abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 presents a significant economic burden for China because it causes reproductive failure in host species and chronic health problems in @entity0 . These problems can involve multiple organs. @entity1 is highly endemic in Shanxi Province China. Molecular typing would be very useful to epidemiological surveillance. The purpose of this study was to assess the diversity of @entity2 strains for epidemiological surveillance. Historical monitoring data suggest that @entity2 3 is the predominant strain associated with the epidemic of @entity1 in Shanxi Province. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Multiple-locus variable-number repeat analysis (MLVA-16) and hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprinting (HOOF-print) were used to type a @entity0 -hosted @entity2 population (81 strains). Sixty-two MLVA genotypes (discriminatory index: 0.99) were detected, and they had a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 84.9% to 100%. Eighty strains of the population belonged to the eastern Mediterranean group with panel 1 genotypes 42 (79 strains) and 43 (1 strain). A new panel 1 genotype was found in this study. It was named 114 MLVAorsay genotype and it showed similarity to the two isolates from Guangdong in a previous study. @entity2 is distributed throughout Shanxi Province, and like samples from Inner Mongolia, the eastern Mediterranean genotype 42 was the main @entity3 (97%). The HOOF-printing showed a higher diversity than MLVA-16 with a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 56.8% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: According to the MLVA-16 and HOOF-printing results, both methods could be used for the epidemiological surveillance of @entity1 . A new genotype was found in both Shanxi and Guangdong Provinces. In areas with @entity1 , the MLVA-16 scheme is very important for tracing cases back to their origins during outbreak investigations. It may facilitate the expansion and eradication of the disease.

title: Genotyping of @entity0 XXXX 3 Isolated from Shanxi Province in China by MLVA16 and HOOF.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 presents a significant economic burden for China because it causes reproductive failure in host species and chronic health problems in @entity0 . These problems can involve multiple organs. @entity1 is highly endemic in Shanxi Province China. Molecular typing would be very useful to epidemiological surveillance. The purpose of this study was to assess the diversity of @entity2 strains for epidemiological surveillance. Historical monitoring data suggest that @entity2 3 is the predominant strain associated with the epidemic of @entity1 in Shanxi Province. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Multiple-locus variable-number repeat analysis (MLVA-16) and hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprinting (HOOF-print) were used to type a @entity0 -hosted @entity2 population (81 strains). Sixty-two MLVA genotypes (discriminatory index: 0.99) were detected, and they had a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 84.9% to 100%. Eighty strains of the population belonged to the eastern Mediterranean group with panel 1 genotypes 42 (79 strains) and 43 (1 strain). A new panel 1 genotype was found in this study. It was named 114 MLVAorsay genotype and it showed similarity to the two isolates from Guangdong in a previous study. @entity2 is distributed throughout Shanxi Province, and like samples from Inner Mongolia, the eastern Mediterranean genotype 42 was the main @entity3 (97%). The HOOF-printing showed a higher diversity than MLVA-16 with a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 56.8% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: According to the MLVA-16 and HOOF-printing results, both methods could be used for the epidemiological surveillance of @entity1 . A new genotype was found in both Shanxi and Guangdong Provinces. In areas with @entity1 , the MLVA-16 scheme is very important for tracing cases back to their origins during outbreak investigations. It may facilitate the expansion and eradication of the disease.

title: Genotyping of XXXX @entity2 3 Isolated from Shanxi Province in China by MLVA16 and HOOF.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a severe @entity1 disease due to a defect of GPIb/IX/V, a platelet complex that binds the @entity4 factor. Due to the rarity of the disease, there are reports only on a few cases compromising any attempt to establish correlations between genotype and phenotype. In order to identify any associations, we describe the largest case series ever reported, which was evaluated systematically at the same center. DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with the disease and seven obligate carriers were enrolled. We collected clinical aspects and determined platelet features, including number and size, expression of membrane glycoproteins, and @entity6 induced @entity3 . Mutations were identified by direct sequencing of the @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity7 genes and their effect was shown by molecular modeling analyses. RESULTS: @entity0 all had a moderate @entity2 with giant platelets and a @entity1 tendency whose severity varied among individuals. Consistent with expression levels of @entity8 always lower than 10% of control values, @entity3 was absent or severely reduced. Homozygous mutations were identified in the @entity8 , @entity9 and @entity7 genes; six were novel alterations expected to destabilize the conformation of the respective protein. Except for obligate carriers of a @entity7 mutation with a reduced GPIb/IX/V expression and @entity3 , all the other carriers had no obvious anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of mutations identified, the @entity0 ' @entity1 diathesis did not correlate with @entity2 , which was always moderate, and platelet @entity8 expression, which was always severely impaired. Obligate carriers had features similar to controls though their GPIb/IX/V expression showed discrepancies. Aware of the limitations of our cohort, we cannot define any correlations. However, further investigations should be encouraged to better understand the causes of this rare and underestimated disease.

title: Clinical and genetic aspects of XXXX : searching for genotype/phenotype correlations.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Between January 1973 and December 1979, 290 @entity0 with @entity5 were evaluated with coronary angiography after the acute stage of illness. Of these @entity0 , 43 (15 percent) were diagnosed as having @entity6 . Forty-two @entity0 have been followed up for an average of 4 years (range 15 months to 8 years). One 8 month old @entity0 died of @entity7 after 4 months of illness. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 42 @entity0 5 to 18 months after the acute illness. Four groups can be distinguished. Group I: In 21 (50 percent) of 42 @entity0 angiography showed that the @entity6 had regressed, so that no observable lesions were seen. During @entity10 , electrocardiography, exercise stress testing and thallium scintigraphy were within normal limits. In the other 21 @entity0 abnormal findings persisted on follow-up angiography. Group II: Ten @entity0 showed persistent @entity6 , although reduced in size. Group III: In seven @entity0 the @entity3 had disappeared, but complete obstruction or marked @entity9 of coronary arteries was found. Group IV: In four @entity0 , irregularities of the coronary arterial wall without @entity9 were seen. Among @entity0 with abnormal angiographic findings @entity7 and @entity2 were also seen. Early initiation of @entity1 therapy @entity3 show regression on angiography in 1 or 2 years in about half of @entity0 . The remaining @entity0 are at risk for @entity8 . Thus, @entity5 should be considered an important cause of @entity8 in @entity0 and a possible risk factor of premature @entity4 .

title: Fate of @entity6 in XXXX : serial coronary angiography and long-term follow-up study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Between January 1973 and December 1979, 290 @entity0 with @entity5 were evaluated with coronary angiography after the acute stage of illness. Of these @entity0 , 43 (15 percent) were diagnosed as having @entity6 . Forty-two @entity0 have been followed up for an average of 4 years (range 15 months to 8 years). One 8 month old @entity0 died of @entity7 after 4 months of illness. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 42 @entity0 5 to 18 months after the acute illness. Four groups can be distinguished. Group I: In 21 (50 percent) of 42 @entity0 angiography showed that the @entity6 had regressed, so that no observable lesions were seen. During @entity10 , electrocardiography, exercise stress testing and thallium scintigraphy were within normal limits. In the other 21 @entity0 abnormal findings persisted on follow-up angiography. Group II: Ten @entity0 showed persistent @entity6 , although reduced in size. Group III: In seven @entity0 the @entity3 had disappeared, but complete obstruction or marked @entity9 of coronary arteries was found. Group IV: In four @entity0 , irregularities of the coronary arterial wall without @entity9 were seen. Among @entity0 with abnormal angiographic findings @entity7 and @entity2 were also seen. Early initiation of @entity1 therapy @entity3 show regression on angiography in 1 or 2 years in about half of @entity0 . The remaining @entity0 are at risk for @entity8 . Thus, @entity5 should be considered an important cause of @entity8 in @entity0 and a possible risk factor of premature @entity4 .

title: Fate of XXXX in @entity5 : serial coronary angiography and long-term follow-up study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A clinicopathological study of six cases of @entity4 and review of the literature was undertaken. These @entity0 arise from transitional epithelium of the pectinate line. The @entity0 are often deceptive in the beginning and may often resemble small abscesses, fissures, or @entity1 . Often they appear outside the mucosa and skin. Histologically, they are well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Local excision is adequate for small noninfiltrating @entity0 . Pelvic radiation, combined with surgery for lesions greater than 2 cm with local extension and/or pelvic nodes, controls the pelvic disease. Well and moderately differentiated @entity0 have a better prognosis than @entity2 . Overall survival rate is approximately 50%. Cure rate depends on the size of the lesion, differentiation of @entity0 , depth of invasion, duration of the symptoms, nodal involvement, @entity3 , and contiguous organ invasion. @entity4 is a better term than other names used in the literature for this @entity0 .

title: XXXX : a study of six cases and review of literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity0 genome project and subsequent gene annotation projects have shown that the @entity0 genome contains 22,000-25,000 functional genes. Therefore, it is believed that the diversity of protein repertoire is achieved by the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mechanism. Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile in nature and can therefore alter their position in the genome. The insertion of TEs into a new gene region can result in @entity2 of a particular transcript through various mechanisms, including intron retention, and alternative donor or acceptor splice sites. TE-derived @entity2 is thought to have played a part in primate evolution and in hominid radiation. However, TE-derived @entity2 or genetic instability may sometimes result in @entity1 . For the past two decades, numerous studies have been performed on TEs and their role in genomes. Accumulating evidence shows that the term 'junk DNA', previously used for TEs is a misnomer. Recent research has indicated that TEs may have clinical potential. However, to explore the feasibility of using TEs in clinical practice, additional studies are required. This review summarizes the available literature on TE-derived @entity2 , alternative promoter, and alternative polyadenylation. The review covers the effects of TEs on coding genes and their clinical implications, and provides our perspectives and directions for future research.

