abstract: Changes in absorbance of voltage-sensitive @entity5 - @entity6 dyes were used to monitor electrical responses in the semilunar ganglion of 4-10-day-old developing @entity2 embryos. The electrical responses were simultaneously recorded from many positions in the ganglion. Stimulation of the afferent nerve fibers (the ophthalmic division of cranial nerve V) with a suction electrode led to changes in light absorption of the stained ganglia. With both the depolarizing and hyperpolarizing pulses, the change was largest at 700 nm and was eliminated at a wavelength of 620 nm where the voltage-dependent absorption change of the dyes disappears. In the 4-10-day-old @entity3 , two types of optical membrane potential responses, 'non-conducted' and 'conducted' responses, were identified. The non-conducted response varied with the intensity of the stimulus and had the nature of an electrotonic spread. Furthermore, this non-conducted response exhibited an 'initial upstroke-response' followed by the steady-state plateau evoked by larger depolarizing pulses. The conducted responses were blocked by @entity1 ( @entity4 ) or by high external @entity0 concentration. The incidence of the conducted responses increased as development proceeded from the 5th to the 10th day of age. Thus, the @entity4 -sensitive action potential activity is probably generated initially in the semilunar ganglion during the 5-10-day-stage of development. These data represent the first demonstration of membrane potential responses in early embryonic intact nervous system. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the usefulness of voltage-sensitive dyes in the analysis of the organizing process of embryonic neuronal functions during these early stages of development.

title: Optical recording of membrane potential responses from early embryonic XXXX ganglia using voltage-sensitive dyes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the primary Gleason grade (GG) in @entity3 for risk of non-organ-confined disease with the goal of optimizing radiotherapy treatment option counseling. METHODS: One thousand three hundred thirty-three @entity0 with pathologic GS7 were identified in the Duke Prostate Center research database. Clinical factors including age, race, clinical stage, @entity4 at diagnosis, and pathologic stage were obtained. Data were stratified by @entity4 and clinical stage at diagnosis into adapted D'Amico risk groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed evaluating for association of primary GG with pathologic outcome. RESULTS: Nine hundred seventy-nine @entity0 had primary GG3 and 354 had GG4. On univariate analyses, GG4 was associated with an increased risk of non-organ-confined disease. On multivariate analysis, GG4 was independently associated with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) but not extracapsular extension. @entity0 with otherwise low-risk disease and primary GG3 had a very low risk of @entity1 (4%). CONCLUSIONS: Primary GG4 in GS7 @entity2 is associated with increased risk of @entity1 compared with primary GG3. Otherwise low-risk @entity0 with GS 3+4 have a very low risk of @entity1 and may be candidates for prostate-only radiotherapy modalities.

title: Impact of primary Gleason grade on risk stratification for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Pure swards of @entity4 ( @entity4 . cv. Melle) or white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) were harvested daily at three and two stages of growth respectively, and offered to housed @entity1 . The grass diets comprised primary growth (May) and two later regrowths of contrasting morphology (i.e. leaf: stem values of 1.54 and 2.84 respectively), and were characterized by high contents of water-soluble @entity3 and neutral-detergent fibre and comparable in vitro @entity0 ( @entity0 ) digestibilities (mean 0.80). Total @entity2 content was higher on primary growth grass (34 g/kg @entity0 ) than on regrowths (23 g/kg @entity0 ) but lower than values obtained for the two clover diets (38 and 43 g/kg @entity0 , respectively). The clover diets had lower water-soluble @entity3 contents than the grasses, comparable cellulose, but lower neutral-detergent fibre contents and in vitro @entity0 digestibilities of 0.70 and 0.77 respectively. 2. The experiment lasted from May until August, during which time a total of twenty-one young Friesian steers (initial average live weight 130 kg) were used to determine both nutrient supply to the small intestine (twelve animals) and apparent digestibility (nine animals). Each diet was offered at three levels of @entity0 intake (i.e. 18, 22 and 26 g/kg live weight). A further six steers, all fed at the rate of 22 g @entity0 /kg live weight, were used to determine the metabolizable energy contents of the five diets by means of open-circuit calorimetry. 3. The three grass diets and the later-cut clover had, as intended, quite similar in vivo organic matter digestibilities, but that of the earlier-cut clover was lower, and this was associated with a large number of flower heads in this crop at the time of feeding. 4. On the clover diets, proportionately less of the ingested organic matter appeared to be digested in the rumen (0.40) compared with the grass diets (0.58) (P less than 0.001). On the high-N primary grass and the clover diets, substantial rumen losses of N were detected (P less than 0.01) compared with regrowth grasses. 5. The metabolizable energy content of the primary growth of grass was 12.2 MJ/kg @entity0 , whilst the values for the other two grass diets were lower (11.6 MJ/kg @entity0 ), despite no marked decline in overall energy digestibility. Values for the two clover diets (mean 10.5 MJ/kg @entity0 ) were considerably lower than all values noted for the grasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The digestion of fresh XXXX ( @entity4 . cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing @entity1 fed indoors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Pure swards of @entity4 ( @entity4 . cv. Melle) or white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) were harvested daily at three and two stages of growth respectively, and offered to housed @entity1 . The grass diets comprised primary growth (May) and two later regrowths of contrasting morphology (i.e. leaf: stem values of 1.54 and 2.84 respectively), and were characterized by high contents of water-soluble @entity3 and neutral-detergent fibre and comparable in vitro @entity0 ( @entity0 ) digestibilities (mean 0.80). Total @entity2 content was higher on primary growth grass (34 g/kg @entity0 ) than on regrowths (23 g/kg @entity0 ) but lower than values obtained for the two clover diets (38 and 43 g/kg @entity0 , respectively). The clover diets had lower water-soluble @entity3 contents than the grasses, comparable cellulose, but lower neutral-detergent fibre contents and in vitro @entity0 digestibilities of 0.70 and 0.77 respectively. 2. The experiment lasted from May until August, during which time a total of twenty-one young Friesian steers (initial average live weight 130 kg) were used to determine both nutrient supply to the small intestine (twelve animals) and apparent digestibility (nine animals). Each diet was offered at three levels of @entity0 intake (i.e. 18, 22 and 26 g/kg live weight). A further six steers, all fed at the rate of 22 g @entity0 /kg live weight, were used to determine the metabolizable energy contents of the five diets by means of open-circuit calorimetry. 3. The three grass diets and the later-cut clover had, as intended, quite similar in vivo organic matter digestibilities, but that of the earlier-cut clover was lower, and this was associated with a large number of flower heads in this crop at the time of feeding. 4. On the clover diets, proportionately less of the ingested organic matter appeared to be digested in the rumen (0.40) compared with the grass diets (0.58) (P less than 0.001). On the high-N primary grass and the clover diets, substantial rumen losses of N were detected (P less than 0.01) compared with regrowth grasses. 5. The metabolizable energy content of the primary growth of grass was 12.2 MJ/kg @entity0 , whilst the values for the other two grass diets were lower (11.6 MJ/kg @entity0 ), despite no marked decline in overall energy digestibility. Values for the two clover diets (mean 10.5 MJ/kg @entity0 ) were considerably lower than all values noted for the grasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The digestion of fresh @entity4 ( XXXX . cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing @entity1 fed indoors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Pure swards of @entity4 ( @entity4 . cv. Melle) or white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) were harvested daily at three and two stages of growth respectively, and offered to housed @entity1 . The grass diets comprised primary growth (May) and two later regrowths of contrasting morphology (i.e. leaf: stem values of 1.54 and 2.84 respectively), and were characterized by high contents of water-soluble @entity3 and neutral-detergent fibre and comparable in vitro @entity0 ( @entity0 ) digestibilities (mean 0.80). Total @entity2 content was higher on primary growth grass (34 g/kg @entity0 ) than on regrowths (23 g/kg @entity0 ) but lower than values obtained for the two clover diets (38 and 43 g/kg @entity0 , respectively). The clover diets had lower water-soluble @entity3 contents than the grasses, comparable cellulose, but lower neutral-detergent fibre contents and in vitro @entity0 digestibilities of 0.70 and 0.77 respectively. 2. The experiment lasted from May until August, during which time a total of twenty-one young Friesian steers (initial average live weight 130 kg) were used to determine both nutrient supply to the small intestine (twelve animals) and apparent digestibility (nine animals). Each diet was offered at three levels of @entity0 intake (i.e. 18, 22 and 26 g/kg live weight). A further six steers, all fed at the rate of 22 g @entity0 /kg live weight, were used to determine the metabolizable energy contents of the five diets by means of open-circuit calorimetry. 3. The three grass diets and the later-cut clover had, as intended, quite similar in vivo organic matter digestibilities, but that of the earlier-cut clover was lower, and this was associated with a large number of flower heads in this crop at the time of feeding. 4. On the clover diets, proportionately less of the ingested organic matter appeared to be digested in the rumen (0.40) compared with the grass diets (0.58) (P less than 0.001). On the high-N primary grass and the clover diets, substantial rumen losses of N were detected (P less than 0.01) compared with regrowth grasses. 5. The metabolizable energy content of the primary growth of grass was 12.2 MJ/kg @entity0 , whilst the values for the other two grass diets were lower (11.6 MJ/kg @entity0 ), despite no marked decline in overall energy digestibility. Values for the two clover diets (mean 10.5 MJ/kg @entity0 ) were considerably lower than all values noted for the grasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The digestion of fresh @entity4 ( @entity4 . cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing XXXX fed indoors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Variability in dimensions and course of vertebral artery (VA) makes it vulnerable to injury during surgery for @entity4 (AAD) with or without an occipitalized atlas. AIMS: This prospective study attempts to define anatomical variations that render VA at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) vulnerable to injury during transoral decompression and posterior stabilization procedures; and, to propose a classification that helps in preoperative risk stratification. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 104 @entity0 (65 with AAD; 39 controls) underwent a three-dimensional multiplanar computed tomographic angiogram to study anatomical variations in VA size, course, and anomalous medial deviation as well as in the type of axial isthmus and @entity2 /tilt at the CVJ. The VA/foramen transversarium diameter; "stretched loop" sign of VA; and C1-2 facet joint angle were also assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: A medial VA deviation that brought it in close proximity to the trajectory of the surgical approach was evaluated (P  <= 0.05 significant). RESULTS: An increased predisposition to @entity3 was present in 23 (35.4%) @entity0 (persistent first intersegmental artery [n = 20; 30%]; fenestrated VA [n = 1; 1.53%], and low-lying posterior inferior cerebellar artery [n = 2; 3.0%]) where VA crossed the C1-2 facet joint; 8 (12%) with an anomalous medial deviation; 12 (18%) with a high-riding VA at C2 and a narrow axial isthmus; and 13 (20%) with rotation/tilt at the CVJ. A normal score of 5 was obtained in 21 @entity0 ; and a score of 6-9 (that progressively indicated an increased vulnerability of VA to @entity1 ) in 44 @entity0 . The "AAD with an occipitalized atlas" group was associated with a significant medial deviation of VA (right: P = 0.00 and left: P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A preoperative detailed risk assessment of anatomical variations in the size and course of VA at the CVJ significantly reduces chances of its @entity1 .

