abstract: The @entity4 antagonists provide a unique tool to reduce myocardial @entity1 demand and prevent increases in coronary vasomotor tone. For @entity0 with @entity17 , @entity16 , @entity5 and @entity12 are extremely effective in preventing @entity13 of @entity14 and symptoms of @entity2 . Unstable @entity9 is a more complex pathophysiologic syndrome with @entity13 of @entity2 due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, intermittent @entity10 or alterations in the underlying @entity7 . Each of the @entity4 antagonists is effective as monotherapy in decreasing the frequency of @entity9 at rest. @entity5 is the only @entity4 antagonist that has been studied in a combination regimen with beta blockers and @entity15 for @entity0 with @entity11 , and control of @entity9 is better with the combination regimen than with either form of therapy alone. Although symptoms of @entity8 in @entity11 are reduced by @entity4 antagonists, these agents do not seem to decrease the incidence of adverse outcomes. Antiplatelet therapy appears to improve morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with @entity11 , suggesting that @entity6 formation may play a central role in that disorder. Episodes of silent or asymptomatic @entity8 , identified by ST-segment monitoring, occur in a variety of disorders of @entity3 . Among @entity0 with @entity17 and @entity11 , @entity13 of silent @entity2 appear to be as frequent as @entity13 of @entity9 and the @entity4 antagonists are effective in decreasing @entity13 of @entity2 regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Persisting @entity13 of silent @entity2 among @entity0 with @entity11 despite maximal medical therapy identify @entity0 at high risk for an early unfavorable outcome. Among @entity0 with stable exertional @entity9 , @entity13 of silent @entity2 may be up to 5 times as frequent as @entity13 of @entity9 , and may be due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, transient @entity10 or increases in myocardial @entity1 demand. Preliminary experience suggests that @entity4 antagonists and beta blockers are effective in decreasing @entity13 of silent @entity2 in @entity0 with stable exertional @entity9 and that a combination regimen may be more effective than either form of therapy alone.

title: XXXX antagonists for @entity17 , @entity11 and @entity8 : therapeutic tool and probe for identification of pathophysiologic mechanisms.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity4 antagonists provide a unique tool to reduce myocardial @entity1 demand and prevent increases in coronary vasomotor tone. For @entity0 with @entity17 , @entity16 , @entity5 and @entity12 are extremely effective in preventing @entity13 of @entity14 and symptoms of @entity2 . Unstable @entity9 is a more complex pathophysiologic syndrome with @entity13 of @entity2 due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, intermittent @entity10 or alterations in the underlying @entity7 . Each of the @entity4 antagonists is effective as monotherapy in decreasing the frequency of @entity9 at rest. @entity5 is the only @entity4 antagonist that has been studied in a combination regimen with beta blockers and @entity15 for @entity0 with @entity11 , and control of @entity9 is better with the combination regimen than with either form of therapy alone. Although symptoms of @entity8 in @entity11 are reduced by @entity4 antagonists, these agents do not seem to decrease the incidence of adverse outcomes. Antiplatelet therapy appears to improve morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with @entity11 , suggesting that @entity6 formation may play a central role in that disorder. Episodes of silent or asymptomatic @entity8 , identified by ST-segment monitoring, occur in a variety of disorders of @entity3 . Among @entity0 with @entity17 and @entity11 , @entity13 of silent @entity2 appear to be as frequent as @entity13 of @entity9 and the @entity4 antagonists are effective in decreasing @entity13 of @entity2 regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Persisting @entity13 of silent @entity2 among @entity0 with @entity11 despite maximal medical therapy identify @entity0 at high risk for an early unfavorable outcome. Among @entity0 with stable exertional @entity9 , @entity13 of silent @entity2 may be up to 5 times as frequent as @entity13 of @entity9 , and may be due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, transient @entity10 or increases in myocardial @entity1 demand. Preliminary experience suggests that @entity4 antagonists and beta blockers are effective in decreasing @entity13 of silent @entity2 in @entity0 with stable exertional @entity9 and that a combination regimen may be more effective than either form of therapy alone.

title: @entity4 antagonists for @entity17 , XXXX and @entity8 : therapeutic tool and probe for identification of pathophysiologic mechanisms.

answer: @entity11


abstract: The @entity4 antagonists provide a unique tool to reduce myocardial @entity1 demand and prevent increases in coronary vasomotor tone. For @entity0 with @entity17 , @entity16 , @entity5 and @entity12 are extremely effective in preventing @entity13 of @entity14 and symptoms of @entity2 . Unstable @entity9 is a more complex pathophysiologic syndrome with @entity13 of @entity2 due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, intermittent @entity10 or alterations in the underlying @entity7 . Each of the @entity4 antagonists is effective as monotherapy in decreasing the frequency of @entity9 at rest. @entity5 is the only @entity4 antagonist that has been studied in a combination regimen with beta blockers and @entity15 for @entity0 with @entity11 , and control of @entity9 is better with the combination regimen than with either form of therapy alone. Although symptoms of @entity8 in @entity11 are reduced by @entity4 antagonists, these agents do not seem to decrease the incidence of adverse outcomes. Antiplatelet therapy appears to improve morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with @entity11 , suggesting that @entity6 formation may play a central role in that disorder. Episodes of silent or asymptomatic @entity8 , identified by ST-segment monitoring, occur in a variety of disorders of @entity3 . Among @entity0 with @entity17 and @entity11 , @entity13 of silent @entity2 appear to be as frequent as @entity13 of @entity9 and the @entity4 antagonists are effective in decreasing @entity13 of @entity2 regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Persisting @entity13 of silent @entity2 among @entity0 with @entity11 despite maximal medical therapy identify @entity0 at high risk for an early unfavorable outcome. Among @entity0 with stable exertional @entity9 , @entity13 of silent @entity2 may be up to 5 times as frequent as @entity13 of @entity9 , and may be due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, transient @entity10 or increases in myocardial @entity1 demand. Preliminary experience suggests that @entity4 antagonists and beta blockers are effective in decreasing @entity13 of silent @entity2 in @entity0 with stable exertional @entity9 and that a combination regimen may be more effective than either form of therapy alone.

title: @entity4 antagonists for XXXX , @entity11 and @entity8 : therapeutic tool and probe for identification of pathophysiologic mechanisms.

answer: @entity17


abstract: The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM @entity3 and 10 mM @entity2 were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic @entity0 -resistant BB/ @entity1 at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in @entity0 BB/ @entity1 on the 1st and 14th days of their @entity0 . In the former group the insulin response to @entity3 declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched @entity0 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to @entity2 did not decline with age in either group. For @entity0 @entity1 , on the first day of the @entity0 , the insulin response to @entity3 was absent but the response to @entity2 did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to @entity3 and @entity2 were both absent. The glucagon response to @entity2 showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic @entity0 -prone @entity1 made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old @entity0 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In @entity0 @entity1 on the 1st and 14th days of @entity0 endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The @entity3 transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of @entity0 was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic @entity0 -prone controls. Thus, a population of @entity2 -responsive, @entity3 -unresponsive islets with low @entity3 transport rates is present at the onset of overt @entity0 in BB/ @entity1 .

title: Loss of insulin response to XXXX but not @entity2 during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/ @entity1 : relationships to islet volume and @entity3 transport rate.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM @entity3 and 10 mM @entity2 were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic @entity0 -resistant BB/ @entity1 at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in @entity0 BB/ @entity1 on the 1st and 14th days of their @entity0 . In the former group the insulin response to @entity3 declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched @entity0 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to @entity2 did not decline with age in either group. For @entity0 @entity1 , on the first day of the @entity0 , the insulin response to @entity3 was absent but the response to @entity2 did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to @entity3 and @entity2 were both absent. The glucagon response to @entity2 showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic @entity0 -prone @entity1 made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old @entity0 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In @entity0 @entity1 on the 1st and 14th days of @entity0 endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The @entity3 transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of @entity0 was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic @entity0 -prone controls. Thus, a population of @entity2 -responsive, @entity3 -unresponsive islets with low @entity3 transport rates is present at the onset of overt @entity0 in BB/ @entity1 .

title: Loss of insulin response to @entity3 but not @entity2 during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/ @entity1 : relationships to islet volume and XXXX transport rate.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM @entity3 and 10 mM @entity2 were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic @entity0 -resistant BB/ @entity1 at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in @entity0 BB/ @entity1 on the 1st and 14th days of their @entity0 . In the former group the insulin response to @entity3 declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched @entity0 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to @entity2 did not decline with age in either group. For @entity0 @entity1 , on the first day of the @entity0 , the insulin response to @entity3 was absent but the response to @entity2 did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to @entity3 and @entity2 were both absent. The glucagon response to @entity2 showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic @entity0 -prone @entity1 made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old @entity0 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In @entity0 @entity1 on the 1st and 14th days of @entity0 endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The @entity3 transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of @entity0 was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic @entity0 -prone controls. Thus, a population of @entity2 -responsive, @entity3 -unresponsive islets with low @entity3 transport rates is present at the onset of overt @entity0 in BB/ @entity1 .

title: Loss of insulin response to @entity3 but not XXXX during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/ @entity1 : relationships to islet volume and @entity3 transport rate.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM @entity3 and 10 mM @entity2 were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic @entity0 -resistant BB/ @entity1 at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in @entity0 BB/ @entity1 on the 1st and 14th days of their @entity0 . In the former group the insulin response to @entity3 declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched @entity0 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to @entity2 did not decline with age in either group. For @entity0 @entity1 , on the first day of the @entity0 , the insulin response to @entity3 was absent but the response to @entity2 did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to @entity3 and @entity2 were both absent. The glucagon response to @entity2 showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic @entity0 -prone @entity1 made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old @entity0 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In @entity0 @entity1 on the 1st and 14th days of @entity0 endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The @entity3 transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of @entity0 was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic @entity0 -prone controls. Thus, a population of @entity2 -responsive, @entity3 -unresponsive islets with low @entity3 transport rates is present at the onset of overt @entity0 in BB/ @entity1 .

