abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the open Lichtenstein repair and laparoscopic mesh repair for direct @entity2 in terms of immediate post operative @entity1 and length of hospital stay. METHODS: This randomized control trial was conducted at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi from January 2009 to June 2010. All @entity0 presenting in the surgical OPD with @entity2 , ASA I/II, were randomly divided in two equal groups. Group-I, @entity0 underwent Lichtenstein's repair and Group-II had hernioplasty by laparoscopic method (TAPP). Post operative @entity1 intensity assessed by VAS and hospital stay measured in hours. RESULTS: A total 60 @entity0 of @entity2 were studied. The mean age was 61.48  7. The range of postoperative @entity1 experienced was 5.55 as per VAS among all @entity0 . In group-I (open hernioplasty) majority of @entity0 (53.33%, n=16) experience severe type of @entity1 where as in group-II, moderate severity of @entity1 was reported by large number of @entity0 (63.34%, n=19). The mean post operative @entity1 intensity as per VAS was 6.23 in group-I and 4.43 in group-II @entity0 . The mean length of hospital stay was slightly less (35.10 hrs) in group-I as compared to group-II (38.70 hrs). CONCLUSION: There is definitely less post operative @entity1 after laparoscopic repair but hospital stay is same in both the procedures but laparoscopic procedure does increase the cost.

title: A comparison of post operative XXXX and hospital stay between Lichtenstein's repair and Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) repair of @entity2 : A randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The assumption of upright posture by @entity0 with @entity8 leads to striking activation of adrenergic and @entity3 -angiotensin systems. The tilting-induced modifications in renal function of eight healthy controls and 14 untreated @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity2 were related to plasma concentrations of @entity5 , @entity3 activity and @entity6 . All @entity0 had preserved renal blood perfusion. All parameters were evaluated during bed rest for two hours and in the sitting posture for one hour. Basal plasma @entity3 activity (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05), @entity6 and @entity5 concentrations (p less than or equal to 0.01) were raised in cirrhotics. The renal function tests ( @entity4 clearance, filtered @entity7 , tubular rejection fraction, urinary @entity7 excretion) were significantly reduced in @entity1 . Under basal conditions, in cirrhotic @entity0 tubular rejection fraction and urinary @entity7 excretion were inversely related to both @entity5 and @entity6 concentrations. After tilting, the @entity5 and @entity6 integrated outputs (sigma delta) were significantly greater in @entity1 . All renal function tests significantly decreased in cirrhotics, whereas @entity4 clearance only significantly decreased in controls. @entity0 's tubular rejection fraction of @entity7 and @entity7 excretion were related to sigma delta aldosteronaemia (r = -0.72; p less than 0.01), but no longer to sigma delta plasma @entity5 .

title: Renal function impairment induced by change in posture in @entity0 with @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The assumption of upright posture by @entity0 with @entity8 leads to striking activation of adrenergic and @entity3 -angiotensin systems. The tilting-induced modifications in renal function of eight healthy controls and 14 untreated @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity2 were related to plasma concentrations of @entity5 , @entity3 activity and @entity6 . All @entity0 had preserved renal blood perfusion. All parameters were evaluated during bed rest for two hours and in the sitting posture for one hour. Basal plasma @entity3 activity (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05), @entity6 and @entity5 concentrations (p less than or equal to 0.01) were raised in cirrhotics. The renal function tests ( @entity4 clearance, filtered @entity7 , tubular rejection fraction, urinary @entity7 excretion) were significantly reduced in @entity1 . Under basal conditions, in cirrhotic @entity0 tubular rejection fraction and urinary @entity7 excretion were inversely related to both @entity5 and @entity6 concentrations. After tilting, the @entity5 and @entity6 integrated outputs (sigma delta) were significantly greater in @entity1 . All renal function tests significantly decreased in cirrhotics, whereas @entity4 clearance only significantly decreased in controls. @entity0 's tubular rejection fraction of @entity7 and @entity7 excretion were related to sigma delta aldosteronaemia (r = -0.72; p less than 0.01), but no longer to sigma delta plasma @entity5 .

title: Renal function impairment induced by change in posture in @entity0 with XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The assumption of upright posture by @entity0 with @entity8 leads to striking activation of adrenergic and @entity3 -angiotensin systems. The tilting-induced modifications in renal function of eight healthy controls and 14 untreated @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity2 were related to plasma concentrations of @entity5 , @entity3 activity and @entity6 . All @entity0 had preserved renal blood perfusion. All parameters were evaluated during bed rest for two hours and in the sitting posture for one hour. Basal plasma @entity3 activity (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05), @entity6 and @entity5 concentrations (p less than or equal to 0.01) were raised in cirrhotics. The renal function tests ( @entity4 clearance, filtered @entity7 , tubular rejection fraction, urinary @entity7 excretion) were significantly reduced in @entity1 . Under basal conditions, in cirrhotic @entity0 tubular rejection fraction and urinary @entity7 excretion were inversely related to both @entity5 and @entity6 concentrations. After tilting, the @entity5 and @entity6 integrated outputs (sigma delta) were significantly greater in @entity1 . All renal function tests significantly decreased in cirrhotics, whereas @entity4 clearance only significantly decreased in controls. @entity0 's tubular rejection fraction of @entity7 and @entity7 excretion were related to sigma delta aldosteronaemia (r = -0.72; p less than 0.01), but no longer to sigma delta plasma @entity5 .

title: Renal function impairment induced by change in posture in XXXX with @entity1 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the neuro-radiologic findings in @entity10 ( @entity10 ) @entity0 with and without antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in different neuro- @entity6 manifestations. METHODS: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at King Khalid University Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from June 2012 to January 2015. Ninety seven @entity10 @entity0 with neuro- @entity6 manifestations were included in the study and divided into two groups. Group I (50 @entity0 ) @entity10 with aPL and group II (47 @entity0 ) @entity10 without aPL. We compared Demographic features, clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain findings. RESULTS: Demographic and clinical characteristics of two groups were similar. In Group-I, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were most common (86%). In @entity0 with @entity1 , most of the @entity0 in Group-I had @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (50% vs 27%) while most of the @entity0 in Group-II had normal MRI brain (38% vs 73%). Similarly @entity3 were found more in Group-I @entity0 with @entity8 (60% vs 21%), while @entity4 / @entity9 , @entity7 and normal MRI were found in Group-II. MRI brain in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity6 were not much different in both the groups. CONCLUSION: We found no statistically significant differences in frequencies of @entity5 in @entity10 @entity0 with and without aPL antibodies. Each of the three aPL may have a variable effect on the brain.

title: Pattern of MRI brain in neuro- @entity6 XXXX . Effect of anti-phospholipid antibodies: A study at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the neuro-radiologic findings in @entity10 ( @entity10 ) @entity0 with and without antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in different neuro- @entity6 manifestations. METHODS: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at King Khalid University Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from June 2012 to January 2015. Ninety seven @entity10 @entity0 with neuro- @entity6 manifestations were included in the study and divided into two groups. Group I (50 @entity0 ) @entity10 with aPL and group II (47 @entity0 ) @entity10 without aPL. We compared Demographic features, clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain findings. RESULTS: Demographic and clinical characteristics of two groups were similar. In Group-I, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were most common (86%). In @entity0 with @entity1 , most of the @entity0 in Group-I had @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (50% vs 27%) while most of the @entity0 in Group-II had normal MRI brain (38% vs 73%). Similarly @entity3 were found more in Group-I @entity0 with @entity8 (60% vs 21%), while @entity4 / @entity9 , @entity7 and normal MRI were found in Group-II. MRI brain in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity6 were not much different in both the groups. CONCLUSION: We found no statistically significant differences in frequencies of @entity5 in @entity10 @entity0 with and without aPL antibodies. Each of the three aPL may have a variable effect on the brain.

title: Pattern of MRI brain in neuro- XXXX @entity10 . Effect of anti-phospholipid antibodies: A study at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Our previous work has shown that there are sex differences in subjective responses to acute @entity1 administration in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine if these sex differences are dependent on pubertal development. Materials and Methods: We examined subjective responses before and after administration of 0, 1, and 2   mg/kg of @entity1 in pre- and postpubertal @entity0 and @entity0 (n   =   112). In addition, we examined differences in subjective responses to acute @entity1 in both the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle in postpubertal @entity0 . Results: @entity1 at both doses resulted in greater changes in responses on the Addiction Research Center Inventory and the Brief Assessment of Mood States compared with placebo. @entity0 reported greater increases from baseline to peak in feeling different and liking the feeling than @entity0 after 2   mg/kg of @entity1 regardless of pubertal stage. Postpubertal @entity0 also had a greater decrease from baseline in reports of feeling high and greater increases from baseline in reports of wanting more than postpubertal males. Finally, @entity0 had greater changes (both increases and decreases) in responses on the Brief Mood Questionnaire when in the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase. This was also true for reports of feeling high and feeling different on the Drug Effects Questionnaire. None of these effects varied as a function of usual @entity1 use, suggesting that differences are not the result of tolerance or sensitization. Conclusions: These results suggest that subjective responses to @entity1 emerge before puberty, but sex differences may be strengthened after pubertal development.

title: Subjective Responses to XXXX Are Influenced by @entity1 Dose, Sex, and Pubertal Stage.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Our previous work has shown that there are sex differences in subjective responses to acute @entity1 administration in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine if these sex differences are dependent on pubertal development. Materials and Methods: We examined subjective responses before and after administration of 0, 1, and 2   mg/kg of @entity1 in pre- and postpubertal @entity0 and @entity0 (n   =   112). In addition, we examined differences in subjective responses to acute @entity1 in both the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle in postpubertal @entity0 . Results: @entity1 at both doses resulted in greater changes in responses on the Addiction Research Center Inventory and the Brief Assessment of Mood States compared with placebo. @entity0 reported greater increases from baseline to peak in feeling different and liking the feeling than @entity0 after 2   mg/kg of @entity1 regardless of pubertal stage. Postpubertal @entity0 also had a greater decrease from baseline in reports of feeling high and greater increases from baseline in reports of wanting more than postpubertal males. Finally, @entity0 had greater changes (both increases and decreases) in responses on the Brief Mood Questionnaire when in the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase. This was also true for reports of feeling high and feeling different on the Drug Effects Questionnaire. None of these effects varied as a function of usual @entity1 use, suggesting that differences are not the result of tolerance or sensitization. Conclusions: These results suggest that subjective responses to @entity1 emerge before puberty, but sex differences may be strengthened after pubertal development.