title: Risk stratification of vertebral artery vulnerability during surgery for XXXX with or without an occipitalized atlas.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) disrupts the lives of many Veterans and their families, and multiple treatment options exist. Two evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs)-cognitive processing therapy ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 )-are specifically identified by Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense clinical practice guidelines as first-line treatments. Despite the strong emphasis on training clinicians to provide these EBPs, several questions remain unaddressed. We sought to answer 3 main questions: What associated clinical features are clinicians considering as they select @entity3 or @entity1 to treat a given @entity0 ? What exclusionary criteria are clinicians using? How helpful do clinicians find the extant literature on comorbid conditions and associated clinical features when making treatment decisions? We contacted mental health clinicians who were VA-trained in @entity1 and @entity3 and requested participation in this online survey. We (a) identified several associated factors that clinicians use to help select between these treatments, (b) determined which associated factors or comorbidities clinicians identified as exclusionary criteria for @entity1 or @entity3 , and (c) evaluated the perceived utility of research to practicing clinicians. We discuss factors for which clinicians reached a consensus, areas of discrepancy (e.g., substance use), and factors for which further research guidance would be beneficial (e.g., dissociation). Findings imply that VA efforts at disseminating best treatment practices and current @entity2 research have been effective. Additionally, findings can help inform treatment guidelines and clinical trainings, as well as highlight gaps in research identified by clinicians. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Clinical treatment selection for XXXX : Suggestions for researchers and clinical trainers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 former amosite @entity5 workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and had autopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these @entity0 were exposed to @entity5 for three months or less. Four had @entity1 , and one a @entity3 . All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous ( @entity5 ) body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissue sections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for @entity2 and ferruginous bodies, and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial @entity2 . (Control lung tissue was obtained from consecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to @entity5 .) Relatively low @entity4 counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of @entity2 , and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe @entity2 . Mild to moderate @entity6 could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chest roentgenograms.

title: @entity6 , @entity3 , and XXXX counts in amosite @entity5 workers. A study of six cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 former amosite @entity5 workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and had autopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these @entity0 were exposed to @entity5 for three months or less. Four had @entity1 , and one a @entity3 . All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous ( @entity5 ) body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissue sections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for @entity2 and ferruginous bodies, and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial @entity2 . (Control lung tissue was obtained from consecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to @entity5 .) Relatively low @entity4 counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of @entity2 , and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe @entity2 . Mild to moderate @entity6 could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chest roentgenograms.

title: XXXX , @entity3 , and @entity4 counts in amosite @entity5 workers. A study of six cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 former amosite @entity5 workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and had autopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these @entity0 were exposed to @entity5 for three months or less. Four had @entity1 , and one a @entity3 . All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous ( @entity5 ) body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissue sections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for @entity2 and ferruginous bodies, and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial @entity2 . (Control lung tissue was obtained from consecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to @entity5 .) Relatively low @entity4 counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of @entity2 , and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe @entity2 . Mild to moderate @entity6 could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chest roentgenograms.

title: @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity4 counts in amosite XXXX workers. A study of six cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 former amosite @entity5 workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and had autopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these @entity0 were exposed to @entity5 for three months or less. Four had @entity1 , and one a @entity3 . All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous ( @entity5 ) body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissue sections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for @entity2 and ferruginous bodies, and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial @entity2 . (Control lung tissue was obtained from consecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to @entity5 .) Relatively low @entity4 counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of @entity2 , and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe @entity2 . Mild to moderate @entity6 could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chest roentgenograms.

title: @entity6 , XXXX , and @entity4 counts in amosite @entity5 workers. A study of six cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: Aural @entity5 is a @entity1 constituted by partial or complete lack of development of the external auditory canal, which is generally associated with @entity4 of the auricle and middle ear. Reconstruction of the auditory canal and correction of any deformities of the middle ear have yielded unpredictable results and variable functional outcomes, and there is a high rate of complications. Therefore, the use of bone-conduction hearing aids, such as the Baha, may represent a valid alternative for subjects who have conductive @entity2 with cochlear reserve that, as a rule, is fully conserved. The aim of this work is to reexamine our experience with the management of conductive and mixed @entity2 using the Baha system in @entity0 with bilateral aural @entity5 . METHODS: We examined 31 @entity0 with bilateral @entity6 in whom a Baha system had been implanted. The @entity0 , 16 males and 15 females, were between 5 and 14 years of age (mean 8.7). The following parameters were assessed for each @entity0 : mean preoperative air and bone conduction for frequencies between 0.5 and 4kHz; mean preoperative threshold with conventional bone-conduction hearing aids; mean postoperative threshold with the Baha system; improvement in quality of life evaluated with the Glasgow @entity0 's Benefit Inventory; rate and @entity3 . RESULTS: The mean preoperative air- and bone-conduction thresholds were 51.2  12.5 and 14.1  6.3dB HL, respectively. The mean preoperative threshold with a conventional bone-conduction hearing aid was 29.3  7.2dB HL, and the mean postoperative threshold with the Baha system was 18.1  7.5dB HL. Quality of life improved for all operated @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study of the Baha system to treat @entity0 with bilateral aural @entity5 were extremely satisfactory compared both with those of surgical reconstruction of the auditory canal and those of traditional bone-conduction hearing aids. Furthermore, great improvement was noted in quality of life, while the rate of complications was very low. Therefore, we are convinced that the Baha system is the treatment of choice for @entity2 due to bilateral @entity6 .

title: Bone-anchored hearing aids (Baha) in XXXX : personal experience.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Nasal vaccination is an effective therapeutic regimen for preventing @entity3 , while DNA vaccines represent a new approach for controlling @entity1 . Here, we examined the efficacy of nasally administered DNA vaccine on @entity3 . A DNA plasmid encoding the P6 outer membrane protein of nontypeable @entity2 (NTHi) was constructed. @entity0 were immunized 3 times intranasally with the DNA plasmid and Matrix-M, an immunostimulatory complex adjuvant. P6-specific immune responses were examined using purified P6 protein. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) CD4(+) T cells were purified and incubated with feeder cells in the presence of P6, and the expression of cytokine mRNA was examined. In addition, NTHi challenges were performed and the level of NTHi was quantified in nasal washes. P6-specific nasal wash IgA and serum IgG were elevated following immunization with the DNA plasmid and Matrix-M. The number of specific IgA-producing cells increased in the nasal passages of the immunized @entity0 . In addition to Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression, IL-17 was detected in P6-specific NALT CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, DNA vaccination enhanced bacterial clearance. These findings suggest that a successful DNA vaccination protocol has been developed for inducing in vivo immune responses against NTHi. Nasal vaccination with P6 DNA vaccine and Matrix-M might be a new effective regimen for the induction of specific protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract.

title: Nasal immunization with plasmid DNA encoding P6 protein and immunostimulatory complexes elicits nontypeable XXXX -specific long-term mucosal immune responses in the nasopharynx.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This meta-analysis sets out to systematically assess the efficacy of short course radiation (SRT) for @entity1 @entity0 based on randomized, controlled trials. Eight randomized controlled trials involving 6894 @entity0 were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. Three trials (n   =   2574) compared SRT with surgery alone. Local recurrence was improved (HR   =   0.48, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.58). Overall survival was marginally improved with an HR of 0.90 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.00), but the magnitude of benefit was heterogeneous across trials. An additional three trials (n   =   3682) compared SRT with selective postoperative radiation    chemotherapy. A significant reduction of local recurrence (HR   =   0.44, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.56) was also found after SRT. However, no benefit in overall survival was observed. Moreover, two trials (n   =   638) compared SRT with long course chemoradiation. There was no statistically significant local recurrence or overall survival difference observed between the two strategies. @entity0 receiving SRT had lower grade 3 or 4 acute treatment related @entity2 (RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.22) whereas no difference in late @entity2 was observed. Overall, SRT is a reasonable alternative for resectable @entity1 @entity0 and should be part of an informed discussion of treatment options for this group of @entity0 .