title: Loss of insulin response to @entity3 but not @entity2 during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/ XXXX : relationships to islet volume and @entity3 transport rate.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence shows that overweight individuals exhibit an attentional bias for food and that this bias can be modified. This study investigated the longevity of such modification effects. Using a dot probe paradigm, a community sample of overweight and @entity1 @entity0 (N  =  104) was trained to direct attention towards ('attend') or away from ('avoid') food pictures. @entity0 completed five weekly training sessions. Attentional bias was measured before and after training, at 24  h and one-week follow-up. To increase generalisability, at each of the post-training and follow-up assessments, @entity0 were shown a mix of old and new food pictures. They also completed another implicit bias measure, i.e. a word stem task. Attentional bias for food increased in the 'attend' group and decreased in the 'avoid' group. These retraining effects were maintained at 24  h and one-week follow-up, and extended to new food pictures. @entity0 in the 'avoid' group also produced relatively fewer food words on the word stem task than those in the 'attend' group. Results are consistent with predictions of cognitive-motivational models that attentional biases are malleable. They further suggest that attentional bias modification, which targets the implicit processes that underlie the heightened food responsivity in overweight individuals, could help combat pathological (over)eating.

title: Longevity of attentional bias modification effects for food cues in overweight and XXXX individuals.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSI) after acetabular @entity3 surgery are uncommon but devastating. It is still unknown which risk factors contribute to SSI. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the risk factors of SSI after acetabular @entity3 surgery. METHODS: A total of 338 @entity0 who underwent the acetabular @entity3 surgical procedure were studied retrospectively. Post-operative SSI developed in 16 @entity0 . From the medical record, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Injury Severity Score (ISS), active smokers, @entity1 , causes of @entity3 , associated injuries, classification of the acetabular @entity3 , time from injury to operation, operative approaches, use of the Intra-Aortic Balloon Occlusion (IABO), operative time, surgical @entity4 , and days in the intensive care unit (ICU) were extracted. Univariate and multivariable analysis were performed to determine the association between risk factors and @entity5 . RESULTS: There were 10 males and six females in the infected group. According to the univariate analysis, the @entity0 in whom SSI developed were more @entity2 (higher BMI), more severely injured in terms of ISS, and had longer ICU stays. The operative time was longer, and estimated @entity4 was larger in the infected group. Associated injuries such as Morel-Lavall  e lesion, @entity6 , and urinary tract trauma were common in the infected group. Combined approaches and IABO were more commonly applied in the infected group. Multivariate analysis indicated that the operative time, Morel-Lavall  e lesion, and @entity6 are the independent risk factors for SSI. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the incidence of SSI in @entity0 with @entity3 , special attention should be paid to the @entity2 @entity0 , Morel-Lavall  e lesion, and concomitant @entity6 . Keeping the operative time short also reduces the risk of SSI. It is important to perform surgical intervention immediately after the @entity5 occurs.

title: Risk Factors of XXXX after Acetabular Fracture Surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between lumbosacropelvic morphology and the presence and degree of @entity4 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity5 of the facet joints is one of the most common degenerative changes in the spine. It is considered to be formed secondary to repetitive stress or @entity2 and @entity1 with secondary overload. The cause(s) of facet joints @entity5 , however, have not been clearly identified. METHODS: Abdominal computed tomography (CT) images of 723 @entity0 which were taken between the years 2010 and 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. @entity0 with prior lumbar spinal surgery, serious @entity3 on CT, @entity9 , severe @entity8 , were excluded from the study. To eliminate the age- and sex-related differences in spinopelvic morphology, a study group was formed of the remaining subjects by including @entity0 from a specific age group (30-35 yr) and same sex (females). For each @entity0 the presence and grade of @entity4 was investigated. In addition, pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope and the angles of L1-L5 lumbar @entity7 , sacral table, L5 vertebra posterior, and sacral @entity6 were measured for each @entity0 . RESULTS: Sacral slope, sacral @entity6 , and L1-L5 lumbar @entity7 angle were significantly higher in @entity0 with osteoarthritic compared with normal subjects (P = 0.015, P = 0.018, P = 0.016). L5 vertebra posterior and sacral table angle were found to be significantly lower in @entity0 with osteoarthritic than in normal subjects (P = 0.019, P = 0.007). The degree of @entity4 was noticed to increase parallel to the decrease in the sacral table angle and L5 vertebra posterior angle, and to the increase in the L1-L5 lumbar @entity7 , PI, and sacral slope. CONCLUSION: A close relation exists between the presence and degree of @entity4 and lumbosacral pelvic morphology. Prevalence and degree of the degeneration in facet joint increases as the angle of sacral slope, L1-L5 lumbar @entity7 , and PI increases or the angle of sacral table and L5 vertebra posterior decreases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: The Relationship Between XXXX of the Lumbar Facet Joints and Lumbosacropelvic Morphology.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Two low-dose intradermal regimens for @entity0 vaccination were compared with the standard 1 ml dose administered intramuscularly to healthy, 22-42 year old individuals. All regimens were administered in an abbreviated time schedule. Nineteen individuals ( @entity2 group) received three 0.1 ml (2 micrograms) doses intradermally at times 0, 1 month and 4 months. Twenty-four individuals ( @entity3 group) received two injections of 0.2 ml (4 micrograms) each intradermally at time 0 and one 0.1 ml (2 micrograms) injection 4 months later. Twenty individuals (IM group) received the recommended three 1.0 ml (20 micrograms) doses intramuscularly at times 0, 1 month, and 4 months. No significant adverse reactions were attributable to the intradermal administration of vaccine although the majority of vaccinees developed small areas of induration and @entity1 at the injection site that persisted for several months. One month following the last injection, all vaccinees had developed anti-HBsAg antibodies. One hundred percent of @entity2 and IM vaccinees and 95% of @entity3 vaccinees had protective levels of antibody (greater than or equal to 10 mIU ml-1). The geometric mean titre (GMT) for the IM group (2692 mIU ml-1) was somewhat higher than for the @entity2 (1230 mIU ml-1) and the @entity3 (851 mlU ml-1) groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. Since anti-HBs antibodies are thought to confer protection against @entity0 , these results suggest that a shortened regimen of intradermal vaccine may be effective in healthy adults. However, no efficacy study has yet been done with intradermal @entity0 vaccine.

title: Intradermal XXXX vaccination in an abbreviated schedule.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests a link between childhood adversities and @entity0 ( @entity0 ); however, study limitations prevent generalization of findings. To address this, the current study uses a Canadian population-based sample to investigate the relationship between 3 childhood adversities and 2 types of @entity0 while controlling for a range of factors. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of a subsample of the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health consisted of those with no missing data on any of the variables of interest (n = 21,852). The survey response rate was 68.9%. This study used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios of 3 types of childhood adversities (physical abuse, @entity3 , and witnessing parental domestic violence) separately for @entity2 and @entity1 , each compared with those without @entity0 . The final model controls for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and mental health. The exposure was assessed by retrospective self-report, and the outcome was by self-report of a health professional diagnosis. RESULTS: In a fully adjusted model, those who are physically (odds ratio = 2.28; confidence interval, 1.39-3.75) or sexually abused (odds ratio = 2.64; confidence interval, 1.61-4.33) during childhood had significantly higher odds of @entity2 than their non-maltreated peers. No relationship is found between witnessing parental domestic violence and @entity2 . None of the early adversities are significantly related to @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Childhood physical and @entity3 are related to @entity2 , but not @entity1 . Future research that can address epigenetic and neuroendocrine factors should investigate pathways through which early adversities may translate into one type of @entity0 but not another.

title: Childhood Maltreatment Is Associated with XXXX but Not @entity1 : Findings from a Population-based Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests a link between childhood adversities and @entity0 ( @entity0 ); however, study limitations prevent generalization of findings. To address this, the current study uses a Canadian population-based sample to investigate the relationship between 3 childhood adversities and 2 types of @entity0 while controlling for a range of factors. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of a subsample of the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health consisted of those with no missing data on any of the variables of interest (n = 21,852). The survey response rate was 68.9%. This study used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios of 3 types of childhood adversities (physical abuse, @entity3 , and witnessing parental domestic violence) separately for @entity2 and @entity1 , each compared with those without @entity0 . The final model controls for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and mental health. The exposure was assessed by retrospective self-report, and the outcome was by self-report of a health professional diagnosis. RESULTS: In a fully adjusted model, those who are physically (odds ratio = 2.28; confidence interval, 1.39-3.75) or sexually abused (odds ratio = 2.64; confidence interval, 1.61-4.33) during childhood had significantly higher odds of @entity2 than their non-maltreated peers. No relationship is found between witnessing parental domestic violence and @entity2 . None of the early adversities are significantly related to @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Childhood physical and @entity3 are related to @entity2 , but not @entity1 . Future research that can address epigenetic and neuroendocrine factors should investigate pathways through which early adversities may translate into one type of @entity0 but not another.

