abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1 plays important roles in influencing reproduction. All key members of this axis including growth hormone (GH, gh), GH receptors (ghra and ghrb), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs, @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 ) and IGF receptors ( @entity6 and @entity7 ) were detected in the @entity0 ovary. GH was exclusively expressed in the full-grown oocytes, while its receptors were detectable in both the follicle cells and oocytes. The IGFs and their receptors were all expressed in both compartments except @entity4 , which was expressed in the follicle cells only. During folliculogenesis, there was a sharp decrease of gh expression at follicle activation; however, the expression of its receptors increased significantly. The expression profiles of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity5 were similar to that of fshr, whereas @entity4 expression was close to lhcgr, suggesting differential roles for different forms of IGFs in follicle development. To examine if the ovarian GH-IGF system is regulated by gonadotropins (e.g., hCG) and GH, we performed in vitro experiments using cultured @entity0 follicle cells. The expression of @entity2 and @entity6 , but not others, was down-regulated by hCG (LH analog), whereas recombinant @entity0 GH stimulated @entity2 expression. In addition, GH also increased the expression of activin bA subunit (inhbaa). In agreement with this, the stimulatory effect of GH but not @entity2 on oocyte maturation could be abolished by follistatin. In conclusion, the present study revealed an intrafollicular network involving GH-IGF mini-axis in the @entity0 ovary; however, it might not work in the same way as that of the systemic @entity1 .

title: Expression and functional characterization of intrafollicular GH-IGF system in the XXXX ovary.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation are potent risk factors for suicide and are associated with general and @entity2 -specific psychopathology. Limited research has examined the effects of combined NSSI+suicidal ideation thus concurrent examination is needed to understand potential differential effects on psychopathology. College-aged @entity0 (N=508) completed self-report measures of NSSI, suicidal ideation, general psychopathology, and Eating Disorder-specific psychopathology. MANOVAs determined whether the NSSI/SI status groups differed on general and @entity2 pathology measures as a set. Significant MANOVAs were followed up with univariate ANOVAs and posthoc tests. Thirteen @entity0 endorsed NSSI+Suicidal Ideation, 70 endorsed NSSI-only, 25 endorsed Suicidal Ideation-only, and 400 endorsed no NSSI/Suicidal Ideation. Both general and @entity2 -specific psychopathology differed across groups. NSSI+Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Ideation-only groups typically endorsed higher general psychopathology than the no NSSI/Suicidal Ideation and NSSI-only groups. Regarding @entity2 pathology, the NSSI+Suicidal Ideation group was more pathological than no NSSI/Suicidal Ideation and NSSI-only, except on the weight concerns scale, where NSSI+Suicidal Ideation only differed from no NSSI/Suicidal Ideation. The NSSI+Suicidal Ideation group was only greater than Suicidal Ideation-only on measures of @entity1 and eating concern. Results highlight the importance of screening for both NSSI and suicidal ideation, especially for individuals with @entity2 symptoms. Likewise, screening for @entity2 pathology may be beneficial for individuals presenting with NSSI and suicidal ideation.

title: Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation in relation to eating and general psychopathology among college-age XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Simple @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are relatively frequent and often asymptomatic. When symptomatic, surgery is recommended. Most @entity0 can be treated with laparoscopic deroofing. However, recurrence rate varies greatly, and there is no consensus on the optimal approach for symptomatic recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on 33 @entity0 surgically treated for symptomatic simple @entity1 was performed. Recurrence was considered only when symptomatic. RESULTS: Most @entity0 were initially submitted to laparoscopic deroofing. Symptomatic recurrence was found in five @entity0 treated with laparoscopic deroofing. Specific location of the cysts was a common characteristic. In three cases, recurrence was unsuccessfully treated with open deroofing, and @entity0 were submitted to resection. Open deroofing does not offer any advantage in terms of recurrence in comparison with laparoscopic deroofing. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic deroofing can be proposed for symptomatic recurrent cysts, except for cysts located in S4, S7 and S8, where recurrence rates are higher and complete resection should be undertaken.

title: Technical challenges in treating recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The combined results of extended clinical trials conducted in two centers following successful laboratory trials are evaluated. From a population of 4,777 @entity0 who underwent open heart surgery, 205 high-risk @entity0 were selected for study. One hundred seventy @entity0 (3.6 percent) were given @entity2 in cardioplegic solution. The remaining 35 @entity0 served as control subjects and were compared with 39 treated @entity0 in the randomized subset of 74. One third of the @entity0 underwent valve replacement, one quarter underwent coronary artery bypass, and 40 percent underwent combinations of valve replacement, coronary artery bypass, and other procedures. Characteristically, the third group had a 50 percent increase in end-diastolic volumes and low cardiac indexes (1.7 +/- 0.1 liters/minute/m2). Average cross-clamp time was 77 minutes. At one center, an extracellular hyperkalemic-type solution was used to deliver an average dose of 407 +/- 22 micrograms @entity2 per @entity0 . At the other center, a low- @entity5 hyperkalemic solution was used, and the average @entity2 dose was 476 +/- 22 micrograms. Hemodynamic studies in the randomized subset demonstrated approximately a twofold improvement in the treated group in cardiac index, @entity1 volume, @entity1 work index, and pulmonary vascular resistance following cardiopulmonary bypass. The incidence of acute @entity4 was 4 percent versus 11 percent in the control group. Survival for all treated @entity0 was 86 percent. It is concluded that the addition of @entity2 reduced the incidence of @entity3 in the immediate postoperative interval.

title: Use of XXXX during cardiac surgery for improved myocardial protection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Continuous infusion of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) and intermittent infusion of @entity1 (IIV) are two major administration strategies in clinical settings. However, previous articles comparing the efficacy and safety of @entity2 versus IIV showed inconsistent results. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity2 and IIV. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to June 2015 were searched using the keywords ' @entity1 ', 'intravenous', 'parenteral', 'continuous', 'intermittent', 'discontinuous', 'infusion', 'administration' and 'dosing'. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Neither heterogeneity nor publication bias were observed. @entity0 treated with @entity2 had a significantly lower incidence of nephrotoxicity compared with @entity0 receiving IIV [risk ratio (RR)=0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.80; P<0.001]. No significant difference in treatment failure between the two groups was detected. Mortality between @entity0 receiving @entity2 and @entity0 receiving IIV was similar (RR=1.15, 95% CI 0.85-1.54; P=0.365). This meta-analysis showed that @entity2 had superior safety compared with IIV, whilst the clinical efficacy was not significantly different. A further multicentre, randomised controlled trial is required to confirm these results.

title: Continuous versus intermittent infusion of XXXX in adult @entity0 : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Continuous infusion of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) and intermittent infusion of @entity1 (IIV) are two major administration strategies in clinical settings. However, previous articles comparing the efficacy and safety of @entity2 versus IIV showed inconsistent results. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity2 and IIV. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to June 2015 were searched using the keywords ' @entity1 ', 'intravenous', 'parenteral', 'continuous', 'intermittent', 'discontinuous', 'infusion', 'administration' and 'dosing'. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Neither heterogeneity nor publication bias were observed. @entity0 treated with @entity2 had a significantly lower incidence of nephrotoxicity compared with @entity0 receiving IIV [risk ratio (RR)=0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.80; P<0.001]. No significant difference in treatment failure between the two groups was detected. Mortality between @entity0 receiving @entity2 and @entity0 receiving IIV was similar (RR=1.15, 95% CI 0.85-1.54; P=0.365). This meta-analysis showed that @entity2 had superior safety compared with IIV, whilst the clinical efficacy was not significantly different. A further multicentre, randomised controlled trial is required to confirm these results.

title: Continuous versus intermittent infusion of @entity1 in adult XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the first cases of salvage radiotherapy (RT) using the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) targeted on @entity4 positron emission tomography (PET) uptake in a local recurrent @entity2 , after a radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Four @entity0 received salvage irradiation for biochemical relapse that occurred after the initial radical prostatectomy. The relapse occurred from 10 months to 6 years with PSA levels ranging from 2.35 to 4.86   ng   ml(-1). For each @entity0 , an @entity5 PET-CT showed a focal @entity4 uptake in prostatic fossa, with standardized uptake value calculated on the basis of predicted lean body mass (SUL) max of 3.3-6.8. No involved lymph node or distant metastases were diagnosed. IMRT doses were of 62.7   Gy (1.9   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions), with a SIB of 69.3   Gy (2.1   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions) to a PET-guided target volume. RESULTS: Acute @entity1 were limited. We observed no @entity3 >= grade 2 and only one grade 2 genitourinary @entity1 . At 1-month follow-up evaluation, no complication and a decrease in PSA level (6.8-43.8% of the pre-therapeutic level) were reported. After 4 months, a decrease in PSA level was obtained for all the @entity0 , ranging from 30% to 70%. At a median follow-up of 15 months, PSA level was controlled for all the @entity0 , but one of them experienced a distant lymph node recurrence. CONCLUSION: Salvage irradiation to the prostate bed with SIB guided by PET-CT is feasible, with biological efficacy and no major acute @entity1 . Advances in knowledge: IMRT with PET-oriented SIB for salvage treatment of @entity2 is possible, without major acute @entity1 .

title: Intensity-modulated salvage radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for local recurrence of @entity2 : a pilot study on the place of PET- XXXX for guiding target volume delineation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the first cases of salvage radiotherapy (RT) using the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) targeted on @entity4 positron emission tomography (PET) uptake in a local recurrent @entity2 , after a radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Four @entity0 received salvage irradiation for biochemical relapse that occurred after the initial radical prostatectomy. The relapse occurred from 10 months to 6 years with PSA levels ranging from 2.35 to 4.86   ng   ml(-1). For each @entity0 , an @entity5 PET-CT showed a focal @entity4 uptake in prostatic fossa, with standardized uptake value calculated on the basis of predicted lean body mass (SUL) max of 3.3-6.8. No involved lymph node or distant metastases were diagnosed. IMRT doses were of 62.7   Gy (1.9   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions), with a SIB of 69.3   Gy (2.1   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions) to a PET-guided target volume. RESULTS: Acute @entity1 were limited. We observed no @entity3 >= grade 2 and only one grade 2 genitourinary @entity1 . At 1-month follow-up evaluation, no complication and a decrease in PSA level (6.8-43.8% of the pre-therapeutic level) were reported. After 4 months, a decrease in PSA level was obtained for all the @entity0 , ranging from 30% to 70%. At a median follow-up of 15 months, PSA level was controlled for all the @entity0 , but one of them experienced a distant lymph node recurrence. CONCLUSION: Salvage irradiation to the prostate bed with SIB guided by PET-CT is feasible, with biological efficacy and no major acute @entity1 . Advances in knowledge: IMRT with PET-oriented SIB for salvage treatment of @entity2 is possible, without major acute @entity1 .

