abstract: BACKGROUND: Laterally spreading @entity0 (LSTs) are generally defined as lesions >10  mm in diameter, are characterized by lateral expansion along the luminal wall with a low vertical @entity7 . In contrast to other forms of @entity0 , LSTs are generally considered to have a superficial growth pattern and the potential for @entity0 . We focused on this morphological character of LSTs, and analyzed the gene expression profile of LSTs. METHODS: The expression of 168 genes in 41 @entity1 samples (17 LST- @entity4 , 12 @entity2 , 12 Ip [pedunculated type of the Paris classification)- @entity4 , all of which were 10  mm or more in diameter] was analyzed by PCR array. Based on the results, we investigated the expression levels of genes up-regulated in LST- @entity4 , compared to Ip- @entity4 , by hierarchical and K-means clustering. To confirm the results of the array analysis, using an additional 60 samples (38 LST- @entity4 , 22 Ip- @entity4 ), we determined the localization of the gene product by immunohistochemical staining. RESULT: The expression of 129 genes differed in @entity1 from normal mucosa by PCR array analysis. As a result of K-means clustering, the expression levels of five genes, @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity9 and @entity8 , were found to be significantly up-regulated (p   <   0.05) in LST- @entity4 , compared to Ip- @entity4 . Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the @entity6 protein was significantly and meaningfully up-regulated in LST- @entity4 compared to Ip- @entity4 (p   =   0.010). With respect to apoptosis status in LST- @entity4 , it assumes that @entity6 is anti-apoptotic protein, the samples such as @entity6 positive and TUNEL negative, or @entity6 negative and TUNEL positive are consistent with the assumption. 63.2  % LST- @entity4 samples were consistent with the assumption. CONCLUSIONS: LSTs have an unusual profile of gene expression compared to other @entity0 and @entity6 might be concerned in the organization of LSTs.

title: Gene expression profiling of laterally spreading XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: High postkeratoplasty @entity3 remains a challenge for the surgeon. First experiences after implantation of a toric @entity4 IOL in three eyes from @entity0 with @entity1 are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After routine phacoemulsification we implanted an individually manufactured toric @entity4 posterior chamber IOL via a sclerocorneal 6-mm tunnel incision in three @entity2 with high, topographically relatively regular @entity3 . One eye with the intraoperative aspect of circular zonular instability also received a capsular tension ring. A complete standard ocular examination was performed pre- and postoperatively including corneal topography, evaluation of anterior chamber depth, ultrasonic biomicroscopy and perimetry. RESULTS: Implantation and intraoperative alignment of the toric IOL were uneventful. The refractive astigmatisms of 5.0, 6.0 and 7.5 cyl D preoperatively, were reduced to 2.0, 1.75 and 3.0 cyl D, 10 and 12 months postoperation, respectively. The eye with the capsular tension ring showed no morphological or refractive changes during follow-up. In the other two eyes we observed IOL rotation of 20 and 30, respectively after 6 months. There were no posterior capsule opacification or capsular folds in the optical centre. CONCLUSION: Toric IOL technology allows enhancement of IOL surgery with improved refractive outcome. Simultaneous implantation of a capsular tension ring may improve long-term stability.

title: [Implantation of toric intraocular lenses for correction of high post-keratoplasty XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: To understand the transmission dynamics of @entity1 in three different ecotypes, namely watershed (forest), seepage (Nanak Matta Dam) and plain (non-forest, non-dam) areas of Nainital and Udham Singh Nagar districts of Uttaranchal, entomological and parasitological investigations were carried out from July 1996 to June 1997. In the three ecotypes, average per @entity0 hour densities of adult vector species in @entity0 dwellings and cattlesheds recorded were high for Anopheles culicifacies from April to September and October to March for An. fluviatilis. Prevalence of both An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis was higher in the forest area as compared to other two areas. Observations on gonotrophic condition revealed endophilic tendency of both vector species. Higher number of both vector species were found in outdoor than indoor during night @entity0 bait collections. Out of 864 specimens of An. fluviatilis dissected, one showed natural infection of sporozoites in salivary glands in the month of November from the forest area only. Sibling species study of An. fluviatilis revealed the presence of species S for the first time in the forest area. Parasitological investigations also depicted high incidence of @entity1 in the forest area as compared to other two areas. Overall results from the study indicated active @entity1 transmission in the forest area.

title: Dynamics of XXXX transmission under changing ecological scenario in and around Nanak Matta Dam, Uttaranchal, India.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The marker variables, Ellenberg @entity1 Index, @entity5 and @entity0 fluxes and foliar @entity1 , were used to define the impacts of @entity3 deposition from nearby livestock buildings on species composition of woodland ground flora, using a woodland site close to a major poultry complex in the UK. The study centred on 2 units in close proximity to each other, containing 350,000 birds, and estimated to emit around 140,000 kg N year(-1) as @entity3 . Annual mean concentrations of @entity3 close to the buildings were very large (60 microg m(-3)) and declined to 3 microg m(-3) at a distance of 650 m from the buildings. Estimated total N deposition ranged from 80 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at a distance of 30 m to 14 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at 650 m downwind. Emissions of @entity4 and NO were 56 and 131 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 30 m and 13 and 80 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 250 m downwind of the livestock buildings. Species number in woodland ground flora downwind of the buildings remained fairly constant for a distance of 200 m from the units then increased considerably, doubling at a distance of 650 m. Within the first 200 m downwind, trends in plant species composition were hard to discern because of variations in tree canopy composition and cover. The mean Ellenberg N Index ranged from 6.0 immediately downwind of the livestock buildings to 4.8 at 650 m downwind. The mean abundance weighted Ellenberg N Index also declined with distance from the buildings. Tissue N concentrations in trees, herbs and mosses were all large, reflecting the substantial @entity2 emissions at this site. Tissue N content of ectohydric mosses ranged from approximately 4% at 30 m downwind to 1.6% at 650 m downwind. An assessment of the relative merits of the three marker variables concludes, that while Ellenberg Index and trace gas fluxes of @entity4 and NO give broad indications of impacts of @entity2 emissions on woodland vegetation, the application of a critical foliar N content for ectohydric mosses is the most useful method for providing spatial information which could be of value to policy developers and planners.

title: Defining the spatial impacts of poultry farm @entity2 emissions on species composition of adjacent woodland groundflora using Ellenberg XXXX Index, @entity5 and @entity0 emissions and foliar @entity1 as marker variables.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The marker variables, Ellenberg @entity1 Index, @entity5 and @entity0 fluxes and foliar @entity1 , were used to define the impacts of @entity3 deposition from nearby livestock buildings on species composition of woodland ground flora, using a woodland site close to a major poultry complex in the UK. The study centred on 2 units in close proximity to each other, containing 350,000 birds, and estimated to emit around 140,000 kg N year(-1) as @entity3 . Annual mean concentrations of @entity3 close to the buildings were very large (60 microg m(-3)) and declined to 3 microg m(-3) at a distance of 650 m from the buildings. Estimated total N deposition ranged from 80 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at a distance of 30 m to 14 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at 650 m downwind. Emissions of @entity4 and NO were 56 and 131 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 30 m and 13 and 80 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 250 m downwind of the livestock buildings. Species number in woodland ground flora downwind of the buildings remained fairly constant for a distance of 200 m from the units then increased considerably, doubling at a distance of 650 m. Within the first 200 m downwind, trends in plant species composition were hard to discern because of variations in tree canopy composition and cover. The mean Ellenberg N Index ranged from 6.0 immediately downwind of the livestock buildings to 4.8 at 650 m downwind. The mean abundance weighted Ellenberg N Index also declined with distance from the buildings. Tissue N concentrations in trees, herbs and mosses were all large, reflecting the substantial @entity2 emissions at this site. Tissue N content of ectohydric mosses ranged from approximately 4% at 30 m downwind to 1.6% at 650 m downwind. An assessment of the relative merits of the three marker variables concludes, that while Ellenberg Index and trace gas fluxes of @entity4 and NO give broad indications of impacts of @entity2 emissions on woodland vegetation, the application of a critical foliar N content for ectohydric mosses is the most useful method for providing spatial information which could be of value to policy developers and planners.

title: Defining the spatial impacts of poultry farm @entity2 emissions on species composition of adjacent woodland groundflora using Ellenberg @entity1 Index, @entity5 and @entity0 emissions and foliar XXXX as marker variables.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The marker variables, Ellenberg @entity1 Index, @entity5 and @entity0 fluxes and foliar @entity1 , were used to define the impacts of @entity3 deposition from nearby livestock buildings on species composition of woodland ground flora, using a woodland site close to a major poultry complex in the UK. The study centred on 2 units in close proximity to each other, containing 350,000 birds, and estimated to emit around 140,000 kg N year(-1) as @entity3 . Annual mean concentrations of @entity3 close to the buildings were very large (60 microg m(-3)) and declined to 3 microg m(-3) at a distance of 650 m from the buildings. Estimated total N deposition ranged from 80 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at a distance of 30 m to 14 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at 650 m downwind. Emissions of @entity4 and NO were 56 and 131 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 30 m and 13 and 80 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 250 m downwind of the livestock buildings. Species number in woodland ground flora downwind of the buildings remained fairly constant for a distance of 200 m from the units then increased considerably, doubling at a distance of 650 m. Within the first 200 m downwind, trends in plant species composition were hard to discern because of variations in tree canopy composition and cover. The mean Ellenberg N Index ranged from 6.0 immediately downwind of the livestock buildings to 4.8 at 650 m downwind. The mean abundance weighted Ellenberg N Index also declined with distance from the buildings. Tissue N concentrations in trees, herbs and mosses were all large, reflecting the substantial @entity2 emissions at this site. Tissue N content of ectohydric mosses ranged from approximately 4% at 30 m downwind to 1.6% at 650 m downwind. An assessment of the relative merits of the three marker variables concludes, that while Ellenberg Index and trace gas fluxes of @entity4 and NO give broad indications of impacts of @entity2 emissions on woodland vegetation, the application of a critical foliar N content for ectohydric mosses is the most useful method for providing spatial information which could be of value to policy developers and planners.

