalometrics and overnight polysomnographic monitoring to analyze the effects of a modified functional appliance on airway, sleep, and respiratory variables in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Twelve @entity0 without overt anatomic or pathologic evidence of obstruction were selected on the basis of an initial single night of polysomnographic monitoring, which confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1 . The @entity0 subsequently were fitted with a modified functional appliance designed to securely hold the mandible in an anterior-inferior position. A subsequent overnight polysomnographic study was obtained with each @entity0 wearing the appliance. Lateral cephalometric radiographs with and without the appliance in place were also obtained. The mean vertical and horizontal changes in mandibular position while wearing the appliance were 8.49 mm and 2.28 mm, respectively. The findings indicate that 10 of the 12 @entity0 had decreases in the rate of complete airway obstructions from a mean of 28.86 to 18.69 events per hour, and in the total @entity2 index from a mean of 53.81 to 35.99 events per hour. A reduction in the rate of obstructive events is attributed to the effect of the appliance on the oropharyngeal structures. Six cephalometric measurements are presented to provide a means of assessing effects of the appliance on the oropharynx and associated structures. The modified functional appliance is a conservative, successful treatment alternative that could benefit @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: The effect of a modified functional appliance on XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between Peak expiratory (cough) airflow rate and swallowing symptom severity in @entity0 with @entity1 DESIGN: @entity0 were cued to cough into an analog peak flow meter then swallowed three, 20 mL thin liquid @entity3 boluses. Analyses were directed at detecting potential relationships among disease severity, swallowing symptom severity and PEFR. @entity0 : Sixty eight male and females with @entity2 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PEFR and swallow symptom severity RESULTS: PEFR varied significantly across swallowing severity classifications. @entity0 with more severe disease displayed a significant, linear decrease in PEFR compared to those @entity0 with earlier stage, less severe disease. Swallowing symptom severity varied significantly across groups when comparing @entity0 with less severe @entity2 to those with more severe @entity2 . @entity0 with early-stage @entity2 demonstrated little to no swallowing symptoms and had the highest measures of PEFR. In contrast, @entity0 with the most severe swallowing symptoms also displayed the lowest measures of PEFR. CONCLUSIONS: Relationships existed among @entity2 severity, swallowing symptom severity and PEFR in @entity0 with @entity2 . PEFR may eventually stand as a non-invasive predictor of aspiration risk in those with @entity2 , particularly later-stage disease. Inclusion of PEFRs into existing clinical swallowing assessments may increase the sensitivity and predictive validity of these assessments.

title: Measurement of Voluntary Cough Production and Airway Protection in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Tenecteplase is a novel fibrinolytic protein bioengineered from @entity0 tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase) for the therapy of acute ST-segment elevation @entity1 . Specific mutations at three sites in the alteplase molecule result in 15-fold higher fibrin specificity, 80-fold reduced binding affinity to the physiological plasminogen activator inhibitor @entity3 and 6-fold prolonged plasma half-life (22 vs 3.5 minutes). Consequently, tenecteplase can be administered as a single intravenous bolus of 30-50mg (0.53 mg/kg bodyweight) over 5-10 seconds, in contrast to the 90-minute accelerated infusion regimen of alteplase. Tenecteplase plasma concentration-time profiles have been obtained from a total of 179 @entity0 with @entity1 . Tenecteplase exhibited biphasic disposition; the initial disposition phase was predominant with a mean half-life of 17-24 minutes, and the mean terminal half-life was 65-132 min. Over the clinically relevant dose range of 30-50mg, mean clearance (CL) was 105 ml/min. The mean initial volume of distribution V(1) was 4.2-6.3L, approximating plasma volume, and volume of distribution at steady state was 6.1-9.9L, suggesting limited extravascular distribution or binding. Bodyweight and age were found to influence significantly both CL and V(1). Total bodyweight explained 19% of the variability in CL and 11% of the variability in V(1), and a 10kg increase in total bodyweight resulted in a 9.6 ml/min increase in CL. This relationship aided the development of a rationale for the weight-adjusted dose regimen for tenecteplase. Age explained only a further 11% of the variability in CL. The percentage of @entity0 who achieved normal coronary blood flow was clearly related to AUC. More than 75% of @entity0 achieved normal flow at 90 minutes after administration when their partial AUC(2-90) exceeded 320 microg.min/ml, corresponding to an average plasma concentration of 3.6 microg/ml. Systemic exposure to tenecteplase at all times after bolus administration of 30-50mg was higher than for alteplase 100mg. Tenecteplase has demonstrated equivalent efficacy and improved safety compared with the current gold standard alteplase in a large mortality trial (ASSENT-2). This suggests that the reduced clearance, greater fibrin specificity and higher @entity3 resistance of tenecteplase allow higher plasma concentrations and thus a more rapid restoration of coronary patency to be attained, while providing a reduction in major @entity2 events.

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tenecteplase in fibrinolytic therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 1982, the American @entity2 Society enrolled over 1.2 million American @entity0 and @entity0 in a prospective mortality study of @entity2 and other causes in relation to different risk factors. The 2-year mortality of 461,981 males aged 40-79 years with known smoking habit has been analyzed in relation to exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and to employment in selected occupations related to DE exposure. The relative risk (RR) for all causes of @entity5 for those exposed was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.13). For @entity1 , the RR was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.97-1.44). A dose-response effect was present. Railroad workers, heavy equipment operators, miners, and truck drivers had a higher mortality both for all causes and for @entity1 when compared with subjects with other occupations and no exposure to DE. Truck drivers exposed to DE were not at excess risk of @entity1 if compared with truck drivers unexposed to DE, but a trend of increasing risk with duration of exposure was suggested. DE exposure was also associated with increase in mortality for accidents, @entity3 , @entity10 , and @entity9 . An association based on small numbers was also present for @entity8 and @entity7 . No association with chronic @entity6 or with @entity4 was found.

title: Diesel exhaust exposure and mortality among males in the American XXXX Society prospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The contractile capacity of smooth muscle cells depends on the cytoskeletal framework of the cell. The aim of this study was to determine the functional importance of both the actin and the tubulin components of the cytoskeleton in contractile responses of the @entity0 isolated iris sphincter muscle. 2. In each preparation, two contractions to the muscarinic agonist @entity3 were obtained. The maximum responses of the first contractions were taken as 100%. The second contractions to @entity3 were elicited in the presence of either @entity1 (50 and 5 microm), an inhibitor of the actin cytoskeleton, or @entity2 (100 microm), an inhibitor of the tubulin cytoskeleton (30 min incubation). 3. @entity1 , at a concentration of 50 microm, significantly decreased the contractions induced by @entity3 , with the maximum response reduced to 21.8 +/- 6.6% (n = 12) of the initial maximum. The maximal contractions to @entity3 in the presence of @entity2 reached 96.2 +/- 7.9% (n = 9) of the initial contraction, which was not significantly different from control second responses to @entity3 with neither drug present, which reached 113.3 +/- 7.6% (n = 7). 4. The effect of @entity1 was dose-dependent, since at a lower concentration of 5 microm, the drug decreased the maximum contraction to @entity3 to 60.3 +/- 8.8% (n = 6). The effect of @entity1 was at least partially reversible, since after the use of the higher concentration of 50 microm, contractions to @entity3 increased to 62.3 +/- 15.5% (n = 4) of the maximal response, after 1 h repeated washing of the preparations. 5. @entity4 , at a concentration of 50 microm, completely abolished the contractions induced by @entity3 (n = 4). 6. These findings suggest that in @entity0 iris sphincter muscle, contractions to @entity3 are highly dependent, from a functional point of view, on actin polymerization, and not, to any important degree, on the polymerization of tubulin.