title: Subjective Responses to @entity1 Are Influenced by XXXX Dose, Sex, and Pubertal Stage.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sensitivity of arthrosonography of hip and knee joints for monitoring disease activity in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Twenty eight @entity0 with @entity1 with active disease at entry in 15 hips and 38 knee joints were followed up three times in intervals of 4-6 weeks. Sonographic, clinical, and laboratory findings were documented at the same time in clinically active and inactive disease. As controls of the sonographic variables 10 @entity0 without a history of @entity2 were examined by ultrasound. RESULTS: In active @entity2 joint 19/31 (61%) examinations showed a pathological widening of the synovial joint space. There was no significant correlation between sonographic and clinical measures of disease activity in coxitis. Marked effusion within the suprapatellar pouch was seen in 87% and thickening of the synovial membrane in 92% of cases of active gonarthritis in @entity0 with @entity1 . There was a significant difference in the number of @entity0 with joint effusion and in the mean joint effusion between @entity0 with clinically active gonarthritis at entry and inactive @entity2 at follow up (p<0.001). In contrast, synovial thickening persisted in about 80% after induction of clinical remission. CONCLUSION: The data confirm the high sensitivity of arthrosonography in imaging changes in hip and knee joints of @entity0 with @entity1 . Sonographic effusion of the knee provided the highest correlation with measures of clinical disease activity. Further prospective studies should evaluate whether persistent thickening of the synovial membrane detected by ultrasound in clinically inactive @entity2 indicates residual inflammatory activity and an increased risk of relapse.

title: Arthrosonography of hip and knee joints in the follow up of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological response of chronic calcific @entity3 to extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in a single blind study. METHODS: 70 @entity0 showing chronic, symptomatic, calcifying @entity3 were examined. A single blind randomised study was performed with 35 @entity0 undergoing a regular treatment (group 1) and 35 a simulated one (group 2). @entity1 and functional assessment was carried out according to Constant and Murley. Variations in the dimension of the calcification were evaluated by anteroposterior x ray films. RESULTS: A significant @entity1 and a significant increase in shoulder function was seen in group 1. Examination by x ray showed partial resorption of the @entity2 deposits in 40% of cases and complete resorption in 31% of cases in group 1. In the control group no significant @entity1 and no significant increase in shoulder function was seen. No modifications were observed by x ray examination. CONCLUSION: Because of its good tolerance, safety, and clinical radiological response, ESWT can be considered as an alternative treatment for chronic calcific @entity3 .

title: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic calcific XXXX : single blind study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Adverse reactions to foods do occur. Their true degree of prevalence remains unknown. Many mechanisms are involved, including events at the gut mucosa surface, immunologic pathways, and nonimmunologic and possibly genetic influences, not all of which have yet been well studied. The major manifestations of @entity3 have been cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary. Others are less convincingly established. Of particular interest is the likelihood that certain rheumatic symptoms may be related to @entity4 . Establishing a diagnosis of adverse food reaction requires thoughtful clinical evaluation and laboratory testing, confirmatory immunologic studies, and double-blind food challenge. Skin testing is a valuable screening tool and can help direct the physician to those @entity0 for whom double-blind food challenge may be indicated. The simplest therapy is avoidance of foods to which an individual is sensitive. @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity2 synthetase inhibitors, and @entity1 have been used, but their efficacy has not yet been carefully evaluated.

title: XXXX and other adverse reactions to foods.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the results of @entity0 who were treated with Ilizarov external fixation for @entity2 and III @entity3 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 (4 females, 41 males; mean age 33 years; range 8 to 65 years) with @entity3 were treated with the Ilizarov external fixator. According to the Gustilo-Mendoza classification, the @entity1 were @entity2 , IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC in 12, 20, 9, and 4 @entity0 , respectively. The mean follow-up was 58 months and 4 days (range 42 months and 10 days to 66 months and 11 days). The fixators were applied for a mean of 17.2 weeks (range 6.8 to 55.7 weeks). RESULTS: Union was achieved in all cases. A significant difference was observed between @entity1 in terms of time to union (p<0.05). @entity1 , the time to union was significantly longer in type IIIB and IIIC @entity1 (p<0.05). The most frequent complication was pin-tract infections (27.1%). Refracture occurred in four cases (8.8%). Three @entity0 developed late infections at the @entity1 site. Radiographically, the results were excellent in 14 @entity0 (31%), good in 22 @entity0 (48.8%), moderate in five @entity0 (11.1%), and poor in four @entity0 (8.8%). Functional results were excellent in 21 @entity0 (46.6%), good in 20 @entity0 (44.4%), and moderate in four @entity0 (8.8%). CONCLUSION: Despite technical difficulties and problems associated with pin-tract infections, the Ilizarov external fixator may be the preferred technique in @entity3 because of high union rates, the use of thin K-wires with minimal traumatic effect, and more successful functional results.

title: [Treatment of XXXX and III @entity3 with Ilizarov external fixation].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the results of @entity0 who were treated with Ilizarov external fixation for @entity2 and III @entity3 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 (4 females, 41 males; mean age 33 years; range 8 to 65 years) with @entity3 were treated with the Ilizarov external fixator. According to the Gustilo-Mendoza classification, the @entity1 were @entity2 , IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC in 12, 20, 9, and 4 @entity0 , respectively. The mean follow-up was 58 months and 4 days (range 42 months and 10 days to 66 months and 11 days). The fixators were applied for a mean of 17.2 weeks (range 6.8 to 55.7 weeks). RESULTS: Union was achieved in all cases. A significant difference was observed between @entity1 in terms of time to union (p<0.05). @entity1 , the time to union was significantly longer in type IIIB and IIIC @entity1 (p<0.05). The most frequent complication was pin-tract infections (27.1%). Refracture occurred in four cases (8.8%). Three @entity0 developed late infections at the @entity1 site. Radiographically, the results were excellent in 14 @entity0 (31%), good in 22 @entity0 (48.8%), moderate in five @entity0 (11.1%), and poor in four @entity0 (8.8%). Functional results were excellent in 21 @entity0 (46.6%), good in 20 @entity0 (44.4%), and moderate in four @entity0 (8.8%). CONCLUSION: Despite technical difficulties and problems associated with pin-tract infections, the Ilizarov external fixator may be the preferred technique in @entity3 because of high union rates, the use of thin K-wires with minimal traumatic effect, and more successful functional results.

title: [Treatment of @entity2 and III XXXX with Ilizarov external fixation].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity10 , a new analogue of @entity9 , was administered to 27 @entity1 with @entity0 in a phase II trial. The drug was given orally at a dose of 30-35 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Twenty-two @entity1 were evaluable for response. All evaluable @entity1 were previously treated with one or more chemotherapeutic regimens, including an @entity8 in more than 50% of the cases. Partial remissions were obtained in 5 @entity1 , for a response rate of 23%. The median duration of response was 191 days. Mild @entity4 were common. @entity2 , which occurred in less than 50% of the @entity1 , was usually short-lived. @entity7 was generally minimal. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxic effect. @entity6 was frequently seen, with full recovery by day 28 in 81% of the courses. @entity3 was less common than @entity6 . Four cases of grade 1 @entity5 were recorded. This study suggests that @entity10 can induce regressions in advanced @entity0 , and justifies further studies in combination with other agents.

title: Phase II trial with oral XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 , a new analogue of @entity9 , was administered to 27 @entity1 with @entity0 in a phase II trial. The drug was given orally at a dose of 30-35 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Twenty-two @entity1 were evaluable for response. All evaluable @entity1 were previously treated with one or more chemotherapeutic regimens, including an @entity8 in more than 50% of the cases. Partial remissions were obtained in 5 @entity1 , for a response rate of 23%. The median duration of response was 191 days. Mild @entity4 were common. @entity2 , which occurred in less than 50% of the @entity1 , was usually short-lived. @entity7 was generally minimal. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxic effect. @entity6 was frequently seen, with full recovery by day 28 in 81% of the courses. @entity3 was less common than @entity6 . Four cases of grade 1 @entity5 were recorded. This study suggests that @entity10 can induce regressions in advanced @entity0 , and justifies further studies in combination with other agents.

title: Phase II trial with oral @entity10 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: From January 1993 to December 2006 we analyzed the clinical characteristics of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with central nervous system (CNS) @entity1 at the Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Forty-six @entity0 with @entity2 and CNS @entity1 were identified, of whom 36 had intracranial @entity1 and 10 had spinal @entity1 . The clinical presentations, laboratory data and imaging studies were collected and analyzed. The age at the time of @entity2 diagnosis ranged from 34 to 78 years; CNS @entity1 occurred between 0 and 85 months after diagnosis and @entity3 followed between 0 and 93 months later. The Glasgow @entity4 Scale (GCS) score at the time of CNS @entity1 ranged from 7 to 15 and the @entity0 -Pugh score at diagnosis of @entity2 ranged from 5 to 15. @entity0 with spinal @entity1 had a higher GCS score and lower @entity0 -Pugh score at diagnosis. None of the serum biochemical studies showed unique abnormalities. From the data currently available, intracranial @entity1 is the most common site of CNS @entity1 of @entity2 . Advances in treating and diagnosing @entity2 have improved @entity0 outcomes remarkably; however, CNS @entity1 continues to have a grave prognosis. Without a specific biomarker for predicting CNS involvement in @entity2 , a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis should be maintained, particularly in @entity2 areas such as Taiwan.