title: Short Course Radiation in the Treatment of Localized XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A vaccine against serogroup B @entity1 , major cause of @entity2 in @entity0 and adults, has recently been developed. In a context of an increasing parental mistrust against vaccinations, understanding the reason for their choices is crucial in order to improve immunization coverage. Our study aimed at evaluating parental attitudes and perceptions towards serogroup B meningococcal invasive disease vaccination. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in different French independent-practice medical offices (general practitioners and paediatricians) and nurseries between @entity3 and December 31, 2013, using a questionnaire distributed in electronic and paper forms to parents having at least one @entity0 between the ages of 2 months and 16 years old. RESULTS: 1270 parents were included, of whom 671 (52.8%) spontaneously stated to be in favour of this vaccination. Their choice was mainly justified by the severity of the disease (63.8%) and the desire to protect their @entity0 (51.7%). In multivariate analysis, the young age of parents (OR 0.949 per additional year; p<10(-3)), the history of vaccination against serogroup C meningococcal invasive diseases (OR 6.755; p<10(-3)), and the prior knowledge of the vaccine (OR 2.081; p=0.001) were associated with vaccination acceptance. The main reasons for refusal were the lack of hindsight on this new vaccine (50.6%) and the fear of side effects (45.5%). After objective information on the disease and the vaccine, only 6.3% of the entire responding population would refuse to consider vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: The spontaneous acceptance rate of vaccination against serogroup B meningococcal invasive disease is insufficient. However, after objective information by their physician or public health authorities, only a few parents would in the end be completely resistant.

title: Vaccination against serogroup B XXXX : Perceptions and attitudes of parents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of the histological risk assessment model proposed by Brandwein-Gensler et al. in a cohort of oral @entity2 (OTSCC) @entity0 treated with definitive surgery. We also examined the impact of additional histopathological features on disease acceleration. The cases of 49 OTSCC @entity0 attending our institution between 1995 and 2009, who underwent definitive surgical resection followed by adjunct chemoradiotherapy when indicated, were reviewed retrospectively. Surgical resection specimens and complete clinical and demographic data were available for these @entity0 ; follow-up was at least 6 months. In this cohort we only identified a correlation between gender and the histopathological risk model score (P<0.001). With regard to clinical and demographic data, histopathological parameters, and disease status at last follow-up, we identified significant correlations between disease status and (1) grade of differentiation (P=0.0086), and (2) keratin score (P=0.026). We found no significant correlations between the histopathological risk assessment model and disease progression or outcomes, with the exception of gender (P<0.0001). Grade of differentiation, keratin score, and the lymphocytic host response significantly impacted disease acceleration. For OTSCC, it appears that clinical characteristics of the @entity1 as well as histopathological markers play an important role in the outcome. Efforts towards identifying predictive markers should be continued, especially by sub-site of the oral cavity.

title: XXXX of the oral tongue: histopathological parameters associated with outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with @entity4 often require surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the published evidence for Frey procedure in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Literature search was undertaken to identify eligible studies until February 2015. Using meta-analytical techniques, Frey procedure was compared with pancreatoduodenectomy or Beger procedure, and the short- and long-term outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies comprising a total of 800 @entity0 were reviewed. The postoperative morbidity and mortality were 23.2% and 0.4% respectively. The percentage of @entity3 -relief @entity0 was 89.4%. New onset of @entity2 was present in 17.3% and 30.7% of @entity0 , respectively. Compared with pancreatoduodenectomy, Frey procedure had favorable outcomes in terms of operation time, blood transfusion, overall morbidity, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, pancreatic function and quality of life. Compared with Beger procedure, Frey procedure had shorter operation time and lower morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Frey procedure is a safe and effective surgical procedure for @entity4 with dilated duct in the absence of @entity1 .

title: Frey procedure for XXXX : Evidence-based assessment of short- and long-term results in comparison to pancreatoduodenectomy and Beger procedure: A meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We present a unique case of @entity2 in one eye and impending central @entity4 in other eye of a pregnant @entity0 , which could be an initial manifestation of Beh  et's disease. A 28-year-old, 33   weeks pregnant @entity0 presented with sudden diminution of vision in her right eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was light perception in the right eye and 20/20 in her left eye. The fundus examination revealed @entity2 in the right eye and impending central @entity4 in the left eye. After a thorough initial examination, she was administered intravenous @entity3 1   g once a day for 3   days followed by oral @entity1 . All extensive work up to find the cause of @entity2 was negative except for positive human leukocyte antigen B51. Systemic work up was normal. On last follow-up at 6   months, the @entity0 had visual acuity of 20/60 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Her systemic work up was normal up to follow-up. She still remains a diagnostic dilemma, with Beh  et's disease as the closest diagnosis.

title: XXXX in one eye and impending CRVO in the other: a diagnostic dilemma.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess whether the addition of clinical Gleason score (Gs) 3+4 to the @entity2 Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria affects pathologic results in @entity0 who are potentially suitable for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to identify possible clinical predictors of unfavourable outcome. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-nine @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy with complete clinical and follow-up data and who would have fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the PRIAS protocol at the time of biopsy except for the addition of biopsy Gs=3+4 and with at least 10 cores taken have been evaluated. One experienced genitourinary pathologist selected those with real Gs=3+3 and 3+4 in only one core according to the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology criteria. The primary end point was the proportion of unfavourable outcome (nonorgan confined disease or Gs   4+3). Logistic regressions explored the association between preoperative characteristics and the primary end point. RESULTS: Two hundred and four @entity0 were evaluated and 46 (22.5%) @entity0 harboured unfavourable disease at final pathology. After a median follow-up of 73.5 months, there was no @entity1 , and 4 (2.0%) @entity0 had biochemical relapse. There were no significant differences in terms of high Gs, locally advanced disease, unfavourable disease and biochemical relapse-free survival among @entity0 with clinical Gs=3+3 vs Gs=3+4. At multivariable analysis, the presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and lower number of core taken were independently associated with a higher risk of unfavourable disease. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of Gs=3+4 in @entity0 suitable to @entity3 does not enhance the risk of unfavourable disease after radical prostatectomy. Additional factors such as number of cores taken and the presence of @entity4 should be considered in @entity0 suitable for @entity3 . @entity2 and @entity5 advance online publication, 9 June 2015; doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.21.

title: The biopsy Gleason score 3+4 in a single core does not necessarily reflect an unfavourable pathological disease after radical prostatectomy in comparison with biopsy Gleason score 3+3: looking for larger selection criteria for XXXX candidates.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between 1951 and 1973, 138 @entity0 aged 0 to 12 years were operated on for @entity3 . Ten of 18 @entity0 died early. There were 3 late deaths, 2 occurred suddenly and 1 after reoperation. Three of the 125 late survivors had severe, 19 had slight symptoms, while 103 had no complaints, 3 of whom refused examination. The remaining 122 cases were examined between 2 and 24 years (mean 10.9 years) after the operation. Two @entity0 had sequelae from an operative @entity4 and 2 had late hemipareses (traumatic in one). Recoarctation, defined as arm/leg pressure gradient exceeding mmHg, totally occurred in 18.7%, and in 4 of 7 cases operated on in infancy. @entity1 without recoarctation was observed in 17.2% and associated @entity2 in 18% of the late survivors. It is suggested that the optimal age for surgical repair of @entity3 is between 4 and 6 years of age. A long-term follow-up is recommended in all @entity0 .

title: XXXX . A follow-up study after surgical treatment in infancy and childhood.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) can have a profoundly negative impact on quality of life. No comprehensive review of its management exists. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to present the best clinical evidence to guide @entity2 management. METHODS: A systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 1966 to 2014 for articles using the MeSH terms " @entity1 ", "Head", "Neck" and synonymous text words. Inclusion criteria were experimental and observational studies addressing @entity2 treatment. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and analysed data. RESULTS: Of 833 references yielded, 27 met inclusion criteria and were analysed. Twenty-two studies evaluated T2 sympathetic ablation (Level III evidence). Outcome measures were subjective and mean follow-up was 29  months. Reported efficacy was high (70-100  %), recurrence rates were generally low (0-8  %) and complications largely transient (e.g. pneumothorax 0-1  %). However, 8-95.4  % experienced troubling @entity3 . One randomised controlled trial and one observational study evaluated botulinum toxin A (Level Ib and III, respectively). Both employed objective outcome measures and demonstrated similar findings. Efficacy was 100  %, lasted a median of 5-6  months and frontalis muscle inhibition was the main adverse effect (50-100  %). Three studies evaluated anticholinergic therapy: topical glycopyrrolate demonstrated high efficacy (96  %) with minimal adverse effects (Level Ib) and oral @entity4 demonstrated relatively high efficacy (80-100  %) but with noticeable adverse effects (76.6-83.6  %) (Level III). CONCLUSION: There are few quality studies evaluating @entity2 treatment. Based on available evidence, we recommend topical glycopyrrolate, oral @entity4 and intradermal botulinum toxin A as first-line therapies due to their efficacy and safety. T2 sympathectomy should be considered for @entity0 refractory to first-line therapy.

title: Treatment of Primary Craniofacial XXXX : A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Staging laparotomy (multiple liver and lymph node biopsies and splenectomy) was performed at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital in 123 @entity0 with @entity3 . There were no deaths. Wound, pulmonary, intra-abdominal or urinary tract complications developed in 17 @entity0 . Of those complications, one case each of @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity1 and @entity4 required a major intra-abdominal operation. The @entity0 were classified on the basis of histopathology; @entity7 --40, mixed cellularity--44, lymphocyte predominant--24, lymphocyte depleted--13, and undetermined--2. The pathological stage following laparotomy was unchanged from the clinical stage in 62%, reduced in 15%, and advanced in 23%. Subsequent therapy, therefore, was altered in 38% of the @entity0 . Lymphangiography, done in 108 @entity0 , showed lymph node involvement in 46 @entity0 and no involvement in 62 @entity0 . Of those lymphangiographic findings, 79% were confirmed histopathologically, 19% were falsely positive, and 1.8% were falsely negative. There were positive findings of @entity3 in the spleen in 42% of @entity0 . The staging laparotomy continues to be a valuable tool in the staging and treatment of @entity3 .

