abstract: @entity3 was isolated from the inflammatory @entity0 of a Bengal @entity2 in April, 1979. In clinical findings rounded area of alopecia, 3 to 8 cm in size was observed on the right haunch and the tail. The @entity0 were covered with thin scales, but the inflammatory changes were not severe. Findings, on physical examination, were unremarkable and the animal appeared healthy except for the @entity0 . The infected hairs were invaded by the fungal elements and arthroconidia were around the hair shaft. Cuticles and cortex of the infected hairs were brittle. They were evidently digested and were easily pulled out from the hair follicles. In mycological findings numerous and typical macroconidia were observed. By cross mating of a isolate from @entity2 and @entity3 (-) strains, cleistothecia were produced. Both organic @entity1 and @entity4 ointment were effective for therapy. In this paper the dermatophytosis of @entity2 caused by @entity3 is described.

title: Dermatophytosis of @entity2 caused by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Forty-seven @entity0 with @entity8 stage II-III, fulfilling clinical indications for starting treatment with @entity2 , received oral @entity5 for 8 weeks in gradually decreasing doses (starting dose 48 mg per day). From week 5 onwards, they also received inhaled @entity7 , 1.6 mg daily. Treatment was continued for 18 months and all @entity0 have been followed for at least 3 years. At 18 months treatment could be discontinued in 38 @entity0 , who had used individually adjusted doses of @entity7 depending on the clinical response (reduced doses in 14, initial dose in 16, and increased doses in 8 @entity0 ). @entity7 treatment alone was satisfactory in 31 of these 38 cases. An additional seven @entity0 could stop treatment after receiving supplementary courses of oral @entity1 for 3-12 months. Treatment is ongoing in 9 @entity0 in which 6 have extrapulmonary manifestations requiring oral @entity1 . The chest radiograph became normal in 22 @entity0 and improved in 14. Significant improvements were noted in FVC and DLco in relation to predicted normal values. Serum @entity4 , lysozyme and @entity6 values decreased significantly. Transient cough was seen in 5 and hoarseness in 3 @entity0 . No systemic side-effects were noted; one @entity0 taking 2.4 mg @entity7 daily had a plasma @entity3 value below the normal range. Inhaled @entity7 seems to offer an effective and safe alternative to oral @entity1 for long-term maintenance treatment of @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: Inhaled @entity7 for maintenance treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Forty-seven @entity0 with @entity8 stage II-III, fulfilling clinical indications for starting treatment with @entity2 , received oral @entity5 for 8 weeks in gradually decreasing doses (starting dose 48 mg per day). From week 5 onwards, they also received inhaled @entity7 , 1.6 mg daily. Treatment was continued for 18 months and all @entity0 have been followed for at least 3 years. At 18 months treatment could be discontinued in 38 @entity0 , who had used individually adjusted doses of @entity7 depending on the clinical response (reduced doses in 14, initial dose in 16, and increased doses in 8 @entity0 ). @entity7 treatment alone was satisfactory in 31 of these 38 cases. An additional seven @entity0 could stop treatment after receiving supplementary courses of oral @entity1 for 3-12 months. Treatment is ongoing in 9 @entity0 in which 6 have extrapulmonary manifestations requiring oral @entity1 . The chest radiograph became normal in 22 @entity0 and improved in 14. Significant improvements were noted in FVC and DLco in relation to predicted normal values. Serum @entity4 , lysozyme and @entity6 values decreased significantly. Transient cough was seen in 5 and hoarseness in 3 @entity0 . No systemic side-effects were noted; one @entity0 taking 2.4 mg @entity7 daily had a plasma @entity3 value below the normal range. Inhaled @entity7 seems to offer an effective and safe alternative to oral @entity1 for long-term maintenance treatment of @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: Inhaled XXXX for maintenance treatment of @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dengue is the most prevalent @entity0 transmitted by @entity3 worldwide, whose chemical control is difficult, expensive, and of inconsistent efficacy. Releases of @entity4 -exposed Ae. aegypti males to disseminate conidia among female mosquitoes by mating represents a promising biological control approach against this important vector. A better understanding of fungus virulence and impact on reproductive parameters of Ae. aegypti, is need before testing auto-dissemination strategies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mortality, mating competitiveness, sperm production, and the capacity to auto-disseminate the fungus to females up to the 5thcopulation, were compared between @entity3 males exposed to 5.96 x 107 conidia per cm2 of @entity4 and uninfected males. Half (50%) of fungus-exposed males (FEMs) died within the first 4 days @entity2 ( @entity2 ). FEMs required 34% more time to successively copulate with 5 females (165    3 minutes) than uninfected males (109    3 minutes). Additionally, @entity1 reduced the sperm production by 87% at 5 days @entity2 . Some beneficial impacts were observed, FEMs were able to successfully compete with uninfected males in cages, inseminating an equivalent number of females (about 25%). Under semi-field conditions, the ability of FEMs to search for and inseminate females was also equivalent to uninfected males (both inseminating about 40% females); but for the remaining females that were not inseminated, evidence of tarsal contact (transfer of fluorescent dust) was significantly greater in FEMs compared to controls. The estimated conidia load of a female exposed on the 5th copulation was 5,200 mL-1 which was sufficient to cause mortality. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study is the first to demonstrate auto-dissemination of @entity4 through transfer of fungus from males to female Ae. aegypti during mating under semi-field conditions. Our results suggest that auto-dissemination studies using releases of FEMs inside households could successfully infect wild Ae. aegypti females, providing another viable biological control tool for this important the dengue vector.

title: Copulation Activity, Sperm Production and Conidia Transfer in XXXX Males Contaminated by @entity4 : A Biological Control Prospect.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dengue is the most prevalent @entity0 transmitted by @entity3 worldwide, whose chemical control is difficult, expensive, and of inconsistent efficacy. Releases of @entity4 -exposed Ae. aegypti males to disseminate conidia among female mosquitoes by mating represents a promising biological control approach against this important vector. A better understanding of fungus virulence and impact on reproductive parameters of Ae. aegypti, is need before testing auto-dissemination strategies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mortality, mating competitiveness, sperm production, and the capacity to auto-disseminate the fungus to females up to the 5thcopulation, were compared between @entity3 males exposed to 5.96 x 107 conidia per cm2 of @entity4 and uninfected males. Half (50%) of fungus-exposed males (FEMs) died within the first 4 days @entity2 ( @entity2 ). FEMs required 34% more time to successively copulate with 5 females (165    3 minutes) than uninfected males (109    3 minutes). Additionally, @entity1 reduced the sperm production by 87% at 5 days @entity2 . Some beneficial impacts were observed, FEMs were able to successfully compete with uninfected males in cages, inseminating an equivalent number of females (about 25%). Under semi-field conditions, the ability of FEMs to search for and inseminate females was also equivalent to uninfected males (both inseminating about 40% females); but for the remaining females that were not inseminated, evidence of tarsal contact (transfer of fluorescent dust) was significantly greater in FEMs compared to controls. The estimated conidia load of a female exposed on the 5th copulation was 5,200 mL-1 which was sufficient to cause mortality. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study is the first to demonstrate auto-dissemination of @entity4 through transfer of fungus from males to female Ae. aegypti during mating under semi-field conditions. Our results suggest that auto-dissemination studies using releases of FEMs inside households could successfully infect wild Ae. aegypti females, providing another viable biological control tool for this important the dengue vector.

title: Copulation Activity, Sperm Production and Conidia Transfer in @entity3 Males Contaminated by XXXX : A Biological Control Prospect.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Twenty-five @entity0 with @entity1 and evidence of bone marrow involvement (BM +) were compared with 25 other Hodgkin @entity0 , chosen at random, who had visceral lesions but free bone marrow (BM -). Both groups were observed throughout the same period. The first evaluation showed that bone marrow involvement was more frequent in male @entity0 and that it produced @entity3 with WBC and platelet counts lower than in BM - @entity0 . However, bone marrow involvement can only be ascertained by medullar biopsy. BM + @entity0 were treated with multiple chemotherapy (mostly MOPP). Positive response was obtained in 64% and complete remission in 50%, as compared with 70% and 50% respectively in BM - @entity0 . There was no significant difference in overall survival rate between the two groups. It remained in plateau at 50.5% after two years in BM + @entity0 and at 63% after 27 months in BM - @entity0 . When complete remission was obtained the survival rate after one year was 90% for BM + @entity0 and 100% for BM - @entity0 . In the absence of complete remission, however, the median survival time was inferior to one year in both groups. The dosage levels and side-effects of chemotherapeutic agents were similar in both groups, but @entity2 was more pronounced in BM + @entity0 .

title: [Initial bone marrow involvement in XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The authors present a technique for the persistent external drainage of intractable subdiaphragmatic cystic recurrences with the creation of a @entity3 between the cyst wall epithelium and epithelium on the nasal cavity, using a pedicled nasoseptal flap as a conduit. The long-term efficacy of endoscopic transnasal external fistulation (ETEF) in controlling cystic recurrences in this @entity0 group is addressed through a retrospective observational review of 3 male @entity0 aged 8, 22, and 45 years with the diagnosis of recurrent @entity6 who underwent the ETEF procedure between 2006 and 2009. Clinical presentation, neuroimaging, surgical interventions, and follow-up were recorded. The main outcome measure was cyst reaccumulation on MRI. @entity0 had a mean follow-up of 76 months (range 5-8 years) with no incidence of cystic recurrence. Follow-up imaging revealed sustained cyst involution contrary to the usual recurrent enlargement commonly seen in this @entity0 group. Symptoms of @entity1 and @entity2 improved post-ETEF. Long-term theoretical complications of a persistent @entity3 such as @entity5 , @entity4 , or CSF leak were not observed. ETEF promotes nasalization of cystic recurrences in @entity6 . It is safe and effective, causing long-term involution of cysts and can be considered a definitive procedure.