title: Central nervous system involvement in XXXX : clinical characteristics and comparison of intracranial and spinal metastatic groups.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ability of superparamagnetic @entity4 (SPIO)-enhanced MR imaging to detect liver @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 and to compare the findings with histopathological data. Sixty-seven @entity0 with chronic @entity2 ( n=58) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ; n=9) were studied using a 1.5-T MR system. The protocol included proton density-weighted, T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) and fast SE (FSE) sequences before and after SPIO administration and T2*-weighted gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) sequences after SPIO. Pre- and post-contrast T2-weighted and T2*-weighted sequences were retrospectively evaluated by three independent observers for evidence of non-tumor hypersignal intensities. Three liver patterns were considered: thick reticulations; thin reticulations; and/or multiple areas of hypersignal intensities. Unenhanced or enhanced patterns were compared with histopathological specimens, which had been obtained by percutaneous biopsy of the right lobe within a maximum of 12 months of MR examination. Liver @entity1 was histologically graded using a five-level scale (F0-F4), according to the METAVIR classification. Histopathology demonstrated significant @entity1 (F2-F4) in 57 @entity0 , non-significant @entity1 in 1 @entity0 (F1), and normal liver surrounding @entity5 in 9 @entity0 (F0). After SPIO administration, at least one pattern of non-tumor hypersignal intensities was seen in 43 (76%) of the 57 @entity0 with F>/=2 with good agreement (kappa=0.68) compared with 2 (20%) of the 10 F0/1 @entity0 ( p<0.01). Attenuated non-homogeneous liver-signal intensities with persistent thick reticulations, thin reticulations, or multiple areas of hypersignals were observed in, respectively, 30, 52, and 56% of @entity0 with F>/=2 with moderate agreement (kappa=0.51). Before SPIO, MR images were positive in 21 of 57 (37%) F>/=2 and zero F0/1 @entity0 . Post-contrast proton-density-weighted and T2*-weighted GRE were the most sensitive sequences for detecting non-tumor hypersignal intensities. In @entity0 with chronic @entity3 , SPIO-enhanced MR imaging exhibits non-tumor hypersignal intensities indicative of liver @entity1 by decreasing the signal from the non-fibrotic areas where Kupffer cells are present.

title: Non-invasive detection of liver XXXX : Is superparamagnetic @entity4 particle-enhanced MR imaging a contributive technique?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ability of superparamagnetic @entity4 (SPIO)-enhanced MR imaging to detect liver @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 and to compare the findings with histopathological data. Sixty-seven @entity0 with chronic @entity2 ( n=58) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ; n=9) were studied using a 1.5-T MR system. The protocol included proton density-weighted, T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) and fast SE (FSE) sequences before and after SPIO administration and T2*-weighted gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) sequences after SPIO. Pre- and post-contrast T2-weighted and T2*-weighted sequences were retrospectively evaluated by three independent observers for evidence of non-tumor hypersignal intensities. Three liver patterns were considered: thick reticulations; thin reticulations; and/or multiple areas of hypersignal intensities. Unenhanced or enhanced patterns were compared with histopathological specimens, which had been obtained by percutaneous biopsy of the right lobe within a maximum of 12 months of MR examination. Liver @entity1 was histologically graded using a five-level scale (F0-F4), according to the METAVIR classification. Histopathology demonstrated significant @entity1 (F2-F4) in 57 @entity0 , non-significant @entity1 in 1 @entity0 (F1), and normal liver surrounding @entity5 in 9 @entity0 (F0). After SPIO administration, at least one pattern of non-tumor hypersignal intensities was seen in 43 (76%) of the 57 @entity0 with F>/=2 with good agreement (kappa=0.68) compared with 2 (20%) of the 10 F0/1 @entity0 ( p<0.01). Attenuated non-homogeneous liver-signal intensities with persistent thick reticulations, thin reticulations, or multiple areas of hypersignals were observed in, respectively, 30, 52, and 56% of @entity0 with F>/=2 with moderate agreement (kappa=0.51). Before SPIO, MR images were positive in 21 of 57 (37%) F>/=2 and zero F0/1 @entity0 . Post-contrast proton-density-weighted and T2*-weighted GRE were the most sensitive sequences for detecting non-tumor hypersignal intensities. In @entity0 with chronic @entity3 , SPIO-enhanced MR imaging exhibits non-tumor hypersignal intensities indicative of liver @entity1 by decreasing the signal from the non-fibrotic areas where Kupffer cells are present.

title: Non-invasive detection of liver @entity1 : Is superparamagnetic XXXX particle-enhanced MR imaging a contributive technique?

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate, adapt cross-culturally, and validate the Kannada version of the @entity2 Index (ODI). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity3 is recognized as an important public health problem. Self-administered condition-specific questionnaires are important tools for assessing a @entity0 . For low backache, the ODI is used widely. Preferred language of a region can have an effect on interpretation of questions and thus scoring. A search of literature showed no previously validated Kannada version of the ODI. METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation and translation was carried out according to previously set guidelines. @entity0 were recruited from the orthopedic outpatient department. They filled out a booklet containing the Kannada version of the ODI, Kannada version of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and a 10-point @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: The Kannada ODI was answered by 91 @entity0 and retested in 35 @entity0 . After removing questionnaires with stray or ambiguous markings causing difficulty in computation of scores, 76 test questionnaires and 32 retest questionnaires were available for statistical analysis. The Kannada version showed an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.92). The Kannada version of the ODI showed good correlation with the RMDQ (r=0.72) and moderate correlation with @entity1 (r=0.58). It also showed an excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=0.96). Standard error of measurement (SEM) was also low (4.08) and a difference of 11 points is the "Minimum Detectable Change (MDC)." CONCLUSION: The Kannada version of the ODI that was developed showed consistency and reliability. It can be used for assessment of @entity3 and treatment outcomes in Kannada-speaking populations. However, in view of a smaller sample size, it will benefit from verification at multiple centers and with more @entity0 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Adaptation of the XXXX Index to Kannada Language and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is an important way to decrease medical costs. We aimed to study the opinions and attitudes of Finnish @entity0 about @entity1 five years after it was introduced, the reasons for substituting and what @entity0 think about generic medicines. METHODS: We sent a postal survey to a random stratified population sample of 3000 Finnish @entity0 aged at least 18 years in 2008. The random sample was drawn from five mainland counties. The sampling was conducted by the Finnish Population Register Centre. The response rate was 62% (n=1844) after exclusion of unobtainable addressees (n=34). RESULTS: Most of the respondents (70.9%) considered @entity1 a good law reform. However, there were many respondents who were unsure about their opinion (26.9%). The respondents also held the opinion that cheaper medicines are effective (80.9%) and that @entity1 does not cause any risk to drug safety (84.9%). Most of the respondents (88.4%) who had substituted their medicines had not noticed any difference between the previously used and substituted medicines. Two main reasons for substituting were a desire to save money and recommendation by pharmacists. Of the respondents, 16.3% had experience with both substituting and refusing it. The percentage of the respondents who only had experience with refusing @entity1 was 8.6%. Female gender, older age and use of prescription drugs were associated with refusing. CONCLUSIONS: Finnish @entity0 consider @entity1 a good reform. They also have confidence in the effect of cheaper medicines. Savings are the main reason for accepting @entity1 .

title: Do XXXX regard cheaper medicines effective? Population survey on public opinion of generic substitution in Finland.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 (NE) has been shown to facilitate learning and memory by modulating synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in vivo. During memory consolidation, transiently stored information is transferred from the hippocampus into the cortical mantle. This process is believed to depend on the generation of sharp wave-ripple complexes (SPW-Rs), during which previously stored information might be replayed. Here, we used @entity0 hippocampal slices to investigate neuromodulatory effects of NE on SPW-Rs, induced by a standard long-term potentiation (LTP) protocol, in the @entity4 and @entity3 . NE (10-50  M) dose-dependently and reversibly suppressed the generation of SPW-Rs via activation of a1 adrenoreceptors, as indicated by the similar effects of @entity5 (100  M). In contrast, the unspecific b adrenoreceptor agonist @entity6 (2  M) significantly increased the incidence of SPW-Rs. Furthermore, b adrenoreceptor activation significantly facilitated induction of both LTP and SPW-Rs within the @entity4 network. Suppression of SPW-Rs by NE was associated with a moderate hyperpolarization in the majority of @entity4 pyramidal cells and with a reduction of presynaptic @entity1 uptake in the stratum radiatum. This was indicated by activity-dependent changes in [ @entity1 ](o) and @entity1 fluorescence signals, by changes in the paired pulse ratio of evoked EPSPs and by analysis of the coefficient of variance. In the presence of NE, repeated high frequency stimulation (high-frequency stimulation (HFS)) failed to induce SPW-Rs, although SPW-Rs appeared following washout of NE. Together, our data indicate that the NE-mediated suppression of hippocampal SPW-Rs depends on a1 adrenoreceptor activation, while their expression and activity-dependent induction is facilitated via b1-adrenoreceptors.

title: Adrenergic modulation of sharp wave-ripple activity in XXXX hippocampal slices.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of intraoperative identification of oculomotor nerves (OMN) in resection of skull base @entity1 invading superior orbital fissure and cavernous sinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 69 @entity0 with @entity1 operated in Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute (Moscow, Russia) since 2000 until 2005 were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups: 19 @entity0 treated with intraoperative identification of OMN and 50 @entity0 in the control group. @entity4 were in the majority among all cases. Intraoperative identification of OMN was performed using coaxial electrode while muscular response was registered through electrodes inserted in m. levator palpebrae superioris, m. obliquus superior and m. rectus lateralis (for III, IV and VI cranial nerves, respectively). Identification of IMN trunci was repeated throughout the whole stage of @entity1 resection for their preservation. RESULTS: comparison of dynamics of @entity3 in early postoperative period in @entity0 of both groups demonstrated that intraoperative identification of OMN allowed to decrease the frequency of @entity2 . The rates in main and control groups were: for III and IV nerves--37% and 68% (p < 0.05), for VI nerve--47% and 54% (p > 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: application of intraoperative identification of OMN allows to decrease the risk of @entity2 by 1.8 times. Technically the method is quite simple and not time-consuming procedure.

