abstract: Efficacy and safety of @entity2 ( @entity9 ), a new @entity3 antibacterial agent, were investigated in cases of sexually transmitted male @entity7 and @entity6 . @entity1 occupied a large part of the @entity0 enrolled. This study was conducted in 29 institutions. A total of 1,126 @entity0 with @entity5 , chlamydial or non- @entity5 non- @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The general dosing regimen of oral @entity9 was 100 mg t.i.d. or 200 mg t.i.d. for 14 consecutive days. Along with the clinical efficacy evaluated by doctors in charge, therapeutic and clinical efficacies were determined according to standardized evaluation criteria. The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy was based on bacterial eradication. On the other hand, clinical efficacy was determined upon the improvement in causative bacteria, WBC counts in smear (or initial urine) specimens and urethra/cervical discharges. Clinical efficacy was determined on 7 and 14 days after starting the medication, except for @entity5 for which the efficacy was determined on Day 3 and Day 7. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Efficacy evaluation by standardized criteria Therapeutic efficacy rates in @entity5 were 97.9% (93/95) on Day 3 and 100% (119/119) on Day 7. In @entity1 , the rates were 77.7% (363/467) on Day 7 and 93.6% (392/419) on Day 14. @entity8 rated 94.8% (239/252) and @entity6 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in @entity5 were 63.2% (60/95) on Day 3 and 95.8% (114/119) on Day 7. In @entity1 , they were 70.0% (327/467) on Day 7 and 89.7% (376/419) on Day 14. @entity8 rated 88.5% (223/252) and @entity6 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in non- @entity5 non- @entity1 were 93.3% (97/104) for male @entity7 and 65.9% (27/41) for @entity6 on Day 14. 2. Clinical efficacy determined by doctors in charge A total of 1,028 cases, 752 @entity7 and 276 @entity6 cases, was evaluated by doctors in charge. Clinical efficacy rates were 90.3% for @entity7 and 92.4% for @entity6 . 3. Safety Safety evaluations was conducted in 1,087 @entity0 . Side effects were observed in 23 @entity0 among them (2.12%). None of them were deemed serious. General laboratory examinations were conducted for 169 @entity0 . Abnormal findings were seen in 11 @entity0 (6.51%) or 13 cases, all of which were minor. The results of this multi-center clinical trial demonstrated that @entity9 is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), both @entity5 .

title: [Efficacy of @entity2 in sexually transmitted male XXXX and @entity6 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Efficacy and safety of @entity2 ( @entity9 ), a new @entity3 antibacterial agent, were investigated in cases of sexually transmitted male @entity7 and @entity6 . @entity1 occupied a large part of the @entity0 enrolled. This study was conducted in 29 institutions. A total of 1,126 @entity0 with @entity5 , chlamydial or non- @entity5 non- @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The general dosing regimen of oral @entity9 was 100 mg t.i.d. or 200 mg t.i.d. for 14 consecutive days. Along with the clinical efficacy evaluated by doctors in charge, therapeutic and clinical efficacies were determined according to standardized evaluation criteria. The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy was based on bacterial eradication. On the other hand, clinical efficacy was determined upon the improvement in causative bacteria, WBC counts in smear (or initial urine) specimens and urethra/cervical discharges. Clinical efficacy was determined on 7 and 14 days after starting the medication, except for @entity5 for which the efficacy was determined on Day 3 and Day 7. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Efficacy evaluation by standardized criteria Therapeutic efficacy rates in @entity5 were 97.9% (93/95) on Day 3 and 100% (119/119) on Day 7. In @entity1 , the rates were 77.7% (363/467) on Day 7 and 93.6% (392/419) on Day 14. @entity8 rated 94.8% (239/252) and @entity6 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in @entity5 were 63.2% (60/95) on Day 3 and 95.8% (114/119) on Day 7. In @entity1 , they were 70.0% (327/467) on Day 7 and 89.7% (376/419) on Day 14. @entity8 rated 88.5% (223/252) and @entity6 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in non- @entity5 non- @entity1 were 93.3% (97/104) for male @entity7 and 65.9% (27/41) for @entity6 on Day 14. 2. Clinical efficacy determined by doctors in charge A total of 1,028 cases, 752 @entity7 and 276 @entity6 cases, was evaluated by doctors in charge. Clinical efficacy rates were 90.3% for @entity7 and 92.4% for @entity6 . 3. Safety Safety evaluations was conducted in 1,087 @entity0 . Side effects were observed in 23 @entity0 among them (2.12%). None of them were deemed serious. General laboratory examinations were conducted for 169 @entity0 . Abnormal findings were seen in 11 @entity0 (6.51%) or 13 cases, all of which were minor. The results of this multi-center clinical trial demonstrated that @entity9 is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), both @entity5 .

title: [Efficacy of XXXX in sexually transmitted male @entity7 and @entity6 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 of the @entity1 ( @entity4 ) is the sixth most frequent @entity0 worldwide, comprising almost 50% of all @entity0 in some developing nations. In the United States, 30,000 new cases and 8,000 @entity3 are reported each year. Survival rates vary depending on @entity5 and @entity2 consumption, age, gender, ethnic background, and geographic area. This variability reflects the multifactorial pathogenesis of the disease. Early detection and diagnosis has increased survival but the overall 5 year rate of 50% is among the lowest of the major @entity0 . Differences between normal epithelium and @entity0 cells of the upper aerodigestive tract arise from specific alterations in genes controlling DNA repair, proliferation, immortalization, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis. These proteins include both @entity0 suppressors and activating oncogenes which regulate a wide variety of intracellular signaling pathways. Included in these pathways are growth factor receptors, signal transducers, and transcription factors which regulate DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and programmed cell death. In @entity1 , alterations of three signaling pathways occur with sufficient frequency and produce such dramatic phenotypic changes as to be considered the critical transforming events of the disease. These changes include mutation of the p53 @entity0 suppressor, inactivation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p16, and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This review will focus on the molecular changes which occur in these pathways and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity4 .

title: Molecular pathology of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: An increased level of glucocorticoid receptors has been found in @entity4 . The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo effect of glucocorticoid on the growth of @entity2 @entity4 cells. In vitro cell growth was determined by @entity3 assay, while cell cycle progression was assayed with flow cytometry. For in vivo experiments, @entity0 and Hepa 1-6 cells were implanted in BALB/c and @entity6 @entity2 , respectively. Each @entity2 received 4 subcutaneous injections of @entity5 and/or @entity7 after @entity1 implantation. We found that glucocorticoid treatment of @entity0 and Hepa 1-6 cells in vitro resulted in an increase in cell growth which was partially inhibited by @entity7 , a glucocorticoid antagonist. Glucocorticoid treatment enhanced the cell cycle progression of @entity0 cells. The incidence of @entity1 in the @entity5 group was significantly higher than that of the saline, @entity7 , or @entity5 plus @entity7 groups. @entity7 partially blocked the @entity5 -stimulated growth of @entity4 . Further study showed that glucocorticoid treatment of @entity6 @entity2 also stimulated Hepa 1-6 @entity1 growth. In conclusion, our results indicated that glucocorticoid directly stimulated @entity4 growth and this stimulation was not the result of immune suppression. Glucocorticoids may play an important role in regulating the growth of @entity4 .

title: In vivo and in vitro growth stimulation of @entity2 XXXX cells by glucocorticoid.

answer: @entity4


abstract: An increased level of glucocorticoid receptors has been found in @entity4 . The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo effect of glucocorticoid on the growth of @entity2 @entity4 cells. In vitro cell growth was determined by @entity3 assay, while cell cycle progression was assayed with flow cytometry. For in vivo experiments, @entity0 and Hepa 1-6 cells were implanted in BALB/c and @entity6 @entity2 , respectively. Each @entity2 received 4 subcutaneous injections of @entity5 and/or @entity7 after @entity1 implantation. We found that glucocorticoid treatment of @entity0 and Hepa 1-6 cells in vitro resulted in an increase in cell growth which was partially inhibited by @entity7 , a glucocorticoid antagonist. Glucocorticoid treatment enhanced the cell cycle progression of @entity0 cells. The incidence of @entity1 in the @entity5 group was significantly higher than that of the saline, @entity7 , or @entity5 plus @entity7 groups. @entity7 partially blocked the @entity5 -stimulated growth of @entity4 . Further study showed that glucocorticoid treatment of @entity6 @entity2 also stimulated Hepa 1-6 @entity1 growth. In conclusion, our results indicated that glucocorticoid directly stimulated @entity4 growth and this stimulation was not the result of immune suppression. Glucocorticoids may play an important role in regulating the growth of @entity4 .

title: In vivo and in vitro growth stimulation of XXXX @entity4 cells by glucocorticoid.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The visual sensations many @entity0 experience during @entity4 surgery under local anaesthesia have received little attention until recently. This paper reviews the recent studies on this phenomenon, discusses its clinical significance and suggests novel approaches to reduce its negative impact on the surgery. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: Many @entity0 who have @entity4 surgery under retrobulbar, peribulbar or topical anaesthesia experience a @entity3 in their operated eye during surgery. These visual sensations include perception of light, movements, flashes, one or more colours, surgical instruments, the surgeon's hand/fingers, the surgeon and changes in light brightness. Some @entity0 experience transient no light perception, even if the operation is performed under topical anaesthesia. The clinical significance of this phenomenon lies in the fact that approximately 7.1% to 15.4% of @entity0 find their visual experience frightening. This fear and @entity2 may cause some @entity0 to become uncooperative during surgery and trigger a sympathetic surge, causing such undesirable effects as @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity7 on the heart, @entity8 and acute @entity6 attack. Several approaches to reduce the negative impact of @entity0 ' visual experience are suggested, including appropriate preoperative counselling and reducing the ability of @entity0 to see during surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The findings that some @entity0 find their intraoperative visual experience distressing have a major impact on the way ophthalmologists manage their @entity4 @entity0 . To reduce its negative impact, surgeons should consider incorporating appropriate preoperative counselling on potential intraoperative visual experience when obtaining informed consent for surgery.

