abstract: Newly emerged adult holometabolous insects must still complete considerable morphological, metabolic, and neural maturation. Despite this, adults have frequently been documented to @entity0 prior to finishing maturation and attaining peak physiological capacity. In some species, flight is limited by the unfurling of the wing, while in other species it may be limited by biochemical capacity. We charted maturation trajectories of adult bumblebee workers ( @entity4 ) for both morphological and flight muscle metabolic capacities, and compared these to the first age at flight. Workers began regular flights as soon as two days after emergence. The unfurling of the wings was completed well before first flights and before any other studied factor, suggesting this did not initially limit flight. Wing beat frequencies, measured as a struggling response to grasping the hindlegs, were about 90% mature by two days old, and did not significantly change after three days. Conversely, by the initiation of flight, the mean enzyme maturation was only 63% completed relative to adult enzyme capacity, though specific enzyme profiles ranged from 42% to 73%. Maximum @entity1 -stimulated mitochondrial respiratory activity on @entity3 and @entity2 matured along a similar time frame to glycolytic capacity, reaching its maximum three days after emergence. Bumblebees, as other adult insects, thus begin flights prior to fully maturing.

title: Behavioural, morphological, and metabolic maturation of newly emerged adult workers of the bumblebee, XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestation of @entity1 /reperfusion injury in renal transplantation is @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which is associated with an increase in acute rejection episodes (ARE), costs, and difficulties in immunosuppressive management. We sought to evaluated the @entity3 impact after renal transplant. METHODS: We evaluated a group of 628 @entity0 undergoing deceased donor renal transplantation between 2002 and 2005 at 3 Brazilians institutions to define the main @entity3 characteristics. RESULTS: @entity3 incidence was 56.8%, being associated with elderly donors (P = .02), longer time on dialysis (P = .001), and greater @entity1 ( @entity1 ; P = .001). Upon multivariate analysis, time on dialysis >5 years increased @entity3 risk by 42% (P = .02) and @entity1 >24 hours increased it by 57% (P = .008). In contrast, @entity3 was associated with an higher incidence of ARE: 27.7% in @entity3 versus 18.4% in IGF @entity0 (P = .047). The ARE risk was 46% higher among individuals with @entity3 (P = .02), 44% among @entity0 >45 years old (P < .001), 50% among those with >5 years of dialysis time (P = .02), and 47% lower among the who were prescribed mycophenolate instead of @entity2 (P < .001). @entity0 with @entity3 showed worse 1-year graft function (54.6    20.3 vs 59.6    19.4 mL/min; P = .004), particularly those with ARE (55.5    19.3 vs 60.7    20.4; P = .009). One-year graft survival was 88.5% among @entity3 versus 94.0% among non- @entity3 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The high incidence of @entity3 was mainly associated with a prolonged @entity1 . There was a relationship between @entity3 and ARE, as well as with a negative influence on long-term graft function.

title: Effects of XXXX and reperfusion injury on long-term graft function.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity3 , @entity2 , and quality of life among acute @entity1 @entity0 undergoing liver transplantation. METHOD: Twenty-four @entity0 underwent transplantation due to @entity4 . After a brief anamnestic interview to gather demographic and clinical information, each @entity0 underwent a psychological assessment using the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36), Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), @entity2 and @entity3 (HAD) Scale, as well as Beck @entity3 Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: The average age of the @entity0 was 41.17 years (  17.03); the mean time after transplantation was 13.50    13.80 months; 83% of the subjects were @entity0 . @entity2 symptoms were observed in 33.2% of the @entity0 and @entity3 in 16.7% by HAD and 45.8% by BDI. By IES-R 46.2% of @entity0 presented high to severe levels of stress. The majority of @entity0 (54.2%) showed good quality of life scores. A correlation analysis indicated a significant negative association between SF-36 score and other scales (from -0.514 to -0.681). Upon a comparative analysis, a significant difference between groups was only noted in SF-36 score (P = .032). CONCLUSION: The results led us to conclude that @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity5 were negatively associated with quality of life in this population. These symptoms also contributed directly to determine well-being among these @entity0 .

title: XXXX , mood disorders, and quality of life in transplant recipients with @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity3 , @entity2 , and quality of life among acute @entity1 @entity0 undergoing liver transplantation. METHOD: Twenty-four @entity0 underwent transplantation due to @entity4 . After a brief anamnestic interview to gather demographic and clinical information, each @entity0 underwent a psychological assessment using the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36), Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), @entity2 and @entity3 (HAD) Scale, as well as Beck @entity3 Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: The average age of the @entity0 was 41.17 years (  17.03); the mean time after transplantation was 13.50    13.80 months; 83% of the subjects were @entity0 . @entity2 symptoms were observed in 33.2% of the @entity0 and @entity3 in 16.7% by HAD and 45.8% by BDI. By IES-R 46.2% of @entity0 presented high to severe levels of stress. The majority of @entity0 (54.2%) showed good quality of life scores. A correlation analysis indicated a significant negative association between SF-36 score and other scales (from -0.514 to -0.681). Upon a comparative analysis, a significant difference between groups was only noted in SF-36 score (P = .032). CONCLUSION: The results led us to conclude that @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity5 were negatively associated with quality of life in this population. These symptoms also contributed directly to determine well-being among these @entity0 .

title: @entity5 , mood disorders, and quality of life in transplant recipients with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a @entity2 where loci within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) account for most of the genetic susceptibility. Nongenetic factors, most likely environmental, are also involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, resulting in T-cell-mediated autoimmune attack against pancreatic beta cells. Although our understanding of the natural history of @entity3 has significantly improved during the last decades, the pathogenesis of the disease remains elusive as are successful strategies for primary intervention. Interesting findings are expected from the emerging field of microRNAs (miRNAs), a family of endogenous small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. They play a key role in post-transcriptional regulation by selectively binding complementary messenger RNAs, thus affecting translation. miRNAs affect key biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, development, and metabolism. In addition, miRNAs are also involved in the regulation of the immune system and insulin secretion. Interestingly, miRNAs have been identified in both normal and pathological conditions, functioning as predictive markers in certain @entity0 diseases. Herein, we have discussed the potential application of this new field to @entity3 . Research in this area may help to identify variations in genes coding for selected miRNAs that may contribute to @entity1 susceptibility. In addition, mechanistic studies on the role of miRNAs in the modulation of the immune system may elucidate important regulatory mechanisms, identifying potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate responses to islet transplantation.

title: MicroRNAs as new tools for exploring type 1 XXXX : relevance for immunomodulation and transplantation therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Auxin plays a fundamental role in organogenesis in plants. Multiple pathways for auxin biosynthesis have been proposed, but none of the predicted pathways are completely understood. Here, we report the positional cloning and characterization of the vanishing tassel2 (vt2) gene of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that vt2 is a co-ortholog of TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF @entity0 1 ( @entity4 ), which converts Trp to @entity3 in one of four hypothesized Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathways. Unlike single mutations in @entity4 , which cause subtle morphological phenotypes in @entity0 , vt2 mutants have dramatic effects on vegetative and reproductive development. vt2 mutants share many similarities with sparse inflorescence1 ( @entity5 ) mutants in @entity1 . @entity5 is proposed to encode an enzyme in the @entity2 pathway for Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis, although this biochemical activity has recently been questioned. Surprisingly, @entity5 vt2 double mutants had only a slightly more severe phenotype than vt2 single mutants. Furthermore, both @entity5 and vt2 single mutants exhibited a reduction in free auxin levels, but the @entity5 vt2 double mutants did not have a further reduction compared with vt2 single mutants. Therefore, both @entity5 and vt2 function in auxin biosynthesis in @entity1 , possibly in the same pathway rather than independently as previously proposed.

title: vanishing tassel2 encodes a grass-specific tryptophan aminotransferase required for vegetative and reproductive development in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 trophoblasts actively proliferate to elongate blastocysts before implantation. The trophoblast at this stage secretes cytokines and starts to differentiate into an endocrine cell (binucleate cell) for successful pregnancy. Intracellular @entity2 ([ @entity0 ]i) may act as a second messenger in the trophoblast response. In this study, we investigated [ @entity0 ]i signals in a @entity1 trophoblast cell line (BT-1) using @entity3 fluorescence. We found that an application of @entity4 (> or =1 microM) induced a transient increase in [ @entity0 ]i in BT-1 cells. The @entity4 -induced increase was not affected by the removal of extracellular @entity0 , but was suppressed by @entity8 (100 microM), an antagonist of P2 receptors. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.1 or 1 microg/ml) partially inhibited the response to @entity4 . The order of potency to increase [ @entity0 ]i was @entity4 = @entity5 > @entity6 . @entity4 -induced [ @entity0 ]i responses preferentially occurred in cells at the periphery of the colony. The reduced responses at the center of the colony were associated with an increase in cell density and decrease in @entity7 incorporation. These results indicated that @entity4 stimulated P2Y receptors coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins, leading to an increase in [ @entity0 ]i as a result of release of @entity0 from intracellular stores in BT-1 cells. The occurrence of @entity4 -induced [ @entity0 ]i signals depended on the cell confluence and reflected the high proliferative activity of the trophoblast cell population.

title: XXXX -evoked increase in intracellular @entity2 via the P2Y receptor in proliferating @entity1 trophoblast cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 trophoblasts actively proliferate to elongate blastocysts before implantation. The trophoblast at this stage secretes cytokines and starts to differentiate into an endocrine cell (binucleate cell) for successful pregnancy. Intracellular @entity2 ([ @entity0 ]i) may act as a second messenger in the trophoblast response. In this study, we investigated [ @entity0 ]i signals in a @entity1 trophoblast cell line (BT-1) using @entity3 fluorescence. We found that an application of @entity4 (> or =1 microM) induced a transient increase in [ @entity0 ]i in BT-1 cells. The @entity4 -induced increase was not affected by the removal of extracellular @entity0 , but was suppressed by @entity8 (100 microM), an antagonist of P2 receptors. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.1 or 1 microg/ml) partially inhibited the response to @entity4 . The order of potency to increase [ @entity0 ]i was @entity4 = @entity5 > @entity6 . @entity4 -induced [ @entity0 ]i responses preferentially occurred in cells at the periphery of the colony. The reduced responses at the center of the colony were associated with an increase in cell density and decrease in @entity7 incorporation. These results indicated that @entity4 stimulated P2Y receptors coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins, leading to an increase in [ @entity0 ]i as a result of release of @entity0 from intracellular stores in BT-1 cells. The occurrence of @entity4 -induced [ @entity0 ]i signals depended on the cell confluence and reflected the high proliferative activity of the trophoblast cell population.