title: [Intraoperative identification of oculomotor, trochlear and abducent nerves in surgery of invasive XXXX (new technique)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Secondary insults can adversely influence outcome following severe @entity1 . Monitoring of cerebral extracellular chemistry with microdialysis has the potential for early detection of metabolic derangements associated with such events. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the fundamental biochemical markers and neurological outcome in a large cohort of @entity0 with @entity1 . Prospectively collected observational neuromonitoring data from 223 @entity0 were analysed. Monitoring modalities included digitally recorded intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebrovascular pressure reactivity index and microdialysis markers @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity3 and the @entity4 / @entity6 ratio. Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months post-injury. @entity0 -averaged values of parameters were used in statistical analysis, which included univariate non-parametric methods and multivariate logistic regression. Monitoring with microdialysis commenced on median (interquartile range) Day 1 (1-2) from injury and median (interquartile range) duration of monitoring was 4 (2-7) days. Averaged over the total monitoring period levels of @entity5 (P = 0.048), @entity4 / @entity6 ratio (P = 0.044), intracranial pressure (P = 0.006) and cerebrovascular pressure reactivity index (P = 0.01) were significantly higher in @entity0 who died. During the initial 72 h of monitoring, median @entity3 levels were also higher in the mortality group (P = 0.014) and median @entity4 / @entity6 ratio (P = 0.026) and @entity4 (P = 0.033) levels were significantly lower in @entity0 with favourable outcome. In a multivariate logistic regression model (P < 0.0001), which employed data averaged over the whole monitoring period, significant independent positive predictors of mortality were @entity2 (P = 0.024), @entity4 / @entity6 ratio (P = 0.016), intracranial pressure (P = 0.029), cerebrovascular pressure reactivity index (P = 0.036) and age (P = 0.003), while @entity6 was a significant independent negative predictor of mortality (P = 0.004). The results of this study suggest that extracellular metabolic markers are independently associated with outcome following @entity1 . Whether treatment-related improvement in biochemistry translates into better outcome remains to be established.

title: Cerebral extracellular chemistry and outcome following XXXX : a microdialysis study of 223 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Secondary insults can adversely influence outcome following severe @entity1 . Monitoring of cerebral extracellular chemistry with microdialysis has the potential for early detection of metabolic derangements associated with such events. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the fundamental biochemical markers and neurological outcome in a large cohort of @entity0 with @entity1 . Prospectively collected observational neuromonitoring data from 223 @entity0 were analysed. Monitoring modalities included digitally recorded intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebrovascular pressure reactivity index and microdialysis markers @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity3 and the @entity4 / @entity6 ratio. Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months post-injury. @entity0 -averaged values of parameters were used in statistical analysis, which included univariate non-parametric methods and multivariate logistic regression. Monitoring with microdialysis commenced on median (interquartile range) Day 1 (1-2) from injury and median (interquartile range) duration of monitoring was 4 (2-7) days. Averaged over the total monitoring period levels of @entity5 (P = 0.048), @entity4 / @entity6 ratio (P = 0.044), intracranial pressure (P = 0.006) and cerebrovascular pressure reactivity index (P = 0.01) were significantly higher in @entity0 who died. During the initial 72 h of monitoring, median @entity3 levels were also higher in the mortality group (P = 0.014) and median @entity4 / @entity6 ratio (P = 0.026) and @entity4 (P = 0.033) levels were significantly lower in @entity0 with favourable outcome. In a multivariate logistic regression model (P < 0.0001), which employed data averaged over the whole monitoring period, significant independent positive predictors of mortality were @entity2 (P = 0.024), @entity4 / @entity6 ratio (P = 0.016), intracranial pressure (P = 0.029), cerebrovascular pressure reactivity index (P = 0.036) and age (P = 0.003), while @entity6 was a significant independent negative predictor of mortality (P = 0.004). The results of this study suggest that extracellular metabolic markers are independently associated with outcome following @entity1 . Whether treatment-related improvement in biochemistry translates into better outcome remains to be established.

title: Cerebral extracellular chemistry and outcome following @entity1 : a microdialysis study of 223 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the @entity1 knowledge and expectations for recovery among the family members of @entity1 @entity0 in an acute rehabilitation hospital. DESIGN: Survey study of 50 family members of @entity1 @entity0 undergoing inpatient rehabilitation at a single urban rehabilitation hospital. RESULTS: Sixty percent of @entity0 were able to identify whether their family member had sustained a @entity3 or @entity2 ; 48% were able to identify at least one treatment provided to their family member for his or her @entity1 . The average length of stay predicted by @entity0 closely matched the average @entity0 length of stay. @entity0 tended to overestimate the functional abilities of their family member with a @entity1 , both on initial assessment and discharge. This overestimation was more substantial for discharge functional ability than for initial assessment. @entity0 were able to predict discharge location with substantial accuracy (82% agreement, kappa = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of @entity1 etiology and functional outcome of family members of individuals undergoing rehabilitation after @entity1 shows significant limitations. @entity0 ' ability to predict functional outcome on discharge was worse than their knowledge of current functional status. @entity0 predictions of length of stay and discharge disposition were areas of relative strength. Further efforts are needed to enhance the knowledge level of family members of @entity0 undergoing rehabilitation after @entity1 .

title: Family member knowledge and expectations for functional recovery after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Outpatient direct current (DC) cardioversion is performed routinely, yet scant data support this approach. We studied the efficacy, safety, and costs of outpatient cardioversion. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of outpatient cardioversions was performed in a 5-year period at an academic medical center in 532 consecutive outpatients with an @entity10 . The protocol included anticoagulation (international normalized ratio >or=2.0) for >or=4 consecutive weekly draws and then DC cardioversion with the @entity0 under intravenous anesthesia. @entity2 symptoms, antiarrhythmic therapy use, and costs were evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety percent of @entity0 were discharged in sinus rhythm after cardioversion with a median number of shocks of 1 (range, 1-6) for @entity4 (n = 113), @entity1 (n = 13), and @entity3 (n = 406). Sixty-seven percent of @entity0 were treated with an antiarrhythmic drug. The complication rate was 2.6%, with 11 unplanned admissions. Thromboemboli occurred only in patients whose anticoagulation deviated from protocol and included chronic @entity7 starting 4 days after cardioversion, transient right-sided weakness, and cerebral vascular accident 3 days after cardioversion, despite negative results on a transesophageal echocardiogram. Two @entity0 had @entity9 . @entity5 developed in 4 @entity0 ; transient pacemaker noncapture after the shock occurred in 4 @entity0 . Transient postshock rhythms also included @entity8 and junctional rhythm. One @entity0 had @entity6 . The mean cost of cardioversion was 464 dollars. Fees for anesthesia ranged from 525 dollars to 650 dollars. The anesthetic costs ranged from 2.84 dollars to 21.47 dollars. The cardiology fee averaged 501 dollars. CONCLUSION: Outpatient cardioversion is a low risk, effective, and economical procedure.

title: Outpatient cardioversion of XXXX : efficacy, safety, and costs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Loss of oligodendrocytes is a feature of many @entity1 including @entity0 . Here, we have established and characterized a novel model of genetically induced adult oligodendrocyte death. Specific primary loss of adult oligodendrocytes leads to a well defined and highly reproducible course of disease development that can be followed longitudinally by magnetic resonance imaging. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed progressive myelin vacuolation, in parallel to disease development that includes @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity6 . Myelin damage and clearance were associated with induction of oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation, albeit with some regional differences. Remyelination was present in the mildly affected corpus callosum. Consequences of acutely induced cell death of adult oligodendrocytes included secondary @entity3 . Microglia were activated in affected areas but without significant influx of B-cells, T-helper cells, or T-cytotoxic cells. Analysis of the model on a @entity8 ( @entity8 )-deficient background, lacking functional lymphocytes, did not change the observed disease and @entity7 compared with immune-competent @entity2 . We conclude that this model provides the opportunity to study the consequences of adult oligodendrocyte death in the absence of primary @entity3 and reactive cells of the adaptive immune system. Our results indicate that if the blood-brain barrier is not disrupted, myelin debris is not removed efficiently, remyelination is impaired, and axonal integrity is compromised, likely as the result of @entity1 . This model will allow the evaluation of strategies aimed at improving remyelination to foster axon protection.

title: Genetically induced adult oligodendrocyte cell death is associated with poor myelin clearance, reduced remyelination, and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: During locomotion, adult rodent lumbar motoneurons fire in high-frequency (80-100 Hz) 1-2 s bursts every several seconds, releasing between 10,000 and 20,000 vesicles per burst. The estimated total vesicle pool size indicates that all vesicles would be used within 30 s; thus, a mechanism for rapid endocytosis and @entity3 is necessary to maintain effective transmission and motor behavior. However, whether such rapid recycling exists at @entity0 neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) or how it is regulated has been unclear. Here, we show that much less FM1-43 dye is lost per stimulus with 100 Hz stimulation than with 10 Hz stimulation even when the same number of vesicles undergo exocytosis. Electrophysiological data using @entity4 show this lesser amount of @entity2 is caused in part by the rapid reuse of vesicles. We showed previously that a @entity5 ( @entity5 )-myosin II pathway was required for effective transmission at 100 Hz. Here, we confirm the activation of @entity5 , based on increased nerve terminal phospho-MLC immunostaining, with 100 Hz but not with 10 Hz stimulation. We further demonstrate that activation of @entity5 , by increased extracellular @entity1 , by PKC (protein kinase C) activation, or by a @entity5 agonist peptide, reduces the amount of dye lost even with 10 Hz stimulation. @entity5 activation at 10 Hz also resulted in more vesicles being rapidly reused. Thus, @entity5 activation by 100 Hz stimulation switches the mechanism of vesicle cycling to a rapid-reuse mode and is required to sustain effective transmission in adult @entity0 NMJs.

title: Frequency-dependent modes of synaptic vesicle endocytosis and exocytosis at adult XXXX neuromuscular junctions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: There is growing evidence that the palliative care needs of certain @entity1 , such as those from minority ethnic groups, are not being met. The aim of this study was to investigate whether place of @entity3 from @entity2 differs between ethnic groups. A total of 101,516 @entity1 resident in South East England and who died from lung, @entity0 between 1998 and 2006 were extracted from the Thames Cancer Registry database. Ethnicity data were available for 68,804 @entity1 (68%). The odds ratios (ORs) of @entity3 from @entity2 in a hospice, at home or in hospital were calculated. The results were adjusted for age at @entity3 , deprivation, @entity2 network of residence and time between diagnosis and @entity3 . Following adjustment, @entity3 in a hospice was significantly less likely for @entity4 @entity1 (OR=0.47 95% CI [0.30-0.74]), Indian @entity1 (0.68 [0.55-0.84]) and Bangladeshi @entity1 (0.33 [0.19-0.56]). Death at home was significantly less likely in Black African @entity1 (0.48 [0.36-0.65]), Black Caribbean @entity1 (0.78 [0.67-0.90]) and Chinese @entity1 (0.46 [0.28-0.76]). @entity4 , Indian, Bangladeshi, Black African, Black Caribbean and Chinese @entity1 were all significantly more likely than White @entity1 to die in hospital. The results were not substantially altered by recoding the unknown ethnicity group to White or using multiple imputation to assign those with a missing ethnicity an ethnic group. Place of @entity3 varies between ethnic groups. This may reflect differences in preferences for place of @entity3 or barriers to accessing specialist care in different settings. More detailed prospective qualitative studies are urgently required to determine reasons for this variation.

title: Does place of XXXX from @entity2 vary between ethnic groups in South East England?