title: Intensity-modulated salvage radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for local recurrence of XXXX : a pilot study on the place of PET- @entity4 for guiding target volume delineation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate ALIMTA (pemetrexed disodium, @entity4 ), a multi-targeted antifolate with first-line activity against @entity3 ( @entity3 ), in a second-line setting. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity3 were eligible for this phase II study if they had progressive disease within 3 months after first-line chemotherapy or progression while being treated with first-line chemotherapy. In 81 @entity0 studied, two cohorts of @entity0 were assigned based on whether the first-line therapy had included a @entity2 regimen. ALIMTA was administered at 500 mg/m2 by 10-min intravenous infusion once every 21 days. RESULTS: The response rate in the 79 evaluable @entity0 with poor prognostic features was 8.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6% to 15.1%]. The response rate in the @entity2 -pretreated group was 4.5% and 14.1% in the non- @entity2 -pretreated group. The median duration of response was 6.8 months (95% CI 3.4-7.8 months, 0% censoring). The median survival time was 5.7 months (95% CI 4.0-8.3 months, 7.6% censoring). The probability of survival for at least 6 months was estimated to be 48%. The median time to disease progression was 2 months (95% CI 1.4-2.8 months, 0% censoring). The principal @entity1 was myelosuppression, which was reversible. CONCLUSIONS: ALIMTA is active in a second-line setting in non- @entity2 -pretreated @entity3 @entity0 progressing within 3 months of first-line chemotherapy. This study demonstrates that it is possible to evaluate new drugs against @entity3 in a second-line setting.

title: ALIMTA (pemetrexed disodium) as second-line treatment of XXXX : a phase II study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Exercise therapy is a common intervention for improving postural stability. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of exercise therapy on postural instability in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) based on the available literature, and to evaluate the efficacy across various types of exercise interventions. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: In January 2015, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PEDro) and study reference lists were searched for randomized controlled trials with moderate or high methodological quality (PEDro score >=  5), investigating the effect of exercise on postural instability in @entity0 with @entity1 . DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Three reviewers extracted data and assessed quality. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Postural stability as measured using the Berg Balance Scale, postural sway, Timed Up and Go, or Functional Reach test. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-two trials, with a total of 1072 @entity0 , were eligible for inclusion. The pooled estimates of effects showed @entity3 ( @entity4 , 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10-0.36; P < 0.001) after exercise therapy, in comparison with no exercise or sham treatment. Exercise interventions specifically addressing components of @entity2 demonstrated the largest efficacy, with moderate to high effect sizes ( @entity4 , 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.66; P < 0.001). Little or no beneficial effects were observed for interventions not specifically targeted at postural stability ( @entity4 , 0.20; 95% CI -0.04 to 0.44; P = 0.11) or for home-based, multicomponent exercise programs ( @entity4 , 0.02; 95% CI -0.20 to 0.25; P = 0.86). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Exercise therapies specifically addressing @entity2 are an important treatment option for improving postural stability in @entity0 with @entity1 . Future studies should investigate sustainability of the short-term effects and establish the dose-response relationship of balance training in @entity0 with @entity1 .Video abstract available for additional insights from the authors (see Video, @entity5 , http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A121).

title: Effects of Exercise Therapy on Postural Instability in XXXX : A Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: With increasing numbers of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), it is important to identify noninvasive methods of detecting disease activity. The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of fecal rapid calprotectin (FC) testing in the detection of endoscopically active @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: All consecutive @entity0 presenting to outpatient clinics with @entity4 were prospectively recruited. @entity0 provided FC samples. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value ( @entity6 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) for FC were calculated. Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve was used to identify the ideal FC cutoff that predicts @entity3 activity. Correlation between FC and @entity3 activity, disease location, and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) levels were measured. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six @entity0 , of whom 52% were females, were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 44.4    16.7 years. Comparing FC to endoscopic findings, the following results were calculated: A cutoff point of 100  g/g showed Sn = 83%, Sp = 67%, @entity6 = 65%, and NPV = 85%; and 200  g/g showed Sn = 66%, Sp = 82%, @entity6 = 73%, and NPV = 77%. Based on ROC curve, the best FC cutoff point to predict @entity3 activity was 140  g/g. Using this reference, FC levels strongly correlated with @entity1 and predicted endoscopic activity. CONCLUSIONS: FC is an accurate test when used as an initial screening tool for @entity0 suspected of having active @entity2 . Given its noninvasive nature, it may prove to reduce the need for colonoscopy and be an added tool in the management of @entity2 .

title: Rapid fecal calprotectin testing to assess for XXXX activity in @entity2 : A diagnostic cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: With increasing numbers of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), it is important to identify noninvasive methods of detecting disease activity. The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of fecal rapid calprotectin (FC) testing in the detection of endoscopically active @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: All consecutive @entity0 presenting to outpatient clinics with @entity4 were prospectively recruited. @entity0 provided FC samples. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value ( @entity6 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) for FC were calculated. Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve was used to identify the ideal FC cutoff that predicts @entity3 activity. Correlation between FC and @entity3 activity, disease location, and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) levels were measured. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six @entity0 , of whom 52% were females, were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 44.4    16.7 years. Comparing FC to endoscopic findings, the following results were calculated: A cutoff point of 100  g/g showed Sn = 83%, Sp = 67%, @entity6 = 65%, and NPV = 85%; and 200  g/g showed Sn = 66%, Sp = 82%, @entity6 = 73%, and NPV = 77%. Based on ROC curve, the best FC cutoff point to predict @entity3 activity was 140  g/g. Using this reference, FC levels strongly correlated with @entity1 and predicted endoscopic activity. CONCLUSIONS: FC is an accurate test when used as an initial screening tool for @entity0 suspected of having active @entity2 . Given its noninvasive nature, it may prove to reduce the need for colonoscopy and be an added tool in the management of @entity2 .

title: Rapid fecal calprotectin testing to assess for @entity3 activity in XXXX : A diagnostic cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a case control study of over 12 000 inpatients aged 35-74, risk of @entity1 , chronic @entity5 , and, particularly in those aged 35-54, @entity4 was positively associated with the number of manufactured cigarettes smoked daily and was negatively associated with long term giving up. Risk of @entity2 was not clearly related to smoking. Among manufactured cigarette smokers, @entity1 risk tended to be lowest in those who had always smoked filter cigarettes. This pattern was, however, evident only in @entity0 who additionally smoked pipes, cigars or handrolled cigarettes and in @entity0 , not being seen in @entity0 who smoked only manufactured cigarettes. @entity1 was not clearly related to time of switch to filter cigarettes. A markedly lower risk of chronic @entity5 was seen in @entity0 , but not @entity0 , who smoked filter rather than plain cigarettes. @entity4 risk did not vary by type of cigarette smoked 10 years before admission, but, compared with those who had never smoked filter cigarettes, those who had ever smoked filter cigarettes had a higher risk in @entity0 and a lower risk in younger @entity0 . Compared with the general population, markedly more controls were ex-smokers, suggesting @entity3 , whether or not smoking related, may alter smoking habits, thus affecting the interpretability of the findings. Control smokers were also relatively much more likely to report smoking plain cigarettes than expected. This comparison, not made in other studies relating risk to type of cigarette smoked, indicates that great care must be taken in verifying validity of reported smoking habits. While our findings are compatible with other evidence that risk of @entity1 and chronic @entity5 is probably reduced by switching from plain to filter cigarettes, they underline the difficulties in obtaining valid evidence from epidemiological studies.

title: Risks of XXXX , chronic @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity2 in relation to type of cigarette smoked.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a case control study of over 12 000 inpatients aged 35-74, risk of @entity1 , chronic @entity5 , and, particularly in those aged 35-54, @entity4 was positively associated with the number of manufactured cigarettes smoked daily and was negatively associated with long term giving up. Risk of @entity2 was not clearly related to smoking. Among manufactured cigarette smokers, @entity1 risk tended to be lowest in those who had always smoked filter cigarettes. This pattern was, however, evident only in @entity0 who additionally smoked pipes, cigars or handrolled cigarettes and in @entity0 , not being seen in @entity0 who smoked only manufactured cigarettes. @entity1 was not clearly related to time of switch to filter cigarettes. A markedly lower risk of chronic @entity5 was seen in @entity0 , but not @entity0 , who smoked filter rather than plain cigarettes. @entity4 risk did not vary by type of cigarette smoked 10 years before admission, but, compared with those who had never smoked filter cigarettes, those who had ever smoked filter cigarettes had a higher risk in @entity0 and a lower risk in younger @entity0 . Compared with the general population, markedly more controls were ex-smokers, suggesting @entity3 , whether or not smoking related, may alter smoking habits, thus affecting the interpretability of the findings. Control smokers were also relatively much more likely to report smoking plain cigarettes than expected. This comparison, not made in other studies relating risk to type of cigarette smoked, indicates that great care must be taken in verifying validity of reported smoking habits. While our findings are compatible with other evidence that risk of @entity1 and chronic @entity5 is probably reduced by switching from plain to filter cigarettes, they underline the difficulties in obtaining valid evidence from epidemiological studies.