title: Staging laparotomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Efflux pumps are one of the major mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in @entity1 . This study aimed to understand the distribution of different types of pump genes in clinical isolates of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to reveal the relationship between their presence and expression with antimicrobial resistance. METHODS: @entity3 isolates were collected from five hospitals in Taiwan. Different categories of pump genes, including adeB, adeJ, macB, abeM, abeS, emrA-like, emrB-like, and craA, were chosen, and their presence in the collected isolates was determined. Three induced resistant strains of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 to @entity4 , @entity0 , and @entity2 were also included. The expressions of the selected pump genes were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity3 clinical isolates were obtained from five hospitals. All of the studied pump genes were present in the collected @entity3 isolates except one isolate that lacked the emrA-like gene. The gene expression of these efflux pumps was variable among the strains. The upregulation of the adeB, adeJ, and macB genes was responsible for @entity4 resistance, and the increased abeS expression was strongly related to @entity2 resistance. Of all the antibiotics studied, @entity4 was the strongest inducer of gene expression for many efflux pumps in A. baumannii. CONCLUSION: Efflux pump genes are universally present in the collected clinical @entity3 isolates. The upregulation of the adeB, adeJ, macB and abeS genes is more related with antibiotic resistance.

title: Distribution of different efflux pump genes in clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant XXXX and their correlation with antimicrobial resistance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The characteristics with respect to light scatter and cell surface properties of megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-Meg), growing in serum-free agar cultures, have been determined. @entity0 bone marrow cells were fractionated using a light-activated cell sorter (FACS) either on the basis of light scatter or after staining with a @entity1 ( @entity2 )-labeled lectin or monoclonal antibody. After staining and sorting, the recovery of CFU-Meg was about 50%. In the unsorted controls 29 +/- 2 CFU-Meg/10(5) cells were observed. The forward (FLS) and perpendicular ( @entity6 ) light scatter intensities of CFU-Meg were very similar to those of spleen colony-forming cells (CFU-S) and early progenitor cells. The average diameter of the CFU-Meg as determined by the FLS intensity profile was about 7.5 microns. @entity4 germ agglutinin binding of CFU-Meg was high, indicating a high @entity3 content of the cell surface. Expression of the differentiation antigen @entity5 on the CFU-Meg as determined by indirect immunofluorescence with the rat monoclonal antibody I42/5.1 was moderate. @entity5 expression was lower than the @entity5 expression of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-C) or granulocytes. It is concluded that the light scatter and cell surface properties of CFU-Meg are similar to those of CFU-S and early committed progenitors.

title: Light scatter and cell surface properties of XXXX megakaryocyte progenitor cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Loss of hand function is one of the most devastating consequences of @entity1 . Intensive hand training provided on an instrumented exercise workstation in conjunction with functional electrical stimulation may enhance neural recovery and hand function. The aim of this trial is to compare usual care with an 8-week program of intensive hand training and functional electrical stimulation. METHODS/DESIGN: A multicentre randomised controlled trial will be undertaken. Seventy-eight @entity0 with recent @entity2 (C2 to T1 motor complete or incomplete) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation will be recruited from seven @entity1 units in Australia and New Zealand and will be randomised to a control or experimental group. Control @entity0 will receive usual care. Experimental @entity0 will receive usual care and an 8-week program of intensive unilateral hand training using an instrumented exercise workstation and functional electrical stimulation. @entity0 will drive the functional electrical stimulation of their target hands via a behind-the-ear bluetooth device, which is sensitive to tooth clicks. The bluetooth device will enable the use of various manipulanda to practice functional activities embedded within computer-based games and activities. Training will be provided for one hour, 5 days per week, during the 8-week intervention period. The primary outcome is the Action Research Arm Test. Secondary outcomes include measurements of strength, sensation, function, quality of life and cost effectiveness. All outcomes will be taken at baseline, 8 weeks, 6 months and 12 months by assessors blinded to group allocation. Recruitment commenced in December 2009. DISCUSSION: The results of this trial will determine the effectiveness of an 8-week program of intensive hand training with functional electrical stimulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01086930 (12th March 2010)ACTRN12609000695202 (12th August 2009).

title: Early intensive hand rehabilitation after XXXX ("Hands On"): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: There is rising concern over the increasing amount of @entity0 radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging and medical procedures. @entity0 with @entity3 are at potentially significant risk for radiation exposure due to the need for imaging to manage recurrent stone disease. We reviewed the literature in an attempt to better characterize actual risks and discussed methods to reduce radiation exposure for adult @entity0 with @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A PubMed   search was performed using the key words @entity3 , stones, radiation, fluoroscopy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, computerized tomography and shock wave lithotripsy. Additional citations were identified by reviewing reference lists of pertinent articles. RESULTS: A total of 50 relevant articles were included in this review. @entity0 with a first time acute stone event are exposed to a significant amount of radiation. Most radiation is from computerized tomography. @entity0 undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy are exposed to an equal or greater amount of radiation than they received from computerized tomography. Risk factors for increased exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy include @entity1 , multiple tracts and a larger stone burden. Ureteroscopy exposes @entity0 to approximately the same amount of radiation as plain x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. Risk factors for increased exposure during ureteroscopy include @entity1 and @entity2 . During shock wave lithotripsy the amount of radiation exposure is not well characterized. Interventions to reduce exposure to @entity0 include using ultrasound when possible and implementing low dose computerized tomography protocols. The as low as reasonably achievable principle of radiation exposure should always be followed when fluoroscopy is performed. The use of an air retrograde pyelogram may also reduce exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Fluoroscopy time during ureteroscopy may be decreased by a laser guided C-arm, a dedicated C-arm technician, stent placement under direct vision and tactile feedback to help guide wire placement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 are at significant risk for increased radiation exposure from the imaging and fluoroscopy used during treatment. The true risks of low radiation exposure remain uncertain. It is important to be aware of these risks to provide better counseling for @entity0 . Urologists must also be familiar with techniques to decrease radiation exposure for @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Radiation Exposure during the Evaluation and Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Persistent @entity1 (P-PH) after mitral valve replacement (MVR) leads to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine which factors were involved in its occurrence. @entity0 undergoing MVR for a 3-year period were collected in a retrospective way. We excluded those with an available follow-up shorter than 3  months. Sample size was 111 @entity0 . PH was diagnosed if systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) estimated by Doppler echocardiography was >40  mmHg. Clinical, echocardiographic, and surgical factors were analyzed. P-PH was present in 42.3  % of @entity0 after 12.6  months of mean follow-up. P-PH was more frequently observed in elderly and female @entity0 , in those with severe degrees of PH before surgery, and significant @entity2 ( @entity2 ). On multivariable analysis, significant @entity2 (OR 1.739; p  =  0.01) and more severe degrees of PH before surgery (OR 1.761; p  =  0.03) were significantly associated with the presence of P-PH after MVR. Surgical factors related to P-PH were prosthesis size and tricuspid annuloplasty: no need for the performing of tricuspid annuloplasty (OR 0.345; p  =  0.025) and the implantation of a smaller prosthesis (OR 0.656; p  =  0.004) were related to higher rates of P-PH after MVR. MVR was associated with high prevalence of P-PH after mid-term follow-up. Both PH and significant @entity2 before surgery were associated with P-PH. Our data point out that MVR should be planned before the development of PH and greater @entity2 . Smaller prosthetic size is also a risk factor for P-PH and bigger prostheses are desirable when possible.

title: Predictors of persistent XXXX after mitral valve replacement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Yearling heifers were actively immunized against 8 mg @entity4 -ovalbumin in Non-Ulcerative Freund's Adjuvant, with or without the addition of Corynebacterium parvum (Groups A and B, respectively; N = 4 for each group). After the priming injection, Groups A and B were boosted twice at 4-monthly intervals. Control heifers (N = 9) were not injected. All treated animals except one gave a measurable antibody response, and all responding animals became anoestrous and displayed @entity0 after the first booster injection. There were no apparent differences between treatments, and so results for Groups A and B were pooled. At 25 weeks after the second booster 3 of the 7 responding, anoestrous heifers resumed cyclicity; one with two consecutive double ovulations, and one with one double ovulation. The 3rd heifer showed 4 corpora lutea, then became anoestrus again. The 4 remaining acyclic heifers, and the control heifers, were intensively blood sampled; the anoestrous heifers showed significantly higher mean LH and significantly lower mean FSH concentrations and higher LH pulse frequency than did the control animals. These heifers remained anoestrous for 11 months after the second booster, at which point they were injected with @entity3 and PGF-2 alpha; only 1 heifer resumed ovarian cyclicity. These results indicate that it is possible to increase ovarian activity in @entity2 by active immunization against @entity1 , but that there is a high incidence of anoestrus.

title: Reproductive and endocrine effects of active immunization against a XXXX conjugate in the heifer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies report that early palliative care is associated with clinical benefits, but there is limited evidence on economic impact. This article addresses the research question: Does timing of palliative care have an impact on its effect on cost? @entity0 AND METHODS: Using a prospective, observational design, clinical and cost data were collected for adult @entity0 with an advanced @entity1 diagnosis admitted to five US hospitals from 2007 to 2011. The sample for economic evaluation was 969 @entity0 ; 256 were seen by a palliative care consultation team, and 713 received usual care only. Subsamples were created according to time to consult after admission. Propensity score weights were calculated, matching the treatment and comparison arms specific to each subsample on observed confounders. Generalized linear models with a y distribution and a log link were applied to estimate the mean treatment effect on cost within subsamples. RESULTS: Earlier consultation is associated with a larger effect on total direct cost. Intervention within 6 days is estimated to reduce costs by - 1,312 (95% CI, - 2,568 to - 56; P = .04) compared with no intervention and intervention within 2 days by - 2,280 (95% CI, - 3,438 to - 1,122; P < .001); these reductions are equivalent to a 14% and a 24% reduction, respectively, in cost of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Earlier palliative care consultation during hospital admission is associated with lower cost of hospital stay for @entity0 admitted with an advanced @entity1 diagnosis. These findings are consistent with a growing body of research on quality and survival suggesting that early palliative care should be more widely implemented.