title: 6th Yahya Cohen Lecture: visual experience during XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. The concentration-response curves for rate of mucus output, labelled-glycoprotein output and smooth muscle contraction in response to @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity3 were determined in the ferret @entity0 in vitro. 2. The potencies of @entity2 and @entity1 are both in order: smooth muscle contraction, glycoprotein output, rate of mucus output. 3. At lower concentrations @entity2 is more potent than is @entity1 on smooth muscle contraction, glycoprotein output and rate of mucus output. 4. Concentration-response curves for @entity3 show very little change in rate of mucus output but a large increase in glycoprotein output. 5. It is concluded that the glycoprotein output induced by @entity3 may come from a source different from those induced by @entity2 and @entity1 .

title: Comparison of mucus flow rate, radiolabelled glycoprotein output and smooth muscle contraction in the ferret XXXX in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. The technique of microiontophoresis was used to investigate the identity of the receptor mediating the excitatory effects of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) upon neurones in the midline of the medullary brainstem of the @entity0 in vivo. 2. The 5-HT1-like receptor agonists @entity10 (5-CT) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) failed to excite the majority of neurones excited by @entity1 . The mobilities of @entity11 and @entity8 when tested in vitro were found not to differ significantly from that of @entity1 , suggesting that the lack of effect of these agonists was not due to a lower rate of release from the microelectrodes. 3. The excitatory responses to @entity1 were attenuated by the @entity1 2-receptor antagonists @entity7 and @entity5 when applied microiontophoretically or administered intravenously (0.3 and 1 mg kg-1 respectively). Excitatory responses to @entity3 and @entity2 were not reduced. 4. The @entity6 antagonist @entity9 failed to attenuate selectively the excitatory response to @entity1 when applied either by microiontophoresis or administered intravenously (1 mg kg-1). 5. Microiontophoretic application of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity4 did not attenuate excitatory responses to either @entity1 or @entity2 . Intravenously administered prazosin (0.8 mg kg-1) also failed to attenuate excitatory responses to @entity1 , but did block excitatory responses to @entity2 . 6. These results suggest that 5-HT2-receptors, but not 5-HT1-like receptors, 5-HT3-receptors or alpha 1-adrenoceptors, are involved in the excitatory response of midline medullary neurones to @entity1 .

title: Evidence for excitatory 5-HT2-receptors on XXXX brainstem neurones.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the prevalence of @entity6 in candidates for lung transplantation and to establish if there are any differences in the prevalence of @entity6 among the different groups of @entity0 regarding their illness. METHODS: We reviewed the nutritional evaluation of 163 consecutive transplant candidates referred to our hospital (1996-2001). The nutritional assessment included: clinical history, anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and biochemical measurements. The nutritional status diagnosis was determined following @entity8 Chang protocol. RESULTS: 163 @entity0 (108 male/55 female; 42.9 +/- 14.7 yr.) agrupped into four main @entity2 groups: obstructive ( @entity3 ): 60 (36.8%); interstitial ( @entity5 ): 45 (27.6%); septic ( @entity4 and @entity7 ): 47 (28.8%); and vascular ( @entity1 and miscellaneous etiology): 11 (6.7%). The prevalence of @entity6 is 60.9% (IC 95%; 53.4-68.4) and the most prevalent type is moderate @entity6 (23.3%). Percentage of triceps skinfold thickness was lower in the septic group (65.1 +/- 43.0) than in the obstructive (94.8 +/- 53.9; p < 0.05) or in the interstitial one (130.3 +/- 61.5; p < 0.0001). Interstitial group had also the higher weight, BMI and percentage of ideal weight. Percentage of arm muscle circumference was only different between interstitial and septic groups (105.5 +/- 18.3 vs 95.9 +/- 11.1; p < 0.01). Resting energy expenditure was lower in septic @entity0 . This group had lower levels of prealbumin than obstructive (17.6 +/- 4.7 vs 24.4 +/- 4.8 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) or interstitial groups (17.6 +/- 4.7 vs 27.3 +/- 7.7 mg/dl; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition in @entity0 awaiting lung transplantation is highly prevalent, specially in @entity2 . Anthropometric measurements are a good and easy option to explore this problem. Nutritional rehabilitation of these @entity0 could improve their postoperative course.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX among candidates for lung transplantation].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Autopsies in 20 @entity0 with the @entity5 ( @entity5 )-related @entity4 were studied retrospectively to ascertain the precise cause of @entity3 and the extent of @entity1 . Eight @entity0 had primary central nervous system (CNS) @entity4 : two of them were diagnosed antemortem; @entity2 was suspected in three others by computerized tomographic (CT) scan and was confirmed at autopsy. The remaining three were diagnosed incidentally at autopsy. All had concurrent infections at autopsy, including @entity6 in six and pyogenic infections in two. @entity6 at autopsy in these @entity0 outnumbered those diagnosed clinically. Twelve @entity0 had @entity4 . Three were diagnosed only at autopsy, two of whom had extensive @entity7 ( @entity7 ) as well. Eight @entity0 were treated with chemotherapy, but died with disseminated disease. @entity6 were found at autopsy in five @entity0 . Secondary involvement of the CNS by @entity4 was frequent (66%) and was not related to previous bone marrow involvement. The authors conclude that the incidence of @entity4 occurring in @entity5 may be more frequent than diagnosed clinically. Similarly, multiple @entity6 occur in these @entity0 which are not diagnosed premortem and may contribute to @entity3 .

title: Autopsy findings in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: DNA has been implicated as the critical target for @entity2 ( @entity6 )-induced @entity1 . In vitro, DNA- @entity3 adducts inhibit DNA synthesis. An assessment of the inhibition of DNA synthesis in @entity0 @entity4 L1210 cells demonstrated that, although cell division was halted, DNA replication continued for a period of time. The DNA underwent almost a complete doubling even in cells that did not divide. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a slowed synthetic phase which progressed to a block in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. The duration of the G2 block was proportional to the concentration of @entity6 . Low concentrations of @entity6 caused the cells to be transiently blocked in the G2 phase for 24 to 48 h. Higher concentrations of @entity6 resulted in a G2 arrest that was not reversed by 96 h. After this time, the arrested cells appeared to disintegrate, rather than recover. Cell survival and @entity5 exclusion studies indicated that, at low drug concentrations, cells which had transiently arrested in the G2 phase survived, while at higher concentrations only a limited number of survivors were responsible for the observed recovery of growth. Analysis of DNA double-strand breaks showed that significant numbers of breaks only occurred at concentrations of @entity6 that subsequently led to debris detectable on the flow cytometer and to loss of @entity5 exclusion. The formation of these breaks appeared to be the first detectable change that was indicative of cell death. It is proposed that cells arrest in the G2 phase because they are unable to transcribe damaged DNA and make mRNA essential for passage into mitosis. DNA repair probably overcomes this arrest. Cell death may therefore be a consequence of the inability to adequately recover transcription.

title: Mechanism of XXXX -induced @entity1 : role of G2 arrest and DNA double-strand breaks.

answer: @entity2


abstract: DNA has been implicated as the critical target for @entity2 ( @entity6 )-induced @entity1 . In vitro, DNA- @entity3 adducts inhibit DNA synthesis. An assessment of the inhibition of DNA synthesis in @entity0 @entity4 L1210 cells demonstrated that, although cell division was halted, DNA replication continued for a period of time. The DNA underwent almost a complete doubling even in cells that did not divide. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a slowed synthetic phase which progressed to a block in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. The duration of the G2 block was proportional to the concentration of @entity6 . Low concentrations of @entity6 caused the cells to be transiently blocked in the G2 phase for 24 to 48 h. Higher concentrations of @entity6 resulted in a G2 arrest that was not reversed by 96 h. After this time, the arrested cells appeared to disintegrate, rather than recover. Cell survival and @entity5 exclusion studies indicated that, at low drug concentrations, cells which had transiently arrested in the G2 phase survived, while at higher concentrations only a limited number of survivors were responsible for the observed recovery of growth. Analysis of DNA double-strand breaks showed that significant numbers of breaks only occurred at concentrations of @entity6 that subsequently led to debris detectable on the flow cytometer and to loss of @entity5 exclusion. The formation of these breaks appeared to be the first detectable change that was indicative of cell death. It is proposed that cells arrest in the G2 phase because they are unable to transcribe damaged DNA and make mRNA essential for passage into mitosis. DNA repair probably overcomes this arrest. Cell death may therefore be a consequence of the inability to adequately recover transcription.

title: Mechanism of @entity2 -induced XXXX : role of G2 arrest and DNA double-strand breaks.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 less than 1500 grams at birth have been demonstrated to be particularly prone to development of low levels of serum @entity1 often leading to increased early neonatal morbidity and mortality. No local study has been done to quantify this problem among sick newborns. Studies elsewhere demonstrate a high incidence of hyponatraemia among such preterms. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of @entity0 early neonatal morbidity on serum @entity1 levels and justify regular monitoring and supplementation. DESIGN: Comparative cohort study. SETTING: Newborn Unit, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. SUBJECTS: Fifty six very low birth weight (1000-1500 grams at birth) @entity0 during their first week of life. Half of them were designated as cases in view of having various early neonatal illnesses. The remaining 28 being clinically stable were taken as controls. These two groups had comparable birthweights, sex distribution and gestational ages. Their @entity1 intakes were also similar during the first week of life. RESULTS: The sick @entity0 (cases) had persistently low serum @entity1 (mean of 120 mmols/L) throughout the first week while among the healthy @entity0 (controls) a sequential increase from 127 to 133 mmol/l, (mean values) was observed during the same period. The difference registered on day seven (133 versus 120) was statistically significant (p = 0.02). Using a cut off point of 130 mmol/L to define hyponatraemia the proportion of @entity0 with hyponatraemia, which was similar at the beginning became higher among the cases for the rest of the week with the largest disparity observed on the seventh day (75% versus 23%, p = 0.007). Urinary @entity1 losses as measured by Fractional @entity1 Excretion were also initially similar between the two groups but later became higher among the cases (4.96 versus 3.5 p=0.08). CONCLUSION: Very low birth weight @entity0 who are ill have lower serum @entity1 and are more likely to develop significant hyponatraemia than their healthy counterparts during the first week of life. Standard care of these sick @entity0 must therefore routinely include regular monitoring of serum @entity1 and its correction if found to be low.