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is growing evidence that the palliative care needs of certain @entity1 , such as those from minority ethnic groups, are not being met. The aim of this study was to investigate whether place of @entity3 from @entity2 differs between ethnic groups. A total of 101,516 @entity1 resident in South East England and who died from lung, @entity0 between 1998 and 2006 were extracted from the Thames Cancer Registry database. Ethnicity data were available for 68,804 @entity1 (68%). The odds ratios (ORs) of @entity3 from @entity2 in a hospice, at home or in hospital were calculated. The results were adjusted for age at @entity3 , deprivation, @entity2 network of residence and time between diagnosis and @entity3 . Following adjustment, @entity3 in a hospice was significantly less likely for @entity4 @entity1 (OR=0.47 95% CI [0.30-0.74]), Indian @entity1 (0.68 [0.55-0.84]) and Bangladeshi @entity1 (0.33 [0.19-0.56]). Death at home was significantly less likely in Black African @entity1 (0.48 [0.36-0.65]), Black Caribbean @entity1 (0.78 [0.67-0.90]) and Chinese @entity1 (0.46 [0.28-0.76]). @entity4 , Indian, Bangladeshi, Black African, Black Caribbean and Chinese @entity1 were all significantly more likely than White @entity1 to die in hospital. The results were not substantially altered by recoding the unknown ethnicity group to White or using multiple imputation to assign those with a missing ethnicity an ethnic group. Place of @entity3 varies between ethnic groups. This may reflect differences in preferences for place of @entity3 or barriers to accessing specialist care in different settings. More detailed prospective qualitative studies are urgently required to determine reasons for this variation.

title: Does place of @entity3 from XXXX vary between ethnic groups in South East England?

answer: @entity2


abstract: While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not a screening examination in the search for @entity1 , it has already demonstrated its value when performed as a carefully directed study to detect focal @entity3 . In the past 18 months we have encountered nine @entity0 (six @entity0 , three @entity0 --ages 14-66) with a variety of @entity2 ( @entity7 , two; @entity5 , two; @entity4 , two; @entity9 , one; @entity8 , one; @entity6 , one) whose MR scans revealed @entity3 after normal or nondiagnostic computed tomographic (CT) scans. The lesions were most clearly demonstrated using spin echo (SE) technique with recovery times (TR) of 2.0 seconds and delay times (TE) of 56 msec; metastases usually imaged with greater signal intensity than surrounding liver parenchyma. Lesions were solitary in three @entity0 , multiple in six, and were found in all hepatic lobes without any specific location predominating. Pathologic confirmations of MR diagnoses were available in six of nine @entity0 . In two @entity0 , CT scans were of poor technical quality because streak artifacts from surgical clips obscured portions of the liver. In one @entity0 iodinated contrast medium could not be given. In the remaining six @entity0 CT scan quality was acceptable. This report is not a comparison study of the two modalities. We simply present nine @entity0 in whom metastases were not detected by CT for various reasons but were found by MRI using SE technique.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of XXXX in the presence of negative CT studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in the conversion of @entity4 to @entity7 . @entity6 expression has been found in many @entity1 . This study analyzed the correlation between @entity6 expression and angiogenesis or apoptosis in @entity0 @entity3 . The study examined the expression of @entity6 in six @entity3 cell lines and in 100 @entity5 , comparing intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) and apoptotic index (AI) by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL methods. @entity6 was variably expressed in all the cell lines examined. @entity6 immunoreactivity was observed mainly in the cytoplasm of @entity2 cells. Significantly higher mean IMVD and lower AI were noted in the 51 strong @entity6 expressing cases than in the 49 weak cases. IMVD and AI were negatively correlated. @entity6 expression was higher in the @entity1 with lymphatic invasion than in the others. These data indicate that @entity6 expression is associated with increased intratumoral microvessels and suppression of @entity1 cell apoptosis. Thus @entity6 might play an important role in the angiogenesis and regulation of apoptosis in @entity5 .

title: Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 is correlated with high intratumoral microvessel density and low apoptotic index in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in the conversion of @entity4 to @entity7 . @entity6 expression has been found in many @entity1 . This study analyzed the correlation between @entity6 expression and angiogenesis or apoptosis in @entity0 @entity3 . The study examined the expression of @entity6 in six @entity3 cell lines and in 100 @entity5 , comparing intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) and apoptotic index (AI) by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL methods. @entity6 was variably expressed in all the cell lines examined. @entity6 immunoreactivity was observed mainly in the cytoplasm of @entity2 cells. Significantly higher mean IMVD and lower AI were noted in the 51 strong @entity6 expressing cases than in the 49 weak cases. IMVD and AI were negatively correlated. @entity6 expression was higher in the @entity1 with lymphatic invasion than in the others. These data indicate that @entity6 expression is associated with increased intratumoral microvessels and suppression of @entity1 cell apoptosis. Thus @entity6 might play an important role in the angiogenesis and regulation of apoptosis in @entity5 .

title: Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 is correlated with high intratumoral microvessel density and low apoptotic index in XXXX @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: More than 80% of total @entity4 (NA) and @entity5 (A) and nearly 100% of @entity3 (DA) circulate in blood as @entity7 , and it has been proposed that @entity2 conjugation contributes to the inactivation of @entity6 (CA). @entity2 conjugation rapidly responds to changes in sympathetic activity and may buffer the haemodynamic and metabolic consequences of wide fluctuations in CA release in phaeochromocytoma. This hypothesis was tested in seven @entity0 with phaeochromocytoma by consecutive measurements of plasma-free and conjugated NA, under resting conditions, before operation and at least 4 weeks after @entity1 removal. Free and total (free + @entity7 ) NA were markedly elevated before compared with 1-4 months after surgery. Similar elevations were seen in free and total A and free DA. Before surgery consecutive measurements of total NA, 5 min apart, were markedly different (17 +/- 4.1 and 13.7 +/- 4.4 ng/ml, respectively), whereas only small differences in free NA levels were present (4.1 +/- 1.5 and 4.3 +/- 1.8 ng/ml). These differences between total and free levels were also apparent for A and DA, but to a lesser degree. In three @entity0 , fluctuations in total NA concentration greater than 12 ng/ml were associated with either no change (one @entity0 ) or changes of 0.6 and 2.8 ng/ml in free levels for the other two @entity0 , respectively. Mean blood pressure (BP) varied less than 8 mmHg in these @entity0 . These findings suggest that @entity2 conjugation is a dynamic process which may limit wide fluctuations in free CA concentration during episodic secretory activity in phaeochromocytoma.

title: @entity2 conjugation limits fluctuations in free XXXX in phaeochromocytoma.

answer: @entity6


abstract: More than 80% of total @entity4 (NA) and @entity5 (A) and nearly 100% of @entity3 (DA) circulate in blood as @entity7 , and it has been proposed that @entity2 conjugation contributes to the inactivation of @entity6 (CA). @entity2 conjugation rapidly responds to changes in sympathetic activity and may buffer the haemodynamic and metabolic consequences of wide fluctuations in CA release in phaeochromocytoma. This hypothesis was tested in seven @entity0 with phaeochromocytoma by consecutive measurements of plasma-free and conjugated NA, under resting conditions, before operation and at least 4 weeks after @entity1 removal. Free and total (free + @entity7 ) NA were markedly elevated before compared with 1-4 months after surgery. Similar elevations were seen in free and total A and free DA. Before surgery consecutive measurements of total NA, 5 min apart, were markedly different (17 +/- 4.1 and 13.7 +/- 4.4 ng/ml, respectively), whereas only small differences in free NA levels were present (4.1 +/- 1.5 and 4.3 +/- 1.8 ng/ml). These differences between total and free levels were also apparent for A and DA, but to a lesser degree. In three @entity0 , fluctuations in total NA concentration greater than 12 ng/ml were associated with either no change (one @entity0 ) or changes of 0.6 and 2.8 ng/ml in free levels for the other two @entity0 , respectively. Mean blood pressure (BP) varied less than 8 mmHg in these @entity0 . These findings suggest that @entity2 conjugation is a dynamic process which may limit wide fluctuations in free CA concentration during episodic secretory activity in phaeochromocytoma.

title: XXXX conjugation limits fluctuations in free @entity6 in phaeochromocytoma.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity1 @entity2 (tubes and "buttons") are used extensively for long-term feeding and administration of special diets and medications. However, their potential for harboring microorganisms and possibly compromising the host largely is unknown. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the microbial species in viable biofilms attached to these devices in a pediatric cohort. METHODS: A total of 78 domains on 18 @entity1 @entity2 (12 "buttons" and 6 tubes converted to skin level devices), previously used for feeding (3 to 47 months) in @entity0 ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years were analyzed for microbial content. Biofilms were removed from the @entity1 tube surfaces and inoculated into enriched nutrient media using standard procedures. Intact biofilms also were observed using @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and confocal scanning laser microscopy. RESULTS: All devices analyzed in this investigation were found to exhibit biofilm growth. Of the 24 identified bacterial species, the predominant genera included Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Control studies of the tubes under @entity3 showed a multitude of crevices serving as niches for microbial colonization. Observation of the attached biofilm by @entity3 showed various biomasses with numerous morphologies. CONCLUSIONS: Biofilm composition and attachment to @entity1 enteral access devices has not received appropriate attention previously. This study shows that devices are colonized with various bacteria and fungi posing a potential threat to @entity0 , particularly those who are immunocompromised. These microorganisms also may play a significant role in the formation of granulation tissue and contribute to device failure.