title: @entity4 -evoked increase in intracellular @entity2 via the P2Y receptor in proliferating XXXX trophoblast cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 trophoblasts actively proliferate to elongate blastocysts before implantation. The trophoblast at this stage secretes cytokines and starts to differentiate into an endocrine cell (binucleate cell) for successful pregnancy. Intracellular @entity2 ([ @entity0 ]i) may act as a second messenger in the trophoblast response. In this study, we investigated [ @entity0 ]i signals in a @entity1 trophoblast cell line (BT-1) using @entity3 fluorescence. We found that an application of @entity4 (> or =1 microM) induced a transient increase in [ @entity0 ]i in BT-1 cells. The @entity4 -induced increase was not affected by the removal of extracellular @entity0 , but was suppressed by @entity8 (100 microM), an antagonist of P2 receptors. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.1 or 1 microg/ml) partially inhibited the response to @entity4 . The order of potency to increase [ @entity0 ]i was @entity4 = @entity5 > @entity6 . @entity4 -induced [ @entity0 ]i responses preferentially occurred in cells at the periphery of the colony. The reduced responses at the center of the colony were associated with an increase in cell density and decrease in @entity7 incorporation. These results indicated that @entity4 stimulated P2Y receptors coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins, leading to an increase in [ @entity0 ]i as a result of release of @entity0 from intracellular stores in BT-1 cells. The occurrence of @entity4 -induced [ @entity0 ]i signals depended on the cell confluence and reflected the high proliferative activity of the trophoblast cell population.

title: @entity4 -evoked increase in intracellular XXXX via the P2Y receptor in proliferating @entity1 trophoblast cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to test if @entity3 PCT value at the time of admission is a predictor of mortality and/or a diagnostic marker of concomitant infection in exertional @entity4 . METHODS: 68 @entity0 with exertional @entity4 admitted to the multidisciplinary intensive care unit were studied. Serum PCT was detected by means of a specific and ultrasensitive immunoluminometric assay within 2 h of admission. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was evaluated within 24 h of admission. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in PCT levels between concomitant infection and @entity1 @entity0 (p=0.712). Elevated PCT level in exertional @entity4 @entity0 was associated with a more critical pathological state. PCT values in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were significantly higher than those without @entity2 (p=0.007.). PCT values were also positively correlated with APACHE II scores (r=0.588, p=0.016). PCT values in non-survivors were higher than in survivors at univariate regression analysis (p=0.017). After adjusting for confounders, PCT concentration also remained an independent determinant of mortality (OR 2.98; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.41; p=0.039). Receiver operating characteristic curve for PCT concentration was located above the reference line, which shows an association with mortality. The area under the curve for PCT concentration (0.705; 95% CI 0.547 to 0.862) was statistical significantly (p=0.019). As a predictor of mortality, PCT value was inferior to APACHE II score. CONCLUSIONS: PCT value at the time of admission is an independent predictor of mortality, but maybe not a good indicator of concomitant infection in exertional @entity4 .

title: Serum procalcitonin predicting mortality in exertional XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To review @entity0 with chronic oroantral and oronasal fistula who underwent surgical correction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with chronic @entity8 who underwent surgical correction in the Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery between 1968 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: @entity3 were used for surgical correction. The underlying factors were tooth extraction in 13 @entity0 (48%), @entity1 in 5 (18.5%), @entity7 in 3 (11%), Caldwell-Luc procedure in 2 (7.5%), @entity5 in 2 (7.5%), @entity4 in 1(3.7%), and correction of septal perforation in 1 (3.7%). Among the fistulas, 23 were oroantral, 3 were oroantronasal, and 1 was oronasal, respectively. Two @entity0 required revisional repairment. The surgical procedure failed in 1 @entity2 @entity0 and 3 @entity0 with prior history of external radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Tooth extraction was the most common etiologic factor, and @entity1 should be excluded in all @entity0 . The outcome may not be satisfactory in @entity0 with @entity6 and in @entity0 with history of radiotherapy. Multiple surgical interventions may be necessary only on rare occasions.

title: Treatment of XXXX :experience with 27 cases.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the radiologic results of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) that showed complete responses on follow-up imaging studies after radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of 23 @entity0 (18 male, 5 female, aged 15-71 years; mean age, 48.5 years) affected with @entity3 , from August 1995 to July 2000, who were examined with magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan before and after either radical radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The median follow-up was 24.7 months and ranged from 12 to 48 months. We analyzed the @entity1 by ascertaining/measuring @entity1 size, depth, @entity5 , skull base invasion, and @entity6 . The treatment responses for @entity1 were classified as either @entity4 , scar (asymmetric elevation without enhancement), or normalized. The @entity1 response and the appearance of bone regeneration in the previous destructive part of the skull base were also recorded. RESULTS: The 23 @entity0 consisted of 12 superficial @entity1 , for whom treatment results were normalized in 10, @entity4 in 1, and scar in 1 and 11 deep @entity1 for whom treatment results were scar in 6, normalized in 3, and @entity4 in 2. Skull base invasion was detected in 6 @entity0 , 5 of whom showed complete healing of skull base destruction after radiotherapy. However, the other @entity0 exhibited an unusual hyperostotic change in the skull base mimicking @entity2 of the skull base. CONCLUSIONS: The superficial @entity1 tended to be radiologically normalized even when they were large. However, the deep @entity1 mainly changed to scar after radiation therapy. On the other hand, skull base invasion could be normalized after radiotherapy.

title: XXXX : posttreatment changes of imaging findings.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) obtained with 3.0-T diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and Gleason grades in @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The requirement to obtain institutional review board approval was waived. Fifty-one @entity0 with @entity2 underwent MR imaging before prostatectomy, including DW MR imaging with b values of 0, 50, 500, and 800 sec/mm(2). In prostatectomy specimens, separate slice-by-slice determinations of Gleason grade groups were performed according to primary, secondary, and tertiary Gleason grades. In addition, @entity1 were classified into qualitative grade groups (low-, intermediate-, or high-grade @entity1 ). ADC maps were aligned to step-sections and regions of interest annotated for each @entity1 slice. The median ADC of @entity1 was related to qualitative grade groups with linear mixed-model regression analysis. The accuracy of the median ADC in the most aggressive @entity1 component in the differentiation of low- from combined intermediate- and high-grade @entity1 was summarized by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (A(z)). RESULTS: In 51 prostatectomy specimens, 62 different @entity1 and 251 step-section @entity1 lesions were identified. The median ADC in the @entity1 showed a negative relationship with Gleason grade group, and differences among the three qualitative grade groups were statistically significant (P < .001). Overall, with an increase of one qualitative grade group, the median ADC (  standard deviation) decreased 0.18   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.02. Low-, intermediate-, and high-grade @entity1 had a median ADC of 1.30   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.30, 1.07   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.30, and 0.94   10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.30, respectively. ROC analysis showed a discriminatory performance of A(z) = 0.90 in discerning low-grade from combined intermediate- and high-grade lesions. CONCLUSION: ADCs at 3.0 T showed an inverse relationship to Gleason grades in @entity2 . A high discriminatory performance was achieved in the differentiation of low-, intermediate-, and high-grade @entity1 .

title: Relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients at 3.0-T MR imaging and Gleason grade in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a Muslim Israeli Arab village, different types of @entity1 affect some 2% of the inhabitants. Most cases of profound @entity2 are due to recessive mutations in the @entity3 gene. Since in this community, marriages are by preference within the family (consanguineous), for many of the couples from the village the risk for an affected @entity0 is high. There are 30 families living in the village in which both parents have normal hearing and at least one @entity0 has a profound @entity1 . In these families, the birth of a @entity0 with profound @entity2 did not change family planning. The rate of marriage was similar for the siblings of deaf @entity0 as for other individuals in the village. The major problems were encountered by the deaf individuals themselves; in particular, most of the @entity0 were not married. Because of the distinctive nature of this particular problem, different types of screening programs were envisaged. However, all of them are problematic. Therefore, as a first step it was decided to begin a program including individual genetic counseling together with education of the entire population on practical aspects of @entity0 genetics.

title: High incidence of profound XXXX in an isolated community.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of antibiotic-impregnated sponges (Collatamp) during cardiac surgery is controversial. We analysed the cost-effectiveness of its selective use in @entity0 at high-risk of sternal wound infection (SWI). METHOD: Postoperative costs were analysed in two groups of @entity0 undergoing heart surgery between 2011 and 2013: those with SWI (group 1) and in high-risk @entity0 without SWI (group 2). The potential cost of @entity1 -impregnated collagen sponges (GCS) use in high-risk @entity0 was compared with our current practice. RESULTS: We identified 1,251 @entity0 with at least one recognised risk factor for developing SWI in this period. Of these, 18 developed SWI (incidence 1.4%). The median postoperative cost per @entity0 without SWI was   9,617. The additional cost per @entity0 incurred by SWI was   4,860.75. The annual additional cost for treating @entity0 with SWI was   43,749. With a 50% reduction in SWI, the annual additional cost of treating these @entity0 would be reduced to   21,873. The cost of GCS is   80 per @entity0 . Adding this to   21,873 gives a potential total cost of   71,913 in the treated high-risk cohort. CONCLUSION: In our practice the annual cost of treating SWI in high-risk @entity0 without use of GCS is lower than the annual cost of using GCS in all high-risk @entity0 (  43,749 versus   71,913) if it produces a 50% reduction in SWI. The reduction in the incidence of SWI poses no economic benefit when the cost of the product is factored in.