title: Prospective Cohort Study of Hospital Palliative Care Teams for Inpatients With XXXX : Earlier Consultation Is Associated With Larger Cost-Saving Effect.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Combinations of stressors occur regularly throughout an animal's life, especially in agriculture and aquaculture settings. If an animal fails to acclimate to these stressors, stress becomes chronic, and a condition of allostatic overload arises with negative results for animal welfare. In the current study we describe effects of exposing @entity2 parr to the unpredictable chronic stressor (UCS) paradigm for three weeks. The paradigm involves exposure of fish to 7 unpredictable stressors three times a day. At the end of the trial, experimental and control fish were challenged with yet another novel stressor and sampled before and 1   h after that challenge. Plasma @entity0 decreased steadily over time in stressed fish, indicative of exhaustion of the endocrine stress axis. This was confirmed by a lower @entity0 response to the novel stressor at the end of the stress period in chronically stressed fish compared to the control group. In the preoptic area (POA) and pituitary gland, chronic stress resulted in decreased gene expression of 11bhsd2, gr1 and gr2 in POA and increased expression of those genes in the pituitary gland. POA crf expression and pituitary expression of pomcs and mr increased, whereas interrenal gene expression was unaffected. Exposure to the novel stressor had no effect on POA and interrenal gene expression. In the pituitary, crfr1, pomcs, 11bhsd2, grs and mr were down-regulated. In summary, our results provide a novel overview of the dynamic changes that occur at every level of the @entity1 as a result of chronic stress in @entity2 .

title: Stress in XXXX : response to unpredictable chronic stress.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) versus @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in The Netherlands. DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity0 with corneal stromal pathologic features not affecting the endothelium were included with 28 @entity0 in the @entity2 group and 25 in the @entity1 group. Quality of life was measured before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The main outcome measures were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per clinically improved @entity0 on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire and per @entity0 with endothelial cell loss of maximally 20% within the first year. RESULTS: Mean total bootstrapped costs per @entity0 were    7607 (US 10,498) in the @entity2 group and    6552 (US 9042) in the @entity1 group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were    9977 (US 13,768) per clinically improved @entity0 on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire and    6900 (US 9522) per @entity0 with cell loss of maximally 20%. In @entity0 without perforation of the Descemet membrane, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was    5250 (US 7245) per @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity2 is more costly and more effective as compared with @entity1 . Results on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire were in favor of @entity2 , and endothelial cell loss in @entity2 @entity0 remained stable after 6 months, whereas cell loss in @entity1 @entity0 continued. Furthermore, @entity2 procedures performed without perforation of the Descemet membrane were more effective. However, because it is unknown what society is willing to pay for an additional improved @entity0 , cost effectiveness of @entity2 within a limited follow-up period of 12 months is unclear. Cost effectiveness of @entity2 may improve over time because of lower graft failure.

title: Economic evaluation of XXXX versus @entity1 in The Netherlands.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) versus @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in The Netherlands. DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity0 with corneal stromal pathologic features not affecting the endothelium were included with 28 @entity0 in the @entity2 group and 25 in the @entity1 group. Quality of life was measured before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The main outcome measures were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per clinically improved @entity0 on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire and per @entity0 with endothelial cell loss of maximally 20% within the first year. RESULTS: Mean total bootstrapped costs per @entity0 were    7607 (US 10,498) in the @entity2 group and    6552 (US 9042) in the @entity1 group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were    9977 (US 13,768) per clinically improved @entity0 on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire and    6900 (US 9522) per @entity0 with cell loss of maximally 20%. In @entity0 without perforation of the Descemet membrane, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was    5250 (US 7245) per @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity2 is more costly and more effective as compared with @entity1 . Results on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire were in favor of @entity2 , and endothelial cell loss in @entity2 @entity0 remained stable after 6 months, whereas cell loss in @entity1 @entity0 continued. Furthermore, @entity2 procedures performed without perforation of the Descemet membrane were more effective. However, because it is unknown what society is willing to pay for an additional improved @entity0 , cost effectiveness of @entity2 within a limited follow-up period of 12 months is unclear. Cost effectiveness of @entity2 may improve over time because of lower graft failure.

title: Economic evaluation of @entity2 versus XXXX in The Netherlands.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 is the term given to a white patch or plaque that is found mainly on the oral mucus membrane. It can occasionally be seen on the corneal surface. We report our clinical and histopathological findings in a case of @entity3 . METHODS: A 26-year-old @entity0 was referred to our hospital because of a white patch on her right @entity2 that continued to expand. She first noticed the white patch when she was 20 years old, and the white patch had expanded to cover the pupillary area affecting her vision. After plastic surgery on both eyelids for bilateral entropion to alleviate the @entity1 caused by the eyelashes rubbing the @entity2 , the white corneal patch decreased in size. Because of this reduction, we performed surgery to remove the patch with microforceps under topical anesthesia. The plaque was removed easily and completely, and submitted for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Histopathological examination showed that the specimen had characteristics of epidermis with a basal cell layer, spinous cell layer, granular cell layer, and horny layer with @entity5 . She was diagnosed with @entity6 of the corneal surface. The basic structure of the squamous cell layer was preserved, and there were no signs of @entity4 . Six months after the removal of the @entity6 , no recurrence was seen and her corrected decimal visual acuity recovered to 1.0. CONCLUSION: Our case of @entity3 without limbal involvement was most likely caused by chronic irritation of the @entity2 by the eyelashes. Although it was totally removed with good recovery of vision, we continue to follow the @entity0 because of the potential of malignant transformation.

title: Unilateral corneal XXXX without limbal involvement.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery has greatly improved surgical outcome in many areas of abdominal surgery. But many concerns of safety have limited its application in @entity4 . We hypothesized that laparoscopy could be safe and efficacious in treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 , and reduce the laparotomy related complications (i.e. wound @entity3 , @entity2 , or long hospital stay) as avoiding unnecessary laparotomy. METHODS: From January 2006 to August 2012, a total of 111 @entity0 underwent emergent surgical exploration (laparoscopic, 41; open laparotomy, 70) in Andong General Hospital. Of the 41 @entity0 subjected to laparoscopy, 30 @entity0 had suffered blunt @entity1 , the remaining 11 @entity0 had sustained penetrating @entity1 . 31 @entity0 were treated exclusively by laparoscopy and 10 @entity0 underwent laparoscopy-assisted surgery. RESULTS: The conversion rate was 18%. Major complication was none without postoperative mortality. Comparing laparoscopic surgery with open laparotomy, @entity5 , early gas passage, and shorter hospital stay. Otherwise operative times were similar, and neither approach was complicated by missed @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery can be performed safely whether injuries are blunt or penetrating, given hemodynamic stability and proper technique. @entity0 may thus benefit from the shorter hospital stays, greater postoperative comfort ( @entity2 ), quicker recoveries, and low morbidity/mortality rates that laparoscopy affords.

title: Laparoscopic surgery in XXXX : a single center review of a 7-year experience.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 are the two most common causes of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). At present, lethal @entity2 makes thrombolytic therapy underused during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, despite the potential benefits for these underlying conditions. @entity1 of the blood in @entity4 (such as @entity7 ) carries a risk of @entity5 . It is critical to find out the etiology of @entity6 for timely thrombolytic intervention. METHODS: A 23-year-old @entity0 with a 10-year medical history of @entity7 suffered from @entity6 in our emergency intensive care unit. ECG and echocardiogram indicated the possibility of @entity5 , so fibrinolytic therapy (alteplase) was successful during prolonged resuscitation. RESULTS: Neurological recovery of the @entity0 was generally good, and no fatal @entity2 developed. @entity5 was documented by CT pulmonary angiography. CONCLUSIONS: A medical history of @entity4 poses a risk of PE, and the causes of @entity6 (such as this) should be investigated etiologically. A therapy with alteplase may be used early during cardiopulmonary resuscitation once there is presumptive evidence of PE. Clinical trials are needed in this setting to study @entity0 with @entity1 states.

title: Thrombolysis during extended cardiopulmonary resuscitation for autoimmune-related XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The survival and the interactions of selected, hygienically relevant bacterial species in activated @entity0 filters was investigated. The numbers of @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity5 increased in previously sterilized filters. After inoculation all bacteria (10(6] were adsorbed. During a period of 6-10 days the filter effluent contained no detectable bacteria. After that the colony numbers increased to a constant level of 10(4)-10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/ml effluent and 10(6)-10(7) CFU/g activated @entity0 . @entity4 and @entity3 died off in the filter system. If the filters were inoculated simultaneously with two species, @entity5 and @entity2 remained at a constant level between 10(4) and 10(5) CFU/ml. @entity1 was suppressed by @entity2 and died off in the presence of @entity5 . As in-vitro tests indicated, @entity5 did not produce inhibitory substances against @entity2 or @entity1 . On the other hand, @entity2 showed antagonistic activities against @entity1 .

title: [Ability to survive and interactions of selected bacterial species in activated XXXX filters].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the combined oral contraceptive (COC) @entity2 ( @entity7 ) 20  g/ @entity5 3 mg taken in a 24/4-day regimen (ie, 4-day hormone-free interval) is more effective than an @entity7 20  g/ @entity6 (DSG) 150  g COC taken in a 21/7-day regimen (ie, 7-day hormone-free interval) in reducing @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: This double-blind, randomized study (NLM identifier: NCT01076582) was conducted at 34 centers in 12 countries. Otherwise healthy @entity0 who experienced >= 2 @entity4 of @entity1 , @entity3 , and/or bloating when using their current COCs in a 21/7-day regimen were recruited. Subjects rated the severity of their @entity4 daily on a seven-point Likert scale during a baseline cycle and during four 28-day cycles with @entity7 / @entity5 24/4 (n=290) or @entity7 /DSG 21/7 (n=304). The primary variable was the mean change from baseline to cycle 4 in the composite @entity4 score (sum of scores for all three symptoms) during cycle days 22-28. RESULTS: In the @entity7 / @entity5 24/4 group, the mean (standard deviation) composite @entity4 score during cycle days 22-28 was reduced from 42.2 (24.8) at baseline to 12.8 (13.4) at cycle 4 (change from baseline: -30.3 [22.9]). In the @entity7 /DSG 21/7 group, the corresponding value was reduced from 41.9 (25.8) to 14.3 (13.2) (change from baseline: -27.7 [24.8]), not significantly different versus @entity7 / @entity5 24/4. Bleeding pattern, treatment response, rescue medication use, compliance, quality of life, and tolerability were similar between treatments. CONCLUSION: Both @entity7 / @entity5 24/4 and @entity7 /DSG 21/7 reduced the composite @entity4 score from baseline to cycle 4 in otherwise healthy @entity0 . The differences between treatments were too small to be statistically significant.

title: Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms with XXXX 20  g/ @entity5 3 mg (24/4 regimen) versus @entity2 20  g/desogestrel 150  g (21/7 regimen).