title: Isolation and identification of biofilm microorganisms from XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity1 @entity2 (tubes and "buttons") are used extensively for long-term feeding and administration of special diets and medications. However, their potential for harboring microorganisms and possibly compromising the host largely is unknown. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the microbial species in viable biofilms attached to these devices in a pediatric cohort. METHODS: A total of 78 domains on 18 @entity1 @entity2 (12 "buttons" and 6 tubes converted to skin level devices), previously used for feeding (3 to 47 months) in @entity0 ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years were analyzed for microbial content. Biofilms were removed from the @entity1 tube surfaces and inoculated into enriched nutrient media using standard procedures. Intact biofilms also were observed using @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and confocal scanning laser microscopy. RESULTS: All devices analyzed in this investigation were found to exhibit biofilm growth. Of the 24 identified bacterial species, the predominant genera included Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Control studies of the tubes under @entity3 showed a multitude of crevices serving as niches for microbial colonization. Observation of the attached biofilm by @entity3 showed various biomasses with numerous morphologies. CONCLUSIONS: Biofilm composition and attachment to @entity1 enteral access devices has not received appropriate attention previously. This study shows that devices are colonized with various bacteria and fungi posing a potential threat to @entity0 , particularly those who are immunocompromised. These microorganisms also may play a significant role in the formation of granulation tissue and contribute to device failure.

title: Isolation and identification of biofilm microorganisms from @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laproscopic surgery is widely used in treating @entity5 . This study investigated the clinical result, short-term outcomes, and cost analysis of the newly developed gasless laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (GLADG) and compared it with conventional open distal gastrectomy (ODG). METHODS: Seventy-five @entity0 underwent distal gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection for early @entity6 from December 2005 to January 2008. Thirty-one @entity0 underwent GLADG and 44 underwent ODG. @entity4 , @entity7 use, disease-free and overall survival, and surgical and hospital costs were measured postoperatively and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: @entity0 in the two groups were comparable by age, sex, body mass index, @entity1 size, @entity1 location, @entity1 staging, and operative time. The GLADG group had early start of oral intake and shorter postoperative hospital stay (P   <   .05). There was less morphine use from postoperative day 1 to 4 in the GLADG group than in the ODG group (P   <   .05), and body temperature from postoperative day 1 to 2 was lower in the GLADG than in the ODG group (P   <   .05). Cost analysis showed that operation cost (100,242        5385 versus 36,455        1419) and equipment cost (65,909        5385 versus 2122        1419) was higher in the GLADG group, but its total hospital cost (193,552        12,715 versus 206,676        41,920) was lower than in the ODG group (P   <   .05). The 2-year disease-free and overall survival rates were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: GLADG is feasible for early @entity6 . It is advantageous because of @entity2 , less postoperative inflammatory response, less @entity3 , and shorter total hospital stay while achieving the same oncologic results as ODG.

title: Gasless laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for early XXXX : analysis of initial results.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We discuss in this work the role of @entity2 biofilms in the clinical setting by reviewing the most recent findings on this topic. @entity2 can produce in vitro an extracellular hydrophobic matrix with typical biofilm characteristics under all static conditions tested, i.e., agar media, @entity5 and bronchial epithelial cells. Under static conditions the mycelial growth is greater than in shaken, submerged conditions. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of @entity8 , a-1,3-glucans, @entity7 and @entity9 , melanin and proteins including major antigens and hydrophobins. Typical biofilm structures were observed in the aspergillomas from two @entity0 and in a @entity1 model of @entity10 . The results indicate that a-1,3-glucans plays a predominant role in the agglutination of the hyphae together in aerial conditions, and that nutrient starvation was responsible for @entity3 in aspergilloma. Melanin was produced during the infection, suggesting that this pigment is necessary for lung tissue invasion. All antifungal drugs are significantly less effective when A. fumigatus is grown under biofilm vs. @entity4 . Chronic persistence of a unique genotype of A. fumigatus in the respiratory tract of CF- @entity0 and the presence of an ECM in vivo may have some therapeutical application for @entity6 . The most appropriate antifungal drug should not be selected only on the basis of its efficiency to kill in vitro grown fungal cells, but also on its ability to penetrate the ECM.

title: XXXX biofilms in the clinical setting.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To test the effect of a noncaustic concentration of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in a standardized smear layer model. METHODOLOGY: The smear layer dissolution kinetics of 0.5% @entity3 on @entity0 dentine were compared to those of 2.25% @entity3 and 17% @entity1 ( @entity1 ) solutions. Coronal dentine discs were prepared from six @entity0 maxillary molars. A standardized smear layer was produced on the pulpal side of each disc. The smear layer-covered surface was divided into three similar areas and then exposed to one of the three solutions tested. Co-site image sequences (around 40, 500  ) of the specific areas were obtained after four cumulative demineralisation times (15, 30, 60 and 180 s). An image processing and analysis sequence measured sets of images, providing data of area fraction (AF, dentine-free area in % of total analysis area). A general linear model for repeated measures was used to verify the influence of time and solution type over the change in AF from baseline (/\AF). RESULTS: Overall, @entity1 and 2.25% @entity3 produced higher /\AF values than the 0.5% @entity3 solution (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in /\AF between 15 s and 30 s (P > 0.05). After 60 s of etching, all tested solutions produced similar /\AF (P > 0.05), whereas at 180 s, /\AF of both @entity1 and 2.25% @entity3 continued to increase (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: After 60 s of contact, the 0.5% @entity3 solution dissolved smear layer as well as 2.25% @entity3 and 17% @entity1 .

title: Smear layer dissolution by XXXX of low concentration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: As cutaneous pigment-producing cells, melanocytes can become targets of primary and secondary immune response as can be seen in @entity1 and @entity7 . @entity3 have previously been implicated as a possible precipitating factor in the destruction of melanocytes in these disorders. During viral replication, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced as an intermediate metabolite, which induces antiviral and inflammatory responses through @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in cells of innate immune system. The functional responses of melanocytes to dsRNA, however, remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that @entity0 melanocytes expressed @entity6 at a constitutive and inducible level. Stimulation with poly(I:C), a synthetic dsRNA analogue, triggered apoptosis of melanocytes. The apoptosis-inducing effect was shown by RNA interference to be largely dependent on @entity6 , but occurred independently of NF-kB activation since treatment with specific NF-kB inhibitor @entity9 failed to prevent the process. In contrast, @entity4 neutralizing Ab blocked the apoptosis-inducing effect of dsRNA, indicating the involvement of @entity4 autocrine signalling. Furthermore, studies on the intracellular signal transduction pathways revealed that dsRNA induces the activation of @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity8 in melanocytes. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that activation of @entity5 and @entity2 controlled both @entity4 secretion and @entity4 mediated cell death. Taken together, these data suggest that viral dsRNA stimulates @entity6 in @entity0 melanocytes and triggers the cellular apoptosis through autocrine of @entity4 .

title: Double-stranded RNA induces melanocyte death via activation of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) due to @entity8 in 46,XX @entity0 is characterized by primary @entity10 , absent or incomplete sexual maturation, @entity5 , low serum levels of @entity2 , and elevated @entity9 (P). There were no previous reports of singleton live births from such @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the first successful singleton live birth in a female with @entity7 due to @entity8 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 26-year-old Brazilian @entity0 with @entity7 associated with @entity8 due to the compound heterozygote mutation ( @entity13 / @entity14 ) in the @entity12 gene expressed the desire to conceive. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was recommended due to the @entity3 . The first attempt of treatment failed despite the production of viable embryos. At the second @entity1 attempt, all viable embryos were frozen due to inadequate endometrial development associated with prematurely elevated serum P during ovarian stimulation. Subsequently, a long-acting GnRH agonist and oral @entity6 were used to lower ovarian and adrenal P overproduction. Once serum levels of P were < 1 ng/mL, endometrial preparation with @entity11 and frozen-thawed embryo transfer were performed, resulting in a singleton pregnancy. @entity2 supplementation was completely suspended by 14 weeks of gestation. She delivered at 30 weeks and 4 days due to @entity4 . The puerperium was uneventful; the newborn was discharged in good conditions 5 weeks after birth. CONCLUSION: A successful live birth was achieved in a @entity0 with 17-hydroxylase deficiency through @entity1 , cryopreservation of all embryos, and frozen-thawed embryo transfer after adequate endometrial preparation.

title: Successful Live Birth in a @entity0 With XXXX Through @entity1 Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer.

answer: @entity8


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) due to @entity8 in 46,XX @entity0 is characterized by primary @entity10 , absent or incomplete sexual maturation, @entity5 , low serum levels of @entity2 , and elevated @entity9 (P). There were no previous reports of singleton live births from such @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the first successful singleton live birth in a female with @entity7 due to @entity8 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 26-year-old Brazilian @entity0 with @entity7 associated with @entity8 due to the compound heterozygote mutation ( @entity13 / @entity14 ) in the @entity12 gene expressed the desire to conceive. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was recommended due to the @entity3 . The first attempt of treatment failed despite the production of viable embryos. At the second @entity1 attempt, all viable embryos were frozen due to inadequate endometrial development associated with prematurely elevated serum P during ovarian stimulation. Subsequently, a long-acting GnRH agonist and oral @entity6 were used to lower ovarian and adrenal P overproduction. Once serum levels of P were < 1 ng/mL, endometrial preparation with @entity11 and frozen-thawed embryo transfer were performed, resulting in a singleton pregnancy. @entity2 supplementation was completely suspended by 14 weeks of gestation. She delivered at 30 weeks and 4 days due to @entity4 . The puerperium was uneventful; the newborn was discharged in good conditions 5 weeks after birth. CONCLUSION: A successful live birth was achieved in a @entity0 with 17-hydroxylase deficiency through @entity1 , cryopreservation of all embryos, and frozen-thawed embryo transfer after adequate endometrial preparation.