title: Childhood Maltreatment Is Associated with @entity2 but Not XXXX : Findings from a Population-based Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGOUND: Bowel wall @entity3 is associated with a complicated disease behavior in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The quantitative assessment of @entity3 severity in @entity1 -affected bowel can help clinical decision making. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility, reliability, and reproducibility of ultrasound elasticity imaging (UEI) toward the assessment of ileal @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 , elected for surgical resection of the terminal ileum, underwent bowel ultrasound and UEI. Twenty inflammatory @entity1 @entity0 without complications were enrolled as controls. Bowel wall stiffness was evaluated with UEI by means of color scale and quantitative strain ratio measurement. The severity of bowel wall @entity3 and @entity2 were evaluated on histological sections by semiquantitative and quantitative image analysis and used as a reference standard. RESULTS: The UEI strain ratio measurement was significantly correlated with the severity of bowel @entity3 at both semiquantitative and quantitative histological image analysis: it was characterized by an excellent discriminatory ability for severe bowel @entity3 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.917; 95% confidence interval, 0.788-1.000). UEI strain ratio measurements were characterized by an excellent interrater agreement. At multivariate analysis, bowel wall @entity3 proved the only independent determinant of the strain ratio. The ileal strain ratio of inflammatory @entity1 @entity0 was significantly lower than in operated @entity1 @entity0 with severe @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: UEI can be used to assess ileal @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: The Role of Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging in Predicting Ileal Fibrosis in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGOUND: Bowel wall @entity3 is associated with a complicated disease behavior in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The quantitative assessment of @entity3 severity in @entity1 -affected bowel can help clinical decision making. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility, reliability, and reproducibility of ultrasound elasticity imaging (UEI) toward the assessment of ileal @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 , elected for surgical resection of the terminal ileum, underwent bowel ultrasound and UEI. Twenty inflammatory @entity1 @entity0 without complications were enrolled as controls. Bowel wall stiffness was evaluated with UEI by means of color scale and quantitative strain ratio measurement. The severity of bowel wall @entity3 and @entity2 were evaluated on histological sections by semiquantitative and quantitative image analysis and used as a reference standard. RESULTS: The UEI strain ratio measurement was significantly correlated with the severity of bowel @entity3 at both semiquantitative and quantitative histological image analysis: it was characterized by an excellent discriminatory ability for severe bowel @entity3 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.917; 95% confidence interval, 0.788-1.000). UEI strain ratio measurements were characterized by an excellent interrater agreement. At multivariate analysis, bowel wall @entity3 proved the only independent determinant of the strain ratio. The ileal strain ratio of inflammatory @entity1 @entity0 was significantly lower than in operated @entity1 @entity0 with severe @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: UEI can be used to assess ileal @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: The Role of Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging in Predicting Ileal Fibrosis in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The lamina cribrosa likely plays an important role in retinal ganglion cell axon injury in @entity1 . We sought to (1) better understand optic nerve head (ONH) structure and anterior lamina cribrosa surface (ALCS) microarchitecture between fellow eyes of living, normal non- @entity0 primates and (2) characterize the time-course of in vivo structural changes in the ONH, ALCS microarchitecture, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in non- @entity0 primate eyes with early experimental @entity1 (EG). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) images of the ONH were acquired cross-sectionally in six bilaterally normal @entity2 , and before and approximately every two weeks after inducing unilateral EG in seven @entity2 . ONH parameters and RNFLT were quantified from segmented SDOCT images. Mean ALCS pore area, elongation and nearest neighbor distance (NND) were quantified globally, in sectors and regionally from adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope images. In bilaterally normal monkeys, ONH parameters were similar between fellow eyes with few inter-eye differences in ALCS pore parameters. In EG monkeys, an increase in mean ALCS Depth (ALCSD) was the first structural change measured in 6 of 7 EG eyes. A decrease in mean minimum rim width (MRW) simultaneously accompanied this early change in 4 of 6 EG eyes and was the first structural change in the 7th EG eye. Mean ALCS pore parameters were among the first or second changes measured in 4 EG eyes. Mean ALCS pore area and NND increased in superotemporal and temporal sectors and in central and peripheral regions at the first time-point of change in ALCS pore geometry. RNFLT and/or mean ALCS radius of curvature were typically the last parameters to initially change. Survival analyses found mean ALCSD was the only parameter to significantly show an initial change prior to the first measured loss in RNFLT across EG eyes.

title: In Vivo Changes in Lamina Cribrosa Microarchitecture and Optic Nerve Head Structure in Early Experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: For autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) to restore cartilage defect, limited cell numbers and dedifferentiation of chondrocytes are the major difficulties. An alternative is the use of growth factors, but the high cost and potential tumorigenesis are the major obstacles. To ensure successful ACI therapy, it is of significance to find effective substituted pro-chondrogenic agent. @entity4 from plant extract have low @entity1 and few undesirable side effects, which were reported to facilitate cartilage regeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of Longan polysaccharides (LP) on @entity0 articular chondrocytes through examination of the cell proliferation, morphology, viability, glycosaminoglycan synthesis and cartilage-specific gene expression. Results showed that close to the positive group which used the growth factor of TGF-b, LP could effectively promote chondrocytes growth and enhance secretion and synthesis of cartilage extracellular matrix by up-regulating expression levels of aggrecan, collagen II and @entity5 compared to the negative control. Expression of collagen I gene was effectively down-regulated, demonstrating the inhibition of chondrocytes dedifferentiation by LP. @entity2 that might lead to chondrocyte ossification was also undetectable in LP groups. Range of 4.69-18.76    g/ml was recommended dose of LP, among which the most profound response was observed with 9.38   g/ml. All the evidences revealed that LP may replace the growth factors to be applied in ACI therapy. This study might provide a basis for development of a novel agent in the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Effect of Longan polysaccharides on proliferation and phenotype maintenance in XXXX articular chondrocytes in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: There is experimental evidence suggesting the existence of a liquid-liquid transition (LLT) in a single-component liquid. However, none of this evidence is free from controversy, including the case of a molecular liquid, @entity2 , which we study here. Furthermore, the kinetics of LLT has been largely unexplored. Here we study the phase-transition dynamics of @entity2 in a supercooled liquid state by means of time-resolved polarized and depolarized small-angle light scattering to clarify whether the transition is a liquid-liquid transition (LLT) or merely @entity1 . A part of this study was recently reported in another of our papers [Shimizu, R.; Kobayashi, M.; Tanaka, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 112, 125702]. A detailed analysis of our experimental results of light scattering and the comparison with heat evolution during LLT have revealed the following facts. The polarized scattering from domains has a finite (nonzero) intensity in the low-wavenumber limit, and the time evolution of its average intensity is almost proportional to the square of the heat-releasing rate. The depolarized scattering intensity monotonically increases in the process of LLT during isothermal annealing above the spinodal temperature @entity0 but exhibits a peak below @entity0 . On the basis of these results, we suggest that the primary process is LLT, whose order parameter is of a nonconserved nature, but accompanies @entity1 . In the NG-type LLT, the sharp interface between liquid II droplets and the liquid I matrix promotes @entity1 there, whereas much less @entity1 is induced in the SD-type LLT due to the lack of such sharp interfaces.

title: Time-Resolved Light Scattering Study on the Kinetics of the Liquid-Liquid Transition in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 with @entity4 who have poor prognostic features at diagnosis usually have a short disease-free survival in spite of successful remission induction. Those poor risk features are: age over 30 years, a white blood cell count over 25,000/microliter, certain translocations of chromosomes, and requirement for more than six weeks of induction chemotherapy to attain a complete remission. We have used high-dose radiochemotherapy to prepare 39 @entity0 with @entity4 in first complete remission (1 @entity0 and 38 adults; median age 23 years) for bone marrow transplantation from histocompatible sibling donors. Thirty-one of the 39 @entity0 in this study had one (n = 23) or more (n = 8) poor risk features: age (n = 7); high white blood cell count (n = 19); translocations (n = 4), or resistance to initial induction therapy (n = 11). Currently, 26 @entity0 are surviving for 4-72 months (median 18 months) following marrow grafting and are in complete remission. One of the surviving @entity0 had two marrow transplant procedures because of recurrent @entity5 . Actuarial survival in complete remission is 63% for the entire group of 39 @entity0 and is 60% if the eight @entity0 who had no poor risk features are excluded from analysis. The following causes for failure were observed: leukemic relapse was encountered in four @entity0 between 3 and 17 months after BMT for an actuarial relapse rate of 16%; @entity7 was the cause of @entity2 in two @entity0 ; @entity6 and/or @entity3 led to the demise of seven @entity0 , and one @entity0 died with @entity1 . It appears that high-dose radiochemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplantation from a histocompatible sibling donor during first complete remission can result in a high disease-free survival rate for younger adults with poor-risk @entity4 . This concept needs to be tested in prospective trials comparing bone marrow transplantation with chemotherapy.

title: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for XXXX during first complete remission.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of epidermal growth factor- @entity7 kinase inhibitors ( @entity3 ) over the standard first-line @entity4 -based chemotherapy for metastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Studies that were considered eligible included controlled prospective randomized phase III studies in @entity0 with @entity5 stages IIIB or IV. These @entity0 received standard first-line @entity4 -based chemotherapy or @entity3 -TKI; overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) with adequate data were available to calculate and estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Eight studies were identified that compared @entity3 -TKI versus standard first-line @entity4 -based chemotherapy to treat @entity5 in 2962 @entity0 . @entity0 receiving @entity3 showed significantly longer PFS [HR=0.266 (95% CI=0.20-0.35), P<0.0001]. No significant difference in overall survival [HR=0.946 (95% CI=0.35-2.53), P=0.912] was observed between the groups. The cumulative meta-analysis of the studies showed that, since 2011 (OPTIMAL study), the PFS benefit in the @entity3 arm was statistically significantly longer. @entity1 values greater than or equal to 3 in the most prevalent @entity3 -TKI group included @entity6 , @entity2 , and increased aminotransferase. @entity3 -TKI treatment significantly extends PFS, with acceptable @entity1 than @entity4 -based chemotherapy. Thus, they should be considered as the first choice in the first-line treatment for @entity0 with @entity5 and with the @entity3 mutation.