title: Transposable element-driven transcript diversification and its relevance to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although immune reactions to collagen have been described in several diseases, the pathophysiologic consequences of collagen autoimmunity remain obscure. We have recently described an animal model of @entity5 which can be induced in susceptible @entity2 or @entity1 by immunization with native type II collagen. @entity5 develops in animals which have high levels of both cellular and humoral immunity to collagen. In @entity2 , @entity5 can be passively transferred with purified IgG antinative type II collagen antibodies. There is circumstantial evidence that antibodies are also important for the @entity5 in susceptible @entity1 . Circulating immune complexes do not appear to be involved and we believe the @entity5 is caused by binding of antibodies to autologous collagen. There are a number of similarities between collagen-induced @entity5 and @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Many histopathologic changes are similar including @entity4 which progresses to @entity6 formation, development of @entity7 and eventual cartilage destruction. Both diseases are associated with collagen autoimmunity which appears to be genetically linked to the major histocompatibility locus. However, there are also significant differences. In particular, the antibody reactivity usually found in @entity3 is primarily directed against covalent structural determinants on collagen and not against the conformation-dependent determinants on type II collagen critical to the development of collagen-induced @entity5 . Immunity to collagen has also been described in other animal models of disease and in other @entity0 diseases but its relevance to their pathophysiology is unknown. By further characterizing the specific reactions involved including the nature of the immune response, its specificity and the genetic factors important in the host; insight may be gained into the role of collagen autoimmunity in @entity0 disease. While significant progress has been made in all of these areas during the last several years, much remains to be learned before the relevance of collagen autoimmunity to any @entity0 disease is established.

title: The role of collagen autoimmunity in animal models and XXXX diseases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 penetrates well into oromaxillary tissue and covers the causative pathogens that show an increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Clinical reports suggest that @entity4 may be effective for the treatment of odontogenic infections that can lead to serious complications. The objective of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was to compare the efficacies and safeties of @entity4 and @entity3 for the medical treatment of @entity0 with gingival inflammatory infiltrates and as an adjuvant therapy for @entity0 with odontogenic @entity2 requiring surgical treatment. @entity0 received either 400 mg @entity4 per os once daily or 300 mg @entity3 per os four times daily for 5 days consecutively. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percent reduction in @entity0 ' perceived @entity1 on a visual analogue scale at days 2 to 3 from baseline. Primary analysis included 21 @entity4 - and 19 @entity3 -treated @entity0 with infiltrates and 15 @entity4 - and 16 @entity3 -treated @entity0 with @entity2 . The @entity1 reductions were 61.0% (standard deviation [SD], 46.9%) with @entity4 versus 23.4% (SD, 32.1%) with @entity3 (P = 0.006) for @entity0 with infiltrates and 55.8% (SD, 24.8%) with @entity4 versus 42.7% (SD, 48.5%) with @entity3 (P = 0.358) for @entity0 with @entity2 . A global efficacy assessment at days 2 to 3 and 5 to 7 showed faster clinical responses with @entity4 in both @entity2 and infiltrate @entity0 . Rates of adverse events were lower in @entity4 - than in @entity3 -treated @entity0 . In @entity0 with inflammatory infiltrates, @entity4 was significantly more effective in reducing @entity1 at days 2 to 3 of therapy than @entity3 . No significant differences between groups were found for @entity0 with odontogenic @entity2 .

title: Comparative efficacy and safety of @entity4 and @entity3 in the treatment of odontogenic XXXX and inflammatory infiltrates: a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 penetrates well into oromaxillary tissue and covers the causative pathogens that show an increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Clinical reports suggest that @entity4 may be effective for the treatment of odontogenic infections that can lead to serious complications. The objective of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was to compare the efficacies and safeties of @entity4 and @entity3 for the medical treatment of @entity0 with gingival inflammatory infiltrates and as an adjuvant therapy for @entity0 with odontogenic @entity2 requiring surgical treatment. @entity0 received either 400 mg @entity4 per os once daily or 300 mg @entity3 per os four times daily for 5 days consecutively. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percent reduction in @entity0 ' perceived @entity1 on a visual analogue scale at days 2 to 3 from baseline. Primary analysis included 21 @entity4 - and 19 @entity3 -treated @entity0 with infiltrates and 15 @entity4 - and 16 @entity3 -treated @entity0 with @entity2 . The @entity1 reductions were 61.0% (standard deviation [SD], 46.9%) with @entity4 versus 23.4% (SD, 32.1%) with @entity3 (P = 0.006) for @entity0 with infiltrates and 55.8% (SD, 24.8%) with @entity4 versus 42.7% (SD, 48.5%) with @entity3 (P = 0.358) for @entity0 with @entity2 . A global efficacy assessment at days 2 to 3 and 5 to 7 showed faster clinical responses with @entity4 in both @entity2 and infiltrate @entity0 . Rates of adverse events were lower in @entity4 - than in @entity3 -treated @entity0 . In @entity0 with inflammatory infiltrates, @entity4 was significantly more effective in reducing @entity1 at days 2 to 3 of therapy than @entity3 . No significant differences between groups were found for @entity0 with odontogenic @entity2 .

title: Comparative efficacy and safety of @entity4 and XXXX in the treatment of odontogenic @entity2 and inflammatory infiltrates: a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 penetrates well into oromaxillary tissue and covers the causative pathogens that show an increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Clinical reports suggest that @entity4 may be effective for the treatment of odontogenic infections that can lead to serious complications. The objective of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was to compare the efficacies and safeties of @entity4 and @entity3 for the medical treatment of @entity0 with gingival inflammatory infiltrates and as an adjuvant therapy for @entity0 with odontogenic @entity2 requiring surgical treatment. @entity0 received either 400 mg @entity4 per os once daily or 300 mg @entity3 per os four times daily for 5 days consecutively. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percent reduction in @entity0 ' perceived @entity1 on a visual analogue scale at days 2 to 3 from baseline. Primary analysis included 21 @entity4 - and 19 @entity3 -treated @entity0 with infiltrates and 15 @entity4 - and 16 @entity3 -treated @entity0 with @entity2 . The @entity1 reductions were 61.0% (standard deviation [SD], 46.9%) with @entity4 versus 23.4% (SD, 32.1%) with @entity3 (P = 0.006) for @entity0 with infiltrates and 55.8% (SD, 24.8%) with @entity4 versus 42.7% (SD, 48.5%) with @entity3 (P = 0.358) for @entity0 with @entity2 . A global efficacy assessment at days 2 to 3 and 5 to 7 showed faster clinical responses with @entity4 in both @entity2 and infiltrate @entity0 . Rates of adverse events were lower in @entity4 - than in @entity3 -treated @entity0 . In @entity0 with inflammatory infiltrates, @entity4 was significantly more effective in reducing @entity1 at days 2 to 3 of therapy than @entity3 . No significant differences between groups were found for @entity0 with odontogenic @entity2 .

title: Comparative efficacy and safety of XXXX and @entity3 in the treatment of odontogenic @entity2 and inflammatory infiltrates: a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy, safety, and sustainability of response to adalimumab therapy for moderate to severe @entity1 involving hands and/or feet. DESIGN: Sixteen-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of adalimumab therapy for moderate to severe @entity1 involving the hands and/or feet with a 12-week open-label extension (Randomized Controlled Evaluation of Adalimumab in Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis of the Hands and Feet [REACH]). SETTING: Multicenter outpatient study in the United States and Canada. @entity0 : @entity0 with @entity1 on the hands and/or feet with a Physician's Global Assessment of hands and/or feet (hfPGA) score of "moderate" or above. INTERVENTION: @entity0 were randomized 2:1 to adalimumab (80 mg at week 0, then 40 mg every other week starting at week 1) or to matching placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Percentage of @entity0 achieving an hfPGA score of "clear" or "almost clear" at week 16. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity0 (adalimumab [n = 49];placebo [n = 23]) were evaluated. Baseline percentages of @entity0 with moderate and severe hfPGA scores were 76% and 24%, respectively, for the adalimumab group and 74% and 26%, respectively, for the placebo group. At week 16, 31% and 4% of @entity0 randomized to adalimumab and placebo, respectively, achieved an hfPGA score of clear or almost clear (P = .01). At week 28, 80% of the hfPGA clear or almost clear response was maintained from week 16 (25% for @entity0 randomized to adalimumab). Adverse events in both groups were generally mild to moderate. In both periods combined, @entity2 (27% and 13% for adalimumab- and placebo-treated @entity0 , respectively) was most frequently reported. CONCLUSION: Adalimumab is efficacious and well tolerated for treatment of @entity1 of hands and/or feet, with efficacy largely maintained to 28 weeks. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00735787.

title: Adalimumab for treatment of moderate to severe XXXX of the hands and feet: efficacy and safety results from REACH, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 of breast are rare @entity2 . We report for the first time a case of an @entity0 . A 53-year-old @entity1 had an annual screening mammogram, which identified areas of asymmetry in her left breast at 4-5-o'clock position. Resection of the masses revealed a well-circumscribed, gray-white, firm discrete nodule (0.8 * 0.4 * 0.3 cm). The @entity2 was composed of both @entity4 and focal @entity3 . The 2 cell populations had some overlapping histologic features. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a biphasic proliferation with approximately equal parts of luminal epithelial cells with clear and rounded appearance and myoepithelial cells. The myoepithelial component of the proliferation expressed @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity6 , S-100, and dimly expressed @entity8 . The epithelial component of the proliferation strongly expressed @entity8 . In the areas of @entity3 , there was distinct loss @entity8 expression. Awareness of this association is highly important to provide these @entity1 adequate follow-up and treatment.

