abstract: UNASSIGNED: Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are @entity2 -activated transcription factors that play major roles in cellular @entity1 homeostasis, HDL biogenesis and reverse @entity1 transport. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms that control the expression of the @entity0 @entity4 gene in hepatic cells. A series of reporter plasmids containing consecutive 5' deletions of the hLXRa promoter upstream of the luciferase gene were constructed and the activity of each construct was measured in HepG2 cells. This analysis showed that the activity of the @entity0 @entity4 promoter was significantly reduced by deleting the  -111 to  -42 region suggesting the presence of positive regulatory elements in this short proximal fragment. Bioinformatics data including motif search and ChIP-Seq revealed the presence of a potential binding motif for Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 a ( @entity3 ) in this area. Overexpression of @entity3 in HEK 293T cells increased the expression of all @entity4 promoter constructs except  -42/+384. In line, silencing the expression of endogenous @entity3 in HepG2 cells was associated with reduced @entity4 protein levels and reduced activity of the  -111/+384 @entity4 promoter but not of the  -42/+384 promoter. Using ChiP assays in HepG2 cells combined with DNAP assays we mapped the novel @entity3 specific binding motif (H4-SBM) in the  -50 to  -40 region of the @entity0 @entity4 promoter. A triple mutation in this H4-SBM abolished @entity3 binding and reduced the activity of the promoter to 65% relative to the wild type. Furthermore, the mutant promoter could not be transactivated by @entity3 . In conclusion, our data indicate that @entity3 may have a wider role in cell and plasma @entity1 homeostasis by controlling the expression of @entity4 in hepatic cells.

title: Transcriptional regulation of the XXXX Liver X Receptor a gene by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4a.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While a great deal has been learned of the genetic changes that give rise to adaptation in bacteria and @entity0 , an understanding of how new complex traits arise in multicellular organisms is far less complete. Many phytophagous insect species are ecological specialists that have adapted to utilize a single host plant. @entity2 is a specialist that utilizes the ripe fruit of Morinda citrifolia, which is toxic to its sibling species, @entity1 . Here we apply multiplexed shotgun genotyping and QTL analysis to examine the genetic basis of resistance to M. citrifolia fruit toxin in interspecific hybrids. We identify a locus of large effect on the third chromosome (QTL-IIIsima) in the @entity1 backcross that was not detected in previous analyses. We also identify a highly significant QTL of large effect on the X chromosome, QTL-Xsim. Additional smaller-effect loci were also identified in the @entity1 and @entity2 backcrosses. We did not detect significant epistasis between loci. Instead, our analysis reveals large and smaller-effect loci that contribute to M. citrifolia resistance additively. The additive effect of each locus suggests that partial resistance to lower levels of M. citrifolia toxin could be passed through introgression from @entity2 to @entity1 in nature. The identification of the major effect loci, QTL-IIIsima and QTL-Xsim, is an important step towards identifying the molecular basis of adaptation in a multicellular organism.

title: The Genetics of Resistance to Morinda Fruit Toxin During the Postembryonic Stages in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are generally combined in @entity1 surveillance, their etiologies likely differ. Here, we describe demographic characteristics and trends in incidence rates (IR) of @entity1 by histology ( @entity5 , @entity2 ) and behavior (invasive, in situ) in the United States. METHODS: With data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, we estimated age-adjusted @entity1 IRs across behavior/histology by demographic and @entity1 characteristics for 2000-2011. Trends in IRs and annual percent changes during 1977-2011 were also estimated and compared with @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity0 had higher rates of @entity5 [rate ratio (RR), 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.40-1.50] and lower rates of @entity2 (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.74) and @entity3 in situ ( @entity4 ; RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.34-0.38) than @entity0 . Blacks had lower rates of @entity5 (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77-0.87) and @entity4 (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.98) than non-Hispanic whites, but higher rates of @entity2 (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.29-1.70). @entity1 IRs were higher in @entity0 and blacks aged <40 years. During 1992-2011, @entity5 IRs increased 2.9%/year, @entity2 IRs declined nonsignificantly, and @entity4 IRs increased 14.2%/year. @entity5 and @entity2 IR patterns and trends were similar across anal and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Rates of anal @entity5 and @entity4 have increased strongly over time, in contrast to rates of anal @entity2 , similar to trends observed for rectal @entity5 and @entity2 . IMPACT: Anal @entity5 and @entity2 likely have different etiologies, but may have similar etiologies to rectal @entity5 and @entity2 , respectively. Strong increases in @entity4 IRs over time may reflect @entity1 screening patterns. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1-9.   2015 AACR.

title: XXXX Incidence in the United States, 1977-2011: Distinct Patterns by Histology and Behavior.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess post- @entity2 surgery intermediate-term (>6 months) data of visual acuity (VA), surgical complications, refractive outcomes, quality of life (QOL) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from a non-governmental organization program in Indonesia. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study design. @entity0 were a selection of @entity0 who underwent @entity2 surgery by the John Fawcett Foundation between 2006 and 2011, with at least 6 months follow-up. @entity0 underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. QOL and @entity1 questionnaires were administered. RESULTS: From a total of 1557 invited to attend, 547 @entity0 participated; 99.8% of eyes had presenting VA <6/60. At day 1 postoperatively, 52.1% of @entity0 had a good outcome by World Health Organization criteria (unaided VA   >=    6/18). Six months or later postoperatively, 85% of eyes had best-corrected VA   >=    6/18 and 5.6% of eyes had best-corrected VA   <   3/60. At final follow-up, mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -2.35 diopters (standard deviation 1.75, n   =   542). On a scale of 1-100, median converted values for QOL were 25.0 preoperatively and 74.0 postoperatively, a statistically significant improvement (p   <   0.001). Of eyes with VA better than 3/60 on postoperative day 1, 5.7% (95% confidence interval 3.6-7.9%) became blind (VA   <   3/60) at the 6-month or later time point. CONCLUSION: @entity2 surgery in this population markedly improved QOL, despite a trend towards myopic refractive outcomes. These findings raise questions about biometric methodology, intraocular lens power calculations and refractive targets. Postoperative day 1 VA data may be a reasonable proxy of the intermediate-term rate of @entity3 .

title: Visual Acuity, Quality of Life and Visual Function Outcomes after XXXX Surgery in Bali.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 has been lethal in virtually all cases previously reported. We describe a series of 13 @entity0 treated with intensive chemotherapy, defined as the intention to include high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue. PROCEDURE: Induction chemotherapy generally included @entity7 , @entity5 or @entity9 , @entity4 , and @entity8 . Hematopoietic stem cells typically were harvested after the first or second cycle of induction chemotherapy, usually from peripheral blood. High-dose chemotherapy regimens were thiotepa-based (n = 7) or melphalan and @entity4 (n = 3). RESULTS: Trilateral sites were pineal (n = 11) and suprasellar (n = 2); 7 @entity0 had localized (M-0) disease and six had @entity10 (M-1+). Five @entity0 had @entity6 at original diagnosis of @entity6 ; eight later developed @entity1 at a median of 35 months (range 3-60 months) following diagnosis of @entity6 . One @entity0 died of @entity2 ( @entity3 and multi-organ system failure) during induction and three developed disease progression prior to high-dose chemotherapy. Nine @entity0 received high-dose chemotherapy at a median of 5 months (range 4-9) post-diagnosis of @entity1 . Five @entity0 survive event-free at a median of 77 months (range 36-104 months) and never received external beam radiation therapy. Four of seven @entity0 with M-0 disease survive event-free versus only one of six @entity0 with M-1+ disease. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive chemotherapy is potentially curative for some @entity0 with @entity6 , especially those with M-0 disease.

title: XXXX : potentially curable with intensive chemotherapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Amylose extender (ae(-)) starches characteristically have modified starch granule morphology resulting from amylopectin with reduced branch frequency and longer glucan chains in clusters, caused by the loss of activity of the major @entity1 ( @entity1 ), which in @entity3 endosperm is SBEIIb. A recent study with ae(-) @entity3 lacking the SBEIIb protein (termed ae1.1 herein) showed that novel protein-protein interactions between enzymes of starch biosynthesis in the amyloplast could explain the starch phenotype of the ae1.1 mutant. The present study examined an allelic variant of the ae(-) mutation, ae1.2, which expresses a catalytically inactive form of SBEIIb. The catalytically inactive SBEIIb in ae1.2 lacks a 28 @entity5 peptide ( @entity2 272-Pro299) and is unable to bind to amylopectin. Analysis of starch from ae1.2 revealed altered granule morphology and physicochemical characteristics distinct from those of the ae1.1 mutant as well as the wild-type, including altered apparent amylose content and gelatinization properties. Starch from ae1.2 had fewer intermediate length glucan chains (degree of polymerization 16-20) than ae1.1. Biochemical analysis of ae1.2 showed that there were differences in the organization and assembly of protein complexes of starch biosynthetic enzymes in comparison with ae1.1 (and wild-type) amyloplasts, which were also reflected in the composition of starch granule-bound proteins. The formation of stromal protein complexes in the wild-type and ae1.2 was strongly enhanced by @entity0 , and broken by phosphatase treatment, indicating a role for protein phosphorylation in their assembly. Labelling experiments with [y-(32)P]ATP showed that the inactive form of SBEIIb in ae1.2 was phosphorylated, both in the monomeric form and in association with starch synthase isoforms. Although the inactive SBEIIb was unable to bind starch directly, it was strongly associated with the starch granule, reinforcing the conclusion that its presence in the granules is a result of physical association with other enzymes of starch synthesis. In addition, an @entity4 -based affinity ligand, specific for phosphoproteins, was used to show that the granule-bound forms of SBEIIb in the wild-type and ae1.2 were phosphorylated, as was the granule-bound form of SBEI found in ae1.2 starch. The data strongly support the hypothesis that the complement of heteromeric complexes of proteins involved in amylopectin synthesis contributes to the fine structure and architecture of the starch granule.