title: Cumulative meta-analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor- XXXX kinase inhibitors as first-line therapy in metastatic @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: We carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of epidermal growth factor- @entity7 kinase inhibitors ( @entity3 ) over the standard first-line @entity4 -based chemotherapy for metastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Studies that were considered eligible included controlled prospective randomized phase III studies in @entity0 with @entity5 stages IIIB or IV. These @entity0 received standard first-line @entity4 -based chemotherapy or @entity3 -TKI; overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) with adequate data were available to calculate and estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Eight studies were identified that compared @entity3 -TKI versus standard first-line @entity4 -based chemotherapy to treat @entity5 in 2962 @entity0 . @entity0 receiving @entity3 showed significantly longer PFS [HR=0.266 (95% CI=0.20-0.35), P<0.0001]. No significant difference in overall survival [HR=0.946 (95% CI=0.35-2.53), P=0.912] was observed between the groups. The cumulative meta-analysis of the studies showed that, since 2011 (OPTIMAL study), the PFS benefit in the @entity3 arm was statistically significantly longer. @entity1 values greater than or equal to 3 in the most prevalent @entity3 -TKI group included @entity6 , @entity2 , and increased aminotransferase. @entity3 -TKI treatment significantly extends PFS, with acceptable @entity1 than @entity4 -based chemotherapy. Thus, they should be considered as the first choice in the first-line treatment for @entity0 with @entity5 and with the @entity3 mutation.

title: Cumulative meta-analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor- @entity7 kinase inhibitors as first-line therapy in metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We review evidence that the AMIS (Absence of Meal-induced @entity9 Sensitization) syndrome describes a paradigm fundamental to development of @entity1 . The hypoglycemic response to a pulse of @entity9 is doubled after a meal as a result of Hepatic @entity9 Sensitizing Substance (HISS), released from the liver to act selectively on muscle, heart and kidney. In the absence of HISS action, the hypoglycemic response to @entity9 is the same as in the fasted state, and only half of what it should be. Postprandial @entity11 ensues, with @entity10 , resultant @entity5 and elevated free radical stress. Storage of nutrient energy shifts from glycogen in muscle to fat. Chronic AMIS results in adiposity, occurs with age, is accelerated with @entity6 supplement, and prevented by a synergistic antioxidant. Exercise reverses AMIS, as do pharmaceuticals that mimic the "feeding signals". The AMIS syndrome develops as a sequence of pathologies based on the consequences of absence of HISS action, including adiposity as the earliest symptom. @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity8 are related to lack of HISS action. The AMIS syndrome hypothesis is mechanistic-based and accounts for the major pathologies associated with @entity12 , @entity1 , @entity0 and @entity3 . AMIS can be diagnosed, prevented and treated.

title: XXXX as an Early Symptom of the AMIS Syndrome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 has been associated with an increased risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Although previous studies have suggested a beneficial effect of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) therapy, almost all of these are limited by small sample size and relatively low @entity5 dose. We hypothesized that high-dose @entity5 decreases the occurrence of new-onset @entity2 , and we tested this hypothesis by using data from a prospective trial that assessed the effect of @entity5 on cognitive outcomes in @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: A total of 389 @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to receive @entity5 as a 50- @entity5 /kg bolus immediately after induction of anesthesia followed by another 50 @entity5 /kg as an infusion given over 3 hours (total dose, 100 @entity5 /kg) or placebo. We tested the effect of @entity5 therapy on @entity2 with logistic regression, adjusting for the risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by using the Multicenter Study of Perioperative @entity1 risk index for @entity2 after Cardiac Surgery. RESULTS: Among the 363 @entity0 analyzed, after we excluded @entity0 with chronic or acute preoperative @entity2 (placebo: n = 177; @entity5 : n = 186), the incidence of new-onset @entity2 was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35%-50%) in the @entity5 group compared with 37.9% (95% CI, 31%-45%) in the placebo group (P = 0.40). The 95% CI for this absolute risk difference of 4.6% is -5.5% to 14.7%. The time to onset of @entity2 also was identical between the groups, and no significant effect of @entity5 was found in logistic regression analysis after we adjusted for @entity2 risk (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.69-1.72; P = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose intraoperative @entity5 therapy did not decrease the incidence of new-onset @entity2 after cardiac surgery.

title: Intraoperative @entity4 Administration Does Not Reduce Postoperative XXXX After Cardiac Surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 has been associated with an increased risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Although previous studies have suggested a beneficial effect of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) therapy, almost all of these are limited by small sample size and relatively low @entity5 dose. We hypothesized that high-dose @entity5 decreases the occurrence of new-onset @entity2 , and we tested this hypothesis by using data from a prospective trial that assessed the effect of @entity5 on cognitive outcomes in @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: A total of 389 @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to receive @entity5 as a 50- @entity5 /kg bolus immediately after induction of anesthesia followed by another 50 @entity5 /kg as an infusion given over 3 hours (total dose, 100 @entity5 /kg) or placebo. We tested the effect of @entity5 therapy on @entity2 with logistic regression, adjusting for the risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by using the Multicenter Study of Perioperative @entity1 risk index for @entity2 after Cardiac Surgery. RESULTS: Among the 363 @entity0 analyzed, after we excluded @entity0 with chronic or acute preoperative @entity2 (placebo: n = 177; @entity5 : n = 186), the incidence of new-onset @entity2 was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35%-50%) in the @entity5 group compared with 37.9% (95% CI, 31%-45%) in the placebo group (P = 0.40). The 95% CI for this absolute risk difference of 4.6% is -5.5% to 14.7%. The time to onset of @entity2 also was identical between the groups, and no significant effect of @entity5 was found in logistic regression analysis after we adjusted for @entity2 risk (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.69-1.72; P = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose intraoperative @entity5 therapy did not decrease the incidence of new-onset @entity2 after cardiac surgery.

title: Intraoperative XXXX Administration Does Not Reduce Postoperative @entity2 After Cardiac Surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To (1) quantify the diagnostic techniques used by Dental Practice-Based Research Network (DPBRN) dentists before they decide to treat primary @entity1 surgically and (2) examine whether certain dentist, practice, and @entity0 characteristics are associated with their use. METHODS: A total of 228 DPBRN dentists recorded information on 5,676 consecutive restorations inserted due to primary @entity1 on 3,751 @entity0 . Practitioner-investigators placed a mean of 24.9 (SD = 12.4) restorations. Lesions were categorized as posterior proximal, anterior proximal, posterior occiusal, posterior smooth, or anterior smooth. Techniques used to diagnose the lesion were categorized as clinical assessment, radiographs, and/or optical. Statistical analysis utilized generalized mixed-model ANOVA to account for the hierarchical structure of the data. RESULTS: By lesion category, the diagnostic technique combinations used most frequently were clinical assessment plus radiographs for posterior proximal (47%), clinical assessment for anterior proximal (51%), clinical assessment for posterior occlusal (46%), clinical assessment for posterior smooth (77%), and clinical assessment for anterior smooth (80%). Diagnostic technique was significantly associated with lesion category after adjusting for clustering in dentists (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results--obtained during actual clinical procedures rather than from questionnaire-based hypothetical scenarios--quantified the diagnostic techniques most commonly used during the actual delivery of routine restorative care. Diagnostic technique varied by lesion category and with certain practice and @entity0 characteristics.

title: Methods dentists use to diagnose primary XXXX prior to restorative treatment: Findings from The Dental PBRN.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In conditions of limited haemodilution (haematocrit 0.25), an improvement in the rheological properties of blood and an increase in cardiac output allow increased perfusion of capillaries and maintenance of tissue oxygenation so long as normal circulating volume is maintained. However, some authors have suggested that blood substitutes enabling @entity0 transport are necessary. The suitability of such substitutes depends on their physicochemical properties and, until now, only the use of haemoglobin solutions and @entity5 emulsions has been. The use of fluorocarbons requires respiration under @entity1 or pure @entity0 , which is a major limitation. Haemoglobin solutions suffer from inadequate concentration, short vascular persistence and too high an affinity for @entity0 , but these @entity2 disappear with polymerized pyridoxylated haemoglobin. Though both types of preparation can keep animals alive with zero haematocrit for some time, their contribution to oxygenation goes down as the haematocrit goes up. According to Zander and Makowski [40]. the minimum acceptable amount of @entity0 in the blood is reached with a haemoglobin concentration of 4.4 g X 100 ml-1 with a @entity3 of 90 mmHg (12 kPa), and of 3.3 g X 100 ml-1 with a @entity3 of 550 mmHg (73 kPa); these values correspond to a haematocrit close to 0.10. At this haematocrit and with a @entity3 of 90 mmHg, a 70 g X l-1 haemoglobin solution contributes for 28% to the consumption of @entity0 in @entity4 , while @entity6 20, used at @entity3 550 mmHg, takes care of 55% of this consumption. At higher haematocrits, it is not certain that these substitutions have a real advantage over the usual plasma expanders at normovolaemic haemodilution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The place for using erythrocyte substitutes in hemodilution: XXXX and polymerized pyridoxylated hemoglobin].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The effects of subinhibitory concentrations of different @entity6 antibiotics and one @entity3 on the sedimentation of outer membranes (OMs) of @entity1 and on the qualitative properties and immunogenicity of OM components were studied. Membranes were prepared by osmotic lysis of plasmolyzed bacteria. OM and cytoplasmic membrane vesicles were separated by @entity2 density ultracentrifugation. Two peaks of OM vesicles with different buoyant densities could be isolated; the quantitative contribution of these to the total OM varied, depending upon the growth phase. In early log phase, the OM consisted mainly of lighter material; in late log and stationary phases, the OM consisted mainly of heavier material. @entity5 , imipenem, and @entity4 inhibited the formation of heavier material in all growth phases. The immunogenicity of OM vesicles was tested in @entity0 by the hemolytic plaque test. The lighter OM material was markedly less immunogenic than the heavier OM material. The vesicles from antibiotic-treated bacteria and those from early-log-phase cells were less immunogenic than vesicles from untreated late-log-phase and stationary-phase bacteria. These changes were found for the immune response against lipopolysaccharides, as well as against OM proteins. Thus, the immunogenicity of OM components seems to be dependent upon the quantitative composition of lighter and heavier compounds, which is strongly influenced by growth phase and treatment with certain antibiotics.