title: Defining the spatial impacts of poultry farm XXXX emissions on species composition of adjacent woodland groundflora using Ellenberg @entity1 Index, @entity5 and @entity0 emissions and foliar @entity1 as marker variables.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The marker variables, Ellenberg @entity1 Index, @entity5 and @entity0 fluxes and foliar @entity1 , were used to define the impacts of @entity3 deposition from nearby livestock buildings on species composition of woodland ground flora, using a woodland site close to a major poultry complex in the UK. The study centred on 2 units in close proximity to each other, containing 350,000 birds, and estimated to emit around 140,000 kg N year(-1) as @entity3 . Annual mean concentrations of @entity3 close to the buildings were very large (60 microg m(-3)) and declined to 3 microg m(-3) at a distance of 650 m from the buildings. Estimated total N deposition ranged from 80 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at a distance of 30 m to 14 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at 650 m downwind. Emissions of @entity4 and NO were 56 and 131 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 30 m and 13 and 80 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 250 m downwind of the livestock buildings. Species number in woodland ground flora downwind of the buildings remained fairly constant for a distance of 200 m from the units then increased considerably, doubling at a distance of 650 m. Within the first 200 m downwind, trends in plant species composition were hard to discern because of variations in tree canopy composition and cover. The mean Ellenberg N Index ranged from 6.0 immediately downwind of the livestock buildings to 4.8 at 650 m downwind. The mean abundance weighted Ellenberg N Index also declined with distance from the buildings. Tissue N concentrations in trees, herbs and mosses were all large, reflecting the substantial @entity2 emissions at this site. Tissue N content of ectohydric mosses ranged from approximately 4% at 30 m downwind to 1.6% at 650 m downwind. An assessment of the relative merits of the three marker variables concludes, that while Ellenberg Index and trace gas fluxes of @entity4 and NO give broad indications of impacts of @entity2 emissions on woodland vegetation, the application of a critical foliar N content for ectohydric mosses is the most useful method for providing spatial information which could be of value to policy developers and planners.

title: Defining the spatial impacts of poultry farm @entity2 emissions on species composition of adjacent woodland groundflora using Ellenberg @entity1 Index, XXXX and @entity0 emissions and foliar @entity1 as marker variables.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The marker variables, Ellenberg @entity1 Index, @entity5 and @entity0 fluxes and foliar @entity1 , were used to define the impacts of @entity3 deposition from nearby livestock buildings on species composition of woodland ground flora, using a woodland site close to a major poultry complex in the UK. The study centred on 2 units in close proximity to each other, containing 350,000 birds, and estimated to emit around 140,000 kg N year(-1) as @entity3 . Annual mean concentrations of @entity3 close to the buildings were very large (60 microg m(-3)) and declined to 3 microg m(-3) at a distance of 650 m from the buildings. Estimated total N deposition ranged from 80 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at a distance of 30 m to 14 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at 650 m downwind. Emissions of @entity4 and NO were 56 and 131 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 30 m and 13 and 80 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 250 m downwind of the livestock buildings. Species number in woodland ground flora downwind of the buildings remained fairly constant for a distance of 200 m from the units then increased considerably, doubling at a distance of 650 m. Within the first 200 m downwind, trends in plant species composition were hard to discern because of variations in tree canopy composition and cover. The mean Ellenberg N Index ranged from 6.0 immediately downwind of the livestock buildings to 4.8 at 650 m downwind. The mean abundance weighted Ellenberg N Index also declined with distance from the buildings. Tissue N concentrations in trees, herbs and mosses were all large, reflecting the substantial @entity2 emissions at this site. Tissue N content of ectohydric mosses ranged from approximately 4% at 30 m downwind to 1.6% at 650 m downwind. An assessment of the relative merits of the three marker variables concludes, that while Ellenberg Index and trace gas fluxes of @entity4 and NO give broad indications of impacts of @entity2 emissions on woodland vegetation, the application of a critical foliar N content for ectohydric mosses is the most useful method for providing spatial information which could be of value to policy developers and planners.

title: Defining the spatial impacts of poultry farm @entity2 emissions on species composition of adjacent woodland groundflora using Ellenberg @entity1 Index, @entity5 and XXXX emissions and foliar @entity1 as marker variables.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 Era is a GTP binding protein and essential for cell growth. We have previously reported that an Era mutant, designated Era-dE, causes a dominant negative effect on the growth and the loss of the ability to utilize @entity8 cycle metabolites as @entity1 source when overproduced. To investigate the role of Era, the gene expression in the cells overproducing Era-dE was examined by DNA microarray analysis. The expression of lipA and nadAB, which are involved in @entity9 synthesis and @entity5 synthesis, respectively, was found to be reduced in the cells overproducing Era-dE. @entity9 and @entity5 are essential cofactors for the activities of @entity7 dehydrogenase complex, @entity10 dehydrogenase complex and @entity6 cleavage enzyme complex. The expression of numerous genes involved in dissimilatory @entity1 metabolism and @entity1 source transport was increased. This set of genes partially overlaps with the set of genes controlled by @entity0 -CAP in @entity2 . Moreover, the growth defect of Era-dE overproduction was specifically enhanced by @entity4 but not by @entity8 cycle metabolites both in rich and synthetic media. Intracellular @entity3 pool in Era-dE overproducing cells was found to be increased significantly compared to that of the cells overproducing wild-type Era. It was further found that even the wild-type @entity2 cells not overproducing Era-dE became sensitive to @entity4 in the presence of @entity3 in a medium. We propose that when Era-dE is overproduced, @entity1 fluxes to the @entity8 cycle and to C1 units become impaired, resulting in a higher cellular @entity3 concentration. We demonstrated that such cells with a high @entity3 concentration became sensitive to @entity4 , however the reason for this @entity4 sensitivity is not known at the present.

title: Specific growth inhibition by @entity4 of an XXXX expressing Era-dE, a dominant negative Era mutant.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 Era is a GTP binding protein and essential for cell growth. We have previously reported that an Era mutant, designated Era-dE, causes a dominant negative effect on the growth and the loss of the ability to utilize @entity8 cycle metabolites as @entity1 source when overproduced. To investigate the role of Era, the gene expression in the cells overproducing Era-dE was examined by DNA microarray analysis. The expression of lipA and nadAB, which are involved in @entity9 synthesis and @entity5 synthesis, respectively, was found to be reduced in the cells overproducing Era-dE. @entity9 and @entity5 are essential cofactors for the activities of @entity7 dehydrogenase complex, @entity10 dehydrogenase complex and @entity6 cleavage enzyme complex. The expression of numerous genes involved in dissimilatory @entity1 metabolism and @entity1 source transport was increased. This set of genes partially overlaps with the set of genes controlled by @entity0 -CAP in @entity2 . Moreover, the growth defect of Era-dE overproduction was specifically enhanced by @entity4 but not by @entity8 cycle metabolites both in rich and synthetic media. Intracellular @entity3 pool in Era-dE overproducing cells was found to be increased significantly compared to that of the cells overproducing wild-type Era. It was further found that even the wild-type @entity2 cells not overproducing Era-dE became sensitive to @entity4 in the presence of @entity3 in a medium. We propose that when Era-dE is overproduced, @entity1 fluxes to the @entity8 cycle and to C1 units become impaired, resulting in a higher cellular @entity3 concentration. We demonstrated that such cells with a high @entity3 concentration became sensitive to @entity4 , however the reason for this @entity4 sensitivity is not known at the present.

title: Specific growth inhibition by XXXX of an @entity2 expressing Era-dE, a dominant negative Era mutant.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Although activation of @entity4 -activated neutral protease (calpain) by the @entity3 receptor has been suggested to play critical roles in synaptic modulation and @entity0 , the nature of its substrates has not been completely defined. In this study, we examined the ability of calpain to cleave the @entity3 receptor in cultured hippocampal neurons. Activation of the @entity3 receptor by agonist application led to rapid calpain-specific proteolysis of spectrin and decreased levels of @entity7 /2B subunits. Cleavage of the @entity7 /2B subunit created a 115 kDa product that retained the ability to bind 125I- @entity5 and is predicted to be active. Increases in levels of this product appeared within 5 min of @entity3 receptor activation and were stable for periods of >30 min. Subtype-specific antibodies demonstrated that the @entity6 subunit was cleaved in these primary cultures, but the @entity7 subunit was not. An inhibitor of calpain blocked both the decrease of intact @entity6 and the increase of the low molecular weight form, whereas neither caspase nor cathepsin inhibitors had an effect on these events. Cell surface biotinylation experiments demonstrated that the 115 kDa fragment remained on the cell surface. This @entity6 fragment was also found in the @entity1 hippocampus after transient @entity2 , showing that this process also occurs in vivo. This suggests that calpain-mediated cleavage of the @entity6 subunit occurs in neurons and gives rise to active @entity3 receptor forms present on the cell surface after excitotoxic glutamatergic stimulation. Such forms could contribute to excitotoxicity and synaptic remodeling.

title: Selective activation induced cleavage of the XXXX subunit by calpain.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective study was undertaken to assess practice patterns in adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and to define the incidence and predictive factors of reduced @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A nationwide survey of 1,243 community oncology practices was conducted, with data extracted from records of 20,799 @entity0 @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Assessments included demographic and clinical characteristics, chemotherapy dose modifications, incidence of @entity5 , and patterns of use of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Dose-intensity was compared with published reference standard regimens. RESULTS: Dose reductions > or =15% occurred in 36.5% of @entity1 , and there were treatment delays > or =7 days in 24.9% of @entity1 , resulting in 55.5% of @entity1 receiving @entity4 less than 85%. Nearly two thirds of @entity1 received @entity4 less than 85% when adjusted for differences in regimen dose-intensity. Multivariate analysis identified several independent predictors for reduced @entity4 , including increased age; chemotherapy with @entity3 , @entity7 , and @entity6 , or @entity3 , @entity2 , and @entity6 ; a 28-day schedule; body-surface area greater than 2 m2; and no primary @entity8 prophylaxis. @entity8 was often initiated late in the chemotherapy cycle. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity0 are at substantial risk for reduced @entity4 when treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1 at greatest risk include older @entity1 , overweight @entity1 , and those receiving three-drug combinations or 28-day schedules. Predictive models based on such risk factors should enable the selective application of supportive measures in an effort to deliver full dose-intensity chemotherapy.