title: Endoscopic transnasal external fistulation in recurrent XXXX : a novel technique.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 after liver transplantations are a source of significant morbidity, often necessitating retransplantation. The purpose of this study was twofold: first to identify features associated with the development of this lesion; second, to make technical modifications that will decrease the incidence of this problem. In the first part of this study, 15 of 131 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 . A stepwise logistic-regression analysis associated donor cold ischemic time and @entity4 dose with the development of @entity2 . All these @entity0 had arterial reconstruction after partial revascularization of the liver with portal venous blood. Because the bile duct receives its blood supply from only the hepatic artery, we hypothesized that the prolonged period of warm @entity1 from staged reconstruction of the vascular supply would promote the development of this lesion. In a second part of this study, the stricture rate in 45 @entity0 with simultaneous revascularization using both the hepatic artery and portal vein was compared with that in 83 @entity0 from the first part of this study initially revascularized with portal venous blood. All @entity0 in the second study had grafts preserved using UW solution. Only 1 @entity0 with simultaneous revascularization developed a @entity2 . Because we were unable to identify any significant complications related to this method of revascularization, we propose that the hepatic artery and portal vein should be released simultaneously, especially in @entity0 receiving a graft with prolonged storage time.

title: A simple modification in operative technique can reduce the incidence of XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatolithiasis with @entity4 , more common in Southeast Asia than elsewhere, remains a difficult problem to manage. Hepatic resection has recently been advocated as one of the treatment modalities for hepatolithiasis; however, this procedure is not without risk. This study was designed to achieve complete clearance of the stones, eliminate @entity1 , and avoid the potential risks of hepatic resection in the @entity0 with hepatolithiasis and @entity4 . METHODS: In this prospective clinical trial 13 @entity0 with retained left hepatolithiasis and @entity4 were included. All the @entity0 met the following criteria: (1) initial surgical procedure for hepatolithiasis, (2) normal gross findings of the left liver, and (3) no obvious clinical evidence of an associated @entity2 . After the operation they underwent matured T-tube tract ductal dilatation with percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy tube stenting. Choledochoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy was used in five @entity0 after dilatation when impacted or large stones were encountered. RESULTS: Complete clearance of the stones was achieved in these 13 @entity0 . One @entity0 had fevers develop after ductal dilatation, and another @entity0 had mild @entity3 after electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Both recovered uneventfully with conservative treatment. These successfully treated @entity0 remain well, with a mean follow-up period of 20 months. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative matured T-tube tract ductal dilatation and stenting, combined with endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy when indicated, is an effective and safe alternative to hepatic resection for selected left hepatolithiasis with @entity4 .

title: Ductal dilatation and stenting make routine hepatectomy unnecessary for left hepatolithiasis with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Thirty @entity0 with @entity2 received combined chemo-/immunotherapy with @entity3 and BCG after operation. Before therapy and 6-10 weeks after the liver was examined by clinical, laboratory and scintigraphic means. We wanted to find out the side effects of the therapy on liver and the use of the gated scintigraphy to diagnose liver parenchymal changes. Each of the @entity0 had normal laboratory results as well as a normal scintigraphy before therapy. After chemotherapy 19 @entity0 had a pathological liver scintigram. Also specific liver enzymes were elevated. While 12 @entity0 showed a diffuse, inhomogeneous liver pattern with scintigraphy, 5 @entity0 had an additional diffuse liver increase on top. Four @entity0 also showed signs of @entity4 . In 11 @entity0 the result was unsignificant. @entity1 of @entity3 , liver scintigraphy is able to detect a liver reaction at a point where laboratory and clinical signs don't give a significant information.

title: [Scintigraphy of liver after combined chemo-/immunotherapy with XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Early and adequate shock treatment combined with improved systemic and local therapy practically eliminated primary death of @entity0 with severe burns. In contrast the late mortality, i.e. the fatal outcome during the " @entity3 " has not been significantly improved during the last decade. A burn toxin has been discussed as reason of this @entity3 . Such a toxic factor has been isolated from burnt @entity1 and @entity0 skin and from the serum of burnt @entity0 as well. Electron microscopic studies in @entity2 revealed similar and comparable mitochondrial alterations of hepatocytes after either a sublethal controlled burn injury or an i.p. application of an equivalent dose of this cutaneous burn toxin. These alterations were dose-dependent. Studies of the liver metabolism of these @entity2 (i.e. gluconeogenesis, @entity4 synthesis and energy metabolism) suggested an inhibited oxidative phosphorylation. Incubation of enzymatically isolated hepatocytes with toxin demonstrated a direct cytotoxic effect of the burn toxin by scanning electron microscopy. Glycogen synthesis and @entity4 synthesis were significantly reduced, hormonal sensibility was partially abolished. These results suggest a disturbance of the cellular energy metabolism via a cell membrane damage. This could be the reason of the decreased host defence of @entity5 @entity0 which causes the fatal outcome in severe burns. Therefore, elimination of burn toxin should be an important point in burn treatment.

title: [Disturbed cellular energy metabolism in burns. Studies of XXXX liver].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is one @entity0 @entity1 to which the immune response may control the growth of @entity1 cells. These @entity1 are infiltrated by a large mononuclear infiltrate mainly composed of T lymphocytes. To characterize the lymphocytes infiltrating @entity2 , we analyzed the molecular structure of the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains in @entity1 and paired peripheral blood lymphocytes from a series of 6 untreated @entity0 . We first determined V alpha and V beta gene segment usage by PCR using a panel of V specific oligonucleotide primers (V alpha 1-w29 and V beta 1-w24). A highly diverse usage of TCR V alpha and V beta gene usage was observed in 5 of 6 @entity1 . In addition, the few @entity1 overexpressed V beta specificities detected by reverse transcription-PCR were shown to contain minor T cell expansions. Strikingly, 1 of the 6 @entity1 studied displayed a skewed TCR repertoire with V beta 4 transcript representing 25% of the TCR signals. @entity1 overexpressed V beta transcripts was analyzed by @entity3 size distribution analysis. In the particular @entity1 displaying a biased repertoire large expansions of T cell subpopulations were detected (particularly in V beta 4) specifically at the @entity1 site. Such T cells may be expanded locally in response to @entity1 antigens.

title: In vivo local expansion of clonal T cell subpopulations in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Analytical subcellular fractionation in combination with enzymic microanalysis has been used to investigate the hepatic organelle pathology of @entity3 . Activities of plasma membrane and lysosomal enzymes in hepatic needle biopsies were increased, but marker enzymes for other organelles were normal. 2. Seven @entity0 were treated with a low dose of @entity2 , 250 mg daily, over a 3--6 month period. The initially raised serum alkaline phosphatase and IgM levels were significantly reduced. In four @entity0 with markedly elevated hepatic @entity1 there was a small decrease, but urinary @entity1 excretion was unaltered. Hepatic organelle pathology was significantly improved. 3. No serious side-effects were noted and it is suggested that a controlled trial of low-dose @entity2 therapy is indicated in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Hepatic organelle pathology in @entity3 and the response to low-dose XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Analytical subcellular fractionation in combination with enzymic microanalysis has been used to investigate the hepatic organelle pathology of @entity3 . Activities of plasma membrane and lysosomal enzymes in hepatic needle biopsies were increased, but marker enzymes for other organelles were normal. 2. Seven @entity0 were treated with a low dose of @entity2 , 250 mg daily, over a 3--6 month period. The initially raised serum alkaline phosphatase and IgM levels were significantly reduced. In four @entity0 with markedly elevated hepatic @entity1 there was a small decrease, but urinary @entity1 excretion was unaltered. Hepatic organelle pathology was significantly improved. 3. No serious side-effects were noted and it is suggested that a controlled trial of low-dose @entity2 therapy is indicated in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Hepatic organelle pathology in XXXX and the response to low-dose @entity2 therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Advanced @entity4 represents 14% of all stages but 54% of all @entity2 attributed to @entity4 . From 1973 to 1990, the charts of 137 @entity0 with @entity4 (Stage III and IV) treated by the section of Gynecologic Oncology at Rush Medical College were retrospectively reviewed. The log rank method was used for univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression was used for multivariate analysis. The @entity0 were stratified as follows: Stage III, 92 (67.2%), Stage IV, 45 (32.8%); Grade 1, 15 (10.9%), Grade 2, 47 (34.3%), Grade 3, 67 (48.9%); @entity3 , 93 (67.9%), adenosquamous, 18 (13.1%), adenoacanthoma, 2 (1.5%), clear cell, 1 (0.7%), papillary serous, 23 (16.8%). Using univariate analysis, median survival was 1.71 years for Stage III versus 0.68 years for Stage IV. Median survival based on treatment was as follows: radiotherapy (RT) only (n = 16), 0.89 years, surgery only (n = 36), 0.75 years, preoperative RT+surgery (n = 7), 2.5 years, surgery+postoperative RT (n = 56), 2.63 years, and other treatments (hormonal only n = 12, chemotherapy only n = 1, and no treatment n = 9), 0.6 years. @entity0 with vaginal extension survived a median of 0.82 years, versus 2.49 years without this factor (P = 0.002). @entity0 with clinically apparent parametrial involvement survived a median of 0.70 years versus 2.65 years without this factor (P = 0.0003). Multivariate analysis was possible via a surgical database (n = 99). Age > 60 (P = 0.01), parametrial involvement (P = 0.04), and abdominal metastases (P = 0.003) were significant prognostic indicators. Papillary or clear cell histology, advanced grade, and mode of treatment were not significant. @entity0 with abdominal metastases or parametrial extension of @entity1 have a significant decrease in mean survival.

title: Prognostic indicators of survival in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity18 , a new class of anticancer agents, act by promoting the assembly of microtubules and stabilizing formed tubules. Two @entity18 , @entity11 and @entity10 , have clinical activity in epithelial @entity3 , including @entity2 with @entity9 resistance. @entity5 associated with the @entity18 include @entity4 , @entity13 , @entity15 , and @entity14 . Premedication with @entity6 , @entity16 , and @entity17 decreases the incidence of severe anaphylactic reactions to less than 3%. In Phase II studies, response rates to @entity11 in @entity0 with previously treated @entity3 ranged from 20 to 48%. To date, only two Phase III study using @entity11 in the treatment of @entity3 have mature data. In one trial in @entity0 with @entity3 , conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group, @entity0 receiving @entity11 / @entity8 had a significantly greater clinical response rate and surgical response rate and a significantly smaller risk of progression than those of @entity0 receiving @entity8 / @entity7 . In a Phase III study of @entity11 in previously treated @entity0 at two different schedules (3- and 24-hr infusions), conducted by the Canadian-European Taxol Cooperative Group, @entity0 on the 24-hr infusion experienced significantly more grade 4 @entity12 than those receiving the 3-hr infusion. The optimal dose, schedule, and combination for @entity11 in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity3 have not yet been defined. In Phase II studies of @entity10 in @entity0 with previously treated @entity3 , response rates of 33-35% were noted. Peripheral @entity1 was noted to be a clinically significant @entity5 .