title: Successful Live Birth in a @entity0 With @entity8 Through XXXX Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) due to @entity8 in 46,XX @entity0 is characterized by primary @entity10 , absent or incomplete sexual maturation, @entity5 , low serum levels of @entity2 , and elevated @entity9 (P). There were no previous reports of singleton live births from such @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the first successful singleton live birth in a female with @entity7 due to @entity8 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 26-year-old Brazilian @entity0 with @entity7 associated with @entity8 due to the compound heterozygote mutation ( @entity13 / @entity14 ) in the @entity12 gene expressed the desire to conceive. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was recommended due to the @entity3 . The first attempt of treatment failed despite the production of viable embryos. At the second @entity1 attempt, all viable embryos were frozen due to inadequate endometrial development associated with prematurely elevated serum P during ovarian stimulation. Subsequently, a long-acting GnRH agonist and oral @entity6 were used to lower ovarian and adrenal P overproduction. Once serum levels of P were < 1 ng/mL, endometrial preparation with @entity11 and frozen-thawed embryo transfer were performed, resulting in a singleton pregnancy. @entity2 supplementation was completely suspended by 14 weeks of gestation. She delivered at 30 weeks and 4 days due to @entity4 . The puerperium was uneventful; the newborn was discharged in good conditions 5 weeks after birth. CONCLUSION: A successful live birth was achieved in a @entity0 with 17-hydroxylase deficiency through @entity1 , cryopreservation of all embryos, and frozen-thawed embryo transfer after adequate endometrial preparation.

title: Successful Live Birth in a XXXX With @entity8 Through @entity1 Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 plants grown in paddy fields preferentially use @entity6 as a source of inorganic @entity5 . @entity3 synthetase (GS) catalyses the conversion of @entity6 to @entity3 . Of the three genes encoding cytosolic GS in @entity2 , OsGS1;1 is critical for normal growth and grain filling. However, the basis of its physiological function that may alter the rate of @entity5 assimilation and @entity1 metabolism within the context of metabolic networks remains unclear. To address this issue, we carried out quantitative comparative analyses between the metabolite profiles of a @entity2 mutant lacking OsGS1;1 and its background @entity0 ( @entity0 ). The mutant plants exhibited severe retardation of shoot growth in the presence of @entity6 compared with the @entity0 . Overaccumulation of free @entity6 in the leaf sheath and roots of the mutant indicated the importance of OsGS1;1 for @entity6 assimilation in both organs. The metabolite profiles of the mutant line revealed: (i) an imbalance in levels of @entity7 , @entity4 and metabolites in the @entity8 cycle, and (ii) overaccumulation of secondary metabolites, particularly in the roots under a continuous supply of @entity6 . Metabolite-to-metabolite correlation analysis revealed the presence of mutant-specific networks between @entity9 and other primary metabolites in the roots. These results demonstrated a crucial function of OsGS1;1 in coordinating the global metabolic network in @entity2 plants grown using @entity6 as the @entity5 source.

title: Metabolomics data reveal a crucial role of cytosolic @entity3 synthetase 1;1 in coordinating metabolic balance in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 plants grown in paddy fields preferentially use @entity6 as a source of inorganic @entity5 . @entity3 synthetase (GS) catalyses the conversion of @entity6 to @entity3 . Of the three genes encoding cytosolic GS in @entity2 , OsGS1;1 is critical for normal growth and grain filling. However, the basis of its physiological function that may alter the rate of @entity5 assimilation and @entity1 metabolism within the context of metabolic networks remains unclear. To address this issue, we carried out quantitative comparative analyses between the metabolite profiles of a @entity2 mutant lacking OsGS1;1 and its background @entity0 ( @entity0 ). The mutant plants exhibited severe retardation of shoot growth in the presence of @entity6 compared with the @entity0 . Overaccumulation of free @entity6 in the leaf sheath and roots of the mutant indicated the importance of OsGS1;1 for @entity6 assimilation in both organs. The metabolite profiles of the mutant line revealed: (i) an imbalance in levels of @entity7 , @entity4 and metabolites in the @entity8 cycle, and (ii) overaccumulation of secondary metabolites, particularly in the roots under a continuous supply of @entity6 . Metabolite-to-metabolite correlation analysis revealed the presence of mutant-specific networks between @entity9 and other primary metabolites in the roots. These results demonstrated a crucial function of OsGS1;1 in coordinating the global metabolic network in @entity2 plants grown using @entity6 as the @entity5 source.

title: Metabolomics data reveal a crucial role of cytosolic XXXX synthetase 1;1 in coordinating metabolic balance in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for @entity2 in older inpatients post- @entity0 . DESIGN: Longitudinal. SUBJECTS: A total of 81 inpatients with @entity0 aged 65   years or older were recruited at four centres in England. MAIN MEASURES: At phase 1 the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale were administered and then the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity1 4th edition (phase 2). The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was repeated a median of seven days later (phase 3). RESULTS: Internal reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was high (a   =   0.95) and test-retest reliability acceptable (  B   =   0.53). Construct validity was evident relative to the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale - Anxiety subscale (  B   =   0.61). At a cut off of 6/7, sensitivity of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was 0.88, specificity 0.84, with respect to the Structured Clinical Interview @entity2 diagnosis. Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale - Anxiety subscale sensitivity was 0.88, specificity 0.54 at the optimum cut off of 5/6. A comparison of the areas under the curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristics for the two instruments indicated that the area under the curve of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was significantly larger than that of the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale - Anxiety subscale, supporting its superiority. CONCLUSIONS: The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is an internally consistent, reliable (stable) and valid instrument with acceptable sensitivity and specificity to screen for @entity2 in older inpatients with @entity0 .

title: A study of the validity and the reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for XXXX after @entity0 in older inpatients.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for @entity2 in older inpatients post- @entity0 . DESIGN: Longitudinal. SUBJECTS: A total of 81 inpatients with @entity0 aged 65   years or older were recruited at four centres in England. MAIN MEASURES: At phase 1 the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale were administered and then the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity1 4th edition (phase 2). The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was repeated a median of seven days later (phase 3). RESULTS: Internal reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was high (a   =   0.95) and test-retest reliability acceptable (  B   =   0.53). Construct validity was evident relative to the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale - Anxiety subscale (  B   =   0.61). At a cut off of 6/7, sensitivity of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was 0.88, specificity 0.84, with respect to the Structured Clinical Interview @entity2 diagnosis. Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale - Anxiety subscale sensitivity was 0.88, specificity 0.54 at the optimum cut off of 5/6. A comparison of the areas under the curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristics for the two instruments indicated that the area under the curve of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was significantly larger than that of the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale - Anxiety subscale, supporting its superiority. CONCLUSIONS: The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is an internally consistent, reliable (stable) and valid instrument with acceptable sensitivity and specificity to screen for @entity2 in older inpatients with @entity0 .

title: A study of the validity and the reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for @entity2 after XXXX in older inpatients.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effects of thyroid hormone levels and @entity3 levels on prognosis in @entity0 undergoing congenital heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). STUDY DESIGN: The study included 41 consecutive @entity0 (19 @entity0 , 22 @entity0 ; mean age 3.4    3.1 years; range 0.3 to 12 years). The @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of postoperative @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The definition of @entity5 included @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity1 , and increased plasma @entity4 level. Plasma total (tT4) and free (fT4) @entity8 , total (tT3) and free (fT3) @entity7 , thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) levels were measured preoperatively and at 48 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Postoperatively, nine @entity0 (22%) developed @entity5 . While the two groups were similar with respect to preoperative levels of thyroid hormones, @entity4 , and @entity3 , postoperative tT3 and fT3 levels were significantly lower, and @entity4 and @entity3 levels were significantly higher in the @entity5 group (p<0.05). In correlation analysis, postoperative @entity3 level showed significant correlations with CPB time (r=0.66), duration of mechanical ventilation (r=0.68), and inotropic requirement (r=0.59) (for all p<0.001). On the other hand, @entity5 was significantly correlated with the following: preoperative tT4 (r=-0.32, p=0.043) and postoperative fT3 (r=-0.44, p=0.004) levels, duration of mechanical ventilation (r=0.56, p<0.001), intensive care unit stay (r=0.45, p=0.003), and cross-clamp time (r=0.43, p=0.005). Regression analysis showed preoperative level of tT4 as the independent predictor of @entity5 (t=-2.092, p=0.045). Mortality occurred in four @entity0 (9.8%) in the early postoperative period, all of whom were in the @entity5 group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the development of @entity5 after congenital heart surgery is associated with decreased total and free T3, and increased @entity3 levels at 48 hours, and preoperative tT4 level is an independent predictor of @entity5 .

title: [The effects of thyroid hormones and XXXX levels on prognosis after congenital heart surgery].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Plants use different signalling pathways to acclimate to changing environmental conditions. Fast changes in the concentration of free @entity0 ions - so called @entity0 signals - are among the first responses to many stress situations. These signals are decoded by different types of @entity3 -dependent protein kinases, which - together with mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) - present two major pathways that are widely used to adapt the cellular metabolism to a changing environment. @entity0 -dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and MAPK pathways are known to be involved in signalling of abiotic and biotic stress in animal, @entity2 and plant cells. In many cases both pathways are activated in response to the same stimuli leading to the question of a potential cross-talk between those pathways. Cross-talk between @entity0 -dependent and MAPK signalling pathways has been elaborately studied in animal cells, but it has hardly been investigated in plants. Early studies of CDPKs involved in the biotic stress response in @entity1 indicated a cross-talk of CDPK and MAPK activities, whereas a recent study in @entity4 revealed that CDPKs and MAPKs act differentially in innate immune signalling and showed no direct cross-talk between CDPK and MAPK activities. Similar results were also reported for CDPK and MAPK activities in the salt stress response in @entity4 . Different modes of action are furthermore supported by the different subcellular localization of the involved kinases. In this review, we discuss recent findings on CDPK and MAPK signalling with respect to potential cross-talk and the subcellular localization of the involved components.