title: XXXX with associated @entity3 : a previously unrecognized association with management implications.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 of breast are rare @entity2 . We report for the first time a case of an @entity0 . A 53-year-old @entity1 had an annual screening mammogram, which identified areas of asymmetry in her left breast at 4-5-o'clock position. Resection of the masses revealed a well-circumscribed, gray-white, firm discrete nodule (0.8 * 0.4 * 0.3 cm). The @entity2 was composed of both @entity4 and focal @entity3 . The 2 cell populations had some overlapping histologic features. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a biphasic proliferation with approximately equal parts of luminal epithelial cells with clear and rounded appearance and myoepithelial cells. The myoepithelial component of the proliferation expressed @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity6 , S-100, and dimly expressed @entity8 . The epithelial component of the proliferation strongly expressed @entity8 . In the areas of @entity3 , there was distinct loss @entity8 expression. Awareness of this association is highly important to provide these @entity1 adequate follow-up and treatment.

title: @entity0 with associated XXXX : a previously unrecognized association with management implications.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate nerve roots by measuring fractional anisotropy (FA) values in healthy volunteers and @entity3 @entity0 , visualize nerve roots by tractography, and compare the diagnostic efficacy between conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five @entity3 @entity0 and thirty-six healthy volunteers underwent MR imaging using DTI. FA values for L5-S1 lumbar nerve roots were calculated at three levels from DTI images. Tractography was performed on L3-S1 nerve roots. ROC analysis was performed for FA values. RESULTS: The lumbar nerve roots were visualized and FA values were calculated in all subjects. FA values decreased in @entity1 and declined from proximal to distal along the compressed nerve tracts. Mean FA values were more sensitive and specific than MR imaging for differentiating @entity1 , especially in the far lateral zone at distal nerves. CONCLUSIONS: DTI can quantitatively evaluate @entity1 , and DTT enables visualization of abnormal nerve tracts, providing vivid anatomic information and localization of probable nerve compression. DTI has great potential utility for evaluating @entity2 in @entity3 .

title: Diffusion tensor imaging with quantitative evaluation and fiber tractography of lumbar nerve roots in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We reviewed our experience over the past 12 years to determine the best method of management, to determine the morbidity and the physiologic outcome of medical vs surgical treatment of pneumothorax complicating @entity6 , and to assess the influence of age, sex, and Shwachman scores on survival. Sixty-five @entity0 , ages ranging from 5 to 32 years (mean 18 years). Shwachman scores ranging from 25 to 87 (mean 57), and a male-female ratio of 1:1, experienced 170 pneumothoraces, 93 first episodes, and 77 recurrences, requiring 211 trials of management. All methods of management except needle aspiration resulted in a fair rate of resolution (70 to 100%), but recurrence rates were high for observation (60%), needle aspiration (79%), trocar thoracotomy (63%), @entity4 @entity5 (86%), and @entity8 @entity5 (43%). The recurrence rates were 12.5% for @entity7 @entity5 and 0% for parietal pleurectomy. @entity7 @entity5 and parietal pleurectomy were the most effective methods of management. There was no significant difference in pulmonary function before pneumothorax and after @entity3 or parietal pleurectomy. Age, sex, and severity of @entity2 were all independent variables influencing prognosis. Severity of disease, rather than the occurrence of a pneumothorax, appears to be the major cause of @entity1 . We recommend that @entity7 @entity5 should be considered for management of the first pneumothorax, and parietal pleurectomy if it fails.

title: Pneumothorax in XXXX : management and outcome.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a diagnostic setup with classification rules for combined analysis of morphology [ @entity3 ( @entity3 )] and function [frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry] measurements. METHODS: We used 2 independent case-control studies from the Erlangen eye department as learning and test data for automated classification using random forests. One eye of 334 open @entity2 @entity0 and 254 controls entered the study. All individuals underwent @entity3 scanning tomography of the optic disc, FDT screening, conventional perimetry, and evaluation of fundus photographs. Random forests were learned on individuals of the @entity2 registry (102 preperimetric @entity0 , 130 perimetric @entity0 , 161 controls). The classification performances of random forests and built-in classifiers were examined by receiver operator characteristic analysis on an independent second cohort of individuals (47 preperimetric @entity0 , 55 perimetric @entity0 , 93 controls). RESULTS: @entity3 measurements had a higher diagnostic power for @entity2 and FDT perimetry for @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 . A combination of all parameters using automated classification was superior to single tests in comparison to the diagnostic instrument with the higher diagnostic power in the respective group. Highest sensitivities at a fixed specificity (95%) in the @entity0 of the present test population were: @entity3 =32%, FDT=19%, combined analysis=47% in preperimetric @entity0 and @entity3 =76%, FDT=89%, combined analysis=96% in perimetric @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of machine learning for medical diagnostic assistance could be demonstrated in @entity0 from 2 independent study populations. A predictive model using automated classification is able to combine the advantages of morphology and function, resulting in a higher diagnostic power for @entity2 detection.

title: Combined evaluation of frequency doubling technology perimetry and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for XXXX detection using automated classification.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in the adjunctive treatment of medically diagnosed @entity1 and to compare the difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects between 180-degree and 360-degree SLT. METHODS: This study is a retrospective consecutive chart review of @entity1 @entity0 who had undergone first-time SLT from January of 2005 to July of 2007. All the @entity0 had primary @entity1 or @entity2 under medical treatment and followed for at least 3 months after the procedure. The IOP reduction and treatment success were compared with the 2 treatment types. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity0 underwent 180-degree SLT (35 eyes) and 25 @entity0 underwent 360-degree SLT (34 eyes). The average follow-up was 19.5 months (range 3 to 36) for 180-degree group and 17.9 months (range 3 to 36) for 360-degree group. During the follow-up period, the 360-degree SLT group showed significantly lower posttreatment IOP at each follow-up point relative to pretreatment IOP, and its IOP reduction rate stayed statistically higher than the 180-degree group. We found a positive correlation between the pretreatment IOP and the IOP reduction rate for 360-degree SLT. The lower the pretreatment IOP was, the lower IOP reduction rate became. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed higher success rates after 360-degree SLT than after 180-degree SLT. CONCLUSIONS: The 360-degree SLT was shown to be more effective than180-degree SLT for intermediateterm reduction in IOP of Japanese @entity0 with @entity1 as an adjunctive treatment protocol.

title: Clinical results of selective laser trabeculoplasty in XXXX in Japanese eyes: comparison of 180 degree with 360 degree SLT.

answer: @entity1


abstract: There is evidence for the idea that there is biological (active) control of body weight at a given set point. Body weight is the product of genetic effects (DNA), epigenetic effects (heritable traits that do not involve changes in DNA), and the environment. Regulation of body weight is asymmetric, being more effective in response to @entity1 than to @entity2 . However, regulation may be lost or camouflaged by Western diets, suggesting that the failure of biological control is due mainly to external factors. In this situation, the body's 'set point' (i.e., a constant 'body-inherent' weight regulated by a proportional feedback control system) is replaced by various 'settling points' that are influenced by energy and macronutrient intake in order for the body to achieve a zero energy balance. In a world of abundance, a prudent lifestyle and thus cognitive control are preconditions of effective biological control and a stable body weight. This idea also impacts future genetic research on body weight regulation. Searching for the genetic background of excess @entity2 in a world of abundance is misleading since the possible biological control is widely overshadowed by the effect of the environment. In regard to clinical practice, dietary approaches to both @entity1 and @entity2 have to be reconsidered. In underweight @entity0 (e.g., @entity0 with @entity3 ), @entity2 is supported by biological mechanisms that may or may not be suppressed by hyperalimentation. To overcome @entity1 -induced counter-regulation in the overweight, biological signals have to be taken into account. Computational modeling of weight changes based on metabolic flux and its regulation will provide future strategies for clinical nutrition.

title: Is there evidence for a set point that regulates XXXX body weight?

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT) features of inflammatory @entity2 membranes (iCNV) in multifocal @entity4 and punctate inner choroidopathy, and to compare them to those of the acute inflammatory lesions in the same underlying diseases. This is a retrospective, consecutive, observational case series. METHODS: Each @entity0 underwent a comprehensive eye examination, fundus photography, and @entity1 angiography (FA) on the initial visit. SD-OCT features of iCNV were reviewed at presentation and 4  weeks later, and were compared to SD-OCT features of the inflammatory lesions. There were ten eyes with iCNV and eight eyes with the acute lesions of @entity5 . RESULTS: All iCNV had a sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) component and a subretinal or retinal component that infiltrated the outer retinal layers to different extents. All iCNV had associated fluid exudation, and all showed RPE and inner segment/outer segment junction layer (IS/ @entity3 ) disruption. On the other hand, approximately half of the inflammatory lesions were confined between Bruch's membrane and RPE; the rest showed infiltration into the outer retinal layers in a pattern similar to iCNV, with no fluid exudation but with associated @entity4 . In most of them, disruption of RPE and IS/ @entity3 was also noted. CONCLUSIONS: The acute lesions of @entity5 can be difficult to distinguish from iCNV based on clinical examination and FA. However, iCNV demonstrate characteristic SD-OCT features not seen with the inflammatory lesions. These findings may help to differentiate these two entities that typically require different treatments.

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic features of XXXX membranes in multifocal @entity4 and punctate inner choroidopathy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT) features of inflammatory @entity2 membranes (iCNV) in multifocal @entity4 and punctate inner choroidopathy, and to compare them to those of the acute inflammatory lesions in the same underlying diseases. This is a retrospective, consecutive, observational case series. METHODS: Each @entity0 underwent a comprehensive eye examination, fundus photography, and @entity1 angiography (FA) on the initial visit. SD-OCT features of iCNV were reviewed at presentation and 4  weeks later, and were compared to SD-OCT features of the inflammatory lesions. There were ten eyes with iCNV and eight eyes with the acute lesions of @entity5 . RESULTS: All iCNV had a sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) component and a subretinal or retinal component that infiltrated the outer retinal layers to different extents. All iCNV had associated fluid exudation, and all showed RPE and inner segment/outer segment junction layer (IS/ @entity3 ) disruption. On the other hand, approximately half of the inflammatory lesions were confined between Bruch's membrane and RPE; the rest showed infiltration into the outer retinal layers in a pattern similar to iCNV, with no fluid exudation but with associated @entity4 . In most of them, disruption of RPE and IS/ @entity3 was also noted. CONCLUSIONS: The acute lesions of @entity5 can be difficult to distinguish from iCNV based on clinical examination and FA. However, iCNV demonstrate characteristic SD-OCT features not seen with the inflammatory lesions. These findings may help to differentiate these two entities that typically require different treatments.

