abstract: The clinical characteristics of elderly @entity0 with multiple @entity2 were studied. A total of 481 @entity0 , in whom the exact location of their @entity4 could be confirmed, were classified into two age groups, that is, those aged 59 years or younger (group 1: 247 cases, 51%) and those aged 60 years or older (group 2: 234 cases, 49%). The incidences of @entity3 were 30% for group 1 and 27% for group 2. This difference is statistically not significant. The rate of @entity3 was less frequent in males than in females in group 2, whereas no difference could be found in group 1. The age distribution of @entity0 with @entity3 was basically similar to that of @entity0 with single @entity3 . While the highest @entity1 rate was observed in the anterior communicating @entity2 of both groups, this tendency was more prominent in group 2 (79%) than in group 1 (59%). The @entity1 rates for other sites in group 2 were 50% for @entity2 , 40% for internal carotid @entity2 and 28% for @entity2 . The pattern of surgical outcome showed no major differences between multiple and single @entity3 in either group 1 or 2. However, group 1 had better surgical results than group 2. Even though the surgical outcome for @entity3 in elderly @entity0 was satisfactory, awareness of the probability of @entity1 at each site is helpful, especially when it is necessary to decide whether @entity3 should be operated on or not.

title: @entity2 in elderly XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 is one of the fundamental aspects of the immune system. The @entity1 (+) @entity9 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells have emerged as key players in the development of tolerance to self and foreign antigens. However, little is known about the endogenous factors and mechanisms controlling their suppressive capacity on immune response. In this study, we observed that @entity11 ( @entity12 ), an n-3 @entity13 , diminished, in a dose-dependent manner, the capacity of Treg cells to inhibit the @entity1 (+) @entity9 (-) effector T-cell proliferation. @entity12 not only reduced the migration of Treg cells toward chemokines but also downregulated the mRNA expression of @entity16 and @entity2 in Treg cells. @entity12 also curtailed @entity7 and Akt phosphorylation and downregulated the @entity14 levels in these cells. Contradictorily, @entity12 upregulated the mRNA expression of @entity0 , @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity3 ; nonetheless, this @entity4 increased the expression of @entity5 ( @entity15 ) mRNA, known to be involved in Treg cell unresponsiveness. In @entity0 -immunoprepitated nuclear proteins, @entity12 upregulated histone desacetylase 7 levels that would again participate in the unresposnsiveness of these cells. Finally, a @entity12 -enriched diet also diminished, ex vivo, the suppressive capacity of Treg cells. Altogether, these results suggest that @entity12 , by diminishing Treg cell functions, may play a key role in health and disease.

title: @entity11 reduces suppressive and migratory functions of @entity1 + XXXX + regulatory T-cells.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity6 is one of the fundamental aspects of the immune system. The @entity1 (+) @entity9 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells have emerged as key players in the development of tolerance to self and foreign antigens. However, little is known about the endogenous factors and mechanisms controlling their suppressive capacity on immune response. In this study, we observed that @entity11 ( @entity12 ), an n-3 @entity13 , diminished, in a dose-dependent manner, the capacity of Treg cells to inhibit the @entity1 (+) @entity9 (-) effector T-cell proliferation. @entity12 not only reduced the migration of Treg cells toward chemokines but also downregulated the mRNA expression of @entity16 and @entity2 in Treg cells. @entity12 also curtailed @entity7 and Akt phosphorylation and downregulated the @entity14 levels in these cells. Contradictorily, @entity12 upregulated the mRNA expression of @entity0 , @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity3 ; nonetheless, this @entity4 increased the expression of @entity5 ( @entity15 ) mRNA, known to be involved in Treg cell unresponsiveness. In @entity0 -immunoprepitated nuclear proteins, @entity12 upregulated histone desacetylase 7 levels that would again participate in the unresposnsiveness of these cells. Finally, a @entity12 -enriched diet also diminished, ex vivo, the suppressive capacity of Treg cells. Altogether, these results suggest that @entity12 , by diminishing Treg cell functions, may play a key role in health and disease.

title: XXXX reduces suppressive and migratory functions of @entity1 + @entity9 + regulatory T-cells.

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity6 is one of the fundamental aspects of the immune system. The @entity1 (+) @entity9 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells have emerged as key players in the development of tolerance to self and foreign antigens. However, little is known about the endogenous factors and mechanisms controlling their suppressive capacity on immune response. In this study, we observed that @entity11 ( @entity12 ), an n-3 @entity13 , diminished, in a dose-dependent manner, the capacity of Treg cells to inhibit the @entity1 (+) @entity9 (-) effector T-cell proliferation. @entity12 not only reduced the migration of Treg cells toward chemokines but also downregulated the mRNA expression of @entity16 and @entity2 in Treg cells. @entity12 also curtailed @entity7 and Akt phosphorylation and downregulated the @entity14 levels in these cells. Contradictorily, @entity12 upregulated the mRNA expression of @entity0 , @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity3 ; nonetheless, this @entity4 increased the expression of @entity5 ( @entity15 ) mRNA, known to be involved in Treg cell unresponsiveness. In @entity0 -immunoprepitated nuclear proteins, @entity12 upregulated histone desacetylase 7 levels that would again participate in the unresposnsiveness of these cells. Finally, a @entity12 -enriched diet also diminished, ex vivo, the suppressive capacity of Treg cells. Altogether, these results suggest that @entity12 , by diminishing Treg cell functions, may play a key role in health and disease.

title: @entity11 reduces suppressive and migratory functions of XXXX + @entity9 + regulatory T-cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lung transplant @entity0 survival has significantly improved over the last 2 decades, which has resulted in an increased incidence of @entity1 . We undertook a descriptive, retrospective study of our series of transplant @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The study included 129 transplantations from 1999 to 2006. Ten @entity0 (7.75%) developed 11 @entity1 processes during the follow-up period. RESULTS: In these 10 @entity0 with neoformative processes (group 1), 40% were male and 60% female, compared with 62% male and 38% female in the @entity1 -free group (group 2). The overall mean age was 50.5 +/- 15.4 years in group 1 and 48 +/- 14 years in group 2. The @entity1 were: lymphomas (2) and @entity1 in the urinary tract (2), colon (2), kidney (1), skin (2), breast (1), and native lung (1). The median time from organ transplantation to diagnosis was 21 +/- 16 months. Of the 10 @entity0 in group 1, 60% died, within a median of 9 months after diagnosis. Treatment consisted of surgery in 4 @entity0 , chemotherapy in 5, and chemoradiotherapy in 1. The immunosuppression was changed after @entity1 diagnosis in 30% of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacological immunomodulation caused a higher incidence of @entity1 , in addition to a worse prognosis for these diseases, which demonstrated the importance of adjusting the dose and searching for adequate therapeutic combinations.

title: Development of XXXX during lung transplantation follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The link between @entity7 and @entity2 is still a matter of debate. @entity7 can result in cycle disturbances, such as @entity3 . Additionally, several studies have shown that thyroid autoimmunity (detection of anti peroxydase antibodies) may account for the occurrence of repetitive miscarriages. In @entity2 work-up, screening thyroid function should be specifically recommended for @entity0 with @entity7 , with a personal, familial history of thyroid or other @entity5 (such as @entity9 ) as well as for @entity0 with unexplained @entity3 . Moreover, detection of thyroid antibody seems to be worthwhile for the assessment of recurrent miscarriages, due to the potential benefit of thyroid supplementation. In pregnant @entity0 , assessment of thyroid function seems specifically crucial to ensure adequate foetal development. Indeed, it has been well established that untreated @entity7 may be associated with disturbances of brain development and low intellectual quotient. Additionally, other foetal (growth deficiency, @entity4 , low birth weight) as well as maternal (gestational @entity1 , pre-eclampsia...) complications have been also reported in pregnant @entity0 with @entity7 . Consequently, screening of thyroid function should be performed in every @entity0 at risk of @entity6 . Recent studies even advocate that thyroid screening should be extended to the overall pregnant population. The objective is to adjust L-thyroxin supplementation to maintain serum TSH concentrations below the threshold of 2.5 mUI/l. Finally, @entity8 deficiency, currently observed in pregnant @entity0 , should be prevented by @entity8 supply prior to conception, during pregnancy and during breast feeding as well.

title: [ XXXX : from the desire for pregnancy to delivery].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Outpatient management of selected @entity0 with nonvariceal @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been proposed as a mechanism to decrease resource utilization and expenditures. However, the true prevalence and outcomes of this practice have not been well evaluated in population-based studies. METHODS: We identified a cohort of 9123 episodes of @entity1 in 2004 Medicare claims data, including 3506 (38.4%) managed as outpatients. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were compared between inpatient and outpatient groups. In order to adjust for potential selection bias in outpatient treatment, propensity score analysis was used to divide @entity0 into quartiles of likelihood for inpatient treatment. RESULTS: Inpatients tended to be older, with higher comorbidity scores, and were more likely to have a bleeding @entity2 or tear. Inpatients were also more likely to undergo endoscopy, including early endoscopy and therapeutics, and require surgery. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 8.0% in the inpatient group and 6.3% in the outpatient group (P< .001), and in the quartile of @entity0 most likely to be managed as inpatients, the 30-day mortality rate was higher in outpatients than in inpatients. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of outpatient management of @entity1 in the Medicare population was almost 40%, and although @entity0 were likely selected for outpatient management based on clinical criteria, the overall mortality rate in outpatients was considerable. Any potential financial benefit should be balanced against significant mortality rates, at least some of which could possibly be avoided with hospitalization. More optimal selection of candidates for outpatient therapy is likely needed.

title: Outpatient management of nonvariceal XXXX : unexpected mortality in Medicare beneficiaries.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 is the most common @entity6 . We studied its natural history and epidemiologic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics from a series of 54 cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study examines 54 cases collected over a 10-year-period. Diagnosis was based on clinical and histological criteria. RESULTS: @entity0 ' mean age was 47 years. The sex ratio was 8 @entity0 for every @entity0 . Disease developed most often in autumn and onset was sudden in all @entity0 . Untypical aspects were found in 20 @entity0 . Lesions were located mainly on the arms (43 cases) and legs (33 cases). No mucous membrane involvement was observed. Histological testing found @entity5 in 8 cases. @entity6 was idiopathic for 38 @entity0 . Lesions began at the site of previous @entity2 for 9 @entity0 , occurred during pregnancy for 2, and were associated with @entity1 for 3. First-line treatment was colchicine for 23 @entity0 and oral @entity3 for 12. Six @entity0 had recurrences and 2 @entity0 had relapses. COMMENTARY: This large series of @entity0 with @entity6 differs from other reports by the frequency of untypical aspects and post-traumatic forms, as well as the rarity of association with @entity1 . Histological findings of @entity4 do not rule out a diagnosis of @entity6 .