title: Cross-talk of XXXX -dependent protein kinase and MAP kinase signaling.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the outcome of two kinds of diameter hollow screws for the treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: From June 2008 to June 2013, 117 @entity0 with @entity3 were treated by closed reduction and hollow screws fixation. Among them,48 @entity0 were fixed by 6.5 mm screw including 30 males and 18 females with an average age of (45.61    11.99) years old ranging from 19 to 60 years old, involving 17 cases in Garden I/II and 31 cases in @entity4 ; 69 @entity0 were fixed by 8.0 mm screw including 40 males and 29 females with an average age of (45.17    9.95) years old ranging from 18 to 60 years old, involving 31 cases in Garden I/II and 38 cases in @entity4 . The general information, operative time, hospital stay time, reduction quality, diameter of femoral head and neck, @entity1 healing time, the rate of @entity1 healing, @entity2 were recorded and evaluated. Harris scoring was used to evaluate the hip joint function. RESULTS: All @entity0 were followed up for 19.6 months (18 to 24 months). The difference of operative time, duration of hospitalization, quality of reduction were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no difference between two groups about the average diameter of the femoral head and neck, the @entity1 healing time, the rate of @entity2 (P > 0.05). There were no difference between two groups about Harris scale. There were significant difference between @entity4 and I /II (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Closed reduction and internal fixation with hollow screw in treating the young adult @entity0 with @entity3 is the first choice, both different diameters hollow screws could meet the requirements of fixation of @entity3 , and not affect on @entity1 healing @entity2 .

title: [Comparison of different diameter hollow screw for the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of supplementary traditional food on pregnant @entity0 were investigated in a clinical trial in Islamshahr, a suburban area 35 km southwest of Tehran. The study comprised 53 healthy mothers who were neither addicts nor on medication and were free from @entity1 . The pregnant mothers' health was evaluated by their @entity3 , that of lactating mothers by breast milk adequacy, and that of newborns by their weight at birth. The experimental group received traditional food ( @entity2 -milk porridge, lentils, pottage, cheese, yogurt, eggs, and milk with bread), supplying an extra 400 kcal energy and 15 g protein from the fourth month of pregnancy until childbirth. All subjects were weighed monthly. To ascertain breast milk sufficiency, the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the growth trend of @entity0 were surveyed. The study showed the @entity3 in the experimental and control groups to be 11.0 +/- 2.9 and 8.5 +/- 3 kg respectively; the difference was 29.4% and statistically significant (p < 0.02). The confounding variables (energy and protein intake, age, height, BMI, age at first pregnancy, parity, last pregnancy spacing, number of @entity0 , number of miscarriages, duration of residence in the area, family size, education, housing, occupation of the mother or her husband) did not reveal any significant differences. Maternal @entity3 was higher in the experimental compared to the control group. Birth weights in experimental and control groups were 3.33 +/- 0.4 and 3.08 +/- 0.3 kg, respectively. This difference, which amounts to 8.1%, was statistically significant (p < 0.05). While the two groups of newborns had equal breastfeeding duration, heights and weights of newborns were significantly higher in the experimental group. This was also confirmed when compared to the NCHS figures.

title: Effect of traditional food supplementation during pregnancy on maternal XXXX and birthweight.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 and @entity2 were used in combination to produce immunosuppression in 18 pediatric recipients of renal allografts. Ten @entity0 received cadaveric kidneys and eight received kidneys from living related donors. With a mean follow-up of 16.5 months (range 7 to 33 months), the @entity0 survival rate is 100% (18 of 18) and the graft survival rate is 83% (15 of 18). Two grafts were lost for nonimmunologic reasons. Currently the group mean (+/- SE) serum @entity4 concentration is 1.22 +/- 0.11 mg/dl and @entity4 clearance is 69.3 +/- 4.79 ml/ @entity3 .73 m2. @entity1 nephrotoxicity has not caused irreversible allograft injury nor led to graft loss in this population. The incidence of treated rejection episodes has been 39% (seven of 18). Only 39% (seven of 18) of @entity0 have required hospital readmissions since the initial transplant discharge. There have been no @entity5 . In the 15 @entity0 with functioning grafts, some linear growth has occurred in 10 of 11 prepubertal and two of four postpubertal @entity0 . @entity1 and @entity2 have constituted a safe, efficacious immunosuppressive regimen for pediatric renal allograft recipients. Longer follow-up will be necessary to confirm whether these advantages persist beyond 2 years.

title: Use of XXXX in pediatric renal transplant recipients.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In most developed countries, @entity1 is a socially tolerated drug. Nevertheless, its consumption is associated with several negative side-effects during anaesthesia. In surgical @entity0 the prevalence of @entity2 exceeds 20%. @entity4 and acute @entity2 have an important impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality and especially on anaesthetic risk, due to pharmacological interactions, pathophysiological changes and direct pharmacological interactivities between @entity1 and narcotics. Symptoms of @entity1 withdrawal are a serious and potentially life-threatening complication and should be avoided or the risk for occurrence should at least be reduced. @entity0 with a high risk of developing perioperative symptoms of @entity1 withdrawal can be detected by laboratory tests and questionnaires. The most important implication for anaesthesia is the choice of a rapid sequence induction to reduce the risk of @entity3 and the maintenance of haemodynamic stability and liver perfusion. Maintaining body temperature and providing intensive postoperative surveillance and care are necessary. The indications for regional anaesthesia are the same as for other @entity0 (cooperativeness, coagulation, consent, etc.). In general, awareness of possible interactions can reduce perioperative complications and improve postoperative outcome.

title: [Managing anesthesia in the alcoholic XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the plasma level of soluble @entity2 (sST2) and related influencing factors, and establish its reference value in the healthy community-based population in Beijing area of China. METHODS: We measured plasma sST2 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay between March 2012 and August 2012 in 1 334 healthy subjects in communities, including 597 males and 737 females. Empiric and quantile regression methods were used to determine the reference range of plasma sST2. A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the factors that might affect the level of plasma sST2. RESULTS: Gender is the most important factor affecting the plasma level of sST2 in healthy @entity0 . Plasma level of sST2 is significantly higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 (P < 0.01). Within each age strata, i.e. < 45, 45-54, 55-64, >=  65 years old, the plasma levels of sST2 were significantly higher in @entity0 than age-matched female (all P < 0.01). Age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and smoking did not affect plasma sST2 level. Reference range of sST2 was 5.7-53.5   g/L for @entity0 and 4.4-42.4   g/L for @entity0 (95% nonparametric reference interval). The one-side upper 95th percentile value of sST2 to discriminate the @entity1 from healthy state was 47.2   g/L for @entity0 and 37.2   g/L for @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study established the normal reference range of plasma sST2 in healthy community-based population. The major influencing factor of sST2 level in healthy population is gender.

title: [Reference value and clinical correlates of soluble XXXX in healthy community-based Chinese population].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 tends to occur in @entity0 with @entity1 . We reviewed all cases of @entity7 documented in adults at Bellevue Hospital during the years 1975-1982. Unexpectedly, the most frequent underlying disease found among bacteremic @entity0 was @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity0 with @entity4 accounted for 6 of 30 @entity5 as compared with 13 of 2,388 non-Salmonella gram-negative @entity5 . Salmonella was the single most frequent gram-negative isolate from the blood of @entity4 @entity0 . All @entity4 @entity0 with @entity7 were bacteremic. In contrast, isolates from blood represented only 23% of all @entity7 documented in the non- @entity4 population. Presentation was characterized by fever (greater than 103 degrees F) and @entity3 . Four of the 6 @entity0 were @entity6 . All were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. We conclude that @entity4 @entity0 in a municipal hospital setting are at increased risk for @entity2 . This should be considered when empiric antibiotic therapy is initiated.

title: XXXX in @entity4 . Eight-year experience at a municipal hospital.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 tends to occur in @entity0 with @entity1 . We reviewed all cases of @entity7 documented in adults at Bellevue Hospital during the years 1975-1982. Unexpectedly, the most frequent underlying disease found among bacteremic @entity0 was @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity0 with @entity4 accounted for 6 of 30 @entity5 as compared with 13 of 2,388 non-Salmonella gram-negative @entity5 . Salmonella was the single most frequent gram-negative isolate from the blood of @entity4 @entity0 . All @entity4 @entity0 with @entity7 were bacteremic. In contrast, isolates from blood represented only 23% of all @entity7 documented in the non- @entity4 population. Presentation was characterized by fever (greater than 103 degrees F) and @entity3 . Four of the 6 @entity0 were @entity6 . All were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. We conclude that @entity4 @entity0 in a municipal hospital setting are at increased risk for @entity2 . This should be considered when empiric antibiotic therapy is initiated.

title: @entity5 in XXXX . Eight-year experience at a municipal hospital.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this symposium was to bring together the disciplines of clinical neurology and metabolic investigation and to present the most up-to-date information about specific @entity1 associated with @entity2 . Understanding the etiology of @entity3 is the key to rational intervention. It is only with this insight that progress in the treatment of these @entity0 can be made. In the past, many @entity2 were described by their clinical features, without understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. In the future, it is hoped that the genetic and metabolic bases of these syndromes will be more completely defined such that reliable diagnostic and effective treatment methods are available. Most of the tests listed in Table 2 should not be performed without due consideration of the history, clinical findings, and results of prior studies. This article is intended to aid clinicians in reviewing potential metabolic diagnoses and to approaching metabolic evaluations in an economical, logical, and comprehensive manner. Although the field of @entity1 may be in its infancy, many of these disorders can be identified and treated. The task for investigators is to provide the armamentarium of diagnostic tools to clinicians to ensure that a @entity1 is not overlooked. There must be a common ground that links clinicians and basic researchers in an evolving and collaborative manner.

title: Metabolic evaluation of XXXX : summary recommendations of the Amalfi Group.

answer: @entity2