title: Allelic variants of the amylose extender mutation of XXXX demonstrate phenotypic variation in starch structure resulting from modified protein-protein interactions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is an @entity5 with diverse clinical manifestation ranging from mild @entity1 to life-threatening @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In some @entity0 , it remains to persist in the skin-limited form while in others it evolves into @entity3 . Here comes the role of identifying the markers of systemic involvement, which could determine the course and prognosis of the disease. AIM: To identify those manifestations that could be used to identify the activity of the disease @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institution based, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out over 1 year period. Sixty @entity0 (male : female 1 : 4) with cutaneous @entity7 were recruited for the study. The @entity0 were classified in two groups depending on the presence or absence of ARA criteria of @entity3 . Detailed account of @entity7 -specific and nonspecific lesions were noted. Statistical significance of the results was compared between the two groups using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Among the different cutaneous manifestations, highly significant (P value <0.001) was found between @entity3 and nonscarring @entity8 , photosensitivity, oral @entity6 , @entity9 (in decreasing order of odds favoring the association with @entity3 ). @entity4 (P value=0.0326) also showed significant association where as discoid lesion (especially localized variant) predicted toward a skin limited form of the disease with high probability of not developing @entity3 (P value <0.0001). No significant association was found between @entity3 and @entity2 , @entity10 or scarring @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Identification of lesions with high degree of association with @entity3 can alert the physician of the unfavorable prognosis and allow timely intervention and institution of appropriate management strategies.

title: @entity4 in XXXX : a marker of systemic involvement.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is an @entity5 with diverse clinical manifestation ranging from mild @entity1 to life-threatening @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In some @entity0 , it remains to persist in the skin-limited form while in others it evolves into @entity3 . Here comes the role of identifying the markers of systemic involvement, which could determine the course and prognosis of the disease. AIM: To identify those manifestations that could be used to identify the activity of the disease @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institution based, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out over 1 year period. Sixty @entity0 (male : female 1 : 4) with cutaneous @entity7 were recruited for the study. The @entity0 were classified in two groups depending on the presence or absence of ARA criteria of @entity3 . Detailed account of @entity7 -specific and nonspecific lesions were noted. Statistical significance of the results was compared between the two groups using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Among the different cutaneous manifestations, highly significant (P value <0.001) was found between @entity3 and nonscarring @entity8 , photosensitivity, oral @entity6 , @entity9 (in decreasing order of odds favoring the association with @entity3 ). @entity4 (P value=0.0326) also showed significant association where as discoid lesion (especially localized variant) predicted toward a skin limited form of the disease with high probability of not developing @entity3 (P value <0.0001). No significant association was found between @entity3 and @entity2 , @entity10 or scarring @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Identification of lesions with high degree of association with @entity3 can alert the physician of the unfavorable prognosis and allow timely intervention and institution of appropriate management strategies.

title: XXXX in @entity7 : a marker of systemic involvement.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Aim of this study was to determine the causative agent and source of a large @entity2 outbreak occurred in a national financial center (CBIRI) in July 2003. A @entity0 definition was defined staff were interviewed in the clinic of the Bank and their information were collected by means of a standardized questionnaire. A total of 110 fecal specimens were collected within 48 h of symptom onset from 100 @entity0 with symptoms of @entity2 and 10 restaurant staff. The specimens were processed within 12 h to detect ova and parasites by direct microscopy and common bacteria by standard methods. The outbreak started on 22 July 2003 lasted 4 days. From a total of 1300 staff. 535 @entity0 experienced a severe @entity1 . None but one of tested fecal samples were positive for bacterial enteric pathogens. @entity3 B was isolated from the positive case. Definitive association between illness and isolated @entity3 B remained to be determined since it was isolated only from one case. There is a need, however, for increased awareness among both professionals and the public to implement appropriate prevention measures and monitoring of food and water.

title: An outbreak of XXXX of unknown origin in Tehran, July 2003.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates the adhesion of leucocytes to vessels endothelium, an important early step in the @entity6 process. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a highly atherogenic disease but it is unknown whether genetic polymorphism(s) in the @entity8 gene plays a role in the severity of @entity1 in this condition. Method. In this study, we tested whether the @entity9 variant in the @entity8 gene is linked to @entity7 in 134 well-characterized @entity4 @entity0 . The frequency of this polymorphism was also measured in a population sample of the same geographical area. RESULTS: A total of 84% @entity0 had the CC genotype, 13% had the CT genotype, 3% had the TT genotype and this distribution did not differ from that in the control population. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (P = 0.01) and cross-sectional area (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in @entity0 with the T-allele than in those without this allele. Furthermore, the degree of @entity5 was significantly higher (P = 0.02) in @entity0 with T-allele than in CC @entity0 . On multivariate analyses including the traditional and non-traditional risk factors, the @entity9 polymorphism was confirmed as an independent correlate of @entity3 (P = 0.02), cross-sectional area (P = 0.03) and @entity5 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In @entity4 , the @entity9 polymorphism of @entity8 gene is associated with the severity of @entity7 , suggesting that genetically-determined alterations in the @entity8 molecule may render @entity4 @entity0 with this gene variant particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of @entity2 on the arterial wall.

title: The @entity8 gene polymorphism and XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates the adhesion of leucocytes to vessels endothelium, an important early step in the @entity6 process. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a highly atherogenic disease but it is unknown whether genetic polymorphism(s) in the @entity8 gene plays a role in the severity of @entity1 in this condition. Method. In this study, we tested whether the @entity9 variant in the @entity8 gene is linked to @entity7 in 134 well-characterized @entity4 @entity0 . The frequency of this polymorphism was also measured in a population sample of the same geographical area. RESULTS: A total of 84% @entity0 had the CC genotype, 13% had the CT genotype, 3% had the TT genotype and this distribution did not differ from that in the control population. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (P = 0.01) and cross-sectional area (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in @entity0 with the T-allele than in those without this allele. Furthermore, the degree of @entity5 was significantly higher (P = 0.02) in @entity0 with T-allele than in CC @entity0 . On multivariate analyses including the traditional and non-traditional risk factors, the @entity9 polymorphism was confirmed as an independent correlate of @entity3 (P = 0.02), cross-sectional area (P = 0.03) and @entity5 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In @entity4 , the @entity9 polymorphism of @entity8 gene is associated with the severity of @entity7 , suggesting that genetically-determined alterations in the @entity8 molecule may render @entity4 @entity0 with this gene variant particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of @entity2 on the arterial wall.

title: The @entity8 gene polymorphism and @entity7 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates the adhesion of leucocytes to vessels endothelium, an important early step in the @entity6 process. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a highly atherogenic disease but it is unknown whether genetic polymorphism(s) in the @entity8 gene plays a role in the severity of @entity1 in this condition. Method. In this study, we tested whether the @entity9 variant in the @entity8 gene is linked to @entity7 in 134 well-characterized @entity4 @entity0 . The frequency of this polymorphism was also measured in a population sample of the same geographical area. RESULTS: A total of 84% @entity0 had the CC genotype, 13% had the CT genotype, 3% had the TT genotype and this distribution did not differ from that in the control population. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (P = 0.01) and cross-sectional area (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in @entity0 with the T-allele than in those without this allele. Furthermore, the degree of @entity5 was significantly higher (P = 0.02) in @entity0 with T-allele than in CC @entity0 . On multivariate analyses including the traditional and non-traditional risk factors, the @entity9 polymorphism was confirmed as an independent correlate of @entity3 (P = 0.02), cross-sectional area (P = 0.03) and @entity5 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In @entity4 , the @entity9 polymorphism of @entity8 gene is associated with the severity of @entity7 , suggesting that genetically-determined alterations in the @entity8 molecule may render @entity4 @entity0 with this gene variant particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of @entity2 on the arterial wall.

title: The XXXX gene polymorphism and @entity7 in @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The filamentous cyanobacterium @entity1 fixes dinitrogen facultatively. Upon depletion of combined @entity0 , about 10% of vegetative cells within the filaments differentiate terminally into @entity0 -fixing cells. The heterocyst has been studied as a model system of prokaryotic cell differentiation, with major focus on signal transduction and pattern formation. The fate of heterocyst differentiation is determined at about the eighth hour of induction (point of no return), well before conspicuous morphological or metabolic changes occur. However, little is known about how the initial heterocysts are selected after the induction by @entity0 deprivation. To address this question, we followed the fate of every cells on agar plates after @entity0 deprivation with an interval of 4 h. About 10% of heterocysts were formed without prior division after the start of @entity0 deprivation. The intensity of fluorescence of GFP in the transformants of hetR-gfp increased markedly in the future heterocysts at the fourth hour with respect to other cells. We also noted that the growing filaments consisted of clusters of four consecutive cells that we call quartets. About 75% of initial heterocysts originated from either of the two outer cells of quartets at the start of @entity0 deprivation. These results suggest that the future heterocysts are loosely selected at early times after the start of @entity0 deprivation, before the commitment. Such early candidacy could be explained by different properties of the outer and inner cells of a quartet, but the molecular nature of candidacy remains to be uncovered.

title: Early candidacy for differentiation into heterocysts in the filamentous cyanobacterium XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and @entity9 (I/R) is the major cause of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with high mortality rates. Because alternative therapies are needed, we investigated the use of stem cell therapy to modulate @entity2 in a renal I/R model. METHODS: To study kidney I/R injury, we clamped bilateral pedicles for 60 minutes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which had been isolated and cultivated in plastic flasks, were administered to @entity1 6 hours after injury. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity4 mRNAs. Proliferative nuclear cell antigen ( @entity8 ) was used to calculate tubular regeneration. RESULTS: Administration of MSC attenuated @entity0 ; serum @entity6 and plasma @entity7 levels were significantly reduced 24 hours after reperfusion. @entity8 immunohistochemistry showed that regeneration occurred faster in renal tissues of animals that received MSC than in tissues of control animals. Analyses of cytokine expression in renal tissue demonstrated a greater level of anti-inflammatory cytokines in MSC-treated animals. CONCLUSION: These results showed an antiinflammatory pattern in MSC-treated animals, demonstrating the potential of MSC to modulate I/R, leading to earlier regeneration of damaged renal tissue.