title: Risks of @entity1 , chronic @entity5 , @entity4 , and XXXX in relation to type of cigarette smoked.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a case control study of over 12 000 inpatients aged 35-74, risk of @entity1 , chronic @entity5 , and, particularly in those aged 35-54, @entity4 was positively associated with the number of manufactured cigarettes smoked daily and was negatively associated with long term giving up. Risk of @entity2 was not clearly related to smoking. Among manufactured cigarette smokers, @entity1 risk tended to be lowest in those who had always smoked filter cigarettes. This pattern was, however, evident only in @entity0 who additionally smoked pipes, cigars or handrolled cigarettes and in @entity0 , not being seen in @entity0 who smoked only manufactured cigarettes. @entity1 was not clearly related to time of switch to filter cigarettes. A markedly lower risk of chronic @entity5 was seen in @entity0 , but not @entity0 , who smoked filter rather than plain cigarettes. @entity4 risk did not vary by type of cigarette smoked 10 years before admission, but, compared with those who had never smoked filter cigarettes, those who had ever smoked filter cigarettes had a higher risk in @entity0 and a lower risk in younger @entity0 . Compared with the general population, markedly more controls were ex-smokers, suggesting @entity3 , whether or not smoking related, may alter smoking habits, thus affecting the interpretability of the findings. Control smokers were also relatively much more likely to report smoking plain cigarettes than expected. This comparison, not made in other studies relating risk to type of cigarette smoked, indicates that great care must be taken in verifying validity of reported smoking habits. While our findings are compatible with other evidence that risk of @entity1 and chronic @entity5 is probably reduced by switching from plain to filter cigarettes, they underline the difficulties in obtaining valid evidence from epidemiological studies.

title: Risks of @entity1 , chronic @entity5 , XXXX , and @entity2 in relation to type of cigarette smoked.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a case control study of over 12 000 inpatients aged 35-74, risk of @entity1 , chronic @entity5 , and, particularly in those aged 35-54, @entity4 was positively associated with the number of manufactured cigarettes smoked daily and was negatively associated with long term giving up. Risk of @entity2 was not clearly related to smoking. Among manufactured cigarette smokers, @entity1 risk tended to be lowest in those who had always smoked filter cigarettes. This pattern was, however, evident only in @entity0 who additionally smoked pipes, cigars or handrolled cigarettes and in @entity0 , not being seen in @entity0 who smoked only manufactured cigarettes. @entity1 was not clearly related to time of switch to filter cigarettes. A markedly lower risk of chronic @entity5 was seen in @entity0 , but not @entity0 , who smoked filter rather than plain cigarettes. @entity4 risk did not vary by type of cigarette smoked 10 years before admission, but, compared with those who had never smoked filter cigarettes, those who had ever smoked filter cigarettes had a higher risk in @entity0 and a lower risk in younger @entity0 . Compared with the general population, markedly more controls were ex-smokers, suggesting @entity3 , whether or not smoking related, may alter smoking habits, thus affecting the interpretability of the findings. Control smokers were also relatively much more likely to report smoking plain cigarettes than expected. This comparison, not made in other studies relating risk to type of cigarette smoked, indicates that great care must be taken in verifying validity of reported smoking habits. While our findings are compatible with other evidence that risk of @entity1 and chronic @entity5 is probably reduced by switching from plain to filter cigarettes, they underline the difficulties in obtaining valid evidence from epidemiological studies.

title: Risks of @entity1 , chronic XXXX , @entity4 , and @entity2 in relation to type of cigarette smoked.

answer: @entity5


abstract: ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)12 and @entity3 are multidomain transmembrane proteins involved in ectodomain shedding of cytokines, growth factors and adhesion molecules, with pivotal activities in the @entity1 microenvironment. The aim of this study was to confirm the up-regulation of @entity3 and @entity4 gene splicing variants in @entity0 and to delineate their expression between laser-capture microdissected (LCM) and non-microdissected @entity0 . The gene expression was analyzed by quantitative-reverse transcription-PCR in a total sample of 109 @entity0 paired with corresponding non-neoplastic breast tissues. @entity4 and 17 proteins expression for corresponding tissue samples was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. ADAM12S, 12L and 17 genes were significantly up-regulated in either malign or benign LCM samples when compared to non- @entity1 controls. For non-LCM samples, it was obtained also an increased expression for @entity4 and 17 genes in @entity1 , while in @entity1 only @entity4 variants were significantly up-regulated compared to controls. When benign versus malignant @entity1 were compared, in LCM samples all investigated genes displayed a higher expression in @entity1 , whereas in non-LCM, @entity4 variants were overexpressed in benign samples. The increased expression of @entity4 protein in the @entity1 cells and stroma of @entity2 was immunohistochemically confirmed. These differences between LCM and non-LCM samples were explained by the contribution of the stroma to the expression of this marker. This study underlines the accuracy conferred by homogenous LCM samples on gene expression profiles and confers further evidence regarding the role of @entity4 and 17 in the breast tumorigenesis and progression.

title: @entity4 and XXXX gene expression in laser-capture microdissected and non-microdissected @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)12 and @entity3 are multidomain transmembrane proteins involved in ectodomain shedding of cytokines, growth factors and adhesion molecules, with pivotal activities in the @entity1 microenvironment. The aim of this study was to confirm the up-regulation of @entity3 and @entity4 gene splicing variants in @entity0 and to delineate their expression between laser-capture microdissected (LCM) and non-microdissected @entity0 . The gene expression was analyzed by quantitative-reverse transcription-PCR in a total sample of 109 @entity0 paired with corresponding non-neoplastic breast tissues. @entity4 and 17 proteins expression for corresponding tissue samples was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. ADAM12S, 12L and 17 genes were significantly up-regulated in either malign or benign LCM samples when compared to non- @entity1 controls. For non-LCM samples, it was obtained also an increased expression for @entity4 and 17 genes in @entity1 , while in @entity1 only @entity4 variants were significantly up-regulated compared to controls. When benign versus malignant @entity1 were compared, in LCM samples all investigated genes displayed a higher expression in @entity1 , whereas in non-LCM, @entity4 variants were overexpressed in benign samples. The increased expression of @entity4 protein in the @entity1 cells and stroma of @entity2 was immunohistochemically confirmed. These differences between LCM and non-LCM samples were explained by the contribution of the stroma to the expression of this marker. This study underlines the accuracy conferred by homogenous LCM samples on gene expression profiles and confers further evidence regarding the role of @entity4 and 17 in the breast tumorigenesis and progression.

title: @entity4 and @entity3 gene expression in laser-capture microdissected and non-microdissected XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)12 and @entity3 are multidomain transmembrane proteins involved in ectodomain shedding of cytokines, growth factors and adhesion molecules, with pivotal activities in the @entity1 microenvironment. The aim of this study was to confirm the up-regulation of @entity3 and @entity4 gene splicing variants in @entity0 and to delineate their expression between laser-capture microdissected (LCM) and non-microdissected @entity0 . The gene expression was analyzed by quantitative-reverse transcription-PCR in a total sample of 109 @entity0 paired with corresponding non-neoplastic breast tissues. @entity4 and 17 proteins expression for corresponding tissue samples was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. ADAM12S, 12L and 17 genes were significantly up-regulated in either malign or benign LCM samples when compared to non- @entity1 controls. For non-LCM samples, it was obtained also an increased expression for @entity4 and 17 genes in @entity1 , while in @entity1 only @entity4 variants were significantly up-regulated compared to controls. When benign versus malignant @entity1 were compared, in LCM samples all investigated genes displayed a higher expression in @entity1 , whereas in non-LCM, @entity4 variants were overexpressed in benign samples. The increased expression of @entity4 protein in the @entity1 cells and stroma of @entity2 was immunohistochemically confirmed. These differences between LCM and non-LCM samples were explained by the contribution of the stroma to the expression of this marker. This study underlines the accuracy conferred by homogenous LCM samples on gene expression profiles and confers further evidence regarding the role of @entity4 and 17 in the breast tumorigenesis and progression.

title: XXXX and @entity3 gene expression in laser-capture microdissected and non-microdissected @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and a history of @entity3 and @entity2 . She had been treated with conventional antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs for 10 and 3 years, respectively. However, she continued to experience occasional @entity4 and paroxysmal jerking of the extremities. @entity7 500 mg b.i.d. (later reduced to 250 mg t.i.d.) was added to her regimen. @entity4 and @entity2 stopped shortly. Over the course of approximately 1 year, the previous medications were discontinued without recurrence of @entity3 and @entity1 symptoms. Eventually, improved mental functions and behaviour enabled her transition from living in a licensed residential facility to sharing a private residence with a partner. @entity5 is associated with haploinsufficiency of @entity6 -methyltransferase, leading to excessive extraneuronal @entity6 concentrations. Alpha-Methyldopa inhibits @entity6 neurotransmission in a variety of ways. It is possible that the drug compensated for genetically disturbed @entity6 transmission thus achieving beneficial effects in this case.

title: Replacement of antipsychotic and antiepileptic medication by @entity7 in a @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and a history of @entity3 and @entity2 . She had been treated with conventional antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs for 10 and 3 years, respectively. However, she continued to experience occasional @entity4 and paroxysmal jerking of the extremities. @entity7 500 mg b.i.d. (later reduced to 250 mg t.i.d.) was added to her regimen. @entity4 and @entity2 stopped shortly. Over the course of approximately 1 year, the previous medications were discontinued without recurrence of @entity3 and @entity1 symptoms. Eventually, improved mental functions and behaviour enabled her transition from living in a licensed residential facility to sharing a private residence with a partner. @entity5 is associated with haploinsufficiency of @entity6 -methyltransferase, leading to excessive extraneuronal @entity6 concentrations. Alpha-Methyldopa inhibits @entity6 neurotransmission in a variety of ways. It is possible that the drug compensated for genetically disturbed @entity6 transmission thus achieving beneficial effects in this case.

title: Replacement of antipsychotic and antiepileptic medication by XXXX in a @entity0 with @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and a history of @entity3 and @entity2 . She had been treated with conventional antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs for 10 and 3 years, respectively. However, she continued to experience occasional @entity4 and paroxysmal jerking of the extremities. @entity7 500 mg b.i.d. (later reduced to 250 mg t.i.d.) was added to her regimen. @entity4 and @entity2 stopped shortly. Over the course of approximately 1 year, the previous medications were discontinued without recurrence of @entity3 and @entity1 symptoms. Eventually, improved mental functions and behaviour enabled her transition from living in a licensed residential facility to sharing a private residence with a partner. @entity5 is associated with haploinsufficiency of @entity6 -methyltransferase, leading to excessive extraneuronal @entity6 concentrations. Alpha-Methyldopa inhibits @entity6 neurotransmission in a variety of ways. It is possible that the drug compensated for genetically disturbed @entity6 transmission thus achieving beneficial effects in this case.