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the combined oral contraceptive (COC) @entity2 ( @entity7 ) 20  g/ @entity5 3 mg taken in a 24/4-day regimen (ie, 4-day hormone-free interval) is more effective than an @entity7 20  g/ @entity6 (DSG) 150  g COC taken in a 21/7-day regimen (ie, 7-day hormone-free interval) in reducing @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: This double-blind, randomized study (NLM identifier: NCT01076582) was conducted at 34 centers in 12 countries. Otherwise healthy @entity0 who experienced >= 2 @entity4 of @entity1 , @entity3 , and/or bloating when using their current COCs in a 21/7-day regimen were recruited. Subjects rated the severity of their @entity4 daily on a seven-point Likert scale during a baseline cycle and during four 28-day cycles with @entity7 / @entity5 24/4 (n=290) or @entity7 /DSG 21/7 (n=304). The primary variable was the mean change from baseline to cycle 4 in the composite @entity4 score (sum of scores for all three symptoms) during cycle days 22-28. RESULTS: In the @entity7 / @entity5 24/4 group, the mean (standard deviation) composite @entity4 score during cycle days 22-28 was reduced from 42.2 (24.8) at baseline to 12.8 (13.4) at cycle 4 (change from baseline: -30.3 [22.9]). In the @entity7 /DSG 21/7 group, the corresponding value was reduced from 41.9 (25.8) to 14.3 (13.2) (change from baseline: -27.7 [24.8]), not significantly different versus @entity7 / @entity5 24/4. Bleeding pattern, treatment response, rescue medication use, compliance, quality of life, and tolerability were similar between treatments. CONCLUSION: Both @entity7 / @entity5 24/4 and @entity7 /DSG 21/7 reduced the composite @entity4 score from baseline to cycle 4 in otherwise healthy @entity0 . The differences between treatments were too small to be statistically significant.

title: Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms with @entity2 20  g/ @entity5 3 mg (24/4 regimen) versus XXXX 20  g/desogestrel 150  g (21/7 regimen).

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the combined oral contraceptive (COC) @entity2 ( @entity7 ) 20  g/ @entity5 3 mg taken in a 24/4-day regimen (ie, 4-day hormone-free interval) is more effective than an @entity7 20  g/ @entity6 (DSG) 150  g COC taken in a 21/7-day regimen (ie, 7-day hormone-free interval) in reducing @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: This double-blind, randomized study (NLM identifier: NCT01076582) was conducted at 34 centers in 12 countries. Otherwise healthy @entity0 who experienced >= 2 @entity4 of @entity1 , @entity3 , and/or bloating when using their current COCs in a 21/7-day regimen were recruited. Subjects rated the severity of their @entity4 daily on a seven-point Likert scale during a baseline cycle and during four 28-day cycles with @entity7 / @entity5 24/4 (n=290) or @entity7 /DSG 21/7 (n=304). The primary variable was the mean change from baseline to cycle 4 in the composite @entity4 score (sum of scores for all three symptoms) during cycle days 22-28. RESULTS: In the @entity7 / @entity5 24/4 group, the mean (standard deviation) composite @entity4 score during cycle days 22-28 was reduced from 42.2 (24.8) at baseline to 12.8 (13.4) at cycle 4 (change from baseline: -30.3 [22.9]). In the @entity7 /DSG 21/7 group, the corresponding value was reduced from 41.9 (25.8) to 14.3 (13.2) (change from baseline: -27.7 [24.8]), not significantly different versus @entity7 / @entity5 24/4. Bleeding pattern, treatment response, rescue medication use, compliance, quality of life, and tolerability were similar between treatments. CONCLUSION: Both @entity7 / @entity5 24/4 and @entity7 /DSG 21/7 reduced the composite @entity4 score from baseline to cycle 4 in otherwise healthy @entity0 . The differences between treatments were too small to be statistically significant.

title: Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms with @entity2 20  g/ XXXX 3 mg (24/4 regimen) versus @entity2 20  g/desogestrel 150  g (21/7 regimen).

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examines outcomes in a national sample of @entity0 undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) for @entity3 , with particular focus on advanced-age @entity0 and those with extreme @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and included all @entity0 undergoing AVRs performed from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2008. @entity0 with major concomitant cardiac procedures, as well as those aged, 20 years, and those with @entity4 or @entity2 without @entity3 , were excluded from analysis. The analysis included 13,497 @entity0 . @entity0 were stratified by age and further stratified by All @entity0 Refined Diagnosis Related Group @entity1 into mild/moderate, major, and extreme subgroups. RESULTS: Overall in-hospital mortality was 2.96% (n=399); in-hospital mortality for the >= 80-year-old group (n=139, 4.78%) was significantly higher than the 20- to 49-year-old (n=9, 0.84%, P<0.001) or 50- to 79-year-old (n=251, 2.64%, P<0.001) groups. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the extreme @entity1 group (n=296, 15.33%) than in the minor/moderate (n=22, 0.35%, P<0.001) and major @entity1 groups (n=81, 1.51%, P<0.001). Median in-hospital costs in the mild/moderate, major, and extreme @entity1 strata were  29,202.08,  36,035.13, and  57,572.92, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the minor, moderate, and major @entity1 groups, in-hospital mortality and costs are low regardless of age; these groups represent >85% of @entity0 undergoing isolated AVR for @entity3 . Conversely, in @entity0 classified as having extreme @entity1 , surgical therapy is associated with exceedingly high inpatient mortality, low home discharge rates, and high resource utilization, particularly in the advanced age group.

title: The impact of age and @entity1 on outcomes after isolated aortic valve replacement for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examines outcomes in a national sample of @entity0 undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) for @entity3 , with particular focus on advanced-age @entity0 and those with extreme @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and included all @entity0 undergoing AVRs performed from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2008. @entity0 with major concomitant cardiac procedures, as well as those aged, 20 years, and those with @entity4 or @entity2 without @entity3 , were excluded from analysis. The analysis included 13,497 @entity0 . @entity0 were stratified by age and further stratified by All @entity0 Refined Diagnosis Related Group @entity1 into mild/moderate, major, and extreme subgroups. RESULTS: Overall in-hospital mortality was 2.96% (n=399); in-hospital mortality for the >= 80-year-old group (n=139, 4.78%) was significantly higher than the 20- to 49-year-old (n=9, 0.84%, P<0.001) or 50- to 79-year-old (n=251, 2.64%, P<0.001) groups. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the extreme @entity1 group (n=296, 15.33%) than in the minor/moderate (n=22, 0.35%, P<0.001) and major @entity1 groups (n=81, 1.51%, P<0.001). Median in-hospital costs in the mild/moderate, major, and extreme @entity1 strata were  29,202.08,  36,035.13, and  57,572.92, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the minor, moderate, and major @entity1 groups, in-hospital mortality and costs are low regardless of age; these groups represent >85% of @entity0 undergoing isolated AVR for @entity3 . Conversely, in @entity0 classified as having extreme @entity1 , surgical therapy is associated with exceedingly high inpatient mortality, low home discharge rates, and high resource utilization, particularly in the advanced age group.

title: The impact of age and XXXX on outcomes after isolated aortic valve replacement for @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test ( @entity4 ) is a brief screening test for assessing the expressive and receptive language abilities in @entity0 with @entity2 . The objective of the study was to develop and validate the Persian version of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as a screening test for @entity3 in @entity0 with post- @entity1 @entity2 . METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design to cross-culturally adapt the @entity4 following the guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of measures. A total of 40 subjects (20 @entity0 with post- @entity1 @entity2 and 20 healthy subjects) were included. The @entity4 was tested for floor or ceiling effects, internal consistency reliability, intra-rater reliability, discriminative validity, and factor structure. RESULTS: There were no floor or ceiling effects for @entity4 total score. The @entity4 yielded values for internal consistency reliability that were not adequate (Cronbach's alpha 0.64 and 0.66 for test and retest, respectively. The intra-rater reliability of the @entity4 within a 7 day-interval was excellent for total score (ICC agreement = 0.96) and both expressive index (ICC = 0.95) and receptive index (ICC agreement = 0.98). here were statistically significant differences in @entity4 total scores and both indexes between @entity0 and healthy subjects suggesting the discriminative validity of the @entity4 (P < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution, which jointly accounted for 72.06% of the total variance. Additional factor analysis suggested 6-item @entity4 as a unidimensional measure. CONCLUSION: The @entity4 is useful as a valid and reliable screening tool for evaluation of language abilities in Persian speaking @entity0 with @entity2 after @entity1 .