title: Cost analysis of XXXX -impregnated collagen sponges in preventing sternal wound infection post cardiac surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is debate whether targets for @entity4 length of stay introduced to reduce @entity4 overcrowding are helpful or harmful, as focus on a process target may divert attention from clinical care. Our objective was to investigate the effect of a national @entity4 target in Aotearoa New Zealand on the recommended care for acute @entity3 as this is known to suffer in overcrowded departments. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review study across four sites from 2006 to 2012 (target introduced mid 2009). The primary outcome was time to @entity1 in the @entity4 . The secondary outcomes were other aspects of @entity3 care in @entity4 . We used general linear models or logistic regression as appropriate to assess care before and after the target. RESULTS: Among the 570 (of 1270 randomly selected cases) eligible for analysis, no difference was demonstrated in time to @entity1 : least square mean (95% CI)   =   58.1 (49-67.5) min before and 50.4 (42.9-55.8) min after the target (P   =   0.15). More @entity0 received @entity1 in @entity4 after the target, OR (95% CI)   =   2.1 (1.2-4.3). No differences were demonstrated in those receiving @entity2 prescriptions or re-presentations: OR (95% CI)   =   1.3 (0.9-1.96) and 1.1 (0.5-2.3), respectively. Changes in pre-target and post-target @entity4 and hospital length of stay varied between hospitals. CONCLUSION: Introduction of the target was not associated with a change in times to @entity1 in @entity4 , although more @entity0 received @entity1 in @entity4 indicating closer adherence to recommended practice.

title: Is a national time target for emergency department stay associated with changes in the quality of care for acute XXXX ? A multicentre pre-intervention post-intervention study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resident work hours may impact @entity0 care. We hypothesized that "call-associated" @entity2 has no effect on technical dexterity as measured on a minimally invasive surgery trainer, virtual reality (MIST VR) surgical simulator. METHODS: Thirty-five surgical residents were prospectively evaluated pre-call (rested), on-call (rested), and post-call (acutely sleep deprived). @entity0 completed questionnaires regarding sleep hours and level of @entity1 . Technical skill was assessed using the MIST VR. Speed, errors, and economy of motion were automatically recorded by the MIST VR computer simulator. Data were analyzed by paired Student t test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Estimated hours of sleep and subjective indicators of @entity1 were different between rested and sleep-deprived residents. The number of errors and time to complete all tasks increased at the post-call assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Resident work schedules lead to @entity2 and @entity1 . Call-associated @entity2 and @entity1 are associated with increased technical errors in the performance of simulated laparoscopic surgical skills.

title: Effect of XXXX on the performance of simulated laparoscopic surgical skill.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CymA, the outer membrane component of the cyclodextrin (CD) uptake and metabolism system of @entity2 , was reconstituted into lipid bilayer membranes. The channel properties of this unusual porin were studied in detail. The binding of CDs to the channel resulted in its complete block for ion transport. This result allowed the detailed investigation of @entity0 binding, and the stability constants for the binding of cyclic and linear @entity1 to the binding site inside the channel were calculated from titration experiments of the membrane conductance with the @entity1 . Highest stability constant was observed for @entity5 ( @entity6 ; K = 32,000 1/M) followed by @entity3 ( @entity4 ; K = 1970 1/M) and @entity7 ( @entity8 ; K = 310 1/M). Linear maltooligosaccharides bound also to CymA but with much smaller stability constants as compared to cyclic ones. The noise of the current through CymA in multi- and single-channel experiments was investigated using fast Fourier transformation. The current through the open channels had a rather high spectral density, which was a Lorentzian function of the frequency up to 2000 Hz. Upon addition of cyclic dextrins to the aqueous phase the spectral density decreased in a dose-dependent manner, which made it impossible to evaluate the binding kinetics. Experiments with single CymA-channels demonstrated the channel is highly asymmetric concerning channel flickers and current noise.

title: CymA of XXXX outer membrane: binding of cyclodextrins and study of the current noise of the open channel.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing attention has focused on the association between body @entity2 and related metabolic risk factors. The quantitative link between percentage body fat (%BF) and the risk of @entity1 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the risk [odds ratios (ORs)] of @entity1 based on %BF in black and white @entity0 and @entity0 in the United States and to provide corresponding ranges of %BF associated with a risk equivalent to body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)). DESIGN: The subjects were @entity0 in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and were divided into those with and without the @entity1 . OR equations were derived from logistic regression models for %BF and BMI, with the 25th percentile in the study population as the reference. Ranges were developed by associating %BF with the equivalent risk of @entity1 based on established BMI cutoffs. RESULTS: Four sets ( @entity0 , @entity0 , black, and white) of OR curves were generated for %BF and for BMI by using data from 8259 adults. The ORs for @entity1 were lower in blacks than in whites at any given %BF or BMI. The developed cutoffs for %BF differed between @entity0 and @entity0 but showed only small race and age effects. A simplified set of sex-specific %BF ranges for the risk of @entity1 were developed. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity1 can be established from measured %BF by using either the developed OR curves or %BF thresholds at traditional BMI cutoffs. This information should prove useful in both clinical and research settings.

title: Percentage body fat ranges associated with XXXX risk: results based on the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994).

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We have previously developed a risk table to predict the probability of a positive bone scan among @entity0 with non-metastatic castrate resistant @entity2 (M0 CRPC). Herein, we tested its external validity of this risk table in a separate cohort. @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 429 bone scans of 281 CRPC @entity0 with no known prior @entity1 treated at three Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. We assessed the predictors of a positive scan using generalized estimating equations. Area under the curve (AUC), calibration plots and decision curve analysis were used to assess the performance of our prior model to predict a positive scan in the current data. RESULTS: A total of 113 scans (26%) were positive. On multivariable analysis, the only significant predictors of a positive scan were log-transformed PSA (HR 2.13, 95%CI 1.71-2.66, p<0.001) and log-transformed PSA doubling time (PSADT; HR=0.53, 95%CI 0.41-0.68, p<0.001). Among @entity0 with a PSA <5 ng/ml, the rate of positive scans was 5%. The previously developed risk table had an AUC of 0.735 to predict positive bone scan with excellent calibration and provided additional net benefit in the decision curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We have validated our previously developed table to predict the risk of a positive bone scan among @entity0 with M0/Mx CRPC. Use of this risk table may allow better tailoring of @entity0 ' scanning to identify @entity1 early while minimizing over-imaging. Regardless of PSADT, positive bone scans were rare in @entity0 with a PSA <5 ng/ml. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Validation of a bone scan positivity risk table in non-metastatic castration-resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies on @entity1 recurrence in younger adults often contain small sample size which makes it difficult to study trends in @entity1 recurrence over a long period of time. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to investigate temporal trends in the risk of recurrence in younger @entity0 with a first @entity2 . METHODS: All @entity0 and @entity0 aged 18-54 years who had survived at least 28 days after a first @entity2 from 1987 to 2006 were identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register. The @entity0 were stratified into four 5-year periods according to their admission period and were followed up for a total of four years after the index event with regard to recurrent @entity2 . A Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk of recurrent @entity2 . RESULTS: Of the 17,149 @entity2 @entity0 who were identified, 2432 (14.2%) had a recurrent @entity2 event within four years. From the first to the last periods (1987-1991 versus 2002-2006), the four-year risk of recurrent @entity2 decreased by 55% (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.53) in @entity0 and 59% (hazard ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.50) in @entity0 . The cumulative four-year risk was 11.8% (95% CI 10.55-13.25) in @entity0 and 9.8% (95% CI 8.40-11.46) in @entity0 during the last five-year period (2002-2006). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of recurrence among younger @entity2 @entity0 has decreased over the past 20 years. Despite these improvements, younger @entity0 are still at a high risk for recurrent @entity2 .

title: Trends in risk of recurrence after the first XXXX in adults younger than 55 years of age in Sweden.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of preoperative intravenous (IV) @entity5 and preoperative @entity5 infiltration of trocar sites on @entity2 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTING: Operating room, recovery room, and surgical ward. @entity0 : 70 ASA physical status 1 and 2 @entity0 , aged 20-70 years, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. INTERVENTIONS: In Group I, @entity0 received IV 2.0 mg/kg of @entity5 ; in Group II, trocar insertion points were infiltrated with 2.0 mg/kg of @entity5 in 20 mL of 0.9% @entity4 . MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 scores, sedation scores, postoperative analgesic requirement, and @entity3 were recorded at 0 and 30 minutes and one, three, 6, 12, and 24 hours. At 30 minutes and one hour, @entity1 localization (incisional or diffuse abdominal) was also recorded. MAIN RESULTS: Visual analog scale scores at 30 minutes were significantly lower in Group II [3 (0-7)] than Group I [6 (3-8)] (P < 0.001). In Group I, 91.4% of @entity0 received @entity6 , while 68.6% of Group II @entity0 received @entity6 (P = 0.002). The time to first analgesic requirement was significantly lower in Group II (P = 0.004). At the 30-minute measurement time, a significant difference was recorded between the groups in incisional @entity1 (P < 0.001). There was also a significant difference between groups in the frequency of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Trocar site infiltration of @entity5 improves early @entity2 and decreases @entity3 .

title: Preincisional local infiltration of @entity5 at the trocar site versus intravenous @entity5 for XXXX control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of preoperative intravenous (IV) @entity5 and preoperative @entity5 infiltration of trocar sites on @entity2 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTING: Operating room, recovery room, and surgical ward. @entity0 : 70 ASA physical status 1 and 2 @entity0 , aged 20-70 years, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. INTERVENTIONS: In Group I, @entity0 received IV 2.0 mg/kg of @entity5 ; in Group II, trocar insertion points were infiltrated with 2.0 mg/kg of @entity5 in 20 mL of 0.9% @entity4 . MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 scores, sedation scores, postoperative analgesic requirement, and @entity3 were recorded at 0 and 30 minutes and one, three, 6, 12, and 24 hours. At 30 minutes and one hour, @entity1 localization (incisional or diffuse abdominal) was also recorded. MAIN RESULTS: Visual analog scale scores at 30 minutes were significantly lower in Group II [3 (0-7)] than Group I [6 (3-8)] (P < 0.001). In Group I, 91.4% of @entity0 received @entity6 , while 68.6% of Group II @entity0 received @entity6 (P = 0.002). The time to first analgesic requirement was significantly lower in Group II (P = 0.004). At the 30-minute measurement time, a significant difference was recorded between the groups in incisional @entity1 (P < 0.001). There was also a significant difference between groups in the frequency of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Trocar site infiltration of @entity5 improves early @entity2 and decreases @entity3 .