title: Replacement of antipsychotic and antiepileptic medication by @entity7 in a XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: These experiments examine the role of @entity6 (T4) and @entity5 (T3) on the @entity1 of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The first experiment is continuation of a study reported previously (Rozman et al., 1984). In this experiment, 60 male @entity0 were divided into 6 equal groups. Four groups of @entity0 were thyroidectomized by 3 mCi Na131 l/kg @entity0 . Five weeks later 2 of the thyroidectomized and 1 of the nonthyroidectomized groups of @entity0 received ip 100 micrograms @entity3 /kg body weight in @entity7 oil/ @entity4 , whereas 3 corresponding groups of @entity0 served as vehicle controls. Two days after dosing and every 7 d thereafter, 1 thyroidectomized control group and 1 thyroidectomized @entity3 -dosed group were given ip 105 micrograms T4/kg body weight. Mortality and body weight were monitored. The course of @entity3 @entity1 was similar in nonthyroidectomized and thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity0 but was different in thyroidectomized animals without T4 replacement therapy. At d 90 after @entity3 dosage, mortality was still lower and the mean time to death was increased (p less than 0.01) in this group of @entity0 compared to nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity0 . However, administration of T4 starting at d 91 after dosing with @entity3 resulted within 2 wk in the same final mortality in thyroidectomized @entity0 as in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated animals, indicating that thyroid hormones modulate the time course of the @entity8 but do not affect the ultimate mortality figure. Body @entity2 was much slower in thyroidectomized (approximately 1 g/d) than in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity0 (approximately 8 g/d). In the second experiment the three vehicle control groups of the first experiment were used. Nonthyroidectomized vehicle controls and thyroidectomized T4-treated controls were maintained as before, whereas thyroidectomized controls received T3 at 5 micrograms/kg daily. One month later each @entity0 was dosed with @entity3 at 100 micrograms/kg in @entity7 oil/ @entity4 . @entity1 of @entity3 was similar in nonthyroidectomized, thyroidectomized T4-treated, and thyroidectomized T3-treated @entity0 as judged by mortality, body weight, and food intake, indicating no difference between T3 and T4 in the modulation of @entity3 @entity1 .

title: Thyroid hormones modulate the XXXX of @entity3 ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: These experiments examine the role of @entity6 (T4) and @entity5 (T3) on the @entity1 of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The first experiment is continuation of a study reported previously (Rozman et al., 1984). In this experiment, 60 male @entity0 were divided into 6 equal groups. Four groups of @entity0 were thyroidectomized by 3 mCi Na131 l/kg @entity0 . Five weeks later 2 of the thyroidectomized and 1 of the nonthyroidectomized groups of @entity0 received ip 100 micrograms @entity3 /kg body weight in @entity7 oil/ @entity4 , whereas 3 corresponding groups of @entity0 served as vehicle controls. Two days after dosing and every 7 d thereafter, 1 thyroidectomized control group and 1 thyroidectomized @entity3 -dosed group were given ip 105 micrograms T4/kg body weight. Mortality and body weight were monitored. The course of @entity3 @entity1 was similar in nonthyroidectomized and thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity0 but was different in thyroidectomized animals without T4 replacement therapy. At d 90 after @entity3 dosage, mortality was still lower and the mean time to death was increased (p less than 0.01) in this group of @entity0 compared to nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity0 . However, administration of T4 starting at d 91 after dosing with @entity3 resulted within 2 wk in the same final mortality in thyroidectomized @entity0 as in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated animals, indicating that thyroid hormones modulate the time course of the @entity8 but do not affect the ultimate mortality figure. Body @entity2 was much slower in thyroidectomized (approximately 1 g/d) than in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity0 (approximately 8 g/d). In the second experiment the three vehicle control groups of the first experiment were used. Nonthyroidectomized vehicle controls and thyroidectomized T4-treated controls were maintained as before, whereas thyroidectomized controls received T3 at 5 micrograms/kg daily. One month later each @entity0 was dosed with @entity3 at 100 micrograms/kg in @entity7 oil/ @entity4 . @entity1 of @entity3 was similar in nonthyroidectomized, thyroidectomized T4-treated, and thyroidectomized T3-treated @entity0 as judged by mortality, body weight, and food intake, indicating no difference between T3 and T4 in the modulation of @entity3 @entity1 .

title: Thyroid hormones modulate the @entity1 of XXXX ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: These experiments examine the role of @entity6 (T4) and @entity5 (T3) on the @entity1 of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The first experiment is continuation of a study reported previously (Rozman et al., 1984). In this experiment, 60 male @entity0 were divided into 6 equal groups. Four groups of @entity0 were thyroidectomized by 3 mCi Na131 l/kg @entity0 . Five weeks later 2 of the thyroidectomized and 1 of the nonthyroidectomized groups of @entity0 received ip 100 micrograms @entity3 /kg body weight in @entity7 oil/ @entity4 , whereas 3 corresponding groups of @entity0 served as vehicle controls. Two days after dosing and every 7 d thereafter, 1 thyroidectomized control group and 1 thyroidectomized @entity3 -dosed group were given ip 105 micrograms T4/kg body weight. Mortality and body weight were monitored. The course of @entity3 @entity1 was similar in nonthyroidectomized and thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity0 but was different in thyroidectomized animals without T4 replacement therapy. At d 90 after @entity3 dosage, mortality was still lower and the mean time to death was increased (p less than 0.01) in this group of @entity0 compared to nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity0 . However, administration of T4 starting at d 91 after dosing with @entity3 resulted within 2 wk in the same final mortality in thyroidectomized @entity0 as in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated animals, indicating that thyroid hormones modulate the time course of the @entity8 but do not affect the ultimate mortality figure. Body @entity2 was much slower in thyroidectomized (approximately 1 g/d) than in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity0 (approximately 8 g/d). In the second experiment the three vehicle control groups of the first experiment were used. Nonthyroidectomized vehicle controls and thyroidectomized T4-treated controls were maintained as before, whereas thyroidectomized controls received T3 at 5 micrograms/kg daily. One month later each @entity0 was dosed with @entity3 at 100 micrograms/kg in @entity7 oil/ @entity4 . @entity1 of @entity3 was similar in nonthyroidectomized, thyroidectomized T4-treated, and thyroidectomized T3-treated @entity0 as judged by mortality, body weight, and food intake, indicating no difference between T3 and T4 in the modulation of @entity3 @entity1 .

title: Thyroid hormones modulate the @entity1 of @entity3 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) in the treatment of @entity1 has improved survival rates and decreased recurrence. Our objective was to analyse perioperative data as well as the results of the follow-up examination. Risk-factors for local recurrence should be identified since the indication for adjuvant therapy in "optimal surgery" has to be redefined. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between March 1997 and December 2001, 108 @entity0 with @entity3 of the lower and middle rectum were operated on by three surgeons according to the concept of total mesorectal excision. In 75 (69.4%) @entity0 ,a lower anterior resection and in 32 (29.2%) cases an abdominoperineal resection was performed. One @entity0 received a Hartmann's resection. There were 15 cases of stage IV (UICC) present and in 53 @entity0 the @entity1 extension was restricted to the wall. Demographic and perioperative data as well as the results of the follow-up examination were registered prospectively. The median follow-up period amounted to 24 months (2-56). RESULTS: A total of 87 @entity0 underwent a curative resection. Fourteen lymph nodes were dissected (median). Pelvic autonomic nerve preservation was possible in 90 @entity0 . The median intraoperative @entity2 was 500 ml. As surgical complications, @entity4 occurred in 18% of cases, perineal wound infection in 33%, and @entity5 (requiring catheterisation) in 5.6%. The overall rate of recurrence was 17.5%. The rate of local recurrence was 4.9% and the survival rate was 91% over 3 years. Risk factors for local recurrence are N2-disease, transmural growth and @entity1 localisation in the lower third of the rectum. CONCLUSIONS: TME offers good oncological and functional results with low complication rates for the treatment of @entity1 in the middle and upper third of the rectum. Interdisciplinary multicenter studies are still necessary to redefine the place of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy in cases of @entity1 in the lower two thirds of the rectum and @entity1 .