title: Functional importance of the actin cytoskeleton in contraction of XXXX iris sphincter muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a @entity1 caused by autoantibodies against factor VIII. AIM: The Hemostasis _ @entity3 Research Society (HTRS) Registry was used to monitor the safety of recombinant FVII (rFVIIa). This study aims to report data from the HTRS Registry regarding safety and efficacy of rFVIIa for haemostatic management of surgeries and other invasive procedures in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: For each rFVIIa-treated procedure, the initial dose, total dose, average infused dose, number of doses and treatment duration were calculated. Efficacy was assessed on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: Of 166 registered @entity0 with @entity2 , 37 @entity0 underwent 58 procedures [30 (51%) rFVIIa-treated]. The median (range) age of all @entity0 undergoing procedures was 70 (13-93) years; for rFVIIa-treated @entity0 , 74 (28-89) years. Approximately 67% (39/58) of all procedures were elective. Overall, the most common procedures were endoscopy (12) and central venous access device (10); rFVIIa was used preoperatively (11), postoperatively (13) and during six follow-up procedures during ongoing postoperative rFVIIa treatment. The median (range) initial dose was 90.0 (44-187)  g kg(-1) preoperatively and 106.0 (56-270)  g kg(-1) postoperatively. For rFVIIa-treated episodes with a reported outcome, 20 (91%) were rated excellent/good or no additional agents used and 2 (9%) were rated as poor/ineffective requiring a switch to another bypassing agent. No @entity4 events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate haemostasis was provided for 91% of rFVIIa-treated procedures at doses largely conforming to the package insert. No safety concerns were reported.

title: US experience with recombinant factor VIIa for surgery and other invasive procedures in acquired XXXX : analysis from the Hemostasis and @entity3 Research Society Registry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a @entity1 caused by autoantibodies against factor VIII. AIM: The Hemostasis _ @entity3 Research Society (HTRS) Registry was used to monitor the safety of recombinant FVII (rFVIIa). This study aims to report data from the HTRS Registry regarding safety and efficacy of rFVIIa for haemostatic management of surgeries and other invasive procedures in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: For each rFVIIa-treated procedure, the initial dose, total dose, average infused dose, number of doses and treatment duration were calculated. Efficacy was assessed on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: Of 166 registered @entity0 with @entity2 , 37 @entity0 underwent 58 procedures [30 (51%) rFVIIa-treated]. The median (range) age of all @entity0 undergoing procedures was 70 (13-93) years; for rFVIIa-treated @entity0 , 74 (28-89) years. Approximately 67% (39/58) of all procedures were elective. Overall, the most common procedures were endoscopy (12) and central venous access device (10); rFVIIa was used preoperatively (11), postoperatively (13) and during six follow-up procedures during ongoing postoperative rFVIIa treatment. The median (range) initial dose was 90.0 (44-187)  g kg(-1) preoperatively and 106.0 (56-270)  g kg(-1) postoperatively. For rFVIIa-treated episodes with a reported outcome, 20 (91%) were rated excellent/good or no additional agents used and 2 (9%) were rated as poor/ineffective requiring a switch to another bypassing agent. No @entity4 events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate haemostasis was provided for 91% of rFVIIa-treated procedures at doses largely conforming to the package insert. No safety concerns were reported.

title: US experience with recombinant factor VIIa for surgery and other invasive procedures in acquired @entity2 : analysis from the Hemostasis and XXXX Research Society Registry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 (T.E.D.) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the first few months following @entity4 . The purpose of this three year retrospective study is to delineate the previously poorly described role of @entity1 as both a common component of T.E.D. manifestation and, on occasion, the sole presenting sign of an otherwise occult T.E.D. process. We reviewed 148 consecutive admissions to the Southeastern Michigan Spinal Cord Injury System (1982-1985). Ten @entity0 with documented T.E.D. were found and extensively reviewed; 3 had inadequate documentation of clinical manifestations and 1 @entity0 was found from venography to have a non-acute @entity2 . Of the remaining 6 cases, all had @entity1 as a sign, and 4 of these @entity0 had @entity1 as the sole presenting sign. Full @entity1 work-ups were performed in each case and no other source for @entity1 could be found. Fever spikes occurred most commonly at night, with a maximum temperature of 100.2 degrees F (oral) to a high in one case of 103.0 degrees F (oral). All fevers resolved within the first week of adequate anticoagulation therapy. These findings indicate that @entity1 may be the earliest and, possibly, only clinical sign of an otherwise occult T.E.D. process.

title: Fever and thromboembolic disease in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: During development, neural activity has been proposed to promote neuronal growth. During the first postnatal week, the hippocampus is characterized by an oscillating @entity4 and a rapid neuronal growth. In the present study we tested in vivo, by injecting @entity1 toxin into the hippocampus of P1 @entity0 , whether this neural activity indeed promotes growth of pyramidal cells. We have previously shown that @entity1 toxin injection leads to a strong reduction in the frequency of spontaneous @entity2 and glutamatergic synaptic currents, and to a complete blockade of the early @entity4 during the first postnatal week. Morphology of @entity5 -filled @entity3 pyramidal cells was analyzed at the end of the first postnatal week (P6-10). In activity-reduced neurons, the total length of basal dendritic tree was three times less than control. The number, but not the length, of basal dendritic branches was affected. The growth impairment was restricted to the basal dendrites. The apical dendrite, the axons, or the soma grew normally during activity deprivation. Thus, the in vivo neural activity in the neonate hippocampus seems to promote neuronal growth by initiating novel branches.

title: In vivo blockade of neural activity alters dendritic development of neonatal XXXX pyramidal cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: From 1971 to 1985, 369 @entity3 presented to us with @entity2 . Of these @entity0 , 10% (37) were treated for development of delayed unions or nonunions. Twenty-seven of the @entity0 were male and 10 were female. Their mean age was 23.1 years (range, 17 to 39). About half of the @entity3 were involved in endurance sports. The diagnostic criteria for a delayed union or nonunion were clinical and radiological evidence. There was a diagnostic delay of about 3.5 months in the series. Plain radiographs, tomography, and isotope scans were used in the diagnosis. Special radiographic views were also used. In 15 cases (10 hallux sesamoid @entity1 , 1 midtibial shaft @entity1 , 1 metatarsal V base @entity1 , 1 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 , and 1 proximal tibial shaft @entity1 ) nonoperative treatment was used. Operative treatment was used 22 times (5 sesamoid @entity1 , 5 midtibial @entity1 , 5 metatarsal V base @entity1 , 3 tarsal navicular @entity1 , 3 olecranon @entity1 , and 1 proximal tibial shaft @entity1 ). Results were good or excellent in 32 cases (86.5%), moderate in 4 cases, and poor in 1 case.

title: Delayed unions and nonunions of XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: From 1971 to 1985, 369 @entity3 presented to us with @entity2 . Of these @entity0 , 10% (37) were treated for development of delayed unions or nonunions. Twenty-seven of the @entity0 were male and 10 were female. Their mean age was 23.1 years (range, 17 to 39). About half of the @entity3 were involved in endurance sports. The diagnostic criteria for a delayed union or nonunion were clinical and radiological evidence. There was a diagnostic delay of about 3.5 months in the series. Plain radiographs, tomography, and isotope scans were used in the diagnosis. Special radiographic views were also used. In 15 cases (10 hallux sesamoid @entity1 , 1 midtibial shaft @entity1 , 1 metatarsal V base @entity1 , 1 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 , and 1 proximal tibial shaft @entity1 ) nonoperative treatment was used. Operative treatment was used 22 times (5 sesamoid @entity1 , 5 midtibial @entity1 , 5 metatarsal V base @entity1 , 3 tarsal navicular @entity1 , 3 olecranon @entity1 , and 1 proximal tibial shaft @entity1 ). Results were good or excellent in 32 cases (86.5%), moderate in 4 cases, and poor in 1 case.