title: Development, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test in @entity0 with post- @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test ( @entity4 ) is a brief screening test for assessing the expressive and receptive language abilities in @entity0 with @entity2 . The objective of the study was to develop and validate the Persian version of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as a screening test for @entity3 in @entity0 with post- @entity1 @entity2 . METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design to cross-culturally adapt the @entity4 following the guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of measures. A total of 40 subjects (20 @entity0 with post- @entity1 @entity2 and 20 healthy subjects) were included. The @entity4 was tested for floor or ceiling effects, internal consistency reliability, intra-rater reliability, discriminative validity, and factor structure. RESULTS: There were no floor or ceiling effects for @entity4 total score. The @entity4 yielded values for internal consistency reliability that were not adequate (Cronbach's alpha 0.64 and 0.66 for test and retest, respectively. The intra-rater reliability of the @entity4 within a 7 day-interval was excellent for total score (ICC agreement = 0.96) and both expressive index (ICC = 0.95) and receptive index (ICC agreement = 0.98). here were statistically significant differences in @entity4 total scores and both indexes between @entity0 and healthy subjects suggesting the discriminative validity of the @entity4 (P < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution, which jointly accounted for 72.06% of the total variance. Additional factor analysis suggested 6-item @entity4 as a unidimensional measure. CONCLUSION: The @entity4 is useful as a valid and reliable screening tool for evaluation of language abilities in Persian speaking @entity0 with @entity2 after @entity1 .

title: Development, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test in @entity0 with post- XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test ( @entity4 ) is a brief screening test for assessing the expressive and receptive language abilities in @entity0 with @entity2 . The objective of the study was to develop and validate the Persian version of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as a screening test for @entity3 in @entity0 with post- @entity1 @entity2 . METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design to cross-culturally adapt the @entity4 following the guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of measures. A total of 40 subjects (20 @entity0 with post- @entity1 @entity2 and 20 healthy subjects) were included. The @entity4 was tested for floor or ceiling effects, internal consistency reliability, intra-rater reliability, discriminative validity, and factor structure. RESULTS: There were no floor or ceiling effects for @entity4 total score. The @entity4 yielded values for internal consistency reliability that were not adequate (Cronbach's alpha 0.64 and 0.66 for test and retest, respectively. The intra-rater reliability of the @entity4 within a 7 day-interval was excellent for total score (ICC agreement = 0.96) and both expressive index (ICC = 0.95) and receptive index (ICC agreement = 0.98). here were statistically significant differences in @entity4 total scores and both indexes between @entity0 and healthy subjects suggesting the discriminative validity of the @entity4 (P < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution, which jointly accounted for 72.06% of the total variance. Additional factor analysis suggested 6-item @entity4 as a unidimensional measure. CONCLUSION: The @entity4 is useful as a valid and reliable screening tool for evaluation of language abilities in Persian speaking @entity0 with @entity2 after @entity1 .

title: Development, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test in XXXX with post- @entity1 @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the most frequent and devastating primary @entity4 in adults. Despite current treatment modalities, such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, only modest improvements in median survival have been achieved. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of @entity3 are likely due to the resistance of @entity2 stem cells to conventional treatments; therefore, novel alternative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Recent advancements in molecular biology and gene technology have provided attractive novel treatment possibilities for @entity0 with @entity3 . Gene therapy is defined as a technology that aims to modify the genetic complement of cells to obtain therapeutic benefit. To date, gene therapy for the treatment of @entity3 has demonstrated anti- @entity1 efficacy in pre-clinical studies and promising safety profiles in clinical studies. However, while this approach is obviously promising, concerns still exist regarding issues associated with transduction efficiency, viral delivery, the pathologic response of the brain, and treatment efficacy. @entity1 development and progression involve alterations in a wide spectrum of genes, therefore a variety of gene therapy approaches for @entity3 have been proposed. Improved viral vectors are being evaluated, and the potential use of gene therapy alone or in synergy with other treatments against @entity3 are being studied. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly studied gene therapy approaches for the treatment of @entity3 in preclinical and clinical studies including: prodrug/suicide gene therapy; oncolytic gene therapy; cytokine mediated gene therapy; and @entity1 suppressor gene therapy. In addition, we review the principles and mechanisms of current gene therapy strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of each.

title: Gene therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The authors have previously described long-term outcomes related to the skin in @entity0 surviving large burns. The objective of this study was to describe the @entity2 following major @entity3 . This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that includes a one-time evaluation of 98 burn survivors (mean age = 47 years; mean TBSA = 57%; and mean time from injury = 17 years), who consented to participate in the study. A comprehensive history and physical examination was conducted by a senior and experienced Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation physician. In addition to completing a Medical Problem Checklist, subjects also completed the Burn-Specific Health Scale (Abbreviated 80 item), a self-report measure used to review the level of functional adaptation. Joint @entity4 , joint stiffness, problems walking or running, fatigue, and weak arms and hands are conditions that continue to be reported at an average of 17 years from the time of @entity3 . Seventy-three percent (68 of 93) of the study sample were found to have a limitation of motion and areas most affected were the neck (47%), hands (45%), and axilla (38%). The global (Burn-Specific Health Scale-total) score for the overall sample was 0.78. Subjects with limitation of motion had significant difficulty in areas of mobility, self-care, hand function, and role activities. This study underscores the importance of long-term follow-up care and therapeutic interventions for survivors of major @entity3 , as they continue to have significant and persistent @entity1 even several years following injury.

title: Long-Term Outcomes in XXXX Surviving Large Burns: The Musculoskeletal System.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The causes of vascular ischaemic accidents are numerous, and when the brain is involved management is limited to the prevention of similar events. Since cardiac sources of @entity7 potentially curable, we have prospectively analyzed the results of cardiovascular examinations (including ECG and radiography of the chest) and of echocardiography in 102 @entity0 with cerebral or peripheral vascular ischaemic event in order to determine the impact of echocardiography and the influence of different diagnoses on the need for anticoagulant therapy. Intracardiac thrombi, @entity11 , @entity4 , severe @entity9 with or without @entity5 and @entity2 were regarded as diseases carrying a high risk of @entity7 , the low risk diseases being @entity10 , @entity6 and isolated left @entity4 . @entity8 was treated separately, as it may be associated with several of the diseases listed above. We found 14 diseases with a high risk of @entity7 (14 p. 100) and 35 diseases with a low risk of @entity7 (34 p. 100). 10/91 @entity0 with @entity1 (11 p. 100) and 4/11 @entity0 with peripheral vascular accident presented with a @entity2 carrying a high risk of @entity7 . The most common @entity2 with a high risk of @entity7 (10/14, 71 p. 100) was severe @entity9 secondary to a @entity3 or a @entity4 . We did not find more cases of @entity10 or @entity6 than in the normal population. 20/29 @entity0 with normal cardiac examination had a normal echocardiogram. The anticoagulant treatment was modified after echocardiography in only one case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Echocardiographic discoveries in 102 XXXX with vascular cerebral accidents].

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the bronchial mucus of @entity0 with long-term @entity2 free elastolytic activities are observed. These originate from leucocytes with polymorphous nuclei and may cause the digestion of lung tissue and thus an @entity1 . It is known that the supersensitivity of bronchial musculature increases due to the influence of proteolytic ferments. For the inhibition of elastolytic enzymes, specific, acid-proof, low-molecular inhibitory substances are available. We were able to measure three of them in bronchial mucus against different substrates; i.e. against substrates for trypsin, pancreas elastase and leucocyte elastase. Our results show that the free inhibitor preparation decreases if free elastolytic activity in bronchial mucus is measured and is no longer available if the concentration decreases. It was also found that the concentration of secretory IGA decreases if the elastolytic activity increases. Thus, it is possible that the secretory IGA molecule is attacked by proteolytic enzymes. It is known that in case of chronic obstructive airway diseases lysozyme is released from leucocytes with polymorphous nuclei; in case of @entity3 , from macrophages as well. In this study, the lysozyme concentration served as measurement for cell decomposition. The observation showed that in spite of the same lysozyme levels the elastolytic activity in @entity0 can be very different. It is in strong connection with the available inhibitor capacity. Regarding the clinical evaluation can be concluded that some @entity0 show a lack of secretory inhibitors. On a long-term basis, this lack can lead to the formation of emphysemata.

title: Inhibitor activity against elastolytic enzymes in the bronchial area. A contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a newly described cytokine, member of type III interferons family, which is known for its antiviral, anti-proliferative and antitumor activity. Recent studies indicated that this cytokine has also immune-regulatory function, but its role in the pathogenesis of @entity4 is not established yet. We evaluated serum levels of @entity2 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 and healthy controls and its association with @entity1 and clinical manifestations. METHODS: @entity2 and @entity1 serum levels were measured by ELISA from 52 @entity0 with @entity3 and 53 healthy controls. Association of cytokines serum levels was sought with clinical parameters. RESULTS: @entity2 and @entity1 levels in @entity3 @entity0 were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals (24.82        8.78 and 11.04        3.04   pg/ml, p   <   0.0001; 34.11        8.11 and 10.73        2.77   pg/ml, p   <   0.0001, respectively). We found a positive correlation between @entity2 and @entity1 levels in @entity3 @entity0 (p   =   0.0103, r   =   0.3526). @entity1 levels were associated with muscle involvement (p   =   0.0483). CONCLUSION: We first showed raised @entity2 levels in @entity3 @entity0 . Furthermore, we found a correlation between @entity2 and @entity1 levels and an association between @entity1 and @entity5 . Additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to understand @entity2 role in @entity3 .