title: [Total excision of the mesorectum in XXXX of the lower and middle rectum. Oncological and functional results].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the present work was to elucidate the importance of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle for @entity6 -induced thermogenesis, and to examine the effect of chronic @entity6 treatment on energy expenditure. The investigations were carried out in vivo on @entity0 , as well as on @entity3 and @entity4 . In rodents BAT is the major site of cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis and of facultative thermogenesis: the component of food-induced thermogenesis storage of nutrients. BAT thermogenesis is mediated through an activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Via a sustained stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, acclimation to cold and overfeeding induces @entity5 of BAT, and subsequently an increased thermogenic capacity. In a number of @entity2 syndromes in rodents the sympathetic mediation is defective, and this leads to extreme sensitivity to cold and to @entity2 . BAT has been reported to be present also in @entity0 , and there has been focused mainly on the interscapular subcutaneous tissue. An @entity6 -induced increase of the interscapular skin temperature has been interpreted as evidence of the presence of thermogenic BAT. This lead to the assumption that BAT, also in @entity0 , plays a significant role in the regulation of energy balance. Likewise, the hypothesis has been advanced that a diminished thermogenesis in BAT may be the cause of some types of @entity0 @entity2 . After validation of the xenon clearance method in @entity3 for blood flow measurements in BAT, the method was applied on @entity0 to examine the @entity6 -induced increase in the interscapular temperature. The warmest interscapular skin area was localized by thermography during @entity6 stimulation. In a second study subcutaneous blood flow and temperature were measured in this area during @entity6 stimulation and compared to the response of white adipose tissue in the lumbar area. The results showed that the increases in blood flow and temperatures were of similar magnitude in the two locations. Biopsies taken from the warmest interscapular spots did not contain brown adipocytes. A histological study on @entity0 autopsies confirmed that BAT is rare in the interscapular tissue, but frequently occurring in the perirenal depot. In the next study, the thermogenic function of the perirenal BAT was examined by measurements of blood flow and local temperature. Perirenal BAT thermogenesis was uninfluenced by @entity6 in 4 of 5 subjects. It was estimated that BAT thermogenesis in the single responding subject could account for maximally 15% of the @entity6 -induced increase in whole body @entity1 consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Thermogenesis in XXXX brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle induced by sympathomimetic stimulation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NA-CT) followed by CT + radiotherapy (RT) in locally advanced or unresectable @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: 22 @entity4 @entity0 were enrolled (18 males, 4 females; median age, 59.5 years; median ECOG PS, 1). Sites of disease: oral cavity, 18.2%; oropharynx, 40.9%; hypopharynx, 18.2%; larynx, 4.6%, multiple sites, 18.2%. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) category: T2, 13.6%; T3, 31.8%; T4, 54.5%. N (nodes) category: NO, 9.1%; N1, 18.1%; N2, 40.9%; N3, 31.8%. Stage: III, 4.6%; @entity10 , 63.6%; IVB, 31.8%. Induction @entity9 (AUC = 6) and @entity6 (200 mg/m2) x 3 cycles (q21 days) were given. Responders received definitive radiotherapy with concurrent @entity9 (35 mg/m2/day from days 1 to 5 in weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7) and @entity6 (50 mg/m2 on days 10, 24 and 38). @entity0 with node involvement were suggested to undergo postradiotherapy neck dissection. RESULTS: NA-CT. 97% of planned chemotherapy cycles were administered. Prevalent @entity3 was hematologic: 50% G4 @entity7 and 31.8% G3, one @entity5 . All @entity0 had @entity8 . Complete responses in @entity1 and N were 4 (18.2%) and 3 (15%), respectively. Partial responses were 13(59%) and 9 (45%). There was 1 progressive disease. CT + RT. 79.9% of planned cycles of CT were administered. In 19 @entity0 (86.4%) more than 50% of planned cycles of CT were completed. Median dose of RT was 70.2 Gy on @entity1 /N+ and 54 Gy on NO. Limiting @entity3 was @entity2 in 77.3%, followed by @entity7 (59.1% G3-G4). Median weight loss was 4.9%.18.2% of @entity0 required hospitalization. Complete responses in @entity1 and N were 15 (68.1%) and 8 (40%), respectively. Partial responses were 5 (22.7%) and 7 (35%). CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study are encouraging, despite the @entity3 . Adequate follow-up is required to evaluate efficacy in terms of local-regional control and overall survival.

title: @entity6 and XXXX in neo-adjuvant and concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity4 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: AIM AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NA-CT) followed by CT + radiotherapy (RT) in locally advanced or unresectable @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: 22 @entity4 @entity0 were enrolled (18 males, 4 females; median age, 59.5 years; median ECOG PS, 1). Sites of disease: oral cavity, 18.2%; oropharynx, 40.9%; hypopharynx, 18.2%; larynx, 4.6%, multiple sites, 18.2%. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) category: T2, 13.6%; T3, 31.8%; T4, 54.5%. N (nodes) category: NO, 9.1%; N1, 18.1%; N2, 40.9%; N3, 31.8%. Stage: III, 4.6%; @entity10 , 63.6%; IVB, 31.8%. Induction @entity9 (AUC = 6) and @entity6 (200 mg/m2) x 3 cycles (q21 days) were given. Responders received definitive radiotherapy with concurrent @entity9 (35 mg/m2/day from days 1 to 5 in weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7) and @entity6 (50 mg/m2 on days 10, 24 and 38). @entity0 with node involvement were suggested to undergo postradiotherapy neck dissection. RESULTS: NA-CT. 97% of planned chemotherapy cycles were administered. Prevalent @entity3 was hematologic: 50% G4 @entity7 and 31.8% G3, one @entity5 . All @entity0 had @entity8 . Complete responses in @entity1 and N were 4 (18.2%) and 3 (15%), respectively. Partial responses were 13(59%) and 9 (45%). There was 1 progressive disease. CT + RT. 79.9% of planned cycles of CT were administered. In 19 @entity0 (86.4%) more than 50% of planned cycles of CT were completed. Median dose of RT was 70.2 Gy on @entity1 /N+ and 54 Gy on NO. Limiting @entity3 was @entity2 in 77.3%, followed by @entity7 (59.1% G3-G4). Median weight loss was 4.9%.18.2% of @entity0 required hospitalization. Complete responses in @entity1 and N were 15 (68.1%) and 8 (40%), respectively. Partial responses were 5 (22.7%) and 7 (35%). CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study are encouraging, despite the @entity3 . Adequate follow-up is required to evaluate efficacy in terms of local-regional control and overall survival.

title: @entity6 and @entity9 in neo-adjuvant and concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NA-CT) followed by CT + radiotherapy (RT) in locally advanced or unresectable @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: 22 @entity4 @entity0 were enrolled (18 males, 4 females; median age, 59.5 years; median ECOG PS, 1). Sites of disease: oral cavity, 18.2%; oropharynx, 40.9%; hypopharynx, 18.2%; larynx, 4.6%, multiple sites, 18.2%. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) category: T2, 13.6%; T3, 31.8%; T4, 54.5%. N (nodes) category: NO, 9.1%; N1, 18.1%; N2, 40.9%; N3, 31.8%. Stage: III, 4.6%; @entity10 , 63.6%; IVB, 31.8%. Induction @entity9 (AUC = 6) and @entity6 (200 mg/m2) x 3 cycles (q21 days) were given. Responders received definitive radiotherapy with concurrent @entity9 (35 mg/m2/day from days 1 to 5 in weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7) and @entity6 (50 mg/m2 on days 10, 24 and 38). @entity0 with node involvement were suggested to undergo postradiotherapy neck dissection. RESULTS: NA-CT. 97% of planned chemotherapy cycles were administered. Prevalent @entity3 was hematologic: 50% G4 @entity7 and 31.8% G3, one @entity5 . All @entity0 had @entity8 . Complete responses in @entity1 and N were 4 (18.2%) and 3 (15%), respectively. Partial responses were 13(59%) and 9 (45%). There was 1 progressive disease. CT + RT. 79.9% of planned cycles of CT were administered. In 19 @entity0 (86.4%) more than 50% of planned cycles of CT were completed. Median dose of RT was 70.2 Gy on @entity1 /N+ and 54 Gy on NO. Limiting @entity3 was @entity2 in 77.3%, followed by @entity7 (59.1% G3-G4). Median weight loss was 4.9%.18.2% of @entity0 required hospitalization. Complete responses in @entity1 and N were 15 (68.1%) and 8 (40%), respectively. Partial responses were 5 (22.7%) and 7 (35%). CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study are encouraging, despite the @entity3 . Adequate follow-up is required to evaluate efficacy in terms of local-regional control and overall survival.

title: XXXX and @entity9 in neo-adjuvant and concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the results of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 : Eighty-six @entity0 (median age, 60 years) with @entity3 treated by radical nephrectomy were evaluated for the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy. Twenty-four percent of @entity0 had stage T2, 35% T3a, 36% T3b and 5% T4 disease. Seventy-seven percent had clear cell @entity2 and 23% granular cell or spindle and mixed cell @entity2 . Radiotherapy was given to the renal bed and adjacent lymphatic basin at a median dose of 46 Gy. RESULTS: Thirty-two (37%) @entity0 relapsed: 27 (84%) had systemic relapse only and five (16%) had local and systemic relapse; all @entity0 of the latter group had stage T3b disease. The 10-year disease-free and overall survival was 40% and 42%, respectively. Tumor invasion of the renal vessels and stage of disease were correlated with survival. Side effects of radiotherapy were mainly gastrointestinal, but one @entity0 who received right abdominal irradiation died because of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The results of our study are comparable with those reported in the literature. Since postoperative irradiation did not improve the survival of @entity0 with @entity3 and showed @entity1 , it is not recommended.

title: Postoperative irradiation in XXXX : the Rambam Medical Center experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Carcass and live measurements of 45 barrows were used to evaluate the magnitude of @entity2 (RAC) treatment prediction biases for measures of carcass composition. Barrows (body weight = 69.6 kg) were allotted by weight to three dietary treatments and fed to an average body weight of 114 kg. Treatments were: 1) 16% crude protein, 0.82% @entity0 control diet (CON); 2) control diet + 20 ppm RAC (RAC16); 3) a phase feeding sequence with 20 ppm RAC (RAC-P) consisting of 18% crude protein (1.08% @entity0 ) during wk 1 and 4, 20% crude protein (1.22% @entity0 ) during wk 2 and 3, 16% crude protein (0.94% @entity0 ) during wk 6, and 16% crude protein (0.82% @entity0 ) during wk 6. The four lean cuts from the right side of the carcasses (n = 15/treatment) were dissected into lean and fat tissue. The other cut soft tissue was collected from the jowl, ribs, and belly. Proximate analyses were completed on these three tissue pools and a sample of fat tissue from the other cut soft tissue. Prediction equations were developed for each of five measures of carcass composition: fat-free lean, lipid-free soft tissue, dissected lean in the four lean cuts, total carcass fat tissue, and soft-tissue lipid mass. @entity2 treatment biases were found for equations in which midline backfat, ribbed carcass, and live ultrasonic measures were used as single technology sets of measurements. Prediction equations from live or carcass measurements underpredicted the lean mass of the RAC-P @entity1 and underpredicted the lean mass of the CON @entity1 . Only 20 to 50% of the true difference in fat-free lean mass or lipid-free soft-tissue mass between the control @entity1 and @entity1 fed RAC was predicted from equations including standard carcass measurements. The soft-tissue lipid and total carcass fat mass of RAC-P @entity1 was overpredicted from the carcass and live ultrasound measurements. Prediction equations including standard carcass measurements with dissected ham lean alone or with dissected loin lean reduced the residual standard deviation and magnitude of biases for the three measures of carcass leanmass. Prediction equations including the percentage of lipid of the other cut soft tissue improved residual standard deviation and reduced the magnitude of biases for total carcass fat mass and soft-tissue lipid. Prediction equations for easily obtained carcass or live ultrasound measures will only partially predict the true effect of RAC to increase carcass leanness. Accurate prediction of the carcass composition of RAC-fed @entity1 requires some partial dissection, chemical analysis, or alternative technologies.