title: Delayed unions and nonunions of @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most common @entity1 associated with @entity6 and @entity5 is hypoglycaemia. The article reviews existing evidence to better guide hypoglycaemia management. Sulfonylureas and @entity5 have narrow therapeutic indices. Small doses can cause hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed and persistent. All @entity0 and adults with intentional @entity3 need to be referred for medical assessment and treatment. Unintentional supratherapeutic ingestions can be initially managed at home but if symptomatic or if there is persistent hypoglycaemia require medical referral. @entity0 often require intensive care and prolonged observation periods. Blood @entity2 concentrations should be assessed frequently. Asymptomatic @entity0 with unintentional @entity6 ingestions should be observed for 12  h, except if this would lead to discharge at night when they should be kept until the morning. Prophylactic intravenous @entity2 is not recommended. The goal of therapy is to restore and maintain euglycaemia for the duration of the drug's toxic effect. Enteral feeding is recommended in @entity0 who are alert and able to tolerate oral intake. Once @entity5 or @entity6 -induced hypoglycaemia has developed, it should be initially treated with an intravenous @entity2 bolus. Following this the mainstay of therapy for @entity5 -induced hypoglycaemia is intravenous @entity2 infusion to maintain the blood @entity2 concentration between 5.5 and 11  mmol  l(-1) . After @entity6 -induced hypoglycaemia is initially corrected with intravenous @entity2 , the main treatment is @entity4 which is administered to prevent @entity5 secretion and maintain euglycaemia. The observation period varies depending on drug, product formulation and dose. A general guideline is to observe for 12  h after discontinuation of intravenous @entity2 and, if applicable, @entity4 .

title: Treatment of @entity6 and @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most common @entity1 associated with @entity6 and @entity5 is hypoglycaemia. The article reviews existing evidence to better guide hypoglycaemia management. Sulfonylureas and @entity5 have narrow therapeutic indices. Small doses can cause hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed and persistent. All @entity0 and adults with intentional @entity3 need to be referred for medical assessment and treatment. Unintentional supratherapeutic ingestions can be initially managed at home but if symptomatic or if there is persistent hypoglycaemia require medical referral. @entity0 often require intensive care and prolonged observation periods. Blood @entity2 concentrations should be assessed frequently. Asymptomatic @entity0 with unintentional @entity6 ingestions should be observed for 12  h, except if this would lead to discharge at night when they should be kept until the morning. Prophylactic intravenous @entity2 is not recommended. The goal of therapy is to restore and maintain euglycaemia for the duration of the drug's toxic effect. Enteral feeding is recommended in @entity0 who are alert and able to tolerate oral intake. Once @entity5 or @entity6 -induced hypoglycaemia has developed, it should be initially treated with an intravenous @entity2 bolus. Following this the mainstay of therapy for @entity5 -induced hypoglycaemia is intravenous @entity2 infusion to maintain the blood @entity2 concentration between 5.5 and 11  mmol  l(-1) . After @entity6 -induced hypoglycaemia is initially corrected with intravenous @entity2 , the main treatment is @entity4 which is administered to prevent @entity5 secretion and maintain euglycaemia. The observation period varies depending on drug, product formulation and dose. A general guideline is to observe for 12  h after discontinuation of intravenous @entity2 and, if applicable, @entity4 .

title: Treatment of XXXX and @entity5 @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most common @entity1 associated with @entity6 and @entity5 is hypoglycaemia. The article reviews existing evidence to better guide hypoglycaemia management. Sulfonylureas and @entity5 have narrow therapeutic indices. Small doses can cause hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed and persistent. All @entity0 and adults with intentional @entity3 need to be referred for medical assessment and treatment. Unintentional supratherapeutic ingestions can be initially managed at home but if symptomatic or if there is persistent hypoglycaemia require medical referral. @entity0 often require intensive care and prolonged observation periods. Blood @entity2 concentrations should be assessed frequently. Asymptomatic @entity0 with unintentional @entity6 ingestions should be observed for 12  h, except if this would lead to discharge at night when they should be kept until the morning. Prophylactic intravenous @entity2 is not recommended. The goal of therapy is to restore and maintain euglycaemia for the duration of the drug's toxic effect. Enteral feeding is recommended in @entity0 who are alert and able to tolerate oral intake. Once @entity5 or @entity6 -induced hypoglycaemia has developed, it should be initially treated with an intravenous @entity2 bolus. Following this the mainstay of therapy for @entity5 -induced hypoglycaemia is intravenous @entity2 infusion to maintain the blood @entity2 concentration between 5.5 and 11  mmol  l(-1) . After @entity6 -induced hypoglycaemia is initially corrected with intravenous @entity2 , the main treatment is @entity4 which is administered to prevent @entity5 secretion and maintain euglycaemia. The observation period varies depending on drug, product formulation and dose. A general guideline is to observe for 12  h after discontinuation of intravenous @entity2 and, if applicable, @entity4 .

title: Treatment of @entity6 and XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Postoperative recovery from @entity1 was investigated by handgrip strength after general anaesthesia using short- and long-acting muscle relaxants. Handgrip strength was measured on four occasions, preoperatively, before and after premedication, and postoperatively, both as soon as the @entity0 could sustain a five-second headlift and one hour later. Twenty @entity0 received either @entity3 0.6 mg/kg or @entity4 0.1 mg/kg as part of a general anaesthetic technique with @entity2 reversal. Compared with their initial preoperative hand strengths, the two relaxant groups showed only an insignificant decrease in grip strength to 92% after premedication. Postoperatively when a five-second headlift was achieved, the @entity0 in both groups were weak. The group given @entity3 had a mean of 60% of their initial grip strength and those given @entity4 had a mean of 44%. This difference in strength was statistically significant from the initial level and from each other. However, there was no difference between the groups in the time interval from administering reversal to achieving a sustained headlift. One hour later in both groups grip strength was much better, within 80% of that seen after premedication in most @entity0 , and no significant difference in grip strength was seen between the groups. This study demonstrates that @entity0 who receive relaxant anaesthesia have substantial @entity1 in the recovery phase. When @entity2 reversal is used, @entity4 appears to have a similar return of voluntary muscle power to that seen with @entity3 . The marked difference in elimination kinetics of these two relaxants seems to be of little importance when @entity2 reversal is used.

title: Muscle strength following anaesthesia with XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Postoperative recovery from @entity1 was investigated by handgrip strength after general anaesthesia using short- and long-acting muscle relaxants. Handgrip strength was measured on four occasions, preoperatively, before and after premedication, and postoperatively, both as soon as the @entity0 could sustain a five-second headlift and one hour later. Twenty @entity0 received either @entity3 0.6 mg/kg or @entity4 0.1 mg/kg as part of a general anaesthetic technique with @entity2 reversal. Compared with their initial preoperative hand strengths, the two relaxant groups showed only an insignificant decrease in grip strength to 92% after premedication. Postoperatively when a five-second headlift was achieved, the @entity0 in both groups were weak. The group given @entity3 had a mean of 60% of their initial grip strength and those given @entity4 had a mean of 44%. This difference in strength was statistically significant from the initial level and from each other. However, there was no difference between the groups in the time interval from administering reversal to achieving a sustained headlift. One hour later in both groups grip strength was much better, within 80% of that seen after premedication in most @entity0 , and no significant difference in grip strength was seen between the groups. This study demonstrates that @entity0 who receive relaxant anaesthesia have substantial @entity1 in the recovery phase. When @entity2 reversal is used, @entity4 appears to have a similar return of voluntary muscle power to that seen with @entity3 . The marked difference in elimination kinetics of these two relaxants seems to be of little importance when @entity2 reversal is used.