title: Hyponatraemia in very low birth weight XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Specific characters of the @entity4 as a @entity0 are well known. We report twelve cases of femoral neck localisation. Delays in diagnosis of six months to one year after the onset of symptoms are quite common. Chronic or recurrent @entity2 is localised in the inguinal area with a projection to the leg and to the knee. The @entity2 was relieved by @entity1 in six cases only. X ray of the pelvis antero-posterior showed the @entity0 , but did not always show the lucent image with the surrounding sclerotic area that is well observed with tomography. The scintigraphy with @entity3 99 is perhaps more sensitive as a way of diagnosis. The lesion is the place of intensive uptake. Although the surgical excision "in block" and the replacing of bone graft and material of osteosynthesis gave positive results, many technical problems are present during the intervention because of the important cortical reaction and bone densification. In six cases, peroperative X Ray and histology did not give diagnosis.

title: [ XXXX of the femur neck in children and adolescents. Apropos of 12 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We evaluated dilation technique (n = 80) and aortic valve morphology by two-dimensional echocardiography (n = 58) in @entity0 with @entity3 to determine their influence on outcome. @entity0 ' age (9 +/- 9 years; range, 1 day-39 years) and a history of surgical valvotomy did not influence outcome. The number of dilating balloons (one vs. two) and balloon: annulus ratio based on the largest balloon used in each case (97 +/- 12%; range, 71-133%) did not demonstrably influence the percent reduction in valvar gradient. In contrast, with a balloon: annulus ratio greater than 100%, the incidence (26%) of significant, dilation-induced @entity2 was higher than occurred when the ratio was equal to or less than 100% (11%). Fifty bicommissural and eight unicommissural valves were identified echocardiographically. Relief of obstruction was associated with apparent commissural division in 24 of 32 @entity0 with suitable postdilation studies. The sites of fusion and @entity4 relief did not influence percent reduction in valvar gradient. Substantial increases in @entity2 (greater than three of five grades) occurred in three of eight unicommissural and one of 50 bicommissural valves. The presence of a thick valve was associated with a slightly lower gradient reduction (53 +/- 12%) than thin and pliant valves (63 +/- 24%) (p greater than 0.05). Unlike all other @entity1 we have studied, dilation technique and balloon size appeared to have a lesser influence on percent reduction in valvar gradient in @entity3 , although balloon: annulus ratio influences the increase in @entity2 . Valve morphology appears to assist with predicting the outcome of dilation.

title: Balloon dilation of XXXX . Results and influence of technical and morphological features on outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The metabolism of @entity7 ( @entity2 ) by primary cultures of @entity0 ovarian cells has been studied to identify the cell type(s) responsible for biotransformation of this carcinogen. The rate of @entity2 metabolism was maximal in granulosa cells prestimulated in vivo with antiestrogen, hMG ( @entity0 menopausal gonadotropin) and hCG ( @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin), i.e., treatments required for maximal oocyte maturation and, thus, granulosa cell proliferation. In cells from unstimulated ovaries, the metabolism was maximal in granulosa- @entity8 cells isolated from corpus luteum. 2. @entity3 ( @entity5 and @entity1 ) levels were determined in the spent culture media or in media in parallel with @entity2 metabolism to find out whether elevated @entity3 levels in vivo are required for the rapid metabolism of @entity2 . In granulosa cell cultures from stimulated cycles, the concentrations of both @entity5 and @entity1 were at least 2 or 3 times higher, respectively, than in any of the other cell types tested. In cell cultures derived from unstimulated ovaries, the @entity5 and @entity1 concentrations were highest in granulosa- @entity8 cell cultures. 3. Incubations of granulosa cells with @entity2 in the absence or presence of gonadotropins, @entity4 or anti--hCG were performed to investigate possible hormonal requirements for the @entity10 system(s) which metabolize @entity2 . No change in the rate of metabolism was obtained with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), hCG or @entity4 . However, anti-hCG increased this activity about 70%, indicating a negative modulatory role of hCG on @entity2 mono-oxygenase activity in @entity0 granulosa cells. 4. @entity2 mono-oxygenase activity in cell cultures was inhibited about 95% by @entity9 ( @entity11 ), an inhibitor of certain @entity10 -catalysed activities. @entity6 (BP) was metabolized at the same rate as @entity2 in granulosa cell cultures.

title: Metabolism of XXXX by different types of cells in the @entity0 ovary.

answer: @entity7


abstract: 1. The metabolism of @entity7 ( @entity2 ) by primary cultures of @entity0 ovarian cells has been studied to identify the cell type(s) responsible for biotransformation of this carcinogen. The rate of @entity2 metabolism was maximal in granulosa cells prestimulated in vivo with antiestrogen, hMG ( @entity0 menopausal gonadotropin) and hCG ( @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin), i.e., treatments required for maximal oocyte maturation and, thus, granulosa cell proliferation. In cells from unstimulated ovaries, the metabolism was maximal in granulosa- @entity8 cells isolated from corpus luteum. 2. @entity3 ( @entity5 and @entity1 ) levels were determined in the spent culture media or in media in parallel with @entity2 metabolism to find out whether elevated @entity3 levels in vivo are required for the rapid metabolism of @entity2 . In granulosa cell cultures from stimulated cycles, the concentrations of both @entity5 and @entity1 were at least 2 or 3 times higher, respectively, than in any of the other cell types tested. In cell cultures derived from unstimulated ovaries, the @entity5 and @entity1 concentrations were highest in granulosa- @entity8 cell cultures. 3. Incubations of granulosa cells with @entity2 in the absence or presence of gonadotropins, @entity4 or anti--hCG were performed to investigate possible hormonal requirements for the @entity10 system(s) which metabolize @entity2 . No change in the rate of metabolism was obtained with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), hCG or @entity4 . However, anti-hCG increased this activity about 70%, indicating a negative modulatory role of hCG on @entity2 mono-oxygenase activity in @entity0 granulosa cells. 4. @entity2 mono-oxygenase activity in cell cultures was inhibited about 95% by @entity9 ( @entity11 ), an inhibitor of certain @entity10 -catalysed activities. @entity6 (BP) was metabolized at the same rate as @entity2 in granulosa cell cultures.

title: Metabolism of @entity7 by different types of cells in the XXXX ovary.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A method for measuring the organic @entity3 focus induced by @entity4 infusion into @entity0 brain was devised, and the statistical relationship between the measured values and @entity1 signs in the @entity0 was studied. By the infusion of @entity4 , a high incidence of @entity2 was found in the live @entity0 with uniformly necrotized foci. The size of these foci ( @entity3 rate) were measured by transcripting them to a graduated brain sheet. The relationship between the independent parameter of the @entity3 rate and the dependent parameter of @entity1 signs was fully analyzed by multidimensional quantification. Many animals showed no @entity1 signs despite having lesions (false negative). By contract, no animal without any lesion showed @entity1 signs (false positive). When each parameter of these signs were quantified and normalized, the stumbling and abnormal posture signs showed a wide range of values, relatively accurately reflecting the @entity3 degree. Moreover, the highest partial correlation ratio between the various parameters was found to be that between the stumbling and abnormal @entity1 signs. Thus, it may be said that the stumbling and the abnormal @entity1 signs can be considered relatively good parameters for evaluating the degree of an @entity3 . These parameters should be useful for the testing of anti- @entity3 drugs.

title: [A quantitative measurement of the @entity2 focus induced by @entity4 infusion and the relationship between measured values and XXXX signs].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A method for measuring the organic @entity3 focus induced by @entity4 infusion into @entity0 brain was devised, and the statistical relationship between the measured values and @entity1 signs in the @entity0 was studied. By the infusion of @entity4 , a high incidence of @entity2 was found in the live @entity0 with uniformly necrotized foci. The size of these foci ( @entity3 rate) were measured by transcripting them to a graduated brain sheet. The relationship between the independent parameter of the @entity3 rate and the dependent parameter of @entity1 signs was fully analyzed by multidimensional quantification. Many animals showed no @entity1 signs despite having lesions (false negative). By contract, no animal without any lesion showed @entity1 signs (false positive). When each parameter of these signs were quantified and normalized, the stumbling and abnormal posture signs showed a wide range of values, relatively accurately reflecting the @entity3 degree. Moreover, the highest partial correlation ratio between the various parameters was found to be that between the stumbling and abnormal @entity1 signs. Thus, it may be said that the stumbling and the abnormal @entity1 signs can be considered relatively good parameters for evaluating the degree of an @entity3 . These parameters should be useful for the testing of anti- @entity3 drugs.

title: [A quantitative measurement of the XXXX focus induced by @entity4 infusion and the relationship between measured values and @entity1 signs].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A method for measuring the organic @entity3 focus induced by @entity4 infusion into @entity0 brain was devised, and the statistical relationship between the measured values and @entity1 signs in the @entity0 was studied. By the infusion of @entity4 , a high incidence of @entity2 was found in the live @entity0 with uniformly necrotized foci. The size of these foci ( @entity3 rate) were measured by transcripting them to a graduated brain sheet. The relationship between the independent parameter of the @entity3 rate and the dependent parameter of @entity1 signs was fully analyzed by multidimensional quantification. Many animals showed no @entity1 signs despite having lesions (false negative). By contract, no animal without any lesion showed @entity1 signs (false positive). When each parameter of these signs were quantified and normalized, the stumbling and abnormal posture signs showed a wide range of values, relatively accurately reflecting the @entity3 degree. Moreover, the highest partial correlation ratio between the various parameters was found to be that between the stumbling and abnormal @entity1 signs. Thus, it may be said that the stumbling and the abnormal @entity1 signs can be considered relatively good parameters for evaluating the degree of an @entity3 . These parameters should be useful for the testing of anti- @entity3 drugs.