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic features of @entity2 membranes in multifocal XXXX and punctate inner choroidopathy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Arthroscopic excision of the @entity2 dorsal synovium is performed on @entity0 with dorsal wrist @entity1 in @entity3 . Although dorsal wrist impingement has been described in cadaveric studies, to our knowledge, there is no published clinical data on its treatment with arthroscopic synovial excision. Herein, we present the results of arthroscopic management of this condition in our hospital. METHOD: A total of 13 @entity0 underwent arthroscopic excision of the @entity2 dorsal impinging synovium. All @entity0 presented with the cardinal symptom of dorsal-radial wrist @entity1 in extreme extension. The diagnoses were made after excluding other causes and confirmed on wrist arthroscopy. Arthroscopy was offered after nonoperative measures failed. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 14 (range 6-31) months. RESULTS: Mean pre- and postoperative quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were 49 (range 34-82) and 17 (range 0-48), respectively; paired t-test revealed a significant difference between the two (p < 0.001). Mean postoperative flexion-extension arc and radial-ulnar deviation arc were 120   and 46  , respectively. Postoperatively, one @entity0 developed @entity1 , with tethering of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, which required surgical release, while another @entity0 required revision arthroscopic excision of the impinging tissue. Both @entity0 had good postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSION: When treating @entity0 with dorsal wrist @entity1 , dorsal wrist impingement caused by @entity2 should be included in the differential diagnosis. Arthroscopic excision of the impinging synovium can achieve reliable @entity1 relief with significant functional improvement in the short term, although further research on its long-term benefits is required.

title: Short-term result of arthroscopic synovial excision for dorsal wrist @entity1 in XXXX associated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Arthroscopic excision of the @entity2 dorsal synovium is performed on @entity0 with dorsal wrist @entity1 in @entity3 . Although dorsal wrist impingement has been described in cadaveric studies, to our knowledge, there is no published clinical data on its treatment with arthroscopic synovial excision. Herein, we present the results of arthroscopic management of this condition in our hospital. METHOD: A total of 13 @entity0 underwent arthroscopic excision of the @entity2 dorsal impinging synovium. All @entity0 presented with the cardinal symptom of dorsal-radial wrist @entity1 in extreme extension. The diagnoses were made after excluding other causes and confirmed on wrist arthroscopy. Arthroscopy was offered after nonoperative measures failed. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 14 (range 6-31) months. RESULTS: Mean pre- and postoperative quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were 49 (range 34-82) and 17 (range 0-48), respectively; paired t-test revealed a significant difference between the two (p < 0.001). Mean postoperative flexion-extension arc and radial-ulnar deviation arc were 120   and 46  , respectively. Postoperatively, one @entity0 developed @entity1 , with tethering of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, which required surgical release, while another @entity0 required revision arthroscopic excision of the impinging tissue. Both @entity0 had good postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSION: When treating @entity0 with dorsal wrist @entity1 , dorsal wrist impingement caused by @entity2 should be included in the differential diagnosis. Arthroscopic excision of the impinging synovium can achieve reliable @entity1 relief with significant functional improvement in the short term, although further research on its long-term benefits is required.

title: Short-term result of arthroscopic synovial excision for dorsal wrist XXXX in @entity3 associated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Arthroscopic excision of the @entity2 dorsal synovium is performed on @entity0 with dorsal wrist @entity1 in @entity3 . Although dorsal wrist impingement has been described in cadaveric studies, to our knowledge, there is no published clinical data on its treatment with arthroscopic synovial excision. Herein, we present the results of arthroscopic management of this condition in our hospital. METHOD: A total of 13 @entity0 underwent arthroscopic excision of the @entity2 dorsal impinging synovium. All @entity0 presented with the cardinal symptom of dorsal-radial wrist @entity1 in extreme extension. The diagnoses were made after excluding other causes and confirmed on wrist arthroscopy. Arthroscopy was offered after nonoperative measures failed. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 14 (range 6-31) months. RESULTS: Mean pre- and postoperative quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were 49 (range 34-82) and 17 (range 0-48), respectively; paired t-test revealed a significant difference between the two (p < 0.001). Mean postoperative flexion-extension arc and radial-ulnar deviation arc were 120   and 46  , respectively. Postoperatively, one @entity0 developed @entity1 , with tethering of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, which required surgical release, while another @entity0 required revision arthroscopic excision of the impinging tissue. Both @entity0 had good postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSION: When treating @entity0 with dorsal wrist @entity1 , dorsal wrist impingement caused by @entity2 should be included in the differential diagnosis. Arthroscopic excision of the impinging synovium can achieve reliable @entity1 relief with significant functional improvement in the short term, although further research on its long-term benefits is required.

title: Short-term result of arthroscopic synovial excision for dorsal wrist @entity1 in @entity3 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 develop @entity3 and @entity3 in the hind paw after L5 spinal nerve ligation. Phosphorylated Extracellular Regulated Kinase (pERK) was used as a @entity2 marker to investigate the potential role of adjacent uninjured L4 nerve in the development of @entity3 after @entity1 . Left L5 nerve was ligated and sectioned in @entity0 . Three days later, @entity0 were randomly assigned into 5 groups; each had both hind paws immersed in water at different temperatures (no heat, 37, 42, 47 and 52   C) under sevoflurane anesthesia for 2 minutes. Five minutes after stimulation, the @entity0 were sacrificed and sections of L3-L6 spinal segments were stained immunocytochemically with pERK antibody. pERK immunoreactivity, which is not detectable in the normal spinal cord, was discernible in neurons (not glia) of the superficial dorsal horn after noxious heat stimuli. pERK positive neurons clearly overlapped in lamiae I-II with normal unmyelinated, and thin myelinated afferents labeled with calcitonin gene related peptide and isolectin B4, and injured unmyelinated afferents labeled with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. There was a linear increase in pERK immunoreactivity on both sides with increase in temperature. Importantly, the number of positive pERK neurons was significantly higher in the ipsilateral side of L4 spinal segment, which receives innervation from uninjured L4 nerve, compared with contralateral control side which receives both uninjured L4 and L5 spinal nerves. The data demonstrate that the uninjured L4 nerve plays an important role in the development of @entity3 at the spinal cord level after @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Anatomical evidence that the uninjured adjacent L4 nerve plays a significant role in the development of peripheral neuropathic pain after L5 spinal nerve ligation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A review of @entity0 with @entity5 admitted to the University of Maryland Hospital over the past ten years revealed a high frequency of surgical intervention. In addition to the usual indications for surgery (obstruction, perforation, and @entity2 ), we found persistent mass combined with other clinical indices, such as @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity4 , or recurrence required surgical intervention. Medical therapy (i.e., intravenous hydration, antibiotics, diet, nasogastric suction, etc.) varied with the clinical presentation. Only 43 per cent of the medically treated patients received antibiotics. If the bowel can be adequately prepared, a one-stage operation may be possible. Otherwise more stages may be necessary. A prognostic index has been devised for @entity5 for the evaluation of medical vs. surgical therapy. The higher the index, the more extensive the procedure that will be used. Our study supports the general usefulness of a Hartman (two-stage) procedure for those @entity0 requiring surgery.

title: Prognostic indices in the treatment of XXXX : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The effect of quadruple chemotherapy ( @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity2 ) on gonadal function was investigated in 15 males and 2 females treated for @entity3 during childhood. The 2 females have regular menstrual cycles with evidence of ovulation in one. Twelve of the males have shown normal progression of pubertal development since completing their treatment. Nine out of 10 late pubertal or adult subjects had small testes but only one developed gynaecomastia. All 4 prepubertal subjects had normal basal and peak gonadotrophin responses to luteinising hormone-releasing hormone. Nine of the 12 subjects studied during puberty or adulthood had either an increased basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level or an exaggerated FSH response to luteinising hormone-releasing hormone. Each of the 6 males who provided semen for analysis was azoospermic after an interval of between 2.4 and 8 (mean 5.3) years after completion of treatment. We conclude that severe @entity0 is common after treatment with @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity2 in childhood. The germinal epithelium is particularly vulnerable and the resultant @entity6 is likely to be irreversible. The Leydig cells are less susceptible to cytotoxic-induced damage. Pubertal development is normal and there is no indication for @entity1 replacement therapy.

title: Gonadal function after combination chemotherapy for XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent published results suggest no additive benefit to surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) when combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. However, there may still be a subgroup of @entity0 with severe @entity3 who can benefit from this procedure. We reviewed our institutional experience with SVR to determine early and late outcomes based on @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our SVR @entity0 (January 2002 to April 2008) with follow-up to March 2009. Baseline comorbidities, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were assessed by chart review, phone calls, and mailings. Survival was modeled using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, myocardial perfusion scans, and echocardiography assessed cardiac function, candidacy for SVR, and @entity2 . RESULTS: We reviewed 87 consecutive SVR @entity0 (69 @entity0 ). Mean age at operation was 61.1 years. Preoperatively, all @entity0 had @entity3 , with 80 (92%) at New York Heart Association III/IV. All @entity0 underwent preoperative viability studies. Three-vessel occlusion exceeding 50% was present in 69 (79%). After SVR, ejection fraction improved from 0.236 to 0.332 (p<0.001). Preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in 26 @entity0 (30.0%) showed a 30.8% reduction in left ventricular end systolic volume index. At follow-up, 51 of 66 (77%) improved to New York Heart Association I/II. One intraoperative @entity1 occurred. Preoperative left ventricular end systolic volume index of 80 to 120 was associated with improved survival (73% at 3 years). CONCLUSIONS: SVR is a surgical option for appropriately selected @entity0 with severe @entity3 . In these high-risk @entity0 , SVR successfully increased ejection fraction and decreased symptoms. A left ventricular end systolic volume index of 80 to 120 may be the ideal range for SVR procedures.