title: Preincisional local infiltration of XXXX at the trocar site versus intravenous @entity5 for @entity1 control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of preoperative intravenous (IV) @entity5 and preoperative @entity5 infiltration of trocar sites on @entity2 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTING: Operating room, recovery room, and surgical ward. @entity0 : 70 ASA physical status 1 and 2 @entity0 , aged 20-70 years, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. INTERVENTIONS: In Group I, @entity0 received IV 2.0 mg/kg of @entity5 ; in Group II, trocar insertion points were infiltrated with 2.0 mg/kg of @entity5 in 20 mL of 0.9% @entity4 . MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 scores, sedation scores, postoperative analgesic requirement, and @entity3 were recorded at 0 and 30 minutes and one, three, 6, 12, and 24 hours. At 30 minutes and one hour, @entity1 localization (incisional or diffuse abdominal) was also recorded. MAIN RESULTS: Visual analog scale scores at 30 minutes were significantly lower in Group II [3 (0-7)] than Group I [6 (3-8)] (P < 0.001). In Group I, 91.4% of @entity0 received @entity6 , while 68.6% of Group II @entity0 received @entity6 (P = 0.002). The time to first analgesic requirement was significantly lower in Group II (P = 0.004). At the 30-minute measurement time, a significant difference was recorded between the groups in incisional @entity1 (P < 0.001). There was also a significant difference between groups in the frequency of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Trocar site infiltration of @entity5 improves early @entity2 and decreases @entity3 .

title: Preincisional local infiltration of @entity5 at the trocar site versus intravenous XXXX for @entity1 control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lack of health insurance limits access to preventive services, including @entity2 screening. We examined the effects of Medicare eligibility on the appropriate use of @entity2 screening services in the United States. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor and Surveillance System (analyzed in 2014). Univariable and logistic regression analyses were performed for @entity1 aged 60-64 and 66-70 to examine the effects of Medicare eligibility on prevalence of self-reported screening for @entity0 . Sub-analyses were performed among low-income (< 25,000 annual/household) individuals. RESULTS: Medicare-eligible individuals were significantly more likely to undergo all examined preventive services ( @entity3 OR: 1.90; 95% CI 1.79-2.04; @entity4 OR: 1.29; 95% CI 1.17-1.43; @entity0 OR: 1.23; 95% CI 1.10-1.37) and the effect was most pronounced among low-income individuals ( @entity3 OR: 2.04; 95% CI 1.8-2.32; @entity4 OR: 1.39; 95% CI 1.12-1.72; @entity0 OR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.20-1.67). Access to a healthcare provider was the strongest independent predictor of undergoing appropriate screening, ranging from OR 2.73 (95% CI 2.20-3.39) for @entity3 screening in the low-income population to OR 4.79 (95% CI 3.95-5.81) for @entity0 screening in the overall cohort. The difference in screening prevalence was most pronounced when comparing Medicare-eligible @entity1 to uninsured Medicare-ineligible @entity1 (+33.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Medicare eligibility impacts the prevalence of @entity2 screening, likely as a result of increased access to primary care. Low-income individuals benefit most from Medicare eligibility. Expanded public insurance coverage to these individuals may improve access to preventive services.

title: The impact of Medicare eligibility on XXXX screening behaviors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation is the most common chromosomal translocation in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), but the cytogenetic and immunophenotypic features of @entity4 with t(11;14)(q13;q32) remain to be fully elucidated. To address the issue, we retrospectively analyzed 21 newly diagnosed @entity4 @entity0 with the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation in our institute. @entity5 is a B-cell-specific transmembrane protein that is the topic of much focus as a potential target in immunotherapy. We observed a low incidence of @entity5 expression (2 of 21 @entity0 , 11%), although the expression of @entity5 was previously reported to be associated with t(11;14)(q13;q32). @entity10 is an essential transcriptional factor involved in B-cell development and commitment, and is down-regulated upon plasma cell differentiation. We observed one @entity0 (6%) with expression of @entity10 . The expression of @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity11 was detected in one (0.7%), nine (60%), and 13 @entity0 (87%), respectively. @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity1 were detected in all @entity0 ; on the other hand, neither @entity8 nor @entity12 was detected in any of the evaluated @entity0 . Abnormalities of chromosome 13 were detected in six @entity0 (38%), but deletion of @entity2 was not observed in any of the evaluated @entity0 . Our results suggest the absence of @entity8 and @entity12 expression, and infrequent expression of @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity6 in @entity4 with t(11;14)(q13;q32), in contrast to the findings of earlier reports. [J Clin Exp Hematop 55(3) : 137-143, 2015].

title: Cytogenetic Study and Analysis of Protein Expression in Plasma Cell Myeloma with t(11;14)(q13;q32): Absence of @entity8 and XXXX , and Infrequent Expression of @entity5 and @entity10 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation is the most common chromosomal translocation in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), but the cytogenetic and immunophenotypic features of @entity4 with t(11;14)(q13;q32) remain to be fully elucidated. To address the issue, we retrospectively analyzed 21 newly diagnosed @entity4 @entity0 with the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation in our institute. @entity5 is a B-cell-specific transmembrane protein that is the topic of much focus as a potential target in immunotherapy. We observed a low incidence of @entity5 expression (2 of 21 @entity0 , 11%), although the expression of @entity5 was previously reported to be associated with t(11;14)(q13;q32). @entity10 is an essential transcriptional factor involved in B-cell development and commitment, and is down-regulated upon plasma cell differentiation. We observed one @entity0 (6%) with expression of @entity10 . The expression of @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity11 was detected in one (0.7%), nine (60%), and 13 @entity0 (87%), respectively. @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity1 were detected in all @entity0 ; on the other hand, neither @entity8 nor @entity12 was detected in any of the evaluated @entity0 . Abnormalities of chromosome 13 were detected in six @entity0 (38%), but deletion of @entity2 was not observed in any of the evaluated @entity0 . Our results suggest the absence of @entity8 and @entity12 expression, and infrequent expression of @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity6 in @entity4 with t(11;14)(q13;q32), in contrast to the findings of earlier reports. [J Clin Exp Hematop 55(3) : 137-143, 2015].

title: Cytogenetic Study and Analysis of Protein Expression in Plasma Cell Myeloma with t(11;14)(q13;q32): Absence of XXXX and @entity12 , and Infrequent Expression of @entity5 and @entity10 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation is the most common chromosomal translocation in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), but the cytogenetic and immunophenotypic features of @entity4 with t(11;14)(q13;q32) remain to be fully elucidated. To address the issue, we retrospectively analyzed 21 newly diagnosed @entity4 @entity0 with the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation in our institute. @entity5 is a B-cell-specific transmembrane protein that is the topic of much focus as a potential target in immunotherapy. We observed a low incidence of @entity5 expression (2 of 21 @entity0 , 11%), although the expression of @entity5 was previously reported to be associated with t(11;14)(q13;q32). @entity10 is an essential transcriptional factor involved in B-cell development and commitment, and is down-regulated upon plasma cell differentiation. We observed one @entity0 (6%) with expression of @entity10 . The expression of @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity11 was detected in one (0.7%), nine (60%), and 13 @entity0 (87%), respectively. @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity1 were detected in all @entity0 ; on the other hand, neither @entity8 nor @entity12 was detected in any of the evaluated @entity0 . Abnormalities of chromosome 13 were detected in six @entity0 (38%), but deletion of @entity2 was not observed in any of the evaluated @entity0 . Our results suggest the absence of @entity8 and @entity12 expression, and infrequent expression of @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity6 in @entity4 with t(11;14)(q13;q32), in contrast to the findings of earlier reports. [J Clin Exp Hematop 55(3) : 137-143, 2015].

title: Cytogenetic Study and Analysis of Protein Expression in Plasma Cell Myeloma with t(11;14)(q13;q32): Absence of @entity8 and @entity12 , and Infrequent Expression of @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation is the most common chromosomal translocation in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), but the cytogenetic and immunophenotypic features of @entity4 with t(11;14)(q13;q32) remain to be fully elucidated. To address the issue, we retrospectively analyzed 21 newly diagnosed @entity4 @entity0 with the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation in our institute. @entity5 is a B-cell-specific transmembrane protein that is the topic of much focus as a potential target in immunotherapy. We observed a low incidence of @entity5 expression (2 of 21 @entity0 , 11%), although the expression of @entity5 was previously reported to be associated with t(11;14)(q13;q32). @entity10 is an essential transcriptional factor involved in B-cell development and commitment, and is down-regulated upon plasma cell differentiation. We observed one @entity0 (6%) with expression of @entity10 . The expression of @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity11 was detected in one (0.7%), nine (60%), and 13 @entity0 (87%), respectively. @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity1 were detected in all @entity0 ; on the other hand, neither @entity8 nor @entity12 was detected in any of the evaluated @entity0 . Abnormalities of chromosome 13 were detected in six @entity0 (38%), but deletion of @entity2 was not observed in any of the evaluated @entity0 . Our results suggest the absence of @entity8 and @entity12 expression, and infrequent expression of @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity6 in @entity4 with t(11;14)(q13;q32), in contrast to the findings of earlier reports. [J Clin Exp Hematop 55(3) : 137-143, 2015].