title: Incidence and predictors of low dose-intensity in adjuvant XXXX chemotherapy: a nationwide study of community practices.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective analysis aimed to identify whether @entity0 @entity1 receiving radiotherapy alone following a complete clinical remission (cCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a worse outcome than those treated with surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-six @entity1 who had achieved a cCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early @entity0 were identified from a prospectively maintained database of 453 @entity1 . Of these, 67 @entity1 had undergone surgery as their primary locoregional therapy, and 69 @entity1 had radiotherapy alone. Outcome was assessed in relation to local recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 63 months in the surgery group and 87 months in the no surgery group. Prognostic characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. For surgery and no surgery, respectively, there were no significant differences in disease-free survival or overall survival (5-year, 74% v 76%; 10-year, 60% v 70%, P =.9) between the two groups. There was a nonsignificant trend toward increased locoregional-only recurrence for the no surgery group (21% v 10% at 5 years; P =.09), but no long-term failures of local control. @entity1 in the no surgery group who also achieved an ultrasound complete remission had a 5-year local recurrence rate of only 8%. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 achieving a cCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy alone achieve survival rates as good as with surgery, but with higher local recurrence rates. Ultrasound may identify a low recurrence rate subgroup for assessing no surgery in a prospective trial.

title: Is surgery necessary after complete clinical remission following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of endocardial and transthoracic direct current (DC) shocks on left atrial and left @entity3 in @entity0 with structural @entity4 . BACKGROUND: DC cardioversion of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) to sinus rhythm is associated with transient left @entity7 and the development of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC). This phenomenon has been termed atrial "stunning" and may be associated with @entity5 formation and @entity1 . To what extent the shock itself contributes to atrial stunning is unclear. METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 in sinus rhythm undergoing implantation of a @entity2 ( @entity6 ) were prospectively evaluated. All @entity0 had significant structural @entity4 . To evaluate the effects of DC shocks on left atrial and left @entity3 , biphasic R wave synchronized endocardial shocks of 1, 10 and 20 J were delivered between the right ventricular electrode and the left pectoral generator of the @entity6 in sinus rhythm. R wave synchronized transthoracic shocks of 360 J were also delivered between anteriorly and posteriorly positioned chest electrodes. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed to evaluate left atrial appendage velocities, mitral inflow velocities and the presence of SEC before and immediately after each DC shock. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in left atrial or left @entity3 after endocardial or transthoracic DC shocks. Left atrial SEC did not develop after endocardial or transthoracic DC shocks. CONCLUSIONS: Endocardial and transthoracic DC shocks are not directly responsible for left atrial and left atrial appendage stunning and do not contribute to the stunning that is observed after the cardioversion of @entity7 to sinus rhythm.

title: Effect of direct current shocks on left atrial mechanical function in @entity0 with structural XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of endocardial and transthoracic direct current (DC) shocks on left atrial and left @entity3 in @entity0 with structural @entity4 . BACKGROUND: DC cardioversion of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) to sinus rhythm is associated with transient left @entity7 and the development of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC). This phenomenon has been termed atrial "stunning" and may be associated with @entity5 formation and @entity1 . To what extent the shock itself contributes to atrial stunning is unclear. METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 in sinus rhythm undergoing implantation of a @entity2 ( @entity6 ) were prospectively evaluated. All @entity0 had significant structural @entity4 . To evaluate the effects of DC shocks on left atrial and left @entity3 , biphasic R wave synchronized endocardial shocks of 1, 10 and 20 J were delivered between the right ventricular electrode and the left pectoral generator of the @entity6 in sinus rhythm. R wave synchronized transthoracic shocks of 360 J were also delivered between anteriorly and posteriorly positioned chest electrodes. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed to evaluate left atrial appendage velocities, mitral inflow velocities and the presence of SEC before and immediately after each DC shock. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in left atrial or left @entity3 after endocardial or transthoracic DC shocks. Left atrial SEC did not develop after endocardial or transthoracic DC shocks. CONCLUSIONS: Endocardial and transthoracic DC shocks are not directly responsible for left atrial and left atrial appendage stunning and do not contribute to the stunning that is observed after the cardioversion of @entity7 to sinus rhythm.

title: Effect of direct current shocks on left atrial mechanical function in XXXX with structural @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: There are several nomograms for the @entity0 considering radiation therapy for clinically @entity2 . Because of the questionable clinical implications of @entity3 recurrence, its use as an end point has been criticized in several of these nomograms. The goal of this study was to create and to externally validate a nomogram for predicting the probability that a @entity0 will develop @entity1 within 5 years after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (CRT). @entity0 AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, nonrandomized analysis of 1,677 @entity0 treated with three-dimensional CRT at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) from 1988 to 2000. Clinical parameters examined were pretreatment @entity3 level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason sum. @entity0 were followed until their deaths, and the time at which they developed @entity1 was noted. A nomogram for predicting the 5-year probability of developing @entity1 was constructed from the MSKCC cohort and validated using the Cleveland Clinic series of 1,626 @entity0 . RESULTS: After three-dimensional CRT, 159 @entity0 developed @entity1 . At 5 years, 11% of @entity0 experienced @entity1 by cumulative incidence analysis (95% CI, 9% to 13%). A nomogram constructed from the data gathered from these @entity0 showed an excellent ability to discriminate among @entity0 in an external validation data set, as shown by a concordance index of 0.81. CONCLUSION: A nomogram with reasonable accuracy and discrimination has been constructed and validated using an external data set to predict the probability that a @entity0 will experience @entity1 within 5 years after three-dimensional CRT.

title: Pretreatment nomogram that predicts 5-year probability of @entity1 following three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: There are several nomograms for the @entity0 considering radiation therapy for clinically @entity2 . Because of the questionable clinical implications of @entity3 recurrence, its use as an end point has been criticized in several of these nomograms. The goal of this study was to create and to externally validate a nomogram for predicting the probability that a @entity0 will develop @entity1 within 5 years after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (CRT). @entity0 AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, nonrandomized analysis of 1,677 @entity0 treated with three-dimensional CRT at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) from 1988 to 2000. Clinical parameters examined were pretreatment @entity3 level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason sum. @entity0 were followed until their deaths, and the time at which they developed @entity1 was noted. A nomogram for predicting the 5-year probability of developing @entity1 was constructed from the MSKCC cohort and validated using the Cleveland Clinic series of 1,626 @entity0 . RESULTS: After three-dimensional CRT, 159 @entity0 developed @entity1 . At 5 years, 11% of @entity0 experienced @entity1 by cumulative incidence analysis (95% CI, 9% to 13%). A nomogram constructed from the data gathered from these @entity0 showed an excellent ability to discriminate among @entity0 in an external validation data set, as shown by a concordance index of 0.81. CONCLUSION: A nomogram with reasonable accuracy and discrimination has been constructed and validated using an external data set to predict the probability that a @entity0 will experience @entity1 within 5 years after three-dimensional CRT.

title: Pretreatment nomogram that predicts 5-year probability of XXXX following three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity0 GH gene family is specifically expressed in somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary and placental syncytiotrophoblast. Two nuclease-hypersensitive sites, @entity4 , are associated with a region of chromatin located 28 and 30 kb upstream of the pituitary GH gene transcription initiation site (+1) in both pituitary and placenta nuclei. A role for this region in pituitary GH gene expression has been reported, but the potential relevance to placental gene expression has not been determined. Deletion analysis of a 5.2-kb region ( @entity2 - 27,568/-32,746) containing @entity4 III to V-related sequences localized significant enhancer activity to a 574-bp @entity4 III fragment ( @entity2 -27,676/-28,249) in multiple transfected cell lines. Four nuclease-protected regions [footprints (FP) 1-4] were identified in the 574-bp fragment. FP2 and FP3 were detected with placenta cell nuclear protein, whereas FP1 and FP4 were observed with placental and nonplacental cell nuclear extract. Disruption of FP1 had no effect on heterologous promoter activity in transfected pituitary and placental cells, whereas loss of FP2 and FP3 resulted in modest increases in placental cells, reflecting the presence of repressor activity associated with these regions in vitro. In contrast, disruption of the FP4 region by mutation or deletion significantly reduced enhancer activity. As a result, 30-fold enhancer activity was localized to a 41-bp region in transfected @entity1 cells. Binding of candidate proteins, activator protein (AP)-2 (FP3) and @entity3 -1 (FP4), was confirmed using competition assays with specific oligonucleotides and antibodies. Moreover, these factors were associated with the hyperacetylated @entity4 III region in @entity0 pituitary [ @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 -1] and term placenta ( @entity5 ) chromatin. These data implicate @entity5 and ETS-domain family members in the regulation of the GH/CS locus and raise the possibility that different complexes form in the @entity4 III region in placenta and pituitary cells.

title: Binding of XXXX and ETS-domain family members is associated with enhancer activity in the hypersensitive site III region of the @entity0 growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin locus.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity0 GH gene family is specifically expressed in somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary and placental syncytiotrophoblast. Two nuclease-hypersensitive sites, @entity4 , are associated with a region of chromatin located 28 and 30 kb upstream of the pituitary GH gene transcription initiation site (+1) in both pituitary and placenta nuclei. A role for this region in pituitary GH gene expression has been reported, but the potential relevance to placental gene expression has not been determined. Deletion analysis of a 5.2-kb region ( @entity2 - 27,568/-32,746) containing @entity4 III to V-related sequences localized significant enhancer activity to a 574-bp @entity4 III fragment ( @entity2 -27,676/-28,249) in multiple transfected cell lines. Four nuclease-protected regions [footprints (FP) 1-4] were identified in the 574-bp fragment. FP2 and FP3 were detected with placenta cell nuclear protein, whereas FP1 and FP4 were observed with placental and nonplacental cell nuclear extract. Disruption of FP1 had no effect on heterologous promoter activity in transfected pituitary and placental cells, whereas loss of FP2 and FP3 resulted in modest increases in placental cells, reflecting the presence of repressor activity associated with these regions in vitro. In contrast, disruption of the FP4 region by mutation or deletion significantly reduced enhancer activity. As a result, 30-fold enhancer activity was localized to a 41-bp region in transfected @entity1 cells. Binding of candidate proteins, activator protein (AP)-2 (FP3) and @entity3 -1 (FP4), was confirmed using competition assays with specific oligonucleotides and antibodies. Moreover, these factors were associated with the hyperacetylated @entity4 III region in @entity0 pituitary [ @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 -1] and term placenta ( @entity5 ) chromatin. These data implicate @entity5 and ETS-domain family members in the regulation of the GH/CS locus and raise the possibility that different complexes form in the @entity4 III region in placenta and pituitary cells.