title: Influence of @entity6 antibiotics and @entity4 on composition and immunogenicity of XXXX outer membrane.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of subinhibitory concentrations of different @entity6 antibiotics and one @entity3 on the sedimentation of outer membranes (OMs) of @entity1 and on the qualitative properties and immunogenicity of OM components were studied. Membranes were prepared by osmotic lysis of plasmolyzed bacteria. OM and cytoplasmic membrane vesicles were separated by @entity2 density ultracentrifugation. Two peaks of OM vesicles with different buoyant densities could be isolated; the quantitative contribution of these to the total OM varied, depending upon the growth phase. In early log phase, the OM consisted mainly of lighter material; in late log and stationary phases, the OM consisted mainly of heavier material. @entity5 , imipenem, and @entity4 inhibited the formation of heavier material in all growth phases. The immunogenicity of OM vesicles was tested in @entity0 by the hemolytic plaque test. The lighter OM material was markedly less immunogenic than the heavier OM material. The vesicles from antibiotic-treated bacteria and those from early-log-phase cells were less immunogenic than vesicles from untreated late-log-phase and stationary-phase bacteria. These changes were found for the immune response against lipopolysaccharides, as well as against OM proteins. Thus, the immunogenicity of OM components seems to be dependent upon the quantitative composition of lighter and heavier compounds, which is strongly influenced by growth phase and treatment with certain antibiotics.

title: Influence of XXXX antibiotics and @entity4 on composition and immunogenicity of @entity1 outer membrane.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The effects of subinhibitory concentrations of different @entity6 antibiotics and one @entity3 on the sedimentation of outer membranes (OMs) of @entity1 and on the qualitative properties and immunogenicity of OM components were studied. Membranes were prepared by osmotic lysis of plasmolyzed bacteria. OM and cytoplasmic membrane vesicles were separated by @entity2 density ultracentrifugation. Two peaks of OM vesicles with different buoyant densities could be isolated; the quantitative contribution of these to the total OM varied, depending upon the growth phase. In early log phase, the OM consisted mainly of lighter material; in late log and stationary phases, the OM consisted mainly of heavier material. @entity5 , imipenem, and @entity4 inhibited the formation of heavier material in all growth phases. The immunogenicity of OM vesicles was tested in @entity0 by the hemolytic plaque test. The lighter OM material was markedly less immunogenic than the heavier OM material. The vesicles from antibiotic-treated bacteria and those from early-log-phase cells were less immunogenic than vesicles from untreated late-log-phase and stationary-phase bacteria. These changes were found for the immune response against lipopolysaccharides, as well as against OM proteins. Thus, the immunogenicity of OM components seems to be dependent upon the quantitative composition of lighter and heavier compounds, which is strongly influenced by growth phase and treatment with certain antibiotics.

title: Influence of @entity6 antibiotics and XXXX on composition and immunogenicity of @entity1 outer membrane.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In @entity3 , areal @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is above average, and skeletal indices by bone biopsy are abnormal. We used high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) and finite element analyses (FEA) to further investigate skeletal microstructure and estimated bone strength. We studied 60 @entity3 subjects on conventional therapy using DXA, HRpQCT, and FEA of the distal radius and tibia compared with normative controls from the Canadian Multicentre @entity2 Study. In @entity3 @entity0 and @entity0 , areal @entity1 was above average at the lumbar spine and hip sites by DXA; radial @entity1 was also above average in @entity3 @entity0 . Using HRpQCT, cortical volumetric @entity1 was increased in the @entity3 cohort compared with controls at both the radius and tibia. Cortical porosity was reduced at both sites in pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 and at the tibia in young @entity0 with a downward trend at the radius in @entity0 . At the tibia, trabecular number was increased in premenopausal @entity0 and @entity0 and trabecular thickness was lower in @entity0 . Ultimate stress and failure load at both sites for the @entity3 subjects were similar to controls. Using a linear regression model, at both radius and tibia, each increment in age decreased ultimate stress and failure load, whereas each increment in duration of @entity3 increased these same indices. These results provide additional evidence for the critical role of parathyroid hormone in regulating skeletal microstructure. Longer disease duration may mitigate the adverse effects of age on estimated bone strength in @entity3 .    2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

title: Noninvasive Assessment of Skeletal Microstructure and Estimated Bone Strength in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A decrease in @entity6 receptor (NMDAR) function is associated with age-related @entity2 . However, NMDAR antagonists are prescribed for @entity2 associated with age-related @entity3 , raising questions as to the role of NMDAR activity in cognitive function during aging. The current studies examined effects of NMDAR blockade on cognitive task that are sensitive to aging. Young and middle-age @entity0 were trained on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) and challenged with @entity5 (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1mg/kg or vehicle). @entity1 were apparent in middle-age and performance of young and middle-age @entity0 was enhanced for low doses of @entity5 (0.025 and 0.05). The beneficial effects on attention were reversed by the highest dose of @entity5 . Older animals exhibited a delay-dependent @entity4 examined on a delayed-matching to place water maze task. Similarly, a low dose of @entity5 (0.05mg/kg) impaired performance with increasing delay and aged animals were more susceptible to disruption by NMDAR blockade. Despite @entity5 @entity4 , @entity5 had minimal effects on spatial reference memory. Our results confirm that NMDARs contribute to rapidly acquired and flexible spatial memory and support the idea that a decline in NMDAR function contributes to the age-related @entity2 .

title: Contribution of XXXX receptors to attention and episodic spatial memory during senescence.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Sera from 56 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were tested for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2-cells. 16 @entity0 (28.6%) had ANA, mostly in low titers of 1: 40 and with uncharacteristic fluorescence patterns. Nucleolar antibodies as in progressive @entity1 were seen in a few cases only. Two female patients demonstrated antibodies with a centromere-like pattern. ANA were most frequently found in @entity0 with @entity5 idiopathica progressiva (60%) and in linear @entity3 (44%). Rheumatoid factor was present in 62% of @entity0 with linear @entity3 ; it was less frequent in other forms of @entity3 . Antibodies against double-stranded DNA were found only in one female @entity0 , but three @entity0 with systemic involvement had antibodies to single-stranded DNA. Antibodies to soluble nuclear Scl-70, Ul-RNP and @entity4 antigens or to the cytoplasmatic Ro(SSA)-antigen, respectively, were not detected in the @entity0 with @entity3 . These results demonstrate that humoral autoimmune phenomena may occur in @entity3 , mainly in @entity0 with linear @entity3 . These phenomena, however, are less frequent and specific than in progressive @entity1 or in other @entity2 .

title: [The antinuclear antibody spectrum in circumscribed forms of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In addition to causing @entity4 and disability to the individual, @entity3 are also extremely expensive to society and governments. These disorders are both common and debilitating and impact on cognition, functionality and wellbeing. Cognitive enhancing drugs, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and @entity6 , are used to treat @entity2 in @entity5 and @entity1 , respectively. Other @entity2 include specific computerized cognitive training and devices. An example of a novel form of cognitive enhancement using the technological advancement of a game on an iPad that also acts to increase motivation is presented. Cognitive enhancing drugs, such as @entity6 and @entity7 , which were developed as treatments, are increasingly being used by healthy @entity0 . @entity7 not only affects 'cold' cognition, but also improves 'hot' cognition, such as emotion recognition and task-related motivation. The lifestyle use of 'smart drugs' raises both safety concerns as well as ethical issues, including coercion and increasing disparity in society. As a society, we need to consider which forms of cognitive enhancement (e.g. pharmacological, exercise, lifelong learning) are acceptable and for which groups (e.g. military, doctors) under what conditions (e.g. war, shift work) and by what methods we would wish to improve and flourish.

title: The impact of neuroscience on society: cognitive enhancement in XXXX and in healthy @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In addition to causing @entity4 and disability to the individual, @entity3 are also extremely expensive to society and governments. These disorders are both common and debilitating and impact on cognition, functionality and wellbeing. Cognitive enhancing drugs, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and @entity6 , are used to treat @entity2 in @entity5 and @entity1 , respectively. Other @entity2 include specific computerized cognitive training and devices. An example of a novel form of cognitive enhancement using the technological advancement of a game on an iPad that also acts to increase motivation is presented. Cognitive enhancing drugs, such as @entity6 and @entity7 , which were developed as treatments, are increasingly being used by healthy @entity0 . @entity7 not only affects 'cold' cognition, but also improves 'hot' cognition, such as emotion recognition and task-related motivation. The lifestyle use of 'smart drugs' raises both safety concerns as well as ethical issues, including coercion and increasing disparity in society. As a society, we need to consider which forms of cognitive enhancement (e.g. pharmacological, exercise, lifelong learning) are acceptable and for which groups (e.g. military, doctors) under what conditions (e.g. war, shift work) and by what methods we would wish to improve and flourish.

title: The impact of neuroscience on society: cognitive enhancement in @entity3 and in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We aimed to determine normal reference ranges for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and annual @entity2 change rate in a Korean nationwide screening population. Data from @entity0 who underwent a routine health check-up were collected from 13 university hospitals. The cohort comprised @entity0 aged >= 40 yr who had undergone 2 or more serial transrectal ultrasonographies. @entity0 with initial @entity2 >100 mL; serum PSA level>10 ng/mL; @entity2 reduction>20% compared with initial @entity2 , or who had history of @entity1 or prostate surgery, were excluded. Linear regression and mixed effects regression analyses were used to predict mean @entity2 and longitudinal change in @entity2 over time. A total of 2,967 @entity0 formed the study cohort. Age, body mass index (BMI), and serum @entity3 (PSA) level were found to be significant predictors of @entity2 . A predicted @entity2 table, with a 95% confidence interval (CIs), was developed after adjusting for these 3 variables. Annual @entity2 change rate was 0.51 mL/year (95% CI, 0.47-0.55). Annual @entity2 change rate according to age was 0.68 mL/year, 0.84 mL/year, 1.09 mL/year, and 0.50 mL/year for subjects in their 40s, 50s, 60s, and >= 70 yr, respectively. Predicted annual @entity2 change rate differed depending on age, BMI, serum PSA level and baseline @entity2 . From a nationwide screening database, we established age-, PSA-, and BMI-specific reference ranges for @entity2 and annual @entity2 change rate in Korean @entity0 . Our newly established reference ranges for @entity2 and annual @entity2 change rate will be valuable in interpreting @entity2 data in Korean @entity0 .