title: Muscle strength following anaesthesia with @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity0 resulting from the exposure to sublethal chemical concentrations is an increasing concern in environmental risk assessment. The Fish Embryo @entity0 (FET) test with @entity3 provides a reliable prediction of acute @entity0 in adult fish, but it cannot yet be applied to predict the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity0 . Identification of sublethal FET endpoints that can assist in predicting the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity0 would be advantageous. The present study characterized the occurrence of delayed @entity0 in @entity3 larvae following early exposure to @entity4 , previously described to cause delayed effects in the common sole. The first aim was to investigate the occurrence and temporal profiles of delayed @entity0 during @entity3 larval development and compare them to those previously described for sole to evaluate the suitability of @entity3 as a model fish species for delayed @entity0 assessment. The second aim was to examine the correlation between the sublethal endpoints assessed during embryonal and early larval development and the delayed effects observed during later larval development. After exposure to @entity4 (3-3000ng/L) until 5 days post fertilization (dpf), larvae were reared in clean water until 14 or 28 dpf. Mortality and sublethal morphological and behavioural endpoints were recorded daily, and growth was assessed at 28 dpf. Early life exposure to @entity4 caused delayed mortality (300ng/L and 3000ng/L) as well as growth impairment and delayed development (100ng/L) during the clean water period. Effects on swim @entity2 and cartilaginous tissues within 5 dpf were the most promising for predicting delayed mortality and sublethal effects, such as @entity1 , delayed metamorphosis, reduced inflation of swim bladder and column malformations. The EC50 value for swim @entity2 at 5 dpf (169ng/L) was similar to the LC50 value at 8 dpf (188 and 202ng/L in two experiments). Interestingly, the patterns of delayed mortality and delayed effects on growth and development were similar between sole and @entity3 . This indicates the comparability of critical developmental stages across divergent fish species such as a cold water marine flatfish and a tropical freshwater cyprinid. Additionally, sublethal effects in early embryo-larval stages were found promising for predicting delayed lethal and sublethal effects of @entity4 . Therefore, the proposed method with @entity3 is expected to provide valuable information on delayed mortality and delayed sublethal effects of chemicals and environmental samples that may be extrapolated to other species.

title: Early life exposure to @entity4 results in delayed mortality and growth impairment in the XXXX larvae.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity0 resulting from the exposure to sublethal chemical concentrations is an increasing concern in environmental risk assessment. The Fish Embryo @entity0 (FET) test with @entity3 provides a reliable prediction of acute @entity0 in adult fish, but it cannot yet be applied to predict the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity0 . Identification of sublethal FET endpoints that can assist in predicting the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity0 would be advantageous. The present study characterized the occurrence of delayed @entity0 in @entity3 larvae following early exposure to @entity4 , previously described to cause delayed effects in the common sole. The first aim was to investigate the occurrence and temporal profiles of delayed @entity0 during @entity3 larval development and compare them to those previously described for sole to evaluate the suitability of @entity3 as a model fish species for delayed @entity0 assessment. The second aim was to examine the correlation between the sublethal endpoints assessed during embryonal and early larval development and the delayed effects observed during later larval development. After exposure to @entity4 (3-3000ng/L) until 5 days post fertilization (dpf), larvae were reared in clean water until 14 or 28 dpf. Mortality and sublethal morphological and behavioural endpoints were recorded daily, and growth was assessed at 28 dpf. Early life exposure to @entity4 caused delayed mortality (300ng/L and 3000ng/L) as well as growth impairment and delayed development (100ng/L) during the clean water period. Effects on swim @entity2 and cartilaginous tissues within 5 dpf were the most promising for predicting delayed mortality and sublethal effects, such as @entity1 , delayed metamorphosis, reduced inflation of swim bladder and column malformations. The EC50 value for swim @entity2 at 5 dpf (169ng/L) was similar to the LC50 value at 8 dpf (188 and 202ng/L in two experiments). Interestingly, the patterns of delayed mortality and delayed effects on growth and development were similar between sole and @entity3 . This indicates the comparability of critical developmental stages across divergent fish species such as a cold water marine flatfish and a tropical freshwater cyprinid. Additionally, sublethal effects in early embryo-larval stages were found promising for predicting delayed lethal and sublethal effects of @entity4 . Therefore, the proposed method with @entity3 is expected to provide valuable information on delayed mortality and delayed sublethal effects of chemicals and environmental samples that may be extrapolated to other species.

title: Early life exposure to XXXX results in delayed mortality and growth impairment in the @entity3 larvae.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inhalation of @entity3 nanoparticles (CBNPs) causes @entity1 ; however, time course data to evaluate the detailed evolution of lung inflammatory responses are lacking. Here we establish a time-series of lung inflammatory response to CBNPs. Female C57BL/6 @entity0 were intratracheally instilled with 162 g CBNPs alongside vehicle controls. Lung tissues were examined 3h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, and 42days (d) post-exposure. Global gene expression and @entity1 were assessed. DNA damage was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and lung tissue using the comet assay. Increased neutrophil influx was observed at all time-points. DNA strand breaks were increased in BAL cells 3h post-exposure, and in lung tissues 2-5d post-exposure. Approximately 2600 genes were differentially expressed (  1.5 fold; p <=0.05) across all time-points in the lungs of exposed @entity0 . Altered transcript levels were associated with immune-inflammatory response and acute phase response pathways, consistent with the BAL profiles and expression changes found in common @entity2 . Genes involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and muscle contraction were also differentially expressed. Gene expression changes associated with inflammatory response followed a biphasic pattern, with initial changes at 3h post-exposure declining to base-levels by 3d, increasing again at 14d, and then persisting to 42d post-exposure. Thus, this single CBNP exposure that was equivalent to nine 8-h working days at the current Danish occupational exposure limit induced biphasic inflammatory response in gene expression that lasted until 42d post-exposure, raising concern over the chronic effects of CBNP exposure.

title: XXXX nanoparticles induce biphasic gene expression changes associated with inflammatory responses in the lungs of C57BL/6 @entity0 following a single intratracheal instillation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inhalation of @entity3 nanoparticles (CBNPs) causes @entity1 ; however, time course data to evaluate the detailed evolution of lung inflammatory responses are lacking. Here we establish a time-series of lung inflammatory response to CBNPs. Female C57BL/6 @entity0 were intratracheally instilled with 162 g CBNPs alongside vehicle controls. Lung tissues were examined 3h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, and 42days (d) post-exposure. Global gene expression and @entity1 were assessed. DNA damage was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and lung tissue using the comet assay. Increased neutrophil influx was observed at all time-points. DNA strand breaks were increased in BAL cells 3h post-exposure, and in lung tissues 2-5d post-exposure. Approximately 2600 genes were differentially expressed (  1.5 fold; p <=0.05) across all time-points in the lungs of exposed @entity0 . Altered transcript levels were associated with immune-inflammatory response and acute phase response pathways, consistent with the BAL profiles and expression changes found in common @entity2 . Genes involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and muscle contraction were also differentially expressed. Gene expression changes associated with inflammatory response followed a biphasic pattern, with initial changes at 3h post-exposure declining to base-levels by 3d, increasing again at 14d, and then persisting to 42d post-exposure. Thus, this single CBNP exposure that was equivalent to nine 8-h working days at the current Danish occupational exposure limit induced biphasic inflammatory response in gene expression that lasted until 42d post-exposure, raising concern over the chronic effects of CBNP exposure.

title: @entity3 nanoparticles induce biphasic gene expression changes associated with inflammatory responses in the lungs of C57BL/6 XXXX following a single intratracheal instillation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thirty-one @entity0 with a @entity5 (SVA) were operated on between January, 1961, and December, 1987. Twenty-five @entity0 (81%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV. Coexistent @entity2 included a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in 16 @entity0 (52%) and @entity3 in 12 @entity0 (39%). The @entity5 originated from the right coronary sinus in 29 @entity0 (94%) and the noncoronary sinus in 2 @entity0 (6%), and drained into the right ventricle in 30 @entity0 (97%). In 6 @entity0 treated recently, we used patches to repair the @entity5 and @entity6 through a double approach, thereby avoiding a ventriculotomy. This method resulted in no recurrent @entity4 or residual @entity6 postoperatively. There was one operative @entity1 (3%) and 4 late deaths (13%). Of the 26 surviving @entity0 , 22 (85%) were in NYHA Class I at follow-up ranging from 6 months to 26.7 years (mean, 11.1 years). Actuarial survival at 25 years is 85.6 +/- 7.4% (mean +/- standard deviation). Repair of @entity5 with a patch through a double approach provides an excellent operative procedure and offers a long-term outcome.