title: [ XXXX : retrospective study of 54 cases].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Understanding the acantholytic pathways leading to blistering in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a key to development of novel treatments. A novel paradigm of keratinocyte damage in @entity5 , termed apoptolysis, links the suprabasal acantholytic and cell @entity1 pathways to basal cell shrinkage rendering a 'tombstone' appearance to @entity5 . In contrast to apoptolysis, the classic keratinocyte apoptosis mediating @entity0 causes @entity1 and subsequent sloughing of the entire epidermis. Apoptolysis includes five consecutive steps. (1) Binding of autoantibodies to @entity5 antigens. (2) Activation of EGF receptor, @entity4 , @entity3 , p38 MAPK and other signalling elements downstream of ligated antigens, elevation of intracellular @entity2 and launching of the cell @entity1 cascades. (3) Basal cell shrinkage due to: (i) collapse and retraction of the tonofilaments cleaved by executioner caspases; and (ii) dissociation of interdesmosomal adhesion complexes caused by phosphorylation of adhesion molecules. (4) Massive cleavage of cellular proteins by activated cell @entity1 enzymes leading to cell collapse, and tearing off desmosomes from the cell membrane stimulating secondary autoantibody production. (5) Rounding up and @entity1 of acantholytic cells. Thus, the structural damage (acantholysis) and @entity1 (apoptosis) of keratinocytes are mediated by the same cell @entity1 enzymes. Appreciation of the unifying concept of apoptolysis have several important implications: (i) linking together a number of seemingly unrelated events surrounding acantholysis; (ii) opening new avenues of investigation into the pathomechanism of pemphigus; and (iii) creating new approaches to the treatment of pemphigus based on blocking the signalling pathways and enzymatic processes that lead to blistering.

title: Apoptolysis: a novel mechanism of skin blistering in XXXX linking the apoptotic pathways to basal cell shrinkage and suprabasal acantholysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is an uncommon cause of @entity1 due to a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity2 . Lumbar epidural blood-patch (LEBP) is the most effective treatment and can be repeated in case of relapse. There is no standard therapeutic strategy for @entity0 free of dural tears who fail to respond to several consecutive blood-patches. We report two cases of @entity3 successfully treated by an epidural saline infusion after two consecutive LEBP. CASE REPORTS: A 35-year-old @entity0 was admitted to hospital for severe @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity3 was retained. Two LEBP were performed but with no clinical benefit. @entity1 disappeared totally after an epidural saline infusion. A second @entity0 , aged 75 years, was admitted for chronic @entity1 . The CSF pressure was low. Search for a dural tear was negative. After two unsuccessful LEBPs, the @entity0 was treated with an epidural saline infusion. Her @entity1 resolved completely and definitely. DISCUSSION: It is common procedure to search for a dural tear when @entity0 fail to respond to several consecutive LEPB. Surgical repair is however exceptional. An epidural saline infusion might be an efficient therapeutic alternative despite the small number of cases reported in the literature.

title: [Treatment of spontaneous XXXX by epidural saline infusion].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies indicate that quality of life (QoL) is impaired in middle aged @entity0 . Assessment of QoL using a single validated tool in Latin American climacteric @entity0 has not been reported to date at large scale. OBJECTIVE: The @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was used to assess QoL among middle aged Latin American @entity0 and determine factors associated with severe menopausal symptoms ( @entity2 ). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 8373 healthy @entity0 aged 40-59 years, accompanying @entity0 to healthcare centres in 18 cities of 12 Latin American countries, were asked to fill out the @entity4 and a questionnaire containing socio-demographic, female and partner data. RESULTS: Mean age of the entire sample was 49.1+/-5.7 years (median 49), a 62.5% had 12 or less years of schooling, 48.8% were postmenopausal and 14.7% were on @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Mean total @entity4 score (n=8373) was 11.3+/-8.5 (median 10); for the somatic subscale, 4.1+/-3.4; the psychological subscale, 4.6+/-3.8 and the urogenital subscale, 2.5+/-2.7. The prevalence of @entity0 presenting moderate to severe total @entity4 scorings was high (>50%) in all countries, Chile and Uruguay being the ones with the highest percentages (80.8% and 67.4%, respectively). Logistic regression determined that impaired QoL (severe total @entity4 score > or =17) was associated with the use of alternatives therapies for menopause (OR: 1.47, 95% CI [1.22-1.76], p=0.0001), the use of psychiatric drugs (OR: 1.57, 95% CI [1.29-1.90], p=0.0001), attending a psychiatrist (OR: 1.66, 95% CI [1.41-1.96], p=0.0001), being postmenopausal (OR: 1.48, 95% CI [1.29-1.69, p=0.0001]), having 49 years or more (OR: 1.24, 95% CI [1.08-1.42], p=0.001), living at high altitude (OR: 1.43, 95% CI [1.25-1.62, p=0.0001]) and having a partner with @entity3 (OR: 1.69, 95% CI [1.47-1.94, p=0.0001]) or @entity5 (OR: 1.34, 95% CI [1.16-1.55, p=0.0001]). Lower risk for impaired QoL was related to living in a country with a lower income (OR: 0.77, 95% CI [0.68-0.88], p=0.0002), using @entity1 (OR: 0.65, 95% CI [0.56-0.76], p=0.0001) and engaging in healthy habits (OR: 0.59, 95% CI [0.50-0.69], p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge this is the first and largest study assessing QoL in a Latin American climacteric series with a high prevalence of impairment related to individual female and male characteristics and the demography of the studied population.

title: Impaired quality of life among middle aged XXXX : a multicentre Latin American study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previous research has shown a low incidence of @entity2 in @entity1 with screen-detected @entity0 when compared to @entity1 with symptomatic @entity0 . Farmer et al. suggested that this might be due to the way the diagnosis of @entity0 is given to @entity1 with screen-detected disease. In order to test this hypothesis a detailed, in-depth, qualitative study was undertaken. The sample consisted of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity0 (n=5), @entity1 with screen-detected invasive @entity0 (n=6) and @entity1 with screen-detected in-situ @entity0 (n=5). The 'bad news consultations' with the surgeons, and subsequent meetings with the breast care nurses (BCN), were tape recorded. The @entity1 were also interviewed in their own homes within 7 days. The results suggested that the @entity1 with screen-detected @entity0 received more reassurance than the @entity1 with symptomatic @entity0 and that the benefits of breast screening were emphasized by the surgeons and the BCNs. This led to minimization of the significance of screen-detected disease. @entity1 were found to draw on a new conceptual model of early curable @entity0 which appears to be associated with a low incidence of @entity2 .

title: The minimization to clients of screen-detected XXXX : a qualitative analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is an organism of interest because of its extensive industrial applications, its similarity to pathogenic organisms, and its role as the model organism for Gram-positive, sporulating bacteria. In this work, we introduce a new genome-scale metabolic model of @entity1 called iBsu1103. This new model is based on the annotated @entity1 genome generated by the SEED, one of the most up-to-date and accurate annotations of @entity1 available. RESULTS: The iBsu1103 model includes 1,437 reactions associated with 1,103 genes, making it the most complete model of @entity0 available. The model also includes Gibbs free energy change (DeltarG' degrees ) values for 1,403 (97%) of the model reactions estimated by using the group contribution method. These data were used with an improved reaction reversibility prediction method to identify 653 (45%) irreversible reactions in the model. The model was validated against an experimental dataset consisting of 1,500 distinct conditions and was optimized by using an improved model optimization method to increase model accuracy from 89.7% to 93.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Basing the iBsu1103 model on the annotations generated by the SEED significantly improved the model completeness and accuracy compared with the most recent previously published model. The enhanced accuracy of the iBsu1103 model also demonstrates the efficacy of the improved reaction directionality prediction method in accurately identifying irreversible reactions in the @entity0 metabolism. The proposed improved model optimization methodology was also demonstrated to be effective in minimally adjusting model content to improve model accuracy.

title: iBsu1103: a new genome-scale metabolic model of XXXX based on SEED annotations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the trends in lipid levels and awareness of @entity3 in @entity1 and normotensive population in Finland from 1982 to 97. DESIGN: Four independent cross-sectional population surveys conducted in 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. SETTING: The provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland and the region of Turku-Loimaa in south-western Finland. SUBJECTS: @entity0 and @entity0 aged 25-64 years, selected randomly from the national population register. The subjects were classified to four groups according to their blood pressure level and treatment status: normotensive, unaware @entity1 , aware but not treated @entity1 and treated @entity1 . The total number of @entity0 was 24 083. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the mean serum total @entity2 and HDL @entity2 concentrations, the prevalence of @entity3 (total @entity2 >/=6.5 mmol L-1 or the use of lipid-lowering drugs), the prevalence of a high ratio of total @entity2 to HDL @entity2 (ratio >/=5) and the awareness of @entity3 amongst the four study groups. RESULTS: Mean total @entity2 , the prevalence of @entity3 and the prevalence of a high ratio of total to HDL @entity2 decreased, whereas the awareness of @entity3 increased significantly in all study groups. The decline in mean total @entity2 was largest in treated @entity1 subjects of both sexes (13% in @entity0 , 14% in @entity0 ). Mean HDL @entity2 increased significantly in all study groups except in the unaware @entity1 @entity0 , but it remained significantly lower in treated @entity1 @entity0 in both sexes compared with the other groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile of both the @entity1 and normotensive population has significantly improved in both the @entity1 and normotensive population in Finland from 1982-97. The introduction of newer antihypertensive drugs has not had any effect on the HDL @entity2 level amongst treated @entity1 @entity0 at the population level.