title: Options for primary chemotherapy of XXXX : @entity18 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity18 , a new class of anticancer agents, act by promoting the assembly of microtubules and stabilizing formed tubules. Two @entity18 , @entity11 and @entity10 , have clinical activity in epithelial @entity3 , including @entity2 with @entity9 resistance. @entity5 associated with the @entity18 include @entity4 , @entity13 , @entity15 , and @entity14 . Premedication with @entity6 , @entity16 , and @entity17 decreases the incidence of severe anaphylactic reactions to less than 3%. In Phase II studies, response rates to @entity11 in @entity0 with previously treated @entity3 ranged from 20 to 48%. To date, only two Phase III study using @entity11 in the treatment of @entity3 have mature data. In one trial in @entity0 with @entity3 , conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group, @entity0 receiving @entity11 / @entity8 had a significantly greater clinical response rate and surgical response rate and a significantly smaller risk of progression than those of @entity0 receiving @entity8 / @entity7 . In a Phase III study of @entity11 in previously treated @entity0 at two different schedules (3- and 24-hr infusions), conducted by the Canadian-European Taxol Cooperative Group, @entity0 on the 24-hr infusion experienced significantly more grade 4 @entity12 than those receiving the 3-hr infusion. The optimal dose, schedule, and combination for @entity11 in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity3 have not yet been defined. In Phase II studies of @entity10 in @entity0 with previously treated @entity3 , response rates of 33-35% were noted. Peripheral @entity1 was noted to be a clinically significant @entity5 .

title: Options for primary chemotherapy of @entity3 : XXXX .

answer: @entity18


abstract: @entity2 is a highly chemosensitive solid @entity1 with response rates of 70-80% to first-line chemotherapy, including a high proportion of complete responses. The majority of @entity0 , however, eventually relapse and ultimately die of chemoresistant disease. Response rates to salvage agents are modest, and duration of response is relatively short. Important new agents have been identified in the salvage setting, however, and all @entity0 with @entity2 recurring or persisting after front-line therapy should be encouraged to enroll in clinical trials. Phase II trials should include multiple adequately sized cohorts, for @entity0 with @entity3 -sensitive disease and those with @entity3 -refractory disease. In addition, @entity0 should be stratified by treatment-free interval. An effort should be made to report standard response endpoints, such as median duration of response, median time to progression, and median survival. Retreatment with a @entity3 -containing compound is appropriate in @entity0 with @entity3 -sensitive disease. Trials of high-dose chemotherapy with hematologic support may be most appropriate for @entity0 with minimal disease following first-line therapy, but are unlikely to benefit @entity0 with @entity3 -resistant or bulky disease. Paclitaxel should figure prominently in consideration of salvage therapy for @entity0 with @entity3 -resistant disease. Responses to other single agents or combination chemotherapy have been modest and generally of short duration. Efforts at hormonal therapy have been disappointing. Promising new agents include topoisomerase I inhibitors, such as @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity6 . Therapies focusing on novel molecular targets include antiangiogenesis agents, antimetastatic agents, and signal transduction inhibitors. Immunotherapy, including radioimmunotherapy, immunotoxins, and direct antitumor effects of monoclonal antibodies, may be useful. Greater understanding of the molecular pathology of @entity2 may help us develop more rational and effective treatment.

title: Salvage chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The distinct pathologic and biologic nature of @entity3 of low malignant potential (LMP) has been officially recognized by FIGO and the World Health Organization. LMP @entity1 may comprise 10% of @entity3 ; they occur at a mean age of 40 years. Pregnancy, breast-feeding, and the use of oral contraceptives are protective against the development of @entity1 of LMP. A history of @entity7 and use of @entity7 drugs appear to increase the risk of these @entity1 . No association with @entity3 has been reported. The survival associated with these @entity1 is 99% at mean follow-up of 7 years for @entity0 with stage I disease, and 92% for those with @entity2 . Retrospectively, more @entity0 appear to have died from complications associated with adjuvant therapy than from progressive disease. The recommended treatment is surgical, consisting of total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymph node biopsies, peritoneal washings, and @entity1 debulking. In young @entity0 with early-stage disease, conservative surgery, preserving the uterus and contralateral ovary, is acceptable. A role has not yet been established for adjuvant therapy, whether radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Laboratory investigations have not demonstrated that these @entity1 represent an intermediate step between @entity3 and @entity6 nor have they identified that small subset of @entity1 with @entity5 clinical behavior. We should perhaps consider @entity1 of LMP in the same light as "benign" proliferative gynecologic conditions, such as @entity4 .

title: Management of epithelial XXXX of low malignant potential.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The phenotype and function of @entity0 intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) was studied in a Percoll-fractionated preparation that consisted of low-density cells which migrated to the 40-50% Percoll interface (IEL-40), medium-density cells which migrated to the 50-55% interface (IEL-50), and high-density cells which migrated to the 55-70% interface (IEL-55). IEL-40 and IEL-50 cells, the subsets phenotypically most similar to mature IEL, consisted of @entity4 + T cells that included @entity1 - CD8+ and @entity1 + CD8+ cells; @entity1 + CD8- cells were present only in the IEL-50 fraction. T-cell receptor (TcR)alpha beta and TcR gamma delta cells were present in both IEL-40 and IEL-50 fractions. In contrast, most IEL-55 were @entity4 -, @entity5 (HSA)+ cells that were not B cells; some IEL-55 cells were @entity4 lo HSA- or @entity4 lo HSA+ suggesting that IEL-55 are immature T cells. TcR alpha beta but not TcR gamma delta was expressed in the IEL-55 fraction. All three IEL fractions consisted of both @entity2 alpha and @entity2 beta cells. There was considerable functional heterogeneity between the three IEL fractions such that @entity4 -induced proliferation was greatest for IEL-50 cells and least for IEL-55 cells; that activity correlated with the proportion of @entity3 + cells within the fractions. Both IEL-40 and IEL-50 fractions contained activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that were 8-16-fold more lytic than IEL-55 cells. That IEL-55 cells may be precursors of some IEL-40 and IEL-50 cells was demonstrated by a shift in cell density and by an increase in proportions of cells expressing markers of IEL-40 and IEL-50 cells following in vitro stimulation via @entity4 . The relevance of these findings to differences in functional activities reported for @entity0 IEL is discussed.

title: Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of XXXX intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes defined by cell density: implications for route of differentiation and responsiveness to proliferation induction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: A retrospective study of @entity0 treated at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute for brain metastases from primary @entity1 is presented. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The medical records of 416 @entity0 with the diagnosis of primary @entity1 who presented with, or subsequently developed, brain metastases during the period January 1984 to December 1987 were reviewed. Information on a number of factors of potential prognostic significance (sex, age, histology, performance status and interval between diagnosis of the primary and brain metastases) was collected. Details of surgery, radiation and @entity3 usage were recorded, and any @entity3 side effects documented. Survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis of brain metastases. Stepwise regression based on Cox's proportional hazards model was used to determine significant prognostic factors affecting survival. @entity0 with and without @entity3 side effects were compared using Yates's corrected chi-square test. RESULTS: The overall estimated median survival was only 3.3 months (95% confidence interval 2.9-3.7 months). Only two factors were found to be associated with a significantly improved survival--surgical intervention and good performance status. After taking these two factors into account, the dose of radiation used (< 30 Gy or > or = 30 Gy) did not influence survival. There was a 3% incidence of @entity5 or perforation in @entity0 taking @entity4 , with a 40% fatality rate. Predisposing factors to gastric side effects were a prior history of peptic ulcer and/or @entity2 or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption. CONCLUSION: Radiation of brain metastases from primary @entity1 results in modest survival benefit. Radiation dose (< 30 Gy or > or = 30 Gy) is not a significant determinant of survival. Other treatment modifications, such as concurrent radiation and chemotherapy, should be explored. Steroids should be used with caution as fatal side effects can occur.

title: Treatment of brain metastases from primary XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity5 is a rare @entity2 with aggressive behavior but potential for response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Optimal treatment regimens are evolving based on reports of case series and a growing understanding of the natural history. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis of 34 cases treated at two Australian Institutions over 13 years is presented, focusing on clinical features and response to therapy. RESULTS: The aggressive nature of this @entity2 is confirmed by the local recurrence rate of 22% following surgical excision, the development of regional node @entity1 in 76%, and of distant @entity1 in 70%. Overall median survival was 24 months with 65% of @entity0 succumbing to metastatic disease. An association with B cell @entity2 and immunosuppressive therapy is noted, with these @entity0 having a poorer outcome, and one spontaneous remission was observed. Radiation therapy produced responses in 21 of 30 measurable sites (11 complete, 10 partial), and in 11 sites irradiated prophylactically there was only one infield relapse (9%). Responses to chemotherapy were observed in 8 of 20 applications (40%), particularly @entity4 and @entity3 given in the setting of regional node disease. CONCLUSION: In this poor prognosis @entity2 , further investigation of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is warranted, as responsiveness of recurrent disease is confirmed. Immunological factors appear important in the natural history, and their manipulation may offer additional therapeutic options.

title: Further insights into the natural history and management of primary XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Thirty-one @entity0 under the age of 15 years with verified @entity5 were treated at Addenbrookes Hospital from 1940 to 1976. In addition to surgical treatment, all received high dose irradiation to the whole neuraxis. Nine were still alive in 1979, of whom eight were examined. All these @entity0 showed some residual problems, but five were leading active lives and had only minor @entity1 . There was evidence of disturbance in growth, with shortening of the spine in relation to the limbs, in all the @entity0 . The height centile was lower than expected from parental height in four and one was severely dwarfed. @entity4 secretion in response to exercise was, however, normal in five of six @entity0 tested. Three @entity0 also showed failure of growth of the jaw sufficiently severe to be a cosmetic problem. @entity2 was present in three @entity0 . A raised resting TSH level was found in two @entity0 , one of whom had a @entity3 . Of the three @entity0 with severe problems, two had been treated when under two years of age. Long-term follow-up of @entity0 who survive @entity5 is clearly necessary and consideration should perhaps be given to revision of current treatment regimes in very young @entity0 .