title: Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate tissue damages triggered by XXXX and @entity9 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and @entity9 (I/R) is the major cause of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with high mortality rates. Because alternative therapies are needed, we investigated the use of stem cell therapy to modulate @entity2 in a renal I/R model. METHODS: To study kidney I/R injury, we clamped bilateral pedicles for 60 minutes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which had been isolated and cultivated in plastic flasks, were administered to @entity1 6 hours after injury. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity4 mRNAs. Proliferative nuclear cell antigen ( @entity8 ) was used to calculate tubular regeneration. RESULTS: Administration of MSC attenuated @entity0 ; serum @entity6 and plasma @entity7 levels were significantly reduced 24 hours after reperfusion. @entity8 immunohistochemistry showed that regeneration occurred faster in renal tissues of animals that received MSC than in tissues of control animals. Analyses of cytokine expression in renal tissue demonstrated a greater level of anti-inflammatory cytokines in MSC-treated animals. CONCLUSION: These results showed an antiinflammatory pattern in MSC-treated animals, demonstrating the potential of MSC to modulate I/R, leading to earlier regeneration of damaged renal tissue.

title: Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate tissue damages triggered by @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity3 is a complex phenomenon involving not only intracellular injury processes but also an injurious inflammatory response. Both the intracellular injury processes and the injurious events of the inflammatory response are interconnected in pathogenetic networks. @entity1 predominates in the @entity0 phase. The decreased mitochondrial @entity2 generation impairs cellular ion homeostasis with activation of hydrolases and loss of selective permeability of cell membranes. Upon resupply of blood, the inflammatory response is initiated. Resident cells of the affected tissue, blood-derived cells, and noncellular elements such as the complement system are activated, and signalling and other molecules are formed at altered rates. @entity1 occurring in the reperfusion phase may either be a consequence of cellular alterations that were already initiated in the @entity0 phase or may result from the inflammatory response. The intracellular injurious alterations are in part the same as those involved in @entity1 . In addition, activation of intracellular signalling cascades and of apoptotic pathways may take place. Except for a large decrease in their rates, no significant difference exists between the injury processes during warm and cold @entity0 as they become evident during @entity0 itself. In contrast, the injury processes of the inflammatory response and of cell injury in the reperfusion phase significantly vary depending on pre-existent warm versus cold @entity0 . Because of the netlike characteristics of the pathomechanisms, a multifactorial approach is required to provide protection against @entity0 -reperfusion injury.

title: XXXX : processes in pathogenetic networks: a review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A functional intracellular transport system is essential to maintain cell shape and function especially in elongated cells, e.g. neurons and lens fibre cells. Impaired intracellular transport has been suggested as a common pathological mechanism for age-related diseases characterised by @entity3 . Here, we hypothesise that common genetic variation in the transport protein kinesin may influence the risk of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and age-related @entity2 . This case-control study involves a @entity0 material (165 cases and 190 controls), an @entity1 material (653 cases and 845 controls) and a @entity2 material (495 cases and 183 controls). Genetic variation in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was tagged by six tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Single SNPs and haplotypes were analysed for associations with disease risk, age parameters, mini-mental state examination scores and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for @entity1 using logistic or linear regression. Genetic variation in @entity4 did not influence risk of @entity0 . Weak associations with risk of @entity1 were seen for @entity5 and @entity6 (P (c) = 0.04 and P (c) = 0.02, respectively). Two SNPs ( @entity5 and @entity7 ) influenced risk of @entity2 (P (c) = 0.0007 and P (c) = 0.04, respectively). However, the allele of @entity5 that caused increased risk of @entity1 caused reduced risk of @entity2 , speaking against a common functional effect of this particular SNP in the two diseases. Haplotype analyses did not add significantly to the associations found in the single SNP analyses. Altogether, these results do not convincingly support @entity4 as a major susceptibility gene in any of the studied diseases, although there is a small effect of @entity4 in relation to @entity2 .

title: XXXX gene haplotypes in three conformational diseases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our article was to describe the spectrum and frequency of @entity1 on CT in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the pleural findings associated with different types of pleurodesis (talc, mechanical, and chemical) performed to treat the complications of @entity1 in these @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred fifty-eight @entity0 with @entity3 underwent CT of the chest. @entity1 assessed included @entity1 , presence of a pleural mass, areas of high attenuation, effusion, and pneumothorax. In @entity0 who had had pleurodesis, the CT findings were correlated with the type of procedure performed. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three (52%) of 258 @entity0 had pleurodesis (unilateral, 68/133; bilateral, 65/133). @entity1 were more common in @entity0 who had pleurodesis (101/133, 76%) than in those who had not (47/125, 38%) and were more prevalent on the operated side than on the unoperated side of those 68 @entity0 who had unilateral pleurodesis. The frequencies of findings for the group without pleurodesis versus the group with pleurodesis were @entity1 (26% vs 65%), effusion (10% vs 13%), loculated effusion (2.4% vs 11%), pneumothorax (1.6% vs 10%), areas of high attenuation (1.6% vs 23%), and mass (0.8% vs 14%), respectively. Areas of high attenuation in the pleura were present in all types of pleurodesis (mechanical, 8%; chemical, 13%; talc, 40%) and in two @entity0 who had had repeated thoracentesis or pleurectomy. Pleural masses were present in @entity0 who had had all types of pleurodesis (mechanical, 10%; chemical, 9%; talc, 24%) and in one @entity0 who had had thoracentesis and thoracostomy; the masses commonly enhanced and did not change in size over time. CONCLUSION: @entity1 are common in @entity0 with @entity3 as complications of the disease itself and as sequelae of pleurodesis and other @entity4 . Pneumothorax and @entity2 result from the underlying pathophysiology of @entity3 , whereas areas of high attenuation and masses develop after all types of pleurodesis and other manipulations of the pleura (i.e., thoracentesis, thoracostomy).

title: CT of @entity1 in XXXX and comparison of pleural findings after different types of pleurodesis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our article was to describe the spectrum and frequency of @entity1 on CT in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the pleural findings associated with different types of pleurodesis (talc, mechanical, and chemical) performed to treat the complications of @entity1 in these @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred fifty-eight @entity0 with @entity3 underwent CT of the chest. @entity1 assessed included @entity1 , presence of a pleural mass, areas of high attenuation, effusion, and pneumothorax. In @entity0 who had had pleurodesis, the CT findings were correlated with the type of procedure performed. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three (52%) of 258 @entity0 had pleurodesis (unilateral, 68/133; bilateral, 65/133). @entity1 were more common in @entity0 who had pleurodesis (101/133, 76%) than in those who had not (47/125, 38%) and were more prevalent on the operated side than on the unoperated side of those 68 @entity0 who had unilateral pleurodesis. The frequencies of findings for the group without pleurodesis versus the group with pleurodesis were @entity1 (26% vs 65%), effusion (10% vs 13%), loculated effusion (2.4% vs 11%), pneumothorax (1.6% vs 10%), areas of high attenuation (1.6% vs 23%), and mass (0.8% vs 14%), respectively. Areas of high attenuation in the pleura were present in all types of pleurodesis (mechanical, 8%; chemical, 13%; talc, 40%) and in two @entity0 who had had repeated thoracentesis or pleurectomy. Pleural masses were present in @entity0 who had had all types of pleurodesis (mechanical, 10%; chemical, 9%; talc, 24%) and in one @entity0 who had had thoracentesis and thoracostomy; the masses commonly enhanced and did not change in size over time. CONCLUSION: @entity1 are common in @entity0 with @entity3 as complications of the disease itself and as sequelae of pleurodesis and other @entity4 . Pneumothorax and @entity2 result from the underlying pathophysiology of @entity3 , whereas areas of high attenuation and masses develop after all types of pleurodesis and other manipulations of the pleura (i.e., thoracentesis, thoracostomy).

title: CT of XXXX in @entity3 and comparison of pleural findings after different types of pleurodesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the ideal number of @entity3 to be measured to assess disease response in @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy for @entity4 metastases to the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity0 were recruited for this study. @entity0 were part of a multisite, randomized, double-arm, phase 3 clinical trial involving chemotherapy with an investigational drug for metastatic @entity4 . @entity0 were recruited from U.S. and international sites. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from all @entity0 . Our study included CT measurements of hepatic metastases. All @entity0 (n = 30) had a minimum of five @entity3 in the liver. @entity3 size was defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity1 (RECIST) criteria. We calculated the @entity0 response at 2 months and at 6 months (complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease) using RECIST. @entity0 response was calculated based on the percentage increase or decrease at 2 and 6 months in the greatest diameter of the single largest lesion, two large lesions, three large lesions, four lesions, and five lesions, respectively. The concordance between five-target-lesion measurement and lesser numbers of lesions was analyzed using kappa statistics (StatView, 5.0). RESULTS: In 93.33% of @entity0 (n = 28/30), there was agreement on @entity0 response irrespective of the number of measurements made on CT. Of these 30 @entity0 , 47% had a partial response (n = 14/30), 43% had stable disease (n = 13/30), and 10% had progressive disease at 2 months (n = 3/30). At 6 months, 43% had a partial response (n = 13/30), 47% had stable disease (n = 14/30), and 10% had progressive disease (n = 3/30). Agreement in response evaluation between lesion groups for multiple measurements was high, with values of 1.0 for multiple-lesion measurements and 0.88 for single-lesion measurements at 2 months. The concordance values were the same at 6 months. CONCLUSION: In the majority of @entity0 with hepatic metastases of @entity2 , measuring the maximal diameter of the single largest lesion yielded the same treatment-response classification as measuring up to five @entity3 . This result suggests that it may be possible to reduce the number of lesions measured in clinical trials.