title: XXXX treatment biases in the prediction of pork carcass composition.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) as reflected by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was measured in 40 adult cases of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) before and after transfusion of 1 unit of whole citrated blood, using Swan-Ganz monitoring catheters. The cases were randomized into 4 groups of 10 each. Blood was transfused at a rate of 2 ml, 5 ml and 10 ml/min in groups A, B and C, respectively. In group D, blood transfusion (BT) was given at 5 ml/min but this group received, in addition, 40 mg @entity2 intravenously just prior to the transfusion. Pretransfusion PCWP was normal in all the cases. Following BT the "wedge" pressure increased significantly in the first 3 groups, the rise being proportionately greater with faster transfusions (15.8, 20.9 and 32.2% in groups A, B and C, respectively). In group D, however, PCWP actually decreased by 21.7% (p less than 0.001). As far as we know, this is the first study in which a definite and significant rise in PCWP has been documented following transfusion of blood even at conventional speed (group A). The implications of such an increase in "wedge" pressure as well as the observation that it can be completely blocked by @entity2 are discussed. On the basis of these observations it is recommended that intravenous @entity2 should be administered routinely before any BT in cases of @entity1 . Such practice will also permit blood to be transfused at a comparatively faster speed, without jeopardizing @entity0 safety.

title: Hemodynamic evaluation of blood transfusion in XXXX with special reference to speed of transfusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous series including our earlier study of survivors of childhood @entity3 have documented the presence of nonclonal chromosome abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes. To investigate whether or not these abnormalities persist, we restudied nine @entity0 , all of whom had received radiotherapy and a minimum of 3 years of systemic chemotherapy. Therapy had been discontinued a median of 3.9 years prior to study in our first report and a median of 7.2 years prior to study in this follow-up report. Thirty metaphases from short-term cultures of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood from each of nine @entity0 and nine matched controls were analyzed using G-banding. @entity4 were present in cells from six of the nine @entity0 and 3.0% of @entity0 ' cells overall, as compared to seven of ten @entity0 and 3.5% of @entity0 ' cells in the earlier study. All @entity0 studied twice had abnormalities on one or both occasions. No evidence for the development of cytogenetically abnormal clones was found. Combined data from the two evaluations indicate that all of the @entity0 have a small population of long-lived lymphocytes with nonclonal chromosome abnormalities, the frequency of these cells appears to remain remarkably constant over time, and the proportion of cells with chromosome abnormalities is approximately threefold greater in @entity0 than in controls. It has become apparent that survivors of @entity3 are at increased risk for development of second @entity1 . The relationship between therapy-induced chromosome damage and the development of second @entity1 is currently unknown. We speculate that some cells, possibly in tissues other than peripheral blood, are preneoplastic by virtue of therapy-induced chromosome rearrangements involving critical genes and, following a long latent period, may undergo subsequent genetic or cellular changes that result in malignant transformation. Unfortunately, however, estimation of @entity2 through cytogenetic studies of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes does not appear to be a useful method for prediction of second @entity1 following @entity3 , since most or all of the @entity0 have a low level of abnormal cells.

title: Cytogenetic studies of long-term survivors of childhood XXXX : a follow-up report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The development of @entity2 is characterised not only by increased storage of lipids in existing fat cells but also by the generation of new adipocytes from progenitor cells. This process, called adipogenesis, can be divided into two related steps. First, during determination, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells commit to preadipocytes. These cells exhibit similar morphology compared with stem cells; however, they are committed to the adipogenic lineage and are not longer able to transform into osteoblasts, myocytes or chondrocytes. Secondly, during differentiation, preadipocytes become mature fat cells. As in other developmental processes, adipogenesis is tightly regulated at a molecular level by several transcription factors. Within the last decade, it has also become clear how the activity of these transcription factors is coordinated by extracellular signals. In this respect, secreted WNT signalling molecules are particularly important. Several members of the WNT family have been shown to inhibit early steps of adipogenesis. Conversely, endogenous inhibitors of WNT signalling were found to promote generation of adipocytes, indicating a fundamental role of these bioactive peptides in adipogenesis. From a pathophysiological point of view, it is of interest that polymorphisms in genes of the WNT signalling system have been associated with the development of @entity2 and @entity3 2 @entity1 in @entity0 . Moreover, recent findings indicate that certain WNT molecules are involved in the so-called low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue, which is crucial in the development of @entity2 -associated insulin resistance. These important findings in nutritional and metabolic medicine will be summarised in the present review.

title: Role of WNT signalling in the determination of XXXX mesenchymal stem cells into preadipocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity5 to parts of the brain is the cause of @entity4 leading to functional deficits and, if prolonged, to irreversible @entity1 . The fast reperfusion, therefore is the most important therapeutic strategy and was proven to be effective in clinical trials. Steps to intervene with secondary biochemical, molecular, or inflammatory disturbances were not successful so far. Since direct therapeutic interventions are limited, the general management of the @entity3 victim is of utmost importance--and was shown to be most successful in dedicated @entity3 units. Acute therapeutic interventions in @entity4 can only be successful as long as tissue in the area of the @entity2 compromise is still viable. The area of irreversible damage can be identified and distinguished from the penumbral zone, i.e., tissue with impaired function but preserved morphology by functional imaging modalities, like positron emission tomography (PET) or perfusion-(PW) and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In such studies it was demonstrated that a large portion of the final @entity6 is irreversibly affected in the first few hours in many @entity0 . A considerable tissue volume is viable but critically hypoperfused; a smaller portion of the final @entity6 is sufficiently perfused and in this area secondary and delayed biochemical and molecular mechanisms contribute to the damage. Based on this concept the improvement of perfusion within the time window of opportunity must be the primary goal in treatment of @entity4 , and neuroprotective and other strategies can only play a supportive and additive role. That this is the case can be seen from the results of many controlled therapeutic trials, in which up to now only thrombolytic therapy with a 3 h time window for systemic and a 6 h time window for intraarterial application proved its efficacy, whereas all trials with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory or anti-apoptotic strategies failed. Since the direct treatment strategies are limited the acute management of @entity3 victims is of utmost importance: This can be achieved optimally in dedicated @entity3 units in which the outcome was significantly improved over the regular care. It is still to be investigated if invasive strategies--e.g., craniectomy and @entity7 --or the combination of reperfusion and neuroprotective therapy can improve the outcome after @entity4 .

title: XXXX --acute interventions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: It has been suggested that BCG vaccination may protect against development of @entity1 , particularly when given just after birth. BCG vaccination was given routinely to all @entity0 in Greenland until 1990, when it was withdrawn from the vaccination program. Whether this resulted in an increased prevalence of @entity2 in @entity0 born after the stop of BCG vaccination is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether BCG vaccination and age at BCG vaccination are associated with development of @entity2 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Cross-sectional study among schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 years in 4 towns on the northwest coast of Greenland. @entity0 had a blood sample drawn and information on BCG vaccination was obtained during 2 periods, November 1998 and November 2001. A total of 1686 @entity0 (79% of available @entity0 ) participated, 1575 of whom had complete information on vaccination status. Atopy was defined as a positive test result in an assay that tests for IgE specific against the most common inhalant allergens in serum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio (OR) of @entity2 in BCG-vaccinated compared with unvaccinated @entity0 and OR according to age at vaccination. RESULTS: The risk of @entity2 was the same in BCG-vaccinated compared with unvaccinated @entity0 after adjustment for confounders (OR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.48). The risk of @entity2 in BCG-vaccinated @entity0 was not associated with age at vaccination (P =.17). CONCLUSIONS: BCG vaccination administered to @entity0 is not associated with reduced risk of development of @entity2 .

title: BCG vaccination and risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: I tried to make it clear three dimensional picture of the smooth muscle of the @entity0 gallbladder at first, and found a connection between the smooth muscle and the autonomic nerves in the wall. At autopsy the @entity4 was collected from 15 males and 7 females died of apoplexy, @entity2 or @entity3 . These material was fixed 10% neural @entity1 , impregnated into Masson Trichrome for smooth muscle, and modified Golgi method for nerve fivers, embeded in celloidin. I laid a picture after another after tracing serial tangential section of 8 micron by using camera lucida, and made three dimensional picture. In autonomic nerve in the wall three dimensional sections of 100-150 micron were made and observed with light microscope. Three dimensional muscle structure showed monounit structure, having meshwork structure from mucosal area to serous one. It was gratified the condition of the gallbladder contraction to illustrate a series of connection from mucosal aspect to serous one. Many fine nerve fivers were found forming plexuses in the subserous layer, muscular layer and mucosa. There was close relationship between smooth muscle and intramural nerve fibers, which especially distributed into meshwork structure of muscle. I could find morphological relation among the layers, such as three main plexuses. It was suggested that subserous plexus had extrinsic nature.

title: [Morphological studies of XXXX gallbladder].

answer: @entity0


abstract: During the gradual removal of @entity1 with diuretics in 21 @entity1 @entity0 with the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) we monitored blood volume. For comparison, nine healthy subjects were studied after equilibration on diets containing 20, 200, and 1138 mEq @entity4 . The initial extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) in the @entity0 exceeded the final ECFV by 63.4 +/- 8.4%. In 10 @entity0 with a very low plasma oncotic pressure (8.2 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, Group 1), the blood volume changed little. In Group 2 (plasma oncotic pressure 13.4 +/- 1.0 mm Hg), it was 11.0 +/- 2.5% higher at entry than after @entity1 withdrawal. In the normal volunteers, the highest @entity4 intake raised the ECFV by 21.4 +/- 4.1%. The accompanying rise in blood volume, 11.2 +/- 3.0%, was larger than in the @entity0 of Group 1 (2.4 +/- 1.9%, P less than 0.04), but not of Group 2 (8.1 +/- 1.9%, @entity5 ) at similar degrees of expansion. There was no difference in blood volume between the @entity1 -free @entity0 and the normal subjects at low- @entity4 diet. The course of blood pressure and @entity3 clearance during @entity1 removal gave no evidence that functional @entity6 was induced, but the plasma @entity2 activity was higher than in the normal subjects at similar degrees of expansion. We conclude that the blood volume to ECFV relationship curve is flattened in the presence of @entity7 . Thus, the increase in blood volume that normally follows ECFV expansion is less in @entity0 with the @entity5 , but a drop below normal upon removal of @entity1 is absent also.