title: Binding of @entity5 and ETS-domain family members is associated with enhancer activity in the hypersensitive site III region of the XXXX growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin locus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: High-resolution magic angle spinning proton (HRMAS 1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy produces well-resolved spectra of metabolites from intact tissue specimens. Here we report the results of a preliminary study of 19 @entity0 @entity7 obtained by applying this method. Among these 19 cases were 2 low-grade @entity5 , 1 @entity5 , 8 @entity3 , 6 @entity8 , and 2 @entity4 . In addition, autopsy @entity0 brain tissues from two subjects without any known @entity2 were used as normal controls. The HRMAS 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements were performed at 2 degrees C on a 400-MHz NMR spectrometer with a HRMAS speed of 2.5 kHz. From these HRMAS 1H MR spectra, we measured the concentrations of 11 metabolites, the ratios of 15 metabolites (resonances) to @entity6 (at 3.03 ppm), and the spin-spin relaxation time for these metabolites (resonances). Our results indicate that these parameters have the potential to characterize @entity1 types and grades with statistical significance as well as identify @entity1 biochemical characteristics. In particular, we found that compared with metabolite concentrations and metabolite spin-spin relaxation time, the metabolic ratios presented the highest sensitivity in differentiating normal tissue from @entity1 , as well as in distinguishing between @entity1 groups. Of 15 analyzed metabolic ratios, 12 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from low-grade and @entity5 , 13 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from @entity3 , 14 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from @entity4 , and 9 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from @entity8 . Moreover, our results strongly indicate that the resonance ratio of @entity9 (at 4.05 ppm) to @entity6 may help distinguish @entity1 type. Our results suggest that the HRMAS method for intact tissue measurement may function as an adjunct to histopathology and contribute to improved accuracy for @entity7 diagnoses.

title: Correlation of high-resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with histopathology of intact @entity0 XXXX specimens.

answer: @entity7


abstract: High-resolution magic angle spinning proton (HRMAS 1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy produces well-resolved spectra of metabolites from intact tissue specimens. Here we report the results of a preliminary study of 19 @entity0 @entity7 obtained by applying this method. Among these 19 cases were 2 low-grade @entity5 , 1 @entity5 , 8 @entity3 , 6 @entity8 , and 2 @entity4 . In addition, autopsy @entity0 brain tissues from two subjects without any known @entity2 were used as normal controls. The HRMAS 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements were performed at 2 degrees C on a 400-MHz NMR spectrometer with a HRMAS speed of 2.5 kHz. From these HRMAS 1H MR spectra, we measured the concentrations of 11 metabolites, the ratios of 15 metabolites (resonances) to @entity6 (at 3.03 ppm), and the spin-spin relaxation time for these metabolites (resonances). Our results indicate that these parameters have the potential to characterize @entity1 types and grades with statistical significance as well as identify @entity1 biochemical characteristics. In particular, we found that compared with metabolite concentrations and metabolite spin-spin relaxation time, the metabolic ratios presented the highest sensitivity in differentiating normal tissue from @entity1 , as well as in distinguishing between @entity1 groups. Of 15 analyzed metabolic ratios, 12 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from low-grade and @entity5 , 13 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from @entity3 , 14 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from @entity4 , and 9 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from @entity8 . Moreover, our results strongly indicate that the resonance ratio of @entity9 (at 4.05 ppm) to @entity6 may help distinguish @entity1 type. Our results suggest that the HRMAS method for intact tissue measurement may function as an adjunct to histopathology and contribute to improved accuracy for @entity7 diagnoses.

title: Correlation of high-resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with histopathology of intact XXXX @entity7 specimens.

answer: @entity0


abstract: An important early event in the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells is exit from the cell cycle, after which full expression of the muscle phenotype occurs. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), a @entity0 of skeletal muscle origin, expresses a number of muscle-specific proteins, including @entity7 ; however, these cells fail to arrest or differentiate when cultured in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). To determine the basis for the failure of @entity1 cells to differentiate or arrest, we studied the molecular response of the embryonal @entity1 cell line, RD, to culture in @entity5 . Under these conditions, the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was primarily in the hyperphosphorylated state. This is in contrast to myoblasts cultured in @entity5 , in which the hypophosphorylated form of @entity4 is exclusively present. Measurements of the expression and activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) @entity9 and @entity6 indicated that RD cells maintained higher levels than do myoblasts, and the activity and abundance of these proteins did not significantly decrease upon culture in @entity5 in RD cells, as they did in myoblasts. Similarly, elevated expression of cyclins D1, E, and A was observed in RD cells. Interestingly, cdk inhibitors are expressed in RD cells, with @entity2 expression markedly elevated relative to myoblasts. Ectopic expression of @entity3 , @entity2 , or @entity8 caused a growth arrest of RD cells but not detectable expression of a myogenic marker. Furthermore, a constitutively active @entity4 protein could also inhibit the growth of RD cells without inducing myogenic differentiation. Taken together, these data suggest that the elevated levels of @entity9 and/or @entity6 observed in RD cells contribute to the inability of RD cells to growth arrest when cultured in @entity5 but that these activities alone are not responsible for the failure of RD cells to differentiate.

title: Elevated cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase activity in the XXXX cell line RD.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with ST-segment elevation acute @entity2 require immediate reperfusion therapy. Reperfusion therapy can be provided by either pharmacologic or mechanical means. Pharmacologic reperfusion therapy consists of administering fibrinolytics, whereas mechanical reperfusion consists of performing percutaneous intervention, usually with stent placement. Each approach has been shown to decrease mortality, but each has disadvantages in establishing flow in the @entity3 . Regardless of the approach, during an acute @entity2 , activation and externalization of glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa receptors occur on the surface of platelets. The @entity4 -IIIa inhibitors block the binding of fibrinogen to these platelet receptors. These inhibitors have been investigated in combination with both reperfusion strategies. The goal of adding @entity4 -IIIa inhibitor therapy to either reperfusion approach is to obtain better early, complete, and sustained reperfusion. Subsequently, this should lead to better clinical outcomes for @entity0 with ST-segment elevation acute @entity2 . Although no mortality benefit has been seen with the addition of @entity4 -IIIa inhibitor therapy, @entity1 have been reduced significantly.

title: Administration of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors in @entity0 with ST-segment elevation XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 with ST-segment elevation acute @entity2 require immediate reperfusion therapy. Reperfusion therapy can be provided by either pharmacologic or mechanical means. Pharmacologic reperfusion therapy consists of administering fibrinolytics, whereas mechanical reperfusion consists of performing percutaneous intervention, usually with stent placement. Each approach has been shown to decrease mortality, but each has disadvantages in establishing flow in the @entity3 . Regardless of the approach, during an acute @entity2 , activation and externalization of glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa receptors occur on the surface of platelets. The @entity4 -IIIa inhibitors block the binding of fibrinogen to these platelet receptors. These inhibitors have been investigated in combination with both reperfusion strategies. The goal of adding @entity4 -IIIa inhibitor therapy to either reperfusion approach is to obtain better early, complete, and sustained reperfusion. Subsequently, this should lead to better clinical outcomes for @entity0 with ST-segment elevation acute @entity2 . Although no mortality benefit has been seen with the addition of @entity4 -IIIa inhibitor therapy, @entity1 have been reduced significantly.

title: Administration of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors in XXXX with ST-segment elevation @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: The Pandora Project is a longitudinal database--implemented by general practitioners since June 1997 in the Ravenna area (Italy)--providing information on @entity0 with @entity1 . Data from 1,651 @entity0 were followed up for I year in order to investigate the cost of @entity1 . Only direct medical costs were considered in the perspective of the National Healthcare System. FINDINGS: At enrollment, 552 @entity0 were classified as normotensive, 1,099 as @entity1 . After 1 year, among normotensive group, 352 @entity0 remained normotensive and 200 became @entity1 ; among @entity1 group, 323 @entity0 became normotensive and 776 remained @entity1 . The average total cost per @entity0 at follow-up was 779.59 @entity2 . About 46% of total cost was due to anti- @entity1 therapy, irrespective of the evolution of blood pressure levels registered, whilst other direct costs represented 54% of total @entity0 cost in all cohorts. It is possible that co-morbidities play a significant role in this situation. @entity0 aged 80-89 years generate higher costs. Even if further investigation is needed on the burden of comorbidity on a per- @entity0 cost of @entity1 , this work provides evidence that the average total cost per @entity0 is likely to increase with age and co-morbidities. Key words: cost-of-illness, costs, economics, @entity1 .

title: The pandora project: cost of XXXX from a general practitioner database.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity5 , @entity3 is feared because it is often heralding severe @entity1 . The objective of our study was to identify the frequency of arterial @entity3 and clarify its etiologies in this condition. @entity0 /METHODS: Our study was prospective. From January 2008  to May 2012, we have included all @entity0 over the age of 16  years which featured a @entity5 meeting the criteria for classification of Leroy and Medsger modified. Blood pressure was systematic and @entity3 was defined as a greater than 140/90mmHg PAS/PAD. RESULTS: We have collected 60  @entity0 . It was 50  @entity0 and 10  @entity0 with an average age of 41.1ans  13.03. Arterial @entity3 was noted in sixteen @entity0 (26.7%) with an average age of 48.8  years  13.21. It was nine diffuse cutaneous @entity5 of six limited cutaneous @entity6 and one case of @entity6 sine @entity6 . Etiologic research @entity3 had concluded to a renal cause in 12  @entity0 . It was five @entity1 ( @entity1 ), three vascular @entity1 , four @entity4 ( @entity4 ) including three terminals and a moderate @entity4 . An 'essential' so-called HTA was observed in four @entity0 . @entity3 was a major sign that reported five cases of @entity1 . These @entity0 had received treatment anti @entity3 and renal extra cleansing. DISCUSSION: @entity3 is common in @entity5 . Our data approximates of literature when its frequency and severity. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is a major warning sign that under no circumstances should overlook it or novo or secondary aggravation. Its support must be very early under penalty to put at stake the life-threatening in particular during the @entity2 .