title: Cytogenetic Study and Analysis of Protein Expression in Plasma Cell Myeloma with t(11;14)(q13;q32): Absence of @entity8 and @entity12 , and Infrequent Expression of XXXX and @entity10 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: New or worsening @entity2 in @entity0 responding to treatment, known as the flare phenomenon is well described on @entity6 bone scintigraphy, but to our knowledge has not previously been described on CT. The appearance of new or worsening @entity2 on CT in @entity0 with @entity3 may therefore be erroneously classified as disease progression. PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of @entity4 flare response at 3-month CT assessment in @entity0 with castrate-resistant @entity3 and to identify associated features that enable differentiation from progressive metastatic @entity2 at 3 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT scans of 67 @entity0 with castrate-resistant @entity3 undergoing treatment were reviewed by a radiologist blinded to clinical outcome. Changes in number, size, and density of metastatic @entity2 were documented and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) in soft tissue lesions, alkaline phosphatase, @entity5 , and @entity6 bone scans were used for correlation. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity0 who had 3- and 6-month follow-up, eight @entity0 (21%) demonstrated an increase in number, size, or density of @entity1 on the 3-month CT scan despite improvement in PSA and soft tissue lesions. Three out of eight @entity0 (8%) maintained partial response/remained stable at follow-up and were defined as showing a flare response: in this group bone metastases evident on CT showed a qualitative and quantitative increase in density and no lesions faded at 3 months. In contrast, in all @entity0 who progressed at 3 months by PSA/RECIST criteria (n = 8) @entity2 showed a mixed pattern with some lesions increasing and others decreasing in density. CONCLUSION: The incidence of flare response of metastatic @entity2 evident at 3-month post-treatment CT in @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing systemic treatment is 8%. In @entity0 with falling PSA and stable/responding soft tissue disease at 3 months an increase in @entity2 in the absence of fading bone metastases can be interpreted as flare and is likely to represent a response.

title: The CT flare response of metastatic @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: New or worsening @entity2 in @entity0 responding to treatment, known as the flare phenomenon is well described on @entity6 bone scintigraphy, but to our knowledge has not previously been described on CT. The appearance of new or worsening @entity2 on CT in @entity0 with @entity3 may therefore be erroneously classified as disease progression. PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of @entity4 flare response at 3-month CT assessment in @entity0 with castrate-resistant @entity3 and to identify associated features that enable differentiation from progressive metastatic @entity2 at 3 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT scans of 67 @entity0 with castrate-resistant @entity3 undergoing treatment were reviewed by a radiologist blinded to clinical outcome. Changes in number, size, and density of metastatic @entity2 were documented and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) in soft tissue lesions, alkaline phosphatase, @entity5 , and @entity6 bone scans were used for correlation. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity0 who had 3- and 6-month follow-up, eight @entity0 (21%) demonstrated an increase in number, size, or density of @entity1 on the 3-month CT scan despite improvement in PSA and soft tissue lesions. Three out of eight @entity0 (8%) maintained partial response/remained stable at follow-up and were defined as showing a flare response: in this group bone metastases evident on CT showed a qualitative and quantitative increase in density and no lesions faded at 3 months. In contrast, in all @entity0 who progressed at 3 months by PSA/RECIST criteria (n = 8) @entity2 showed a mixed pattern with some lesions increasing and others decreasing in density. CONCLUSION: The incidence of flare response of metastatic @entity2 evident at 3-month post-treatment CT in @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing systemic treatment is 8%. In @entity0 with falling PSA and stable/responding soft tissue disease at 3 months an increase in @entity2 in the absence of fading bone metastases can be interpreted as flare and is likely to represent a response.

title: The CT flare response of metastatic XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence and findings of tuberculous invasion of the peripheral bronchus have not been fully investigated with MDCT. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence and findings of MDCT abnormalities of small- and medium-sized bronchus (SMB) in active @entity3 ( @entity1 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using multiplanar reformation, 35 consecutive MDCT scans (follow-up exams available in 14 @entity0 with a mean interval of 8.1 months) were assessed for following abnormalities of SMB: bronchial impaction (BI), wall thickening, dilatation, peribronchial cuff of soft tissue, and bronchocavitary fistula. It was also assessed whether tree-in-buds (TIB) have a tendency to distribute in the territories of diseased SMB, and whether @entity2 are present in @entity0 with relatively mild disease. RESULTS: @entity2 were observed in 23 (65.7%) @entity0 with active @entity1 . The most frequent finding was wall thickening (n = 18, 51.4%), followed by BI (n = 13, 37.1%; zigzag-shaped in four), dilatation (n = 11, 31.4%), amputated appearance of air column (n = 11, 31.4%), peribronchial cuff of soft tissue (n = 10, 28.6%), and bronchocavitary fistula (n =8, 22.9%). TIB (n = 29; absent in two @entity0 with SMB) was mainly within (n = 14) or close to (n = 4) the territory of diseased SMB. Follow-up CT frequently showed improvement of wall thickening (11/12) and persistence of bronchial dilatation (11/13). SMB abnormality was present in all of six @entity0 with mild disease. CONCLUSION: MDCT shows that tuberculous invasion of the peripheral bronchus may be more frequent than previously thought, of which findings include wall thickening, BI, dilatation, amputated appearance of air column, peribronchial cuff of soft tissue and bronchocavitary fistula.

title: MDCT abnormalities of small- and medium-sized bronchus in active XXXX : a new angle on an old disease.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The morphological analysis prior to endovascular @entity1 repair (EVAR) plays an important role in long-term outcomes. Post-imaging analysis of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) by three-dimensional reconstruction with central lumen line detection ( @entity3 3D-CTA) enables measurements to be made in orthogonal slices. This might be more precise than equal post-imaging analysis in axial slices by two-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (2D-CTA). PURPOSE: To evaluate the intra- and interobserver variability of @entity3 3D-CTA and 2D-CTA post-imaging analysis methods and the agreement between them in pre-EVAR suitability analysis of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Anonymized CTA data-sets from 70 @entity0 with @entity2 were analyzed retrospectively. Length measurements included proximal and distal aortic neck lengths and total distance from the lower renal artery to the higher iliac bifurcation. Width measurements included proximal and distal neck diameters, maximum @entity2 diameter and common iliac diameters just above the iliac bifurcations. The measurements were performed in random order by two vascular surgeons, twice per method with 1-month interval between readings. In the @entity3 3D-CTA method we used semi-automated @entity3 detection by software and manual measurements on CTA slices perpendicular to @entity3 . The equal measurements in 2D-CTA were performed manually on axial CTA slices using a DICOM viewer workstation. The intra- and interobserver variability, as well as the agreement between the two methods were assessed by Bland-Altman test and bivariate correlation analysis. RESULTS: The intraobserver variability was significantly higher in 2D-CTA measurements for both readers. The interobserver variability was significant in 2D-CTA measurements of proximal neck dimensions while the agreement in @entity3 3D-CTA analysis between the two readers was excellent in all studied parameters. The agreement between the two suitability analysis techniques was poor for both readers, especially in measurements of proximal neck's dimensions and in total aortoiliac length (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In pre-EVAR morphological evaluation of AAAs the @entity3 -3D CTA post-imaging analysis has better intra- and interobserver correlation than 2D-CTA and might represent a useful tool for the proper selection of endograft's type and size.

title: Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional CT angiography in analysis of anatomical suitability for stentgraft repair of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a life-threatening condition accompanied by @entity4 . @entity8 (TAE/ @entity10 ) can be used as the first-line treatment to achieve initial homeostasis. PURPOSE: To investigate the outcome of TAE/ @entity10 for spontaneous @entity3 and to determine the prognostic factors affecting survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicoradiologic data of 47 @entity0 (8 @entity0 , 39 @entity0 ; median age 64.4 years) with serum @entity5 levels <3.0 mg/dL that underwent TAE/ @entity10 for @entity3 between January 2004 and June 2010. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors of poor survival were obtained by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The clinical success rate of TAE/ @entity10 was 94% (44/47). The median survival time was 179.6 days. The 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month survival rates were 75%, 54%, 48%, and 43%, respectively. Old age, a previous history of @entity10 for @entity3 , low initial hemoglobin level, higher blood transfusion requirement, @entity0 -Pugh class C, high serum @entity5 level, low serum albumin level, prolonged prothrombin time, high serum @entity9 level on admission, presence of @entity2 , severe @entity7 , lobar TAE/ @entity10 , presence of @entity6 , and @entity1 involving both lobes were associated with poor survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher blood transfusion requirement, @entity0 -Pugh class C, presence of @entity6 , and @entity1 involving both lobes were significant predictors of poor survival. CONCLUSION: TAE/ @entity10 is effective for achieving initial hemostasis, which is critical to survival. Regardless of successful TAE/ @entity10 , the survival rate in @entity0 with @entity0 -Pugh class C remains poor. @entity6 and @entity1 extent are significant image parameters for predicting survival after TAE/ @entity10 for @entity3 .

title: Outcome and prognostic factors of spontaneous XXXX treated with transarterial embolization.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer antigen (CA) 125 is a glycoprotein that provides data on the state of the peritoneal membrane in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity2 ( @entity2 ) acts as a mediator in acute-phase responses. The study evaluated the usefulness of @entity3 and @entity2 in random effluent samples, by assessing their variability in individual @entity0 during clinical practice at the outpatient department. METHODS: This longitudinal prospective study was conducted from 2007 till 2009. @entity0 included 52 stable @entity1 @entity0 aged >=  18 years. Effluent samples were obtained during regular outpatient visits and appearance rates (ARs) were calculated. Inter- and intra-individual variability was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV). A linear mixed model was used to analyse time courses. Furthermore, release patterns of these effluent markers were studied. RESULTS: @entity3 -AR of short-term @entity0 ( <= 24 months) ranged from 39.2 to 766.7 U/min and @entity2 -AR from 15.5 to 220.0 pg/min. Long-term @entity0 (>=  25 months) had a @entity3 -AR of 7.3-1534.0 U/min and @entity2 -AR of 6.9-956.4 pg/min. Overall, CV(intra) was 15% in effluent @entity3 -AR and 28% in @entity2 -AR. Intermediate sampling during a 4-h dwell showed a linear increase of @entity3 and @entity2 effluent concentrations. The trend of @entity3 -AR was different (P = 0.001) between short- and long-term @entity0 . A negative relationship was found between @entity3 (r = -0.44, P = 0.02) and @entity1 duration. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical relevance of effluent @entity3 determinations from an unstandardized dwell during every outpatient visit is reasonable, as judged from the CV(intra). The inferior CV(intra) values of ARs as compared to effluent values indicate that ARs should only be calculated under standardized conditions. A single @entity2 measurement, as a predictor of outcome, should be interpreted cautiously.