title: Preservation of blood volume during @entity1 removal in XXXX subjects.

answer: @entity5


abstract: During the gradual removal of @entity1 with diuretics in 21 @entity1 @entity0 with the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) we monitored blood volume. For comparison, nine healthy subjects were studied after equilibration on diets containing 20, 200, and 1138 mEq @entity4 . The initial extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) in the @entity0 exceeded the final ECFV by 63.4 +/- 8.4%. In 10 @entity0 with a very low plasma oncotic pressure (8.2 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, Group 1), the blood volume changed little. In Group 2 (plasma oncotic pressure 13.4 +/- 1.0 mm Hg), it was 11.0 +/- 2.5% higher at entry than after @entity1 withdrawal. In the normal volunteers, the highest @entity4 intake raised the ECFV by 21.4 +/- 4.1%. The accompanying rise in blood volume, 11.2 +/- 3.0%, was larger than in the @entity0 of Group 1 (2.4 +/- 1.9%, P less than 0.04), but not of Group 2 (8.1 +/- 1.9%, @entity5 ) at similar degrees of expansion. There was no difference in blood volume between the @entity1 -free @entity0 and the normal subjects at low- @entity4 diet. The course of blood pressure and @entity3 clearance during @entity1 removal gave no evidence that functional @entity6 was induced, but the plasma @entity2 activity was higher than in the normal subjects at similar degrees of expansion. We conclude that the blood volume to ECFV relationship curve is flattened in the presence of @entity7 . Thus, the increase in blood volume that normally follows ECFV expansion is less in @entity0 with the @entity5 , but a drop below normal upon removal of @entity1 is absent also.

title: Preservation of blood volume during XXXX removal in @entity5 subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review our perioperative experience with @entity0 presenting with high-risk @entity2 who had undergone prior therapy for @entity7 . With the increase in diagnosis and subsequent treatment of @entity7 , more @entity0 presenting with high-risk @entity2 have undergone prior therapy for @entity7 . Radical cystectomy in these @entity0 can be technically challenging and may be associated with added morbidity. METHODS: A retrospective review of 458 @entity0 treated with radical cystectomy between January 1993 and January 2002 revealed 29 @entity0 (mean age 72 years) who had received definitive treatment for @entity7 prior to cystectomy for @entity2 . The initial treatment in this cohort was radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy in 12 (41%) and 17 (59%) @entity0 , respectively. Cystectomy was performed for transitional cell @entity3 in 25 (86%), @entity9 in 2 (6%), and @entity6 in 2 (6%) @entity0 . RESULTS: At the time of cystectomy, the mean @entity4 was 1175 mL (range 275 to 3500), and the median length of hospitalization was 8 days (range 4 to 23). No intraoperative or perioperative @entity5 occurred in this cohort. Twenty-seven early @entity8 were identified in 16 (55%) of 29 @entity0 ; no @entity1 occurred. @entity0 with prior radiotherapy had a higher rate of extravesical @entity2 (60%) than those @entity0 treated with prior prostatectomy (33%). An orthotopic neobladder diversion was created in 5 @entity0 (17%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 previously treated for @entity7 with external beam radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy have an increased risk of perioperative @entity8 compared with @entity0 undergoing cystectomy without prior therapy. This risk is not prohibitive, and radical cystectomy should remain the treatment of choice for high-risk @entity2 in this population. Furthermore, orthotopic urinary diversion may be a reasonable option and should be considered in select @entity0 .

title: Radical cystectomy for XXXX after @entity7 treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review our perioperative experience with @entity0 presenting with high-risk @entity2 who had undergone prior therapy for @entity7 . With the increase in diagnosis and subsequent treatment of @entity7 , more @entity0 presenting with high-risk @entity2 have undergone prior therapy for @entity7 . Radical cystectomy in these @entity0 can be technically challenging and may be associated with added morbidity. METHODS: A retrospective review of 458 @entity0 treated with radical cystectomy between January 1993 and January 2002 revealed 29 @entity0 (mean age 72 years) who had received definitive treatment for @entity7 prior to cystectomy for @entity2 . The initial treatment in this cohort was radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy in 12 (41%) and 17 (59%) @entity0 , respectively. Cystectomy was performed for transitional cell @entity3 in 25 (86%), @entity9 in 2 (6%), and @entity6 in 2 (6%) @entity0 . RESULTS: At the time of cystectomy, the mean @entity4 was 1175 mL (range 275 to 3500), and the median length of hospitalization was 8 days (range 4 to 23). No intraoperative or perioperative @entity5 occurred in this cohort. Twenty-seven early @entity8 were identified in 16 (55%) of 29 @entity0 ; no @entity1 occurred. @entity0 with prior radiotherapy had a higher rate of extravesical @entity2 (60%) than those @entity0 treated with prior prostatectomy (33%). An orthotopic neobladder diversion was created in 5 @entity0 (17%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 previously treated for @entity7 with external beam radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy have an increased risk of perioperative @entity8 compared with @entity0 undergoing cystectomy without prior therapy. This risk is not prohibitive, and radical cystectomy should remain the treatment of choice for high-risk @entity2 in this population. Furthermore, orthotopic urinary diversion may be a reasonable option and should be considered in select @entity0 .

title: Radical cystectomy for @entity2 after XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity0 resulting from lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has often been attributed to ablation-induced disinhibition of insulin release. However, lesion studies have generally employed electrolyzing anodal current with stainless steel electrodes, which results not only in tissue ablation but deposits of metallic ions that can chronically irritate surrounding tissue. The present study compared the effects of irritative and nonirritative VMH lesions on plasma insulin levels and @entity0 in female @entity1 . Blood samples were obtained after a 4-h fast and 17 min after the initiation of a meal (6 ml of sweetened milk in 7 min) during a period when VMH @entity1 were food restricted to the level of sham-operated animals and again when all animals were fed ad libitum. Irritative lesions (anodal electrolytic with stainless steel electrodes) caused heavy metallic ion deposition at the lesion site, marked @entity0 , and @entity6 both during food restriction and ad libitum feeding. @entity2 (cathodal electrolytic with @entity4 electrodes) resulted in no metallic ion deposition in seven of nine animals. These seven @entity1 , which displayed 65% of the @entity5 of animals with @entity3 (significantly greater than sham @entity1 ), had significantly elevated insulin levels only under the postabsorptive condition during ad libitum feeding. In addition, only the animals with @entity3 displayed emotional hyperreactivity to capture and handling. It is concluded that @entity0 produced by anodal electrolytic lesions with stainless steel electrodes is a result of both a destructive component resulting in @entity8 with @entity6 and an irritative component (accounting for up to 40% of the @entity5 in female @entity1 ) resulting in @entity7 independent of @entity8 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 of VMH: effects on plasma insulin, XXXX , and hyperreactivity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 resulting from lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has often been attributed to ablation-induced disinhibition of insulin release. However, lesion studies have generally employed electrolyzing anodal current with stainless steel electrodes, which results not only in tissue ablation but deposits of metallic ions that can chronically irritate surrounding tissue. The present study compared the effects of irritative and nonirritative VMH lesions on plasma insulin levels and @entity0 in female @entity1 . Blood samples were obtained after a 4-h fast and 17 min after the initiation of a meal (6 ml of sweetened milk in 7 min) during a period when VMH @entity1 were food restricted to the level of sham-operated animals and again when all animals were fed ad libitum. Irritative lesions (anodal electrolytic with stainless steel electrodes) caused heavy metallic ion deposition at the lesion site, marked @entity0 , and @entity6 both during food restriction and ad libitum feeding. @entity2 (cathodal electrolytic with @entity4 electrodes) resulted in no metallic ion deposition in seven of nine animals. These seven @entity1 , which displayed 65% of the @entity5 of animals with @entity3 (significantly greater than sham @entity1 ), had significantly elevated insulin levels only under the postabsorptive condition during ad libitum feeding. In addition, only the animals with @entity3 displayed emotional hyperreactivity to capture and handling. It is concluded that @entity0 produced by anodal electrolytic lesions with stainless steel electrodes is a result of both a destructive component resulting in @entity8 with @entity6 and an irritative component (accounting for up to 40% of the @entity5 in female @entity1 ) resulting in @entity7 independent of @entity8 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX of VMH: effects on plasma insulin, @entity0 , and hyperreactivity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to analyze the results of fibrinolytic treatment (FT) in a large single-center group of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). BACKGROUND: Fibrinolytic treatment of @entity3 represents an alternative to surgery, but is still controversial because of the risk of @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 110 consecutive @entity0 presenting with 127 instances of @entity3 received FT between 1978 and 2001. The diagnosis of @entity3 was established mainly by fluoroscopy and/or echocardiography. The first fibrinolytic agent used was streptokinase (SK) in 49 cases, urokinase (UK) in 41 cases, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) in 37 cases. A second FT was consecutively infused in 38 @entity0 (30%) and a third FT in 11 others. The efficacy of FT was assessed from hemodynamic parameters derived from echographic examinations as well as on clinical grounds. RESULTS: Complete resolution of @entity4 was seen in 90/127 @entity0 , partial resolution in 22/127 @entity0 , and no change in 15/127 @entity0 after one or more consecutive fibrinolytic regimens. When SK or rtPA were used as the first fibrinolytic agent, they appeared significantly superior to UK in terms of valve reopening. Fifteen @entity0 died. @entity2 were observed in six @entity0 . Nineteen documented embolic events occurred during FT. Finally, @entity3 recurred in 24 @entity0 , 17 of whom were retreated with lytic agents. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that FT is effective in most cases of @entity3 , regardless of prosthesis or site involved. However, @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity1 were not uncommon after lytic therapy of left-sided @entity3 , limiting its application to @entity0 at high risk with alternative treatment.