title: The impact of @entity2 on early and long-term outcomes in surgical ventricular restoration for severe XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent published results suggest no additive benefit to surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) when combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. However, there may still be a subgroup of @entity0 with severe @entity3 who can benefit from this procedure. We reviewed our institutional experience with SVR to determine early and late outcomes based on @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our SVR @entity0 (January 2002 to April 2008) with follow-up to March 2009. Baseline comorbidities, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were assessed by chart review, phone calls, and mailings. Survival was modeled using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, myocardial perfusion scans, and echocardiography assessed cardiac function, candidacy for SVR, and @entity2 . RESULTS: We reviewed 87 consecutive SVR @entity0 (69 @entity0 ). Mean age at operation was 61.1 years. Preoperatively, all @entity0 had @entity3 , with 80 (92%) at New York Heart Association III/IV. All @entity0 underwent preoperative viability studies. Three-vessel occlusion exceeding 50% was present in 69 (79%). After SVR, ejection fraction improved from 0.236 to 0.332 (p<0.001). Preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in 26 @entity0 (30.0%) showed a 30.8% reduction in left ventricular end systolic volume index. At follow-up, 51 of 66 (77%) improved to New York Heart Association I/II. One intraoperative @entity1 occurred. Preoperative left ventricular end systolic volume index of 80 to 120 was associated with improved survival (73% at 3 years). CONCLUSIONS: SVR is a surgical option for appropriately selected @entity0 with severe @entity3 . In these high-risk @entity0 , SVR successfully increased ejection fraction and decreased symptoms. A left ventricular end systolic volume index of 80 to 120 may be the ideal range for SVR procedures.

title: The impact of XXXX on early and long-term outcomes in surgical ventricular restoration for severe @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent experience suggests that @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secondary to @entity3 constitutes an indication for urgent operation. Acquired @entity4 at St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville, was reviewed to substantiate the obsolescence of protracted medical therapy designed to allow a late, technically less demanding, repair. Twenty-two acute VSDs (less than four weeks following onset of murmur) have been treated since 1970. Five @entity0 died during medical therapy. Two @entity0 survived for more than four weeks without operation. One never manifested significant @entity2 . The other was operated on at 33 days, after progressive deterioration. No technical advantage from the delay was apparent, although survival was achieved. Ten of 15 @entity0 (67%) operated on during the first four weeks survived. Fourteen had reached a level of marked instability prior to operation. Of the five deaths, four were technical and were the product of an initial lack of recognition of the necessity for patch replacement of the interventricular septum. The prosthetic patch is now considered essential to minimize suture-line stress in @entity1 muscle. Potentially, only one of 15 @entity0 operated on early using current methods would have expired. This experience supports an aggressive surgical approach to any unstable @entity0 with postinfarction @entity4 . Early repair requires specific techniques. Results of early operation using these techniques are dramatically superior to past efforts designed to delay definitive repair.

title: Urgent operation for acquired XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantifying the potential health benefits of improvements in the nutritional quality of the average diet of a population would provide evidence for resource allocation between population-level interventions aimed at reducing @entity3 . METHODS: A model was built linking consumption of food components with biological risk factors (blood pressure, serum @entity4 and @entity1 ) and subsequent mortality from @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity0 . Meta-analyses of individual-level studies that quantified the RR of increased consumption/increased risk factor level on disease outcomes were used to build the model. The sensitivity of the model to the results from the meta-analyses was assessed with Monte Carlo simulations. Country-specific estimates of current nutrient intake compared against dietary recommendations for the UK were used to demonstrate the model. RESULTS: Approximately 33   000 deaths per year would be avoided if UK dietary recommendations were met. The modelled reduction in deaths for @entity5 was 20   800 (95% credible interval 17   845-24   069), for @entity2 5876 (3856-7364) and for @entity0 6481 (4487-8353). Over 15   000 of the avoided deaths would be due to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: The developed model estimates the impact of population-level dietary changes and is robust. Achieving UK dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption (five portions a day) would result in substantial health benefits-equivalent benefits would be achieved if salt intakes were lowered to 3.5 g per day or saturated fat intakes were lowered to 3% of total energy.

title: Modelling the impact of a healthy diet on cardiovascular disease and XXXX mortality.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Addition of @entity3 or @entity2 to isolated @entity0 liver mitochondria results in an efflux of @entity1 . Concomitant with this efflux is an immediate oxidation of endogenous @entity5 , a fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in the rate of respiration. The primary effect in this sequence may be either (a) physiologically important stimulation of a @entity1 -efflux carrier, followed by @entity1 re-uptake, a fall in membrane potential and increased respiration, or (b) physiologically unimportant damage to mitochondrial integrity, followed by a fall in membrane potential, increased respiration and @entity1 efflux. 2. @entity6 and EGTA will restore the increased respiratory rate to one approximating to the control rate of respiration. However, addition of @entity4 , at a concentration which inhibits the uptake but not the normal efflux of @entity1 , inhibits the rate of @entity1 efflux induced by @entity3 or @entity2 . Therefore the observed efflux is occurring by a reversal of the uptake pathway (uniporter) and thus follows the fall in membrane potential. 3. From these results we conclude that the decrease in membrane potential and increase in the rate of respiration seen during @entity3 - or @entity2 -induced @entity1 efflux cannot be accounted for by rapid @entity1 cycling, but are due to damage to mitochondrial integrity.

title: XXXX - and @entity2 -induced calcium efflux from mitochondria occurs by reversal of the uptake pathway.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Addition of @entity3 or @entity2 to isolated @entity0 liver mitochondria results in an efflux of @entity1 . Concomitant with this efflux is an immediate oxidation of endogenous @entity5 , a fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in the rate of respiration. The primary effect in this sequence may be either (a) physiologically important stimulation of a @entity1 -efflux carrier, followed by @entity1 re-uptake, a fall in membrane potential and increased respiration, or (b) physiologically unimportant damage to mitochondrial integrity, followed by a fall in membrane potential, increased respiration and @entity1 efflux. 2. @entity6 and EGTA will restore the increased respiratory rate to one approximating to the control rate of respiration. However, addition of @entity4 , at a concentration which inhibits the uptake but not the normal efflux of @entity1 , inhibits the rate of @entity1 efflux induced by @entity3 or @entity2 . Therefore the observed efflux is occurring by a reversal of the uptake pathway (uniporter) and thus follows the fall in membrane potential. 3. From these results we conclude that the decrease in membrane potential and increase in the rate of respiration seen during @entity3 - or @entity2 -induced @entity1 efflux cannot be accounted for by rapid @entity1 cycling, but are due to damage to mitochondrial integrity.

title: @entity3 - and XXXX -induced calcium efflux from mitochondria occurs by reversal of the uptake pathway.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Norwood I operation, including placement of a shunt from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries, has been adopted by many surgeons for neonates with @entity8 . A three-year-old male who had undergone the Norwood I operation, and the Glenn operation, presented with a cervical @entity1 prior to the operation for total cavopulmonary connection. At the Glenn operation, the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery shunt was closed with a clip proximally, and the distal part was resected. Following the Glenn operation, the @entity0 had had recurrent @entity3 caused by @entity9 . Cardiac catheterization showed a false @entity4 from the proximal shunt @entity2 . The @entity5 after resternotomy was managed by initiating cardiopulmonary bypass via the groin vessels. Cerebral air embolies were prevented by systemic application of @entity6 , to achieve @entity7 during chest opening. The shunt was removed and the defect was closed. After the shunt was confirmed to be free from infection, a total cavopulmonary connection was performed after three days postoperatively. The case illustrates the management of @entity4 during resternotomy in @entity0 .

title: False aneurysm origination from the proximal XXXX of a right ventricular to pulmonary artery shunt following staged repair of @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Norwood I operation, including placement of a shunt from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries, has been adopted by many surgeons for neonates with @entity8 . A three-year-old male who had undergone the Norwood I operation, and the Glenn operation, presented with a cervical @entity1 prior to the operation for total cavopulmonary connection. At the Glenn operation, the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery shunt was closed with a clip proximally, and the distal part was resected. Following the Glenn operation, the @entity0 had had recurrent @entity3 caused by @entity9 . Cardiac catheterization showed a false @entity4 from the proximal shunt @entity2 . The @entity5 after resternotomy was managed by initiating cardiopulmonary bypass via the groin vessels. Cerebral air embolies were prevented by systemic application of @entity6 , to achieve @entity7 during chest opening. The shunt was removed and the defect was closed. After the shunt was confirmed to be free from infection, a total cavopulmonary connection was performed after three days postoperatively. The case illustrates the management of @entity4 during resternotomy in @entity0 .

title: False aneurysm origination from the proximal @entity2 of a right ventricular to pulmonary artery shunt following staged repair of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Coptis chinensis is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. The study investigated metabolic interaction of the active constituents ( @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 , and @entity4 ) of Coptis chinensis in @entity0 liver microsomes. After incubation of the four constituents of Coptis chinensis in HLMs, the metabolism of the four constituents was observed by HPLC. The in vitro inhibition experiment between the active constituents was conducted, and IC50 value was estimated. @entity3 exhibited inhibitions against the formation of the two metabolites of @entity1 with IC50 values of 6.5 and 8.3    M, respectively. @entity2 and @entity4 showed the weaker inhibitory effect on the formation of the metabolites of @entity1 . @entity1 showed a weak inhibitory effect on the production of @entity3 metabolite with an IC50 value of 115    M, and @entity2 and @entity4 had little inhibitory effect on the formation of @entity3 metabolite. @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity4 showed no inhibitory effect on the generation of @entity2 metabolite (IC50 > 200    M). The findings suggested that there are different degrees of metabolic interaction between the four components. @entity3 showed the strongest inhibition toward @entity1 metabolism.