title: Interferons and XXXX : correlation between interferon gamma and interferon-lambda 1 (IL-29).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Naturally occurring acute @entity7 in puppies 3 to 8 weeks of age was characterised clinically by @entity6 or @entity2 following a brief period of dyspnoea. Mortality within litters varied from 20% to 100%. The principal lesion was in the myocardium, which in most cases was mottled by pale patches and bands. Moderate to severe @entity0 with marked peribronchial and perivascular @entity0 was present. In some cases, the wall of the gall bladder was oedematous. Microscopically the ventricular myocardium had myofibre loss, multifocal myofibre @entity1 , a mononuclear cell infiltrate of variable intensity and reactive stromal elements. In every case there were Feulgen-positive, amphophilic, and reactive stromal elements. In every case there were Feulgen-positive, amphophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies in myocardial nuclei. Ultrastructurally the inclusions were composed of dense granular material and particles resembling parvovirions. @entity4 were thickened by fibroblasts. Peribronchial and perivascular lymphatics were distended with @entity0 fluid and occasionally erythrocytes. The @entity4 were considered secondary to the @entity3 . Some of the puppies that survived the acute disease developed @entity3 and died in @entity5 .

title: Canine XXXX : a morphologic description of the natural disease.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A case of @entity9 treated by aneurysmal neck resection and end-to-end @entity3 of the internal carotid artery under the administration of Sendai Cocktail, which is composed of 20% @entity8 solution, @entity6 and @entity4 and has brain protective effects from @entity2 . The @entity0 , a 55-year-old @entity0 , was admitted to Yonezawa City Hospital on October 11, 1984, with chief complaints of transient consciousness disturbance and left @entity7 . On admission, no @entity1 was found but pulsatile fixed mass was found in the right submandibular region. CT scan revealed multiple low density areas in the right cerebral hemisphere and right upper cervical mass, which was enhanced in a part. Right carotid angiography revealed @entity9 . On October 31, 1984, operation was performed. In the operative procedure, it needed temporary occlusion of the right carotid artery for 143 minutes and 14 minutes, because the @entity5 severely adhered to surrounding tissue and extended to the skull base. Collateral circulation through the circle of Willis was poor in this case but @entity2 complication was not found. On November 20, 1984, he discharged without @entity1 . Postoperative angiography, one year after the operation, showed good flow through the site the primary end-to-end @entity3 .

title: [ @entity9 treated by neck resection and end-to-end XXXX under the administration of brain protective substances].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A case of @entity9 treated by aneurysmal neck resection and end-to-end @entity3 of the internal carotid artery under the administration of Sendai Cocktail, which is composed of 20% @entity8 solution, @entity6 and @entity4 and has brain protective effects from @entity2 . The @entity0 , a 55-year-old @entity0 , was admitted to Yonezawa City Hospital on October 11, 1984, with chief complaints of transient consciousness disturbance and left @entity7 . On admission, no @entity1 was found but pulsatile fixed mass was found in the right submandibular region. CT scan revealed multiple low density areas in the right cerebral hemisphere and right upper cervical mass, which was enhanced in a part. Right carotid angiography revealed @entity9 . On October 31, 1984, operation was performed. In the operative procedure, it needed temporary occlusion of the right carotid artery for 143 minutes and 14 minutes, because the @entity5 severely adhered to surrounding tissue and extended to the skull base. Collateral circulation through the circle of Willis was poor in this case but @entity2 complication was not found. On November 20, 1984, he discharged without @entity1 . Postoperative angiography, one year after the operation, showed good flow through the site the primary end-to-end @entity3 .

title: [ XXXX treated by neck resection and end-to-end @entity3 under the administration of brain protective substances].

answer: @entity9


abstract: CONTEXT: Fatigue is the most common sequela among @entity5 ( @entity5 ) survivors one to six years post-treatment and is associated with functional limitations. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence, severity, and correlates of @entity6 among early stage @entity5 survivors. METHODS: Three-hundred fifty individuals diagnosed and surgically treated for Stage IA or IB @entity5 completed a survey that included the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) to assess the prevalence and severity of @entity6 . The Karnofsky Self-Reported Performance Rating scale (SR-KPS) was used as a measure of functional status and was compared with the severity of @entity6 through Chi-squared analyses. Demographic, psychological, and medical correlates of @entity6 were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity6 was 57%. Forty-one percent (n=142) of @entity0 had mild @entity6 and 16.8% (n=59) had moderate or severe @entity6 (BFI>= 4). Among the individuals reporting moderate or severe @entity6 , 23.7% (n=14) had significant functional impairment (SR-KPS <=70%) compared with 2.8% (n=8) with mild or no @entity6 (  (2)=58.1, P<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, @entity5 survivors with @entity3 (odds ratio [OR]=2.28), @entity2 (OR=6.99), and @entity1 (OR=2.31) were more likely to report experiencing clinically significant @entity6 , whereas those who met physical activity guidelines (OR=0.29) reported less @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Fatigue is highly prevalent among @entity5 survivors and associated with more functional impairment. A comprehensive approach to the treatment of @entity6 includes the screening and management of anxious and @entity2 , and @entity3 such as @entity4 .

title: Fatigue and functional impairment in early-stage XXXX survivors.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECT: Reports on resection of @entity2 in or near eloquent cortices have noted @entity3 in up to 30% of @entity0 . This paper contains an analysis of symptom resolution and @entity3 following 20-Gy Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for supratentorial brain @entity1 < or = 2 cm in greatest diameter. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 98 consecutively treated adults (33 @entity0 and 65 @entity0 with a median age of 61.4 years at the time of GKS) with Karnofsky Performance Scale score > or = 60, who underwent GKS for supratentorial brain @entity1 < or = 2 cm in diameter. Lesion location was classified as noneloquent (Grade I), near eloquent (Grade II), or eloquent (Grade III), in accordance with the grading system developed by the group at M. D. Anderson @entity2 Center. Following treatment, the @entity0 underwent MR imaging and clinical examinations at 6 weeks and every 3 months thereafter. RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity0 underwent 20-Gy GKS for 131 @entity1 at initial presentation and 31 @entity0 underwent salvage 20-Gy GKS for 76 new lesions, for a total of 207 lesions (mean lesion volume 0.44 cm3). Lesions were classified as follows: Grade I, 96 (46.4%); Grade II, 51 (24.6%); and Grade III, 60 (29%). Fifteen @entity0 (2 with Grade II and 13 with @entity5 ) presented with deficits referable to their lesions, yielding pre-GKS deficit rates of 7.2% per lesion and 15.3% per @entity0 . The pre-GKS deficits improved or resolved in 10 @entity0 (66.7%) at a median time of 2.8 months and remained stable in 3 @entity0 (20%). Two @entity0 (13.3%) experienced worsened @entity4 . One @entity0 who was neurologically intact prior to treatment developed a new @entity6 (1 of 83 @entity0 [1.2%]). The rates of permanent @entity3 following GKS for Grades I, II, and III lesions were 0% (0 of 96 @entity2 ), 2% (1 of 51), and 3.3% (2 of 60), respectively. The pre-GKS @entity4 and larger lesions were the most significant risk factors for post-GKS @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Gamma Knife surgery performed using a 20-Gy dose provides amelioration of @entity4 from brain @entity1 that are < or = 2 cm in diameter and located in or near eloquent cortices in nearly two-thirds of @entity0 with a low incidence of morbidity. Consistent with the surgical literature, higher rates of @entity3 were observed as proximity to eloquent regions and lesion size increased. There was no @entity3 in @entity0 harboring @entity1 in noneloquent areas.

title: XXXX and symptom resolution following Gamma Knife surgery for brain @entity1 2 cm or smaller in relation to eloquent cortices.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECT: Reports on resection of @entity2 in or near eloquent cortices have noted @entity3 in up to 30% of @entity0 . This paper contains an analysis of symptom resolution and @entity3 following 20-Gy Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for supratentorial brain @entity1 < or = 2 cm in greatest diameter. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 98 consecutively treated adults (33 @entity0 and 65 @entity0 with a median age of 61.4 years at the time of GKS) with Karnofsky Performance Scale score > or = 60, who underwent GKS for supratentorial brain @entity1 < or = 2 cm in diameter. Lesion location was classified as noneloquent (Grade I), near eloquent (Grade II), or eloquent (Grade III), in accordance with the grading system developed by the group at M. D. Anderson @entity2 Center. Following treatment, the @entity0 underwent MR imaging and clinical examinations at 6 weeks and every 3 months thereafter. RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity0 underwent 20-Gy GKS for 131 @entity1 at initial presentation and 31 @entity0 underwent salvage 20-Gy GKS for 76 new lesions, for a total of 207 lesions (mean lesion volume 0.44 cm3). Lesions were classified as follows: Grade I, 96 (46.4%); Grade II, 51 (24.6%); and Grade III, 60 (29%). Fifteen @entity0 (2 with Grade II and 13 with @entity5 ) presented with deficits referable to their lesions, yielding pre-GKS deficit rates of 7.2% per lesion and 15.3% per @entity0 . The pre-GKS deficits improved or resolved in 10 @entity0 (66.7%) at a median time of 2.8 months and remained stable in 3 @entity0 (20%). Two @entity0 (13.3%) experienced worsened @entity4 . One @entity0 who was neurologically intact prior to treatment developed a new @entity6 (1 of 83 @entity0 [1.2%]). The rates of permanent @entity3 following GKS for Grades I, II, and III lesions were 0% (0 of 96 @entity2 ), 2% (1 of 51), and 3.3% (2 of 60), respectively. The pre-GKS @entity4 and larger lesions were the most significant risk factors for post-GKS @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Gamma Knife surgery performed using a 20-Gy dose provides amelioration of @entity4 from brain @entity1 that are < or = 2 cm in diameter and located in or near eloquent cortices in nearly two-thirds of @entity0 with a low incidence of morbidity. Consistent with the surgical literature, higher rates of @entity3 were observed as proximity to eloquent regions and lesion size increased. There was no @entity3 in @entity0 harboring @entity1 in noneloquent areas.

title: @entity3 and symptom resolution following Gamma Knife surgery for brain XXXX 2 cm or smaller in relation to eloquent cortices.

answer: @entity1