title: Fibrinolysis of mechanical prosthetic valve XXXX : a single-center study of 127 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A large number of compounds may be applied to the teeth for preventive or therapeutic purposes, most notably in dentine @entity0 . The uptake of any one compound by tooth substances may clearly be affected by another to produce synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects. This study determined whether uptake interactions occurred between @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity1 . All compounds, in particular @entity5 , showed considerable affinity for dentine. @entity3 reduced the uptake of @entity1 but not @entity5 , @entity4 or @entity2 . @entity2 increased the uptake of @entity1 , but not @entity5 , @entity4 or @entity3 . @entity1 and @entity5 decreased @entity3 uptake but @entity4 had no such effect. Finally, @entity2 uptake was increased by @entity1 and @entity5 but not by @entity3 or @entity4 . Based on the theories proposed for the reaction of these various compounds with calcified tissues, explanations for the interactions can be made. The results appear relevant to some reported clinical effects of combinations of these compounds and indicate that such interactions may have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences depending on the basis for treatment.

title: Dentine @entity0 : effect of interactions between metal salts, XXXX and @entity2 on the uptake by dentine.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A large number of compounds may be applied to the teeth for preventive or therapeutic purposes, most notably in dentine @entity0 . The uptake of any one compound by tooth substances may clearly be affected by another to produce synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects. This study determined whether uptake interactions occurred between @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity1 . All compounds, in particular @entity5 , showed considerable affinity for dentine. @entity3 reduced the uptake of @entity1 but not @entity5 , @entity4 or @entity2 . @entity2 increased the uptake of @entity1 , but not @entity5 , @entity4 or @entity3 . @entity1 and @entity5 decreased @entity3 uptake but @entity4 had no such effect. Finally, @entity2 uptake was increased by @entity1 and @entity5 but not by @entity3 or @entity4 . Based on the theories proposed for the reaction of these various compounds with calcified tissues, explanations for the interactions can be made. The results appear relevant to some reported clinical effects of combinations of these compounds and indicate that such interactions may have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences depending on the basis for treatment.

title: Dentine @entity0 : effect of interactions between metal salts, @entity3 and XXXX on the uptake by dentine.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A large number of compounds may be applied to the teeth for preventive or therapeutic purposes, most notably in dentine @entity0 . The uptake of any one compound by tooth substances may clearly be affected by another to produce synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects. This study determined whether uptake interactions occurred between @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity1 . All compounds, in particular @entity5 , showed considerable affinity for dentine. @entity3 reduced the uptake of @entity1 but not @entity5 , @entity4 or @entity2 . @entity2 increased the uptake of @entity1 , but not @entity5 , @entity4 or @entity3 . @entity1 and @entity5 decreased @entity3 uptake but @entity4 had no such effect. Finally, @entity2 uptake was increased by @entity1 and @entity5 but not by @entity3 or @entity4 . Based on the theories proposed for the reaction of these various compounds with calcified tissues, explanations for the interactions can be made. The results appear relevant to some reported clinical effects of combinations of these compounds and indicate that such interactions may have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences depending on the basis for treatment.

title: Dentine XXXX : effect of interactions between metal salts, @entity3 and @entity2 on the uptake by dentine.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Owing to the @entity5 of the @entity0 weighing 4460 g, the delivery of a 33-year-old secundipara was completed by vacuum extraction. In the course of delivery the @entity0 was bleeding very little. Following the delivery she complained of the numbness of the left hand and @entity1 , she was pale, restless, and all in a cold sweat. The blood pressure was unmeasurable and the peripheral pulse could not be felt. Reanimation started at once. After a short improvement the @entity0 's condition was getting worse. For suspected @entity3 , abdominal hysterectomy was applied. The operation revealed the incomplete @entity2 of the uterus. The @entity0 died in the course of the operation. @entity4 was diagnosed only during obduction and was most probably the consequence of air aspiration through the split uterine veins.

title: [Air embolism in a labor with uterine XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical efficacy of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) assisted by neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy for treatment of communicating @entity2 . METHODS: From January 2010 to January 2014, 209 cases (male 93, female 116) who suffered communicating @entity2 performed VPS with neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy in Department of Neurosurgery of @entity0 's Liberation Army General Hospital. The age of the @entity0 were from 7 months to 79 years (mean 38.1 years), average duration were 20 days to 4 years (mean (2.4    0.7) months). Neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy were used to help respectively to place shunt catheter to better position, both in the ventricle and peritoneal cavity. The effect of subsequent shunt system survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: There were 209 @entity0 received 255 times of VPS. All operations were successfully completed. No craniotomy or open operation were needed for technical-related complications. Forty-six revisions were performed in all @entity0 . After the operation, 203 @entity0 with @entity2 improved at different level after surgery. Thirteen cases occurred @entity1 and improved after the pressure adjusted. All @entity0 were followed up for 1 month to 4 years, with a median follow-up time of 2.1 years, while the shunt system efficiencies were 91.0%, 86.7%, 83.9% and 82.0% respectively from the end of the 1st year to the end of the 4th year. CONCLUSIONS: For VPS, neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy can respectively help to place shunt catheter to better position, both in the ventricle and peritoneal cavity. Hence, the combination of these two modalities can reduce the failure rate of shunt catheter insertion and has significant impact on shunt system survival.

title: [Combined application of neuroendoscope and laparoscope in ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for treatment of communicating XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case description of a @entity0 who developed @entity14 following appendectomy for @entity6 , and literature review of invasive group B @entity10 . METHODS: A 65-year-old @entity0 with @entity7 underwent urgent appendectomy and drainage. Antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity12 (100 mg) and @entity9 (500 mg) was administered. At surgery, a phlegmon was identified with free perforation of the appendix and purulent peritoneal fluid. Appendectomy, irrigation with 0.9% @entity11 solution, and drainage with a Silastic closed-suction drain was performed. A literature search in all languages was performed using MEDLINE, using the search terms @entity4 , wound @entity4 , group B @entity13 , @entity13 , necrotizing @entity15 , and @entity1 . RESULTS: Erysipelas of the surgical wound developed on the fourth postoperative day. Intravenous @entity2 and @entity3 / @entity8 were administered empirically. Culture of the wound drainage identified @entity13 and a few colonies of @entity5 . The broad-spectrum antibiotic was discontinued, and a 10-day course of @entity2 was completed. CONCLUSIONS: Erysipelas of the surgical wound is unusual, and @entity4 with group B streptococci is rare compared with @entity4 by group A streptococci. @entity13 is recognized to be increasingly virulent, with an increasing predilection for @entity4 in healthy hosts. Although @entity13 remains highly susceptible to antimicrobial agents effective against gram-positive cocci, the changing epidemiology and potentially invasive nature of these infections should have clinicians alert to the possibility of @entity4 caused by group B streptococci.

title: Wound erysipelas following appendectomy caused by group B beta-hemolytic @entity13 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity13


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case description of a @entity0 who developed @entity14 following appendectomy for @entity6 , and literature review of invasive group B @entity10 . METHODS: A 65-year-old @entity0 with @entity7 underwent urgent appendectomy and drainage. Antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity12 (100 mg) and @entity9 (500 mg) was administered. At surgery, a phlegmon was identified with free perforation of the appendix and purulent peritoneal fluid. Appendectomy, irrigation with 0.9% @entity11 solution, and drainage with a Silastic closed-suction drain was performed. A literature search in all languages was performed using MEDLINE, using the search terms @entity4 , wound @entity4 , group B @entity13 , @entity13 , necrotizing @entity15 , and @entity1 . RESULTS: Erysipelas of the surgical wound developed on the fourth postoperative day. Intravenous @entity2 and @entity3 / @entity8 were administered empirically. Culture of the wound drainage identified @entity13 and a few colonies of @entity5 . The broad-spectrum antibiotic was discontinued, and a 10-day course of @entity2 was completed. CONCLUSIONS: Erysipelas of the surgical wound is unusual, and @entity4 with group B streptococci is rare compared with @entity4 by group A streptococci. @entity13 is recognized to be increasingly virulent, with an increasing predilection for @entity4 in healthy hosts. Although @entity13 remains highly susceptible to antimicrobial agents effective against gram-positive cocci, the changing epidemiology and potentially invasive nature of these infections should have clinicians alert to the possibility of @entity4 caused by group B streptococci.

title: Wound erysipelas following appendectomy caused by group B beta-hemolytic XXXX ( @entity13 ).

answer: @entity13


abstract: The shape and size of the adrenals in control subjects without @entity2 were studied by computed tomography (CT), and a comparative assessment of diagnostic values of ultrasonography (US) by electronic linear scanner, CT, and adrenal scintigraphy was made on 9 @entity0 with @entity5 . Adrenal imaging by scintigraphy was performed on the 5th and 6th day, or further on the 7th day after the injection of 1 mCi of @entity7 . CT findings of the adrenals in control subjects: Eighty-two % of 100 control right adrenals, and 89% of 100 control left adrenals were detected by CT. Seventy-seven % of the right adrenals were in linear-shape, and the others were in V-shape. The shape of the left adrenals could be classified into triangular-shape (54%), Y-shape (28%) and V-shape (18%). The mean width and thickness of the right adrenals were 28.6 +/- 7.5 mm ( @entity6 ) and 3.8 +/- 1.4 mm, respectively. Those of the left ones were 19.4 +/- 5.5 mm and 5.3 +/- 1.8 mm. Image diagnosis of @entity5 : In 2 out of 3 @entity0 examined by US, aldosteronomas were detected. In these 2 @entity0 , one had 2 @entity4 2.8 X 1.7 X 1.2 cm and 1.0 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size, and the other had one @entity4 0.8 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size. On adrenal scintiscanning under @entity3 pretreatment (DP), the isotope uptake of aldosteronoma was still seen with the disappearance of the contralateral adrenal in 7 out of 9 cases. In these 7 cases, the laterality of the @entity1 was confirmed. In one of the remaining 2 cases, the bilateral adrenal images were obtained regardless of DP. In the other case, of which aldosteronoma was the smallest (0.6 X 0.6 X 0.8 cm), the image of the affected adrenal with @entity4 as well as the contralateral adrenal disappeared under DP. CT delineated all aldosteronomas in 8 cases examined including 2 cases in which adrenal scintiscanning failed to elucidate the localization of aldosteronoma. These results indicated that the combination of these 3 new image diagnostic methods was available for the detection of aldosteronomas of various sizes.

title: [Image diagnosis of @entity2 --I. CT images of control subjects and image diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5