title: XXXX in childhood: long-term results of treatment.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Studies on @entity0 @entity0 suggested that thoracic gas volume (TGV) measured at end exhalation may not depict the true TGV and may differ from TGV measured from a series of higher lung volumes and corrected for the volume added. This was explained by gas trapping. If true, we should expect the discrepancy to be more pronounced when functional residual capacity (FRC) and higher lung volumes are measured by gas dilution techniques. We studied lung volumes above FRC by the @entity1 washout technique in 12 spontaneously breathing @entity2 (5.0-11.3 kg wt; 42 compared measurements). Lung volumes directly measured were compared with preset lung volumes achieved by artificial inflation of the lungs above FRC with known volumes of air (100-260 ml). Measured lung volume strongly correlated with and was not significantly different from present lung volume (P = 0.05; r = 0.996). The difference between measured and preset lung volume was 0-5% in 41 of 42 cases [1 +/- 0.4% (SE)]. The direction of the difference was unpredictable; in 22 of 42 cases the measured volume was larger than the preset volume, but in 17 of 42 cases it was smaller. The difference was not affected by the volume of gas artificially inflated into the lungs. We conclude that, overall, lung volumes above FRC can be reliably measured by the @entity1 washout technique and that FRC measurements by this method reasonably reflect true FRC.

title: Measurement of high lung volumes by XXXX washout method.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BALB/c @entity1 were given 1 x 10(6) MOPC 104E plasmacytoma cells i.v. to disseminate the @entity0 to various organs. Twenty-five days after implantation and at a time when the neoplastic B-cell clone was in the exponential growth phase, the @entity1 were given i.p. injections of a mixture of antigens containing @entity2 red blood cells and levan. Each @entity1 was monitored simultaneously for immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-dextran @entity3 protein produced by the plasmacytoma and anti-sheep red blood cell hemolysin. The increase and decrease of these markers permit assessment of the expansion of the abnormal B-cell clone during the rise and fall of a normal B-cell clone in response to a specific antigen. The model was used to determine (a) the extent of the suppression of @entity3 protein, (b) how long inhibition can be maintained, and (c) how soon it occurs after antigen is administered. The results showed that, as the IgM antibody response to @entity2 red blood cells begins to peak, it exerts a transient suppressive effect on either the MOPC 104E growth or on the cellular release of MOPC 104E IgM. The suppressive effect was noticeable 4 days after antigen administration for only 24 hr. These results indicated that plasmacytoma cells in vivo can recognize signals for either suppression of growth or release of the idiotypic MOPC 104E IgM and were not inconsistent with the view that @entity3 may be the result of a defect in B-cell regulation.

title: Effect of immune response to XXXX red blood cells on plasmacytoma MOPC 104 E.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We previously reported that a region of the @entity1 chromosome at 18 min increased E sigma E activity when cloned in multicopy (J. Mecsas, P. E. Rouviere, J. W. Erickson, T. J. Donohue, and C. A. Gross, Genes Dev. 7:2618-2628, 1993). In the present report, we identify and characterize the gene responsible for the increase in E sigma E activity. This gene is in a monocistronic operon with two promoters and a rho-independent terminator. Sequence analysis of this gene indicated that it encodes an outer membrane protein which is 83% identical to OmpX in @entity4 , leading us to name this gene ompX. There are four other proteins that are homologous to OmpX. Several of these proteins, Ail of @entity3 and Rck and PagC of @entity2 , have properties that allow bacteria to adhere to @entity0 cells, survive exposure to human serum, and/or survive within macrophages. We therefore characterized strains deleted for ompX for their growth phenotypes, E sigma E activity, serum resistance, and adherence to @entity0 cells. No differences in growth rates, serum resistance, or adherence to @entity0 cells were observed; however, E sigma E activity was dependent on expression of OmpX in certain strain backgrounds.

title: Identification and characterization of an outer membrane protein, OmpX, in @entity1 that is homologous to a family of outer membrane proteins including Ail of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We previously reported that a region of the @entity1 chromosome at 18 min increased E sigma E activity when cloned in multicopy (J. Mecsas, P. E. Rouviere, J. W. Erickson, T. J. Donohue, and C. A. Gross, Genes Dev. 7:2618-2628, 1993). In the present report, we identify and characterize the gene responsible for the increase in E sigma E activity. This gene is in a monocistronic operon with two promoters and a rho-independent terminator. Sequence analysis of this gene indicated that it encodes an outer membrane protein which is 83% identical to OmpX in @entity4 , leading us to name this gene ompX. There are four other proteins that are homologous to OmpX. Several of these proteins, Ail of @entity3 and Rck and PagC of @entity2 , have properties that allow bacteria to adhere to @entity0 cells, survive exposure to human serum, and/or survive within macrophages. We therefore characterized strains deleted for ompX for their growth phenotypes, E sigma E activity, serum resistance, and adherence to @entity0 cells. No differences in growth rates, serum resistance, or adherence to @entity0 cells were observed; however, E sigma E activity was dependent on expression of OmpX in certain strain backgrounds.

title: Identification and characterization of an outer membrane protein, OmpX, in XXXX that is homologous to a family of outer membrane proteins including Ail of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Protein @entity1 phosphatase has the potential to control various cellular events by negatively regulating the extent of @entity1 phosphorylation. Here, we report the isolation of a @entity0 receptor protein @entity1 phosphatase, @entity2 , which is expressed almost exclusively in the brain. Though the cytoplasmic portion of @entity2 reveals high similarity to @entity3 / @entity3 and STEP, these are, unlike @entity2 , non-receptor protein @entity1 phosphatases. Unlike most receptor protein @entity1 phosphatases, @entity2 has only one cytoplasmic phosphatase domain, and its extracellular domain reveals no obvious structural similarity to known molecules. Thus, @entity2 defines a new subfamily of receptor-type protein @entity1 phosphatases. The putative extracellular domain of @entity2 was expressed in COS-7 cells as a chimeric fusion protein with an immunoglobulin Fc portion ( @entity2 -Fc). @entity2 -Fc was secreted in the culture supernatant, confirming the capability of the extracellular domain of @entity2 to translocate across the cytoplasmic membrane. The cytoplasmic portion of @entity2 was expressed as a fusion protein in bacteria and was demonstrated to have catalytic activity. The expression of @entity2 was detectable in brain and especially in cerebellum but undetectable in liver, lung, heart, kidney, thymus, bone marrow, and spleen. In situ hybridization analysis revealed the most prominent signal in Purkinje cells. The predominant expression of @entity2 in the brain suggests that @entity2 may have role(s) in neuronal cells.

title: cDNA cloning and characterization of a novel receptor-type protein XXXX phosphatase expressed predominantly in the brain.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An incidence cohort of 308 @entity1 @entity0 was followed up repeatedly during at least 25 years of disease. In the @entity0 with acute onset, multivariate survival analyses were performed and predictive models created. The endpoints DSS 6 and start of progressive disease were used. A number of variables were tested. The most important of these for prediction and therefore included in these models were: age at onset, sex, degree of remission after relapse, mono- or polyregional symptoms, type of affected nerve fibres, number of affected neurological systems. The relapse rate did not correlate with prognosis. In the predictive models, coefficients and risk ratios are provided that can be used for calculating the risk of progression and DSS 6 or to predict the median time for these endpoints in individual @entity0 . It was also found that the risk of progression is not constant, but has a maximum a certain time after disease onset. For a @entity0 with early onset, the risk is low in the beginning, but reaches a maximum level, which is several times higher, after about 15 years. The @entity0 with a late onset has a much higher risk of endpoint immediately after onset, but reaches the maximum in a few years, and after that the risk decreases.

title: Prediction of outcome in XXXX based on multivariate models.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Insulin absorption from the conjunctiva was investigated in five pancreatectomized @entity0 mongrel @entity1 , with the nasolacrimal ducts occluded by micro plugs to prevent insulin absorption from nasolacrimal membrane. In the anaesthetized state, highly concentrated porcine insulin (1000 units @entity4 , pH 7.4) was absorbed rapidly and significantly from the conjunctiva. Plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations increased significantly up to 3 h after insulin administration to conjunctival membranes. Plasma @entity2 concentration decreased significantly compared with saline control experiments after insulin administration (10 units kg-1) at 3 h (8.3 +/- 0.1 vs 15.6 +/- 0.6 mmol, P < 0.01). However, in the conscious state, there was no significant increase in the plasma insulin levels after topical insulin administration. To improve insulin absorption in the conscious state, we examined the effect of increasing viscosity of insulin preparation with hyaluronic acid. In anaesthetized experiments, there were no significant changes in the bioavailability of insulin after addition of @entity3 (0.84 +/- 0.11 vs 0.87 +/- 0.05%). In the conscious state, with addition of hyaluronic acid, the area under the curve of plasma insulin concentration was significantly increased (1842 +/- 383 vs 75 +/- 24 m units min @entity4 , P < 0.01). The bioavailability of insulin absorption was significantly increased after addition of @entity3 (0.68 +/- 0.14 vs 0.03 +/- 0.01%, P < 0.01). From this study we could demonstrate that the conjunctiva is a potential route for insulin administration, and increased viscosity by the addition of @entity3 was found effective in increasing the bioavailability of insulin absorption from conjunctival membrane in the conscious state.