title: Trends in lipid levels and XXXX in @entity1 and normotensive finnish adults from 1982 to 1997.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the trends in lipid levels and awareness of @entity3 in @entity1 and normotensive population in Finland from 1982 to 97. DESIGN: Four independent cross-sectional population surveys conducted in 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. SETTING: The provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland and the region of Turku-Loimaa in south-western Finland. SUBJECTS: @entity0 and @entity0 aged 25-64 years, selected randomly from the national population register. The subjects were classified to four groups according to their blood pressure level and treatment status: normotensive, unaware @entity1 , aware but not treated @entity1 and treated @entity1 . The total number of @entity0 was 24 083. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the mean serum total @entity2 and HDL @entity2 concentrations, the prevalence of @entity3 (total @entity2 >/=6.5 mmol L-1 or the use of lipid-lowering drugs), the prevalence of a high ratio of total @entity2 to HDL @entity2 (ratio >/=5) and the awareness of @entity3 amongst the four study groups. RESULTS: Mean total @entity2 , the prevalence of @entity3 and the prevalence of a high ratio of total to HDL @entity2 decreased, whereas the awareness of @entity3 increased significantly in all study groups. The decline in mean total @entity2 was largest in treated @entity1 subjects of both sexes (13% in @entity0 , 14% in @entity0 ). Mean HDL @entity2 increased significantly in all study groups except in the unaware @entity1 @entity0 , but it remained significantly lower in treated @entity1 @entity0 in both sexes compared with the other groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile of both the @entity1 and normotensive population has significantly improved in both the @entity1 and normotensive population in Finland from 1982-97. The introduction of newer antihypertensive drugs has not had any effect on the HDL @entity2 level amongst treated @entity1 @entity0 at the population level.

title: Trends in lipid levels and @entity3 in XXXX and normotensive finnish adults from 1982 to 1997.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize and review the result of surgical repair of @entity3 in @entity0 under 6 months of age. METHODS: Between January 1997 and December 2007, 1387 @entity0 under 6 months of age with @entity3 were operated on. There were 675 cases with @entity8 with @entity1 ( @entity8 /PH), 138 with @entity10 (TGA), 155 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), 111 with totally abnormal pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), 54 with @entity7 of aorta or interrupted aortic arch with @entity8 [ @entity13 ( @entity12 )/ @entity8 ], 46 with double outlet right ventricle (DORV), 25 with @entity6 with @entity8 (PA/ @entity8 ), 24 with @entity6 with intact interventricular septum (PA/IVS) and so on. The operative procedure was dependent on different diseases. Follow-up has been conducted in @entity0 with some complex congenital @entity3 . RESULTS: In the recent 11 years, the number of surgical repair in @entity0 under 6 months of age, including neonates, with @entity3 has been increased. In contrast to the early phase when @entity8 was the major disease treated with surgery, @entity0 with complex @entity3 account for half of all cases treated with surgery now. In the meantime, the surgical mortality has been decreased year after year. There were 110 deaths in our group and the total mortality was 7.9% (110/1387). With improvement of surgical procedure, the mortality was decreased from 11.5% - 14.4% in 1997 - 2003 to 8.6% - 8.9% in 2004 - 2005 to 3.3% - 3.8% in 2006 - 2007. Follow-up data were available for 98 @entity0 in TGA (83.8%, 98/117), 79 in TAPVC (87.8%, 79/90), 68 in @entity2 (48.2%, 68/141), 13 in PA/ @entity8 (65%, 13/20) and 19 in @entity9 /IVS (95%, 19/20). The duration of follow-up ranged from 3 to 86 months. There were 16 late deaths, 4 in TGA, 10 in TAPVC and 2 in PA/ @entity8 @entity0 . The majority were asymptomatic on follow-up. Mild residual obstruction was seen in 4 cases with TAPVC. @entity1 was seen in 5 cases with TAPVC. Mild @entity4 , @entity4 and @entity5 were seen in 23 cases with TGA (23.5%, 23/98). Some PA/ @entity8 @entity0 had second operation. CONCLUSIONS: Most symptomatic neonates and @entity0 younger than 6 months with critical @entity11 can undergo corrective operation under acceptable risk. Due to improvements in perioperative, anaesthetic, surgical, and postoperative care, contemporary hospital mortality can be reduced to 3.3% - 3.8%. Palliative procedures still play an important role in the staged treatment of severe complex @entity3 in neonates and @entity0 younger than 6 months of age.

title: [Results of surgical treatment of 1,387 @entity0 under 6 months of age with XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize and review the result of surgical repair of @entity3 in @entity0 under 6 months of age. METHODS: Between January 1997 and December 2007, 1387 @entity0 under 6 months of age with @entity3 were operated on. There were 675 cases with @entity8 with @entity1 ( @entity8 /PH), 138 with @entity10 (TGA), 155 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), 111 with totally abnormal pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), 54 with @entity7 of aorta or interrupted aortic arch with @entity8 [ @entity13 ( @entity12 )/ @entity8 ], 46 with double outlet right ventricle (DORV), 25 with @entity6 with @entity8 (PA/ @entity8 ), 24 with @entity6 with intact interventricular septum (PA/IVS) and so on. The operative procedure was dependent on different diseases. Follow-up has been conducted in @entity0 with some complex congenital @entity3 . RESULTS: In the recent 11 years, the number of surgical repair in @entity0 under 6 months of age, including neonates, with @entity3 has been increased. In contrast to the early phase when @entity8 was the major disease treated with surgery, @entity0 with complex @entity3 account for half of all cases treated with surgery now. In the meantime, the surgical mortality has been decreased year after year. There were 110 deaths in our group and the total mortality was 7.9% (110/1387). With improvement of surgical procedure, the mortality was decreased from 11.5% - 14.4% in 1997 - 2003 to 8.6% - 8.9% in 2004 - 2005 to 3.3% - 3.8% in 2006 - 2007. Follow-up data were available for 98 @entity0 in TGA (83.8%, 98/117), 79 in TAPVC (87.8%, 79/90), 68 in @entity2 (48.2%, 68/141), 13 in PA/ @entity8 (65%, 13/20) and 19 in @entity9 /IVS (95%, 19/20). The duration of follow-up ranged from 3 to 86 months. There were 16 late deaths, 4 in TGA, 10 in TAPVC and 2 in PA/ @entity8 @entity0 . The majority were asymptomatic on follow-up. Mild residual obstruction was seen in 4 cases with TAPVC. @entity1 was seen in 5 cases with TAPVC. Mild @entity4 , @entity4 and @entity5 were seen in 23 cases with TGA (23.5%, 23/98). Some PA/ @entity8 @entity0 had second operation. CONCLUSIONS: Most symptomatic neonates and @entity0 younger than 6 months with critical @entity11 can undergo corrective operation under acceptable risk. Due to improvements in perioperative, anaesthetic, surgical, and postoperative care, contemporary hospital mortality can be reduced to 3.3% - 3.8%. Palliative procedures still play an important role in the staged treatment of severe complex @entity3 in neonates and @entity0 younger than 6 months of age.

title: [Results of surgical treatment of 1,387 XXXX under 6 months of age with @entity3 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Juvenile @entity4 (JNA) is a rare benign neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in the nasopharynx of adolescent males. Surgery remains the primary treatment of choice. JNA has always presented a management challenge to surgeons because of its vascular nature, site of occurrence, and local tissue destruction. The surgical approaches are either standard open method which include external or intraoral incisions, or the recent advanced approach, i.e. via using the endonasal endoscope. It is widely accepted that the use of preoperative @entity2 reduces the occurrence of @entity3 and @entity1 removal. However, @entity2 is not available at all centres. The purpose of this article is to present our experience with five @entity0 diagnosed with JNA who were resected without embolization, using various surgical approaches. Two @entity1 were removed via endonasal endoscopic surgery. None of the @entity1 were embolized prior to surgery. We highlight the preoperative evaluation of @entity1 extent, using both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography, and the importance of temporary clamping of the external carotid artery intraoperatively. Our results suggest that the latter procedure is a safe and effective means of facilitating surgery and reducing @entity3 .

title: Surgical management of juvenile @entity4 without XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Juvenile @entity4 (JNA) is a rare benign neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in the nasopharynx of adolescent males. Surgery remains the primary treatment of choice. JNA has always presented a management challenge to surgeons because of its vascular nature, site of occurrence, and local tissue destruction. The surgical approaches are either standard open method which include external or intraoral incisions, or the recent advanced approach, i.e. via using the endonasal endoscope. It is widely accepted that the use of preoperative @entity2 reduces the occurrence of @entity3 and @entity1 removal. However, @entity2 is not available at all centres. The purpose of this article is to present our experience with five @entity0 diagnosed with JNA who were resected without embolization, using various surgical approaches. Two @entity1 were removed via endonasal endoscopic surgery. None of the @entity1 were embolized prior to surgery. We highlight the preoperative evaluation of @entity1 extent, using both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography, and the importance of temporary clamping of the external carotid artery intraoperatively. Our results suggest that the latter procedure is a safe and effective means of facilitating surgery and reducing @entity3 .

title: Surgical management of juvenile XXXX without @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The matching of hydrophobic lengths of integral membrane proteins and the surrounding lipid bilayer is an important factor that influences both structure and function of integral membrane proteins. The ion channel gramicidin is known to be uniquely sensitive to membrane properties such as bilayer thickness and membrane mechanical properties. The functionally important @entity0 terminal @entity1 residues of gramicidin display conformation-dependent fluorescence which can be used to monitor gramicidin conformations in membranes [S.S. Rawat, D.A. Kelkar, A. Chattopadhyay, Monitoring gramicidin conformations in membranes: a fluorescence approach, Biophys. J. 87 (2004) 831-843]. We have examined the effect of hydrophobic mismatch on the conformation and organization of gramicidin in saturated @entity2 bilayers of varying thickness utilizing the intrinsic conformation-dependent @entity1 fluorescence. Our results utilizing steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic approaches, in combination with circular dichroism spectroscopy, show that gramicidin remains predominantly in the channel conformation and gramicidin tryptophans are at the membrane interfacial region over a range of mismatch conditions. Interestingly, gramicidin conformation shifts toward non-channel conformations in extremely thick gel phase membranes although it is not excluded from the membrane. In addition, experiments utilizing self quenching of @entity1 fluorescence indicate peptide aggregation in thicker gel phase membranes.