title: Establishment of Reference Ranges for Prostate Volume and Annual Prostate Volume Change Rate in Korean Adult XXXX : Analyses of a Nationwide Screening Population.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditionally @entity2 has been used for providing sedation in dilatation and curettage (D and C). Recently, @entity4 has been tried, but very little evidence exists to support its use. AIMS: The aim was to compare hemodynamic and recovery profile of both the drugs along with a degree of comfort experienced by @entity0 and the usefulness of the drug to surgeons. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Tertiary care center and open-label randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 posted for D and C were enrolled in two groups (25 each). Both groups received @entity3 1  g/kg intravenous (IV) at the beginning of the procedure. Group P received IV @entity2 in dose of 1.5 mg/kg over 10-15 min and Group D received @entity4 at a loading dose of 1  g/kg over 10 min, followed by 0.5  g/kg/h infusion until Ramsay sedation score reached 3-4. Hemodynamic vitals were compared during and after the procedure. In the recovery room time to reach modified Aldrete score (MAS) of 9-10 and @entity0 's and surgeon's satisfaction scores were also recorded and compared. RESULTS: In Group D, @entity0 had statistically significant lower heart rate at 2, 5, 10 and 15 min as compared to Group P. @entity1 was present in 52% in Group P and 4% in Group D (P < 0.05). MAS of 9-10 was achieved in 4.4 min in subjects in Group D in contrast to 16.2 min in Group P (P < 0.05). Group D showed higher @entity0 and surgeon satisfaction scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity4 provide better hemodynamic and recovery profile than @entity2 . It can be a superior alternative for short surgical day care procedures.

title: XXXX versus @entity2 in dilatation and curettage: An open-label pilot randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditionally @entity2 has been used for providing sedation in dilatation and curettage (D and C). Recently, @entity4 has been tried, but very little evidence exists to support its use. AIMS: The aim was to compare hemodynamic and recovery profile of both the drugs along with a degree of comfort experienced by @entity0 and the usefulness of the drug to surgeons. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Tertiary care center and open-label randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 posted for D and C were enrolled in two groups (25 each). Both groups received @entity3 1  g/kg intravenous (IV) at the beginning of the procedure. Group P received IV @entity2 in dose of 1.5 mg/kg over 10-15 min and Group D received @entity4 at a loading dose of 1  g/kg over 10 min, followed by 0.5  g/kg/h infusion until Ramsay sedation score reached 3-4. Hemodynamic vitals were compared during and after the procedure. In the recovery room time to reach modified Aldrete score (MAS) of 9-10 and @entity0 's and surgeon's satisfaction scores were also recorded and compared. RESULTS: In Group D, @entity0 had statistically significant lower heart rate at 2, 5, 10 and 15 min as compared to Group P. @entity1 was present in 52% in Group P and 4% in Group D (P < 0.05). MAS of 9-10 was achieved in 4.4 min in subjects in Group D in contrast to 16.2 min in Group P (P < 0.05). Group D showed higher @entity0 and surgeon satisfaction scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity4 provide better hemodynamic and recovery profile than @entity2 . It can be a superior alternative for short surgical day care procedures.

title: @entity4 versus XXXX in dilatation and curettage: An open-label pilot randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twelve-week-old female SD @entity0 were restricted to an 8 g/day feed intake for 2 months followed by feeding ad libitum for 3 weeks. Feed restriction resulted in @entity2 and constant diestrous. A persistent increase in the hypothalamic @entity3 content was observed during the underfed period. Serum LH and PRL levels dropped throughout the period but the initial reduction in the serum FSH level was observed on the 60th day. The reductions in the pituitary content of these hormones were observed on the 30th day. The decrease in the serum and ovarian E2 levels were detected on the 14th day. Anterior pituitary showed a significant response to @entity3 + @entity4 during the course, and the relative increases in LH, FSH and PRL were greater than those in the pretreatment @entity0 . In the course of refeeding, the body weight returned to the control level and regular estrous cycles were reestablished on the 15th and 21st day, respectively. @entity6 @entity3 content returned to the control level on the 16th day. The changes in the @entity1 were prompt rebound rises in serum FSH and PRL levels and pituitary FSH content, delayed restoration of serum and pituitary LH levels and serum and ovarian E2 levels, and a marked increase in the serum and ovarian @entity5 levels on the 16th day. The relative increases in FSH and PRL after @entity3 + @entity4 injection were smaller than those in the underfed period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The influence of XXXX on the reproductive function of the female @entity0 : changes in the estrous cycle and hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian function during feed restriction and subsequent refeeding period].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twelve-week-old female SD @entity0 were restricted to an 8 g/day feed intake for 2 months followed by feeding ad libitum for 3 weeks. Feed restriction resulted in @entity2 and constant diestrous. A persistent increase in the hypothalamic @entity3 content was observed during the underfed period. Serum LH and PRL levels dropped throughout the period but the initial reduction in the serum FSH level was observed on the 60th day. The reductions in the pituitary content of these hormones were observed on the 30th day. The decrease in the serum and ovarian E2 levels were detected on the 14th day. Anterior pituitary showed a significant response to @entity3 + @entity4 during the course, and the relative increases in LH, FSH and PRL were greater than those in the pretreatment @entity0 . In the course of refeeding, the body weight returned to the control level and regular estrous cycles were reestablished on the 15th and 21st day, respectively. @entity6 @entity3 content returned to the control level on the 16th day. The changes in the @entity1 were prompt rebound rises in serum FSH and PRL levels and pituitary FSH content, delayed restoration of serum and pituitary LH levels and serum and ovarian E2 levels, and a marked increase in the serum and ovarian @entity5 levels on the 16th day. The relative increases in FSH and PRL after @entity3 + @entity4 injection were smaller than those in the underfed period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The influence of @entity2 on the reproductive function of the female XXXX : changes in the estrous cycle and hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian function during feed restriction and subsequent refeeding period].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The Medical Research Council UKALL V trial for @entity0 with standard-risk @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (aged 1 to 14 years, leucocyte count less than 20 X 10(9)/L) was designed to determine whether the immunosuppressive effects of treatment could be reduced without sacrifice of antileukemic effect by alterations in the type of continuing therapy or in fractionation of cranial irradiation. Remission was achieved in 496 @entity0 on standard induction therapy, and 309 @entity0 received 24 Gy of cranial irradiation in ten to 16 fractions over 21 days, and 174 received 21 Gy in five to nine fractions over 21 days. The type of radiotherapy administered had no influence on relapse at any site or rate of @entity1 in remission. All 496 @entity0 were randomized to receive chemotherapy for 2 or 3 years with @entity6 and @entity4 either as a continuous (group C) or a semicontinuous (group G) regimen or as a five-day pulse every 3 weeks (group I). All groups also received @entity5 and @entity2 every 6 weeks. With a minimum follow-up of almost 7 years, @entity0 in group I had significantly fewer remission deaths (P = .025) but a much higher rate of bone marrow relapse than those in group C or G (P = .002). There was an overall benefit for 3 years of chemotherapy compared with 2 years, which in contrast to previous studies, was more apparent in @entity0 and in @entity0 in groups C and G. Testicular relapse occurred in 37 @entity0 , including 19 @entity0 off therapy, with a previously negative biopsy. The overall results confirmed the prognostic significance of initial leucocyte count, even among these standard-risk @entity0 , while @entity0 had a superior rate of disease-free survival, but not of hematologic remission. It is concluded that, even among standard-risk @entity0 , the prognosis is influenced by the height of the initial leukocyte count. While alterations in the fractionation of cranial irradiation do not appear to have influenced disease-free survival, intermittent continuing chemotherapy, although less immunosuppressive, is less effective than conventional continuous therapy in the treatment of @entity3 . In this study, 3 years of chemotherapy appeared superior to 2 years.

title: Medical Research Council leukaemia trial--UKALL V: an attempt to reduce the immunosuppressive effects of therapy in childhood XXXX . Report to the Council by the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A prospective study of displaced @entity7 was conducted with @entity0 randomized into three groups: cemented total hip replacement (THR), cemented hemiarthroplasty (UHR-C), and noncemented hemiarthroplasty (UHR-NC). Eighty-nine @entity0 were treated for displaced (Garden type 3 or 4) fracture with a prosthesis; 39 @entity0 had THR, 37 had UHR-C, and 13 had UHR-NC. No difference was found in the level of @entity3 , ambulation, or aids required between the THR group and the UHR-C group, except for active community ambulators, who demonstrated decreased endurance capability when treated with UHR-C. The @entity0 treated with UHR-NC had @entity3 and decreased ambulation and required assistive devices. The most significant complication was dislocation, which occurred in 7 @entity0 with THR and 2 with UHR-C. The mortality rate at 2 years was 18%; all but two of the deaths were in @entity0 with one of five different medical diseases: clinically significant @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity6 , or @entity5 . The mortality rate was insignificant in @entity0 younger than 70 years of age. Roentgenographic review showed only 2 of 76 cemented stems with progressive @entity2 , with one @entity0 requiring revision for a loose prosthesis. No evidence of protrusio was seen with the use of the bipolar cap. The uncemented hemiarthroplasties demonstrated lucency between the metal and bone in the proximal femur in 9 of 13 stems. The authors make recommendations regarding hip replacement.