title: Effect of addition of hyaluronic acid to highly concentrated insulin on absorption from the conjunctiva in conscious XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Insulin absorption from the conjunctiva was investigated in five pancreatectomized @entity0 mongrel @entity1 , with the nasolacrimal ducts occluded by micro plugs to prevent insulin absorption from nasolacrimal membrane. In the anaesthetized state, highly concentrated porcine insulin (1000 units @entity4 , pH 7.4) was absorbed rapidly and significantly from the conjunctiva. Plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations increased significantly up to 3 h after insulin administration to conjunctival membranes. Plasma @entity2 concentration decreased significantly compared with saline control experiments after insulin administration (10 units kg-1) at 3 h (8.3 +/- 0.1 vs 15.6 +/- 0.6 mmol, P < 0.01). However, in the conscious state, there was no significant increase in the plasma insulin levels after topical insulin administration. To improve insulin absorption in the conscious state, we examined the effect of increasing viscosity of insulin preparation with hyaluronic acid. In anaesthetized experiments, there were no significant changes in the bioavailability of insulin after addition of @entity3 (0.84 +/- 0.11 vs 0.87 +/- 0.05%). In the conscious state, with addition of hyaluronic acid, the area under the curve of plasma insulin concentration was significantly increased (1842 +/- 383 vs 75 +/- 24 m units min @entity4 , P < 0.01). The bioavailability of insulin absorption was significantly increased after addition of @entity3 (0.68 +/- 0.14 vs 0.03 +/- 0.01%, P < 0.01). From this study we could demonstrate that the conjunctiva is a potential route for insulin administration, and increased viscosity by the addition of @entity3 was found effective in increasing the bioavailability of insulin absorption from conjunctival membrane in the conscious state.

title: Effect of addition of hyaluronic acid to highly concentrated insulin on absorption from the conjunctiva in conscious @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We evaluated 21 eyes of 13 @entity0 between two and eight months old who had primary posterior chamber @entity3 ( @entity3 ) implantation for @entity2 between 1988 and 1993. Twelve eyes had a posterior capsulorhexis or plaque peeling at the time of implantation and one eye had a vitrectomy. Eight eyes had no posterior capsule procedure during the initial surgery. Follow-up ranged from six months to five years. All eyes developed one or multiple posterior synechias and all, except one, required secondary capsulectomy and vitrectomy between one month and one year. Twenty eyes attained stable @entity3 fixation and a clear @entity1 . In one eye, the @entity3 decentered downward. @entity0 with @entity2 had greater visual improvement than those with a @entity2 in one eye only. No @entity0 could manage spectacles postoperatively. Our findings show the benefits of posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy done in the early postoperative period and that @entity3 implantation in @entity0 is a reasonable treatment in some parts of the world.

title: Intraocular lens implantation in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We evaluated 21 eyes of 13 @entity0 between two and eight months old who had primary posterior chamber @entity3 ( @entity3 ) implantation for @entity2 between 1988 and 1993. Twelve eyes had a posterior capsulorhexis or plaque peeling at the time of implantation and one eye had a vitrectomy. Eight eyes had no posterior capsule procedure during the initial surgery. Follow-up ranged from six months to five years. All eyes developed one or multiple posterior synechias and all, except one, required secondary capsulectomy and vitrectomy between one month and one year. Twenty eyes attained stable @entity3 fixation and a clear @entity1 . In one eye, the @entity3 decentered downward. @entity0 with @entity2 had greater visual improvement than those with a @entity2 in one eye only. No @entity0 could manage spectacles postoperatively. Our findings show the benefits of posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy done in the early postoperative period and that @entity3 implantation in @entity0 is a reasonable treatment in some parts of the world.

title: Intraocular lens implantation in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Soluble @entity3 (sCD4) and sCD8 were measured in the sera of 19 @entity0 with active @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: We correlated the results obtained with lymphocyte subpopulations, soluble interleukin 2 receptors (sIL-2R), and clinical and laboratory variables at diagnosis. In addition 15 @entity0 were prospectively studied during a 6 month period of prednisone therapy. Assays of the sCD4 and sCD8 molecules and of the sIL-2R were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit. RESULTS: Serum sCD8 and sIL-2R levels were significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity1 compared to normal controls, while serum sCD4 and the relative percentage of @entity4 + T cell levels decreased. In the 15 @entity0 prospectively studied sCD8 levels fell significantly after 1 week of therapy along with the remission of clinical disease and normalization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At the end of the study period, sCD8 values did not differ from normal controls and they were significantly reduced compared to baseline values. @entity4 + @entity6 persisted at the end of the study. sCD4 levels remained significantly lower during the study period. sIL-2R levels fell significantly at the end of the study period. However, the 6-month levels of sIL-2R remained significantly higher compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The rise of serum sCD8 levels observed in @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity1 suggests an early activation of @entity4 T cells. The therapeutic effect of @entity2 in @entity5 may be partially mediated by its effect on @entity4 activated cells.

title: Serum soluble XXXX and @entity4 levels in @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Soluble @entity3 (sCD4) and sCD8 were measured in the sera of 19 @entity0 with active @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: We correlated the results obtained with lymphocyte subpopulations, soluble interleukin 2 receptors (sIL-2R), and clinical and laboratory variables at diagnosis. In addition 15 @entity0 were prospectively studied during a 6 month period of prednisone therapy. Assays of the sCD4 and sCD8 molecules and of the sIL-2R were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit. RESULTS: Serum sCD8 and sIL-2R levels were significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity1 compared to normal controls, while serum sCD4 and the relative percentage of @entity4 + T cell levels decreased. In the 15 @entity0 prospectively studied sCD8 levels fell significantly after 1 week of therapy along with the remission of clinical disease and normalization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At the end of the study period, sCD8 values did not differ from normal controls and they were significantly reduced compared to baseline values. @entity4 + @entity6 persisted at the end of the study. sCD4 levels remained significantly lower during the study period. sIL-2R levels fell significantly at the end of the study period. However, the 6-month levels of sIL-2R remained significantly higher compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The rise of serum sCD8 levels observed in @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity1 suggests an early activation of @entity4 T cells. The therapeutic effect of @entity2 in @entity5 may be partially mediated by its effect on @entity4 activated cells.

title: Serum soluble @entity3 and @entity4 levels in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Soluble @entity3 (sCD4) and sCD8 were measured in the sera of 19 @entity0 with active @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: We correlated the results obtained with lymphocyte subpopulations, soluble interleukin 2 receptors (sIL-2R), and clinical and laboratory variables at diagnosis. In addition 15 @entity0 were prospectively studied during a 6 month period of prednisone therapy. Assays of the sCD4 and sCD8 molecules and of the sIL-2R were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit. RESULTS: Serum sCD8 and sIL-2R levels were significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity1 compared to normal controls, while serum sCD4 and the relative percentage of @entity4 + T cell levels decreased. In the 15 @entity0 prospectively studied sCD8 levels fell significantly after 1 week of therapy along with the remission of clinical disease and normalization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At the end of the study period, sCD8 values did not differ from normal controls and they were significantly reduced compared to baseline values. @entity4 + @entity6 persisted at the end of the study. sCD4 levels remained significantly lower during the study period. sIL-2R levels fell significantly at the end of the study period. However, the 6-month levels of sIL-2R remained significantly higher compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The rise of serum sCD8 levels observed in @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity1 suggests an early activation of @entity4 T cells. The therapeutic effect of @entity2 in @entity5 may be partially mediated by its effect on @entity4 activated cells.

title: Serum soluble @entity3 and XXXX levels in @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 of the bilateral testicular tunica albuginea is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there are only 3 definitely reported cases. This is the first report of bilateral testicular tunica albuginea @entity4 as a potential cause of @entity5 . Herein, we report a case of a 47-year-old @entity0 who presented with painless bilateral testicular masses for more than 30 years, besides he also suffered from @entity3 . The complete resection of the @entity1 was performed. The final pathological diagnosis was @entity4 of the bilateral tunica albuginea. Postoperatively, the @entity0 underwent testicular biopsy. Histopathology confirmed moderate @entity2 , and the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased. In this case, bilateral @entity6 is the root reason for the @entity0 's @entity3 . Thus, despite the benign nature of bilateral testicular tunica albuginea @entity4 , they may cause bilateral @entity6 and @entity3 in @entity0 . In the case of @entity0 with fertility requirements, early local mass excision is often necessary.

title: XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Clinical characteristics of six cases of @entity10 involving a unilateral basal ganglion and thalamus are summarized. The incidence was estimated as 10% of all @entity5 . The average age at the onset was 10.5 years. The sex incidence showed a male dominance. The clinical course was slowly progressive, and the average duration between onset and diagnosis was 2 years 5 months. Common symptoms and signs were @entity7 in all cases, fever of unknown origin and eye symptoms in most, @entity6 and @entity1 signs in three, and @entity3 , pubertas praecox, and @entity8 in two. Signs of @entity4 were found in only two cases in the later state of the disease. Early diagnosis is difficult because of nonspecific symptomatology and slow progression. Carotid angiography and pneumoencephalography showed abnormal findings compatible with basal @entity0 , but not specific to @entity10 . Ipsilateral cortical @entity2 and @entity9 might be significant findings. Radioisotope scanning was useful. Computerized tomography scans were the best method of detecting the location and nature of this @entity0 , and repeat scans showed response to radiation therapy.

title: XXXX involving the basal ganglia and thalamus.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess effectiveness and implementability of the public health programme Life! Taking action on @entity1 in Australian @entity0 at risk of developing @entity3 2 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was a unique study assessing effectiveness of Life! that used a randomized controlled trial design. Intervention @entity0 with AUSDRISK score >= 15 received 1 individual and 5 structured 90   min group sessions. Controls received usual care. Outcome measures were obtained for all @entity0 at baseline and 12   months and, additionally, for intervention @entity0 at 3   months. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and intention to treat (ITT) analyses were performed. RESULTS: @entity4 analyses were considered more informative from our study. In @entity4 analyses, intervention @entity0 significantly improved in weight (-1.13   kg, p=0.016), waist circumference (-1.35   cm, p=0.044), systolic (-5.2   mm   Hg, p=0.028) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.2   mm   Hg, p=0.030) compared with controls. Based on observed weight change, estimated risk of developing @entity1 reduced by 9.6% in the intervention and increased by 3.3% in control @entity0 . Absolute 5-year @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk reduced significantly for intervention @entity0 by 0.97 percentage points from 9.35% (10.4% relative risk reduction). In control @entity0 , the risk increased by 0.11 percentage points (1.3% relative risk increase). The net effect for the change in @entity2 risk was -1.08 percentage points of absolute risk (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 effectively reduced the risk of @entity1 and @entity2 , but the intervention effect on weight and waist reduction was modest due to the challenges in recruiting high-risk individuals and the abbreviated intervention.