title: Surgical repair and long-term results in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We analyze the experience derived from the use of vasodilating therapy in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at our institution in the last ten years. Important aspects such as complications, long-term hemodynamic effects and survival are particularly emphasized. We have consecutively studied forty @entity0 (29 females, 11 males) with a mean age of 21 +/- 1.6 years. The follow-up period is 50 +/- 8 months and the drugs used were: @entity3 (HDL) and @entity2 ( @entity4 ). On the basis of their hemodynamic response the @entity0 were divided into two groups: twenty responders (R) and twenty non-responders (NR). Both groups seem to have a different clinical and hemodynamic basal profile; most of the @entity0 in the R group had a better functional class (NYHA: I-II) than those NR (III-IV). Also, the R group had a lower basal Pp (49 vs 77 mmHg, p less than 0.05), lower Rp (17 vs 29 U/m2, p less than 0.05) and lower Rp/Rs ratio (0.59 vs 1.05, p less than 0.05). The R group has continued on long-term vasodilator therapy with NFD (n-13) and HDL (n-7) and most of them showed a significant improvement in their quality of life and still maintain a good hemodynamic response. Only minor side effects were associated with the medication. The NR group, on the other hand, has shown progressive clinical deterioration. Eight @entity0 in the NR group and three in the R group have died. The five-year probability of survival in the R group is 86% whereas it is only 45% in the NR group. We conclude that vasodilator therapy significantly improves quality of life, with minimum untoward effects, in selected @entity0 with @entity1 . The R group probably reflects a different @entity0 population or a different stage of the disease and therefore its better long-term prognosis cannot be attributable solely to the use of these drugs.

title: [10 years' experience in the use of vasodilator agents in the treatment of primary XXXX (P-PAH) (1977-1987)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized trial comparing mitral-valve repair with mitral-valve replacement in @entity0 with severe @entity2 , we found no significant difference in the left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), survival, or adverse events at 1 year after surgery. However, @entity0 in the repair group had significantly more recurrences of moderate or severe @entity2 . We now report the 2-year outcomes of this trial. METHODS: We randomly assigned 251 @entity0 to mitral-valve repair or replacement. @entity0 were followed for 2 years, and clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Among surviving @entity0 , the mean (  SD) 2-year LVESVI was 52.6  27.7 ml per square meter of body-surface area with mitral-valve repair and 60.6  39.0 ml per square meter with mitral-valve replacement (mean changes from baseline, -9.0 ml per square meter and -6.5 ml per square meter, respectively). Two-year mortality was 19.0% in the repair group and 23.2% in the replacement group (hazard ratio in the repair group, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 1.35; P=0.39). The rank-based assessment of LVESVI at 2 years (incorporating @entity1 ) showed no significant between-group difference (z score=-1.32, P=0.19). The rate of recurrence of moderate or severe @entity2 over 2 years was higher in the repair group than in the replacement group (58.8% vs. 3.8%, P<0.001). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of serious adverse events and overall readmissions, but @entity0 in the repair group had more serious adverse events related to @entity3 (P=0.05) and cardiovascular readmissions (P=0.01). On the Minnesota Living with @entity3 questionnaire, there was a trend toward greater improvement in the replacement group (P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 undergoing mitral-valve repair or replacement for severe @entity2 , we observed no significant between-group difference in left ventricular reverse remodeling or survival at 2 years. @entity2 recurred more frequently in the repair group, resulting in more @entity3 -related adverse events and cardiovascular admissions. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and Canadian Institutes of Health Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00807040.).

title: Two-Year Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity2 and involuntary synergistic activation on force perception during voluntary activation of spastic paretic muscles. METHODS: Eleven @entity0 subjects with @entity3 performed various isometric elbow-flexion force-matching tasks. Subjects were instructed to generate a target reference force with visual feedback using one arm ( @entity1 ) and then to produce a force with the other arm to match the magnitude of the reference force without visual feedback. The reference arm was at rest in unilateral exertion trials and maintained contraction in bilateral exertion trials during the matching force-production period. RESULTS: Both force and effort mismatches occurred in most conditions, and there were asymmetries in force perception. When the non-impaired arm was the matching arm, effort and force overestimation occurred, but effort was matched better than force. When the impaired arm was the matching arm, force underestimation and effort overestimation occurred, but force was matched better than effort. No difference in matching performance was found between unilateral and bilateral exertion-matching tasks. CONCLUSION: Overall, both force and effort misperceptions occur in @entity0 survivors with @entity2 . @entity2 and spastic synergistic activation probably contribute to force and effort misperception during voluntary activation in @entity0 .

title: Altered force perception in XXXX survivors with spastic hemiplegia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the thicknesses of the inner layers of the macula in both eyes of @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and compare them with normal control eyes. METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional pilot study enrolled @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 , who had @entity1 in only 1 eye, and controls with a normal eye examination. Horizontal and vertical B-scan images centered on the fovea were obtained using spectral domain optical coherence. Semiautomatic delineation and segmentation of the inner layers of the retina were performed to evaluate macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), @entity4 (GC-IPL) thicknesses. Mean, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal inner macular layer thicknesses were compared between affected eyes, @entity3 without @entity1 , and control eyes. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 and 14 normal control eyes were enrolled. In the affected @entity2 eyes, thinning of the mRNFL, GCC, and GC-IPL layers on horizontal and vertical scans were significant when compared with controls (P<0.05), particularly on vertical scans (P<0.001). The mean regional macular GCC and GC-IPL were most severely thinned in the inferior and temporal perifoveal regions. The unaffected eye of @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 showed significant thinning of the mRNFL only in the vertical scan when compared with normal controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography detected significant thinning of the mRNFL, GCC, and GC-IPL in the affected eyes of @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 . @entity3 showed early structural changes only in the vertical mRNFL scans when compared with normal controls.

title: Segmental Analysis of Macular Layers in XXXX With Unilateral Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of socioeconomic factors on the association between parity and long-term maternal mortality. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study of mothers with births registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during the period 1967-2009. We estimated age-specific (40-69 years) cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality ratios by number of births using Cox proportional hazard models. To assess effect modification by mothers' attained education, we stratified on low (less than 11 years) and high (11 years or greater) educational level. We further evaluated fathers' mortality by number of births using the same analytical approach. RESULTS: Mothers with low education had higher mortality (cardiovascular: hazard ratio 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34-2.93, noncardiovascular: hazard ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.62-1.73). Among mothers with low education, @entity1 increased linearly with each additional birth above one (P trend=.02). In contrast, among mothers with high education, @entity1 declined with added births (P trend=.045). For noncardiovascular mortality there was no association among mothers with low education, whereas mortality declined with increasing number of births among mothers with high education (P trend<.01). Father's mortality showed similar associations with number of births when stratified on maternal education. CONCLUSION: @entity0 's long-term mortality rose with number of births only for cardiovascular causes of @entity2 and only among mothers with low education. Partners of @entity0 with low education had similar increasing risk with increasing number of births. Maternal educational level is a strong modifier of the association between parity and long-term mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Association of XXXX 's Reproductive History With Long-term Mortality and Effect of Socioeconomic Factors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 @entity4 (NiV) infection in Bangladesh is a fatal disease that can be transmitted from bats to @entity0 who drink contaminated raw @entity3 sap collected overnight during the cold season. Our study aimed to understand @entity3 sap consumption habits of rural residents and factors associated with consumption. In November-December 2012 the field team interviewed adult respondents from randomly selected villages from Rajbari and Kushtia Districts in Bangladesh. We calculated the proportion of @entity0 who consumed raw sap and had heard about a disease from raw sap consumption. We assessed the factors associated with raw sap consumption by calculating prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted for village level clustering effects. Among the 1,777 respondents interviewed, half (50%) reported drinking raw sap during the previous sap collection season and 37% consumed raw sap at least once per month. Few respondents (5%) heard about NiV. Thirty-seven percent of respondents reported hearing about a disease transmitted through raw sap consumption, inclusive of a 10% who related it with milder illness like @entity1 , @entity2 or indigestion rather than NiV. Respondents who harvested @entity3 trees in their household were more likely to drink sap than those who did not own @entity3 trees (79% vs. 65% PR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3, p<0.001). When sap was available, respondents who heard about a disease from raw sap consumption were just as likely to drink it as those who did not hear about a disease (69% vs. 67%, PR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9-1.1, p = 0.512). Respondents' knowledge of NiV was low. They might not have properly understood the risk of NiV, and were likely to drink sap when it was available. Implementing strategies to increase awareness about the risks of NiV and protect sap from bats might reduce the risk of NiV transmission.