title: Variability of effluent cancer antigen 125 and XXXX determination in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer antigen (CA) 125 is a glycoprotein that provides data on the state of the peritoneal membrane in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity2 ( @entity2 ) acts as a mediator in acute-phase responses. The study evaluated the usefulness of @entity3 and @entity2 in random effluent samples, by assessing their variability in individual @entity0 during clinical practice at the outpatient department. METHODS: This longitudinal prospective study was conducted from 2007 till 2009. @entity0 included 52 stable @entity1 @entity0 aged >=  18 years. Effluent samples were obtained during regular outpatient visits and appearance rates (ARs) were calculated. Inter- and intra-individual variability was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV). A linear mixed model was used to analyse time courses. Furthermore, release patterns of these effluent markers were studied. RESULTS: @entity3 -AR of short-term @entity0 ( <= 24 months) ranged from 39.2 to 766.7 U/min and @entity2 -AR from 15.5 to 220.0 pg/min. Long-term @entity0 (>=  25 months) had a @entity3 -AR of 7.3-1534.0 U/min and @entity2 -AR of 6.9-956.4 pg/min. Overall, CV(intra) was 15% in effluent @entity3 -AR and 28% in @entity2 -AR. Intermediate sampling during a 4-h dwell showed a linear increase of @entity3 and @entity2 effluent concentrations. The trend of @entity3 -AR was different (P = 0.001) between short- and long-term @entity0 . A negative relationship was found between @entity3 (r = -0.44, P = 0.02) and @entity1 duration. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical relevance of effluent @entity3 determinations from an unstandardized dwell during every outpatient visit is reasonable, as judged from the CV(intra). The inferior CV(intra) values of ARs as compared to effluent values indicate that ARs should only be calculated under standardized conditions. A single @entity2 measurement, as a predictor of outcome, should be interpreted cautiously.

title: Variability of effluent cancer antigen 125 and @entity2 determination in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer antigen (CA) 125 is a glycoprotein that provides data on the state of the peritoneal membrane in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity2 ( @entity2 ) acts as a mediator in acute-phase responses. The study evaluated the usefulness of @entity3 and @entity2 in random effluent samples, by assessing their variability in individual @entity0 during clinical practice at the outpatient department. METHODS: This longitudinal prospective study was conducted from 2007 till 2009. @entity0 included 52 stable @entity1 @entity0 aged >=  18 years. Effluent samples were obtained during regular outpatient visits and appearance rates (ARs) were calculated. Inter- and intra-individual variability was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV). A linear mixed model was used to analyse time courses. Furthermore, release patterns of these effluent markers were studied. RESULTS: @entity3 -AR of short-term @entity0 ( <= 24 months) ranged from 39.2 to 766.7 U/min and @entity2 -AR from 15.5 to 220.0 pg/min. Long-term @entity0 (>=  25 months) had a @entity3 -AR of 7.3-1534.0 U/min and @entity2 -AR of 6.9-956.4 pg/min. Overall, CV(intra) was 15% in effluent @entity3 -AR and 28% in @entity2 -AR. Intermediate sampling during a 4-h dwell showed a linear increase of @entity3 and @entity2 effluent concentrations. The trend of @entity3 -AR was different (P = 0.001) between short- and long-term @entity0 . A negative relationship was found between @entity3 (r = -0.44, P = 0.02) and @entity1 duration. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical relevance of effluent @entity3 determinations from an unstandardized dwell during every outpatient visit is reasonable, as judged from the CV(intra). The inferior CV(intra) values of ARs as compared to effluent values indicate that ARs should only be calculated under standardized conditions. A single @entity2 measurement, as a predictor of outcome, should be interpreted cautiously.

title: Variability of effluent cancer antigen 125 and @entity2 determination in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 (SA) has been implicated in @entity3 episodes of haemodialysis because of its vasodilatory effects. The haemodynamic correlates of the changes in blood pressure, cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) are well known but the site of action of SA (i.e. arteriolar, venular or both) is not yet clarified. We thus studied the changes in CO, TPR and mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by four graded doses of SA (0.034 to 0.300 mEq/kg/min) in seven normal @entity2 . To evaluate the site of vasodilation we also measured the changes in cardiopulmonary volume ( @entity6 ), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and mean transit time ( @entity1 ). From control to the highest infusion rate, CO increased from 1.63 +/- 0.20 to 3.59 +/- 0.38L/min (p less than 0.001), TPR decreased from 78.2 +/- 11.3 to 36.4 +/- 4.8A.U. (p less than 0.001). MAP rose significantly from 107.2 +/- 4.0 to 116.5 +/- 8.5 mmHg (p less than 0.05) and @entity0 volume was maintained (17.2 +/- 2.3 to 19.6 +/- 2.1 ml, NS) in spite of the marked @entity4 observed (heart rate from 106.1 +/- 7.6 to 194.8 +/- 9.1bpm, p less than 0.001). This was associated with increases in MPAP (from 13.3 +/- 0.7 to 19.6 +/- 2.1mmHg, p less than 0.01) and @entity6 (from 195.0 +/- 21.3 to 224.4 +/- 24.3ml, p less than 0.01) and marked decrease in @entity1 (from 7.74 +/- 0.73 to 3.78 +/- 0.22 sec, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX , an arterial vasodilator: haemodynamic characterisation in normal @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 (SA) has been implicated in @entity3 episodes of haemodialysis because of its vasodilatory effects. The haemodynamic correlates of the changes in blood pressure, cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) are well known but the site of action of SA (i.e. arteriolar, venular or both) is not yet clarified. We thus studied the changes in CO, TPR and mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by four graded doses of SA (0.034 to 0.300 mEq/kg/min) in seven normal @entity2 . To evaluate the site of vasodilation we also measured the changes in cardiopulmonary volume ( @entity6 ), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and mean transit time ( @entity1 ). From control to the highest infusion rate, CO increased from 1.63 +/- 0.20 to 3.59 +/- 0.38L/min (p less than 0.001), TPR decreased from 78.2 +/- 11.3 to 36.4 +/- 4.8A.U. (p less than 0.001). MAP rose significantly from 107.2 +/- 4.0 to 116.5 +/- 8.5 mmHg (p less than 0.05) and @entity0 volume was maintained (17.2 +/- 2.3 to 19.6 +/- 2.1 ml, NS) in spite of the marked @entity4 observed (heart rate from 106.1 +/- 7.6 to 194.8 +/- 9.1bpm, p less than 0.001). This was associated with increases in MPAP (from 13.3 +/- 0.7 to 19.6 +/- 2.1mmHg, p less than 0.01) and @entity6 (from 195.0 +/- 21.3 to 224.4 +/- 24.3ml, p less than 0.01) and marked decrease in @entity1 (from 7.74 +/- 0.73 to 3.78 +/- 0.22 sec, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity5 , an arterial vasodilator: haemodynamic characterisation in normal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM(S): Little is known about the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of @entity1 in newborns undergoing controlled @entity3 after suffering from @entity4 due to perinatal @entity2 . This study prospectively evaluates and describes the population PK of @entity1 in these @entity0 . METHODS: Demographic-, clinical-, and laboratory data of @entity0 included in a multicenter prospective observational cohort study (the "PharmaCool Study") were collected. A non-linear mixed-effects regression analysis (NONMEM(  ) ) was performed to describe the population PK of @entity1 . The most optimal dosing regimen was evaluated based on simulations of the final model. RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity0 receiving @entity1 were included in the analysis. The PK was best described by an allometric 2-compartment model with gestational age (GA) as a covariate on clearance (Cl). During @entity3 the Cl of a typical @entity0 (3   kg, GA 40   weeks, 2   days post natal age (PNA)) was 0.06   L/kg   h(-1) (inter-individual variability (IIV) 26.6%) and volume of distribution of the central compartment (Vc) was 0.46   L   kg(-1) (IIV 40.8%). Cl was constant during @entity3 and rewarming, but increased with 29% after reaching normothermia (>96   hours PNA). CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the PK of @entity1 in neonates undergoing controlled @entity3 . The 29% higher Cl in the normothermic phase compared to the preceding phases suggests a delay in normalization of Cl after rewarming has occurred. Based on simulations we recommend an empiric dose of 5   mg   kg(-1) every 36   hours or every 24   hours for @entity0 with GA 36-40 weeks and GA 42   weeks, respectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Altered XXXX pharmacokinetics in term neonates undergoing controlled @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM(S): Little is known about the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of @entity1 in newborns undergoing controlled @entity3 after suffering from @entity4 due to perinatal @entity2 . This study prospectively evaluates and describes the population PK of @entity1 in these @entity0 . METHODS: Demographic-, clinical-, and laboratory data of @entity0 included in a multicenter prospective observational cohort study (the "PharmaCool Study") were collected. A non-linear mixed-effects regression analysis (NONMEM(  ) ) was performed to describe the population PK of @entity1 . The most optimal dosing regimen was evaluated based on simulations of the final model. RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity0 receiving @entity1 were included in the analysis. The PK was best described by an allometric 2-compartment model with gestational age (GA) as a covariate on clearance (Cl). During @entity3 the Cl of a typical @entity0 (3   kg, GA 40   weeks, 2   days post natal age (PNA)) was 0.06   L/kg   h(-1) (inter-individual variability (IIV) 26.6%) and volume of distribution of the central compartment (Vc) was 0.46   L   kg(-1) (IIV 40.8%). Cl was constant during @entity3 and rewarming, but increased with 29% after reaching normothermia (>96   hours PNA). CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the PK of @entity1 in neonates undergoing controlled @entity3 . The 29% higher Cl in the normothermic phase compared to the preceding phases suggests a delay in normalization of Cl after rewarming has occurred. Based on simulations we recommend an empiric dose of 5   mg   kg(-1) every 36   hours or every 24   hours for @entity0 with GA 36-40 weeks and GA 42   weeks, respectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Altered @entity1 pharmacokinetics in term neonates undergoing controlled XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate if decompression surgery produces changes in retrobulbar blood flow parameters in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Retrobulbar blood vessels of 26 eyes (14 @entity0 ) that underwent orbital bone decompression between June 2009 and May 2010 were measured prospectively using color Doppler ultrasound before and after surgery. The disease was inactive in all @entity0 enrolled according to the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy. @entity0 were classified with mild, moderate-to-severe, or sight-threatening disease. All @entity0 underwent a full ophthalmic examination including intraocular pressure and Hertel measurement. An age-matched control group included 20 eyes of 20 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The resistance indexes (RIs) in the central retinal artery (CRA) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity2 preoperatively than in the control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.001 respectively). After decompression surgery, a significant decrease in RIs occurred in the CRA (5%) and @entity1 (6%) (P = 0.002, P < 0.001 respectively). Proptosis was decreased a median of 6 mm (range, 4-7). Three-wall decompression surgery resulted in a significantly greater reduction in exophthalmos (median 7 mm) compared with two-wall surgery (median 5 mm) and one-wall surgery (2.5 mm). Although no significant correlation was found, the RIs decreased more with major reductions in exophthalmos. CONCLUSIONS: In inactive moderate-to-severe @entity2 , the RIs of the CRA and @entity1 are higher than in normal subjects. The authors hypothesized that increased RIs of inactive @entity2 may be due to orbital extrinsic compression of vascular structures because decompression surgery leads to decreases in the RIs of both the CRA and @entity1 .