title: Challenges of XXXX prevention in the real world: results and lessons from the @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess effectiveness and implementability of the public health programme Life! Taking action on @entity1 in Australian @entity0 at risk of developing @entity3 2 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was a unique study assessing effectiveness of Life! that used a randomized controlled trial design. Intervention @entity0 with AUSDRISK score >= 15 received 1 individual and 5 structured 90   min group sessions. Controls received usual care. Outcome measures were obtained for all @entity0 at baseline and 12   months and, additionally, for intervention @entity0 at 3   months. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and intention to treat (ITT) analyses were performed. RESULTS: @entity4 analyses were considered more informative from our study. In @entity4 analyses, intervention @entity0 significantly improved in weight (-1.13   kg, p=0.016), waist circumference (-1.35   cm, p=0.044), systolic (-5.2   mm   Hg, p=0.028) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.2   mm   Hg, p=0.030) compared with controls. Based on observed weight change, estimated risk of developing @entity1 reduced by 9.6% in the intervention and increased by 3.3% in control @entity0 . Absolute 5-year @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk reduced significantly for intervention @entity0 by 0.97 percentage points from 9.35% (10.4% relative risk reduction). In control @entity0 , the risk increased by 0.11 percentage points (1.3% relative risk increase). The net effect for the change in @entity2 risk was -1.08 percentage points of absolute risk (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 effectively reduced the risk of @entity1 and @entity2 , but the intervention effect on weight and waist reduction was modest due to the challenges in recruiting high-risk individuals and the abbreviated intervention.

title: Challenges of @entity1 prevention in the real world: results and lessons from the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the separate and combined effects of neonatal undernutrition (U) and cold stress (S) on the behavioral and cerebral development of postweaning @entity0 . A severe U was imposed by feeding dams a low protein diet. Postweaning all pups were fed a control diet. S consisted of daily exposure to 5 degrees for 3 minutes from day 2 to 11. Behavioral data show that U animals, stressed (S) + nonstressed (NS), exhibited a significant deficit in reversal learning of T-maze at 21 days, an enhanced passive avoidance response, but no difference in active-avoidance at 35 days when compared to controls of the same age. S had no effect on behavior development. At @entity2 (110 days), the brains were dissected into five sections and assay for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities. Brain weights of U animals (NS + S) were significantly lower in all sections except dorsal cortex (DC). @entity3 and ChE activities were significantly higher in all sections (except DC) of U animals relative to controls. S resulted in @entity1 and ChE: @entity3 ratios in some sections. Our results suggest a delayed behavioral maturation in U animals and an association between early postweaning behavior and brain parameters in adult rehabilitated animals.

title: Effects of neonatal undernutrition and cold stress on behavior and biochemical brain parameters in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 nanoparticles ( @entity5 -NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, bio- sensors, food additives, pigments, manufacture of rubber products, and electronic materi- als. There are several studies about the effects of NPs on dermal fibroblast or keratino- cytes, but very little attention has been directed towards adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). A previous study has revealed that @entity5 -NPs restricted the migration capability of ASCs. However, the potential @entity3 of these NPs on ASCs is not well un- derstood. This study intends to evaluate the effects of @entity5 -NPs on subcutaneous ASCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, In order to assess @entity3 , we ex- posed @entity0 ASCs to @entity5 -NPs at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100   g/ml for 48 hours. @entity8 - icity was evaluated by cell morphology changes, cell viability assay, as well as apoptosis and @entity1 detection. RESULTS: @entity5 -NPs concentration dependently reduced the survival rates of ASCs as re- vealed by the @entity7 exclusion and @entity6 ( @entity2 ) tests. @entity5 -NPs, at concentrations of 10 and 50   g/ml, induced a significant increase in apoptotic indices as shown by the annexin V test. The concentration of 10   g/ml of @entity5 -NPs was more toxic. CONCLUSION: Lower concentrations of @entity5 -NPs have toxic and apoptotic effects on subcutaneous ASCs. We recommend that @entity5 -NPs be used with caution if there is a dermatological problem.

title: In Vitro Toxic Effects of XXXX Nanoparticles on @entity0 Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 nanoparticles ( @entity5 -NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, bio- sensors, food additives, pigments, manufacture of rubber products, and electronic materi- als. There are several studies about the effects of NPs on dermal fibroblast or keratino- cytes, but very little attention has been directed towards adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). A previous study has revealed that @entity5 -NPs restricted the migration capability of ASCs. However, the potential @entity3 of these NPs on ASCs is not well un- derstood. This study intends to evaluate the effects of @entity5 -NPs on subcutaneous ASCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, In order to assess @entity3 , we ex- posed @entity0 ASCs to @entity5 -NPs at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100   g/ml for 48 hours. @entity8 - icity was evaluated by cell morphology changes, cell viability assay, as well as apoptosis and @entity1 detection. RESULTS: @entity5 -NPs concentration dependently reduced the survival rates of ASCs as re- vealed by the @entity7 exclusion and @entity6 ( @entity2 ) tests. @entity5 -NPs, at concentrations of 10 and 50   g/ml, induced a significant increase in apoptotic indices as shown by the annexin V test. The concentration of 10   g/ml of @entity5 -NPs was more toxic. CONCLUSION: Lower concentrations of @entity5 -NPs have toxic and apoptotic effects on subcutaneous ASCs. We recommend that @entity5 -NPs be used with caution if there is a dermatological problem.

title: In Vitro Toxic Effects of @entity4 Nanoparticles on XXXX Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Background. @entity1 is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the dentition. Periodontal destruction is an outcome of the imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We wanted to prove the hypothesis that salivary TIPM-1 level will vary in different @entity0 . A decrease in @entity4 level could make them more susceptible to @entity2 whereas a normal level could prevent increased tissue destruction thereby inhibiting the progression from @entity3 to @entity2 . This could probably pave the way for TIPM-1 to be a specific salivary biomarker and serve as a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in @entity2 . Methods. Whole unstimulated saliva of 2   ml was collected from twenty-five periodontally healthy and twenty-seven systemically healthy subjects with @entity2 . Clinical parameters recorded at baseline and reevaluated after four weeks in subjects with @entity2 following nonsurgical periodontal therapy were gingival index (GI), oral hygiene index-Simplified (OHI-S), probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Salivary @entity4 levels in both were analyzed using a commercially available ELISA kit.

title: Comparison of Salivary XXXX Levels in Periodontally Involved and Healthy Controls and the Response to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Objective. To assess whether or not there was any change in the dental caries and rate of salivary flow of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the contribution of salivary flow to caries risk in @entity3 . Setting. Department of Endocrinology, MS Ramaiah Hospital, Bangalore, India. Design. A comparative cross-sectional descriptive type. Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of two groups: 140 @entity1 group (mean age 14.8   yr) and 140 nondiabetic group (mean age 13.7   yr). @entity2 by dmf(t) and dmf(s) indices for primary dentition and DMF(T) and DMF(S) indices was used in permanent dentition to assess the dental caries experience. Both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate were assessed after collection of saliva. Results. In @entity1 group 76% had @entity2 and in nondiabetic group 85.3% had @entity2 . Diabetics have lower mean DMFT, DMFS, dmft, and dmfs compared to the nondiabetic group. Diminished unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate in @entity1 than nondiabetic group. Conclusions. The findings obtained conclude that even though there was reduced salivary flow rate in @entity1 group the caries prevalence was low.

title: The Influence of XXXX on @entity2 and Salivary Flow.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Objective. To assess whether or not there was any change in the dental caries and rate of salivary flow of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the contribution of salivary flow to caries risk in @entity3 . Setting. Department of Endocrinology, MS Ramaiah Hospital, Bangalore, India. Design. A comparative cross-sectional descriptive type. Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of two groups: 140 @entity1 group (mean age 14.8   yr) and 140 nondiabetic group (mean age 13.7   yr). @entity2 by dmf(t) and dmf(s) indices for primary dentition and DMF(T) and DMF(S) indices was used in permanent dentition to assess the dental caries experience. Both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate were assessed after collection of saliva. Results. In @entity1 group 76% had @entity2 and in nondiabetic group 85.3% had @entity2 . Diabetics have lower mean DMFT, DMFS, dmft, and dmfs compared to the nondiabetic group. Diminished unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate in @entity1 than nondiabetic group. Conclusions. The findings obtained conclude that even though there was reduced salivary flow rate in @entity1 group the caries prevalence was low.

title: The Influence of @entity3 on XXXX and Salivary Flow.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cover FigureRegion-specific @entity4 ( @entity4 ) loss of function differentially affects both patterning and sensorimotor behaviors in @entity0 . @entity4 is expressed at all levels of the somatosensory pathway and plays a major role in refinement and patterning of topographic sensory maps. Cortex-specific @entity4 loss of function (CxAC1KO @entity0 ) does not affect barrel patterning and activation of specific barrels corresponding to stimulated whiskers and does not impair sensorimotor behaviors. While global (AC1KO) and thalamus-specific ( @entity4 loss of function leads to absence of barrel patterns, selective whisker stimulation activates topographically aligned cortical loci. Despite functional topography of the whisker-barrel cortex, sensorimotor and social behaviors are impaired, indicating the importance of patterning of topographical sensory maps in the neocortex. Adenylate cyclase type I ( @entity4 ) is primarily, and, abundantly, expressed in the brain. Intracellular @entity2 /calmodulin increases regulate @entity4 in an activity-dependent manner. Upon stimulation, @entity4 produces @entity1 and it is involved in the patterning and the refinement of neural circuits. In @entity0 , spontaneous mutations or targeted deletion of the @entity4 gene, which encodes @entity4 , resulted in neuronal pattern formation defects. Neural modules in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, the barrels, which represent the topographic distribution of the whiskers on the snout, failed to form (Welker et al., 1996; Abdel-Majid et al., 1998). Cortex- or thalamus-specific @entity4 deletions led to different cortical pattern phenotypes, with thalamus-specific disruption phenotype being more severe (Iwasato et al., 2008; @entity3 et al., 2013). Despite the absence of barrels in the "barrelless"/ @entity4 null @entity0 , thalamocortical terminal bouton density and activation of cortical zones following whisker stimulation were roughly topographic (Abdel-Majid et al., 1998; Gheorghita et al., 2006). To what extent does patterning of the cortical somatosensory body map play a role in sensorimotor behaviors? In this study, we tested @entity0 with global, cortical, or thalamic loss of @entity4 function in a battery of sensorimotor and social behavior tests and compared them to @entity0 with all of the whiskers clipped. Contrary to intuitive expectations that any region-specific or global disruption of the @entity4 function would lead to similar behavioral phenotypes, we found significant differences in the degree of impairment between these strains.

title: Region-Specific Disruption of Adenylate Cyclase Type 1 Gene Differentially Affects Somatosensorimotor Behaviors in XXXX (1,2,3).