title: Treatment of XXXX with total hip replacement versus cemented and noncemented hemiarthroplasty.

answer: @entity7


abstract: An ELISA has been developed for detection of auto-antibodies against calmodulin. There was a significantly increased frequency (63.1%) of autoantibodies against calmodulin in 103 @entity0 with chronic @entity3 as compared to that (30%) of @entity0 with @entity4 and to that (6.9%) of normal subjects (p less than 0.01). IgG autoantibodies against calmodulin were detected in the @entity0 with acute @entity1 (37.9%), @entity3 (45.6%) and also in the @entity0 with @entity4 (30%). IgM autoantibodies against calmodulin were frequently found in @entity0 with @entity5 (52.2%), @entity6 (50%) and @entity7 (38.7%), but rarely in @entity0 with acute @entity1 (13.8%), @entity7 (9.5%) and @entity4 (0%). IgA autoantibodies against calmodulin were frequently found in @entity5 (33.3%), @entity6 (42.9%) and @entity7 (53.6%), but rarely in @entity7 (15.8%), @entity7 (14.3%) and @entity4 (0%). The occurrences of autoantibodies against calmodulin correlated neither with those of antismooth muscle antibody, antinuclear antibody and antimitochondrial antibody, nor with serum IgG concentrations. Autoantibodies against calmodulin did not cross-react with troponin, myosin light chain, @entity2 thymus DNA and actin. The titer of autoantibodies against calmodulin was decreased by absorption of serum with calmodulin and the liver plasma membrane fraction. The immunoblotting experiment revealed the binding of autoantibodies against calmodulin to calmodulin. IgG fraction from a @entity0 with @entity7 inhibited the activation of phosphodiesterase by calmodulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anticalmodulin autoantibody in XXXX : a new antibody against a cytoskeleton-related protein.

answer: @entity3


abstract: X-ray examinations of the wrists, the elbows and the shoulders were carried out on 67 vibration-exposed foundry workers and on 46 comparable referents performing heavy manual work. Both groups had a mean age of 39.6 years. Musculoskeletal symptoms, such as @entity5 of the wrist and @entity4 , @entity3 and decreased muscular force, were found to be significantly increased in the chipping and grinding workers compared with the referents. After adjustment for age, the prevalence of cysts in the metacarpal and carpal bones was almost the same in the two groups, whereas radiological signs of @entity1 in the wrist joint were more frequent among the vibration-exposed workers (P less than 0.025). The overall prevalence of radiographic @entity4 was higher in the vibration group than in the reference group (P less than 0.025). Olecranon spurs were observed in 50.7% of the exposed operators and in 28.2% of the referents (P less than 0.025). No difference in the prevalence of radiological changes in the should could be demonstrated between the populations studied. In both groups injuries of bones and joints were not associated with age. Among the chipping and grinding operators, a slight but not significant trend in the prevalence of @entity2 with increasing vibration exposure was observed. The results of this study indicate that the foundry workers using vibrating tools were affected with @entity0 in the elbow and, to a lesser extent, in the wrist, which occurred more frequently than was observed in unexposed referents, who performed solely heavy manual activity. Among the vibration-exposed workers, no relationship between radiological changes in the upper limbs and symptoms of @entity6 was found, pointing out that different pathogenic mechanisms are involved.

title: XXXX in the upper extremities of chipping and grinding operators.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The anticancer drug @entity1 and its major metabolite @entity3 are quantified in @entity0 plasma down to subnanogram amounts by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma is alkali-buffered and extracted with @entity2 . The organic solvent is evaporated and the residue dissolved in the mobile phase. An aliquot is sampled automatically and chromatographed. The analytes are detected after postcolumn UV irradiation and rearrangement to substituted @entity4 by their intense fluorescence. Precise handling of exact volumes facilitates external calibration. Statistical data for precision and accuracy are given and illustrate reliable quantification. The method is applied to the samples of a clinical study, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of both analytes are presented. The novel design of the photochemical reactor is discussed, with respect to peak broadening and photochemical recovery. The measured peak broadening is smaller than theoretically predicted, owing to non-helical coiling.

title: Quantification of @entity1 and XXXX in @entity0 plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography, photochemical reaction and fluorescence detection, and its application to biopharmaceutic investigations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The anticancer drug @entity1 and its major metabolite @entity3 are quantified in @entity0 plasma down to subnanogram amounts by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma is alkali-buffered and extracted with @entity2 . The organic solvent is evaporated and the residue dissolved in the mobile phase. An aliquot is sampled automatically and chromatographed. The analytes are detected after postcolumn UV irradiation and rearrangement to substituted @entity4 by their intense fluorescence. Precise handling of exact volumes facilitates external calibration. Statistical data for precision and accuracy are given and illustrate reliable quantification. The method is applied to the samples of a clinical study, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of both analytes are presented. The novel design of the photochemical reactor is discussed, with respect to peak broadening and photochemical recovery. The measured peak broadening is smaller than theoretically predicted, owing to non-helical coiling.

title: Quantification of XXXX and @entity3 in @entity0 plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography, photochemical reaction and fluorescence detection, and its application to biopharmaceutic investigations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The anticancer drug @entity1 and its major metabolite @entity3 are quantified in @entity0 plasma down to subnanogram amounts by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma is alkali-buffered and extracted with @entity2 . The organic solvent is evaporated and the residue dissolved in the mobile phase. An aliquot is sampled automatically and chromatographed. The analytes are detected after postcolumn UV irradiation and rearrangement to substituted @entity4 by their intense fluorescence. Precise handling of exact volumes facilitates external calibration. Statistical data for precision and accuracy are given and illustrate reliable quantification. The method is applied to the samples of a clinical study, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of both analytes are presented. The novel design of the photochemical reactor is discussed, with respect to peak broadening and photochemical recovery. The measured peak broadening is smaller than theoretically predicted, owing to non-helical coiling.

title: Quantification of @entity1 and @entity3 in XXXX plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography, photochemical reaction and fluorescence detection, and its application to biopharmaceutic investigations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Experiments were performed on @entity0 using neurophysiological and behavioral techniques, in an attempt to study the role played by the somatosensory cortex in the abnormal spinal neuron activity and @entity1 observed after @entity3 . The onsets of both phenomena occur at the same postoperative period. Cortical controls exerted on spinal @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cells were studied using a transient and reversible cortical blockade, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), applied contralateral to the spinal cord recording. In 28 intact animals, 55 cells were studied during the propagation of at least two CSDs. Only 4 of these cells presented a sustained decrease in their spontaneous activity during @entity2 , which may correspond to transient arrest of a descending tonic cortical facilitation. In 29 animals with dorsal root sections, 161 @entity4 cells displayed abnormal burst activity, and 52 were examined with the @entity2 test. Thirty-five cells presented a long-duration change in their spontaneous activity during @entity2 ; of these, 28 showed decreased activity (suppression of descending tonic facilitation) and 7 presented increased activity (suppression of descending tonic inhibition). More @entity4 cells were influenced by the cortex in deafferented @entity0 (67%) than in intact @entity0 (7%). The cortical influence was also stronger, as the hyperactive cells were frequently rendered silent during @entity2 . These observations suggest that the abnormal activity is partly due to a descending cortical influence. Results of a behavioral study performed on 22 @entity0 (one control group and two experimental groups with cortical ablations) showed that the self-mutilating behavior, which develops at the same time as the abnormal @entity4 cell activity, was reduced by unilateral cortical ablation, independent of the cortical region removed. The possible pathways involved in this cortical influence are examined in the discussion.

title: Cortical involvement in XXXX cell hyperactivity and @entity1 in @entity0 with dorsal root section.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Experiments were performed on @entity0 using neurophysiological and behavioral techniques, in an attempt to study the role played by the somatosensory cortex in the abnormal spinal neuron activity and @entity1 observed after @entity3 . The onsets of both phenomena occur at the same postoperative period. Cortical controls exerted on spinal @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cells were studied using a transient and reversible cortical blockade, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), applied contralateral to the spinal cord recording. In 28 intact animals, 55 cells were studied during the propagation of at least two CSDs. Only 4 of these cells presented a sustained decrease in their spontaneous activity during @entity2 , which may correspond to transient arrest of a descending tonic cortical facilitation. In 29 animals with dorsal root sections, 161 @entity4 cells displayed abnormal burst activity, and 52 were examined with the @entity2 test. Thirty-five cells presented a long-duration change in their spontaneous activity during @entity2 ; of these, 28 showed decreased activity (suppression of descending tonic facilitation) and 7 presented increased activity (suppression of descending tonic inhibition). More @entity4 cells were influenced by the cortex in deafferented @entity0 (67%) than in intact @entity0 (7%). The cortical influence was also stronger, as the hyperactive cells were frequently rendered silent during @entity2 . These observations suggest that the abnormal activity is partly due to a descending cortical influence. Results of a behavioral study performed on 22 @entity0 (one control group and two experimental groups with cortical ablations) showed that the self-mutilating behavior, which develops at the same time as the abnormal @entity4 cell activity, was reduced by unilateral cortical ablation, independent of the cortical region removed. The possible pathways involved in this cortical influence are examined in the discussion.