title: CT of XXXX metastases to the liver using modified RECIST criteria: determining the ideal number of @entity3 to measure.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the ideal number of @entity3 to be measured to assess disease response in @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy for @entity4 metastases to the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity0 were recruited for this study. @entity0 were part of a multisite, randomized, double-arm, phase 3 clinical trial involving chemotherapy with an investigational drug for metastatic @entity4 . @entity0 were recruited from U.S. and international sites. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from all @entity0 . Our study included CT measurements of hepatic metastases. All @entity0 (n = 30) had a minimum of five @entity3 in the liver. @entity3 size was defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity1 (RECIST) criteria. We calculated the @entity0 response at 2 months and at 6 months (complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease) using RECIST. @entity0 response was calculated based on the percentage increase or decrease at 2 and 6 months in the greatest diameter of the single largest lesion, two large lesions, three large lesions, four lesions, and five lesions, respectively. The concordance between five-target-lesion measurement and lesser numbers of lesions was analyzed using kappa statistics (StatView, 5.0). RESULTS: In 93.33% of @entity0 (n = 28/30), there was agreement on @entity0 response irrespective of the number of measurements made on CT. Of these 30 @entity0 , 47% had a partial response (n = 14/30), 43% had stable disease (n = 13/30), and 10% had progressive disease at 2 months (n = 3/30). At 6 months, 43% had a partial response (n = 13/30), 47% had stable disease (n = 14/30), and 10% had progressive disease (n = 3/30). Agreement in response evaluation between lesion groups for multiple measurements was high, with values of 1.0 for multiple-lesion measurements and 0.88 for single-lesion measurements at 2 months. The concordance values were the same at 6 months. CONCLUSION: In the majority of @entity0 with hepatic metastases of @entity2 , measuring the maximal diameter of the single largest lesion yielded the same treatment-response classification as measuring up to five @entity3 . This result suggests that it may be possible to reduce the number of lesions measured in clinical trials.

title: CT of @entity4 metastases to the liver using modified RECIST criteria: determining the ideal number of XXXX to measure.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We used an ABA renewal design to study the neural correlates, and role of D1 @entity2 receptors, in contextual control over extinguished @entity1 -seeking. @entity0 were trained to respond for 4% beer in one context (A), extinguished in a different (B) context, and then tested for responding in the original training context (A) or the extinction context (B). ABA renewal was mediated by D1 @entity2 receptors because it was prevented by @entity5 . ABA renewal of @entity1 -seeking was associated with selective increases in @entity4 protein induction in basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus (renewal-associated @entity4 ). By contrast, being tested was associated with increased @entity4 induction in anterior cingulate, prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, rostral agranular insula, dorsomedial accumbens shell, and accumbens core (test-associated @entity4 ). Renewal-associated @entity4 in ventral accumbens shell and lateral hypothalamus, but not basolateral amygdala, was D1 @entity2 receptor dependent. Double immunofluorescence showed that renewal-associated @entity4 was expressed in orexin-negative @entity3 neurons. However, @entity4 induction in either @entity3 orexin-negative or orexin-positive neurons was positively and significantly correlated with @entity1 -seeking. Test-associated @entity4 induction was observed in orexin-positive perifornical neurons. In both regions, @entity4 expression was dependent on D1 @entity2 receptors. These results suggest that renewal of extinguished @entity1 -seeking depends on a distributed neural circuit involving basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus that involves D1 @entity2 receptors. Comparison with our previous results [Hamlin AS, Blatchford KE, McNally GP (2006) Renewal of an extinguished instrumental response: Neural correlates and the role of D1 @entity2 receptors. Neuroscience 143:25-38] permits identification of similarities and differences in the correlates of renewal of extinguished drug- and natural-reward seeking.

title: The neural correlates and role of D1 XXXX receptors in renewal of extinguished @entity1 -seeking.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We used an ABA renewal design to study the neural correlates, and role of D1 @entity2 receptors, in contextual control over extinguished @entity1 -seeking. @entity0 were trained to respond for 4% beer in one context (A), extinguished in a different (B) context, and then tested for responding in the original training context (A) or the extinction context (B). ABA renewal was mediated by D1 @entity2 receptors because it was prevented by @entity5 . ABA renewal of @entity1 -seeking was associated with selective increases in @entity4 protein induction in basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus (renewal-associated @entity4 ). By contrast, being tested was associated with increased @entity4 induction in anterior cingulate, prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, rostral agranular insula, dorsomedial accumbens shell, and accumbens core (test-associated @entity4 ). Renewal-associated @entity4 in ventral accumbens shell and lateral hypothalamus, but not basolateral amygdala, was D1 @entity2 receptor dependent. Double immunofluorescence showed that renewal-associated @entity4 was expressed in orexin-negative @entity3 neurons. However, @entity4 induction in either @entity3 orexin-negative or orexin-positive neurons was positively and significantly correlated with @entity1 -seeking. Test-associated @entity4 induction was observed in orexin-positive perifornical neurons. In both regions, @entity4 expression was dependent on D1 @entity2 receptors. These results suggest that renewal of extinguished @entity1 -seeking depends on a distributed neural circuit involving basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus that involves D1 @entity2 receptors. Comparison with our previous results [Hamlin AS, Blatchford KE, McNally GP (2006) Renewal of an extinguished instrumental response: Neural correlates and the role of D1 @entity2 receptors. Neuroscience 143:25-38] permits identification of similarities and differences in the correlates of renewal of extinguished drug- and natural-reward seeking.

title: The neural correlates and role of D1 @entity2 receptors in renewal of extinguished XXXX -seeking.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: @entity0 with normal MR imaging (nonlesional) findings and medically refractory @entity1 make up a disproportionate number of nonexcellent outcomes after @entity1 surgery. In this paper, the authors investigated the usefulness of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in the identification of surgical candidates. METHODS: Between 1992 and 2002, 51 consecutive @entity0 with normal MR imaging findings and @entity1 underwent intracranial electrode monitoring. The implantation of intracranial electrodes was determined by @entity2 semiology, interictal and ictal scalp EEG, SPECT, and in some @entity0 PET studies. The demographics of @entity0 at the time of surgery, lobar localization of electrode implantation, duration of follow-up, and Engel outcome score were abstracted from the Mayo Rochester Epilepsy Surgery Database. A blinded independent review of the iEEG records was conducted for this study. RESULTS: Thirty-one (61%) of the 51 @entity0 who underwent iEEG ultimately underwent resection for their @entity1 . For 28 (90.3%) of the 31 @entity0 who had @entity1 surgery, adequate information regarding follow-up (> 1 year), @entity2 frequency, and iEEG recordings was available. Twenty-six (92.9%) of 28 @entity0 had frontal lobe resections, and 2 had parietal lobe resections. The most common iEEG pattern at @entity2 onset in the surgically treated group was a focal high-frequency discharge (in 15 [53.6%] of 28 @entity0 ). Ten (35.7%) of the 28 surgically treated @entity0 were @entity2 free. Fourteen (50%) had Engel Class I outcomes, and overall, 17 (60.7%) had significant improvement (Engel Class I and IIAB with > or =80% @entity2 reduction). Focal high-frequency oscillation at @entity2 onset was associated with Engel Class I surgical outcome (12 [85.7%] of 14 @entity0 , p = 0.02), and it was uncommon in the nonexcellent outcome group (3 [21.4%] of 14 @entity0 ). CONCLUSIONS: A focal high-frequency oscillation (> 20 Hz) at @entity2 onset on iEEG may identify @entity0 with nonlesional @entity1 who are likely to have an Engel Class I outcome after @entity1 surgery. The prospect of excellent outcome in nonlesional extratemporal lobe @entity1 prior to intracranial monitoring is poor (14 [27.5%] of 51 @entity0 ). However, iEEG can further stratify @entity0 and help identify those with a greater likelihood of Engel Class I outcome after surgery.

title: Intracranial electroencephalography XXXX onset patterns and surgical outcomes in nonlesional @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECT: @entity0 with normal MR imaging (nonlesional) findings and medically refractory @entity1 make up a disproportionate number of nonexcellent outcomes after @entity1 surgery. In this paper, the authors investigated the usefulness of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in the identification of surgical candidates. METHODS: Between 1992 and 2002, 51 consecutive @entity0 with normal MR imaging findings and @entity1 underwent intracranial electrode monitoring. The implantation of intracranial electrodes was determined by @entity2 semiology, interictal and ictal scalp EEG, SPECT, and in some @entity0 PET studies. The demographics of @entity0 at the time of surgery, lobar localization of electrode implantation, duration of follow-up, and Engel outcome score were abstracted from the Mayo Rochester Epilepsy Surgery Database. A blinded independent review of the iEEG records was conducted for this study. RESULTS: Thirty-one (61%) of the 51 @entity0 who underwent iEEG ultimately underwent resection for their @entity1 . For 28 (90.3%) of the 31 @entity0 who had @entity1 surgery, adequate information regarding follow-up (> 1 year), @entity2 frequency, and iEEG recordings was available. Twenty-six (92.9%) of 28 @entity0 had frontal lobe resections, and 2 had parietal lobe resections. The most common iEEG pattern at @entity2 onset in the surgically treated group was a focal high-frequency discharge (in 15 [53.6%] of 28 @entity0 ). Ten (35.7%) of the 28 surgically treated @entity0 were @entity2 free. Fourteen (50%) had Engel Class I outcomes, and overall, 17 (60.7%) had significant improvement (Engel Class I and IIAB with > or =80% @entity2 reduction). Focal high-frequency oscillation at @entity2 onset was associated with Engel Class I surgical outcome (12 [85.7%] of 14 @entity0 , p = 0.02), and it was uncommon in the nonexcellent outcome group (3 [21.4%] of 14 @entity0 ). CONCLUSIONS: A focal high-frequency oscillation (> 20 Hz) at @entity2 onset on iEEG may identify @entity0 with nonlesional @entity1 who are likely to have an Engel Class I outcome after @entity1 surgery. The prospect of excellent outcome in nonlesional extratemporal lobe @entity1 prior to intracranial monitoring is poor (14 [27.5%] of 51 @entity0 ). However, iEEG can further stratify @entity0 and help identify those with a greater likelihood of Engel Class I outcome after surgery.