title: Modulation of gramicidin channel conformation and organization by hydrophobic mismatch in saturated XXXX bilayers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The role of early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remains controversial. Previous studies have included only a relatively small number of @entity0 with predicted severe @entity4 . We investigated the clinical effects of early ERCP in these @entity0 . METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational multicenter study in 8 university medical centers and 7 major teaching hospitals. One hundred fifty-three @entity0 with predicted severe @entity4 without @entity2 enrolled in a randomized multicenter trial on probiotic prophylaxis in acute @entity5 were prospectively followed. Conservative treatment or ERCP within 72 hours after symptom onset (at discretion of the treating physician) were compared for complications and mortality. @entity0 without and with @entity6 ( @entity3 : >2.3 mg/dL [40 mumol/L] and/or dilated common bile duct) were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Of the 153 @entity0 , 81 (53%) underwent ERCP and 72 (47%) conservative treatment. Groups were highly comparable at baseline. Seventy-eight @entity0 (51%) had @entity6 . In @entity0 with @entity6 , ERCP (52/78 @entity0 : 67%), as compared with conservative treatment, was associated with fewer complications (25% vs. 54%, P = 0.020, multivariate adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.99, P= 0.049). This included fewer @entity0 with >30% pancreatic @entity1 (8% vs. 31%, P = 0.010). Mortality was nonsignificantly lower after ERCP (6% vs. 15%, P = 0.213, multivariate adjusted OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.08-2.28, P = 0.330). In @entity0 without @entity6 , ERCP (29/75 @entity0 : 39%) was not associated with reduced complications (45% vs. 41%, P = 0.814, multivariate adjusted OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.49-3.76; P = 0.554) or mortality (14% vs. 17%, P = 0.754, multivariate adjusted OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.19-3.12, P = 0.734). CONCLUSIONS: Early ERCP is associated with fewer complications in predicted severe @entity4 if @entity6 is present.

title: Early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in predicted severe XXXX : a prospective multicenter study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To describe attitudes of paediatricians and paediatric nephrologists regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and determine the factors associated with its use. METHOD: A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to Canadian paediatricians (1136) and paediatric nephrologists (42). RESULTS: The response rate was 58.1% (684 physicians); 436 who had made a decision about antibiotic prophylaxis for childhood @entity1 in the previous year were included in the analysis. Of these, 407 (93.3%) were certified in paediatrics and 29 (6.7%) were paediatric nephrologists. Most respondents prescribed prophylaxis for @entity0 with grade III-V @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (96.5%-98%); 69.8 and 92.8% prescribed it for @entity0 with grades I and II @entity4 , respectively. Factors significantly associated with use of prophylaxis for @entity0 with grade I @entity4 were frequency of decision-making about prophylaxis, city size and province. Fifteen percent of physicians felt that their practice regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity0 with @entity4 was evidence based. A hundred one respondents (24.3%) prescribed prophylaxis for @entity0 with a first febrile @entity1 in the absence of @entity4 . Nineteen percent felt that their practice regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for these @entity0 was evidence based. Prescription of prophylaxis for @entity0 >12 months with recurrent @entity1 in the absence of @entity4 was influenced by frequency of @entity3 (88.5% of respondents) and presence of @entity2 (53.8%). Nine percent of physicians felt that their practice for these @entity0 was evidence based. CONCLUSION: Opinions of Canadian paediatricians and paediatric nephrologists regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity1 in @entity0 vary widely, probably because of the paucity of solid evidence about prophylaxis.

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis for childhood XXXX : a national survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A study was undertaken to determine the pathological significance of previously unrecognized @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity1 . The study group consisted of 58 @entity1 , all of which were pathologically characterized and graded according to the 1993 WHO classification. Electron microscopic studies were performed in 16 cases. The study showed that 33 (57%) @entity1 had @entity4 and that in 8 cases these were abundant. Round and eosinophilic, their sizes varied from 10 microns to a tiny dot. Similar eosinophilic bodies were also observed between @entity0 cells. The inclusions were weakly PAS positive. On immunostains, @entity4 were frequently positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, less often for @entity5 protein, and for epithelial membrane protein and CAM 5.2. They were negative for @entity2 / @entity3 , carcinoembryonic antigen and Ber-EP4. Ultrastructurally, @entity4 represented intracytoplasmic lumens containing microvilli and cilia. These microlumina also frequently contained granulo-tubular materials. With reference to @entity0 subtypes, @entity4 occurred most frequently in @entity1 . @entity4 were also present in 4 of 6 @entity1 studied. In conclusion, @entity4 represent microlumina and occur in more than a half of @entity1 including malignant examples. Their finding is a helpful diagnostic feature of @entity1 .

title: Eosinophilic inclusions in XXXX represent microlumina: a light and electron microscopic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: This study aimed to explore gender differences in attitudes towards sexual relationships of adolescent attending nurse led sexual health clinics. BACKGROUND: Nurse led sexual health clinics are at the forefront of promoting adolescent sexual health. To provide sensitive, effective and non-judgemental care, nurses need to understand the complexities of adolescent sexual behaviour and the social factors that influence sexual relationships. Design. A qualitative, exploratory research design was used. METHODS: Ten focus groups (five male and five female) involving @entity2 attendees aged between 14-16 years were conducted. Focus groups were asked to comment on four sexual relationship 'case studies'. Group discussions were recorded and transcribed. Data were subject to thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the data analysis. 'Empathy' reflected how young @entity0 were more likely to try to see their partner's point of view. 'Complexity' also reflected that young @entity0 were more aware of the complex nature of relationships than were the male @entity0 . 'Language' related to how young males used aggressive language in the context of relationships - a feature absent from female @entity0 ' discourse. CONCLUSIONS: Male and female attitudes clearly differ. Female responses are more complex and empathic because of the more complex nature of the social pressures that sexualise young @entity0 . Young males are not as subject to these social forces. Young @entity0 are socialized into behaviour that can place females under pressure to have sex - this pressure can include the use of @entity1 . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTISE: Nurses working in sexual health should attempt to encourage empathic thinking in male clients. Females should be educated to deal with the social pressures they may face from their partners. Practitioners should also recognise the problematic role @entity1 can play within sexual relationships.

title: Gendered attitudes towards XXXX adolescents attending nurse led sexual health clinics in England: a qualitative study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 is a common, acute, self-limited papulosquamous eruption of possible viral aetiology. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of @entity7 seen at a referral skin centre in Singapore. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all the @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity7 seen during 1996. There were 368 @entity0 ; their ages ranged from 9 months to 82 years with a peak in the 20 to 29 years age group. There were slightly more males (1.2:1). The clinic incidence was 6.5 per 1000 cases. No ethnic predilection was noted and cases were seen evenly throughout the year. About a quarter of the @entity0 gave a history of a @entity5 shortly before or during the occurrence of the @entity6 . Most cases had a typical truncal distribution. The herald patch was observed in 63 @entity0 (17%). Inverse distribution involving mainly the extremities were seen in 22 cases (6%) and eczematised lesions were noted in 20 cases (5.4%). The two main differential diagnoses considered were @entity3 and secondary syphilis. A fungal scrape and a rapid plasma reagin test were done in 58 and 59 @entity0 , respectively, and the results were negative. Treatment was symptomatic and consisted of topical @entity2 and antihistamines. Thirty @entity0 (8%) were given oral @entity4 for extensive @entity1 . The pattern of @entity7 in Singapore is similar to that reported in other countries except for a male predominance and absence of monthly variation. A lower incidence and an older group of @entity0 were also seen in our series as compared to African @entity0 .

title: One-year review of XXXX at the National Skin Centre, Singapore.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity1 , particularly those with very low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) type @entity2 and high levels of very low density type lipoprotein (VLDL), are associated with insulin resistance and @entity7 . The evidence that elevation of HDL @entity2 and diminution of @entity6 with drugs, with improvement in insulin sensitivity is still lacking. In the treatment of the @entity5 with hypolipidaemic drugs, the associated metabolic abnormality of insulin resistance/sensitivity has to be addressed. We investigated the degree of @entity7 in 23 @entity0 with low HDL and/or raised @entity6 by measuring the fasting, first and second hour insulin levels during an oral @entity4 tolerance test (OGTT) and repeated the measurements after a 6-month course of @entity9 . The insulin levels were correlated with the OGTT, blood pressure, total @entity2 , HDL @entity2 , LDL @entity2 , and @entity6 measured before and at the end of the trial. The serum insulin at the second hour of the OGTT fell from 100.79 +/- 42.79 mU/l to 54.56 +/- 25.43 mU/l (P < 0.0005) even though there was no change in the blood @entity4 level at this point. Our study shows that @entity9 ( @entity9 ) 300 mg daily significantly raises the pretreatment low HDL @entity2 (from 0.64 +/- 0.1 mmol/l to 0.99 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) as well as lowers the @entity3 level (from 2.17 +/- 1.1 mmol/l to 1.43 +/- 0.64 mmol/l) in @entity0 with @entity8 . The data also support the conclusion that treatment with @entity9 @entity7 as measured by the corresponding insulin levels of the OGTT in the study subjects who presented with very low HDL @entity2 level. There was also a decrease in blood pressure readings in our study subjects. Throughout the trial, there was no significant change in body weight or exercise level in the subjects studied.

title: The effect of XXXX on insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid profile in non-diabetic males with low high @entity8 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity1 , particularly those with very low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) type @entity2 and high levels of very low density type lipoprotein (VLDL), are associated with insulin resistance and @entity7 . The evidence that elevation of HDL @entity2 and diminution of @entity6 with drugs, with improvement in insulin sensitivity is still lacking. In the treatment of the @entity5 with hypolipidaemic drugs, the associated metabolic abnormality of insulin resistance/sensitivity has to be addressed. We investigated the degree of @entity7 in 23 @entity0 with low HDL and/or raised @entity6 by measuring the fasting, first and second hour insulin levels during an oral @entity4 tolerance test (OGTT) and repeated the measurements after a 6-month course of @entity9 . The insulin levels were correlated with the OGTT, blood pressure, total @entity2 , HDL @entity2 , LDL @entity2 , and @entity6 measured before and at the end of the trial. The serum insulin at the second hour of the OGTT fell from 100.79 +/- 42.79 mU/l to 54.56 +/- 25.43 mU/l (P < 0.0005) even though there was no change in the blood @entity4 level at this point. Our study shows that @entity9 ( @entity9 ) 300 mg daily significantly raises the pretreatment low HDL @entity2 (from 0.64 +/- 0.1 mmol/l to 0.99 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) as well as lowers the @entity3 level (from 2.17 +/- 1.1 mmol/l to 1.43 +/- 0.64 mmol/l) in @entity0 with @entity8 . The data also support the conclusion that treatment with @entity9 @entity7 as measured by the corresponding insulin levels of the OGTT in the study subjects who presented with very low HDL @entity2 level. There was also a decrease in blood pressure readings in our study subjects. Throughout the trial, there was no significant change in body weight or exercise level in the subjects studied.