title: Metabolic Interaction of the Active Constituents of Coptis chinensis in XXXX Liver Microsomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 @entity3 (CECS) is a @entity1 of Border Terriers (BTs). These @entity0 might respond to a gluten-free diet. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and serological effect of a gluten-free diet in BTs with CECS. ANIMALS: Six client-owned BTs with clinically confirmed CECS. METHODS: @entity0 were prospectively recruited that had at least a 6-month history of CECS based on the observed phenomenology (using video) and had exhibited at least 2 separate episodes on different days. @entity0 were tested for anti- @entity4 (TG2 IgA) and anti-gliadin (AGA IgG) antibodies in the serum at presentation, and 3, 6, and 9  months after the introduction of a gluten-free diet. Duodenal biopsies were performed in 1 dog. RESULTS: Serum TG2 IgA titers were increased in 6/6 BTs (P  =  .006) and AGA IgG titers were increased in 5/6 BTs at presentation compared to those of controls (P  =  .018). After 9  months, there was clinical and serological improvement in all BTs with CECS strictly adhering to a gluten-free diet (5/5). One @entity0 had persistently increased antibody titers. This @entity0 scavenged @entity2 manure. On the strict introduction of a gluten-free diet this @entity0 also had an improved clinical and serological response. The diet-associated improvement was reversible in 2 @entity0 on completion of the study, both of which suffered a relapse of CECS on the re-introduction of gluten. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 @entity3 in BTs is a @entity1 triggered and perpetuated by gluten and thus responsive to a gluten-free diet.

title: The Clinical and Serological Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet in Border Terriers with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Natural enemy exploitation of food resources and alternative hosts in noncrop vegetation has been shown to be an effective means of enhancing natural enemy populations in diversified agro-ecosystem. Field trials were conducted in Hawaii to examine effects of interplanting flowering plants on 1) parasitism of @entity1 earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) eggs by Trichogramma spp., and 2) abundance of Orius spp. in relation to prey (H. zea eggs and thrips [primarily, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Frankliniella williamsi Hood]). Sweet @entity1 ( @entity0 ), @entity0 ., was interplanted with three flowering plants, buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, @entity2 , @entity2 (L.), and sunn hemp, Crotolaria juncea L., at 2:1 and 4:1 ( @entity1 : flowering plant) ratios in 2009 and 2010, respectively. In 2009, the abundance of Orius spp. was significantly greater in the buckwheat-interplanted treatment compared to the monocrop control at similar levels of prey availability, indicating buckwheat flowers might have provided both prey and nectar resources. In 2010, @entity2 and sunn hemp flowering plants provided a source of an alternate host insect's eggs for Trichogramma spp. oviposition, resulting in significantly higher parasitism of H. zea eggs in the @entity2 - and sunn hemp-interplanted treatments compared to the monocrop control. Despite of differences in pest and natural enemy interactions in two field trials, our findings suggested that provisioning of an alternate host insect's eggs through flowering plants is an effective means for enhancing Trichogramma spp. and provisioning of both nectar and prey resources through flowering plants is important for enhancing predation by Orius spp.

title: Effects of Interplanting Flowering Plants on the Biological Control of XXXX Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Sweet @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Natural enemy exploitation of food resources and alternative hosts in noncrop vegetation has been shown to be an effective means of enhancing natural enemy populations in diversified agro-ecosystem. Field trials were conducted in Hawaii to examine effects of interplanting flowering plants on 1) parasitism of @entity1 earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) eggs by Trichogramma spp., and 2) abundance of Orius spp. in relation to prey (H. zea eggs and thrips [primarily, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Frankliniella williamsi Hood]). Sweet @entity1 ( @entity0 ), @entity0 ., was interplanted with three flowering plants, buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, @entity2 , @entity2 (L.), and sunn hemp, Crotolaria juncea L., at 2:1 and 4:1 ( @entity1 : flowering plant) ratios in 2009 and 2010, respectively. In 2009, the abundance of Orius spp. was significantly greater in the buckwheat-interplanted treatment compared to the monocrop control at similar levels of prey availability, indicating buckwheat flowers might have provided both prey and nectar resources. In 2010, @entity2 and sunn hemp flowering plants provided a source of an alternate host insect's eggs for Trichogramma spp. oviposition, resulting in significantly higher parasitism of H. zea eggs in the @entity2 - and sunn hemp-interplanted treatments compared to the monocrop control. Despite of differences in pest and natural enemy interactions in two field trials, our findings suggested that provisioning of an alternate host insect's eggs through flowering plants is an effective means for enhancing Trichogramma spp. and provisioning of both nectar and prey resources through flowering plants is important for enhancing predation by Orius spp.

title: Effects of Interplanting Flowering Plants on the Biological Control of @entity1 Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Sweet XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Modify the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for 'fear of passive motion' beliefs. METHODS: With permission, a 14-item modification, the TSK-PM (passive movement), was created. Test-retest reliability was tested first. Construct validity was tested in chronic @entity3 @entity0 by comparing the TSK-PM with the TSK, the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and cervical ranges of motion. RESULTS: The TSK-PM showed high test-retest reliability (r = 0.83) and high correlation with the original TSK (r = 0.84). Low, non-significant correlations were found with other variables. @entity2 scores were strongly correlated with ranges of motion. CONCLUSIONS: While having high test-retest reliability and a single factor structure, the TSK-PM failed to demonstrate distinctive construct validity vs the original TSK. The original TSK is likely to be sufficient to assess fear of being moved in neck @entity1 @entity0 in a clinical setting. Modifications to the current version of the TSK-PM might improve its construct validity in future studies.

title: Is "fear of passive movement" a distinctive component of the Fear-Avoidance Model in XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell therapy for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may be limited by poor cell survival and lack of transdifferentiation. We report a novel technique of implanting whole autologous myocardial tissue from preserved myocardial regions into infarcted regions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 were used to optimize cardiomyotissue size with peritoneal wall implantation (300  m identified as optimal size). Thirty-nine @entity3 were used to investigate cardiomyotissue implantation in @entity1 induced by left anterior descending balloon occlusion (10 animals died; male-to-female transplantation for tracking with in situ hybridization for Y chromosome, n=4 [2 donors and 2 @entity1 animals]; @entity1 at 1 hour, n=13; and healed @entity1 implantation at 2 weeks, n=12). Assessment included echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, hemodynamics, @entity4 staining, and histological and molecular analyses. Tracking studies demonstrated viable implants with donor cells interspersed in the adjacent myocardium with gap junctions and desmosomes. In the @entity1 , treated animals compared with controls had improved perfusion by magnetic resonance imaging (1.2  0.01 versus 0.86  0.05; P<0.01), decreased @entity1 size (magnetic resonance imaging: left ventricle, 2.2  0.5% versus 5.4  1.5%, P=0.04; @entity4 : anterior wall, 10.3  4.6% versus 28.9  5.8%, P<0.03), and improved contractility (dP/dt, 1235  215 versus 817  817; P<0.05). In the healed @entity1 cohort, treated animals had less decline in ejection fraction between 2 and 4 week assessment (-3  4% versus -13  -4%; P<0.05), less decline in   dP/dt, and smaller @entity1 ( @entity4 , 21  11% versus 3  8%; P=0.006) than control animals. @entity2 in the treated animals contained more mdr-1(+) cells and fewer c-kit(+) cells with a trend for decreased expression of @entity5 and increased expression of @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Autologous cardiomyotissue implanted in an @entity1 area remains viable, exhibits electromechanical coupling, decreases @entity2 size, and improves left ventricular function.

title: Autologous cardiomyotissue implantation promotes myocardial regeneration, decreases XXXX size, and improves left ventricular function.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The handling of turtles and other reptiles can be associated with risk of pathogenic enterobacteria transmission, mainly @entity2 spp. The aim of this study was to identify the enterobacteria in cloacal swabs of 39 red-eared sliders ( @entity4 elegans). Cloacal swabs from 39 captive individuals were analyzed. After sample enrichment in brain-heart infusion broth and 1% peptone water, bacterial isolation was performed through cultivation in blood, MacConkey and xylose lysine desoxycholate agar. Bacterial identification was achieved through conventional tests and automated turbidity analysis. The results indicated the growth of Kluyvera ascorbata (38/39), Leclercia adecarboxylata (37/39), Raoultella planticola (30/39), @entity3 (20/39), @entity1 spp. (15/39), and @entity0 (5/39). @entity2 spp. were not detected. The intestinal enterobacteria identified inthis study differed from that reported in the literature for other reptiles.

title: Enterobacterial colonization in captive red-eared sliders ( XXXX elegans).