title: Raw Sap Consumption Habits and Its Association with Knowledge of XXXX in Two Endemic Districts in Bangladesh.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is currently considered the best screening tool in the diagnosis of @entity3 . However, this procedure often causes @entity2 and discomfort in @entity0 , thus reducing @entity0 willingness to undergo and comply with this procedure. PURPOSE: This study explores the effects of providing procedure-related information to @entity0 receiving colonoscopy in terms of @entity1 and @entity2 reduction and identifies factors that influence the @entity2 and @entity1 experienced by @entity0 during this procedure. METHODS: This study adopted a quasi-experimental design that targeted colonoscopy @entity0 in outpatient clinics. Two hundred thirteen @entity0 were recruited, with 103 @entity0 in the experimental group and 110 in the control group. @entity0 were recruited between January and April 2011. All of the @entity0 received standard care, and only those @entity0 who were assigned to the experimental group were asked to watch "A Guide to the Colonoscopy Procedure," a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM. RESULTS: @entity1 scores of the experimental group dropped from 48.7    11.6 to 39.2    8.7 after the intervention. The average @entity2 score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.8    2.5 vs. 5.0    2.7). Furthermore, trait @entity1 , gender, and educational level were identified as the main predictors for @entity1 , and @entity1 was identified as an important predictor for @entity2 during the colonoscopy examination. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study found that using a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM to provide information on the colonoscopy procedure effectively reduced the examination-related @entity1 and @entity2 of @entity0 .

title: A Study on the Effects of a Health Education Intervention on XXXX and @entity2 During Colonoscopy Procedures.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is currently considered the best screening tool in the diagnosis of @entity3 . However, this procedure often causes @entity2 and discomfort in @entity0 , thus reducing @entity0 willingness to undergo and comply with this procedure. PURPOSE: This study explores the effects of providing procedure-related information to @entity0 receiving colonoscopy in terms of @entity1 and @entity2 reduction and identifies factors that influence the @entity2 and @entity1 experienced by @entity0 during this procedure. METHODS: This study adopted a quasi-experimental design that targeted colonoscopy @entity0 in outpatient clinics. Two hundred thirteen @entity0 were recruited, with 103 @entity0 in the experimental group and 110 in the control group. @entity0 were recruited between January and April 2011. All of the @entity0 received standard care, and only those @entity0 who were assigned to the experimental group were asked to watch "A Guide to the Colonoscopy Procedure," a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM. RESULTS: @entity1 scores of the experimental group dropped from 48.7    11.6 to 39.2    8.7 after the intervention. The average @entity2 score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.8    2.5 vs. 5.0    2.7). Furthermore, trait @entity1 , gender, and educational level were identified as the main predictors for @entity1 , and @entity1 was identified as an important predictor for @entity2 during the colonoscopy examination. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study found that using a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM to provide information on the colonoscopy procedure effectively reduced the examination-related @entity1 and @entity2 of @entity0 .

title: A Study on the Effects of a Health Education Intervention on @entity1 and XXXX During Colonoscopy Procedures.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 Sertoli cells were grown in a serum-free environment, and the Sertoli cell conditioned medium (hSCCM) was tested for mitogenic activity. The presence of a potent growth factor(s), termed @entity3 ( @entity3 ), in hSCCM was confirmed and supports previous observations based on experiments using @entity2 SCCM. Mitogenicity of hSCSGF was demonstrated in cell proliferation assays with the A431 ( @entity0 @entity4 ) cell line and in [methyl-3H]-thymidine incorporation (DNA synthesis) assays with the @entity1 ( @entity1 embryo fibroblast) cell line. In a dose-dependent manner, hSCSGF stimulated A431 cell growth up to 4-fold over control values (P less than 0.0001) and stimulated @entity5 incorporation up to 4.5-fold over control values (P less than 0.0002). Importantly, @entity3 stimulated A431 proliferation 2-fold over control values (P less than 0.0002) in the presence of 5% serum. With the exception of @entity2 @entity3 , @entity0 @entity3 is the only growth factor known to stimulate A431 cells. @entity3 also demonstrated epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like activity based upon displacement of EGF from its receptor in a radioreceptor assay. However, @entity3 is not EGF since it is a potent stimulator of A431 cells, whereas EGF is inhibitory. The growth factor was stable to heat, freeze-thaw, acid (pH 3), and trypsin treatment. Furthermore, it did not bind heparin agarose and is thus distinct from the endothelial cell growth factor family. High-pressure liquid chromatography on size exclusion (TSK G2000 SW) columns revealed an approximate size of 8000 daltons. @entity0 @entity3 is a unique growth factor and may play a key role in the regulation of normal spermatogenesis.

title: Partial characterization of a unique growth factor secreted by XXXX Sertoli cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that, upon topical application, damages skin and reaches internal organs through diffusion in blood. Two major toxic consequences of SM exposure are @entity0 , associated with oxidative stress, and the formation of alkylated DNA bases. In the present study, we investigated the impact of exposure to SM on DNA repair, using two different functional DNA repair assays which provide information on several Base Excision Repair (BER) and Excision/Synthesis Repair (ESR) activities. BER activities were reduced in all organs as early as 4h after exposure, with the exception of the defense systems against @entity4 and @entity3 which were stimulated. Interestingly, the resulting BER intermediates could activate @entity0 signals, aggravating the @entity0 triggered by SM exposure and leading to increased oxidative stress. ESR activities were found to be mostly inhibited in skin, brain and kidneys. In contrast, in the lung there was a general increase in ESR activities. In summary, exposure to SM leads to a significant decrease in DNA repair in most organs, concomitant with the formation of DNA damage. These synergistic genotoxic effects are likely to participate in the high @entity1 of this alkylating agent. Lungs, possibly better equipped with repair enzymes to handle exogenous exposure, are the exception.

title: Impact of topical application of XXXX mustard on mice skin and distant organs DNA repair enzyme signature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Workers are exposed to potential irritants and allergens with constant introduction of new industrial chemicals in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: Characterize the final diagnoses, demographics, occupations, exposures, clinical presentations, patch test results, dermatologic histories, and risk factors of workers evaluated for suspected work-related @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 310 workers' compensation independent medical examinations evaluated for suspected work-related @entity3 was performed. Workers were seen in a community dermatology clinic in Portland, Oregon, from 2005 to 2014. Evaluation included history, physical examination, patch testing, and further diagnostic workup when indicated. RESULTS: @entity2 was the most common presentation (n = 148, 47.7%). Prevalent occupations included health care workers (n = 51, 16.5%), custodial staff (n = 41, 13.2%), and machinists (n = 36, 11.6%). @entity3 (47.5%) was more common than @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (38.9%) in those diagnosed as having occupational @entity0 (n = 185). The highest-frequency work-related allergens were thiuram mix (21 of 88, 23.9%), carba mix (20 of 88, 22.7%), @entity5 (9 of 88, 10.2%), and @entity1 resin (9 of 88, 10.2%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 and @entity4 are common occupational @entity0 . In this population of workers' compensation referrals, @entity3 was more common, with 73.3% of those cases work related, compared with 86.7% of @entity4 . Blue collar work and wet work were risk factors for the development of @entity3 and @entity4 .