title: The effect of @entity9 on insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid profile in non-diabetic males with low high XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a single-center experience with 25 cases of @entity2 and the review the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of @entity0 with @entity2 who were operated between July 1997 and July 2007 in our institute; we examined the modes of presentations, management, and outcome. Outcome of all @entity0 was assessed over a short follow-up period (average 1.8 months). RESULTS: Out of 25 @entity0 , 18 (72%) were male and 7 (28%) were female. Age of @entity0 ranged from 1 day to 11 years. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity4 [ @entity4 ; n = 14 (56%)], @entity7 [ @entity7 ; n = 5 (20%)], pulmonary sequestrations [PS; n = 3 (12%)], and @entity5 [ @entity5 ; n = 3 (12%)]. Antenatal diagnosis was available in only 2 (8%) @entity0 . The common presenting symptoms were @entity3 and @entity6 . Lobectomy was the procedure of choice. Mortality was 16% (n = 4; M: F = 3: 1). Two @entity0 died because of @entity1 , one from compromised cardiac function, and one from aspiration which might possibly have been prevented. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with progressive @entity3 due to these anomalies may require urgent surgical intervention regardless of age. The surgical outcome is favorable, with manageable complications. Plain x-ray chest and CT of thorax are usually sufficient for diagnosis and planning of treatment. Pathological diagnosis may differ from the imaging diagnosis. Mortality is found to be more in neonates. Apart from initial stabilization, resection of lesion and careful postoperative care is necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity.

title: XXXX : a single-center experience and a review of literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In septuagenarians, lobectomy is the preferable operation, with lower morbidity than for pneumonectomy. However, the 1-year impact of lobectomy on lung function has not been well studied in elderly @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study including 30 @entity0 70 years or older (study group), 25 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) under 70 years (control group 1), and 22 @entity0 under 70 years with normal lung function (control group 2) operated for @entity1 in a 2-year period. The study and control groups were compared related to lung function changes after lobectomy, operative morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: Postoperative lung function changes in the elderly followed the similar trend as in @entity0 with @entity2 . There were no significant differences between these two groups related to changes in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV   ) and vital capacity (VC). Unlike that, the pattern of the lung function changes in the elderly was significantly different compared with @entity0 with normal lung function. The mean postoperative decrease in FEV    was 14.16% in the elderly, compared with a 29.23% decrease in @entity0 with normal lung function (P < 0.05). In the study and control groups, no @entity0 died within the first 30 postoperative days. The operative morbidity in the elderly group was significantly lower than in @entity0 with @entity2 (23.3% vs. 60%). CONCLUSIONS: The lung function changes after lobectomy in the elderly are similar to those in @entity0 with @entity2 . The explanation for such a finding needs further investigation. Despite a high proportion of concomitant diseases, the age itself does not carry a prohibitively high risk of operative mortality and morbidity.

title: Lung function changes and complications after lobectomy for XXXX in septuagenarians.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A computer model was developed to determine the health outcomes and economic consequences of different combinations of @entity1 interventions in newly diagnosed @entity0 with @entity8 in Switzerland. METHODS: We modelled seven complications of @entity1 : hypoglycaemia, @entity7 , acute @entity5 , @entity3 , lower extremity amputation, @entity2 , and @entity6 . Transition probabilities and costs were taken from published literature. The Swiss health insurance payer perspective was taken. Various combinations of @entity1 management strategies, including intensive or conventional insulin therapy and screening and treatment strategies for @entity2 were defined. Life expectancy, cumulative incidences of complications, and mean expected total lifetime costs per @entity0 were calculated under six different management strategies. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated in terms of costs per life-year gained compared with conventional insulin therapy alone. RESULTS: The addition of screening for microalbuminuria and @entity6 followed by appropriate treatment, if detected, were cost saving, with reduction in cumulative incidence of @entity4 and @entity9 respectively, and, in the case of microalbulminuria screening and treatment, an improvement in life expectancy. Intensive therapy improved life expectancy but increased total lifetime costs. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Optimal management of Type I @entity1 @entity0 , including secondary and tertiary prevention, leads to reduced complications and improved life expectancy, with the increased costs of prevention offset to varying degrees by cost savings due to complications avoided.

title: The cost-effectiveness of different management strategies for XXXX : a Swiss perspective.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Both liquorice and @entity6 diuretics have hypokalaemic effects. In spite of their prevalent use, there are no studies on hypokalaemia caused by the combination of liquorice and @entity7 . We recruited 10 healthy volunteers in order to study the effects of 32 g liquorice alone or in combination with 25mg @entity1 a day for 2 weeks. The trial had a randomized, open and crossover design. During the liquorice phase, there were no changes in plasma @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity0 activity, serum @entity4 , blood pressure or heart rate. Weight tended to increase by 0.4 kg (70.2 to 70.6 kg; p=0.056). During the liquorice- @entity1 phase, the plasma @entity2 decreased by 0.32 mmol/l (p=0.0015), plasma @entity0 activity increased by 1.6 microg/l/h (p=0.0064) and the weight decreased by 0.9 kg (70.5 to 69.6 kg, p=0.0065). Twenty per cent of the subjects (2/10) became hypokalaemic during the combined liquorice- @entity1 treatment. Furthermore, both subjects developed hypokalaemia within the first week of the combined treatment leading to premature discontinuation. The evaluation of liquorice consumption habits is warranted when initiating @entity6 medications to avoid the excessive risk of hypokalaemia associated with the combined use of low-dose liquorice and @entity6 diuretics.

title: Effects of low-dose liquorice alone or in combination with XXXX on the plasma @entity2 in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Both liquorice and @entity6 diuretics have hypokalaemic effects. In spite of their prevalent use, there are no studies on hypokalaemia caused by the combination of liquorice and @entity7 . We recruited 10 healthy volunteers in order to study the effects of 32 g liquorice alone or in combination with 25mg @entity1 a day for 2 weeks. The trial had a randomized, open and crossover design. During the liquorice phase, there were no changes in plasma @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity0 activity, serum @entity4 , blood pressure or heart rate. Weight tended to increase by 0.4 kg (70.2 to 70.6 kg; p=0.056). During the liquorice- @entity1 phase, the plasma @entity2 decreased by 0.32 mmol/l (p=0.0015), plasma @entity0 activity increased by 1.6 microg/l/h (p=0.0064) and the weight decreased by 0.9 kg (70.5 to 69.6 kg, p=0.0065). Twenty per cent of the subjects (2/10) became hypokalaemic during the combined liquorice- @entity1 treatment. Furthermore, both subjects developed hypokalaemia within the first week of the combined treatment leading to premature discontinuation. The evaluation of liquorice consumption habits is warranted when initiating @entity6 medications to avoid the excessive risk of hypokalaemia associated with the combined use of low-dose liquorice and @entity6 diuretics.

title: Effects of low-dose liquorice alone or in combination with @entity1 on the plasma XXXX in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: The existence of sex bias in the delivery of cardiac care is controversial, and little is known about the association between sex and delivery of care and outcomes at an early point in the diagnostic sequence, such as when @entity0 present for the evaluation of @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that female sex is negatively associated with care delivered to and outcomes of @entity0 diagnosed as having @entity9 . DESIGN: Inception population-based cohort study with an average of 6 years of follow-up. SETTING: Emergency departments (EDs) in Olmsted County, Minnesota. @entity0 : A total of 2271 Olmsted County residents (1306 @entity0 and 965 @entity0 ) who presented to the ED for the first time with symptoms meeting criteria for @entity9 between 1985 and 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Use of cardiac procedures within 90 days of ED visit, overall mortality, and @entity3 ( @entity2 , nonfatal @entity4 , nonfatal @entity8 , and @entity6 ), compared by sex and Agency for Health Care Policy and Research cardiovascular risk category (low, intermediate, or high). RESULTS: @entity0 were older (P<.001), more likely to have a history of @entity1 (P = .001), and less likely to present with typical @entity7 (P = .004) than @entity0 . @entity0 were more likely than @entity0 to undergo noninvasive cardiac tests (relative risk [RR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.40) as well as invasive cardiac procedures (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.51-1.97). After adjustment, male sex was associated with a 24% increase in the use of cardiac procedures. Survival of both @entity0 and @entity0 in the high and intermediate risk categories was significantly lower than expected per the general population (P<.001). @entity0 had a worse outcome than @entity0 , but after multivariate adjustment, male sex was associated with a trend toward an increase in the risk of @entity2 (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.99-1.54) and significantly associated with increased risk of @entity3 (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03-1.42). CONCLUSIONS: Our population-based data indicate that after an ED visit for symptoms of @entity9 , the use of cardiac procedures was lower in @entity0 , but after taking into account baseline characteristics, @entity0 experienced worse outcomes.

title: Sex differences in evaluation and outcome of XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Safe and effective echocardiography would represent a valuable tool for marine @entity0 veterinarians and physiologists evaluating the dolphin heart. Unfortunately, conventional ultrasound technology (transthoracic echocardiography) has been limited by logistic, anatomic, and behavioral challenges. Five mature male Atlantic bottlenose dolphins ( @entity4 ) were trained for echocardiographic imaging (four for both transthoracic and transesophageal imaging, and one for only transthoracic imaging). It was noted that transesophageal image quality transiently improved when the dolphins spontaneously exhaled. Subsequently, dolphins were conditioned to hold their breath following forced exhalation, and imaging proceeded during such behavioral breath holds. Over 25 transthoracic and 100 transesophageal echocardiographic studies were performed, including both two-dimensional imaging and color flow mapping. Transthoracic imaging yielded poor-quality images of only small portions of the heart. In contrast, transesophageal imaging, which improved dramatically with behavioral breath holding following exhalation, yielded consistently high-quality images of the entire heart (mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves, @entity3 , left and right atria, left and right ventricles, and ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery). Color flow mapping demonstrated mild @entity2 in all dolphins, and mild @entity1 in one dolphin found to have a pedunculated mass arising from the sinutubular junction just above the aortic valve. There were no complications in nonsedated dolphins. The heart of the bottlenose dolphin can be safely, effectively, and reproducibly evaluated with the use of transesophageal echocardiography in conjunction with behavioral breath holding following forced exhalation. This approach, and the normative echocardiographic data generated from this work, lays the foundation for future echocardiographic studies of cetaceans.