title: Retrobulbar ocular blood flow changes after orbital decompression in XXXX measured by color Doppler imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In genome-wide association (GWA) studies, hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are tested for association with a disease trait. Typically, GWA studies give equal consideration to all SNPs tested, regardless of existing knowledge of an SNP's functionality or biological plausibility of association. Because many tests are conducted, very low statistical significance thresholds (P < 5   10(-8)) are required to identify true associations with confidence. By restricting GWA analyses to SNPs with enhanced prior probabilities of association, we can reduce the number of tests conducted and relax the required significance threshold, increasing power to detect association. In this analysis of existing GWA data on @entity4 cases (n = 1,736) and controls (n = 1,802) of European descent (the PanScan study), we conduct a GWA scan restricted to SNPs that have been reported to associate with @entity0 phenotypes in previous GWA studies (with P < 5   10(-8)). Using this method, we drastically reduce the number of tests conducted (from ~550,000 to 1,087) and test only SNPs that are known to be (or tag) variants that influence @entity0 biological processes. Of the 1,087 SNPs tested, the strongest association observed was for @entity6 SNP @entity7 (P = 3   10(-5); P(Bonferroni) = 0.03), an SNP known to associate with circulating @entity5 . This association was replicated in an independent sample of 1,094 cases and 1,165 controls (P = 0.02), producing a highly significant association in the combined data sets (P = 2   10(-6); P(Bonferroni) = 0.002). The @entity6 region also harbors variants that influence several @entity0 traits, including maturity-onset @entity2 , low-density lipoprotein @entity3 , and N-glycan levels. This novel "pleiotropy scan" method may be useful for identifying susceptibility loci for other @entity1 phenotypes.

title: Genome-wide "pleiotropy scan" identifies @entity6 region as a novel XXXX susceptibility locus.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In genome-wide association (GWA) studies, hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are tested for association with a disease trait. Typically, GWA studies give equal consideration to all SNPs tested, regardless of existing knowledge of an SNP's functionality or biological plausibility of association. Because many tests are conducted, very low statistical significance thresholds (P < 5   10(-8)) are required to identify true associations with confidence. By restricting GWA analyses to SNPs with enhanced prior probabilities of association, we can reduce the number of tests conducted and relax the required significance threshold, increasing power to detect association. In this analysis of existing GWA data on @entity4 cases (n = 1,736) and controls (n = 1,802) of European descent (the PanScan study), we conduct a GWA scan restricted to SNPs that have been reported to associate with @entity0 phenotypes in previous GWA studies (with P < 5   10(-8)). Using this method, we drastically reduce the number of tests conducted (from ~550,000 to 1,087) and test only SNPs that are known to be (or tag) variants that influence @entity0 biological processes. Of the 1,087 SNPs tested, the strongest association observed was for @entity6 SNP @entity7 (P = 3   10(-5); P(Bonferroni) = 0.03), an SNP known to associate with circulating @entity5 . This association was replicated in an independent sample of 1,094 cases and 1,165 controls (P = 0.02), producing a highly significant association in the combined data sets (P = 2   10(-6); P(Bonferroni) = 0.002). The @entity6 region also harbors variants that influence several @entity0 traits, including maturity-onset @entity2 , low-density lipoprotein @entity3 , and N-glycan levels. This novel "pleiotropy scan" method may be useful for identifying susceptibility loci for other @entity1 phenotypes.

title: Genome-wide "pleiotropy scan" identifies XXXX region as a novel @entity4 susceptibility locus.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Lesions of the tissue surrounding the preoptic recess (anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region) have been shown to severely impair normal mechanisms of body fluid homeostasis, including the antidiuretic response. In an earlier investigation of the pathways affected by these lesions, coronal cuts were placed between the level of the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis in the AV3V region and the level of the supraoptic nuclei. @entity0 with such cuts exhibited hyperdipsia and @entity1 , but their plasma levels of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were elevated. The fine structure of the supraoptic nucleus, a major site of @entity2 production, and of the neural lobe of the hypophysis, where @entity2 is released, were observed in @entity0 with similar cuts. Although neural lobes showed evidence of hormone depletion and degenerating axons and terminals were present in supraoptic nuclei, there was no morphological evidence that neurosecretory cell bodies in supraoptic nuclei were affected by these cuts. Therefore, in this investigation we observed the ultrastructural effects of such cuts on paraventricular nuclei, which are the other major source of @entity2 . Degenerating axons and terminals were common in paraventricular nuclei of lesioned @entity0 , both in the major magnocellular subnucleus and in the periventricular region. Cell bodies and nuclei of neurosecretory cells were not significantly larger in lesioned animals, but morphometric evaluations revealed dispersion of the Golgi complex and alterations in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the cells. In addition, more multiple nucleoli were present, and nucleoli tended to lie adjacent to the nuclear envelope more frequently. We conclude that the neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular nuclei become more active in @entity0 with these knife cuts.

title: The effects of transverse cuts caudal to the preoptic recess on the fine structure of paraventricular nuclei in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A lectin with a @entity1 specificity was isolated from the cerebellum of young @entity0 . The method of purification was based on the observation that during homogenization of the tissue, the lectin binds to a class of @entity1 -rich glycoproteins highly insoluble in Triton X-100. Sequential extractions in saline buffer devoid of, then containing, 0.5% @entity2 allowed the elimination of a great part of other proteins. Using the same buffer containing 0.5 M @entity1 , a specific class of protein can be solubilized. This fraction was enriched by affinity adsorption on insolubilized @entity1 -rich glycoproteins followed by specific detachment with @entity1 . One of the protein subunits, of molecular weight (MW) 130,000, was isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis. Upon re-electrophoresis, this compound gives two bands of MW 65,000 and 130,000, which appear to be a monomer and a dimer of a molecule called R1. Antibodies were raised against R1 which react with the monomer and the dimer and not against other proteins of the @entity0 cerebellum. The immunohistochemical localization of this lectin was performed in cerebella of 20-day-old rats. The antigen is concentrated in endothelial cells and in large and intermediate size neurons (Purkinje, Golgi, basket and deep nuclei neurons). Granule cell bodies are lightly stained and no label at all was found in glial cells. At the level of electron microscopy, the antigen was found to be very concentrated in multivesicular bodies and lysosomes of large neurons, on parts of the endoplasmic reticulum, on some mitochondrial outer membranes and on the plasma membrane of the dendrites. The possible role of this lectin in cerebella of young @entity0 is discussed in relation to its interaction with a specific class of @entity1 -rich glycoproteins.

title: Isolation and immunohistochemical localization of a lectin-like molecule from the XXXX cerebellum.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of central corneal thickness and its association with age, sex, and intraocular pressure in a Nepalese population. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study design was a cross-sectional, population-based survey. Two thousand three hundred thirty @entity0 aged 40 years and older were examined at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, a @entity2 centre in Kathmandu, Nepal. All @entity0 underwent a complete ophthalmic examination that included measurements of central corneal thickness with an ultrasonic pachymeter and intraocular pressure with a Goldman type applanation tonometer. RESULTS: The main outcome measures were central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure. Mean age of the 2330 @entity0 examined was 51.3 years (SD  9.56). The mean central corneal thickness and mean intraocular pressure was 539.10  m (SD  33.73) and 13.33 mm Hg (SD  2.26), respectively. Central corneal thickness showed an average decrease of 2.67  m (95% confidence interval, 2.21-4.1) per decade increase in age. A 100  m increase in central corneal thickness was associated with a 1.03 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.26) increase in intraocular pressure after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The changes in central corneal thickness values cause a significant variation in intraocular pressure in this population, suggesting that measurement of central corneal thickness will have implications in the diagnosis and management of @entity1 .

title: Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in a Nepalese population: the Bhaktapur XXXX Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of traumatic craniocervical @entity7 varies in published @entity1 series. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of traumatic craniocervical @entity6 in @entity5 @entity0 by using standardized whole-body @entity1 computed tomography with adapted computed tomography angiography of the craniocervical vessels. METHODS: A total of 718 consecutive @entity0 requiring whole-body @entity1 computed tomography (16-row multislice) because of the mechanism of their injury patterns and an Injury Severity Scale score greater than 16 were analyzed prospectively. After a cranial scan, computed tomography angiography of the craniocervical vessels with 40 mL of iodinated contrast agent was performed using bolus tracking. RESULTS: The overall incidence of blunt carotid and @entity1 (BCVIs) in the screened population was 1.7%. BCVIs were observed in 27.3% of @entity0 with detected isolated cervical spine injuries and in 3.9% of @entity0 with isolated @entity3 with or without @entity4 , whereas 5.3% of @entity0 with combined cervical and cranial lesions were associated with BCVIs. In addition, 0.4% of BCVIs occurred in @entity0 without evidence of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Whole-body @entity1 computed tomography with an adapted scanning protocol for the craniocervical vessels is a fast, safe, and feasible method for detecting @entity6 . It allows prompt further treatment if necessary. Computed tomography angiography could be a part of a broad screening protocol for craniocervical vessels in documented injuries of the head and neck and in @entity1 mechanisms influencing the craniocervical region as well.