title: Intracranial electroencephalography @entity2 onset patterns and surgical outcomes in nonlesional XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (FAEs) offer an effective alternative to @entity0 with @entity2 in whom other systemic agents are contraindicated or have failed. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy and side effect profile of FAEs in a group of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on @entity0 treated with FAEs over 21 months. Information was gathered from @entity0 ' notes. Dosage, response and side effects were recorded. RESULTS: In total, 31 @entity0 were included. The mean age was 46.8 years. All @entity0 had been treated with other modalities and 61.5% had received previous systemic treatment. There was good to excellent response in 58.6% of @entity0 . Subjective side-effects were common (87.1%), and @entity3 occurred in 61.3%. The drug was not tolerated by one-fifth of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The relatively low @entity1 and absence of hepatotoxicity makes FAEs a reasonable first-line systemic treatment in selected @entity0 with difficult @entity2 .

title: @entity4 in the management of severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (FAEs) offer an effective alternative to @entity0 with @entity2 in whom other systemic agents are contraindicated or have failed. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy and side effect profile of FAEs in a group of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on @entity0 treated with FAEs over 21 months. Information was gathered from @entity0 ' notes. Dosage, response and side effects were recorded. RESULTS: In total, 31 @entity0 were included. The mean age was 46.8 years. All @entity0 had been treated with other modalities and 61.5% had received previous systemic treatment. There was good to excellent response in 58.6% of @entity0 . Subjective side-effects were common (87.1%), and @entity3 occurred in 61.3%. The drug was not tolerated by one-fifth of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The relatively low @entity1 and absence of hepatotoxicity makes FAEs a reasonable first-line systemic treatment in selected @entity0 with difficult @entity2 .

title: XXXX in the management of severe @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) showing transient @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and deteriorated retinal function after intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB). METHODS AND RESULTS: A 53-year-old @entity0 received IVB (1.25 mg/0.05 ml) in both eyes for the treatment of @entity1 . There was no treatment-related complication. However, he complained of photopsia in both eyes 6 h after the injection. Slit-lamp examination revealed mild cellular infiltrations (1+) in the anterior chamber in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed @entity3 formation in the left eye. Both full-field and multifocal electroretinography (ERG) revealed the deterioration of all parameters in both eyes compared with pretreatment. The @entity2 in the anterior segment and @entity3 disappeared 1 day after the injection. ERG parameters were improved 9 days after the injection, except for the N1 and P1 amplitude of multifocal ERG in the left eye. CONCLUSION: We propose that @entity0 who undergo IVB should be carefully informed and followed up for possible complications including @entity4 .

title: Macular edema formation and deterioration of retinal function after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Whereas @entity1 are known to be detectable long before the typical symptoms of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are evident, previous studies have failed to determine when cognitive functioning actually begins to decline before @entity3 . Utilizing the long follow-up of the PAQUID study, we examined the emergence of the first clinical symptoms over a 14-year period of follow-up before the @entity3 phase of @entity2 . METHODS: This study relies on a case-control sample selected from the PAQUID cohort. Of the 3,777 initial subjects of the cohort, 350 subjects experienced development of @entity2 during the 14 years of follow-up. The cases were matched to 350 elderly control subjects. The evolution of scores on cognitive, functional, and @entity4 scales was described throughout the 14-year follow-up using a semiparametric extension of the mixed-effects linear model. RESULTS: The first decline in cognitive performances appeared as early as 12 years before @entity3 in measures of semantic memory and conceptual formation. Then, more @entity0 appeared that were concomitant with an @entity5 and @entity4 . About 2 years later, as a consequence of @entity1 , the subjects started to become slightly dependent in their activities of daily living. In the last 3 years, the impairment significantly worsened until the subjects reached the @entity3 phase. INTERPRETATION: This approach, describing the 14 years preceding @entity3 , provides a clear illustration of the particularly long and progressive prodromal phase of @entity2 , and shows the successive emergence of @entity1 , @entity4 , and functional impairment during this phase.

title: Prodromal XXXX : successive emergence of the clinical symptoms.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variation in @entity2 , reported @entity1 , care seeking, antimalarials obtained and household expenditure by socio-economic status (SES), and to assess the implications for ensuring equitable and appropriate use of antimalarial combination therapy. METHODS: A total of 2,500 households were surveyed in three rural districts in southern Tanzania in mid-2001. Blood samples and data on SES were collected from all households. Half the households completed a detailed questionnaire on care seeking and treatment costs. Households were categorised into SES thirds based on an index of household wealth derived using principal components analysis. RESULTS: Of individuals completing the detailed survey, 16% reported a @entity1 episode in the previous 2 weeks. @entity0 from the better-off stratum were significantly less likely to be parasitaemic, and significantly more likely to obtain antimalarials than those in the middle or poor stratum. The better treatment obtained by the better off led them to spend two to three times more than the middle and poor third spent. This reflected greater use of non-governmental organisation (NGO) facilities, which were the most expensive source of care, and higher expenditure at NGO facilities and drug stores. CONCLUSION: The coverage of appropriate @entity2 treatment was low in all SES groups, but the two poorer groups were particularly disadvantaged. As countries switch to antimalarial combination therapy, distribution must be targeted to ensure that the poorest groups fully benefit from these new and highly effective medicines.

title: Fever treatment and household wealth: the challenge posed for rolling out combination therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether access to high-quality @entity1 care is affected by the age or gender of the @entity0 or by weekend admission. DESIGN: Data were collected as part of the National Sentinel Audit of @entity1 in 2004, both on the organisation of in- @entity0 @entity1 care and the process of care to hospitals managing @entity1 @entity0 . SETTING: Two hundred and forty-six hospitals from England, Wales and Northern Ireland took part in the 2004 National @entity1 Audit, a response rate of 100%. These sites audited te care of 8,718 @entity0 . AUDIT TOOL: Royal College of Physicians Intercollegiate Working Party @entity1 Audit Tool. RESULTS: Overall standards of care for cases of @entity1 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are low. Older @entity0 are less likely to be treated in a @entity1 unit than younger @entity0 (risk ratio comparing 85 + years with those <65 years 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.90). Seventy-one per cent of @entity0 under 65 years were scanned within 24 h compared to 51% aged over 85 years. Older @entity0 were also less likely than younger ones to receive secondary prevention and some aspects of rehabilitation, especially around higher functioning. Standards were consistently better for @entity0 of all ages managed in @entity1 units compared to general wards. At weekends, @entity0 were less likely to be admitted directly to a @entity1 unit (risk ratio 0.77 95% CI 0.69-0.86) and brain imaging was performed less often for older (85 + years) @entity0 (weekday 56%, weekend 40%). There was little evidence of differences in standards of care between males and females. CONCLUSION: There is clear evidence of an age effect on the delivery of @entity1 care in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, with older @entity0 being less likely to receive care in line with current clinical guidelines. Quality of acute care is also less good for @entity0 admitted at weekends. No systematic evidence for sexism was identified.

title: Access to XXXX care in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: the effect of age, gender and weekend admission.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is one of the most common diseases worldwide. In developed countries, viruses, particularly noroviruses, are recognized as the leading cause. In The Netherlands, the surveillance of @entity3 outbreaks with suspected viral etiologies (as determined by Kaplan criteria) was established by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in 1994. This paper presents an overview of @entity2 outbreaks reported from 1994 through 2005. A minimum epidemiological data set consisting of the associated setting(s), the probable transmission mode, the date of the first illness and the date of sampling, the number of @entity0 affected, and the number of hospitalizations was requested for each reported outbreak. Stool samples were tested for the presence of norovirus, sapovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and @entity4 by electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and/or reverse transcription-PCR. A total of 6,707 stool samples from 941 @entity3 outbreaks were investigated. Noroviruses were detected as the causative agent in 735 (78.1%) of the outbreaks, and rotaviruses, adenoviruses, and astroviruses were found to be responsible for 46 (4.9%), 9 (1.0%), and 5 (0.5%) outbreaks, respectively. Among the @entity3 outbreaks in which a mode of transmission was identified, most outbreaks (38.1%) were associated with @entity0 -to- @entity0 transmission, and the majority (54.9%) of the outbreaks investigated were reported by residential institutions. Since 2002, the total number of outbreaks reported and the number of unexplained outbreaks have increased. Furthermore, the number of rotavirus-associated outbreaks has increased, especially in nursing homes. Despite thorough testing, 115 (12.2%) outbreaks suspected of having viral etiologies remain unexplained. Increases in numbers of reported outbreaks may indicate undefined changes in the criteria for reporting or the emergence of new pathogens.

title: Etiological role of viruses in outbreaks of acute XXXX in The Netherlands from 1994 through 2005.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 is a disease caused by the consumption of mustard oil contaminated with argemone oil (AO). During 1998 dropsy in New Delhi, which is so far the largest with more than 3000 victims and over 60 deaths, it was enquired at various scientific and regulatory meetings about the maximum tolerated dose of AO. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the safety levels of AO in @entity2 . Animals were given AO in diet at a dose of 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% daily for 90 days and the two control groups received the standard diet with and without 1% mustard oil. A decrease in body @entity7 (28-31%) was observed in 0.5% and 1% AO groups; while significant increases in relative lungs and liver weight was noticed in respective doses of 0.01% and 0.1% AO groups as well as in higher dosage animals. Reduction in RBC count and hemoglobin content (p<0.05) was noticed in 0.01% and 0.1% AO exposed animals. This effect was more pronounced in higher AO doses. Serum marker enzymes including @entity5 transaminase (ALT), @entity4 transaminase (AST), @entity6 dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found to be significantly elevated in 0.01-1% AO groups. Further, a decrease in albumin/globulin ratio (42-78%) was observed in the serum of 0.01% to higher AO dose groups. The levels of serum @entity8 and VLDL @entity3 were found to be enhanced (p<0.05) in AO treated (0.01-1.0%) animals. Histopathological changes in lung were observed at 0.01% dose of AO while liver, kidney and heart produced changes at 0.1% AO and above doses. None of the parameters were found to be affected in 0.001% AO treated animals. These results suggest that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose of AO is 0.001% in @entity2 and considering a factor of 100 for @entity0 for highly toxic compound, the safe limit of 0.00001% (100 ppb or 100 ng AO/g oil) AO can be implicated which shall contain only 0.55% of @entity9 equivalent to 0.6 ng @entity9 per gram oil. However, the minimum detectable limit of AO is 5 ppm (equivalent to 5 microg @entity9 per gram oil) with the present existing HPLC method, thereby suggesting that mustard oil should be absolutely free from AO contamination.