title: [A quantitative measurement of the @entity2 focus induced by XXXX infusion and the relationship between measured values and @entity1 signs].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Three experiments were performed to study the effect of @entity2 (DA) depletions, induced by neonatal intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), upon measures of spontaneous motor activity. Instrumental learning for food reward in an Olton radial arm maze and escape learning from a large, circular water maze were studied also. Motor activity was measured by direct observation of @entity0 in a modified radial arm maze and by use of automated test cages equipped with photocell devices. @entity3 -treated @entity0 demonstrated considerable and long-lasting locomotor (ambulation) activity and total activity increases. @entity3 -treated @entity0 showed notably less rearing activity than the vehicle-treated @entity0 during the initial 20 min of each 60-min test period. However, over the second half of these 60-min test periods, the @entity3 -treated @entity0 demonstrated significantly more rearing activity than the vehicle-treated @entity0 . In the acquisition of the running response, to obtain the 8 food pellets placed in each of the 8 arms of the radial arm maze, @entity3 @entity0 showed a retarded acquisition, as measured by the latency and number of arms visited to acquire all eight pellets. @entity3 -treated @entity0 failed completely to acquire the Morris-type swim maze task by which they were required to locate a platform just under the water surface in a circular water tank. The neurochemical assays indicated severe DA depletion in several forebrain regions. The present findings add to existing indications of the potential of this DA depletion condition as an animal model of the minimal @entity1 .

title: Neonatal XXXX -induced @entity2 depletions: motor activity and performance in maze learning.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three experiments were performed to study the effect of @entity2 (DA) depletions, induced by neonatal intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), upon measures of spontaneous motor activity. Instrumental learning for food reward in an Olton radial arm maze and escape learning from a large, circular water maze were studied also. Motor activity was measured by direct observation of @entity0 in a modified radial arm maze and by use of automated test cages equipped with photocell devices. @entity3 -treated @entity0 demonstrated considerable and long-lasting locomotor (ambulation) activity and total activity increases. @entity3 -treated @entity0 showed notably less rearing activity than the vehicle-treated @entity0 during the initial 20 min of each 60-min test period. However, over the second half of these 60-min test periods, the @entity3 -treated @entity0 demonstrated significantly more rearing activity than the vehicle-treated @entity0 . In the acquisition of the running response, to obtain the 8 food pellets placed in each of the 8 arms of the radial arm maze, @entity3 @entity0 showed a retarded acquisition, as measured by the latency and number of arms visited to acquire all eight pellets. @entity3 -treated @entity0 failed completely to acquire the Morris-type swim maze task by which they were required to locate a platform just under the water surface in a circular water tank. The neurochemical assays indicated severe DA depletion in several forebrain regions. The present findings add to existing indications of the potential of this DA depletion condition as an animal model of the minimal @entity1 .

title: Neonatal @entity3 -induced XXXX depletions: motor activity and performance in maze learning.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of visual feedback on rating @entity1 severity level and the reliability of @entity1 judgment by inexperienced listeners. For this purpose two training programs were created, each lasting 2 hours. In total 37 undergraduate speech-language therapy students participated in the study and were divided into a visual plus @entity2 (V   +   @entity2 ), an @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and a control group with no feedback (NF). All listeners completed two rating sessions judging overall severity labeled as grade (G), roughness (R), and breathiness (B). The judged voice samples contained the concatenation of continuous speech and sustained phonation. No significant rater reliability changes were found in the pre- and posttest between the three groups in every GRB-parameter (all p   >   0.05). There was a training effect seen in the significant improvement of rater reliability for roughness within the NF and @entity2 groups (all p   <   0.05), and for breathiness within the V   +   @entity2 group (p   <   0.01). The rating of the severity level of roughness changed significantly after the training in the @entity2 and V   +   @entity2 groups (p   <   0.01), and the breathiness severity level changed significantly after the training in the V   +   @entity2 group (p   <   0.01). The training of V   +   @entity2 and @entity2 may only minimally influence the reliability in the judgment of @entity1 but showed significant influence on rating the severity level of GRB parameters. Therefore, the use of both @entity0 while rating as well as longer training sessions may be required to draw a firm conclusion.

title: The effect of visual feedback and training in auditory-perceptual judgment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated a positive association between @entity1 and @entity4 . However, the effect of muscle and fat has not been fully assessed, especially in a healthy elderly population. In this study, we evaluated the impact of low muscle mass (LMM) and LMM with @entity1 on @entity3 in healthy elderly subjects. Our study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2011. @entity0 and @entity0 aged 65 yr or older were included. Muscle mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. LMM was defined as two standard deviations below the sex-specific mean for young healthy adults. Obesity was defined as body mass index >=  25 kg/m(2). The prevalence of LMM in individuals aged over 65 was 11.9%. LMM and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second) were independently associated after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, @entity2 consumption, and frequency of exercise. LMM with @entity1 was also related to a decrease in pulmonary function. This study revealed that LMM is an independent risk factor of decreased pulmonary function in healthy Korean @entity0 and @entity0 over 65 yr of age.

title: Implication of Sarcopenia and XXXX on Lung Function in Healthy Elderly: Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 (Vp) is a marine halophilic bacterium that is commonly associated with oysters and shrimp. @entity0 consumption of contaminated shellfish can result in Vp mediated @entity3 and severe @entity4 . Vp encodes two type 3 secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS2) that have been functionally implicated in @entity1 and enterotoxicity respectively. In this study, we profiled protein secretion and temporal promoter activities associated with exsA and exsB gene expression. exsA is an AraC-like transcriptional activator that is critical for activating multiple operons that encode T3SS-1 genes, whereas exsB is thought to encode an outer membrane pilotin component for T3SS-1. The exsBA genetic locus has two predicted promoter elements. The predicted exsB and exsA promoters were individually cloned upstream of luxCDABE genes in reporter plasmid constructs allowing for in situ, real-time quantitative light emission measurements under many growth conditions. Low @entity2 growth conditions supported maximal exsB and exsA promoter activation. exsB promoter activity exhibited high basal activity and resulted in an exsBA co-transcript. Furthermore, a separate proximal exsA promoter showed initial low basal activity yet eventually exceeded that of exsB and reached maximal levels after 2.5 h corresponding to an entry into early log phase. exsA promoter activity was significantly higher at 30  C than 37  C, which also coincided with increased secretion levels of specific T3SS-1 effector proteins. Lastly, bioinformatic analyses identified a putative expanded ExsA binding motif for multiple transcriptional operons. These findings suggest a two wave model of Vp T3SS-I induction that integrates two distinct promoter elements and environmental signals into a complex ExsA activation framework.

title: Transcriptional profiling of XXXX exsA reveals a complex activation network for type III secretion.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitral valve (MV) repair is the gold standard for the treatment of @entity2 . Recently, minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) has shown excellent postoperative outcomes compared with conventional surgery. The aim of our study is to report early and long-term outcomes of @entity0 undergoing MIMVS through right mini-thoracotomy (RT) over an eight year period. METHODS: From September 2003 to December 2011, a total of 1,604 consecutive @entity0 underwent MIMVS through RT. RESULTS: The mean age was 62  13 years, 295 (42%) @entity0 were female and 16 (2.3%) had previous cardiac operations. MV repair was successfully performed in 670 @entity0 , with a rate of success of 95.3%. Repair techniques included annuloplasty (89%), leaflet resection (n=54.2%), neochordae implantation (12.1%), and sliding plasty (10.5%). Overall in-hospital mortality was 0.1%. Incidence of @entity1 was 1.3%. At eight-year follow-up, overall survival was 90.1%, freedom from reoperation 93%, and freedom from recurrent @entity2 was 90%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 repair through right minithoracotomy is a safe and reproducible procedure associated with high rate of MV repair, and excellent early postoperative and long-term results.

title: Minimally invasive mitral valve repair through right minithoracotomy in the setting of XXXX : early outcomes and long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Studies among long-term survivors of childhood @entity0 who had received high-dose irradiation therapy of 4-60   Gy, demonstrated acute and chronic dental effects, including @entity1 . However, the possible effects of low to moderate doses of radiation on dental health are sparse. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between childhood exposure to low-moderate doses of ionizing radiation and periodontal health following 50   years since exposure. The study population included 253 irradiated subjects (treated for @entity2 in the 1950s) and, 162 non-irradiated subjects. The estimated dose to the teeth was 0.2-0.4   Gy. Dental examination was performed according to the community periodontal index (CPI). Socioeconomic and health behavior variables were obtained through a personal questionnaire. @entity1 was operationally defined as "deep periodontal pockets." A multivariate logistic regression model was used for the association of irradiation status and other independent variables with periodontal status. The results showed that among the irradiated subjects, 23%, (95% CI 18-28%) demonstrated complete edentulousness or insufficient teeth for CPI scoring as compared to 13% (95% CI 8-19%) among the non-irradiated subjects (p   =   0.01). @entity1 was detected among 54% of the irradiated subjects as compared to 40% of the non-irradiated (p   =   0.008). Controlling for education and smoking, the ORs for the association between radiation and periodontal disease were 1.61 (95% CI 1.01-2.57) and 1.95 (95% CI 1.1-3.5) for ever never and per 1   Gy absorbed in the salivary gland, respectively. In line with other studies, a protective effect for @entity1 among those with high education and an increased risk for ever smokers were observed. In conclusion, childhood exposure to low-moderate doses of ionizing radiation might be associated with later outcomes of dental health. The results add valuable data on the long-term health effects of exposure to ionizing radiation and support the implementation of the ALARA principle in childhood exposure to diagnostic procedure involving radiation.

title: Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Ionizing Irradiation on Periodontal Health Status - The XXXX Cohort Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Objective. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) utility in diagnosis in malignant and granulomatous @entity6 has been well demonstrated. We propose to examine the role of EBUS transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with mediastinal @entity5 in an area where @entity4 is endemic. Methods. A retrospective review was performed in a single academic institution between 2009 and 2012 of @entity0 referred for EBUS-TBNA who had radiographic imaging and clinical symptomatology suspicious for @entity2 . Seven @entity0 were reviewed. TBNA results showing @entity3 with areas of @entity1 in the appropriate clinical setting were considered to be adequate for the diagnosis of @entity2 when alternative diagnosis was excluded. @entity0 underwent further clinical follow-up of 12 months to determine the final diagnosis. Results. All seven @entity0 were felt to have @entity2 diagnosis reached by a combination of clinical presentation, EBUS-TBNA results, fungal serologies, and antigen testing. None of the @entity0 needed further invasive procedures. Conclusions. EBUS-TBNA is a minimally invasive tool that can be used to support a diagnosis of @entity2 in @entity0 with a high degree of clinical suspicion. EBUS-TBNA should be considered as an adjunctive diagnostic procedure for @entity0 with @entity2 in an appropriate clinical setting.