title: Cortical involvement in @entity4 cell hyperactivity and XXXX in @entity0 with dorsal root section.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Experiments were performed on @entity0 using neurophysiological and behavioral techniques, in an attempt to study the role played by the somatosensory cortex in the abnormal spinal neuron activity and @entity1 observed after @entity3 . The onsets of both phenomena occur at the same postoperative period. Cortical controls exerted on spinal @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cells were studied using a transient and reversible cortical blockade, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), applied contralateral to the spinal cord recording. In 28 intact animals, 55 cells were studied during the propagation of at least two CSDs. Only 4 of these cells presented a sustained decrease in their spontaneous activity during @entity2 , which may correspond to transient arrest of a descending tonic cortical facilitation. In 29 animals with dorsal root sections, 161 @entity4 cells displayed abnormal burst activity, and 52 were examined with the @entity2 test. Thirty-five cells presented a long-duration change in their spontaneous activity during @entity2 ; of these, 28 showed decreased activity (suppression of descending tonic facilitation) and 7 presented increased activity (suppression of descending tonic inhibition). More @entity4 cells were influenced by the cortex in deafferented @entity0 (67%) than in intact @entity0 (7%). The cortical influence was also stronger, as the hyperactive cells were frequently rendered silent during @entity2 . These observations suggest that the abnormal activity is partly due to a descending cortical influence. Results of a behavioral study performed on 22 @entity0 (one control group and two experimental groups with cortical ablations) showed that the self-mutilating behavior, which develops at the same time as the abnormal @entity4 cell activity, was reduced by unilateral cortical ablation, independent of the cortical region removed. The possible pathways involved in this cortical influence are examined in the discussion.

title: Cortical involvement in @entity4 cell hyperactivity and @entity1 in XXXX with dorsal root section.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity11 pyrrole ( @entity13 ), a metabolite of the plant toxin @entity11 , produces @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) in @entity0 by an unknown mechanism. A role for platelets has been suggested by the observation that antibody-induced @entity4 reduces the @entity10 caused by @entity13 . The platelet can release a number of vasoconstrictive agents, such as @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity7 (TxA2), that could possibly contribute to @entity1 . It was of interest to determine whether treatment with @entity13 alters platelet @entity3 content or alters the release of TxA2 in platelet-rich plasma ( @entity12 ) in response to aggregation. Fourteen days following treatment with @entity13 when @entity1 is well-established and @entity10 is present, the concentration of @entity3 in washed platelets or in platelet-poor plasma was not different in treated and control @entity0 . One day following treatment with @entity13 , before @entity2 is evident, the concentration of @entity9 , a stable metabolite of @entity8 , was higher in unstimulated @entity12 from treated @entity0 than in control @entity0 . The concentration of @entity9 was also examined in @entity12 at 4 days (when @entity2 first appears), 7 days (when pulmonary arterial pressure first increases), and 14 days after treatment with @entity13 (when @entity10 is evident). At 4, 7, or 14 days following treatment there was no difference in the concentration of @entity9 in unstimulated @entity12 from @entity13 -treated and control @entity0 . Following stimulation with @entity6 , the release of @entity9 at maximal aggregation was not different in @entity12 from @entity13 -treated and control @entity0 at any time after treatment. The rate of release of @entity9 was lower in @entity12 from @entity0 treated with @entity13 7 days earlier, but was not different at any other time following treatment. At concentrations up to 250 micrograms/ml, @entity13 added in vitro to @entity12 from untreated @entity0 did not affect the concentration of @entity9 released during aggregation induced by @entity6 . Only at very high concentrations (1 mg/ml) did @entity13 abolish the aggregation response and depress @entity9 release in @entity12 . These results indicate that @entity13 treatment does not affect platelet @entity3 content and does not affect basal @entity9 production or @entity9 release by platelets stimulated in vitro.

title: XXXX and thromboxane in platelets from @entity0 treated with monocrotaline pyrrole.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity11 pyrrole ( @entity13 ), a metabolite of the plant toxin @entity11 , produces @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) in @entity0 by an unknown mechanism. A role for platelets has been suggested by the observation that antibody-induced @entity4 reduces the @entity10 caused by @entity13 . The platelet can release a number of vasoconstrictive agents, such as @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity7 (TxA2), that could possibly contribute to @entity1 . It was of interest to determine whether treatment with @entity13 alters platelet @entity3 content or alters the release of TxA2 in platelet-rich plasma ( @entity12 ) in response to aggregation. Fourteen days following treatment with @entity13 when @entity1 is well-established and @entity10 is present, the concentration of @entity3 in washed platelets or in platelet-poor plasma was not different in treated and control @entity0 . One day following treatment with @entity13 , before @entity2 is evident, the concentration of @entity9 , a stable metabolite of @entity8 , was higher in unstimulated @entity12 from treated @entity0 than in control @entity0 . The concentration of @entity9 was also examined in @entity12 at 4 days (when @entity2 first appears), 7 days (when pulmonary arterial pressure first increases), and 14 days after treatment with @entity13 (when @entity10 is evident). At 4, 7, or 14 days following treatment there was no difference in the concentration of @entity9 in unstimulated @entity12 from @entity13 -treated and control @entity0 . Following stimulation with @entity6 , the release of @entity9 at maximal aggregation was not different in @entity12 from @entity13 -treated and control @entity0 at any time after treatment. The rate of release of @entity9 was lower in @entity12 from @entity0 treated with @entity13 7 days earlier, but was not different at any other time following treatment. At concentrations up to 250 micrograms/ml, @entity13 added in vitro to @entity12 from untreated @entity0 did not affect the concentration of @entity9 released during aggregation induced by @entity6 . Only at very high concentrations (1 mg/ml) did @entity13 abolish the aggregation response and depress @entity9 release in @entity12 . These results indicate that @entity13 treatment does not affect platelet @entity3 content and does not affect basal @entity9 production or @entity9 release by platelets stimulated in vitro.

title: @entity3 and thromboxane in platelets from XXXX treated with monocrotaline pyrrole.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) has been reported to be interwined in multiple systems, specifically in the cardiovascular system. However, the mechanisms underlying remain controversial. In the present study, we assessed the cardio-protective effects of @entity6 in the @entity0 @entity1 model. @entity1 was induced in adult male @entity0 by drawing blood from the femoral artery to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 35-40 mmHg for 1.5 h. The @entity0 were assigned to four groups and the @entity6 donor, @entity8 (28  mol/kg, i.p.), was injected before the resuscitation in certain groups. After resuscitation the animals were observed and then killed to harvest the hearts. The morphological investigation and ultrastructural analyses were done and apoptotic cells were detected. The levels of relevant proteins were examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. Resuscitated @entity1 induced @entity4 and significantly increased the levels of serum myocardial enzymes, @entity3 kinase (CK) and @entity2 dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Furthermore, it caused marked increase of apoptotic cells in heart tissue. Moreover, the expression of death receptor Fas and Fas-ligand, as well as the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins active- @entity7 and active- @entity9 were markedly increased. Administration of @entity8 significantly ameliorated @entity1 caused hemodynamic deterioration, decreased myocardial enzymes elevation, protected myocardial ultrastructure, and inhibited the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins. It suggested that @entity6 might exert its cardio-protective roles via both the extrinsic Fas/ @entity10 / @entity9 / @entity7 pathway and the intrinsic mitochondria-involved pathways.

title: An exogenous hydrogen sulphide donor, XXXX , inhibits the apoptosis signaling pathway to exert cardio-protective effects in a @entity0 @entity1 model.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) has been reported to be interwined in multiple systems, specifically in the cardiovascular system. However, the mechanisms underlying remain controversial. In the present study, we assessed the cardio-protective effects of @entity6 in the @entity0 @entity1 model. @entity1 was induced in adult male @entity0 by drawing blood from the femoral artery to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 35-40 mmHg for 1.5 h. The @entity0 were assigned to four groups and the @entity6 donor, @entity8 (28  mol/kg, i.p.), was injected before the resuscitation in certain groups. After resuscitation the animals were observed and then killed to harvest the hearts. The morphological investigation and ultrastructural analyses were done and apoptotic cells were detected. The levels of relevant proteins were examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. Resuscitated @entity1 induced @entity4 and significantly increased the levels of serum myocardial enzymes, @entity3 kinase (CK) and @entity2 dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Furthermore, it caused marked increase of apoptotic cells in heart tissue. Moreover, the expression of death receptor Fas and Fas-ligand, as well as the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins active- @entity7 and active- @entity9 were markedly increased. Administration of @entity8 significantly ameliorated @entity1 caused hemodynamic deterioration, decreased myocardial enzymes elevation, protected myocardial ultrastructure, and inhibited the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins. It suggested that @entity6 might exert its cardio-protective roles via both the extrinsic Fas/ @entity10 / @entity9 / @entity7 pathway and the intrinsic mitochondria-involved pathways.

title: An exogenous hydrogen sulphide donor, @entity8 , inhibits the apoptosis signaling pathway to exert cardio-protective effects in a @entity0 XXXX model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) has been reported to be interwined in multiple systems, specifically in the cardiovascular system. However, the mechanisms underlying remain controversial. In the present study, we assessed the cardio-protective effects of @entity6 in the @entity0 @entity1 model. @entity1 was induced in adult male @entity0 by drawing blood from the femoral artery to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 35-40 mmHg for 1.5 h. The @entity0 were assigned to four groups and the @entity6 donor, @entity8 (28  mol/kg, i.p.), was injected before the resuscitation in certain groups. After resuscitation the animals were observed and then killed to harvest the hearts. The morphological investigation and ultrastructural analyses were done and apoptotic cells were detected. The levels of relevant proteins were examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. Resuscitated @entity1 induced @entity4 and significantly increased the levels of serum myocardial enzymes, @entity3 kinase (CK) and @entity2 dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Furthermore, it caused marked increase of apoptotic cells in heart tissue. Moreover, the expression of death receptor Fas and Fas-ligand, as well as the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins active- @entity7 and active- @entity9 were markedly increased. Administration of @entity8 significantly ameliorated @entity1 caused hemodynamic deterioration, decreased myocardial enzymes elevation, protected myocardial ultrastructure, and inhibited the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins. It suggested that @entity6 might exert its cardio-protective roles via both the extrinsic Fas/ @entity10 / @entity9 / @entity7 pathway and the intrinsic mitochondria-involved pathways.

title: An exogenous hydrogen sulphide donor, @entity8 , inhibits the apoptosis signaling pathway to exert cardio-protective effects in a XXXX @entity1 model.

answer: @entity0