title: Incidence of blunt craniocervical @entity6 : use of whole-body computed tomography XXXX imaging with adapted computed tomography angiography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of traumatic craniocervical @entity7 varies in published @entity1 series. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of traumatic craniocervical @entity6 in @entity5 @entity0 by using standardized whole-body @entity1 computed tomography with adapted computed tomography angiography of the craniocervical vessels. METHODS: A total of 718 consecutive @entity0 requiring whole-body @entity1 computed tomography (16-row multislice) because of the mechanism of their injury patterns and an Injury Severity Scale score greater than 16 were analyzed prospectively. After a cranial scan, computed tomography angiography of the craniocervical vessels with 40 mL of iodinated contrast agent was performed using bolus tracking. RESULTS: The overall incidence of blunt carotid and @entity1 (BCVIs) in the screened population was 1.7%. BCVIs were observed in 27.3% of @entity0 with detected isolated cervical spine injuries and in 3.9% of @entity0 with isolated @entity3 with or without @entity4 , whereas 5.3% of @entity0 with combined cervical and cranial lesions were associated with BCVIs. In addition, 0.4% of BCVIs occurred in @entity0 without evidence of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Whole-body @entity1 computed tomography with an adapted scanning protocol for the craniocervical vessels is a fast, safe, and feasible method for detecting @entity6 . It allows prompt further treatment if necessary. Computed tomography angiography could be a part of a broad screening protocol for craniocervical vessels in documented injuries of the head and neck and in @entity1 mechanisms influencing the craniocervical region as well.

title: Incidence of blunt craniocervical XXXX : use of whole-body computed tomography @entity1 imaging with adapted computed tomography angiography.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the long-term effects of stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation on eyes treated for neovascular age-related @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective review of all eyes treated with stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation (20-40 Gy, 2-Gy fractions) between 1997 and 2000 was performed to identify eyes with >=  2-year follow-up for analysis. A subset was imaged prospectively using a high-resolution Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Among 94 eyes treated, 33 eyes (32 subjects) had >=  2-year follow-up information (mean follow-up, 6.2 years; range, 2-10 years). Final visual acuity ranged from 20/50 to no light perception. Final macular findings included central @entity6 (49%), @entity5 (30%), and active @entity3 (9%). Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography images of three eyes with @entity6 revealed photoreceptor layer loss within areas of @entity6 with intact retinal morphology in areas of radiation exposure outside @entity6 . @entity1 was suspected in 18% and confirmed by @entity0 angiography in 15%, ranging from mild to @entity4 /phthisis bulbi (2 eyes). Mean time from stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation to development of @entity1 was 5.4 years (range, 1-10 years). CONCLUSION: A moderate rate of delayed @entity1 was noted in eyes with neovascular age-related @entity2 treated with stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation. @entity6 was a common finding.

title: Ten-year follow-up of eyes treated with stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation for neovascular age-related XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Two factors which may disrupt the ability to adhere to the treatment for @entity8 are @entity2 and @entity7 . Poor adherence to treatment may lead to preventable @entity9 . Past research in this area has been limited by little focus on older @entity0 with @entity8 , and the use of brief measures of cognition that may not detect @entity1 related to @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This study examined the prevalence of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity3 in a sample of 41 @entity8 @entity0 at a tertiary care @entity8 clinic. They had a mean age of 70.0 years (SD=9.2 y; range: 51 to 86 y) and 70% (n=30) were female. Two cognitive measures commonly used in detecting @entity5 were used to measure cognitive functioning. RESULTS: Controlling for age, @entity10 was found in approximately 20% of the sample, and impaired executive functioning was found in approximately 22% of the sample. Forty-four percent of the sample scored in the impaired range on one or more measures. Mild-to-moderate @entity6 were found in 12.2% of @entity0 , and 1 @entity0 reported clinically significant @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that @entity2 may be common in older @entity0 with @entity8 . This has implications for treatment adherence, as difficulties in remembering information may significantly impede the ability to follow instructions from a physician. It is imperative that physicians and caregivers are aware of the prevalence of such conditions, as they are among the first to interact with such individuals. Given the high prevalence of @entity2 and @entity6 , future research should examine the impact of such factors on @entity8 treatment adherence.

title: Prevalence of @entity2 , XXXX , and @entity3 symptoms among older adults with @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Two factors which may disrupt the ability to adhere to the treatment for @entity8 are @entity2 and @entity7 . Poor adherence to treatment may lead to preventable @entity9 . Past research in this area has been limited by little focus on older @entity0 with @entity8 , and the use of brief measures of cognition that may not detect @entity1 related to @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This study examined the prevalence of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity3 in a sample of 41 @entity8 @entity0 at a tertiary care @entity8 clinic. They had a mean age of 70.0 years (SD=9.2 y; range: 51 to 86 y) and 70% (n=30) were female. Two cognitive measures commonly used in detecting @entity5 were used to measure cognitive functioning. RESULTS: Controlling for age, @entity10 was found in approximately 20% of the sample, and impaired executive functioning was found in approximately 22% of the sample. Forty-four percent of the sample scored in the impaired range on one or more measures. Mild-to-moderate @entity6 were found in 12.2% of @entity0 , and 1 @entity0 reported clinically significant @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that @entity2 may be common in older @entity0 with @entity8 . This has implications for treatment adherence, as difficulties in remembering information may significantly impede the ability to follow instructions from a physician. It is imperative that physicians and caregivers are aware of the prevalence of such conditions, as they are among the first to interact with such individuals. Given the high prevalence of @entity2 and @entity6 , future research should examine the impact of such factors on @entity8 treatment adherence.

title: Prevalence of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity3 symptoms among older adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Two factors which may disrupt the ability to adhere to the treatment for @entity8 are @entity2 and @entity7 . Poor adherence to treatment may lead to preventable @entity9 . Past research in this area has been limited by little focus on older @entity0 with @entity8 , and the use of brief measures of cognition that may not detect @entity1 related to @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This study examined the prevalence of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity3 in a sample of 41 @entity8 @entity0 at a tertiary care @entity8 clinic. They had a mean age of 70.0 years (SD=9.2 y; range: 51 to 86 y) and 70% (n=30) were female. Two cognitive measures commonly used in detecting @entity5 were used to measure cognitive functioning. RESULTS: Controlling for age, @entity10 was found in approximately 20% of the sample, and impaired executive functioning was found in approximately 22% of the sample. Forty-four percent of the sample scored in the impaired range on one or more measures. Mild-to-moderate @entity6 were found in 12.2% of @entity0 , and 1 @entity0 reported clinically significant @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that @entity2 may be common in older @entity0 with @entity8 . This has implications for treatment adherence, as difficulties in remembering information may significantly impede the ability to follow instructions from a physician. It is imperative that physicians and caregivers are aware of the prevalence of such conditions, as they are among the first to interact with such individuals. Given the high prevalence of @entity2 and @entity6 , future research should examine the impact of such factors on @entity8 treatment adherence.

title: Prevalence of XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity3 symptoms among older adults with @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Two factors which may disrupt the ability to adhere to the treatment for @entity8 are @entity2 and @entity7 . Poor adherence to treatment may lead to preventable @entity9 . Past research in this area has been limited by little focus on older @entity0 with @entity8 , and the use of brief measures of cognition that may not detect @entity1 related to @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This study examined the prevalence of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity3 in a sample of 41 @entity8 @entity0 at a tertiary care @entity8 clinic. They had a mean age of 70.0 years (SD=9.2 y; range: 51 to 86 y) and 70% (n=30) were female. Two cognitive measures commonly used in detecting @entity5 were used to measure cognitive functioning. RESULTS: Controlling for age, @entity10 was found in approximately 20% of the sample, and impaired executive functioning was found in approximately 22% of the sample. Forty-four percent of the sample scored in the impaired range on one or more measures. Mild-to-moderate @entity6 were found in 12.2% of @entity0 , and 1 @entity0 reported clinically significant @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that @entity2 may be common in older @entity0 with @entity8 . This has implications for treatment adherence, as difficulties in remembering information may significantly impede the ability to follow instructions from a physician. It is imperative that physicians and caregivers are aware of the prevalence of such conditions, as they are among the first to interact with such individuals. Given the high prevalence of @entity2 and @entity6 , future research should examine the impact of such factors on @entity8 treatment adherence.

title: Prevalence of @entity2 , @entity6 , and XXXX symptoms among older adults with @entity8 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this study is to measure interobserver variability in the classification of laryngeal mucosal @entity0 by reassessing the histopathology of previously diagnosed cases and to determine the possible therapeutic consequences of disagreement among observers. Histopathological assessment of 110 laryngeal mucosal @entity0 was done by three pathologists. Each slide had to be classified according to the World Health Organization, @entity3 , and the Ljubljana Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions systems. After the independent assessment, a joint meeting took place. To assess the relation between histopathological grading and subsequent clinical management, we created a two- and a three-grade system besides one comprising all options. For all analyses, the SAS/STAT statistical software was used. The highest unweighted k-values concerning the all-options system are observed for the @entity3 classification (0.28, 95% confidence interval 0.23-0.33), followed by the World Health Organization and Ljubljana classifications. For the two-grade system the Ljubljana classification shows the highest unweighted k-values (0.50, 95%, 0.39-0.61), followed by the World Health Organization and @entity3 classifications. For the three-grade system, the unweighted k-values are similar. The implementation of weighted k-values led to higher scores within all three classification systems, although these did not exceed 0.55 (moderate agreement). Given the high level of consensus, simultaneous pathological assessment may be said to provide added value in comparison with independent assessment. In the current study, no clear tendency is observed in favor of any one classification system. The proposed three-grade system could be an improved histopathological tool because it is easier to correlate with clinical decision making and because it yields better unweighted k-values and proportions of concordance than the all-options system. Furthermore, clinical management could benefit from assessment by more than one pathologist in suspected cases of @entity2 or @entity1 .

title: Interobserver variability of laryngeal mucosal XXXX : a histopathological evaluation.

answer: @entity0