title: Echocardiographic evaluation of the bottlenose dolphin ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: Radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy in the management of locoregionally advanced @entity4 is evaluated in an attempt to improve locoregional response, reduce locoregional failure and reduce @entity3 . The current study was designed to investigate radiation therapy and concurrent @entity5 in this context. From 1992 through 1997, 70 @entity0 with locoregionally advanced @entity4 were treated with radiation therapy and concurrent @entity5 . External beam radiation dose was 60 Gy for T1, T2 and T3 @entity1 , 70 Gy for T4 @entity1 and 70 Gy for metastatic cervical lymph nodes. An intracavitary brachytherapy boost (10 Gy) was applied for T1, T2 and T3 @entity1 . @entity5 (30 mg/m2) was administered weekly during external beam radiation therapy. Locoregional complete response was achieved in 63 @entity0 , locoregional failure was observed in 4 @entity0 and @entity3 was observed in 15. N-stage predicted @entity3 . Overall survival, locoregional failure-free survival and @entity3 -free survival were 63%, 79% and 75%, respectively, at three years. Grade 3 acute @entity2 was observed in 2 @entity0 , Grade 3 acute mucous membrane @entity2 was observed in 6 and Grade 3 acute hematological @entity2 was observed in 2 @entity0 . Despite improved locoregional response, reduced locoregional failure and improved survival with radiation therapy and concurrent @entity5 , @entity3 remains prevalent for locoregionally advanced @entity4 .

title: Radiation therapy and concurrent XXXX in management of locoregionally advanced @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy in the management of locoregionally advanced @entity4 is evaluated in an attempt to improve locoregional response, reduce locoregional failure and reduce @entity3 . The current study was designed to investigate radiation therapy and concurrent @entity5 in this context. From 1992 through 1997, 70 @entity0 with locoregionally advanced @entity4 were treated with radiation therapy and concurrent @entity5 . External beam radiation dose was 60 Gy for T1, T2 and T3 @entity1 , 70 Gy for T4 @entity1 and 70 Gy for metastatic cervical lymph nodes. An intracavitary brachytherapy boost (10 Gy) was applied for T1, T2 and T3 @entity1 . @entity5 (30 mg/m2) was administered weekly during external beam radiation therapy. Locoregional complete response was achieved in 63 @entity0 , locoregional failure was observed in 4 @entity0 and @entity3 was observed in 15. N-stage predicted @entity3 . Overall survival, locoregional failure-free survival and @entity3 -free survival were 63%, 79% and 75%, respectively, at three years. Grade 3 acute @entity2 was observed in 2 @entity0 , Grade 3 acute mucous membrane @entity2 was observed in 6 and Grade 3 acute hematological @entity2 was observed in 2 @entity0 . Despite improved locoregional response, reduced locoregional failure and improved survival with radiation therapy and concurrent @entity5 , @entity3 remains prevalent for locoregionally advanced @entity4 .

title: Radiation therapy and concurrent @entity5 in management of locoregionally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity5 mom gene encodes a novel DNA modification that protects the viral genome against a wide variety of restriction endonucleases. Expression of mom is subject to a series of unusual regulatory controls. Transcription requires the action of a phage-encoded protein, C, which binds (probably as a dimer) the mom promoter from -33 to -52 (with respect to the transcription start site) in two adjacent DNA major grooves on one face of the helix. No apparent direct interaction between C and the host RNA polymerase (RNAP) is evident; however, C binding alters mom DNA conformation. In the absence of C, RNAP binds the mom promoter at a site that results in transcription in a direction away from the mom gene. The function of this transcription is unknown. An additional layer of transcriptional regulation complexity is due to the fact that the host Dam DNA-(N6- @entity4 )methyltransferase is required. Dam methylation of three closely spaced upstream GATC sequences is necessary to prevent binding by the host protein, OxyR, which acts as a repressor. Repression is not mediated by inhibition of C binding, but rather through interference with C-mediated recruitment of RNAP to the correct site. Translation of mom is regulated by the phage Com protein. Com is only 62 @entity3 long and contains a @entity0 finger-like structure (coordinated by four @entity1 residues) in the @entity2 terminal domain. Com binds mom mRNA 5' to the mom open reading frame, whose translation start signals are contained in a stem-loop translation-inhibition-structure. Com binding to its target site (5' to and adjacent to the translation-inhibition-structure) results in a stable change in RNA secondary structure that exposes the translation start signals.

title: Unusual transcriptional and translational regulation of the XXXX mom operon.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity1 are common injuries in @entity0 and adolescents. The subjective and functional results of soft tissue surgical management in a population that was skeletally immature at the time of surgery have not been reported. HYPOTHESIS: The 3-in-1 procedure is an effective treatment for recurrent @entity1 in skeletally immature @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Twenty-five skeletally immature @entity0 (age at operation, 13.5 +/- 3.8 years) who were practicing sports and suffering from recurrent @entity1 were included in the study and followed until skeletal maturation. Clinical evaluation included the modified Cincinnati rating system and the Kujala score, anthropometry, plain radiography, and isokinetic dynamometry. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 3.8 years (range, 2.5-6 years). The mean modified Cincinnati score increased from 51.7 +/- 12.6 preoperatively to 94.3 +/- 10.8 (P < .02), while the mean Kujala scores increased from 52.4 +/- 12.7 preoperatively to 93.8 +/- 14.2 (P < .02). The Insall-Salvati index remained essentially unchanged, being 1.04 +/- 0.2 preoperatively and 1.02 +/- 0.3 at latest follow-up. Significant differences were found between the operated and the contralateral limb in the various isokinetic strength variables at all angular velocities measured at the latest follow-up (.05 < P < .0042). CONCLUSION: The 3-in-1 procedure is a safe, reliable management option for recurrent @entity1 in skeletally immature @entity0 . Side-to-side differences in isokinetic strength and in anthropometric indices persist despite subjective success of the procedure.

title: The 3-in-1 procedure for recurrent dislocation of the patella in skeletally immature XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the general population, blacks have higher parathyroid gland mass and circulating @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels than whites. This may predispose black @entity0 to more severe @entity11 when @entity3 develops. Therefore, racial differences in the severity of @entity8 were examined in a population of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Among @entity4 @entity0 receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, two or more values of intact @entity6 (immunoradiometric assay, pg/ml) obtained at least 90 d apart were available in 1270 prevalent cases (61.1% blacks, 51% males, and 31.1% @entity1 ), including 466 incident cases with onset of @entity4 after 1993. Maximum @entity6 levels were analyzed as a function of race, gender, age, @entity1 status, and levels of serum @entity5 , @entity9 , alkaline phosphatase, and @entity10 . Using a stepwise multiple regression model, the determinants of maximum @entity6 in the order of their importance were black race, serum @entity9 , absence of @entity1 , younger age, serum @entity5 , and female gender. The maximum @entity6 levels averaged 641.7 in blacks and 346.0 in whites after adjusting for age, gender, @entity1 status, serum @entity5 , and @entity9 (P < 0.0001). In blacks compared with whites, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for @entity2 (maximum @entity6 <150 pg/ml) was 0.26 (0.17 to 0.41), whereas the odds ratio for @entity2 (mean @entity6 >500 pg/ml) was 4.4 (2.10 to 9.25). Race is a major independent determinant of @entity7 secondary @entity8 . Among @entity4 @entity0 , blacks may be at an increased risk for @entity2 and whites for @entity2 .

title: Race is a major determinant of secondary XXXX in @entity7 @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: In the general population, blacks have higher parathyroid gland mass and circulating @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels than whites. This may predispose black @entity0 to more severe @entity11 when @entity3 develops. Therefore, racial differences in the severity of @entity8 were examined in a population of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Among @entity4 @entity0 receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, two or more values of intact @entity6 (immunoradiometric assay, pg/ml) obtained at least 90 d apart were available in 1270 prevalent cases (61.1% blacks, 51% males, and 31.1% @entity1 ), including 466 incident cases with onset of @entity4 after 1993. Maximum @entity6 levels were analyzed as a function of race, gender, age, @entity1 status, and levels of serum @entity5 , @entity9 , alkaline phosphatase, and @entity10 . Using a stepwise multiple regression model, the determinants of maximum @entity6 in the order of their importance were black race, serum @entity9 , absence of @entity1 , younger age, serum @entity5 , and female gender. The maximum @entity6 levels averaged 641.7 in blacks and 346.0 in whites after adjusting for age, gender, @entity1 status, serum @entity5 , and @entity9 (P < 0.0001). In blacks compared with whites, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for @entity2 (maximum @entity6 <150 pg/ml) was 0.26 (0.17 to 0.41), whereas the odds ratio for @entity2 (mean @entity6 >500 pg/ml) was 4.4 (2.10 to 9.25). Race is a major independent determinant of @entity7 secondary @entity8 . Among @entity4 @entity0 , blacks may be at an increased risk for @entity2 and whites for @entity2 .

title: Race is a major determinant of secondary @entity8 in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: In the general population, blacks have higher parathyroid gland mass and circulating @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels than whites. This may predispose black @entity0 to more severe @entity11 when @entity3 develops. Therefore, racial differences in the severity of @entity8 were examined in a population of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Among @entity4 @entity0 receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, two or more values of intact @entity6 (immunoradiometric assay, pg/ml) obtained at least 90 d apart were available in 1270 prevalent cases (61.1% blacks, 51% males, and 31.1% @entity1 ), including 466 incident cases with onset of @entity4 after 1993. Maximum @entity6 levels were analyzed as a function of race, gender, age, @entity1 status, and levels of serum @entity5 , @entity9 , alkaline phosphatase, and @entity10 . Using a stepwise multiple regression model, the determinants of maximum @entity6 in the order of their importance were black race, serum @entity9 , absence of @entity1 , younger age, serum @entity5 , and female gender. The maximum @entity6 levels averaged 641.7 in blacks and 346.0 in whites after adjusting for age, gender, @entity1 status, serum @entity5 , and @entity9 (P < 0.0001). In blacks compared with whites, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for @entity2 (maximum @entity6 <150 pg/ml) was 0.26 (0.17 to 0.41), whereas the odds ratio for @entity2 (mean @entity6 >500 pg/ml) was 4.4 (2.10 to 9.25). Race is a major independent determinant of @entity7 secondary @entity8 . Among @entity4 @entity0 , blacks may be at an increased risk for @entity2 and whites for @entity2 .