title: [ XXXX in @entity6 : A vital emergency].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity5 , @entity3 is feared because it is often heralding severe @entity1 . The objective of our study was to identify the frequency of arterial @entity3 and clarify its etiologies in this condition. @entity0 /METHODS: Our study was prospective. From January 2008  to May 2012, we have included all @entity0 over the age of 16  years which featured a @entity5 meeting the criteria for classification of Leroy and Medsger modified. Blood pressure was systematic and @entity3 was defined as a greater than 140/90mmHg PAS/PAD. RESULTS: We have collected 60  @entity0 . It was 50  @entity0 and 10  @entity0 with an average age of 41.1ans  13.03. Arterial @entity3 was noted in sixteen @entity0 (26.7%) with an average age of 48.8  years  13.21. It was nine diffuse cutaneous @entity5 of six limited cutaneous @entity6 and one case of @entity6 sine @entity6 . Etiologic research @entity3 had concluded to a renal cause in 12  @entity0 . It was five @entity1 ( @entity1 ), three vascular @entity1 , four @entity4 ( @entity4 ) including three terminals and a moderate @entity4 . An 'essential' so-called HTA was observed in four @entity0 . @entity3 was a major sign that reported five cases of @entity1 . These @entity0 had received treatment anti @entity3 and renal extra cleansing. DISCUSSION: @entity3 is common in @entity5 . Our data approximates of literature when its frequency and severity. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is a major warning sign that under no circumstances should overlook it or novo or secondary aggravation. Its support must be very early under penalty to put at stake the life-threatening in particular during the @entity2 .

title: [ @entity3 in XXXX : A vital emergency].

answer: @entity6


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether selected periconceptional health behaviors that influence risk for @entity2 differ between older and younger adolescents and whether pregnancy intention predicts more positive preconception health behaviors among teens. DESIGN AND @entity0 : We analyzed interview responses from 954 adolescent control group @entity0 from the National @entity2 Prevention Study who delivered live @entity0 during 1997-2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for factors of interest by age categories (13-15, 16-17, and 18 years, relative to 19 years). To construct a composite periconceptional behavior index, we summed the following healthy behaviors: nonsmoker, nondrinker, @entity3 supplementation, and eating 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day. RESULTS: Analyses indicated that @entity0 in the youngest group (13-15 years of age) were more likely to be Hispanic (aOR 2.83, 95% CI 1.40-5.70) and less likely to engage in some unhealthy pregnancy-related behaviors compared with 19-year-olds, such as smoking (aOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-0.99) and being overweight or @entity1 (aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16-0.61). However, they were also less likely to have taken periconceptional @entity3 (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.90). About one-third of teen mothers indicated that their pregnancies had been intended. Among 18- and 19-year-olds, this predicted a higher mean value for the composite periconceptional behavior index (2.30 versus 1.94, P  <= .01). CONCLUSIONS: Teen mothers are not a homogeneous group. Each age subgroup presents varied demographic and behavioral factors that put them at varying levels of risk for @entity2 . Furthermore, caregivers should not assume that teens do not plan pregnancies or that they need not be informed of the importance of periconceptional health.

title: Periconceptional Risk Factors for XXXX among Younger and Older Teen Mothers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report two cases of @entity3 . Case 1 was 71-year old Japanese @entity0 who developed @entity6 since 7 years ago, multiple erythema on his body since 2-3 years ago, and erythematous nodules on his face since 3 months ago. He had no history of living outside Ibaraki prefecture. The clinical feature, the skin biopsy, laboratory data showed that he had @entity4 . He was treated with multi-drug therapy which was effective and was stopped 3 years after the bacterial index showed negative. Ten months later, erythema on his body and face appeared and the therapy was restarted. Case 2 was 68-year old Japanese @entity0 who developed 5 cm of nummular erythema with slight @entity2 on his right forearm since 3 months ago. He had lived in Brazil since he was 24 to 64 years old. The skin biopsy showed epithelioid cell @entity1 in the dermis involving vessels and nerves. Polymerase chain reaction test showed the @entity7 DNA, and he was diagnosed as indeterminate @entity3 . He was treated with dapson and @entity5 and 2 months later, erythema and @entity2 disappeared.

title: [Two cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In connective tissue, cell structure contributes to type I collagen expression. Differences in osteoblast microarchitecture may account for the two distinct cis elements regulating basal expression, in vivo and in vitro, of the @entity0 type I collagen alpha1(I) polypeptide chain ( @entity3 ). The @entity3 promoter conformation may be the penultimate culmination of osteoblast structure. Architectural transcription factors bind to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA and bend it, altering interactions between other trans-acting proteins. Similarly, nuclear matrix (NM) proteins bind to the minor groove of AT-rich matrix-attachment regions, regulating transcription by altering DNA structure. We propose that osteoblast NM architectural transcription factors link cell structure to promoter geometry and @entity3 transcription. Our objective was to identify potential osteoblast NM architectural transcription factors near the in vitro and in vivo regulatory regions of the @entity0 @entity3 promoter. Nuclear protein-promoter interactions were analyzed by gel shift analysis and related techniques. NM extracts were derived from @entity0 @entity1 cells and from @entity0 bone. The NM protein, @entity4 , and a soluble nuclear protein, NP, both bound to two homologous poly(dT) elements within the @entity3 in vitro regulatory region and proximal to the in vivo regulatory element. These proteins bound within the minor groove and bent the DNA. @entity2 increased NP/ @entity4 binding to both poly(dT) elements and decreased @entity3 mRNA in the @entity1 cells. NP/ @entity4 - @entity3 promoter interactions may represent a molecular pathway by which osteoblast structure is coupled to @entity3 expression.

title: XXXX -responsive osteoblast nuclear matrix architectural transcription factor binds to the @entity0 type I collagen promoter.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In connective tissue, cell structure contributes to type I collagen expression. Differences in osteoblast microarchitecture may account for the two distinct cis elements regulating basal expression, in vivo and in vitro, of the @entity0 type I collagen alpha1(I) polypeptide chain ( @entity3 ). The @entity3 promoter conformation may be the penultimate culmination of osteoblast structure. Architectural transcription factors bind to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA and bend it, altering interactions between other trans-acting proteins. Similarly, nuclear matrix (NM) proteins bind to the minor groove of AT-rich matrix-attachment regions, regulating transcription by altering DNA structure. We propose that osteoblast NM architectural transcription factors link cell structure to promoter geometry and @entity3 transcription. Our objective was to identify potential osteoblast NM architectural transcription factors near the in vitro and in vivo regulatory regions of the @entity0 @entity3 promoter. Nuclear protein-promoter interactions were analyzed by gel shift analysis and related techniques. NM extracts were derived from @entity0 @entity1 cells and from @entity0 bone. The NM protein, @entity4 , and a soluble nuclear protein, NP, both bound to two homologous poly(dT) elements within the @entity3 in vitro regulatory region and proximal to the in vivo regulatory element. These proteins bound within the minor groove and bent the DNA. @entity2 increased NP/ @entity4 binding to both poly(dT) elements and decreased @entity3 mRNA in the @entity1 cells. NP/ @entity4 - @entity3 promoter interactions may represent a molecular pathway by which osteoblast structure is coupled to @entity3 expression.

title: @entity2 -responsive osteoblast nuclear matrix architectural transcription factor binds to the XXXX type I collagen promoter.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Defined serum-free conditions have great conceptual advantages for the biological safety and standardization of clinical gene transfer into @entity1 stem cells. In the only study reported to date, Sekhar et al. achieved low serum conditions by a complex concentration procedure of a retroviral supernatant initially containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The high cost, small volume, possible coenrichment of serum-derived pathogens, limited recovery of vector particles, and low titer of the final diluted medium restrict the clinical application of this procedure. Transduction of primitive @entity1 progenitor cells was not demonstrated. In the present study, a defined serum-free medium containing high titers of the pseudotyped retroviral vector PG13/LN was generated from PG13/LN producer cells without requiring a physical enrichment procedure. The transduction of committed @entity1 progenitor cells in the serum-free vector-containing medium was efficient, and similar to that occurring under serum-containing control conditions. The number of primitive @entity0 @entity1 long-term culture-initiating cell-derived colonies (LTC-IC-derived colonies) generated from @entity2 + and @entity2 +/HLA-DRlo peripheral blood progenitor "stem" cells (PBSCs) increased during 7 days of treatment in this vector-containing medium in the presence of @entity3 , @entity4 , and flt-3 ligand. The described procedure allowed efficient transduction of LTC-IC-derived colonies generated from @entity2 +, @entity2 +/HLA-DRlo, and @entity2 +/CD38lo PBSCs. This is the first report to demonstrate an increase in primitive peripheral blood LTC-IC-derived colonies in vitro as well as their efficient transduction in a high-titer, serum-free vector-containing medium that can be produced exclusively from defined pharmaceutical-grade components, making it ideally suited for applications in clinical gene therapy.

title: Efficient serum-free retroviral gene transfer into primitive @entity0 XXXX progenitor cells by a defined, high-titer, nonconcentrated vector-containing medium.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Defined serum-free conditions have great conceptual advantages for the biological safety and standardization of clinical gene transfer into @entity1 stem cells. In the only study reported to date, Sekhar et al. achieved low serum conditions by a complex concentration procedure of a retroviral supernatant initially containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The high cost, small volume, possible coenrichment of serum-derived pathogens, limited recovery of vector particles, and low titer of the final diluted medium restrict the clinical application of this procedure. Transduction of primitive @entity1 progenitor cells was not demonstrated. In the present study, a defined serum-free medium containing high titers of the pseudotyped retroviral vector PG13/LN was generated from PG13/LN producer cells without requiring a physical enrichment procedure. The transduction of committed @entity1 progenitor cells in the serum-free vector-containing medium was efficient, and similar to that occurring under serum-containing control conditions. The number of primitive @entity0 @entity1 long-term culture-initiating cell-derived colonies (LTC-IC-derived colonies) generated from @entity2 + and @entity2 +/HLA-DRlo peripheral blood progenitor "stem" cells (PBSCs) increased during 7 days of treatment in this vector-containing medium in the presence of @entity3 , @entity4 , and flt-3 ligand. The described procedure allowed efficient transduction of LTC-IC-derived colonies generated from @entity2 +, @entity2 +/HLA-DRlo, and @entity2 +/CD38lo PBSCs. This is the first report to demonstrate an increase in primitive peripheral blood LTC-IC-derived colonies in vitro as well as their efficient transduction in a high-titer, serum-free vector-containing medium that can be produced exclusively from defined pharmaceutical-grade components, making it ideally suited for applications in clinical gene therapy.