title: Occupational Contact XXXX : Workers' Compensation Patch Test Results of Portland, Oregon, 2005-2014.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-three @entity0 with @entity4 with severe @entity1 of @entity2 , knees, and ankles were treated by a variety of surgical procedures followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation program. The surgery included 35 total hip replacements, six knee arthroplasties, and seven femoral osteotomies. @entity3 (eight procedures) was done on 6 @entity0 . Shortening of the femur was performed in @entity0 with long-standing flexion contractures when straightening of the limb during the operation caused traction on the vessels and the nerves. When there was both hip and knee involvement, hip arthroplasty was performed first. Preoperative planning aimed at obtaining plantigrade position of the feet and lower limb-length equality. Availability of custom-made and miniaturized components was essential. Positioning of @entity0 on the operating table necessitated special supports. Six @entity0 were completely bedridden before surgery and 17 were severely disabled or deformed. All the @entity0 but 2 improved markedly, became mobile, independent, and self-supporting. Revision arthroplasty was performed in 4 @entity0 ; 3 others deteriorated functionally, but refused further treatment. Heterotopic bone formation was observed after operation in 6 @entity0 . Surgery for severe @entity4 requires highly specialized and well-equipped centers.

title: Joint surgery in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity9 was first reported in 1960 by Holterm  ller _ Wiedemann as @entity8 . The case in the present report was that of a male @entity0 26 days old at the time of @entity1 . Besides a trilobed skull and abnormalities of the extremities, he had @entity6 , @entity2 of both external auditory canals, a beak-like nose, @entity5 , retentio @entity3 and @entity7 at the coccygeal region. A chromosome study revealed a normal male karyotype. The right temporal bone showed some anomalies through the external and middle ears. The bony portion of the external auditory canal was narrowed. The @entity4 was filled by mesenchymal tissue devoid of cell components. The incus was almost attached to the lateral tympanic wall. In addition, the stapes was thickened and bent anteriorly. The sensory and neutral elements of the inner ear were normal.

title: Temporal bone findings in XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: To assess the left ventricular function of @entity0 who suffer from post- @entity4 @entity2 and @entity3 in the coronary care unit, 79 consecutive survivors (mean age 48 years) of a first @entity1 were prospectively studied and followed-up for a mean 18- (10-34) month period. Forty-seven had an uncomplicated @entity4 , 17 suffered from post- @entity4 @entity2 and 15 had @entity3 . The left ventricular function of these @entity0 prior to discharge from hospital was assessed by cross-sectional echocardiography and radionuclide angiography. Analysis of left ventricular wall motion was performed in all @entity0 using a 11-segment model of the left ventricular. The ejection fraction was determined by echocardiography in 47 @entity0 and by radionuclide angiography in 50. The mean echocardiographic wall motion score of post- @entity4 @entity2 @entity0 (4.8 +/- 0.8) (+/- SEM) was lower than that of @entity0 with @entity3 (9.5 +/- 0.5) (P less than 0.001), but was not different from @entity0 suffering uncomplicated @entity4 (4.6 +/- 0.3). The mean echocardiographic ejection fraction was also similar in post- @entity4 @entity2 (45.3 +/- 4.0; n = 16) and @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity4 (51.9 +/- 2.7; n = 17), but was lowest in the group of @entity0 with @entity3 (35.1 +/- 3.3; n = 14). Similarly, the radionuclide ejection fraction of @entity0 with post- @entity4 @entity2 (41.4 +/- 3.4; n = 17) and @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity4 (45.6 +/- 2.7; n = 19) did not differ, but was lower in @entity0 with @entity3 (25.9 +/- 2.8; n = 14). The echocardiographic ejection fraction correlated with that obtained by radionuclide angiography in all 46 @entity0 (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001). The wall motion score correlated with the radionuclide ejection fraction in all 50 @entity0 (r = -0.73, P less than 0.001) and with the echocardiographic ejection fraction in 47 @entity0 (r = -0.55, P less than 0.001). During follow-up, 3 (18%) @entity0 suffering post- @entity4 @entity2 and 2 (13%) with @entity3 died. New @entity4 was seen in 2 (12%) and 1 (7%) @entity0 in these groups, respectively. We conclude that the left ventricular function of @entity0 who suffer from post- @entity4 @entity2 in the coronary care unit is good, but is impaired in those with even transient @entity3 . Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function prior to hospital discharge was highly successful and may be performed in all such @entity0 .

title: Left ventricular function of survivors of a first complicated XXXX . A prehospital discharge cross-sectional echocardiographic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Short waiting periods for all @entity0 referred to a @entity1 clinic is desirable but ordinarily not possible. In a questionnaire, 25% of the Swedish @entity1 clinics reported a waiting list exceeding 6 months. The long waiting-time shows that some kind of priority setting is necessary. The aim of the present investigation was to study the feasibility of a rational priority setting based on a ranking procedure. Secretary and nurse priority ranked @entity0 according to a system utilizing the physician's referral and a questionnaire completed by the @entity0 . These priority ratings were compared to the final ranking by the doctor which was done after an interview without access to the questionnaire. The results of the present investigation show that the secretary as well as two nurses generally 'overestimated' the @entity0 ' @entity1 problems compared with the priority made by the doctor. However, 12 out of 142 @entity0 ' problems were 'underestimated' but this was deemed to increase risk in only one case. The possible risks with a delegated ranking procedure have, however, to be judged against the disadvantages of no priority setting at all and the advantages of a rational use of staff members. This experiment has indicated the feasibility of a delegated ranking procedure.

title: Priority setting with regard to placement on waiting list to a XXXX clinic. The feasibility of a delegated ranking procedure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine if cytoplasmic effects have contributed to long-term selection response for increased growth rate in @entity0 , reciprocal cross matings were made between an unselected control line (ICR) and a line (M16) derived from ICR by long-term selection for high postweaning @entity1 from 3 to 6 wk of age. Embryos were recovered 2 to 4 d following mating and transferred to pseudopregnant F1 ( @entity2 /2NCrlBR X C57BL/6NCrlBR) females. Thus, all embryos developed in similar uterine and postnatal maternal environments. A total of 122 @entity3 ICR and 123 ICR X M16 @entity0 was produced, representing 19 litters from each cross. Litters were standardized at birth to five to seven pups. Litter weights at birth and 1 wk were recorded. Body weights at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 wk and @entity1 from 3 to 6 wk were obtained. Weights of liver, kidneys, and sc and epididymal fat pads of males were obtained at 6 wk. Females were mated at 8 wk, and litter size at birth was recorded. Least-squares procedures were used to test for differences between reciprocal crosses for all traits. Body weight at 4 wk was higher (P less than .05) for @entity0 with ICR cytoplasm. No other significant differences were detected. There was no evidence that cytoplasmic effects influenced direct or correlated responses to long-term selection for increased postweaning @entity1 .