title: Race is a major determinant of secondary @entity8 in @entity7 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several factors predict functional status after @entity1 , but most studies have included hospitalized @entity0 with limited follow-up. We hypothesized that @entity0 with @entity2 experience functional decline over 5 years independent of recurrent @entity1 and other risk factors. METHODS: In the population-based Northern Manhattan Study, @entity0 > or =40 years of age with incident @entity2 were prospectively followed using the Barthel Index at 6 months and annually to 5 years. Baseline @entity1 severity was categorized as mild (National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale <6), moderate (6 to 13), and severe (> or =14). Follow-up was censored at death, recurrent @entity1 , or @entity3 . Generalized Estimating Equations provided ORs and 95% CIs for predictors of favorable (Barthel Index > or =95) versus unfavorable (Barthel Index <95) functional status after adjusting for demographic and medical risk factors. RESULTS: Of 525 @entity0 , mean age was 68.6+/-12.4 years, 45.5% were male, 54.7% Hispanic, 54.7% had Medicaid/no insurance, and 35.1% had moderate @entity1 . The proportion with Barthel Index > or =95 declined over time (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99). Changes in Barthel Index by insurance status were confirmed by a significant interaction term (beta for interaction=-0.167, P=0.034); those with Medicaid/no insurance declined (OR, 0.84; P=0.003), whereas those with Medicare/private insurance did not (OR, 0.99; P=0.92). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity0 with functional independence after @entity1 declines annually for up to 5 years, and these effects are greatest for those with Medicaid or no health insurance. This decline is independent of age, @entity1 severity, and other predictors of functional decline and occurs even among those without recurrent @entity1 or @entity3 .

title: Long-term functional recovery after first XXXX : the Northern Manhattan Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: African-Americans have been underrepresented in most large @entity1 ( @entity1 ) trials. This study was undertaken to assess the course and character of @entity1 in African-Americans in comparison with whites. METHODS: We retrospectively compared the course and character of @entity1 in African-American and white @entity0 at 3 Atlanta hospitals. Ninety-nine @entity0 (55 African-American, 44 whites) were enrolled. Telephone interviews and chart reviews were used to identify disease location, presence of fistulae and perirectal disease, surgical history, and medication use. @entity0 with @entity2 or indeterminant @entity4 , and all non-African-Americans or whites, were excluded. RESULTS: The numbers of male and female @entity0 were similar (50 and 49). Overall, @entity0 comprised 54% of white @entity0 and 47% of African-American @entity0 . There were no significant differences in the setting in which @entity1 were diagnosed, number of flares per year, or duration of symptoms before diagnosis. White @entity0 were more likely to seek care for their @entity1 in a clinic setting, both their primary care physicians (1.31 versus 0.21 visits/yr, P < 0.001) and their gastroenterologists (3.2 versus 2.3 visits/yr, P = 0.03). Small bowel (SB) disease was present more frequently in white @entity0 , 84% versus 65% (P = 0.03), and SB resection was more common in this group, 59% versus 16% (P < 0.01). @entity3 was more common in African-American @entity0 , 89% versus 63% (P = 0.002). Perirectal fistulae were more frequent in African-American @entity0 , 58% versus 22% (P < 0.001) white @entity0 were more likely to report complete compliance with medical therapy, 77% versus 49% (P = 0.004). African-American @entity0 more frequently discontinued medical therapy because they "felt better" (27% versus 9%, P = 0.02). Medication usage, including immunosuppressants, was similar in both groups, except that white @entity0 were more likely to receive multiple doses of infliximab (34% versus 11%, P = 0.005). Both groups felt equally informed about @entity1 , but white @entity0 felt that their disease was under good control a greater percentage of the time, 71% versus 58% (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: These data lend credence to the suggestion that the nature of @entity1 may be different in African-Americans compared with whites. However, despite this apparent difference in disease manifestation, the contribution of socioeconomic factors, access to health care, and understanding of the disease likely play a role as well.

title: XXXX in an African-American population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are only a few reported series of nontyphoid @entity7 in renal transplant recipients. Data are scarce in heart transplant recipients. This article described our experience with nontyphoid @entity7 in heart transplant recipients and reviewed the literature. METHODS: Retrospective chart review. Data were compared with previously reported series in renal transplant recipients. RESULTS: Of the 265 @entity0 undergoing heart transplantation from 1987 to 2005, 4 @entity0 (1.5%) had @entity1 caused by nontyphoid Salmonella. All @entity0 were male, aged ranging from 2 to 62 years. None of them had a history of acute rejection before the occurrence of @entity7 . The time interval between transplantation and the @entity7 ranged from 0 day to 17 months. @entity4 occurred in 1 @entity0 and @entity1 in 3 @entity0 . Intravenous @entity6 was given in 3 bacteremic @entity0 . One @entity0 died after 6 days of @entity3 . For nontyphoid Salmonella serogroups, 2 cases were group D and 2 cases were group C. @entity5 resistance was present in 1 of 4 Salmonella isolates. There was no recurrence in 3 survivors. Compared with previous reported cases in renal transplantation, @entity0 with heart transplantation had low rates of @entity2 and recurrence. The mortality rate was 25% in heart transplant recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Nontyphoid @entity7 in heart transplant recipients occurred in the early posttransplant period. A significant number of @entity0 had @entity1 . Although the mortality rate was high, there was no recurrence in survivors.

title: Nontyphoid XXXX in heart transplant recipients.

answer: @entity7


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A controlled study to evaluate a new technique for @entity6 after @entity4 in @entity0 . Alignment of implanted tissue-engineered scaffolds was assessed radiographically and by magnetic resonance imaging. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stability of implanted scaffolds and the extent of @entity1 after spinal fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Biodegradable scaffolds provide an excellent platform for the quantitative assessment of cellular and molecular factors that promote regeneration within the transected cord. Successful delivery of scaffolds to the damaged cord can be hampered by @entity2 following transplantation, which in turn, hinders the assessment of neural regeneration. METHODS: Radio-opaque @entity7 -impregnated @entity8 scaffolds were implanted into spinal transection injuries in adult @entity0 . Spinal fixation was performed in one group of animals using a metal rod fixed to the spinous processes above and below the site of injury, while the control group received no fixation. Radiographic morphometry was performed after 2 and 4 weeks, and 3-dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy analysis 4 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Over the course of 4 weeks, progressive @entity5 was evident in the unfixed group, where a Cobb angle of 8.13 +/- 2.03 degrees was measured. The fixed group demonstrated significantly less @entity5 , with a Cobb angle measurement of 1.89 +/- 0.75 degrees (P = 0.0004). Similarly, a trend for less @entity3 was evident in the fixed group (7.33 +/- 1.68 degrees ) compared with the unfixed group (10.13 +/- 1.46 degrees ). Quantitative measurements of the degree of @entity2 of the scaffolds were also significantly less in the fixed group (5 +/- 1.23 degrees ) compared with the unfixed group (11 +/- 2.82 degrees ) (P = 0.0143). CONCLUSION: Radio-opaque @entity7 allows for visualization of scaffolds in vivo using radiographic analysis. Spinal fixation was shown to prevent @entity5 , reduce @entity3 , and reduce scaffold @entity2 within the transected @entity0 spinal cord. Using a highly optimized model will increase the potential for finding a therapy for restoring function to the injured cord.

title: Rigid fixation of the spinal column improves scaffold alignment and prevents XXXX in the transected @entity0 spinal cord.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A controlled study to evaluate a new technique for @entity6 after @entity4 in @entity0 . Alignment of implanted tissue-engineered scaffolds was assessed radiographically and by magnetic resonance imaging. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stability of implanted scaffolds and the extent of @entity1 after spinal fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Biodegradable scaffolds provide an excellent platform for the quantitative assessment of cellular and molecular factors that promote regeneration within the transected cord. Successful delivery of scaffolds to the damaged cord can be hampered by @entity2 following transplantation, which in turn, hinders the assessment of neural regeneration. METHODS: Radio-opaque @entity7 -impregnated @entity8 scaffolds were implanted into spinal transection injuries in adult @entity0 . Spinal fixation was performed in one group of animals using a metal rod fixed to the spinous processes above and below the site of injury, while the control group received no fixation. Radiographic morphometry was performed after 2 and 4 weeks, and 3-dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy analysis 4 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Over the course of 4 weeks, progressive @entity5 was evident in the unfixed group, where a Cobb angle of 8.13 +/- 2.03 degrees was measured. The fixed group demonstrated significantly less @entity5 , with a Cobb angle measurement of 1.89 +/- 0.75 degrees (P = 0.0004). Similarly, a trend for less @entity3 was evident in the fixed group (7.33 +/- 1.68 degrees ) compared with the unfixed group (10.13 +/- 1.46 degrees ). Quantitative measurements of the degree of @entity2 of the scaffolds were also significantly less in the fixed group (5 +/- 1.23 degrees ) compared with the unfixed group (11 +/- 2.82 degrees ) (P = 0.0143). CONCLUSION: Radio-opaque @entity7 allows for visualization of scaffolds in vivo using radiographic analysis. Spinal fixation was shown to prevent @entity5 , reduce @entity3 , and reduce scaffold @entity2 within the transected @entity0 spinal cord. Using a highly optimized model will increase the potential for finding a therapy for restoring function to the injured cord.

title: Rigid fixation of the spinal column improves scaffold alignment and prevents @entity5 in the transected XXXX spinal cord.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a report of a @entity0 with T6 butterfly vertebra, which is an uncommon @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the significance of identifying butterfly vertebra that may be confused with other pathologic conditions like @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity1 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: We report a 46-year-old @entity0 with butterfly vertebra of T6 spine. The @entity0 presented with complaints of @entity5 and examination showed an abnormal bony prominence at midthoracic level. Radiologic and hematologic investigations confirmed the presence of butterfly vertebrae at T6 level, which proved to be a coincidental finding along with nonspecific @entity5 . Knowledge about this condition is very important, since the condition can be easily confused with a pathologic @entity3 . METHODS: The @entity0 presented with a history of @entity5 of 2 months. The @entity0 was evaluated clinically and with hematological investigations. The diagnosis was confirmed with computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. RESULTS: Routine examination of the motor and sensory system was found to be normal. Roentgenogram of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine showed anterior wedging of T6 vertebrae in the lateral view and features suggestive of the presence of a butterfly vertebra at T6 level in the anteroposterior (AP) view. Hematologic evaluation was done to rule out pathologic causes of anterior wedging of the vertebra like @entity4 and @entity1 in the spine. MRI and CT scans of the spine confirmed the presence of T6 butterfly vertebra. @entity0 was treated for her @entity5 and assured that the abnormal midthoracic bony prominence was a benign condition that needs no treatment. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion is needed to identify this @entity2 that may be confused with many pathologic conditions. Knowledge of this condition helps in making rational use of extensive noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures.