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Self-focused attention (SFA) is considered a cognitive bias that is closely related to @entity2 . However, it is not yet well understood whether it represents a disorder-specific or a trans-diagnostic phenomenon and which role the valence of a given context is playing in this regard. Computerized quantitative text-analysis offers an integrative psycho-linguistic approach that may help to provide new insights into these complex relationships. The relative frequency of first- @entity0 singular pronouns in natural language is regarded as an objective, linguistic marker of SFA. Here we present two studies that examined the associations between SFA and symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 in two different contexts (positive vs. negative valence), as well as the convergence between pronoun-use and self-reported aspects of SFA. In the first study, we found that the use of first- @entity0 singular pronouns during negative but not during positive memory recall was positively related to symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 with varying levels of co-morbid @entity2 and @entity1 . In the second study, we found the same pattern of results in non- @entity2 individuals. In addition, use of first- @entity0 singular pronouns during negative memory recall was positively related to brooding (i.e., the assumed @entity4 ) but not to reflection. These findings could not be replicated in two samples of @entity2 @entity0 . However, non-chronically @entity2 @entity0 used more first- @entity0 singular pronouns than healthy controls, irrespective of context. Taken together, the findings lend partial support to theoretical models that emphasize the effects of context on self-focus and consider SFA as a relevant trans-diagnostic phenomenon. In addition, the present findings point to the construct validity of pronoun-use as a linguistic marker of maladaptive self-focus.

title: Me, myself, and I: self-referent word use as an indicator of self-focused attention in relation to XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Self-focused attention (SFA) is considered a cognitive bias that is closely related to @entity2 . However, it is not yet well understood whether it represents a disorder-specific or a trans-diagnostic phenomenon and which role the valence of a given context is playing in this regard. Computerized quantitative text-analysis offers an integrative psycho-linguistic approach that may help to provide new insights into these complex relationships. The relative frequency of first- @entity0 singular pronouns in natural language is regarded as an objective, linguistic marker of SFA. Here we present two studies that examined the associations between SFA and symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 in two different contexts (positive vs. negative valence), as well as the convergence between pronoun-use and self-reported aspects of SFA. In the first study, we found that the use of first- @entity0 singular pronouns during negative but not during positive memory recall was positively related to symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 with varying levels of co-morbid @entity2 and @entity1 . In the second study, we found the same pattern of results in non- @entity2 individuals. In addition, use of first- @entity0 singular pronouns during negative memory recall was positively related to brooding (i.e., the assumed @entity4 ) but not to reflection. These findings could not be replicated in two samples of @entity2 @entity0 . However, non-chronically @entity2 @entity0 used more first- @entity0 singular pronouns than healthy controls, irrespective of context. Taken together, the findings lend partial support to theoretical models that emphasize the effects of context on self-focus and consider SFA as a relevant trans-diagnostic phenomenon. In addition, the present findings point to the construct validity of pronoun-use as a linguistic marker of maladaptive self-focus.

title: Me, myself, and I: self-referent word use as an indicator of self-focused attention in relation to @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The correct diagnosis of proliferation @entity1 is essential, because it is a treatable disease and missing the diagnosis can lead to the @entity0 becoming blind. We examined the ability of internists and ophthalmologists to diagnose @entity2 under optimal conditions. Twenty-three physicians performed retinal examinations on ten @entity1 @entity0 and one normal @entity0 with dilated pupils. Physician examiners were members of a university medical center and included 10 internists, 2 diabetologists, 4 senior medical residents, 4 general ophthalmologists, and 3 ophthalmologists who were subspecialists in @entity2 . Correct diagnosis was determined separately by the consensus of three ophthalmologists specializing in @entity2 , who reviewed seven-view stereo fundus photographs and medical charts. Of a possible 483 individual eye a examinations, 438 were completed. The overall error rate was 61%. The error rate for missing the diagnosis of @entity2 varied from 0% for retinal specialists to 49% for internists, diabetologists, and medical residents. We conclude that potentially serious mistakes in diagnosis are currently made by the physicians who care for most @entity1 @entity0 . Experience and specialized knowledge lessen that the error rate. Further education or greater use of referrals may be necessary to provide optimal @entity0 care.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a major cause of long-term disability. The possibility exists for exogenously derived neural progenitor cells to repair damage resulting from @entity2 , although more information is needed to successfully implement this promising therapy. To test the ability of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) obtained from @entity0 to repair damaged neocortex, we transplanted neural progenitor cell suspensions into normal and injured slice cultures of the neocortex acquired from @entity0 on postnatal day 0-3. Donor cells from E16 embryos were obtained from either the neocortex, including the ventricular zone (VZ) for excitatory cells, ganglionic eminence (GE) for inhibitory cells or a mixed population of the two. Cells were injected into the ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) or directly into the wounded region. Transplanted cells migrated throughout the cortical plate with GE and mixed population donor cells predominately targeting the upper cortical layers, while neocortically derived NPCs from the VZ/SVZ migrated less extensively. In the injured neocortex, transplanted cells moved predominantly into the wounded area. NPCs derived from the GE tended to be immunoreactive for GABAergic markers while those derived from the neocortex were more strongly immunoreactive for other neuronal markers such as @entity3 , TUJ1, or Milli-Mark. Cells transplanted in vitro acquired the electrophysiological characteristics of neurons, including action potential generation and reception of spontaneous synaptic activity. This suggests that transplanted cells differentiate into neurons capable of functionally integrating with the host tissue. Together, our data suggest that transplantation of neural progenitor cells holds great potential as an emerging therapeutic intervention for restoring function lost to @entity1 .

title: Transplanted Neural Progenitor Cells from Distinct Sources Migrate Differentially in an Organotypic Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although bracing for @entity1 is moderately successful, its efficacy has been called into question and it carries associated psychosocial ramifications. In this study we report the background, rationale, indications, surgical techniques, and early results of vertebral body stapling (VBS) in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: We reviewed the literature on growth modulation of the growing spine and the concepts behind the use of VBS as a fusionless strategy. The indications are derived from retrospectively reviewed @entity0 with @entity1 treated with VBS followed for a minimum of 2 years. Indications for staple use included: (a) age <13 years in @entity0 and 15 in @entity0 , (b) Risser 0 or 1 and/or 1 year of growth remaining on wrist radiograph, (c) coronal curve <45 degrees with minimal rotation and flexible to <25 degrees on a side bending radiograph, and (d) sagittal thoracic curve <40 degrees. RESULTS: Thoracic curves measuring <35 degrees had a success rate of 77.7%. Curves which reached  <= 20 degrees on first erect radiograph had a success rate of 85.7%. Thoracic curves greater than 35 degrees were not successful and require alternative treatments. Lumbar curves demonstrated a success rate of 86.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Some @entity0 with @entity1 with moderate curves (25 to 45 degrees) and high risk of progression can be safely treated with VBS as an alternative to bracing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

title: Clinical outcomes of nitinol staples for preventing curve progression in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common disorder in which the spine gradually develops a curvature that is first detected in @entity0 between 11 and 17 years of age. The only accepted treatment methods are bracing and surgery. Whether brace treatment alters the natural history is being questioned, and @entity0 compliance is low. Surgery usually includes a spinal fusion that creates a rigid spine and concentrates stresses at the ends. METHODS: This study focuses on correlating the laboratory results with clinical reports for @entity4 @entity0 with @entity1 . In the laboratory, @entity2 with @entity3 has been created by asymmetric mechanical loading and has been corrected by reversing the loading. In the clinic, bracing and derotational casting have been successful in some reports, but compliance has been a problem with bracing and derotational casts have mainly been used in young @entity0 . Operative treatment has been successful, but a nonfusion operation remains elusive. FINDINGS AND RESULTS: In the laboratory, axial loading of growth plates altered growth according to the Hueter-Volkmann law, which states that compression decreases and distraction increases growth. Asymmetric loading of the spine caused asymmetric growth resulting in @entity2 with @entity3 . Asymmetric loading of tail vertebrae created @entity3 according to Wolff's law, which states that the bone remodels over time in response to prevailing mechanical demands. In the clinic, studies have shown that bracing may work if @entity0 wore the brace as prescribed. Derotational casting in young @entity0 has been shown to prevent progression and even correct the @entity2 in some @entity0 . Convex vertebral stapling has been successful in mild curves, but the results in larger curves have been disappointing. Anterolateral tethering has been successful in mild curves in young @entity0 , but there is limited experience with this technique in @entity0 with large curves. CONCLUSIONS: A brace that applies the appropriate loading and is worn as prescribed may dramatically improve the results of brace treatment. A procedure using external fixation or adjustable anterolateral tethering may achieve a nonfusion correction of @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

title: Nonfusion treatment of adolescent idiopathic XXXX by growth modulation and remodeling.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Friable embryogenic callus (FEC) is considered as the most suitable material for efficient genetic transformation of @entity7 . Heavy genotype dependence of FEC induction and amenability to somaclonal variation limits the production and maintenance of reliable FEC. Identifying key elements involved in biological processes from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) to FEC at different stages provides critical insights for FEC improvement. Cytological observation showed a dramatic change of subcellular structures among @entity3 , fresh FEC (FFEC), and old FEC (OFEC). Decrease of @entity2 and increase of @entity1 and @entity0 were detected in OFEC. A total of 6871 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from @entity3 , FFEC, and OFEC by RNA-seq. Analysis of the DEGs showed that FEC induction was accompanied by the process of dedifferentiation, whereas the epigenetics modification occurred during the continuous subculturing process. The cell structure was reconstructed, mainly including the GO terms of "cell periphery" and "external encapsulating structure"; in parallel, the internal mechanisms changed correspondingly, including the biological process of glycolysis and metabolisms of @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 . The significant reduction of genomic DNA methylation in OFEC indicated altered gene expression via chromatin modification. These results indicate that the induction and long-term subculture of FEC is a complicated biological process involving changes of genome modification, gene expression, and subcellular reconstruction. The findings will be useful for improving FEC induction and maintenance from farmer-preferred @entity7 cultivars recalcitrant to genetic transformation, hence improving @entity7 through genetic engineering.