title: Cytoplasmic effects on selection response for increased growth rate in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The dynamics of LH secretion and clearance were studied in vivo in eight healthy young @entity0 using a novel multiple parameter deconvolution procedure to resolve underlying secretion and clearance rates simultaneously from serial serum immunoactive LH concentrations. This deconvolution analysis disclosed random LH secretory bursts occurring at a mean (+/- SEM) interpulse interval of 72 +/- 5 min. The frequency of these secretory bursts was 6.9 +/- 0.6 episodes/8 h. Each resolved LH secretory event had an average half-duration of only 7.8 +/- 0.5 min, which was remarkably shorter than the LH concentration peak duration of 60 +/- 6 min. The maximal LH secretory rate achieved within a secretory burst averaged 0.40 +/- 0.05 mIU/min.mL (0.14 IU/min.L), which corresponded to a mass of LH released of 3.2 +/- 0.3 mIU/mL distribution vol (IU/L). By linear regression analysis, both the maximal rate and mass of LH released per secretory burst were positively correlated with the duration of the subsequent interpulse interval (P less than 0.001). In physiological experiments, the mass of LH released per secretory burst was increased by iv @entity2 injections or @entity1 , and decreased by sc administration of a selective @entity2 antagonist ( @entity4 ). The mean endogenous LH production rate calculated by deconvolution [180 +/- 40 mIU/min (0.18 IU/min)] was not different from a nominal value of 228 +/- 80 mIU/min (0.228 IU/min) extrapolated from earlier steady state LH infusions. Deconvolution estimated single phase half-times of endogenous LH disappearance of 87 +/- 8 min, were in general harmony with values of 44-106 min obtained previously in four @entity3 @entity0 injected with purified LH. Moreover, creation of synthetic LH series using our deconvolution estimates yielded 24-h LH pulse profiles similar quantitatively and qualitatively to those in normal @entity0 . In summary, we applied a new multiple parameter deconvolution procedure to immunoactive LH pulse profiles to discern the nature of physiological LH secretory events and estimate endogenous LH disappearance rates. These studies in normal @entity0 have revealed that 1) LH secretory bursts occur every 72 min; their mean half-duration is 7.8 min; and 3.2 mIU/mL (3.2 IU/L) are released per secretory peak; 2) amplitudes of in vivo LH secretory bursts are augmented in @entity1 and/or by exogenous @entity2 injections and attenuated by a @entity2 antagonist; 3) the duration of a postsecretory pause is proportional to the amplitude of the preceding LH secretory burst; and (4) 95% of total daily LH release occurs in only 5 h/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: In vivo dynamics of luteinizing hormone secretion and clearance in XXXX : assessment by deconvolution mechanics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: High voltage electron microscopy and conventional transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the ultrastructure of foliate taste buds of @entity0 . Computer-assisted, three-dimensional reconstructions from serial sections were used to visualize regions of interaction between taste cells and nerve fibers. Based on criteria previously established for @entity0 vallate taste buds (Kinnamon et al., '85), foliate taste cells were classified as dark, light, or intermediate depending on their cytoplasmic content and the characteristics of their nuclei. Cells of foliate taste buds display a continuous range of morphologies, from "typical" dark cells to "typical" light cells. Cells of dark, intermediate, and light morphologies all make afferent synapses onto nerve processes, suggesting that cells of all 3 types are sensory in function. Synapses between taste cells and nerve processes may be either macular or fingerlike in shape. No efferent synapses were found. In addition to conventional synapses, taste cells exhibit 2 other types of specializations at sites of apposition with nerve fibers: subsurface cisternae and atypical mitochondria. Subsurface cisternae are narrow sacs of endoplasmic reticulum that are closely apposed to the inner leaflet of the taste cell membrane. Possible functions of subsurface cisternae include synthesis of synaptic membrane components, modification of the electrical or adhesive properties of the taste cell membrane, and exchange of trophic factors with nerve processes. @entity2 are usually much larger than typical taste cell mitochondria, and their cristae often display a swollen, twisted configuration. These mitochondria are closely apposed to the inside of the taste cell membrane adjacent to nerve fibers. @entity2 may be providing unusual amounts of energy for metabolic reactions in their vicinities or participating in @entity1 buffering in the taste cell. Within taste cells, presynaptic specializations, subsurface cisternae, and mitochondria are often clustered together to form "synaptic ensembles." We hypothesize that the functions served by the subsurface cisternae and mitochondria, as well as synaptic transmission, may be important in interactions between taste cells and nerve fibers.

title: Ultrastructure of XXXX foliate taste buds: synaptic and nonsynaptic interactions between taste cells and nerve fibers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The study was undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetic values for half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance for @entity3 (SCh) based on measurements of the drug in plasma. Three intravenous (i.v.) doses (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg) were compared to study the time course of @entity1 and recovery and to describe the relationship of plasma concentration (Cp) and the pharmacologic effects of SCh in @entity0 . The physiologic response to the neuromuscular blocking drug was monitored using train-of-four stimulation of the left sciatic nerve and recording the response of the corresponding gastrocnemius muscle. Time courses for @entity1 and recovery were monitored, and the results were used to predict the kinetic values for the pharmacologic effects. Blood samples were taken following drug administration for direct pharmacokinetic estimations. SCh determinations were performed using ion-pair extraction, chemical demethylation, and gas chromatography with @entity2 phosphorous detection. Both kinetic analyses showed the beta half-life for SCh to be approximately 5 min for all doses. SCh has a distribution half-life of less than 1 min. There appears to be a threshold Cp below which neuromuscular function returns. Recovery following SCh induced @entity1 had a rapid onset, but the duration of @entity1 and the rate of recovery were especially prolonged for the 5.0-mg/kg treatment group.

title: Correlation of plasma concentration and effects of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The study was undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetic values for half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance for @entity3 (SCh) based on measurements of the drug in plasma. Three intravenous (i.v.) doses (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg) were compared to study the time course of @entity1 and recovery and to describe the relationship of plasma concentration (Cp) and the pharmacologic effects of SCh in @entity0 . The physiologic response to the neuromuscular blocking drug was monitored using train-of-four stimulation of the left sciatic nerve and recording the response of the corresponding gastrocnemius muscle. Time courses for @entity1 and recovery were monitored, and the results were used to predict the kinetic values for the pharmacologic effects. Blood samples were taken following drug administration for direct pharmacokinetic estimations. SCh determinations were performed using ion-pair extraction, chemical demethylation, and gas chromatography with @entity2 phosphorous detection. Both kinetic analyses showed the beta half-life for SCh to be approximately 5 min for all doses. SCh has a distribution half-life of less than 1 min. There appears to be a threshold Cp below which neuromuscular function returns. Recovery following SCh induced @entity1 had a rapid onset, but the duration of @entity1 and the rate of recovery were especially prolonged for the 5.0-mg/kg treatment group.

title: Correlation of plasma concentration and effects of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been evaluated to establish a routine test in the clinical laboratory for measuring the profiles of @entity2 and @entity4 receptor isoforms in @entity1 @entity0 . This procedure will be used to determine if there is a relationship between particular isoform profiles and response to various endocrine therapies. Evaluation of various HPLC modes has shown that high-performance ion-exchange chromatography (HPIEC) with @entity5 -based anion exchangers offers a promising approach. In this paper, we have compared HPIEC columns of different lengths (10 and 25 cm) and pore sizes (300, 500 and 1,000 A) in order to obtain an optimal separation procedure. Because of receptor lability, all investigations were performed at 4 degrees C. The mobile phase consisted of 10-500 mM @entity3 buffer, supplemented with the stabilizing agent, @entity6 at pH 7.4. Recoveries from each of the columns were between 70-100%. The length of the column did not influence significantly the retention time and salt concentration required for elution of receptor proteins. However, pore sizes appeared to alter these parameters. With a larger pore size (1,000 A), the retention of proteins was lower (elution with 50 mM @entity3 ) than that observed with the 500-A pore size column (elution with 100 mM @entity3 ) or of the 300-A pore size column (elution with 150 mM @entity3 ). Based solely on recovery patterns and peak shape, we conclude that separation of receptor isoforms on a 1,000-A, 25-cm column is best suited for clinical analysis.

title: Influence of column length and pore size on high-performance ion-exchange chromatography of @entity2 and XXXX receptors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been evaluated to establish a routine test in the clinical laboratory for measuring the profiles of @entity2 and @entity4 receptor isoforms in @entity1 @entity0 . This procedure will be used to determine if there is a relationship between particular isoform profiles and response to various endocrine therapies. Evaluation of various HPLC modes has shown that high-performance ion-exchange chromatography (HPIEC) with @entity5 -based anion exchangers offers a promising approach. In this paper, we have compared HPIEC columns of different lengths (10 and 25 cm) and pore sizes (300, 500 and 1,000 A) in order to obtain an optimal separation procedure. Because of receptor lability, all investigations were performed at 4 degrees C. The mobile phase consisted of 10-500 mM @entity3 buffer, supplemented with the stabilizing agent, @entity6 at pH 7.4. Recoveries from each of the columns were between 70-100%. The length of the column did not influence significantly the retention time and salt concentration required for elution of receptor proteins. However, pore sizes appeared to alter these parameters. With a larger pore size (1,000 A), the retention of proteins was lower (elution with 50 mM @entity3 ) than that observed with the 500-A pore size column (elution with 100 mM @entity3 ) or of the 300-A pore size column (elution with 150 mM @entity3 ). Based solely on recovery patterns and peak shape, we conclude that separation of receptor isoforms on a 1,000-A, 25-cm column is best suited for clinical analysis.

title: Influence of column length and pore size on high-performance ion-exchange chromatography of XXXX and @entity4 receptors.

answer: @entity2