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a sensitive test for detecting subclinical nodal @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 without evidence of lymph node involvement. The prognostic significance of @entity4 positivity in @entity0 with @entity2 >4  mm thick (T4) is unclear. The survival curves in the current AJCC staging system suggest that the status of the @entity4 is not predictive of outcome for @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 with primary @entity2 without clinical nodal involvement who underwent SLNB between 2002 and 2012 at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre were included in the analysis with chart review performed to collect clinical, pathological, and outcome data. A meta-analysis was performed including similar studies of SLNB in @entity2 , which reported @entity3 ( @entity3 ) data. RESULTS: Of 217 @entity0 who underwent SLNB, 78 @entity0 had a positive @entity4 (36  %). The 5-year @entity3 for SLNB negative and positive @entity0 was 68 and 45  %, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 2.82; 95  % CI 1.76-4.51; P  =  .001]. On multivariate analysis, the only predictors of @entity3 were the status of the @entity4 (HR 2.88; 95  % CI 1.75-4.73) and the presence of satellitosis (HR 2.59; 95  % CI 1.30-5.76). The meta-analysis identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. All reported similar findings, demonstrating a significant difference in @entity3 according to sentinel lymph node status; the pooled analysis of 2104 @entity0 demonstrated an overall HR for @entity3 according to SLNB status of 2.3 (95  % CI 1.95-2.71). CONCLUSIONS: SLNB provides important prognostic information for @entity0 with @entity2 . This information is important when stratifying @entity0 for clinical trials.

title: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in T4 XXXX : An Important Risk-Stratification Tool.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSEThe administration of a single-course antenatal @entity1 treatment is recommended for pregnant @entity0 between 24 and 34 weeks with risk of @entity3 . The maximum effect is achieved when antenatal @entity2 are administered between 24h and 7 days before delivery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of birth within seven days of @entity1 therapy in major obstetric situations with risk of preterm birthMETHODSRetrospective cohort study including 209 pregnant @entity0 hospitalized in risk of @entity4 , submitted to @entity1 therapy for fetal lung maturation. The study was carried out between January 2012 and March 2014 at a university hospital. Main outcome measure was the number of @entity0 who delivered within 7 da ys after antenatal @entity1 administration. Two groups were defined according to the reason for starting @entity2 : threatened @entity4 (Group APPT) and other indications for @entity1 therapy (Group RPPT). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed and a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS46.4% (n=97) of pregnant @entity0 gave birth in the seven days following @entity1 administration. Delivery within 7 days occurred more frequently on group 2 in comparison to group 1 (57.3 versus42.4%; p=0.001). There is a statistically significant difference between the survival curve for groups 1 and 2, with a hazard ratio for delivery within 7 days 1.71 times higher for group 2 (95%CI 1.23-2.37; p<0.001)CONCLUSIONIt can be concluded that the probability of an event (birth within 7 days after @entity2 ) is smaller in the group of pregnant @entity0 admitted in the context of threatened @entity4 than for other indications. The use of @entity2 in pregnant @entity0 admitted for suspected @entity4 should be subject to rigorous clinical evaluation.

title: [Evaluation of @entity1 administration in situations of suspected imminent XXXX : a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary centre].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSEThe administration of a single-course antenatal @entity1 treatment is recommended for pregnant @entity0 between 24 and 34 weeks with risk of @entity3 . The maximum effect is achieved when antenatal @entity2 are administered between 24h and 7 days before delivery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of birth within seven days of @entity1 therapy in major obstetric situations with risk of preterm birthMETHODSRetrospective cohort study including 209 pregnant @entity0 hospitalized in risk of @entity4 , submitted to @entity1 therapy for fetal lung maturation. The study was carried out between January 2012 and March 2014 at a university hospital. Main outcome measure was the number of @entity0 who delivered within 7 da ys after antenatal @entity1 administration. Two groups were defined according to the reason for starting @entity2 : threatened @entity4 (Group APPT) and other indications for @entity1 therapy (Group RPPT). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed and a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS46.4% (n=97) of pregnant @entity0 gave birth in the seven days following @entity1 administration. Delivery within 7 days occurred more frequently on group 2 in comparison to group 1 (57.3 versus42.4%; p=0.001). There is a statistically significant difference between the survival curve for groups 1 and 2, with a hazard ratio for delivery within 7 days 1.71 times higher for group 2 (95%CI 1.23-2.37; p<0.001)CONCLUSIONIt can be concluded that the probability of an event (birth within 7 days after @entity2 ) is smaller in the group of pregnant @entity0 admitted in the context of threatened @entity4 than for other indications. The use of @entity2 in pregnant @entity0 admitted for suspected @entity4 should be subject to rigorous clinical evaluation.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX administration in situations of suspected imminent @entity4 : a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary centre].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Transport of ferric-siderophores across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is mediated by specific outer membrane receptors. To localize the substrate-binding domain of the ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor, PupA, of @entity4 WCS358, we constructed chimeric receptors in which different domains of PupA were replaced by the corresponding domains of the related ferric-pseudobactin receptors PupB and PupX, or the @entity5 receptor FhuE of @entity0 . None of the chimeric proteins composed of pseudobactin receptor domains facilitated growth on any of the original substrates, or they showed only an extremely low efficiency. However, these receptors enabled cells of @entity4 BN8 to grow on media supplemented with uncharacterized siderophore preparations. These siderophore preparations were isolated from the culture supernatant of WCS358 cells carrying plasmids that contain genes of @entity4 B10 required for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin B10. Hybrid proteins that contained at least the @entity1 -terminal 516 @entity3 of mature FhuE were active as a receptor for @entity5 and interacted with the @entity0 TonB protein. A chimeric PupA-FhuE protein, containing the @entity1 -terminal 94 @entity1 acids of mature PupA, was also active as a @entity5 receptor, but only in the presence of @entity4 TonB. It is concluded that the @entity2 -terminal domain of ferric-pseudobactin receptors is important, but not sufficient, for ligand interaction, whereas binding of @entity5 by the FhuE receptor is not dependent on this domain. Apparently, the ligand-binding sites of different receptors are located in different regions of the proteins. Furthermore, species-specific TonB binding by the PupA receptor is dependent on the @entity1 -terminal domain of the receptor.

title: Localization of functional domains in the XXXX @entity5 receptor FhuE and the @entity4 ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor PupA.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Transport of ferric-siderophores across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is mediated by specific outer membrane receptors. To localize the substrate-binding domain of the ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor, PupA, of @entity4 WCS358, we constructed chimeric receptors in which different domains of PupA were replaced by the corresponding domains of the related ferric-pseudobactin receptors PupB and PupX, or the @entity5 receptor FhuE of @entity0 . None of the chimeric proteins composed of pseudobactin receptor domains facilitated growth on any of the original substrates, or they showed only an extremely low efficiency. However, these receptors enabled cells of @entity4 BN8 to grow on media supplemented with uncharacterized siderophore preparations. These siderophore preparations were isolated from the culture supernatant of WCS358 cells carrying plasmids that contain genes of @entity4 B10 required for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin B10. Hybrid proteins that contained at least the @entity1 -terminal 516 @entity3 of mature FhuE were active as a receptor for @entity5 and interacted with the @entity0 TonB protein. A chimeric PupA-FhuE protein, containing the @entity1 -terminal 94 @entity1 acids of mature PupA, was also active as a @entity5 receptor, but only in the presence of @entity4 TonB. It is concluded that the @entity2 -terminal domain of ferric-pseudobactin receptors is important, but not sufficient, for ligand interaction, whereas binding of @entity5 by the FhuE receptor is not dependent on this domain. Apparently, the ligand-binding sites of different receptors are located in different regions of the proteins. Furthermore, species-specific TonB binding by the PupA receptor is dependent on the @entity1 -terminal domain of the receptor.

title: Localization of functional domains in the @entity0 XXXX receptor FhuE and the @entity4 ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor PupA.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Transport of ferric-siderophores across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is mediated by specific outer membrane receptors. To localize the substrate-binding domain of the ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor, PupA, of @entity4 WCS358, we constructed chimeric receptors in which different domains of PupA were replaced by the corresponding domains of the related ferric-pseudobactin receptors PupB and PupX, or the @entity5 receptor FhuE of @entity0 . None of the chimeric proteins composed of pseudobactin receptor domains facilitated growth on any of the original substrates, or they showed only an extremely low efficiency. However, these receptors enabled cells of @entity4 BN8 to grow on media supplemented with uncharacterized siderophore preparations. These siderophore preparations were isolated from the culture supernatant of WCS358 cells carrying plasmids that contain genes of @entity4 B10 required for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin B10. Hybrid proteins that contained at least the @entity1 -terminal 516 @entity3 of mature FhuE were active as a receptor for @entity5 and interacted with the @entity0 TonB protein. A chimeric PupA-FhuE protein, containing the @entity1 -terminal 94 @entity1 acids of mature PupA, was also active as a @entity5 receptor, but only in the presence of @entity4 TonB. It is concluded that the @entity2 -terminal domain of ferric-pseudobactin receptors is important, but not sufficient, for ligand interaction, whereas binding of @entity5 by the FhuE receptor is not dependent on this domain. Apparently, the ligand-binding sites of different receptors are located in different regions of the proteins. Furthermore, species-specific TonB binding by the PupA receptor is dependent on the @entity1 -terminal domain of the receptor.