title: Butterfly vertebra: an uncommon XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare responses in two @entity0 populations with a questionnaire developed to identify those prescribed ocular @entity1 medication whose adherence may need improvement and who may be ready to change. METHODS: The content/face validity of a 62-item, self-administered questionnaire was confirmed by nine @entity2 specialists. Questions concerned demographics, health and medications, use of/problems with medications, and visual function. The questionnaire was administered anonymously to 102 consecutive @entity0 in a @entity2 referral practice (' @entity2 practice') and 100 from a multispecialty ophthalmology practice ('multispecialty practice'). All @entity0 were prescribed >or=1 ocular @entity1 medication and had no previous trabeculectomy. RESULTS: @entity0 in the @entity2 practice were more likely to be younger, African-American, and better educated (P<0.05 for each). In both, >80% had @entity2 with >60% diagnosed >or=3 years previously. Most ( @entity2 , multispecialty: 87, 93%) reported administering drops every day, but more in the multispecialty practice reported administering drops at the same time every day (79, 92%; P<0.05). Number of adherence problems (mean, 1/ @entity0 ) and adherence scores (mean, 24; possible scale range, 0-25) were similar. Common adherence barriers were falling asleep and forgetting when the regular schedule changed or when travelling. In the @entity2 practice, the number of adherence problems was correlated with adherence score (r=-0.611; P<0.0001) and number of side effects (r=0.349; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Similarities between @entity0 populations limited our ability to compare responses between groups or to propose adherence counselling tailored to specific demographics. Until such recommendations are possible, physicians should incorporate adherence counselling broadly into their practices.

title: An assessment of readiness for behaviour change in @entity0 prescribed ocular XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare responses in two @entity0 populations with a questionnaire developed to identify those prescribed ocular @entity1 medication whose adherence may need improvement and who may be ready to change. METHODS: The content/face validity of a 62-item, self-administered questionnaire was confirmed by nine @entity2 specialists. Questions concerned demographics, health and medications, use of/problems with medications, and visual function. The questionnaire was administered anonymously to 102 consecutive @entity0 in a @entity2 referral practice (' @entity2 practice') and 100 from a multispecialty ophthalmology practice ('multispecialty practice'). All @entity0 were prescribed >or=1 ocular @entity1 medication and had no previous trabeculectomy. RESULTS: @entity0 in the @entity2 practice were more likely to be younger, African-American, and better educated (P<0.05 for each). In both, >80% had @entity2 with >60% diagnosed >or=3 years previously. Most ( @entity2 , multispecialty: 87, 93%) reported administering drops every day, but more in the multispecialty practice reported administering drops at the same time every day (79, 92%; P<0.05). Number of adherence problems (mean, 1/ @entity0 ) and adherence scores (mean, 24; possible scale range, 0-25) were similar. Common adherence barriers were falling asleep and forgetting when the regular schedule changed or when travelling. In the @entity2 practice, the number of adherence problems was correlated with adherence score (r=-0.611; P<0.0001) and number of side effects (r=0.349; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Similarities between @entity0 populations limited our ability to compare responses between groups or to propose adherence counselling tailored to specific demographics. Until such recommendations are possible, physicians should incorporate adherence counselling broadly into their practices.

title: An assessment of readiness for behaviour change in XXXX prescribed ocular @entity1 therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Genetic aberrations associated with the development of extranodal high-grade large @entity7 originating in the stomach have not been fully identified yet. We analyzed 31 such @entity4 using 73 microsatellite markers for @entity2 and @entity3 . The highest frequency (42%) of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was found on the long arm of chromosome 6. We identified 2 LOH hot spots on 6q21-22.1 and 6q23.3-25, flanked by markers D6S246-D6S261 and D6S310-D6S441, respectively, containing putative @entity1 ( @entity1 ). These 6q aberrations were found to be the sole @entity2 in 1 @entity0 only; they were mostly accompanied by additional abnormalities. Several known @entity1 , namely, the APC, @entity9 / @entity6 , @entity5 , and DCC genes, were found to suffer frequent LOH during lymphomagenesis. LOH was also detected in regions containing putative @entity1 on 7q and 13q14. Frequent amplification of genomic material was found in the 2p, 3q27 at the @entity8 gene locus, 6p, 7q, 11q23-24 at the @entity10 gene locus, and 18q regions. Analysis of the pattern of occurrence of these aberrations revealed an association of the amplification of the @entity10 gene region with LOH at the @entity5 locus (P =.02). Only low frequency of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was detected in these @entity4 and @entity3 incidence increased with age (P =.01). Karyotypic instability thus plays the main role in the development of gastric high-grade large @entity7 . Common genetic aberrations responsible for lymphomagenesis are deletions of 6q, loss of @entity5 , and amplification of the 3q27 and the @entity10 gene regions. (Blood. 2000;95:1180-1187)

title: Genetic aberrations common in gastric high-grade large XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A 40-year-old @entity0 had an intrathecal @entity4 - @entity7 pump inserted for the treatment of severe @entity9 affecting all limbs and severe @entity6 . The etiology of his @entity10 , despite thorough investigations, was uncertain. At age 45, the @entity0 fell resulting in a cervical @entity5 . He underwent C2 through C5 instrumentation and fusion for cervical spine stabilization. Subsequently, an intrathecal @entity4 - @entity7 pump was implanted to control @entity2 and decrease @entity3 . The @entity0 ultimately died at age 48 from complications of @entity1 , and an autopsy was performed. Gross pathologic examination revealed that the intrathecal catheter entered the posterior aspect of the lumbar thecal sac, but coursed superiorly in the anterior intradural space. The catheter tip exited the thecal sac in the upper thoracic spine and became embedded in a @entity8 . Displacement of the catheter tip of the intrathecal @entity4 - @entity7 pump and subsequent formation of @entity8 tissue resulted in decreased drug delivery, contributing to diminished @entity2 control and functional status. Catheter displacement and epidural @entity8 formation must be considered as a potential cause of @entity2 control and decreased functional status in @entity0 with intrathecal @entity4 - @entity7 pumps.

title: The complications of XXXX formation associated with intrathecal pump placement.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) can enhance the neovascularization of the @entity1 myocardium. Peripheral blood and bone marrow are the most convenient resources for EPC. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate, in vitro and in vivo, the different biological properties between circulating EPC (CEPC) and bone marrow EPC (BM-EPC) of AMI @entity0 . METHODS: The proliferative, migrative, adherent and angiogenic properties were investigated in vitro. 1 x 10 (6) CEPCs, 1 x 10 (6) BM-EPCs and medium (EBM-2) were injected in the myocardium of AMI @entity0 . Echocardiography, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), capillary density and Y chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed at 4 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS: The CEPCs had higher proliferative, migrative, adherent capabilities and lower senescent ratio, could adhere more quickly to fibronectin than BM-EPCs. CEPCs could form capillary-like structures whereas BM-EPCs did not show similar structures on Matrigel. in vivo, transplanted CEPCs and BM-EPCs were found in cardiac tissue by FISH. CEPCs treatment led to a better cardiac function, @entity2 and capillary density than BM-EPCs. CONCLUSION: Different biological properties were observed between CEPCs and BM-EPCs. Autologous CEPCs are more suitable for the AMI @entity0 .

title: Different biological properties of circulating and bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines the prevalence of @entity1 morbidity in a large sample of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 in three phases of recovery and its effects on cognitive functioning. METHODS: Eight-six self-referred @entity3 @entity0 received @entity1 and neuropsychological evaluations. Descriptive statistics were conducted to examine the prevalence of @entity1 morbidity. Polytomous logistic regression was used to identify predictors of @entity1 diagnosis. Between-subjects analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted to examine the effects of @entity1 morbidity on cognitive functioning. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of subjects warranted a @entity1 diagnosis. Long-term @entity0 compared to acute @entity0 were more likely to be diagnosed with two diagnoses than not having any diagnosis (OR=14.30, 95% CI 1.40-38.71). @entity0 with two diagnoses performed worse than both @entity0 with a single or no diagnosis on all cognitive outcome measures (P<.05). Voltage level, @entity2 and litigation status did not predict @entity1 morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric difficulties commonly emerge and persist following @entity3 . @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 conditions exhibited poorer cognitive performance as compared to @entity3 @entity0 with no post-injury @entity1 difficulties. Health care professionals need to devote careful attention to @entity1 and cognitive status when treating survivors of @entity3 .

title: Psychiatric morbidity following XXXX and its effects on cognitive functioning.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether electroacupuncture is a safe and effective alternative to pharmacologic sedation/analgesia in uterine artery embolization (UAE) for @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nonrandomized prospective study was undertaken in 70 consecutive @entity0 (mean age, 39.5 years) undergoing UAE with @entity4 ( @entity2 ) particles between August 2006 and January 2007. Thirty-three @entity0 chose to undergo UAE under electroacupuncture anesthesia (EAA; group A) and 37 were treated under local pharmacologic anesthesia (group B). @entity1 scores (rated from 0 to 10) in both groups were compared during and after the procedure. The outcome of UAE was evaluated at 6 months. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 scores during embolization were 0.36 in group A and 0.84 in group B; scores after embolization and before discharge were 3.00 in group A and 4.49 in group B; and scores at discharge were 0.97 in group A and 2.11 in group B. These differences were statistically significant after embolization and at hospital discharge (P= .02 and P= .0001, respectively). All @entity0 except one in each group were discharged from the hospital 4-8 hours after UAE; the two who remained longer had severe @entity1 . There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes, nor in uterine and @entity3 volumes, at discharge and at 6 months (P > 0.99 and P= .72, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was a statistically significant postembolization @entity1 reduction in @entity0 treated under EAA versus local pharmacologic anesthesia and no differences in UAE outcomes between groups at 6 months.

title: Uterine artery embolization under electroacupuncture for uterine XXXX .

answer: @entity3