title: Efficient serum-free retroviral gene transfer into primitive XXXX @entity1 progenitor cells by a defined, high-titer, nonconcentrated vector-containing medium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: For the screening of @entity2 , @entity3 ) DNA testing is widely used along with Papanicolaou (Pap) testing. Although the sensitivity of the HPV DNA testing is good, its specificity is relatively low. In the present study, the authors evaluated the use of the Gen-Probe APTIMA HPV Assay for the detection of HPV mRNA and compared it with HPV DNA testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liquid cervical Pap specimens collected from 410 @entity0 were assessed using the APTIMA test, the Qiagen Hybrid Capture 2 HPV DNA ( @entity5 ) Test, and the AMPLICOR HPV Test. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of high-risk HPV were 85.6% and 99.2% for the APTIMA test, 94.1% and 98.4% for the @entity5 test, and 90.2% and 95.7% for the AMPLICOR test, respectively. As the severity of the @entity1 progressed, the positive rate of the three tests indicated a similar increase. The clinical sensitivity and specificity for the detection of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were 91.2% and 84.2% for the APTIMA test, 94.5% and 80.4% for the @entity5 test, and 87.9% and 78.2% for the AMPLICOR test, respectively. CONCLUSION: The APTIMA is sensitive and specific for the detection of high-risk HPV. In the specimens with @entity4 , the APTIMA test is more specific than the @entity5 and the AMPLICOR tests. This indicates that the APTIMA test may improve @entity0 management and reduce the cost of screening.

title: Evaluation of the XXXX mRNA test for the detection of @entity1 in Japan.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: For the screening of @entity2 , @entity3 ) DNA testing is widely used along with Papanicolaou (Pap) testing. Although the sensitivity of the HPV DNA testing is good, its specificity is relatively low. In the present study, the authors evaluated the use of the Gen-Probe APTIMA HPV Assay for the detection of HPV mRNA and compared it with HPV DNA testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liquid cervical Pap specimens collected from 410 @entity0 were assessed using the APTIMA test, the Qiagen Hybrid Capture 2 HPV DNA ( @entity5 ) Test, and the AMPLICOR HPV Test. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of high-risk HPV were 85.6% and 99.2% for the APTIMA test, 94.1% and 98.4% for the @entity5 test, and 90.2% and 95.7% for the AMPLICOR test, respectively. As the severity of the @entity1 progressed, the positive rate of the three tests indicated a similar increase. The clinical sensitivity and specificity for the detection of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were 91.2% and 84.2% for the APTIMA test, 94.5% and 80.4% for the @entity5 test, and 87.9% and 78.2% for the AMPLICOR test, respectively. CONCLUSION: The APTIMA is sensitive and specific for the detection of high-risk HPV. In the specimens with @entity4 , the APTIMA test is more specific than the @entity5 and the AMPLICOR tests. This indicates that the APTIMA test may improve @entity0 management and reduce the cost of screening.

title: Evaluation of the @entity3 mRNA test for the detection of XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: While there are sufficient data regarding the negative effect of exposure to the constituents of @entity1 smoke on newborn @entity0 ' birth weights, it is still unclear whether this effect may originate in early pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of exposure to @entity1 smoke components in early pregnancy (20-24 weeks) on fetal biometry. METHODS: The study population comprised 183 @entity0 consecutively enrolled at 20-24 weeks of pregnancy at the two antenatal care units. Ultrasound biometric measurements of fetal @entity3 ( @entity3 ), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were performed at the time of enrollment. Serum @entity2 concentration was determined at 20-24 weeks of gestation by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detector (GC/MS) to assess environmental @entity1 smoke (ETS) exposure during the previous evening and the morning of the same day (blood collection at 1200-1300 h). ETS exposure (passive smoking) was assumed to occur when the level of serum @entity2 ranged from 2-10 ng/ml. RESULTS: In a multiple regression model for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), after adjustment for pregnancy duration at the time of ultrasound examination, fetal gender, and maternal pre-pregnancy weight, a statistically significant negative association was found between the @entity3 and serum @entity2 concentration. A similar association was identified for subjects with serum @entity2 concentrations below 10 ng/ml (corresponding to passive smoking) (P=0.06). After controlling for pregnancy duration, maternal pre-pregnancy weight and @entity0 's gender, we found that serum @entity2 levels at 20-24 weeks of gestation was inversely associated with @entity0 birth weight (P=0.004). For the subjects with serum @entity2 levels below 10 ng/ml, a borderline association (P=0.09) with @entity0 birth weight was found. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal exposure to @entity1 smoke in early pregnancy, as measured by serum @entity2 concentrations at 20-24 weeks of gestation, adversely affects fetal @entity3 . Preventive measures need to be undertaken to encourage pregnant @entity0 to stop smoking and avoid passive exposure to @entity1 smoke from the very beginning of pregnancy.

title: Environmental XXXX smoke exposure among pregnant @entity0 : impact on fetal biometry at 20-24 weeks of gestation and newborn @entity0 's birth weight.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: While there are sufficient data regarding the negative effect of exposure to the constituents of @entity1 smoke on newborn @entity0 ' birth weights, it is still unclear whether this effect may originate in early pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of exposure to @entity1 smoke components in early pregnancy (20-24 weeks) on fetal biometry. METHODS: The study population comprised 183 @entity0 consecutively enrolled at 20-24 weeks of pregnancy at the two antenatal care units. Ultrasound biometric measurements of fetal @entity3 ( @entity3 ), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were performed at the time of enrollment. Serum @entity2 concentration was determined at 20-24 weeks of gestation by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detector (GC/MS) to assess environmental @entity1 smoke (ETS) exposure during the previous evening and the morning of the same day (blood collection at 1200-1300 h). ETS exposure (passive smoking) was assumed to occur when the level of serum @entity2 ranged from 2-10 ng/ml. RESULTS: In a multiple regression model for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), after adjustment for pregnancy duration at the time of ultrasound examination, fetal gender, and maternal pre-pregnancy weight, a statistically significant negative association was found between the @entity3 and serum @entity2 concentration. A similar association was identified for subjects with serum @entity2 concentrations below 10 ng/ml (corresponding to passive smoking) (P=0.06). After controlling for pregnancy duration, maternal pre-pregnancy weight and @entity0 's gender, we found that serum @entity2 levels at 20-24 weeks of gestation was inversely associated with @entity0 birth weight (P=0.004). For the subjects with serum @entity2 levels below 10 ng/ml, a borderline association (P=0.09) with @entity0 birth weight was found. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal exposure to @entity1 smoke in early pregnancy, as measured by serum @entity2 concentrations at 20-24 weeks of gestation, adversely affects fetal @entity3 . Preventive measures need to be undertaken to encourage pregnant @entity0 to stop smoking and avoid passive exposure to @entity1 smoke from the very beginning of pregnancy.

title: Environmental @entity1 smoke exposure among pregnant XXXX : impact on fetal biometry at 20-24 weeks of gestation and newborn @entity0 's birth weight.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: While there are sufficient data regarding the negative effect of exposure to the constituents of @entity1 smoke on newborn @entity0 ' birth weights, it is still unclear whether this effect may originate in early pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of exposure to @entity1 smoke components in early pregnancy (20-24 weeks) on fetal biometry. METHODS: The study population comprised 183 @entity0 consecutively enrolled at 20-24 weeks of pregnancy at the two antenatal care units. Ultrasound biometric measurements of fetal @entity3 ( @entity3 ), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were performed at the time of enrollment. Serum @entity2 concentration was determined at 20-24 weeks of gestation by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detector (GC/MS) to assess environmental @entity1 smoke (ETS) exposure during the previous evening and the morning of the same day (blood collection at 1200-1300 h). ETS exposure (passive smoking) was assumed to occur when the level of serum @entity2 ranged from 2-10 ng/ml. RESULTS: In a multiple regression model for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), after adjustment for pregnancy duration at the time of ultrasound examination, fetal gender, and maternal pre-pregnancy weight, a statistically significant negative association was found between the @entity3 and serum @entity2 concentration. A similar association was identified for subjects with serum @entity2 concentrations below 10 ng/ml (corresponding to passive smoking) (P=0.06). After controlling for pregnancy duration, maternal pre-pregnancy weight and @entity0 's gender, we found that serum @entity2 levels at 20-24 weeks of gestation was inversely associated with @entity0 birth weight (P=0.004). For the subjects with serum @entity2 levels below 10 ng/ml, a borderline association (P=0.09) with @entity0 birth weight was found. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal exposure to @entity1 smoke in early pregnancy, as measured by serum @entity2 concentrations at 20-24 weeks of gestation, adversely affects fetal @entity3 . Preventive measures need to be undertaken to encourage pregnant @entity0 to stop smoking and avoid passive exposure to @entity1 smoke from the very beginning of pregnancy.