title: Localization of functional domains in the @entity0 @entity5 receptor FhuE and the XXXX ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor PupA.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Romania the rate of vaccine-associated @entity4 is for unexplained reasons 5 to 17 times higher than in other countries. Long ago it was noted that intramuscular injections administered during the incubation period of wild-type @entity5 infection increased the risk of @entity1 (a phenomenon known as "provocation" @entity4 ). We conducted a case-control study to explore the association between intramuscular injections and vaccine-associated @entity4 in Romania. METHODS: The @entity0 were 31 young @entity0 in whom vaccine-associated @entity4 developed from 1988 through 1992. Eighteen were vaccine recipients, and 13 had acquired the disease by contact with vaccine recipients. Each of these @entity0 was matched with up to five controls according to health center, age, and in the case of vaccine recipients, history of receipt of the live attenuated oral @entity5 vaccine. Data were abstracted from medical records that documented the injections administered in the 30 days before the onset of @entity3 . RESULTS: Of the 31 @entity0 with vaccine-associated disease, 27 (87 percent) had received one or more intramuscular injections within 30 days before the onset of @entity3 , as compared with 77 of the 151 controls (51 percent) (matched odds ratio, 31.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.0 to 244.2). Nearly all the intramuscular injections were of antibiotics, and the association was strongest for the @entity0 who received 10 or more injections (matched odds ratio for > or = 10 injections as compared with no injections, 182.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 15.2 to 2186.4). The risk of @entity1 was strongly associated with injections given after the oral polio virus vaccine, but not with injections given before or at the same time as the vaccine (matched odds ratio, 56.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 8.9 to infinity). The attributable risk in the population for intramuscular injections given in the 30 days before the onset of @entity3 was 86 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 66 to 95 percent); that is, we estimate that 86 percent of the cases of vaccine-associated @entity4 in this population might have been prevented by the elimination of intramuscular injections within 30 days after exposure to oral @entity5 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Provocation @entity3 , previously described only for wild-type @entity5 infection, may rarely occur in a @entity0 who receives multiple intramuscular injections shortly after exposure to oral @entity5 vaccine, either as a vaccine recipient or through contact with a recent recipient. This phenomenon may explain the high rate of vaccine-associated @entity4 in Romania, where the use of intramuscular injections of antibiotics in @entity0 with @entity2 is common.

title: Intramuscular injections within 30 days of immunization with oral XXXX vaccine--a risk factor for vaccine-associated @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Romania the rate of vaccine-associated @entity4 is for unexplained reasons 5 to 17 times higher than in other countries. Long ago it was noted that intramuscular injections administered during the incubation period of wild-type @entity5 infection increased the risk of @entity1 (a phenomenon known as "provocation" @entity4 ). We conducted a case-control study to explore the association between intramuscular injections and vaccine-associated @entity4 in Romania. METHODS: The @entity0 were 31 young @entity0 in whom vaccine-associated @entity4 developed from 1988 through 1992. Eighteen were vaccine recipients, and 13 had acquired the disease by contact with vaccine recipients. Each of these @entity0 was matched with up to five controls according to health center, age, and in the case of vaccine recipients, history of receipt of the live attenuated oral @entity5 vaccine. Data were abstracted from medical records that documented the injections administered in the 30 days before the onset of @entity3 . RESULTS: Of the 31 @entity0 with vaccine-associated disease, 27 (87 percent) had received one or more intramuscular injections within 30 days before the onset of @entity3 , as compared with 77 of the 151 controls (51 percent) (matched odds ratio, 31.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.0 to 244.2). Nearly all the intramuscular injections were of antibiotics, and the association was strongest for the @entity0 who received 10 or more injections (matched odds ratio for > or = 10 injections as compared with no injections, 182.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 15.2 to 2186.4). The risk of @entity1 was strongly associated with injections given after the oral polio virus vaccine, but not with injections given before or at the same time as the vaccine (matched odds ratio, 56.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 8.9 to infinity). The attributable risk in the population for intramuscular injections given in the 30 days before the onset of @entity3 was 86 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 66 to 95 percent); that is, we estimate that 86 percent of the cases of vaccine-associated @entity4 in this population might have been prevented by the elimination of intramuscular injections within 30 days after exposure to oral @entity5 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Provocation @entity3 , previously described only for wild-type @entity5 infection, may rarely occur in a @entity0 who receives multiple intramuscular injections shortly after exposure to oral @entity5 vaccine, either as a vaccine recipient or through contact with a recent recipient. This phenomenon may explain the high rate of vaccine-associated @entity4 in Romania, where the use of intramuscular injections of antibiotics in @entity0 with @entity2 is common.

title: Intramuscular injections within 30 days of immunization with oral @entity5 vaccine--a risk factor for vaccine-associated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of low dose @entity6 therapy in chronic @entity1 . SETTING: Catharina Hospital and Diaconessenhuis, Eindhoven, and St. Joseph Hospital, Veldhoven. DESIGN: Descriptive. METHOD: From 1988 until 1993 we treated 15 @entity0 16 times (one @entity0 was treated twice) with @entity6 25 mg i.m. once a week during 12 weeks, followed by a tapering oral dose. Our population consisted of 4 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 with a mean age of 31 year. The diagnosis was @entity2 (1 @entity0 ), @entity2 (8), @entity2 (4) and @entity3 (2). The indication for @entity6 was resistance to therapy (9) and @entity4 dependency (7). Retrospectively the disease activity was determined after 1, 2 and 3 months of therapy. RESULTS: The mean defaecation frequency went down from 7 to 2 times daily after 12 weeks, the ESR from 47 to 17 mm/1st hour, the thrombocytes from 436 x 10(9)/l to 325 x 10(9)/l and the @entity5 dose could be lowered from 22 mg to 15 mg after 3 months. In 13/16 treatment cases there was a subjective positive response to @entity6 . Initial response was seen within 4 weeks. No serious side effects were seen. After 10 of the 13 response episodes the disease recurred. CONCLUSION: @entity6 25 mg once a week i.m. was associated with a subjective and objective improvement in 12/15 @entity0 , but the risk of recurrence after tapering appears to be large.

title: [ XXXX as possible treatment in refractory chronic inflammatory intestinal disease].

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plants, due to their remarkable composition, are considered as natural resources of bioactive compounds with specific biological activities. Salvia genus (Lamiaceae) has been used around the world in complementary medicine since ancient times. We investigated the cytotoxic, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects of methanolic Salvia triloba extract (STE) in @entity3 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by XTT; apoptosis was investigated by DNA fragmentation and @entity5 /7 activity assays. Changes in the angiogenic cytokine levels were investigated by human angiogenesis antibody array. Scratch assay was used to determine the cell motility. STE induced @entity2 and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in both @entity0 cells; however, it was not cytotoxic to normal cells. Cell motility was reduced in PC-3, DU-145 and HUVEC cells by STE treatment. @entity12 , @entity14 , @entity6 , EGF, @entity4 and @entity13 levels were significantly decreased by -2.9, -3.7, -1.7, -1.7, -2.0 and -1.8 fold in STE-treated DU-145 cells, however, @entity12 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity9 and @entity1 levels were significantly decreased by -5.1, -2.0, -2.4, -3.1, -1.5, -2.0 and -2.5 fold in PC-3 cells. These data suggest that STE might be a promising candidate for anti- @entity0 and anti-angiogenic treatment of @entity3 .

title: Apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects of Salvia triloba extract in XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure tear flow in renal allograft recipients who received oral @entity1 as immunosuppressive therapy. @entity0 : Control subjects were from the staff of various clinics, dialysis @entity0 were recruited, and one group of kidney transplant recipients took oral @entity1 , whereas another group took @entity3 . Written informed consent was obtained for an institutionally approved protocol. METHODS: A 4-minute Schirmer test with topical anesthetic was performed in both eyes of each @entity0 , and the average score was used in calculations. RESULTS: The tear flow rate was 10.6 mm/4 minutes in the control subjects, 13.6 mm/4 minutes in the dialysis @entity0 , 10.4 mm/4 minutes in kidney transplant recipients taking @entity3 , and 19.0 mm/4 minutes in kidney transplant recipients taking @entity1 . Kidney transplant recipients taking @entity1 had significantly increased tear flow compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05); dialysis @entity0 , kidney transplant recipients taking @entity3 , and control subjects showed statistically indistinguishable tear flow. Within-group comparisons (male versus female, black versus white, and all combinations) showed no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Medications used by dialysis @entity0 or the @entity3 group did not significantly increase tear flow compared with control subjects. The addition of @entity1 (plus @entity2 ) enhanced tear flow in kidney transplant recipients compared with all other groups. Systemic @entity1 appears to increase tear flow even when no lacrimal @entity4 exists.

title: Tear flow in XXXX recipients.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A @entity2 extract of molluscicidal plant secondary compounds from the seeds of a West African legume Millettia thonningii was used to attenuate cercariae of @entity1 prior to infection of NMRI female @entity0 . Exposure of cercariae to 0.3, 0.6, 1.3, 2.5, 10 or 20 mg/l concentrations of extract for 30 min, immediately before standardized infection, was associated with a concentration-dependent decline in worm establishment at 55 days post-infection. The mean numbers of adult worms established declined from about 17 worms/ @entity0 with control cercariae and those exposed to 0.3 mg/l Millettia to 0.1 worms/ @entity0 after 10 mg/l pre-treatment. @entity0 exposed to cercariae after 20 mg/l pre-treatment had no adult worms at 55 days post-infection. The activities of cercariae 30 min after exposure to Millettia extract at concentrations up to 2.5 mg/l were similar to those of control larvae: none was immobile. Exposure to higher concentrations of Millettia progressively reduced swimming activity and increased the proportion of immobile cercariae. After pretreatment with 20 mg/l Millettia the majority of larvae were immobile. Levels of anti-parasite antibodies (estimated by ELISA assay using an adult worm-based antigen preparation) rose between 21 and 55 days p.i. with control cercariae and those pre-treated with 2.5 mg/l Millettia. After 5 mg/l pre-treatment, cercariae induced a reduced antibody rise, while @entity0 exposed to cercariae after 10 mg/l pre-treatment showed no rise in anti-parasite antibody levels. These results are discussed in the context of protocols which could possibly use Millettia-attenuated cercariae to induce useful levels of protection in @entity0 towards further cercarial challenge.

title: Attenuation of XXXX cercariae with a molluscicide derived from Millettia thonningii.

answer: @entity1