title: Safety evaluation studies on argemone oil through dietary exposure for 90days in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 is a foodborne pathogen found in a wide variety of environments. Subtype characterization of @entity1 isolates from listeriosis outbreaks that have occurred over the last three decades has suggested that a number of outbreaks were caused by a small number of @entity1 epidemic clones (ECs). In this study we compared the prevalence, ecology, and phylogenetic position of outbreak-associated isolates and non-outbreak-associated isolates to probe the evolutionary and ecological characteristics of outbreak-associated @entity1 subtypes, including those representing previously described ECs. METHODS: Multilocus sequence typing data for isolates from 15 listeriosis outbreaks in Europe and North America were generated and compared, using a phylogenetic framework, with 180 isolates representing a local sampling of diverse sources, including @entity0 sporadic cases. RESULTS: Isolates from 15 listeriosis outbreaks represented eight @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity2 corresponding to previously designated ECI ( @entity4 and @entity3 ) and ECIa (ST29) represented isolates from eight outbreaks. ST17 (corresponding to ECII) was involved in two outbreaks in the United States (1998 and 2002). No other @entity2 were involved in multiple outbreaks. While @entity4 was the most common ST among sporadic @entity0 cases and non- @entity0 listeriosis-related isolates, ST29 was rare among non- @entity0 listeriosis-related isolates and was significantly overrepresented among isolates from @entity0 listeriosis outbreaks and sporadic cases as compared to isolates from other sources in our local sampling. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 associated with outbreaks (and representing previously designated ECs) appear to differ in their ecology. While association of ECI with multiple @entity0 listeriosis outbreaks appears to reflect strain abundance across environments, ECIa seems to represent an @entity1 EC that appears to be overrepresented among outbreaks and sporadic cases and thus may have increased transmission potential.

title: Multilocus sequence typing of outbreak-associated XXXX isolates to identify epidemic clones.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that higher serum TSH is associated with @entity2 incidence and @entity1 . In the healthy adult population, mean TSH increases with age. As age over 45 years is a known prognostic indicator for @entity2 , it is important to know whether higher TSH in @entity0 with @entity2 occurs independent of age. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between higher TSH, @entity1 and age. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 1361 @entity0 underwent thyroid surgery between May 1994 and December 2007 at a single institution. Of these @entity0 , 954 had pathological data, preoperative TSH and complete surgical history available. Data were analysed in relation to age and TSH. RESULTS: Mean TSH was significantly higher in @entity1 @entity0 regardless of age < 45 years or >or= 45 years (P = 0.046 and P = 0.027, respectively). When examining age groups < 20, 20-44, 45-59 and >or= 60 years, there was a trend of rising mean TSH with age. Despite the rise in the benign subgroups, mean TSH was consistently higher in those with @entity1 vs. those without. On multivariate analysis, higher TSH was independently associated with @entity1 (P = 0.039) and pathological features of @entity3 (P = 0.001) but not with age (P = 0.557). On multivariate analysis of high-risk features associated with poor prognosis, there was a significant association between higher TSH and extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.002), whereas there was no clear relationship with age, @entity1 size > 4 cm, and distant metastases. CONCLUSION: Independent of age, @entity2 incidence correlates with higher TSH. Higher TSH is associated with extrathyroidal extension of disease.

title: Higher serum TSH in XXXX @entity0 occurs independent of age and correlates with extrathyroidal extension.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that higher serum TSH is associated with @entity2 incidence and @entity1 . In the healthy adult population, mean TSH increases with age. As age over 45 years is a known prognostic indicator for @entity2 , it is important to know whether higher TSH in @entity0 with @entity2 occurs independent of age. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between higher TSH, @entity1 and age. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 1361 @entity0 underwent thyroid surgery between May 1994 and December 2007 at a single institution. Of these @entity0 , 954 had pathological data, preoperative TSH and complete surgical history available. Data were analysed in relation to age and TSH. RESULTS: Mean TSH was significantly higher in @entity1 @entity0 regardless of age < 45 years or >or= 45 years (P = 0.046 and P = 0.027, respectively). When examining age groups < 20, 20-44, 45-59 and >or= 60 years, there was a trend of rising mean TSH with age. Despite the rise in the benign subgroups, mean TSH was consistently higher in those with @entity1 vs. those without. On multivariate analysis, higher TSH was independently associated with @entity1 (P = 0.039) and pathological features of @entity3 (P = 0.001) but not with age (P = 0.557). On multivariate analysis of high-risk features associated with poor prognosis, there was a significant association between higher TSH and extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.002), whereas there was no clear relationship with age, @entity1 size > 4 cm, and distant metastases. CONCLUSION: Independent of age, @entity2 incidence correlates with higher TSH. Higher TSH is associated with extrathyroidal extension of disease.

title: Higher serum TSH in @entity2 XXXX occurs independent of age and correlates with extrathyroidal extension.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To report mortality, after a longer interval, in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity2 treated by temporal lobe surgery between 1975 and 1995. A previous audit of these @entity0 ending December 1, 1997 observed a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 4.5. METHODS: We analyzed mortality in a cohort of 306 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) who underwent temporal lobe resections between December 1, 1975 and December 1, 1995. @entity1 occurring after December 1,1997 and until December 1, 2009 were evaluated. Medical records, @entity1 certificates, postmortem examination reports, coroner officer's reports, and coroner's inquest reports were sought, and causes of @entity1 were ascertained. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cases were identified. KEY FINDINGS: In 3,569 @entity0 -years of follow-up 19 @entity1 occurred, [ @entity6 .00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-3.13], 14 @entity0 ( @entity6 .01, 95% CI 1.19-3.39) and 5 @entity0 (SMR 1.68, 95% CI 0.70-4.03). On analysis of subgroups, SMRs were significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) ( @entity6 .50, 95% CI 1.38-4.51), @entity0 with @entity5 (SMR 3.12, 95% CI 1.56-6.25), @entity0 with nonspecific lesions ( @entity6 .68, 95% CI 1.00-7.09), and right-sided resections in @entity5 (SMR 3.33, 95% CI 1.39-8.00). During follow-up, six @entity3 cases were observed with a rate of 1/595 @entity0 -years. SIGNIFICANCE: In this cohort, the risk for @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing @entity4 surgery decreased over time but remained above the standard population. @entity0 had a slightly higher risk than @entity0 , as did right-sided resections in @entity5 , confirming this observation in the original cohort. Although lower, the risk of @entity3 remained. Without up-to-date information on seizure outcome, we were unable to directly relate this to mortality.

title: Mortality after XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the anterior communicating artery complex, we performed three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography in anterior communicating (Acom) @entity3 cases. Eighteen @entity0 (six male and 12 female) with @entity2 were studied. The total number of @entity3 was 18, of which three were unruptured and 15 were @entity1 . Aneurysmal sizes and angles between the parent artery and each of the two daughter arteries were measured. Two types were defined, based on the daughter arteries. When the sizes of the two daughter arteries were the same, they were defined as AA' type, and when different, they were defined as AB type. Furthermore, @entity3 were classified into two types based on neck location. Thus, when the neck was located on the extension of the midline of the parent artery, it was defined as classical neck type, and when it was not, it was defined as deviating neck type. There were 11 cases of AA' type and seven of AB type. In AA' type all cases were of the classical neck type, and in AB type three cases were of the classical neck type and three were of the deviating neck type. In the deviating neck type, the necks were deviated to the smaller daughter arteries in all cases.

title: The characteristics of the anterior communicating XXXX complex by three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the @entity0 in chronic @entity9 @entity0 (AAN) and the protective effects of Cozaar. METHODS: Male @entity1 were randomized into three groups. @entity1 in the model group received Caulis Aristolochiae manshuriensis (CAM) decoction by gavage (10 mL/kg/day); those in the Cozaar group were gavaged with CAM and Cozaar (33.3 mg/kg/day); and those in the control group only received an equal daily volume of saline solution by gavage. Kidney tissues were observed under a light and electron microscope. @entity3 , @entity2 , and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were determined by immunohistochemistry, and expressions of @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) mRNA were monitored via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: (1) The kidney tissue injury in the chronic AAN model group was apparent, compared to the normal structure in the normal control group, and the Cozaar group showed relieved injury. (2) The expression of @entity2 in the model group was elevated, while expressions of @entity6 and @entity3 were decreased (p < 0.05). Cozaar lessened @entity2 expression (p < 0.05) and promoted @entity6 and @entity3 expressions (p < 0.05). (3) Real-time PCR demonstrated a downregulation of @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity4 mRNA (p < 0.05) and an upregulation of @entity5 mRNA (p < 0.01) in the renocortex, while Cozaar upregulated the expression of @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity4 mRNA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity0 was observed in chronic AAN, which was hypothetically correlated with a lack in the expressions of @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity4 and an excess in @entity2 and @entity5 . Cozaar can significantly ameliorate the @entity0 and protect renal function.