title: Transition from somatic embryo to friable embryogenic callus in XXXX : dynamic changes in cellular structure, physiological status, and gene expression profiles.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Outbreaks of an unexplained acute @entity1 affecting young @entity0 and associated with high case-fatality rates have been reported in the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar state in India since 1995. The outbreaks generally peak in June and decline weeks later with the onset of monsoon rains. There have been multiple epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of this syndrome, leading to a wide spectrum of proposed causes for the illness, including infectious @entity3 and exposure to pesticides. An association between illness and litchi fruit has been postulated because Muzaffarpur is a litchi fruit-producing region. To better characterize clinical and epidemiologic features of the illness that might suggest its cause and how it can be prevented, the Indian National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and CDC investigated outbreaks in 2013 and 2014. Clinical and laboratory findings in 2013 suggested a noninflammatory @entity2 , possibly caused by a toxin. A common laboratory finding was low blood @entity5 (<70 mg/dL) on admission, a finding associated with a poorer outcome; 44% of all cases were fatal. An ongoing 2014 investigation has found no evidence of any infectious etiology and supports the possibility that exposure to a toxin might be the cause. The outbreak period coincides with the month-long litchi harvesting season in Muzaffarpur. Although a specific etiology has not yet been determined, the 2014 investigation has identified the illness as a hypoglycemic @entity2 and confirmed the importance of ongoing laboratory evaluation of environmental toxins to identify a potential causative agent, including markers for @entity8 ( @entity7 ), a compound found in litchi seeds known to cause @entity6 in animal studies. Current @entity4 recommendations are focused on reducing mortality by urging affected families to seek prompt medical care, and ensuring rapid assessment and correction of @entity6 in ill @entity0 .

title: Outbreaks of unexplained XXXX - muzaffarpur, India, 2013-2014.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Penetrating @entity1 is relatively rare in the pediatric population. Embolization of foreign bodies from penetrating @entity1 is very uncommon. We present a case of a 6-year-old @entity0 with a penetrating foreign body from a projectile dislodged from a lawn mower. Imaging demonstrated a foreign body that @entity3 , which was successfully treated non-operatively. METHODS: We reviewed the penetrating @entity1 @entity0 in the @entity1 registry at our institution between 1/1/03 and 12/31/12. Data collected included demographic data, procedures performed, complications and outcome. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity0 were identified with a diagnosis of penetrating @entity1 . Fourteen of the @entity0 had low velocity penetrating @entity1 and 51 had high velocity injuries. @entity0 with high velocity injuries were more likely to be older and less likely to be Caucasian. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity0 with low vs. high velocity injuries regarding severity scores or length of stay. There were no statistically significant differences in procedures required between @entity0 with low and high velocity injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Penetrating @entity1 is rare in @entity0 . The case presented here represents the only report of @entity2 we could identify in a pediatric @entity0 .

title: An unusual case of foreign body pulmonary embolus: case report and review of penetrating XXXX at a pediatric @entity1 center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Penetrating @entity1 is relatively rare in the pediatric population. Embolization of foreign bodies from penetrating @entity1 is very uncommon. We present a case of a 6-year-old @entity0 with a penetrating foreign body from a projectile dislodged from a lawn mower. Imaging demonstrated a foreign body that @entity3 , which was successfully treated non-operatively. METHODS: We reviewed the penetrating @entity1 @entity0 in the @entity1 registry at our institution between 1/1/03 and 12/31/12. Data collected included demographic data, procedures performed, complications and outcome. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity0 were identified with a diagnosis of penetrating @entity1 . Fourteen of the @entity0 had low velocity penetrating @entity1 and 51 had high velocity injuries. @entity0 with high velocity injuries were more likely to be older and less likely to be Caucasian. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity0 with low vs. high velocity injuries regarding severity scores or length of stay. There were no statistically significant differences in procedures required between @entity0 with low and high velocity injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Penetrating @entity1 is rare in @entity0 . The case presented here represents the only report of @entity2 we could identify in a pediatric @entity0 .

title: An unusual case of foreign body pulmonary embolus: case report and review of penetrating @entity1 at a pediatric XXXX center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination is the most effective method for preventing @entity2 . Adult hospitalised @entity0 form a particularly high-risk group for severe @entity1 given their advanced age and comorbidities. We sought to improve the @entity1 vaccination rates of hospitalised @entity0 at the White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center. METHODS: The improvement effort started in 2007 when our baseline vaccination rate was about 60%. An interprofessional team analysed the @entity1 vaccination process for hospitalised @entity0 . During the course of six @entity1 seasons, eight Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were used including a hospital-wide flu campaign, embedded orders in the electronic medical record (EMR) to facilitate ordering vaccinations by providers, daily reminders from ward clerks and standing orders for @entity1 vaccination on discharge. The measure was the monthly percentage of @entity0 discharged from the hospital with an up-to-date @entity1 vaccination. RESULTS: The percentage of veterans discharged with an up-to-date @entity1 vaccination increased to over 80% in February 2009 and has remained high. CONCLUSIONS: Although we are confident that our local efforts helped to improve the vaccination rate, external factors such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and universal vaccination may have primed our system to respond more readily to the implemented changes. Understanding all of the relevant factors that lead to vaccination uptake can be applied to future hospital @entity1 vaccination campaigns. In addition, our work demonstrates that an interprofessional approach is still required to apply the functionality of the EMR effectively.

title: Influenza vaccination rates for hospitalised XXXX : a multiyear quality improvement effort.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cardiac remodeling is a common pathophysiological change along with chronic @entity2 and @entity4 . Recent evidence indicated that cardiac tissue expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy). However, the functional role of PPARy in @entity3 remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between PPARy activation and pressure overload-induced @entity3 . METHODS: Cardiac remodeling model was successfully established by abdominal aorta ligation. Cardiac @entity1 and cardiomyocyte @entity5 were simulated by 100 nM @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in vitro. Haemodynamic parameters, the expressions of @entity9 , a-MHC, b-MHC, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), collagen-I, collagen-III and @entity8 were examined. RESULTS: Morphological and haemodynamic measurements showed that the activation of PPARy improved the @entity3 and decreased interstitial @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 . Further results also showed that the activation of PPARy inhibited the expressions of @entity9 and @entity7 in the @entity3 . The activation of PPARy also inhibited the proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts, and down-regulated the activity of @entity9 and the expression of @entity7 induced by @entity6 in cultured neonatal @entity0 cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, respectively, through @entity8 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that PPARy activation effectively inhibited @entity3 processes by suppression of @entity9 and @entity7 expressions through @entity8 pathway in the pressure-overloaded hearts induced by abdominal aorta ligation in @entity0 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor y (PPARy) Through @entity8 / @entity9 and XXXX Pathways Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded @entity0 Hearts.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cardiac remodeling is a common pathophysiological change along with chronic @entity2 and @entity4 . Recent evidence indicated that cardiac tissue expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy). However, the functional role of PPARy in @entity3 remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between PPARy activation and pressure overload-induced @entity3 . METHODS: Cardiac remodeling model was successfully established by abdominal aorta ligation. Cardiac @entity1 and cardiomyocyte @entity5 were simulated by 100 nM @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in vitro. Haemodynamic parameters, the expressions of @entity9 , a-MHC, b-MHC, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), collagen-I, collagen-III and @entity8 were examined. RESULTS: Morphological and haemodynamic measurements showed that the activation of PPARy improved the @entity3 and decreased interstitial @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 . Further results also showed that the activation of PPARy inhibited the expressions of @entity9 and @entity7 in the @entity3 . The activation of PPARy also inhibited the proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts, and down-regulated the activity of @entity9 and the expression of @entity7 induced by @entity6 in cultured neonatal @entity0 cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, respectively, through @entity8 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that PPARy activation effectively inhibited @entity3 processes by suppression of @entity9 and @entity7 expressions through @entity8 pathway in the pressure-overloaded hearts induced by abdominal aorta ligation in @entity0 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor y (PPARy) Through @entity8 / XXXX and @entity7 Pathways Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded @entity0 Hearts.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cardiac remodeling is a common pathophysiological change along with chronic @entity2 and @entity4 . Recent evidence indicated that cardiac tissue expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy). However, the functional role of PPARy in @entity3 remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between PPARy activation and pressure overload-induced @entity3 . METHODS: Cardiac remodeling model was successfully established by abdominal aorta ligation. Cardiac @entity1 and cardiomyocyte @entity5 were simulated by 100 nM @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in vitro. Haemodynamic parameters, the expressions of @entity9 , a-MHC, b-MHC, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), collagen-I, collagen-III and @entity8 were examined. RESULTS: Morphological and haemodynamic measurements showed that the activation of PPARy improved the @entity3 and decreased interstitial @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 . Further results also showed that the activation of PPARy inhibited the expressions of @entity9 and @entity7 in the @entity3 . The activation of PPARy also inhibited the proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts, and down-regulated the activity of @entity9 and the expression of @entity7 induced by @entity6 in cultured neonatal @entity0 cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, respectively, through @entity8 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that PPARy activation effectively inhibited @entity3 processes by suppression of @entity9 and @entity7 expressions through @entity8 pathway in the pressure-overloaded hearts induced by abdominal aorta ligation in @entity0 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor y (PPARy) Through XXXX / @entity9 and @entity7 Pathways Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded @entity0 Hearts.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cardiac remodeling is a common pathophysiological change along with chronic @entity2 and @entity4 . Recent evidence indicated that cardiac tissue expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy). However, the functional role of PPARy in @entity3 remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between PPARy activation and pressure overload-induced @entity3 . METHODS: Cardiac remodeling model was successfully established by abdominal aorta ligation. Cardiac @entity1 and cardiomyocyte @entity5 were simulated by 100 nM @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in vitro. Haemodynamic parameters, the expressions of @entity9 , a-MHC, b-MHC, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), collagen-I, collagen-III and @entity8 were examined. RESULTS: Morphological and haemodynamic measurements showed that the activation of PPARy improved the @entity3 and decreased interstitial @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 . Further results also showed that the activation of PPARy inhibited the expressions of @entity9 and @entity7 in the @entity3 . The activation of PPARy also inhibited the proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts, and down-regulated the activity of @entity9 and the expression of @entity7 induced by @entity6 in cultured neonatal @entity0 cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, respectively, through @entity8 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that PPARy activation effectively inhibited @entity3 processes by suppression of @entity9 and @entity7 expressions through @entity8 pathway in the pressure-overloaded hearts induced by abdominal aorta ligation in @entity0 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor y (PPARy) Through @entity8 / @entity9 and @entity7 Pathways Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded XXXX Hearts.

answer: @entity0