title: Environmental @entity1 smoke exposure among pregnant @entity0 : impact on fetal biometry at 20-24 weeks of gestation and newborn XXXX 's birth weight.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Despite improved recognition recently, restrictions in @entity3 continue to cause @entity2 for many @entity1 long after @entity0 treatment. The purpose of this research is to investigate this issue through the perceptions of @entity0 survivors in the context of their everyday lives. Twenty-four @entity1 recruited from a private breast clinic in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, participated in a qualitative study. Discussion groups comprised @entity1 treated for @entity0 within the previous 18 months. Discussions centred on experiences of physical difficulties, follow-up support, arm lymphoedema and exercise therapy during the @entity1 's recoveries. Returning to normal activities for @entity1 after breast surgery was felt to take longer than either the @entity1 's or their physicians' expectations. Many @entity1 reported difficulties in upper-body tasks, which worsened simple everyday responsibilities. The physical impact leads to @entity5 , as the @entity1 are constantly reminded of their illness and the possibility they may never return to their full capacity. These @entity4 may include discomfort while driving and sleeping, posture disturbances, reduced employability in physical work, and decreased ability to do housework and gardening. Having lymphoedema or the threat of developing it was very distressing for most @entity1 . The potential preventive role of physiotherapy-led exercises to prevent further decline and improve function was strongly emphasised during these discussions. Clinicians need to recognise that it is very common for @entity1 with @entity0 to experience upper-body morbidity long after their treatment, and consequently every effort to enhance recovery and avoid further deterioration in function is required.

title: Perceptions of upper-body problems during recovery from XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The GTFB enzyme of the probiotic bacterium @entity3 121 is a 4,6-a-glucanotransferase of glycoside hydrolase family 70 (GH70; http://www.cazy.org ). Contrary to the glucansucrases in GH70, GTFB is unable to use @entity1 as substrate, but instead converts malto-oligosaccharides and starch into isomalto-/malto- polymers that may find application as prebiotics and dietary fibers. The GTFB enzyme expresses well in @entity4 Star (DE3), but mostly accumulates in inclusion bodies (IBs) which generally contain wrongly folded protein and inactive enzyme. METHODS: Denaturation followed by refolding, as well as ncIB preparation were used for isolation of active GTFB protein from inclusion bodies. Soluble, refolded and ncIB GTFB were compared using activity assays, secondary structure analysis by FT-IR, and product analyses by NMR, HPAEC and SEC. RESULTS: Expression of GTFB in @entity0 yielded > 100 mg/l relatively pure and active but mostly insoluble GTFB protein in IBs, regardless of the expression conditions used. Following denaturing, refolding of GTFB protein was most efficient in double distilled @entity2 . Also, GTFB ncIBs were active, with approx. 10 % of hydrolysis activity compared to the soluble protein. When expressed as units of activity obtained per liter @entity0 culture, the total amount of ncIB GTFB expressed possessed around 180 % hydrolysis activity and 100 % transferase activity compared to the amount of soluble GTFB enzyme obtained from one liter culture. The product profiles obtained for the three GTFB enzyme preparations were similar when analyzed by HPAEC and NMR. SEC investigation also showed that these 3 enzyme preparations yielded products with similar size distributions. FT-IR analysis revealed extended b-sheet formation in ncIB GTFB providing an explanation at the molecular level for reduced GTFB activity in ncIBs. The thermostability of ncIB GTFB was relatively high compared to the soluble and refolded GTFB. CONCLUSION: In view of their relatively high yield, activity and high thermostability, both refolded and ncIB GTFB derived from IBs in @entity0 may find industrial application in the synthesis of modified starches.

title: Characterization of the 4,6-a-glucanotransferase GTFB enzyme of XXXX 121 isolated from inclusion bodies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10 is an @entity9 , frequent in tropical countries and fairly rare in temperate areas under certain conditions. Disseminated forms can provoke @entity1 . CASE REPORT: A 75 year-old @entity0 , hospitalized for @entity3 , developed multivisceral (cerebral, renal, cardiac pulmonary and hepatic) damage over 48 hours, attributed to @entity10 . The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of larvae in the tracheal and gastric aspiration fluids. Treatment combined @entity6 and @entity7 . COMMENTS: Disseminated stronglyloidiasis is essentially observed in immunodepressed @entity0 , under corticosteroids or @entity5 carriers, although an @entity4 status does not appear to intervene. Larvae can be found in all the organs. @entity2 occurs by multivisceral failure in 50 to 70% of cases. Broncho-alveolar washing and examination of the gastric fluids is the key to diagnosis. Treatment relies on @entity11 , @entity6 or @entity7 , and the symptomatic management of all the @entity8 .

title: [ XXXX , a rare cause of multiple organ failure].

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of @entity1 in critically ill @entity0 and to identify opportunities for reducing antibiotic use in this population. DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: A tertiary-care medical-surgical pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). @entity0 : @entity0 admitted to the PICU who experienced @entity1 (axillary temperature >38.3 degrees C). MEASUREMENTS: Consecutive @entity0 who were febrile at any point in their PICU stay were investigated over two winter seasons. Etiology of the @entity1 was determined by physical examination and routine microbiology and radiographic tests. Three subgroups were reviewed to approximate the number of antibiotic-days that could have been reduced; namely, those with an indeterminate source, those with a documented @entity2 , and those receiving a prolonged course of antibiotics. A set of standards reflecting common antibiotic use then was applied to these three @entity0 groups. RESULTS: Of 211 subjects, the majority (83.3%) had either a definitive or suspected focus for their @entity1 , and nearly all of these @entity0 were judged to have an infectious etiology. The study population received a total of 2,036 antibiotic-days. Despite the high incidence of infectious causes of @entity1 in our subjects, however, approximately 15% of total antibiotic-days could have been reduced by applying common-use standards. CONCLUSIONS: Fever in the PICU was usually of defined focus and infectious in origin. However, among febrile @entity0 in the PICU, substantial opportunity exists for reduction of antibiotic use. Trials determining the safety of antibiotic reduction in this population should be pursued vigorously.

title: Etiology of XXXX and opportunities for reduction of antibiotic use in a pediatric intensive care unit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a @entity3 , often unnoticed till the late stages, where treatment options become limited. Thus, there is a critical need to identify biomarkers for early detection of the developing @entity5 , as well as molecular pathways that would be amenable to therapeutic intervention. While analysis of @entity0 @entity5 tissues and serum components may serve these purposes, inability of early detection also precludes possibilities of identification of biomarkers or pathways that are sequentially perturbed at earlier phases of disease progression. We have therefore explored the option of utilizing @entity2 models to understand in a systematic and longitudinal manner the molecular pathways that are progressively deregulated by various etiological factors in contributing to @entity5 formation, and report the initial findings in characterizing their validity. Hepatitis B surface antigen @entity2 was used as a @entity4 model, which have been exposed to @entity6 at various stages in life. Our findings confirm a synergistic effect of both these etiological factors, with a gender bias towards males for @entity5 predisposition. Time-based @entity6 treatment also demonstrated the requirement of non-quiescent liver for effective transformation. @entity1 from these models with various etiologies resemble @entity0 HCCs histologically and at the molecular level. Extensive molecular characterization revealed the presence of a 11-gene @entity5 -expression signature that was able to discern transformed @entity0 hepatocytes from primary cells regardless of etiology, and from other @entity1 types. Moreover, distinct molecular pathways appear to be deregulated by various etiological agents en route to formation of HCCs, in which common pathways converge, highlighting the existence of etiology-specific as well as common @entity5 -specific molecular perturbations. This study therefore highlights the utility of these @entity2 models, which provide a rich resource for the longitudinal analysis of molecular changes and biomarkers associated with @entity5 that could be exploited further for therapeutic targeting.

title: Molecular characterization of hepatocarcinogenesis using XXXX models.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal @entity1 implant 0.7 mg (Ozurdex) in radiation @entity2 secondary to plaque brachytherapy in @entity0 . METHODS: Twelve eyes diagnosed of radiation @entity2 secondary to plaque brachytherapy and treated with intravitreal @entity1 implant were included. Visual acuity, foveal thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and grade of @entity3 , using Horgan classification, were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean age was 65.5    28 years (range, 40-82 years). Mean follow-up was 8.2    7.8 months (range, 2-28 months). Mean visual acuity before treatment was, in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution scale, 1    0.58 (range, 0.4-2) and mean final visual acuity 0.8    0.58 (range, 0.2-2), showing a nonsignificant trend to improvement (P = 0.091; Wilcoxon's test). Foveal thickness before treatment was 416    263  m (range, 222-725  m) and final foveal thickness 254    170  m (range, 145-750), showing a significant decrease (P = 0.016; Wilcoxon's test). Referring to Horgan classification, a significant reduction in grades before and after treatment was demonstrated (P = 0.007; Wilcoxon's test). CONCLUSION: Ozurdex is a useful treatment for radiation @entity2 associated to plaque brachytherapy for @entity4 , with a significant decrease in foveal thickness and a significant improvement in Horgan classification. This anatomical improvement was correlated with a moderate improvement in visual acuity.

title: INTRAVITREAL XXXX IMPLANT FOR RADIATION MACULOPATHY SECONDARY TO PLAQUE BRACHYTHERAPY IN CHOROIDAL MELANOMA.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity4 and other @entity5 and the causes of symptomatic @entity4 in a Saudi Arabian population. METHODS: Door to door survey of a restricted area inhabited by 23 700 Saudi nationals. The World Health Organization (WHO) protocol designed to detect @entity1 was used as screening instrument. All @entity0 with probable @entity5 were examined by a neurologist and 92% of positive cases were investigated by brain computed tomography (CT) and electroencephalogram (EEG). RESULTS: Prevalence rate (PR) for active @entity4 was 6.54 /1000 population (95% confidence interval 5.48-7.60). Twenty-eight percent of the @entity0 had partial @entity5 , 21% generalized @entity5 and in 51%, it was not possible to determine if the generalized @entity5 had focal onset or not. The @entity4 was symptomatic in 32% of the cases: pre or perinatal @entity3 23%, @entity6 4%, childhood @entity1 4% and @entity2 1%. Febrile @entity5 PR was 3.55 /1000 @entity0 under the age of 6 years and @entity5 were documented in only 0.18 /1000 population. CONCLUSIONS: The PR of @entity4 in Saudi Arabs is within the range of the values reported in most communities. The causes of symptomatic @entity4 revealed a predominance of perinatal and inherited factors. Isolated and non-convulsive @entity5 were probably under-recognized due to various social and cultural factors as well as to lack of sensitivity of the questionnaire for non-convulsive @entity5 .

title: The prevalence of XXXX and other @entity4 in an Arab population: a community-based study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity4 and other @entity5 and the causes of symptomatic @entity4 in a Saudi Arabian population. METHODS: Door to door survey of a restricted area inhabited by 23 700 Saudi nationals. The World Health Organization (WHO) protocol designed to detect @entity1 was used as screening instrument. All @entity0 with probable @entity5 were examined by a neurologist and 92% of positive cases were investigated by brain computed tomography (CT) and electroencephalogram (EEG). RESULTS: Prevalence rate (PR) for active @entity4 was 6.54 /1000 population (95% confidence interval 5.48-7.60). Twenty-eight percent of the @entity0 had partial @entity5 , 21% generalized @entity5 and in 51%, it was not possible to determine if the generalized @entity5 had focal onset or not. The @entity4 was symptomatic in 32% of the cases: pre or perinatal @entity3 23%, @entity6 4%, childhood @entity1 4% and @entity2 1%. Febrile @entity5 PR was 3.55 /1000 @entity0 under the age of 6 years and @entity5 were documented in only 0.18 /1000 population. CONCLUSIONS: The PR of @entity4 in Saudi Arabs is within the range of the values reported in most communities. The causes of symptomatic @entity4 revealed a predominance of perinatal and inherited factors. Isolated and non-convulsive @entity5 were probably under-recognized due to various social and cultural factors as well as to lack of sensitivity of the questionnaire for non-convulsive @entity5 .

title: The prevalence of @entity4 and other XXXX in an Arab population: a community-based study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 can acquire conditioned flavor preferences based on the postingestive delivery of energy-rich nutrients. Here, we tried to condition flavor preferences to the postingestive delivery of the nutrient, @entity2 . Three experiments were conducted. In one, @entity2 -depleted @entity0 were allowed to choose between two arbitrary flavors for 8 days. Ingestion of one of the flavors initiated infusions of one of two volumes of 150 mM @entity1 , whereas ingestion of the other flavor had no effect. The @entity0 showed no preference for the flavor paired with @entity1 infusion. In another, @entity2 -depleted @entity0 were given two pairs of 24-h one-bottle training trials. Ingestion of the flavor presented during one trial initiated infusions of water or one of four concentrations of @entity1 (75, 150, 300 or 450 mM @entity1 ). Ingestion of the flavor presented on the other trial in each pair had no effect. In a subsequent two-bottle choice between the two flavors, the @entity0 were either indifferent to (water, 75 and 150 mM) or avoided (300 or 450 mM) the infusion-paired flavor. In the third study, replete @entity0 were trained as in the previous experiment with 150 mM @entity1 as the infusate and tested after @entity2 deficiency was induced by @entity3 . These animals avoided the flavor paired with @entity1 infusion. We conclude that @entity0 cannot associate an arbitrary taste with the beneficial effects of postingestive delivery of @entity1 , or if they can, this occurs only under rare circumstances.

title: Some failures of intragastric XXXX infusions to support flavor preference learning.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Kujawsko-pomorskie province is a region with high morbidity and death-rate from @entity0 . One method of improving this situation is prophylactic medical examinations aiming to find out the less advanced forms. DESIGN: The aim of work was to estimate the results of prophylactic medical examinations that were taken in Regional Oncological Center of Bydgoszcz during a 2002 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammography were taken using 3 devices. First one so called "mobile" localized in chosen health service centres, second in mammobus reaching distant communes and third taking examinations locally, where gynaecologic examination and breast examination took place. Cytologic examination were rated with Bethesda's system and according to Papanicolau. There was 23923 @entity1 examined for @entity0 (age 35-79) and 7946 for @entity2 (age 30-74). 9183 medical examinations were taken by "mobile" device, 4592 in mammobus and 10148 locally. 11986 @entity1 had breast examination, 6118 had gynaecologic examination. RESULTS: Among cytologic examinations results were: I group--3902, II group--4019, III group--21, IV group--3, V group--1. Ten uterine cervix @entity2 were found, that makes 0.13% of examined population. Five of them were @entity3 planoepitheliale praeinvasivum. Among prophylactic of @entity0 91 cases were discovered (0.38% of examined population). Five of them were @entity3 intraductale typus comedo (3 were mastectomy simplex, 2 tumorectomy with radiotherapy). The treatment of invasive @entity3 was breast conserving. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic medical examinations let to find @entity2 in early state of development, and number of detection of @entity3 is a justification of continuation of this project. Possibility to do examinations for @entity1 from villages should have influence on detection early @entity0 .

title: [Prophylactic medical examinations for XXXX in Regional Oncological Center of Bydgoszcz in year 2002].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct and cross-validate logistic regression models used for the prediction of @entity2 in two groups of @entity0 with @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative clinical, gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound data of 307 @entity0 treated in the Ist Dept of Gynecology of the Medical University in Lublin (group I) and 464 of @entity0 treated in the Dept of Surgical Gynecology, Medical University in Poznan (group II) were analyzed retrospectively. These data were used to construct predictive models which were developed for both groups separately and then cross-validated (12 cases in each group, six malignant and 6 benign) between the groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was chosen to calculate probability of @entity1 in each examined mass. RESULTS: There were 228 (74.2%) @entity1 and 79 (25.7%) @entity1 in group I. Group II consisted of 299 (64.4%) @entity1 and 165 (35.6%) malignant masses. Only six variables were included in the logistic regression model in group I. These were age, bilaterality, septae, papillary projections, volume and color score. In group II there were also 6 variables included in the regression model (menopausal status, septae, bilaterality, @entity3 , blood vessel localization and PI). At 50% probability of @entity1 the model constructed for group I had a sensitivity and specificity of 74.6% i 94.7%, respectively. At the same probability level in group II sensitivity and specificity were 86.1% i 93.6%, respectively. Cross-validation of the predictive model constructed for group I in randomly selected cases from group II had sensitivity of 66.4% and specificity of 79.2%. Sensitivity and specificity of the group II model tested in cases from group I were 64.3% and 75.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that predictive models created with the use of multiple logistic regression analysis may be useful in preoperative discrimination of @entity1 . However, much better definition of diagnostic criteria, especially color Doppler score must be achieved before these models could be widely used in clinical practice.

title: [Characteristics of XXXX with color Doppler sonography: a comparison of predictive models derived from two academic centers data].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiogenesis in @entity2 is a prognostic factor associated with @entity2 growth and @entity1 . The aim of the research was: determination of the angiodensity rate in two immunohistochemical techniques, estimation of the value of the examined parameter at different stages of clinical progression and histological differentiation of @entity4 , and analysis of the obtained values as prognostic factors in the disease process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The examination covered 86 @entity0 treated surgically for @entity4 . The preliminary histological evaluation was followed by immunohistochemical methods. The microvessels within the invasive @entity2 were highlighted by means of immuno-cytochemical staining to detect @entity5 and @entity6 . The average value of angiodesity was estimated by means of a computer image analyser. RESULTS: The group of @entity0 at the preinvasive stage of the disease manifested significantly statistically lower values of angiodensity. It was detected that the histological differentiation of @entity3 does not influence intensification of angiogenesis. Higher values of this parameter have an adverse influence on the survival rate. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the angiodensity coefficient can be a helpful prognostic parameter in @entity4 .

title: [Neo-angiogenesis in immunohistochemical techniques as a prognostic factor in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of autotransplantation in aggressive @entity4 . At present, the clinical indications for high-dose therapy include @entity0 with relapsed or poor prognosis disease. Hematopoietic reconstitution with peripheral stem cells has rendered transplantation less toxic but the optimal preparative regimen remains to be found. It should combine a high antitumor activity with acceptable @entity2 to normal tissues. The literature, on combinations of drugs with or without total body irradiation, was reviewed with regard to this objective. BEAM, CBV and ICE, the most common chemotherapy regimens can be considered safe as they cause low transplant-related morbidity. The combination of fractionated @entity1 and @entity5 or @entity3 was not found to be superior. However, it must be kept in mind that comparisons were made on registry data or retrospectively. In every case, relapse of the residual primary disease argue for the need for more effective strategies such as tandem transplantation or sequential high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell support. To obtain an objective evaluation, these new preparative regimens need to be tested in controlled trials with treatment groups stratified for known prognostic factors.

title: Conditioning regimens before transplantation in @entity0 with aggressive XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of autotransplantation in aggressive @entity4 . At present, the clinical indications for high-dose therapy include @entity0 with relapsed or poor prognosis disease. Hematopoietic reconstitution with peripheral stem cells has rendered transplantation less toxic but the optimal preparative regimen remains to be found. It should combine a high antitumor activity with acceptable @entity2 to normal tissues. The literature, on combinations of drugs with or without total body irradiation, was reviewed with regard to this objective. BEAM, CBV and ICE, the most common chemotherapy regimens can be considered safe as they cause low transplant-related morbidity. The combination of fractionated @entity1 and @entity5 or @entity3 was not found to be superior. However, it must be kept in mind that comparisons were made on registry data or retrospectively. In every case, relapse of the residual primary disease argue for the need for more effective strategies such as tandem transplantation or sequential high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell support. To obtain an objective evaluation, these new preparative regimens need to be tested in controlled trials with treatment groups stratified for known prognostic factors.

title: Conditioning regimens before transplantation in XXXX with aggressive @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe and analyse relationship between @entity8 and @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Seven immunocompetent @entity0 examined and treated between November 1992 and March 1996, with @entity6 and @entity5 . RESULTS: Of the 7 @entity0 examined, 5 had active retinochoroiditis and 2 had typical inactive scars. Of the @entity0 with active focus 3 had @entity4 , one had a posterior retinal tear and one had a retinal tear located at the edge of an @entity7 . Of the @entity0 with inactive lesions, one had tractional @entity5 and the other presented with a complete @entity5 , multiples tears and @entity10 . Five @entity0 were treated by @entity3 without antitoxoplasmic drug before they were referred. The seven @entity0 underwent endo-ocular surgery with @entity9 oil or long actic gas tamponade. Three @entity0 developed @entity10 and redetachment of the retina and two @entity0 underwent further surgery. Good anatomical result was obtained in 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 associated with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is rare. However it represents a serious complication. @entity2 administrated to salvage vision may then worsen the clinical course, these may be justified to reduce @entity1 to toxoplasma antigen, but they should be combined with an antimicrobial agent.

title: [Toxoplasmic XXXX complicated by @entity5 ].

answer: @entity8