title: XXXX in chronic aristolochic acid @entity0 and protective effects of Cozaar.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the @entity0 in chronic @entity9 @entity0 (AAN) and the protective effects of Cozaar. METHODS: Male @entity1 were randomized into three groups. @entity1 in the model group received Caulis Aristolochiae manshuriensis (CAM) decoction by gavage (10 mL/kg/day); those in the Cozaar group were gavaged with CAM and Cozaar (33.3 mg/kg/day); and those in the control group only received an equal daily volume of saline solution by gavage. Kidney tissues were observed under a light and electron microscope. @entity3 , @entity2 , and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were determined by immunohistochemistry, and expressions of @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) mRNA were monitored via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: (1) The kidney tissue injury in the chronic AAN model group was apparent, compared to the normal structure in the normal control group, and the Cozaar group showed relieved injury. (2) The expression of @entity2 in the model group was elevated, while expressions of @entity6 and @entity3 were decreased (p < 0.05). Cozaar lessened @entity2 expression (p < 0.05) and promoted @entity6 and @entity3 expressions (p < 0.05). (3) Real-time PCR demonstrated a downregulation of @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity4 mRNA (p < 0.05) and an upregulation of @entity5 mRNA (p < 0.01) in the renocortex, while Cozaar upregulated the expression of @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity4 mRNA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity0 was observed in chronic AAN, which was hypothetically correlated with a lack in the expressions of @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity4 and an excess in @entity2 and @entity5 . Cozaar can significantly ameliorate the @entity0 and protect renal function.

title: @entity0 in chronic aristolochic acid XXXX and protective effects of Cozaar.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , @entity1 , and fear may result in avoiding dental treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate @entity0 ' @entity2 perception during scaling and its relationship with dental @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred thirteen @entity0 (72 @entity0 and 41 @entity0 ; mean age, 35.59 +/- 9.28 years) participated. @entity2 levels after scaling were assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) and an @entity1 questionnaire consisting of seven questions, each with five possible answers. RESULTS: The @entity0 were asked to indicate their @entity2 level on a 100-mm VAS, and the mean VAS score was 19.91 +/- 17.76 mm. No age and gender differences with regard to @entity2 perception were found. VAS scores were significantly higher in non-smokers (P <0.001); there was a slightly significant relationship between smoking and @entity2 (0.264; P <0.05). The @entity1 score ranged from 7 to 35; the mean @entity1 score was 14.00 +/- 5.30 (range, 7 to 29). The @entity1 score was significantly higher in @entity0 (P <0.001). The only question correlated with @entity2 during scaling in @entity0 was, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" (0.322; P = 0.040). Scores for @entity0 aged 29 to 39 years were significantly higher than scores for those aged 51 to 61 years (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although most @entity0 experienced limited @entity2 during scaling, a significant relationship was found between @entity2 and smoking. @entity0 and @entity0 aged 30 to 40 years are likely to be more anxious during scaling. The question, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" may not adequately cover all aspects of @entity1 for @entity0 ' experience of @entity2 during scaling. Clinicians should determine individual treatment approaches to reduce @entity0 ' fear, @entity2 , and @entity1 related to scaling.

title: @entity2 perception and XXXX during scaling in periodontally healthy subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , @entity1 , and fear may result in avoiding dental treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate @entity0 ' @entity2 perception during scaling and its relationship with dental @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred thirteen @entity0 (72 @entity0 and 41 @entity0 ; mean age, 35.59 +/- 9.28 years) participated. @entity2 levels after scaling were assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) and an @entity1 questionnaire consisting of seven questions, each with five possible answers. RESULTS: The @entity0 were asked to indicate their @entity2 level on a 100-mm VAS, and the mean VAS score was 19.91 +/- 17.76 mm. No age and gender differences with regard to @entity2 perception were found. VAS scores were significantly higher in non-smokers (P <0.001); there was a slightly significant relationship between smoking and @entity2 (0.264; P <0.05). The @entity1 score ranged from 7 to 35; the mean @entity1 score was 14.00 +/- 5.30 (range, 7 to 29). The @entity1 score was significantly higher in @entity0 (P <0.001). The only question correlated with @entity2 during scaling in @entity0 was, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" (0.322; P = 0.040). Scores for @entity0 aged 29 to 39 years were significantly higher than scores for those aged 51 to 61 years (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although most @entity0 experienced limited @entity2 during scaling, a significant relationship was found between @entity2 and smoking. @entity0 and @entity0 aged 30 to 40 years are likely to be more anxious during scaling. The question, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" may not adequately cover all aspects of @entity1 for @entity0 ' experience of @entity2 during scaling. Clinicians should determine individual treatment approaches to reduce @entity0 ' fear, @entity2 , and @entity1 related to scaling.

title: XXXX perception and @entity1 during scaling in periodontally healthy subjects.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the localising and lateralising value of delayed rhythmic ictal transformation (DRIT) on the scalp EEG during presurgical assessment for @entity2 . METHODS: Two hundred and eighty eight @entity1 recorded simultaneously with scalp and foramen ovale (FO) electrodes were studied retrospectively in 110 @entity0 . DRIT was defined as sustained regular rhythmic waveforms seen on scalp recordings after scalp @entity1 onset. The incidence and laterality of scalp DRIT was evaluated by comparison to FO electrodes. RESULTS: Scalp DRIT was seen in 192 @entity1 , 65% of which showed focal mesial temporal onset (FMTO) recorded by FO electrodes. FMTO onset was seen in 73% of the 122 @entity1 showing unilateral scalp DRIT, in 32% of the 62 @entity1 showing bilateral asymmetrical scalp DRIT, and in 14% of the seven @entity1 showing bilateral symmetrical DRIT on the scalp. Among the 89 @entity1 showing unilateral scalp DRIT and FMTO, both were ipsilateral in 70 @entity1 (79%). Among the 38 @entity1 showing bilateral asymmetrical DRIT and FMTO, the largest amplitude of scalp DRIT was ipsilateral to the FO onset in 27 @entity1 (71%). CONCLUSION: Two thirds of @entity1 showed unilateral scalp DRIT, which had a lateralising value of up to 79%. SIGNIFICANCE: Scalp DRIT is a reliable marker to lateralise @entity1 focus in @entity0 without a focal @entity1 onset on the scalp EEG.

title: Value of scalp delayed rhythmic ictal transformation (DRIT) in presurgical assessment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that periodontal pathogens associated with @entity1 persist in extracrevicular locations following scaling and root planing, systemic antibiotics, and antimicrobial rinses. METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 with @entity1 received a clinical examination during which samples of @entity2 and buccal epithelial cells were obtained. Treatment consisted of full-mouth root planing, systemic antibiotics, and @entity3 rinses. Clinical measurements and sampling were repeated at 3 and 6 months. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction determined the number of @entity7 (previously @entity7 ), @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 (previously @entity6 ), and @entity8 in the plaque. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy determined the extent of intracellular invasion in epithelial cells. RESULTS: Clinical measurements improved significantly following treatment. All bacterial species except @entity4 were significantly reduced in plaque between baseline and 3 months. However, all species showed a trend to repopulate between 3 and 6 months. This increase was statistically significant for log @entity8 counts. All species were detected intracellularly. The percentage of cells infected intracellularly was not affected by therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The 6-month increasing trend in the levels of plaque bacteria suggests that subgingival recolonization was occurring. Because the presence of these species within epithelial cells was not altered after treatment, it is plausible that recolonization may occur from the oral mucosa. Systemic antibiotics and topical @entity3 did not reduce the percentage of invaded epithelial cells. These data support the hypothesis that extracrevicular reservoirs of bacteria exist, which might contribute to recurrent or refractory disease in some @entity0 .