title: The Use of Endobronchial Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In severe @entity7 , delayed intracerebral @entity10 appearing lately is noted due to the spread use of serial CT scan. The authors experienced the autopsy of 5 cases who presented @entity3 ( @entity3 ) among these new lesions in repeated CT scan findings and report the pathohistological findings. Subjects were as follows: The age range of the @entity0 was 15 to 25 years. The consciousness levels of the 5 cases on admission were 6 or less by the Glasgow @entity9 scale. CT findings of @entity3 were revealed @entity8 of the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, tegmentum of pons, intraventricular, and acute @entity1 . Total clinical courses were 2 to 29 days, but most of them were 9 or less days. In the macroscopic findings, marked congestion and @entity1 revealed @entity4 in all 5 cases. Callosal disruption and @entity10 adjacent the corpus callosum revealed in 4 out of 5 cases. @entity5 with @entity8 revealed in 3 out of 5 cases. @entity8 and @entity6 revealed in 2 out of 5 cases. @entity8 of basal ganglia and base of pons revealed in 2 cases. Microscopic examination of all 5 cases revealed @entity2 and white matter surrounding @entity8 , and abnormal tortuous, swelling and fragmentation of axons in stained preparation. Axonal retraction ball was recognized in 3 out of 5 cases. In conclusion, five autopsied cases who presented acute @entity1 and @entity8 of corpus callosum and tegmentum of pons in serial CT scan were examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinicopathological studies of XXXX --five autopsy cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In isolated slices of @entity0 thalamus, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the nucleus reticularis, were recorded intracellularly in relay neurons in the anterior part of the thalamus. These inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were found to have reversal potentials close to the resting potential of the recorded cell, to reduce neuronal excitability and to be sensitive to electrophoretic application of the @entity2 antagonists @entity1 and @entity4 , indicating that they were @entity2 -activated, @entity3 mediated events. Voltage sensitive responses of relay neurons evoked by current injection and by inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were then compared. Hyperpolarizing current pulses and hyperpolarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potential trains elicited from membrane potentials positive to -70 mV resulted in rebound slow spike activation on repolarization. Depolarizing current pulses and depolarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potential trains evoked slow spikes when elicited from membrane potentials negative to -60 mV. There was, however, one major difference, the slow spikes evoked by inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were always delayed to the end of the train. Reversal potentials of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were found to depend on the potential at which the membrane was held immediately before the inhibitory postsynaptic potential was evoked, indicating that passive distribution of @entity3 ions contributes to their equilibrium potential. Evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials consisted of at least two components with different reversal potentials although current voltage relations indicated that similar decreases in membrane resistance were associated with both components and that they shifted approximately in parallel when inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were evoked from different holding potentials. Trains of @entity2 -mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, similar to those recorded during spindling, will evoke slow spikes in almost all thalamic relay neurons irrespective of other synaptic inputs. This response will effectively synchronize burst firing in all cells receiving the same inhibitory input.

title: Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked in thalamic neurons by stimulation of the reticularis nucleus evoke slow spikes in isolated XXXX brain slices--I.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Natural interferons (nIFNs) -alpha and -gamma were used to treat @entity3 bearing bilateral xenografts of @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF-7 and @entity4 ). The IFNs were administered singly or in combination by means of intralesional (i.l.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections. In the animals treated intralesionally 1 of the 2 @entity2 was injected to study the local therapeutic effects, while the contralateral one was left undisturbed and used to assess systemic effects. Treatment of @entity2 with i.l. injections of nIFN-alpha and nIFN-gamma combined resulted in complete regression of the injected @entity2 in 8 of 20 @entity3 treated for 2 weeks and in 10 of 10 @entity3 of an additional group treated for 4 weeks. The corresponding contralateral @entity2 showed complete regression in 2 @entity3 treated for 4 weeks and partial responses in the others. Incomplete responses were also observed when the IFNs were used singly or when they were delivered intraperitoneally. Similarly, in @entity4 xenografts the best results were obtained with i.l. injections of the 2 IFNs combined, but no complete regressions were achieved. These experiments provide further evidence for a synergistic interaction of nIFN-alpha and nIFN-gamma in vivo and indicate that the potentiated antitumoral activity is greater when these interferons are administered i.l.

title: Treatment of @entity1 XXXX xenografts using natural interferons-alpha and -gamma injected singly or in combination.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Natural interferons (nIFNs) -alpha and -gamma were used to treat @entity3 bearing bilateral xenografts of @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF-7 and @entity4 ). The IFNs were administered singly or in combination by means of intralesional (i.l.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections. In the animals treated intralesionally 1 of the 2 @entity2 was injected to study the local therapeutic effects, while the contralateral one was left undisturbed and used to assess systemic effects. Treatment of @entity2 with i.l. injections of nIFN-alpha and nIFN-gamma combined resulted in complete regression of the injected @entity2 in 8 of 20 @entity3 treated for 2 weeks and in 10 of 10 @entity3 of an additional group treated for 4 weeks. The corresponding contralateral @entity2 showed complete regression in 2 @entity3 treated for 4 weeks and partial responses in the others. Incomplete responses were also observed when the IFNs were used singly or when they were delivered intraperitoneally. Similarly, in @entity4 xenografts the best results were obtained with i.l. injections of the 2 IFNs combined, but no complete regressions were achieved. These experiments provide further evidence for a synergistic interaction of nIFN-alpha and nIFN-gamma in vivo and indicate that the potentiated antitumoral activity is greater when these interferons are administered i.l.

title: Treatment of XXXX @entity0 xenografts using natural interferons-alpha and -gamma injected singly or in combination.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is a specific parasite of salmonids that occurs in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. When @entity0 are heavy fish mortality can occur although the factors that are responsible for causing epizootics, especially in wild salmonid populations are still largely unknown. Over the past 20 years this parasite has caused significant economic losses in farmed salmon production and possibly in wild salmonid populations locally. Understanding the connectivity between populations is crucial to an understanding of the epidemiology of @entity1 and for management of @entity1 in aquaculture. Data from genetics, pesticide resistance, larval dispersal models and spatial and temporal patterns of @entity0 in wild and farmed hosts suggests a spatially highly structured metapopulation the components of which have different levels of connectivity, probabilities of extinction and influence on the development of @entity2 . The population structure is defined mainly by the dispersal dynamics of the planktonic stages and the behaviour of the host. Until recently virtually nothing was known about the relationship between the parasite and the host, or how the host may influence lice at local or population level. Typically, impacts on the host have usually been reported in terms of pathological lesions caused by attachment and feeding of the adult stages, as well as localised mild epithelial responses to juvenile attachment. However many studies report pathology associated with severe @entity0 . Recent new studies on the host-parasite interactions of @entity3 have shown that this parasite induces stress-related responses systemically in the host skin and gills and that the stress response and immune systems are modulated. In the second part of this review, these new studies are presented, together with results from other host-parasite model systems where data for caligid sea lice are missing. One of the most revealing methods reported recently is the application of a net confinement stressor to examine modulation of the stress response and immune system of the host fish. This approach has shown that although until now, infective stages of @entity3 were not thought to affect the host, they do induce systematic effects in the host that result in a stress response and modulated immune system. Host-parasite interactions affecting these stress responses and the immune system may be key factors in facilitating epizootics by reducing the host's ability to reject the parasites, as well as reducing disease resistance under some environmental conditions. The host-parasite interaction therefore needs to be incorporated into any model of population structure and dynamics.

title: A review of the population biology and host-parasite interactions of the sea louse XXXX (Copepoda: Caligidae).

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 with @entity2 show @entity5 associated with @entity3 and a secondary increase in the gonadotropins FSH and LH. By examining ten @entity0 (nine @entity0 , one @entity0 ) with @entity2 and determining serum FSH and LH concentrations by radioimmunoassay, the authors tried to evaluate whether the decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) seen in @entity2 might be related to increase levels of gonadotropins. The IOP of the @entity0 with @entity2 (mean 10.6 mm Hg, SD 3.9 mm Hg) was significantly lower (P less than 0.0005) than that of a randomly selected control group. In all nine male patients serum FSH concentrations (mean 41.7 mIU/ml, SD 18.9 mIU/ml, normal range 0.9-9.8 mIU/ml) and serum LH concentrations (mean 18.6 mIU/ml. SD 6.8 mIU/ml, normal range 2.2-12.0 mIU/ml) were significantly higher (FSH: P less than 0.0005, LH: P less than 0.05) than those of a control group of four normal @entity0 . The female @entity0 's FSH was elevated (11.5 mIU/ml, normal range 1.7-8.5 mIU/ml), her LH concentration was slightly elevated (15.5 mIU/ml, normal range 2.5-15.4 mIU/ml). A statistically significant correlation was found between elevated LH concentrations and decreased IOP (P less than 0.05) but no such correlation between FSH and IOP (P less than = 0.17). Endogenous circulating gonadotropins may play an important role in regulating aqueous inflow via @entity1 which is produced by ciliary epithelia and causes a decrease in the rate of @entity4 production. This theory is corroborated by humor production. This theory is corroborated by the authors' data and by experimental studies by Sears and co-workers.

title: [Hypotonia bulbi and gonadotropins in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Greater glycemic variability and lack of predictability are important issues for @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 . Dietary factors are one of the contributors to this variability, but how closely diet is linked to glycemic fluctuation on a daily basis has not been investigated. We examined the association between @entity3 intake and glycemic excursion in outpatients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 33 @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 were included in the analyses (age 44.5      14.7  years, @entity1 duration 15.1      8.3  years, 64% female, 30% using @entity4 pump, glycated hemoglobin 8.1      1.3%). Time spent in euglycemia (70-180  mg/dL), @entity6 (>180  mg/dL) and @entity5 (<70  mg/dL) of consecutive 48-h periods of continuous @entity2 monitoring data were collected together with simultaneous records of dietary intake, @entity4 dose and physical activity. Correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the contribution of @entity3 intake to time spent in the target glycemic range. RESULTS: In multiple regression analyses, @entity3 intake (b  =  0.53, P  =  0.001), basal @entity4 dose per kg per day (b  =  -0.31, P  =  0.034) and @entity1 duration (b  =  0.30, P  =  0.042) were independent predictors of time spent in euglycemia. @entity3 intake (b  =  -0.51, P  =  0.001) and @entity4 pump use (b  =  -0.34, P  =  0.024) were independent predictors of time spent in @entity6 . @entity4 pump use (b  =  0.52, P  <  0.001) and bolus @entity4 dose per kg per day (b  =  0.46, P  =  0.001) were independent predictors of time spent in @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 intake is associated with time spent in euglycemia in @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 .

title: @entity3 intake is associated with time spent in the euglycemic range in @entity0 with type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Greater glycemic variability and lack of predictability are important issues for @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 . Dietary factors are one of the contributors to this variability, but how closely diet is linked to glycemic fluctuation on a daily basis has not been investigated. We examined the association between @entity3 intake and glycemic excursion in outpatients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 33 @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 were included in the analyses (age 44.5      14.7  years, @entity1 duration 15.1      8.3  years, 64% female, 30% using @entity4 pump, glycated hemoglobin 8.1      1.3%). Time spent in euglycemia (70-180  mg/dL), @entity6 (>180  mg/dL) and @entity5 (<70  mg/dL) of consecutive 48-h periods of continuous @entity2 monitoring data were collected together with simultaneous records of dietary intake, @entity4 dose and physical activity. Correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the contribution of @entity3 intake to time spent in the target glycemic range. RESULTS: In multiple regression analyses, @entity3 intake (b  =  0.53, P  =  0.001), basal @entity4 dose per kg per day (b  =  -0.31, P  =  0.034) and @entity1 duration (b  =  0.30, P  =  0.042) were independent predictors of time spent in euglycemia. @entity3 intake (b  =  -0.51, P  =  0.001) and @entity4 pump use (b  =  -0.34, P  =  0.024) were independent predictors of time spent in @entity6 . @entity4 pump use (b  =  0.52, P  <  0.001) and bolus @entity4 dose per kg per day (b  =  0.46, P  =  0.001) were independent predictors of time spent in @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 intake is associated with time spent in euglycemia in @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 .

title: XXXX intake is associated with time spent in the euglycemic range in @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Greater glycemic variability and lack of predictability are important issues for @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 . Dietary factors are one of the contributors to this variability, but how closely diet is linked to glycemic fluctuation on a daily basis has not been investigated. We examined the association between @entity3 intake and glycemic excursion in outpatients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 33 @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 were included in the analyses (age 44.5      14.7  years, @entity1 duration 15.1      8.3  years, 64% female, 30% using @entity4 pump, glycated hemoglobin 8.1      1.3%). Time spent in euglycemia (70-180  mg/dL), @entity6 (>180  mg/dL) and @entity5 (<70  mg/dL) of consecutive 48-h periods of continuous @entity2 monitoring data were collected together with simultaneous records of dietary intake, @entity4 dose and physical activity. Correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the contribution of @entity3 intake to time spent in the target glycemic range. RESULTS: In multiple regression analyses, @entity3 intake (b  =  0.53, P  =  0.001), basal @entity4 dose per kg per day (b  =  -0.31, P  =  0.034) and @entity1 duration (b  =  0.30, P  =  0.042) were independent predictors of time spent in euglycemia. @entity3 intake (b  =  -0.51, P  =  0.001) and @entity4 pump use (b  =  -0.34, P  =  0.024) were independent predictors of time spent in @entity6 . @entity4 pump use (b  =  0.52, P  <  0.001) and bolus @entity4 dose per kg per day (b  =  0.46, P  =  0.001) were independent predictors of time spent in @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 intake is associated with time spent in euglycemia in @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 .

title: @entity3 intake is associated with time spent in the euglycemic range in XXXX with type 1 @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity0 associated with @entity3 appears to be caused by decreased renal perfusion. Altered renal vascular reactivity (RVR) may contribute to the development of @entity2 . This study was undertaken to assess the effect of bile duct ligation (BDL) on RVR to @entity4 and @entity5 in the @entity1 and to evaluate the role of @entity7 in the modulation of altered RVR. Male @entity1 underwent either sham operation (SO) or BDL. Four days later, isolated kidney perfusions were established. Dose-response curves to @entity4 (SO, n = 9; BDL, n = 10) and @entity5 (SO, n = 7; BDL, n = 9) were obtained. The perfusate was modified to contain @entity9 , 10(-6) mol/L, and dose-response curves to @entity4 (SO, n = 10; BDL, n = 8) and @entity5 (SO, n = 4; BDL, n = 8) were obtained as well. Baseline resistances did not differ between any of the groups. RVR to @entity4 did not appear to be altered by BDL; however, increased RVR to @entity4 was unmasked by inhibition of @entity8 synthesis. BDL did not affect the RVR to @entity5 with or without @entity9 . BDL is associated with an increase in renal vascular sensitivity to @entity4 , which is balanced by a compensatory increase in renal @entity8 activity in response to @entity4 stimulation. These findings are consistent with theories that decreased renal perfusion associated with @entity3 may be mediated by @entity6 .

title: Renal vascular reactivity in the bile duct-ligated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of synchronous thymic and @entity4 remains a challenge due to the lack of case series and surgical guidelines. This study aims to retrospectively review our preliminary experience and results of performing simultaneous thoracoscopic resection of coexisting @entity4 and thymus. METHODS: Simultaneous thoracoscopic resection was performed to remove coexisting thymic and @entity4 in nine @entity0 from August 2008 to November 2013. @entity0 demographics, preoperative assessment, surgical procedures and postoperative course of these @entity0 were reviewed. RESULTS: There were four female and five male @entity0 between 43 and 70 years old (median age, 64 years). Each @entity0 had @entity5 and solitary pulmonary lesion on chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Four @entity0 underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy and thymectomy. One @entity0 had thoracoscopic @entity6 combined with thymic cyst resection (TCR). The other four @entity0 received pulmonary wedge resection and thymectomy (n=3)/TCR (n=1). The operation lasted from 35-480 min (median, 110 min). Intra-operative @entity3 was 20-380 mL (median, 120 mL). Two @entity0 developed post-operative @entity2 without mortality. All the @entity0 were discharged home within 9 days after surgery. Two @entity0 died from metastatic @entity1 14 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous thoracoscopic resection of coexisting @entity4 is safe and feasible in selected @entity0 .

title: Simultaneous thoracoscopic resection for coexisting XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The current Indian campaign for the elimination of @entity3 is largely based on mass drug administration ( @entity1 ). As part of this campaign, villagers in the Tirukoilur and Mugaiyur 'blocks' (i.e. revenue units) of Villupuram district, in Tamil Nadu, India, were treated with @entity4 ( @entity5 ), either alone (Mugaiyur) or with @entity2 (Tirukoilur), in March 2001. The efficacy of treatment, in each of the two treatment arms, was evaluated by determining the percentages of the subjects who were carrying antigen from adult @entity6 before, 6 months and 12 months after the @entity1 . In a cross-sectional survey at each time-point, commercial, immunochromatographic tests were used to check 1000-1200, randomly selected, young residents (aged 2-25 years) of 18 index villages for the antigen; at least 300 villagers aged 2-9 years and at least 170 aged 10-25 years from each treatment arm were screened in each survey. Before the @entity1 , 12.7% of the subjects aged 2-9 years and 23.6% of those aged 10-25 years were found to be positive for the filarial antigen. Although only about 50% of villagers aged 2-9 years were successfully treated, @entity1 (with @entity5 alone or @entity5 plus @entity2 ) led to a significant (28.7%) reduction in the prevalence of antigenaemia in this age-group 6 months later (P<0.05). Although, the prevalences of antigenaemia among those aged 2-9 years were higher 12 months post-treatment than 6 months post-treatment, they were still lower (by 16%-23%) than those observed pre-treatment. The addition of @entity2 to the @entity5 treatment appeared to offer no additional benefit in terms of the prevalence of antigenaemia in @entity0 aged <10 years; in fact, the use of @entity5 alone produced a slightly greater reduction in the prevalence of antigenaemia than the use of both @entity5 and @entity2 . In the block given @entity1 based on both @entity5 and @entity2 , the prevalences of antigenaemia among the villagers aged 10-25 years were 19.4% and 16.6% lower 6 and 12 months post-treatment, respectively, than observed pre-treatment. Curiously, in the block given @entity5 alone, the prevalences in this age-group were higher at both post-treatment follow-ups (by 17.4% at 6 months and 35.1% at 12 months) than observed pre-treatment. In concurrent experimental studies, high drug compliance (90%) among young @entity0 (aged 2-5 years) led to a pronounced (62.6%) reduction in the prevalence of antigenaemia after one @entity1 . In follow-up studies of those found antigen-positive, 40% of those aged 2-9 years but only 23% of those aged 10-25 years cleared their antigenaemias after three (annual) @entity1 . To maximize the benefits of @entity1 , greater efforts should be made to increase treatment coverage among young @entity0 .

title: The influence of the mass administration of XXXX , alone or with @entity2 , on the prevalence of filarial antigenaemia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The current Indian campaign for the elimination of @entity3 is largely based on mass drug administration ( @entity1 ). As part of this campaign, villagers in the Tirukoilur and Mugaiyur 'blocks' (i.e. revenue units) of Villupuram district, in Tamil Nadu, India, were treated with @entity4 ( @entity5 ), either alone (Mugaiyur) or with @entity2 (Tirukoilur), in March 2001. The efficacy of treatment, in each of the two treatment arms, was evaluated by determining the percentages of the subjects who were carrying antigen from adult @entity6 before, 6 months and 12 months after the @entity1 . In a cross-sectional survey at each time-point, commercial, immunochromatographic tests were used to check 1000-1200, randomly selected, young residents (aged 2-25 years) of 18 index villages for the antigen; at least 300 villagers aged 2-9 years and at least 170 aged 10-25 years from each treatment arm were screened in each survey. Before the @entity1 , 12.7% of the subjects aged 2-9 years and 23.6% of those aged 10-25 years were found to be positive for the filarial antigen. Although only about 50% of villagers aged 2-9 years were successfully treated, @entity1 (with @entity5 alone or @entity5 plus @entity2 ) led to a significant (28.7%) reduction in the prevalence of antigenaemia in this age-group 6 months later (P<0.05). Although, the prevalences of antigenaemia among those aged 2-9 years were higher 12 months post-treatment than 6 months post-treatment, they were still lower (by 16%-23%) than those observed pre-treatment. The addition of @entity2 to the @entity5 treatment appeared to offer no additional benefit in terms of the prevalence of antigenaemia in @entity0 aged <10 years; in fact, the use of @entity5 alone produced a slightly greater reduction in the prevalence of antigenaemia than the use of both @entity5 and @entity2 . In the block given @entity1 based on both @entity5 and @entity2 , the prevalences of antigenaemia among the villagers aged 10-25 years were 19.4% and 16.6% lower 6 and 12 months post-treatment, respectively, than observed pre-treatment. Curiously, in the block given @entity5 alone, the prevalences in this age-group were higher at both post-treatment follow-ups (by 17.4% at 6 months and 35.1% at 12 months) than observed pre-treatment. In concurrent experimental studies, high drug compliance (90%) among young @entity0 (aged 2-5 years) led to a pronounced (62.6%) reduction in the prevalence of antigenaemia after one @entity1 . In follow-up studies of those found antigen-positive, 40% of those aged 2-9 years but only 23% of those aged 10-25 years cleared their antigenaemias after three (annual) @entity1 . To maximize the benefits of @entity1 , greater efforts should be made to increase treatment coverage among young @entity0 .

title: The influence of the mass administration of @entity4 , alone or with XXXX , on the prevalence of filarial antigenaemia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This paper shows the concurrent use of thermography and artificial @entity2 (ANN) for the diagnosis of @entity0 , a disease that is growing in prominence in @entity1 all over the world. It has been reported that breast thermography itself could detect @entity0 up to 10 years earlier than the conventional golden methods such as mammography, in particular in the younger @entity1 . However, the accuracy of thermography is dependent on many factors such as the symmetry of the breasts' temperature and temperature stability. A @entity1 's body temperature is known to be stable in certain periods after menstruation and it was found that the accuracy of thermography in @entity1 whose thermal images are taken in a suitable period (5th - 12th and 21st day of menstruation) is higher (80%) than the total population of @entity1 (73%). The stability of the body temperature will depend on physiological state. This paper examines the use of ANN to complement the infrared heat radiating from the surface of the body with other physiological data. Four backpropagation @entity2 were developed and trained using the results from the Singapore General Hospital @entity1 ' physiological data and thermographs. Owing to the inaccuracies found in thermography and the low population size gathered for this project, the networks developed could only accurately diagnose about 61.54% of the @entity0 cases. Nevertheless, the basic neural network framework has been established and it has great potential for future development of an intelligent @entity0 diagnosis system. This would be especially useful to the teenagers and young adults who are unsuitable for mammography at a young age. An intelligent breast thermography-neural network will be able to give an accurate diagnosis of @entity0 and can make a positive impact on @entity3 .

title: Computerized detection of XXXX with artificial intelligence and thermograms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In order to upgrade the reliability of xenodiagnosis, attention has been directed towards population dynamics of the parasite, with particular interest for the following factors: 1. Parasite density which by itself is not a research objective, but by giving an accurate portrayal of parasite development and multiplication, has been incorporated in screening of bugs for xenodiagnosis. 2. On the assumption that food availability might increase parasite density, bugs from xenodiagnosis have been refed at biweekly intervals on @entity2 blood. 3. Infectivity rates and positives harbouring large parasite yields were based on gut @entity1 , in which the parasite population comprised of all developmental forms was more abundant and easier to detect than in fecal @entity1 , thus minimizing the probability of recording false negatives. 4. Since parasite density, low in the first 15 days of @entity1 , increases rapidly in the following 30 days, the interval of 45 days has been adopted for routine examination of bugs from xenodiagnosis. By following the enumerated measures, all aiming to reduce false negative cases, we are getting closer to a reliable xenodiagnostic procedure. Upgrading the efficacy of xenodiagnosis is also dependent on the xenodiagnostic agent. Of 9 investigated vector species, Panstrongylus megistus deserves top priority as a xenodiagnostic agent. Its extraordinary capability to support fast development and vigorous multiplication of the few parasites, ingested from the host with @entity0 , has been revealed by the strikingly close infectivity rates of 91.2% vs. 96.4% among bugs engorged from the same host in the chronic and acute phase of the disease respectively (Table V), the latter comporting an estimated number of 12.3 x 10(3) parasites in the circulation at the time of xenodiagnosis, as reported previously by the authors (1982).

title: Studies in search of a suitable experimental insect model for xenodiagnosis of hosts with Chagas' disease. 2 Attempts to upgrade the reliability and the efficacy of xenodiagnosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Head and neck @entity7 are rare @entity1 and can arise as a part of @entity2 . Their association with thymic @entity1 is not well known. CASE DESCRIPTION: This report describes a female @entity0 who presented with right sided neck @entity7 . The histology of the @entity1 was consistent with paraganlioma. Few years later her MRI scan of the chest revealed presence of an anterior mediastinal mass that corresponded to the location of the thymus. Review of her previous scans showed that the mass was present all along and had gradually increased in size. @entity0 developed symptoms including @entity6 , dyspnoea, @entity4 , @entity8 and @entity9 . She had sternotomy and excision of mediastinal mass. The histology was consistent with @entity5 (WHO type B2) and she had radiotherapy. After treatment her constitutional symptoms improved. Her @entity7 susceptibility genes are negative. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: To our knowledge this is only the second case report in the literature of coexistence of @entity1 and @entity5 . The first case reported was bilateral @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity5 . This case also highlights the importance of long term surveillance, multidisciplinary management and being aware of associated pathologies in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: A case of co-existing @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Head and neck @entity7 are rare @entity1 and can arise as a part of @entity2 . Their association with thymic @entity1 is not well known. CASE DESCRIPTION: This report describes a female @entity0 who presented with right sided neck @entity7 . The histology of the @entity1 was consistent with paraganlioma. Few years later her MRI scan of the chest revealed presence of an anterior mediastinal mass that corresponded to the location of the thymus. Review of her previous scans showed that the mass was present all along and had gradually increased in size. @entity0 developed symptoms including @entity6 , dyspnoea, @entity4 , @entity8 and @entity9 . She had sternotomy and excision of mediastinal mass. The histology was consistent with @entity5 (WHO type B2) and she had radiotherapy. After treatment her constitutional symptoms improved. Her @entity7 susceptibility genes are negative. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: To our knowledge this is only the second case report in the literature of coexistence of @entity1 and @entity5 . The first case reported was bilateral @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity5 . This case also highlights the importance of long term surveillance, multidisciplinary management and being aware of associated pathologies in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: A case of co-existing XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity8 during vascular clamping protects the kidney from @entity2 -induced @entity3 . Traditionally, cooling is achieved by packing the kidney in ice, which lowers the temperature of the rest of the surgical field as well, and the method cannot be used during laparoscopy. We evaluated the utility of a newly developed ureteral access system for circulating ice-cold saline. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity9 underwent retrograde endoscopic cooling through an access sheath without (N = 2) or with (N = 3) @entity4 , traditional ice-slush cooling with @entity4 (N = 3), or occlusion without @entity8 (N = 3). Five days later, the @entity7 were sacrificed and the kidneys and ureters examined histologically. RESULTS: Endoscopic cooling with @entity4 and ice-slush cooling both produced @entity0 . The former produced medullary and cortical temperatures of 21.3 degrees C and 27.3 degrees C, respectively, and the latter medullary and cortical temperatures of 28.8 degrees C and 23.7 degrees C, respectively. Histologically, there were minimal changes in the first three groups, whereas @entity5 , multifocal @entity1 , and periarteriolar @entity6 were seen after @entity4 without @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Retrograde endoscopic @entity0 is effective and requires no novel equipment or special surgical skills. Clinical application has not yet been attempted.

title: XXXX achieved by retrograde intracavitary saline perfusion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1 -awareness campaign delivered through the Internet has been recommended as a public health approach that would enhance mental health literacy and encourage help-seeking attitudes. However, the outcomes of such a campaign remain understudied. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online @entity1 awareness campaign, which was informed by the theory of planned behavior, to encourage help-seeking attitudes for @entity1 and to enhance mental health literacy in Hong Kong. The second aim was to examine click-through behaviors by varying the affective facial expressions of @entity0 in the Facebook advertisements. METHODS: Potential @entity0 were recruited through Facebook advertisements, using either a happy or sad face illustration. Volunteer @entity0 registered for the study by clicking on the advertisement and were invited to leave their personal email addresses to receive educational content about @entity1 . The @entity0 were randomly assigned into two groups (campaign or control), and over a four consecutive week period, received either the campaign material or official information developed by the Hospital Authority in Hong Kong. Pretests and posttests were conducted before and after the campaign to measure the differences in help-seeking attitudes and mental health literacy among the campaign and control groups. RESULTS: Of the 199 @entity0 that registered and completed the pretest, 116 (55 campaign and 62 control) completed the campaign and the posttest. At the posttest, we found no significant changes in help-seeking attitudes between the campaign and control groups, but the campaign group @entity0 demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in mental health literacy (P=.031) and a higher willingness to access additional information (P<.001) than the control group. Moreover, the happy face Facebook advertisement attracted more click-throughs by users into the website than did the sad face advertisement (P=.03). CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence that an online campaign can enhance @entity0 's mental health literacy. It also demonstrates the practicality and effectiveness of an online @entity1 awareness campaign using a Facebook-based recruitment strategy and distribution of educational materials through emails. It is important for future studies to take advantage of the popularity of online social media and conduct evaluative research on mental health promotion campaigns.

title: Evaluation of an Online Campaign for Promoting Help-Seeking Attitudes for XXXX Using a Facebook Advertisement: An Online Randomized Controlled Experiment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Acute massive @entity0 is an abdominal catastrophe. Prompt diagnosis and restoration of blood flow is essential; otherwise, massive intestinal resection occurs, leading to @entity1 or, in the survivors, intestinal cripples. In this study, the time of warm reversible @entity0 in the @entity2 intestine was explored. After this time was established, fluids and antibiotics were administered to note change in survival times. Massive @entity0 (superior mesenteric artery was clamped) was tolerated without @entity1 for five hours (20 @entity2 in each group). With six hours of @entity0 , a 10 per cent mortality rate occurred; with seven hours of @entity0 , a 90 per cent mortality rate occurred. These @entity2 had a maintenance of 75 milliliters of fluid administered per hour. Using this group of @entity2 as the control (that is, the group with seven hour clamping time of the superior mesenteric artery with maintenance intravenously administered replacement), fluids were given to @entity2 in the experimental group to keep the pulmonary artery wedge pressure at a normal value (average of 300 milliliters per hour). This group of @entity2 had an increased survival rate of 40 per cent (ten dogs). Antibiotics were given to the @entity2 in the experimental group both before and after clamping, increasing the over-all survival rate to more than 80 per cent (46 @entity2 ). Aggressive fluid replacement and antibiotic coverage may lengthen the so-called golden period in which @entity0 may be reversed by revascularization.

title: Effect of antibiotic and fluid resuscitation upon survival time in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The poor prognosis of @entity0 with unresectable pulmonary metastases of soft @entity3 is well known. In order to evaluate the beneficial effect of radiotherapy, we have treated 44 @entity0 with pulmonary metastases of grade 3 soft @entity3 from 1980 to 1986. In 36 @entity0 the treatment volume was restricted to the single metastases up to a dose of 50 to 60 (9 to 10 Gy/week). The survival rate at one year was 18% and at two years 6%. Eight @entity0 were treated with a combined regimen, consisting of @entity5 and @entity6 with simultaneous whole lung irradiation. Irradiation was performed with 8 or 16 MV photons at a hyperfractionation of 2 x 0.8 Gy/day (8 Gy/week). After a dose of 12 Gy, the single metastases were boosted up to 50 to 60 Gy, with a second course of chemotherapy. In six of eight @entity0 complete remissions were achieved, one @entity0 showed a partial remission. The survival rate at 27 months was 50%. The @entity0 with partial remission died from pulmonary progression at 23 months. One @entity0 died after twelve months from a loco-regional recurrence in the tonsillar fossa without evidence of @entity4 . Side effects included @entity8 and moderate @entity2 approximately twelve days after each chemotherapy cycle. Pulmonary @entity1 was observed only at the high dose volume without @entity7 . From these observations the conclusion is drawn that whole lung irradiation simultaneously with @entity5 and @entity6 chemotherapy provides good palliative results without relevant morbidity in @entity0 with high grade unresectable pulmonary metastases of soft tissue @entity3 .

title: [Results of whole lung irradiation and chemotherapy in comparison with partial lung irradiation in metastasizing, undifferentiated soft tissue XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nomilin is a potential anticancer agent. In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and simple ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry methodology was established and validated to quantify nomilin in @entity0 plasma. Plasma samples were prepared through liquid-liquid extraction using @entity1 . @entity2 was performed using an Acquity HSS T3 column. @entity3 and water containing 0.1% (v/v) @entity5 were used as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.3   mL/min. Nomilin and @entity4 (internal standard) were detected and quantified via a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in the positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring. Tandem mass spectrometry detection was performed by monitoring the fragmentations of m/z 515.3  >  m/z 161.0 and m/z 303.2  >  m/z 153.1 of nomilin and @entity4 , respectively. Good linearity (R(2)   >   0.996) was observed in the concentration range of 1   ng/mL to 500   ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 1   ng/mL for nomilin. The average extraction recoveries of nomilin and @entity4 were >   82.3% and 82.0%, respectively. Intra- and interday precisions were less than 15% and accuracy ranged from 85.0% to 90.1%. Indeed, the proposed method was successfully applied to analyze the pharmacokinetics of nomilin after 3 and 50   mg/kg @entity6 were administered to @entity0 via intravenous and oral routes, respectively.

title: A Rapid, Selective and Sensitive UPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Nomilin in XXXX Plasma and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Breus' mole (massive @entity3 ) is a rare entity most often found in the placentae of macerated stillborn fetuses. Previously considered to represent a postmortem event, recent evidence suggests that it occurs prior to fetal demise. A 23-week gestation male neonate was delivered of a 23-year-old gravida 3, para 2 @entity0 and survived for 49 min. An autopsy with chromosomal studies resulted in a diagnosis of @entity5 . Placental examination showed the presence of both Breus' mole and also partial hydatidiform mole. DNA samples extracted from portions of the fresh @entity3 and from the fetal spleen were compared using molecular techniques. PCR analysis showed the presence of Y chromosome specific DNA in the placental clot, but a semiquantitative Southern blot demonstrated that roughly 85% of the clot DNA was of maternal origin. These findings suggest that Breus' mole represents primarily maternal @entity2 rather than @entity1 . We hypothesize that the partial mole could have contributed to the formation of the Breus' mole as some of the hydropic villi may have focally obstructed the maternal venous return from the intervillus space causing sluggish flow and promoting @entity2 . A review of the literature on Breus' mole shows that the majority of reported cases have not included cytogenetic findings. However, several authors have reported an association with @entity4 characterized by scattered placental hydropic villi. Thus, we suggest that obstruction of maternal venous return by hydropic villi may have played a contributory role in some of these other reported cases.

title: Association between Breus' mole and partial hydatidiform mole: chance or can hydropic villi precipitate placental massive subchorionic XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: First-catch urine specimens were obtained before clinical examination from 101 sexually active @entity0 who attended a sexually transmitted diseases clinic with a complaint of urethral discharge. Urethral swab specimens were used for preparation of smears and were then cultured on Martin-Lewis medium. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests were performed on (1) uncentrifuged urine, (2) urine sediment, and (3) urine sediment diluted 1:6 with detergent buffer. Urethral cultures from 65 (64%) of the 101 @entity0 were positive for @entity2 . EIA performed on urine sediment diluted 1:6 yielded the highest sensitivity: 98.5% (64/65). Sensitivity of EIA for uncentrifuged urine was only 66% (43/65). Specificity of all samples tested exceeded 97.2%. Overall agreement between results of EIA on diluted urine sediment and culture was 98% (99/101). Discordant culture and EIA results were unrelated to urine volume, time since prior urination, quantity of gonococcal growth on Martin-Lewis medium, duration of urine storage (less than 72 hours) before testing, or immunotype. EIA tests using urine sediment are highly sensitive and specific, and they offer an alternative means of diagnosing @entity1 in @entity0 who refuse urethral manipulation. They also provide a means of screening @entity0 at high risk for @entity1 who have submitted a urine specimen for other reasons.

title: XXXX diagnosed from enzyme immunoassay of urine sediment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a major plant phospholipase family involved in many cellular processes such as signal transduction, membrane remodeling, and lipid degradation. Five classes of PLDs have been identified in @entity1 , and @entity0 and polyphosphoinositides have been suggested as key regulators for these enzymes. To investigate the catalysis and regulation mechanism of individual PLDs, surface-dilution kinetics studies were carried out on the newly identified PLDdelta from @entity1 . PLDdelta activity was dependent on both bulk concentration and surface concentration of substrate phospholipids in the Triton X-100/phospholipid mixed micelles. V(max), K(s)(A), and K(m)(B) values for PLDdelta toward @entity3 or @entity4 were determined; @entity4 was the preferred substrate. PLDdelta activity was stimulated greatly by @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Maximal activation was observed at a PIP(2) molar ratio around 0.01. Kinetic analysis indicates that PIP(2) activates @entity5 by promoting substrate binding to the enzyme, without altering the bulk binding of the enzyme to the micelle surface. @entity0 is required for PLDdelta activity, and it significantly decreased the interfacial Michaelis constant K(m)(B). This indicates that @entity0 activates @entity5 by promoting the binding of phospholipid substrate to the catalytic site of the enzyme.

title: Kinetic analysis of @entity1 phospholipase Ddelta. Substrate preference and mechanism of activation by XXXX and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a major plant phospholipase family involved in many cellular processes such as signal transduction, membrane remodeling, and lipid degradation. Five classes of PLDs have been identified in @entity1 , and @entity0 and polyphosphoinositides have been suggested as key regulators for these enzymes. To investigate the catalysis and regulation mechanism of individual PLDs, surface-dilution kinetics studies were carried out on the newly identified PLDdelta from @entity1 . PLDdelta activity was dependent on both bulk concentration and surface concentration of substrate phospholipids in the Triton X-100/phospholipid mixed micelles. V(max), K(s)(A), and K(m)(B) values for PLDdelta toward @entity3 or @entity4 were determined; @entity4 was the preferred substrate. PLDdelta activity was stimulated greatly by @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Maximal activation was observed at a PIP(2) molar ratio around 0.01. Kinetic analysis indicates that PIP(2) activates @entity5 by promoting substrate binding to the enzyme, without altering the bulk binding of the enzyme to the micelle surface. @entity0 is required for PLDdelta activity, and it significantly decreased the interfacial Michaelis constant K(m)(B). This indicates that @entity0 activates @entity5 by promoting the binding of phospholipid substrate to the catalytic site of the enzyme.

title: Kinetic analysis of XXXX phospholipase Ddelta. Substrate preference and mechanism of activation by @entity0 and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fifty crossbred gilts immunized against bovine serum albumin (BSA) or @entity3 conjugated to BSA ( @entity1 ) were used in three experiments. Primary immunizations were given at 120 d of age and boosters at 148 and 176 d. Gilts were moved to pens containing four to five animals each and exposed to boars beginning at 180 d of age. Immunization against @entity1 did not affect age at puberty, percentage of gilts exhibiting estrus or duration of first estrous cycle. Over the three experiments, ovulation rate was 24% greater for @entity1 -immunized gilts than for controls, and the number of corpora lutea was related positively (r = .82) to the log of the antibody titer. Number of ovulations decreased as interval from booster immunization to onset of estrus increased. During diestrus of the first estrous cycle, gilts immunized against @entity1 had more follicles 5 to 10 mm in diameter, more total ovarian follicles and more total ovarian structures (corpora lutea plus follicles) than controls. Immunization against @entity1 increased the frequency of LH pulses on d 16 but not on d 17 or 18, of the estrous cycle. However, average serum concentrations of LH, FSH and @entity0 from 5 d before until 2 d after expected estrus were not different between treatment groups. Concentrations of @entity1 in follicles 4 to 6 and greater than 7 mm in diameter were greater in gilts immunized against @entity1 . Mean serum @entity2 was higher on d 9 and 12 after mating in @entity1 immunized gilts than in controls. Immunization against @entity1 had no effect on maintenance of pregnancy or embryo survival rate.

title: Ovarian function and hormone secretion of gilts actively immunized against XXXX .

answer: @entity3