title: Persistence of extracrevicular bacterial reservoirs after treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of @entity1 by the recent EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, after 4 weeks of treatment, with @entity3 5 mg and @entity4 5 mg, both once daily in the morning, in symptomatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 . METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind study involved 886 @entity0 (438 on @entity3 and 448 on @entity4 ). The primary objective was to compare their efficacy on the mean @entity2 severity score after 1 week of treatment. Mean @entity2 severity score over 4 weeks and @entity2 duration score, number and size of wheals, mean @entity5 composite score (sum of the scores for @entity2 severity and numbers of wheals), quality of life, and the @entity0 's and investigator's global satisfaction with treatment, were secondary efficacy measures. RESULTS: @entity3 led to a significantly greater decrease in @entity2 severity than @entity4 over the first treatment week; mean @entity2 severity scores of 1.02 and 1.18 for @entity3 and @entity4 , respectively (P < 0.001). The result was similar for the entire 4-week treatment period (P = 0.004). In addition, @entity3 decreased @entity2 duration and the mean @entity5 composite scores to a significantly greater extent than @entity4 during the first week (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively) and over the entire study (P = 0.009 and P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, @entity3 increased the @entity0 ' global satisfaction after one and 4 weeks (P = 0.012 and 0.021, respectively), compared with @entity4 . Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 5 mg was significantly more efficacious than @entity4 5 mg in the treatment of @entity5 symptoms.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of XXXX 5 mg and @entity4 5 mg in @entity5 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of @entity1 by the recent EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, after 4 weeks of treatment, with @entity3 5 mg and @entity4 5 mg, both once daily in the morning, in symptomatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 . METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind study involved 886 @entity0 (438 on @entity3 and 448 on @entity4 ). The primary objective was to compare their efficacy on the mean @entity2 severity score after 1 week of treatment. Mean @entity2 severity score over 4 weeks and @entity2 duration score, number and size of wheals, mean @entity5 composite score (sum of the scores for @entity2 severity and numbers of wheals), quality of life, and the @entity0 's and investigator's global satisfaction with treatment, were secondary efficacy measures. RESULTS: @entity3 led to a significantly greater decrease in @entity2 severity than @entity4 over the first treatment week; mean @entity2 severity scores of 1.02 and 1.18 for @entity3 and @entity4 , respectively (P < 0.001). The result was similar for the entire 4-week treatment period (P = 0.004). In addition, @entity3 decreased @entity2 duration and the mean @entity5 composite scores to a significantly greater extent than @entity4 during the first week (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively) and over the entire study (P = 0.009 and P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, @entity3 increased the @entity0 ' global satisfaction after one and 4 weeks (P = 0.012 and 0.021, respectively), compared with @entity4 . Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 5 mg was significantly more efficacious than @entity4 5 mg in the treatment of @entity5 symptoms.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of @entity3 5 mg and @entity4 5 mg in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of @entity1 by the recent EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, after 4 weeks of treatment, with @entity3 5 mg and @entity4 5 mg, both once daily in the morning, in symptomatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 . METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind study involved 886 @entity0 (438 on @entity3 and 448 on @entity4 ). The primary objective was to compare their efficacy on the mean @entity2 severity score after 1 week of treatment. Mean @entity2 severity score over 4 weeks and @entity2 duration score, number and size of wheals, mean @entity5 composite score (sum of the scores for @entity2 severity and numbers of wheals), quality of life, and the @entity0 's and investigator's global satisfaction with treatment, were secondary efficacy measures. RESULTS: @entity3 led to a significantly greater decrease in @entity2 severity than @entity4 over the first treatment week; mean @entity2 severity scores of 1.02 and 1.18 for @entity3 and @entity4 , respectively (P < 0.001). The result was similar for the entire 4-week treatment period (P = 0.004). In addition, @entity3 decreased @entity2 duration and the mean @entity5 composite scores to a significantly greater extent than @entity4 during the first week (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively) and over the entire study (P = 0.009 and P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, @entity3 increased the @entity0 ' global satisfaction after one and 4 weeks (P = 0.012 and 0.021, respectively), compared with @entity4 . Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 5 mg was significantly more efficacious than @entity4 5 mg in the treatment of @entity5 symptoms.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of @entity3 5 mg and XXXX 5 mg in @entity5 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of @entity1 by the recent EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, after 4 weeks of treatment, with @entity3 5 mg and @entity4 5 mg, both once daily in the morning, in symptomatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 . METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind study involved 886 @entity0 (438 on @entity3 and 448 on @entity4 ). The primary objective was to compare their efficacy on the mean @entity2 severity score after 1 week of treatment. Mean @entity2 severity score over 4 weeks and @entity2 duration score, number and size of wheals, mean @entity5 composite score (sum of the scores for @entity2 severity and numbers of wheals), quality of life, and the @entity0 's and investigator's global satisfaction with treatment, were secondary efficacy measures. RESULTS: @entity3 led to a significantly greater decrease in @entity2 severity than @entity4 over the first treatment week; mean @entity2 severity scores of 1.02 and 1.18 for @entity3 and @entity4 , respectively (P < 0.001). The result was similar for the entire 4-week treatment period (P = 0.004). In addition, @entity3 decreased @entity2 duration and the mean @entity5 composite scores to a significantly greater extent than @entity4 during the first week (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively) and over the entire study (P = 0.009 and P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, @entity3 increased the @entity0 ' global satisfaction after one and 4 weeks (P = 0.012 and 0.021, respectively), compared with @entity4 . Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 5 mg was significantly more efficacious than @entity4 5 mg in the treatment of @entity5 symptoms.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of @entity3 5 mg and @entity4 5 mg in @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Over 40% of @entity0 @entity1 are diagnosed above the age of 65. Treatment of these elderly @entity1 will probably vary over countries. The aim of this study was to make an international comparison (several European countries and the US) of surgical and radiation treatment for elderly @entity1 with @entity0 . Survival comparisons were also made. Data were obtained from national or regional population-based registries in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, Belgium, Germany, and Portugal. For the US @entity1 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Early stage @entity0 @entity1 aged >=  65 diagnosed between 1995 and 2005 were included. An international comparison was made for breast and axillary surgery, radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery (BCS), and relative or cause-specific survival. Overall, 204.885 @entity1 were included. The proportion of @entity1 not receiving any surgery increased with age in many countries; however, differences between countries were large. In most countries more than half of all elderly @entity1 received breast conserving surgery (BCS), with the highest percentage in Switzerland. The proportion of elderly @entity1 that received radiotherapy after BCS decreased with age in all countries. Moreover, in all countries the proportion of @entity1 who do not receive axillary surgery increased with age. No large differences in survival between countries were recorded. International comparisons of surgical treatment for elderly @entity1 with @entity0 are scarce. This study showed large international differences in treatment of elderly @entity0 @entity1 , with the most striking result the large proportion of elderly who did not undergo surgery at all. Despite large treatment differences, survival does not seem to be affected in a major way.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX in elderly: an international comparison.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differences in risk factors for @entity1 at different time intervals after treatment have been described in several @entity2 ; however, to the authors' knowledge, no extensive study examining this issue in @entity3 has been conducted to date. METHODS: The authors performed a nested case-control study of @entity0 with @entity3 who presented with only local disease. @entity0 in the case group included 549 @entity0 who developed @entity1 > or =6 months after surgery. Of these, 320 @entity0 developed @entity1 within 3 years after undergoing definitive surgery (early @entity1 [EM]), and 70 @entity0 developed @entity1 > or =8 years after undergoing definitive surgery (late @entity1 [LM]). For each case, a control @entity0 was chosen who had @entity3 but who did not develop @entity1 in the same interval. Univariate and conditional multivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis of 34 clinical and @entity2 characteristics. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis confirmed previously established risk factors for @entity1 , such as increasing @entity2 thickness. In addition, the authors discovered that a personal history of @entity5 (P = .006) and a history of @entity2 (P = .020) also were associated with @entity1 . In comparing the 320 EM @entity0 with the 70 LM @entity0 , EM @entity0 were more likely to have thicker lesions (P < .001), @entity4 (P = .016), and a history of @entity5 (P = .024). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 2 potentially novel risk factors for @entity3 @entity1 were identified, and different profiles of risk factors were constructed for EM versus LM. These differences may be important in future risk identification and stratification for clinical trials and for the management and treatment of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Characteristics associated with early and late XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differences in risk factors for @entity1 at different time intervals after treatment have been described in several @entity2 ; however, to the authors' knowledge, no extensive study examining this issue in @entity3 has been conducted to date. METHODS: The authors performed a nested case-control study of @entity0 with @entity3 who presented with only local disease. @entity0 in the case group included 549 @entity0 who developed @entity1 > or =6 months after surgery. Of these, 320 @entity0 developed @entity1 within 3 years after undergoing definitive surgery (early @entity1 [EM]), and 70 @entity0 developed @entity1 > or =8 years after undergoing definitive surgery (late @entity1 [LM]). For each case, a control @entity0 was chosen who had @entity3 but who did not develop @entity1 in the same interval. Univariate and conditional multivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis of 34 clinical and @entity2 characteristics. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis confirmed previously established risk factors for @entity1 , such as increasing @entity2 thickness. In addition, the authors discovered that a personal history of @entity5 (P = .006) and a history of @entity2 (P = .020) also were associated with @entity1 . In comparing the 320 EM @entity0 with the 70 LM @entity0 , EM @entity0 were more likely to have thicker lesions (P < .001), @entity4 (P = .016), and a history of @entity5 (P = .024). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 2 potentially novel risk factors for @entity3 @entity1 were identified, and different profiles of risk factors were constructed for EM versus LM. These differences may be important in future risk identification and stratification for clinical trials and for the management and treatment of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Characteristics associated with early and late @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This paper reports an economic, simple, and rapid FI-CL method for the determination of @entity3 . This method requires simple instrumentation and it is fast enough to be used in routine analyses. A chemiluminescence signal is generated by reaction between photodegraded @entity3 and @entity2 solution in alkaline medium. All physical and chemical parameters in the flow injection chemiluminescence system were optimized in the experimental setting. To eliminate interference, a solid-phase extraction stage with SDB-1 cartridges and @entity1 elution is applied. The signal- @entity3 concentration relation is linear in concentration intervals between 0.0015 and 0.6  g  mL(-1). The calibration lines are statistically similar in different working conditions: standards with @entity1 without extraction and standards with @entity1 and extraction, allowing standards to be excluded from the extraction step, which simplifies the process. The detection limit (DL) is 0.5 ng  mL(-1), which is the same order as the maximum limit established in legislation regarding pesticide limits in water destined for @entity0 consumption. A DL of 0.13 ng  mL(-1) can be reached if a sample of 100 mL is preconcentrated. The interday variance coefficient is 3% and the sample throughput is 90 h(-1). The water analysis method is efficient with relative error percentages lower than 5% with respect to the added concentration.

title: FI on-line chemiluminescence reaction for determination of XXXX in water samples.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 (NST) and @entity4 / @entity4 (N/OFQ) are derived from the same precursor protein, pre-proN/OFQ, and exert opposite effects on the modulation of @entity2 signals. However, the role of the peripheral N/OFQ and the NOP receptor, which is located at the endings of sensory nerves, in @entity2 was not ascertained. NST administered intrathecally (i.t.) prevented the nociceptive effects induced by i.t. N/OFQ and PGE   . Moreover an up regulation of N/OFQ was shown in the @entity1 in response to peripheral @entity0 . Here, we investigated the effects of intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of functional N/OFQ and NOP receptor antagonists in a @entity1 model of @entity2 . Our findings showed that i.pl. injection of (  )- @entity6 , a selective antagonist of the NOP receptor, and NST, the functional N/OFQ antagonist, prior to carrageenan significantly reduced the paw allodynic and thermal @entity3 threshold induced by the inflammatory agent. The resulting antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects by co-administering NST and (  )-J 113397 prior to carrageenan were markedly enhanced, and the basal latencies were restored. Thus, it is likely that the peripheral N/OFQ/NOP receptor system contributes to the @entity2 sensitivity in an inflammatory state.

title: Effects of intraplantar nocistatin and (  )-J 113397 injections on nociceptive behavior in a @entity1 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity0