abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity10 in @entity8 positive ( @entity8 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity7 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity3 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity5 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity5 ( @entity5 ) despite significant incidences of @entity4 and @entity9 in @entity10 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity10 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity10 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity5 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity2 , adjuvant @entity10 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity10 in metastatic @entity8 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity6 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of @entity1 in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of @entity10 in early stage XXXX Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( @entity8 ) overexpressing @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Four @entity0 were found to react to occupational exposure to grinding of hard metal ( @entity5 ). Three of the @entity0 had symptoms and signs compatible with an @entity1 , the symptoms disappearing and the chest radiograph clearing when they were absent from work for a few months. Re-exposure to the offending agent led to new signs and symptoms. The first @entity0 was re-exposed twice and each time reacted a little more seriously. After the last episode her chest radiograph has not cleared completely, in contrast to the first two times. The fourth @entity0 had more typical occupational @entity2 . All the cases occurred in the part of the factory where air concentrations of @entity3 were the lowest. The @entity3 there is dissolved in the coolant necessary for grinding the hard metal. It occurs mainly in the ionised form, which is known to react with proteins and therefore presumably acts as a hapten. Protective measures, including choosing a coolant with minimal ability to dissolve @entity3 and an effective exhaust system, should minimise the risk of this @entity4 in the future.

title: Hard metal lung disease: importance of XXXX in coolants.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fat-supplemented dies enriched with @entity9 by the addition of 12% w/w sunflower seed oil or proportionally reduced in @entity9 by addition of 12% mutton fat were fed to @entity0 for 18 months before the @entity1 composition of perirenal storage fat and myocardial membranes (phospholipids) was determined. Although the @entity1 composition of perirenal fat generally reflected that of the diet, there was an inverse relationship between the consumption of n-6 and the deposition of n-9 @entity3 . In addition, enhanced deposition of @entity7 (18:1, n-9) appears to be related to the dietary intake of @entity5 (18:0). In contrast, in myocardial membranes the n-3 @entity2 are found to be increased when the intake of n-6 @entity2 is reduced. This is particularly evident for @entity8 (22:6, n-3) which is significantly increased in @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity10 fractions of myocardial membranes, when the mutton fat diet was fed. After feeding the sunflower seed oil diet, the increased consumption of @entity9 produced only small changes in the 18:2, n-6 content of cardiac @entity4 and @entity6 . These major classes of membrane phospholipids also showed only small increases in 20:4, n-6. In @entity10 , increased 18:2, n-6 also followed increased dietary intake, but this was not accompanied by increased 20:4, n-6. These changes in myocardial phospholipid @entity1 composition are similar to those observed after short-term feeding reported previously and confirm that changes in dietary n-6/n-3 @entity1 intake affect the @entity1 composition of both myocardial membranes and storage fat. These changes persist for the duration of the feeding period.

title: Altered levels of n-6/n-3 XXXX in @entity0 heart and storage fat following variable dietary intake of @entity9 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fat-supplemented dies enriched with @entity9 by the addition of 12% w/w sunflower seed oil or proportionally reduced in @entity9 by addition of 12% mutton fat were fed to @entity0 for 18 months before the @entity1 composition of perirenal storage fat and myocardial membranes (phospholipids) was determined. Although the @entity1 composition of perirenal fat generally reflected that of the diet, there was an inverse relationship between the consumption of n-6 and the deposition of n-9 @entity3 . In addition, enhanced deposition of @entity7 (18:1, n-9) appears to be related to the dietary intake of @entity5 (18:0). In contrast, in myocardial membranes the n-3 @entity2 are found to be increased when the intake of n-6 @entity2 is reduced. This is particularly evident for @entity8 (22:6, n-3) which is significantly increased in @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity10 fractions of myocardial membranes, when the mutton fat diet was fed. After feeding the sunflower seed oil diet, the increased consumption of @entity9 produced only small changes in the 18:2, n-6 content of cardiac @entity4 and @entity6 . These major classes of membrane phospholipids also showed only small increases in 20:4, n-6. In @entity10 , increased 18:2, n-6 also followed increased dietary intake, but this was not accompanied by increased 20:4, n-6. These changes in myocardial phospholipid @entity1 composition are similar to those observed after short-term feeding reported previously and confirm that changes in dietary n-6/n-3 @entity1 intake affect the @entity1 composition of both myocardial membranes and storage fat. These changes persist for the duration of the feeding period.

title: Altered levels of n-6/n-3 @entity3 in @entity0 heart and storage fat following variable dietary intake of XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Fat-supplemented dies enriched with @entity9 by the addition of 12% w/w sunflower seed oil or proportionally reduced in @entity9 by addition of 12% mutton fat were fed to @entity0 for 18 months before the @entity1 composition of perirenal storage fat and myocardial membranes (phospholipids) was determined. Although the @entity1 composition of perirenal fat generally reflected that of the diet, there was an inverse relationship between the consumption of n-6 and the deposition of n-9 @entity3 . In addition, enhanced deposition of @entity7 (18:1, n-9) appears to be related to the dietary intake of @entity5 (18:0). In contrast, in myocardial membranes the n-3 @entity2 are found to be increased when the intake of n-6 @entity2 is reduced. This is particularly evident for @entity8 (22:6, n-3) which is significantly increased in @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity10 fractions of myocardial membranes, when the mutton fat diet was fed. After feeding the sunflower seed oil diet, the increased consumption of @entity9 produced only small changes in the 18:2, n-6 content of cardiac @entity4 and @entity6 . These major classes of membrane phospholipids also showed only small increases in 20:4, n-6. In @entity10 , increased 18:2, n-6 also followed increased dietary intake, but this was not accompanied by increased 20:4, n-6. These changes in myocardial phospholipid @entity1 composition are similar to those observed after short-term feeding reported previously and confirm that changes in dietary n-6/n-3 @entity1 intake affect the @entity1 composition of both myocardial membranes and storage fat. These changes persist for the duration of the feeding period.

title: Altered levels of n-6/n-3 @entity3 in XXXX heart and storage fat following variable dietary intake of @entity9 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: After an intensive area-wide mollusciciding campaign, over four and a half years, transmission of @entity1 was reduced. A cheaper scheme suitable for the follow-up or consolidation stage of control was evaluated and two selective population chemotherapy campaigns using @entity4 (2 mg/kg b.w.) and @entity3 (15 mg/kg b.w.) were mounted. Prevalence dropped to 6% and 3% in areas with previously high and low levels of transmission respectively. Calculations suggested that these figures were falsely low and that perhaps 20% of the population were still excreting @entity2 ova in small numbers. The unco-operative groups in the population are probably more important in maintaining a reservoir of infection in the community than @entity0 with light infections undetected by the sedimentation concentration stool examination technique used. The benefit of more sensitive but more costly examination techniques is not clear since the importance of very light infections in transmission is uncertain. Case detection absorbs an increasing proportion of the total cost of chemotherapy programmes with fewer cases being found amongst the same number screened. Using @entity4 (649 treated) the cost per @entity0 protected was  0.74 and using @entity3 (264 treated)  0.94. The need to develop low cost consolidation or follow-up procedures for preventing a resurgence of transmission after successful control, when the infection is no longer of public health importance, is stressed.

title: XXXX control in Cul de Sac Valley, Saint Lucia. II. Chemotherapy as a supplement to a focal mollusciciding programme.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of a cognitive and emotional test battery in a representative sample of @entity1 outpatients to inform likelihood of remission over 8 weeks of treatment with each of three common antidepressant medications. @entity0 AND METHODS: Outpatients 18-65 years old with nonpsychotic major @entity1 (17 sites) were randomized to @entity2 , @entity4 or @entity3 -XR (extended release). @entity0 scored >= 12 on the baseline 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report and completed 8 weeks of treatment. The baseline test battery measured cognitive and emotional status. Exploratory multivariate logistic regression models predicting remission (16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report score  <=5 at 8 weeks) were developed independently for each medication in subgroups stratified by age, sex, or cognitive and emotional test performance. The model with the highest cross-validated accuracy determined the @entity0 proportion in each arm for whom remission could be predicted with an accuracy >= 10% above chance. The proportion for whom a prediction could be made with very high certainty (positive predictive value and negative predictive value exceeding 80%) was calculated by incrementally increasing test battery thresholds to predict remission/non-remission. RESULTS: The test battery, individually developed for each medication, improved identification of remitting and non-remitting @entity0 by >= 10% beyond chance for 243 of 467 @entity0 . The overall remission rates were @entity2 : 40.8%, @entity4 : 30.3%, and @entity3 -XR: 31.1%. Within this subset for whom prediction exceeded chance, test battery thresholds established a negative predictive value of >= 80%, which identified 40.9% of @entity0 not remitting on @entity2 , 77.1% of @entity0 not remitting on @entity4 , and 38.7% of @entity0 not remitting on @entity3 -XR (all including 20% false negatives). CONCLUSION: The test battery identified about 50% of each medication group as being >= 10% more or less likely to remit than by chance, and identified about 38% of individuals who did not remit with >= 80% certainty. Clinicians might choose to avoid this specific medication in these particular @entity0 .

title: Toward an online cognitive and emotional battery to predict treatment remission in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: We sought to increase our understanding of the @entity5 relationship and improve strategies for the treatment of @entity0 with these diseases. The aim of this study was to identify a connection between upper airway @entity1 and lower airway responsiveness. METHODS: We counted eosinophils on nasal smears, and performed spirometry, allergic skin tests, and @entity6 challenge tests in 308 schoolchildren plus a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. The @entity6 concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (PC20 < 25 mg/mL) was used as the threshold of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: In total, 26% of subjects had positive nasal eosinophils on a smear, and 46.2% of subjects had @entity4 at < 25 mg/mL @entity6 PC20. Nasal symptoms were higher in subjects with than without nasal eosinophils (p = 0.012). @entity3 symptoms did not differ between subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. Nasal eosinophils were higher in subjects with @entity2 than those without (p = 0.006), and there was no difference in PC20 @entity6 according to @entity2 (15.5    1.07 vs. 17.5    0.62; p > 0.05). No difference in @entity4 was detected when comparing subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. There were significant differences in the PC20 between subjects with greater than 50% nasal eosinophils and without nasal eosinophils (11.01    2.92 mg/mL vs. 17.38    0.61 mg/mL; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that @entity1 might contribute to lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren, based on an epidemiological survey.

title: Association of XXXX and lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren based on an epidemiological survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The oral LD50 of @entity11 in @entity2 and @entity1 was found to be higher than 5 000 mg/kg. Subacute @entity4 studies failed to show any toxic effect in @entity2 and monkeys which received 3 000 and 200 mg/kg/24 h respectively for 90 days. @entity4 studies were carried out in @entity2 during 2 years and in monkeys during 8 years. Daily oral doses of up to 800 mg/kg in @entity2 and 500 mg/kg in monkeys had no demonstrable toxic effects; in particular, there were no differences on electron microscopy between liver sections of monkeys treated for 8 years and those of untreated monkeys. In @entity6 , @entity11 proved non toxic when given for 14 days. However, during more prolonged administration (90 days) @entity7 occurred in some animals, which was unrelated to dosage or to duration of treatment. Additional studies showed that @entity11 sensitizes @entity6 myocardium to @entity9 , thereby inducing @entity10 . This effect was not observed in other animal species and is considered as specific to @entity6 . A special study was performed in monkeys, which received high doses of @entity11 (equivalent to 4-15 times the @entity0 dose) associated with an atherogenic diet containing 100 times more @entity5 than their normal diet and large quantities of fats. Some monkeys fainted and died; ECG tracings revealed no other abnormality than an increase in the length of QTc. @entity8 cannot be extrapolated from animal to @entity0 , since heart monitoring failed to show any abnormality in @entity0 treated with @entity11 . No mutagenic or carcinogenic effects were observed in @entity2 , and teratological and reproduction studies carried out in @entity2 and @entity3 gave negative results.

title: [Animal XXXX studies of @entity11 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The oral LD50 of @entity11 in @entity2 and @entity1 was found to be higher than 5 000 mg/kg. Subacute @entity4 studies failed to show any toxic effect in @entity2 and monkeys which received 3 000 and 200 mg/kg/24 h respectively for 90 days. @entity4 studies were carried out in @entity2 during 2 years and in monkeys during 8 years. Daily oral doses of up to 800 mg/kg in @entity2 and 500 mg/kg in monkeys had no demonstrable toxic effects; in particular, there were no differences on electron microscopy between liver sections of monkeys treated for 8 years and those of untreated monkeys. In @entity6 , @entity11 proved non toxic when given for 14 days. However, during more prolonged administration (90 days) @entity7 occurred in some animals, which was unrelated to dosage or to duration of treatment. Additional studies showed that @entity11 sensitizes @entity6 myocardium to @entity9 , thereby inducing @entity10 . This effect was not observed in other animal species and is considered as specific to @entity6 . A special study was performed in monkeys, which received high doses of @entity11 (equivalent to 4-15 times the @entity0 dose) associated with an atherogenic diet containing 100 times more @entity5 than their normal diet and large quantities of fats. Some monkeys fainted and died; ECG tracings revealed no other abnormality than an increase in the length of QTc. @entity8 cannot be extrapolated from animal to @entity0 , since heart monitoring failed to show any abnormality in @entity0 treated with @entity11 . No mutagenic or carcinogenic effects were observed in @entity2 , and teratological and reproduction studies carried out in @entity2 and @entity3 gave negative results.

title: [Animal @entity4 studies of XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity11


abstract: Infections of the vagina and urinary tract are important problems for the obstetrician. Examination of the vaginal discharge and urine for the presence of leukocytes is an important part of the evaluation for @entity2 . Neutrophils contain several esterases that are not present in serum, urine, or vaginal secretions. These esterases are not influenced by bacteria, commonly used drugs, or variable compositions of urine or vaginal secretions. A prospective study was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase activity as measured by dipstick (Chemstrip 9, Biodynamics) for the prediction of @entity2 during pregnancy. Results were compared with those obtained from @entity3 smears, wet preps, and urine cultures. The vaginal discharge and urine of 65 @entity0 was tested for leukocyte esterase activity on their initial OB visit. Leukocyte esterase was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for detecting @entity2 . It was 100% sensitive and 90% specific for predicting @entity1 . @entity4 accounted for the positive leukocyte esterase results when the urine culture was negative. On the basis of this study we believe that leukocyte esterase activity is sufficiently sensitive and specific to permit use of this test as a rapid and inexpensive screening procedure for @entity2 .

title: Leukocyte esterase activity in the rapid detection of urinary tract and lower genital tract infections in obstetric XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the plasma levels of amyloid beta (Ab) and select inflammatory mediators in @entity0 with various stages of @entity3 compared to that of age-matched controls, and discern a relationship to disease severity. METHODS: Plasma samples were obtained from @entity3 subjects at various stages of disease-early (drusen only), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity3 ( @entity1 )-and from controls of similar age without @entity3 . Samples were analyzed using a commercially available ELISA kit (sixteen cytokines) or LC/MS/MS (Ab isotypes). Descriptive statistics were compiled on all analytes. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare each analyte across @entity3 groups while adjusting for sex and age of the @entity0 , and in comparison to the control group. Receiver operating characteristics plots were generated for the strongest predictor variables. RESULTS: Levels of alternative spliced CC3 proteins were significantly different between controls and @entity1 groups (p   <   0.05), with median levels almost twice higher in @entity1 than in controls. There was an increasing trend for plasma levels of  -b isotypes across @entity3 progressive stages (p values ranged from 0.052 to 0.0012) (ANCOVA). When adjusted for multiple comparisons analysis, plasma Ab 1-42 levels, and its ratio with Ab 1-40 were the most significantly associated with late @entity3 stages. Consistently with the ANCOVA results for  -b isotypes, the ROC curve showed a moderate prediction (AUC   =   -   ~   0.78) of @entity3 vs control using the Ab 1-42 isotype. CONCLUSION: Plasma Ab 1-42 may have utility as a systemic biomarker for @entity3 .

title: Plasma levels of amyloid beta and other proinflammatory mediators in XXXX with age-related macular degeneration.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sporadic and familiar forms of non-histaminergic @entity2 and normal C1 inhibitor encompass a group of disorders possibly caused by bradikinin. We aimed to study the subgroups of @entity3 with FXII mutation (FXII- @entity5 ), unknown @entity1 ( @entity5 ) and idiopathic non-histaminergic acquired @entity2 (InH-AAE). We screened the @entity4 locus in our cohort and delineated the clinical, laboratory and genetic features. Four families carried the @entity6 mutation in @entity4 gene. Haplotyping confirmed the hypothesis of a common founder. Six families were affected by @entity5 and 13 @entity0 by sporadic InH-AAE. C4 levels were significantly lower in FXII- @entity5 than in InH-AAE. In the FXII- @entity5 group, none had attacks exclusively in high estrogenic states; acute attacks were treated with icatibant. Prophylaxis with tranexamic acid reduced the attack frequency in most @entity0 . Our study provides new data on the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of non-histaminergic @entity2 , underlying the role of the screening for @entity4 mutations.

title: Characterization of @entity0 with @entity2 without wheals: the importance of XXXX gene screening.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Sporadic and familiar forms of non-histaminergic @entity2 and normal C1 inhibitor encompass a group of disorders possibly caused by bradikinin. We aimed to study the subgroups of @entity3 with FXII mutation (FXII- @entity5 ), unknown @entity1 ( @entity5 ) and idiopathic non-histaminergic acquired @entity2 (InH-AAE). We screened the @entity4 locus in our cohort and delineated the clinical, laboratory and genetic features. Four families carried the @entity6 mutation in @entity4 gene. Haplotyping confirmed the hypothesis of a common founder. Six families were affected by @entity5 and 13 @entity0 by sporadic InH-AAE. C4 levels were significantly lower in FXII- @entity5 than in InH-AAE. In the FXII- @entity5 group, none had attacks exclusively in high estrogenic states; acute attacks were treated with icatibant. Prophylaxis with tranexamic acid reduced the attack frequency in most @entity0 . Our study provides new data on the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of non-histaminergic @entity2 , underlying the role of the screening for @entity4 mutations.

title: Characterization of @entity0 with XXXX without wheals: the importance of @entity4 gene screening.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sporadic and familiar forms of non-histaminergic @entity2 and normal C1 inhibitor encompass a group of disorders possibly caused by bradikinin. We aimed to study the subgroups of @entity3 with FXII mutation (FXII- @entity5 ), unknown @entity1 ( @entity5 ) and idiopathic non-histaminergic acquired @entity2 (InH-AAE). We screened the @entity4 locus in our cohort and delineated the clinical, laboratory and genetic features. Four families carried the @entity6 mutation in @entity4 gene. Haplotyping confirmed the hypothesis of a common founder. Six families were affected by @entity5 and 13 @entity0 by sporadic InH-AAE. C4 levels were significantly lower in FXII- @entity5 than in InH-AAE. In the FXII- @entity5 group, none had attacks exclusively in high estrogenic states; acute attacks were treated with icatibant. Prophylaxis with tranexamic acid reduced the attack frequency in most @entity0 . Our study provides new data on the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of non-histaminergic @entity2 , underlying the role of the screening for @entity4 mutations.

title: Characterization of XXXX with @entity2 without wheals: the importance of @entity4 gene screening.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In vitro and in situ experimental models that are descriptive of drug absorption in vivo are valuable tools in the discovery of new chemical entities that are bioavailable after oral administration. The specific objective of the study was to compare the intestinal permeabilities obtained in the three absorption models for consistency, and to assess the utility of the models in predicting the fraction of dose absorbed in @entity0 studies. The intestinal absorption models that were compared are widely used: the @entity1 in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion system, the @entity1 everted intestinal ring method, and monolayers of @entity0 @entity2 cell line (CACO-2). The models were compared using small molecular reference compounds, as well as a series of peptidomimetic (PM) analogs. Each model had strong potential for estimating the fraction absorbed. For small organic molecules, excellent correlation was observed when permeabilities from CACO-2 cells and perfusions, or everted rings and perfusions, were compared. Weaker correlation was observed between everted rings and CACO-2 cells. Permeabilities for the set of reference compounds and PMs were positively correlated between any two of the three systems. Variance between correlations for reference compounds and PMs are likely due to structural features and physicochemical properties that are unique to the latter class of compounds. The results support caution in extrapolating correlations based on findings with small organic molecules to the behavior of complex peptidomimetics. Corroboration of permeabilities with two methods of determination is a useful cross-validation of experimental systems, as well as producing a reliable permeability assessment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of intestinal permeabilities determined in multiple in vitro and in situ models: relationship to absorption in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies show sustained levels of @entity3 among young males using smokeless @entity2 , causing concern for subsequent @entity0 . Also, there is little information on effects of @entity3 replacement on @entity0 in cessation programs. This study investigates the effects of @entity3 gum replacement in smokeless @entity2 cessation on @entity0 factors. METHODS: Smokeless @entity2 users, ages 18-65, were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to 2-mg @entity3 or placebo gum. At baseline, Week 4, and Week 8, dependent measurements, heart rate, blood pressure, and weight were recorded, and fasting lipoprotein profiles were drawn. RESULTS: This paper focuses on the smokeless @entity2 users who refrained from use during the study period (N = 56). The @entity3 gum group weighed less (P = 0.033) than the placebo group throughout the study and weight increased at a significant rate between Weeks 4 and 8 for both groups as gum decreased. @entity4 were higher for the @entity3 gum group than the placebo group (P = 0.031), with @entity4 decreasing between Weeks 4 and 8, with a similar effect seen among nonabstinent smokeless @entity2 users. There was no dose, time, or dose by time effect for the other dependent measures. CONCLUSIONS: Among smokeless @entity2 users who were abstinent, weight increased, with subjects on @entity3 gum weighing less throughout the study. The lipoprotein profile, heart rate, and blood pressure did not improve over time, contrary to smokers in whom HDL increases and heart rate decreases with cessation. This could relate to different routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, or by-products of @entity2 smoking being absent in smokeless @entity2 . In addition, @entity3 gum appeared to have neither an adverse nor a positive effect on heart rate, blood pressure, LDL, HDL, or total @entity1 .

title: Effects of treatment on XXXX among smokeless @entity2 users.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies show sustained levels of @entity3 among young males using smokeless @entity2 , causing concern for subsequent @entity0 . Also, there is little information on effects of @entity3 replacement on @entity0 in cessation programs. This study investigates the effects of @entity3 gum replacement in smokeless @entity2 cessation on @entity0 factors. METHODS: Smokeless @entity2 users, ages 18-65, were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to 2-mg @entity3 or placebo gum. At baseline, Week 4, and Week 8, dependent measurements, heart rate, blood pressure, and weight were recorded, and fasting lipoprotein profiles were drawn. RESULTS: This paper focuses on the smokeless @entity2 users who refrained from use during the study period (N = 56). The @entity3 gum group weighed less (P = 0.033) than the placebo group throughout the study and weight increased at a significant rate between Weeks 4 and 8 for both groups as gum decreased. @entity4 were higher for the @entity3 gum group than the placebo group (P = 0.031), with @entity4 decreasing between Weeks 4 and 8, with a similar effect seen among nonabstinent smokeless @entity2 users. There was no dose, time, or dose by time effect for the other dependent measures. CONCLUSIONS: Among smokeless @entity2 users who were abstinent, weight increased, with subjects on @entity3 gum weighing less throughout the study. The lipoprotein profile, heart rate, and blood pressure did not improve over time, contrary to smokers in whom HDL increases and heart rate decreases with cessation. This could relate to different routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, or by-products of @entity2 smoking being absent in smokeless @entity2 . In addition, @entity3 gum appeared to have neither an adverse nor a positive effect on heart rate, blood pressure, LDL, HDL, or total @entity1 .

title: Effects of treatment on @entity0 among smokeless XXXX users.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity1 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity1 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity2 @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity5 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity3 and/or anti- @entity1 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity4 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity3 and anti- @entity1 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity2 individuals with @entity5 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with XXXX for @entity2 non-insulin-dependent @entity1 @entity0 and @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity1 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity1 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity2 @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity5 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity3 and/or anti- @entity1 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity4 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity3 and anti- @entity1 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity2 individuals with @entity5 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity4 for XXXX non-insulin-dependent @entity1 @entity0 and @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity1 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity1 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity2 @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity5 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity3 and/or anti- @entity1 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity4 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity3 and anti- @entity1 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity2 individuals with @entity5 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity4 for @entity2 non-insulin-dependent XXXX @entity0 and @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity1 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity1 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity2 @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity5 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity3 and/or anti- @entity1 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity4 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity3 and anti- @entity1 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity2 individuals with @entity5 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity4 for @entity2 non-insulin-dependent @entity1 XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity1 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity1 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity2 @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity5 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity3 and/or anti- @entity1 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity4 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity3 and anti- @entity1 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity2 individuals with @entity5 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity4 for @entity2 non-insulin-dependent @entity1 @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 induced sedation is common but its management is unclear. We analyzed the factors associated with @entity2 -induced sedation and the efficacy of common pharmacological strategies. We conducted a naturalistic observational study using two years electronic records of a cohort @entity0 and three analyses: a cross sectional analysis of factors associated with total number of hours slept (as an objective proxy of sedation), and two prospective analyses of which factors were associated with changes in hours slept and the efficacy of two pharmacological strategies. 133 @entity0 were included, of which 64.7% slept at least 9h daily. Among monotherapy @entity0 (n=30), only @entity4 levels (r=.367, p=.03) correlated with hours slept. Using the prospective cohort (n=107), 42 @entity0 decreased the number of hours slept, due to decreasing @entity2 (40%) or augmenting with @entity3 (36%). These two strategies were recommended to 22 (20.6%) and 23 (21.5%) subjects respectively but the majority (81.8% and 73.9%) did not reduce number of hours slept. Thus, pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors are involved in sedation. @entity4 plasma levels correlated with @entity1 . Reducing @entity2 and @entity3 augmentation were associated to amelioration of sedation, although both strategies were effective only in a limited numbers of subjects.

title: An observational study of XXXX induced sedation and its pharmacological management.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Most of the researches in Pakistan are concerned with the aetiological factors of @entity1 among the youth. However, few studies seek to explore the social aspects of this phenomenon. The present study aimed to explore the role of family, the influence of parental involvement, and communication styles in youth's @entity1 in a qualitative manner. Twenty drug addicts (age range 18-28 years) were taken as a sample from drug rehabilitation centres in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. A structured interview guide was administered comprising questions related to the individual's habits, relationship with family and friends, and modes of communication within the family. Case profiles of the @entity0 were also taken. The rehabilitation centres offered family therapy and the researcher, as a non- @entity0 , observed these sessions as part of the analysis. The demographic information revealed that majority of the @entity0 were poly-substance abusers (80%) and the significant reasons for starting drugs were the company of peers and curiosity. The thematic analysis revealed parental involvement and emotional expressiveness as two major components in family communication. It was found that parents were concerned about their @entity0 , but were not assertive in the implementation of family rules. It was also found that the major life decisions of the @entity0 were taken by their parents, which is a characteristic of collectivist Pakistani society.

title: An exploratory research on the role of family in youth's XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aim of this phase I-II study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative concomitant radiochemotherapy in resectable high risk (TNM stage: II and III) @entity1 , 64 @entity0 entered the study: 37 had @entity1 . 50 @entity0 were clinically staged as stage III (Dukes C) and 14 as stage II (Dukes B). Treatment protocol included bolus @entity3 at the dose of 10 mg/m2 on day 1 and 5FU continuous infusion at the daily dose of 1000 mg/m2 on day 1, 2, 3, 4. Concomitant external radiotherapy up to a dose of 3780 cGy was delivered at the daily dose of 180 cGy. Surgery was performed 4 to 5 weeks after @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Before surgery all @entity0 were clinically restaged to evaluate the response to concomitant radiochemotherapy. Treatment compliance was 97%. @entity2 was 27% prevalently shown as bone marrow depletion and @entity5 . In 37 @entity0 (61%) there was 50% reduction (partial response) of neoplastic volume. In 5 @entity0 (8%) no neoplastic cells were evidenced in the surgical specimen on histology (complete response). The distance between the lower margin of the @entity1 and the internal anal orifice increased in 72% of cases. Postoperative morbidity was 28%. The incidence of anastomotic dehiscences was 8.7% over 46 anterior resections. Postoperative mortality was nil. Definitive staging evidenced 24 @entity0 (39%) stage I or with no evidence of @entity1 . The incidence of local recurrence was 5% and that of distant metastasis 8%.

title: Combined modality therapy of resectable high risk XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations between meat, dairy and @entity1 intake and pubertal development in adolescents in Chengdu. METHODS: A total of 1320 @entity0 and adolescents aged 9-15 years in Chengdu were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling strategy. Dietary intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 3-day 24-hour dietary recall. Pubertal development was evaluated through physical examinations. Consumptions of meat and dairy, and @entity1 intake were compared between groups with different levels of pubertal development according to the Tanner criteria. RESULTS: The median age of spermarche was 13. 00 years. The @entity0 who had had spermarche consumed more meat (including red meat) and dairy products than those who had not yet (P<0. 05). Daily consumption of total meat was positively correlated with the level of pubertal development (P<0. 05). The median age of menarche was 12. 11 years. The @entity0 who had had menarche consumed more meat and less diiry products than those who had not yet (P<0. 05). Daily consumption of dairy products was negatively associated with breast development and the level of pubertal development (P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Consumptions of meat, red meat and dairy products are associated with pubertal development in adolescents in Chengdu. However, the differences between @entity0 and @entity0 warrant further studies.

title: [Consumptions of Meat and Dairy Products, XXXX Intake and Pubertal Development in Adolescents in Chengdu].

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: It is unclear why the prevalence of @entity1 and @entity4 , especially @entity4 , between diagnosed by oral @entity3 tolerance test (OGTT) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) criteria, is substantially discordant. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of @entity2 on the agreement between HbA1c and OGTT for diagnosing @entity1 and @entity4 and identify the optimal HbA1c cutoff values in different body mass index (BMI) classifications. DESIGN SETTING AND @entity0 : In a population-based, cross-sectional study in Harbin, China, 4325 individuals aged 20-74 years without a prior diagnosed @entity1 were involved in this study. OUTCOME: measure The performance and optimal cutoff points of HbA1c were assessed by receiver-operating characteristic curve. The contribution of BMI to HbA1c was analyzed by structural equational model. RESULTS: The agreement between HbA1c criteria and OGTT decreased with BMI gain (k = 0.359, 0.312, and 0.275 in a normal weight, overweight, and @entity2 population, respectively). The structural equational model results showed that BMI was significantly associated with HbA1c in normal @entity3 tolerance and @entity4 subjects but not in @entity1 subjects. At a specificity of 80% for @entity4 and 97.5% for @entity1 , the optimal HbA1c cutoff points for @entity4 and @entity1 were 5.6% and 6.4% in normal-weight, 5.7% and 6.5% in overweight, and 6.0% and 6.5% in an @entity2 population. When the new HbA1c cutoff values were used, the agreement in @entity2 subjects increased almost to the level in normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The poor agreement between HbA1c and OGTT criteria in an @entity2 population can be significantly improved through increasing the HbA1c threshold for @entity4 .

title: Increased Hemoglobin A1c Threshold for Prediabetes Remarkably Improving the Agreement Between A1c and Oral XXXX Tolerance Test Criteria in Obese Population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The introduction of endoscopic techniques has led to debate about optimal management of early @entity2 . The aim was to evaluate @entity0 selection and outcomes for endoscopic or surgical treatment at a tertiary referral centre. METHODS: A prospectively collected database of consecutive @entity0 staged with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or T1 @entity2 treated with curative intent between 2005 and 2013 was undertaken. All @entity0 were discussed at the multidisciplinary team meeting. Surgical treatment was by thoracoscopic assisted or standard/laparoscopic assisted Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy. Endoscopic treatment was a structured programme of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and/or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Outcomes included treatment variables, recurrence and complications. RESULTS: 83 @entity0 treated; 50 with endoscopic therapy (EMR only-4, EMR then RFA-22, RFA only-24) and 38 by surgery (33 straight to surgery and 5 following EMR). Median age (67) and mean follow-up (21 months) were similar. @entity3 was more common in the endoscopic group (32/50, 64%, vs.3/33, 9%, p  =  0.0001). Significant complications were more common following surgery (13/38, 34%, vs. 1/50, 2%, p  =  0.0001). There were two in-hospital deaths following oesophagectomy (1 open, 1 thoracoscopic). Endoscopic treatment beyond 12 months for persisting @entity3 was required in 2 @entity0 . Recurrence of @entity3 /invasive @entity1 was diagnosed in 2/36 (5.6%, T1a recurrence) of endoscopic and 1/38 (2.6%, T2N0 - subsequent hepatic metastases) surgical @entity0 . CONCLUSION: A management algorithm including both endoscopic treatment and oesophagectomy provides optimal outcome for these @entity0 . Due to additional morbidity of surgery, endoscopic treatment is appropriate first-line treatment.

title: Surgical and endoscopic management of high grade dysplasia and early XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Changes over time in revascularization strategies and outcomes among @entity0 with unprotected left main @entity4 remain largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 2618 consecutive @entity0 with unprotected left main @entity4 who underwent revascularization were identified from the ASAN Medical Center-Left MAIN Revascularization registry and classified by time periods: bare metal stent ( @entity5 , 1995-1998), early drug-eluting stents ( @entity6 , 2003-2006), and late drug-eluting stents ( @entity7 , 2007-2010). Primary end point was major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events (the composite of @entity2 , @entity3 , repeat revascularization, and @entity1 ). During the study period, 1124 @entity0 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 1494 @entity0 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The proportion of PCI significantly increased from 35% to 52% between waves 1 and 3. In @entity0 receiving PCI, the risk-adjusted incidence rate of major adverse cerebro-cardiovascular events decreased from 20.18 cases per 100 @entity0 -years in @entity5 to 6.77 cases per 100 @entity0 -years in @entity7 (P<0.001 for trend). @entity2 , the composite of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity1 , and repeat revascularization were also significantly decreased by 40%, 35%, and 46%, respectively. The risk-adjusted incidence rate of major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events did not change in @entity0 receiving coronary artery bypass grafting. The difference major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events risk between PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting progressively reduced (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.33 [0.23-0.47]; 0.53 [0.35-0.80]; and 1.01 [0.68-1.49] from @entity5 to @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of unprotected left main coronary artery PCI have significantly improved over time. In addition, more @entity0 received PCI for unprotected left main @entity4 in recent years.

title: Temporal trends in revascularization strategy and outcomes in left main XXXX : data from the asan medical center-left main revascularization registry.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND @entity2 ( @entity3 ) has been well documented to reduce @entity1 and transfusion requirements in @entity0 undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the efficacy and safety of @entity3 in simultaneous bilateral TKA have not been clearly defined. The aim of our study was to systematically review the existing evidence regarding the role of @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKA. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search of all studies published through June 2014 was performed using Medline, EMBASE, OVID, and other databases. All studies that compared the efficacy and safety of @entity3 administration in simultaneous bilateral TKA @entity0 were identified. The data from the included trials were extracted and analyzed regarding @entity1 and transfusion rates. The evidence quality levels of the selected articles were evaluated using a grading system. RESULTS Six studies were included, in which a total of 245 @entity0 received @entity3 and 271 @entity0 were controls. Overall, the results demonstrated that the use of @entity3 significantly reduced total @entity1 by a mean of 371.1 ml (95% confidence interval (CI)=-412.12 to -330.09; p<0.001) and reduced the number of @entity0 requiring blood transfusion (risk ratio (RR)=0.16; 95% CI=0.10 to 0.28; p<0.001). No significant differences in adverse effects such as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were noted in any group. CONCLUSIONS The intravenous use of @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKA is effective and safe and results in significantly reduced estimated @entity1 and transfusion rates. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of side effects. Due to the limitations in the evidence quality of current meta-analyses, well-conducted, larger, high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are required.

title: Efficacy and Safety of XXXX in Bilateral Total Knee Replacement: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: For 20 years, the prospect of anti-malarial vaccination has aroused many hopes, but in the end, it has mostly given rise to doubts and disappointment. If most attempts have been to no avail, this is because the issue at stake is amazingly difficult. Besides the very complex antigenic structure of the protozoa Plasmodium, there is first the existence of at least three different targets during the plasmodial cycle, then the necessity of appropriate adjuvants and, most of all, the imperfection of our experimental models. Recently, Pattaroyo and the various groups who worked with him have eventually met success with vaccine trials in @entity0 : they used a synthetic antigene, SPf66, on volunteers in South America, then on a larger population sample in East Africa. The results are still quite modest: @entity0 are protected against the @entity1 but not against the @entity3 and only in approximately 40% of cases. Nevertheless, these results have the merit of representing the first successful anti-malarial vaccination in @entity0 . Although great advances are still needed, a decisive step forward has been taken. Other types of vaccine will soon be tested by other groups (anti-gametocyte vaccines) and prospects of significant improvements are offered by the technique of DNA-vaccines. If it is now certain that one or several vaccines will be available in a near future, no one is able to set the time delay necessary to reach this stage. In any case, hoping that this type of vaccine will eradicate the disease is not realistic since a disease as complex as @entity2 , in terms of epidemiology, cannot be eliminated by only one method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Towards a vaccination against XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Solid @entity1 (SPN) is a rare and low-grade malignant @entity6 . Solid @entity1 is rare in @entity0 , and most SPN cases are in young @entity0 . This study aimed to investigate sex differences in SPN clinical histopathology including capillary density and expression of immunochemical markers, including @entity12 . A total of 22 resected @entity1 from @entity6 @entity0 , including 16 @entity0 (73%) and 6 @entity0 (27%), were analyzed histopathologically and immunohistochemically for @entity10 , b-catenin, @entity4 receptor, @entity7 receptor, Ki-67, @entity9 , @entity8 , and @entity12 . The median age was 52.5 years in @entity0 and 24 years in @entity0 (P = .046). The median @entity1 size was 22.5 mm in @entity0 and 40 mm in @entity0 (P = .337). In 11 of the 16 @entity0 (69%), but in none of the @entity0 , @entity1 showed complete or incomplete fibrous cap sules (P = .006). @entity3 clefts were observed in @entity1 from 10 @entity0 (63%) but in none from the @entity0 (P = .012). No significant sex differences were noted in @entity1 characteristics, including size, macroscopic @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity11 , and perineural invasion. The SPNs were weakly positive for @entity12 , although there was no significant difference between sexes. Capillary density tended to be lower in @entity1 from @entity0 than in those from @entity0 , but not significantly. Thus, except for the fibrous capsule and @entity3 clefts often found in @entity1 and the younger age of the @entity0 , there were no significant sex differences in histopathologic or immunohistochemical features of SPN, despite its markedly higher occurrence in @entity0 .

title: Sex differences in immunohistochemical expression and capillary density in pancreatic solid XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mode of interaction of @entity3 fibres with cell membranes is still debatable. One reason is the lack of a suitable and convenient cellular model to investigate the causes of @entity1 . We studied the interaction of @entity3 fibres with @entity2 oocytes, using electrophysiological and morphological methods. Oocytes are large single cells, with a limited ability to endocytose molecular ligands; we therefore considered these cells to be a good model for investigating the nature of @entity3 /membrane interactions. Electrophysiological recordings were performed to compare the passive electrical membrane properties, and those induced by applying positive or negative voltage steps, in untreated oocytes and those exposed to @entity3 fibre suspensions. Ultrastructural analysis visualized in detail, any morphological changes of the surface membrane caused by the fibre treatment. Our results demonstrate that Amosite and @entity4 -type @entity3 fibres significantly modify the properties of the membrane, starting soon after exposure. Cells were routinely depolarized, their input resistance decreased, and the slow outward currents evoked by step depolarizations were dramatically enhanced. Reducing the availability of surface @entity0 contained in the structure of the fibres with cation chelators, abolished these effects. Ultrastructural analysis of the fibre-exposed oocytes showed no evidence of phagocytic events. Our results demonstrate that @entity3 fibres modify the oocyte membrane, and we propose that these cells represent a viable model for studying the @entity3 /cell membrane interaction. Our findings also open the possibly for finding specific competitors capable of hindering the @entity3 -cell membrane interaction as a means of tackling the long-standing @entity1 problem.

title: XXXX Oocytes as a Model System for Studying the Interaction Between Asbestos Fibres and Cell Membranes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: When compared to amputation, limb salvage procedures for extremity @entity3 have been advocated because of potential functional benefits and presumed psychological-outcome advantages. The purpose of this study was to compare psychological outcomes between survivors who underwent either amputation or limb salvage procedures for extremity @entity3 . Fifteen amputees and 20 @entity0 with salvaged limbs (mean age, 37.9 years; range, 15 to 71 years) were evaluated 1 to 5 years after surgery for extremity @entity3 . Demographic and medical information was obtained and cognitive functioning, affect, mood, body image, physical functioning, global psychological adjustment to illness and surgery, and lifetime prevalence of @entity2 before and after surgery were assessed. Two @entity0 were excluded because of the presence of an incapacitating @entity4 . The remaining @entity0 , 14 amputees and 19 @entity0 with salvaged limbs, had a variety of soft-tissue and @entity1 . No significant differences were found between the groups in age, sex, marital status, surgically involved extremity, chemotherapy status, and social class at the time of surgery and interviews. There were no significant differences between the groups in scores of cognitive capacity, symptoms, mood, body image changes, global physical functioning, global adjustment to illness and surgery, and lifetime prevalence of @entity2 before or after surgery. Most @entity0 revealed only mild @entity5 and 55% demonstrated good to excellent adjustment to their surgeries and diseases. There were no significant differences in measures of psychological outcome for @entity0 with extremity @entity3 who underwent limb salvage procedures compared to those who underwent amputation. A psychological-outcome advantage of limb-salvage surgery compared to amputation has yet to be demonstrated.

title: Psychological outcome of extremity XXXX survivors undergoing amputation or limb salvage.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a history of @entity1 or small for gestational age (SGA) in a singleton pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of recurrence of the same condition in a subsequent twin pregnancy. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of twin pregnancies delivered in one maternal-fetal medicine practice from 2005 to 2014. @entity0 with a history of singleton @entity1 at less than 37 weeks of gestation were compared with @entity0 with a history of singleton term birth and nulliparous @entity0 . A similar analysis was performed for a history of SGA (birth weight less than 10%). RESULTS: Six hundred forty-seven twin pregnancies were included. The prior singleton gestational age at delivery was significantly positively correlated with the twin gestational age at delivery (P<.001), and the prior singleton birth weight was significantly positively correlated with the birth weight of the larger twin (P<.001) and the smaller twin (P<.001). The rate of twin @entity1 before 32 weeks of gestation was 3.5% in @entity0 with a prior term birth, 9.2% in nulliparous @entity0 , and 26% in @entity0 with a prior @entity1 (P<.001). The rate of SGA in @entity0 with a prior birth not complicated by SGA was 42.1%, in nulliparous @entity0 it was 54.4%, and in @entity0 with a history of SGA it was 65.2% (P=.007). On regression analysis, prior @entity1 and SGA of a singleton pregnancy were independently associated with recurrence of the same condition in a subsequent twin pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Prior @entity1 and SGA in a singleton pregnancy increase the risk of the same condition in a subsequent twin pregnancy. We postulate that the extrinsic mechanism responsible for the pathophysiology of adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies overlaps with that in singleton pregnancies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: XXXX or Small for Gestational Age in a Singleton Pregnancy and Risk of Recurrence in a Subsequent Twin Pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a @entity2 associated with @entity5 and hepatic shunts, is responsible for high-output @entity3 in rare cases. Bevacizumab, which targets @entity1 , was shown to decrease both cardiac index (CI) and @entity5 duration in @entity6 @entity0 with severe liver involvement. The relationship between its serum concentration and change in both CI and @entity5 duration was investigated to design the bevacizumab maintenance dosing regimen of future therapeutic studies. Twenty-five @entity6 @entity0 with @entity4 and high CI were included in a prospective non-comparative study. They received bevacizumab at a dose of 5  mg/kg per infusion every 14  days for a total of 6 injections. The relationships between bevacizumab serum concentration and both CI and @entity5 duration were described using transit compartments and direct inhibition pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models. The performances of different maintenance regimens were evaluated using simulation. Infusions every 3, 2 and one months were predicted to maintain 41%, 45% and 50% of @entity0 with CI <4 L/min/m(2) at 24 months, respectively. The fraction of @entity0 with <20  min @entity5 per month was predicted to be 34%, 43% and 60%, with infusion every 3, 2 or one months, respectively. Simulations of the effects of different maintenance dosing regimens predict that monthly 5  mg/kg infusions of bevacizumab should allow sustained control of both cardiac index and @entity5 .

title: Dose - response relationship of bevacizumab in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this review was to consider the impact of being introduced to a sport and sport participation on (a) weight loss and @entity1 symptoms, (b) any other health benefits in @entity0 with @entity2 , supported by quantitative and qualitative findings. SUBJECT AND METHODS: A systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA statement was conducted. Searches were undertaken in January 2014. Articles were eligible that (1) considered the effect (quantitative studies) and experience (qualitative and case studies) of either; being introduced to a 'sport' or undertaking a sport activity, (2) included >85% of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 or schizo-affective spectrum disorders according to recognised criteria. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies including 5 trials (2*pre-experimental, 2*controlled trials, 1*randomised control trial), 2 qualitative studies and 3 case studies were included (n=185). Two out of 3 studies that considered weight as an outcome measure reported significant reductions in weight and @entity1 symptoms following sports participation. The mean reduction in body mass index (BMI) ranged from -0.7kg.m2 (p<0.001) following 12 weeks of basketball to -1.33 kg.m2 (p<0.001) after 12-weeks of soccer. The mean reduction in the Positive and Negative Symptoms score ranged from 2.4 points (F=-19.0, p<0.001) following 12 weeks of basketball to 7.4 points (t=-5.0, p<0.001) following a 40 week programme of @entity3 riding. A range of secondary health and wellbeing outcomes identified some significant results. Qualitative findings showed that @entity0 had positive experiences from participating in sports. CONCLUSIONS: Sport participation may result in reduced BMI and @entity1 symptoms in @entity0 with @entity2 . Sport has the potential to improve an individual's quality of life through providing a meaningful normalizing activity that leads to achievement, success and satisfaction. Well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to fully determine the health effects of sports participation in @entity2 .

title: Investigating the benefits of sport participation for individuals with XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Importance: Use of @entity6 intravenous fluids for maintenance requirements is associated with increased risk of @entity7 that results in morbidity and mortality in @entity0 . Clinical trial data comparing isotonic and @entity6 maintenance fluids in nonsurgical hospitalized pediatric @entity0 outside intensive care units are lacking. Objective: To compare isotonic ( @entity8 , 0.9%, and @entity3 , 5%) with @entity6 ( @entity8 , 0.45%, and @entity3 , 5%) intravenous maintenance fluids in a hospitalized general pediatric population. Design, Setting, and @entity0 : In this double-blind randomized clinical trial,we recruited 110 @entity0 admitted to a general pediatric unit of a tertiary care @entity0 's hospital from March 1, 2008, through August 31, 2012 (age range, 1 month to 18 years), with normal baseline serum @entity5 levels who were anticipated to require intravenous maintenance fluids for 48 hours or longer (intent-to-treat analyses). @entity0 with diagnoses that required specific fluid tonicity and volumes were excluded. Interventions: @entity0 were randomized to receive isotonic or @entity6 intravenous fluid at maintenance rates for 48 hours. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was mean serum @entity5 level at 48 hours. The secondary outcomes were mean @entity5 level at 24 hours, @entity7 and @entity9 , @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity1 . Confounding variables were included in multiple regression models. Post hoc analyses included change from baseline @entity5 level at 24 and 48 hours and subgroup analysis of @entity0 with primary respiratory diagnosis. Results: Of 110 enrolled @entity0 , 54 received isotonic fluids and 56 received @entity6 fluids. The mean (SD) @entity5 level at 48 hours was 139.9   (2.7) mEq/L in the isotonic group and 139.6   (2.6) mEq/L in the @entity6 group (95% CI of the difference, -0.94 to 1.74 mEq/L; P   =   .60). Two @entity0 in the @entity6 group developed @entity7 , 1 in each group developed @entity9 , 2 in each group developed @entity2 , and 2 in the isotonic group developed @entity1 . Mean (SD) change from baseline to 48-hour @entity5 level was +1.3   (2.9) vs -0.12   (2.8) mEq/L, respectively (absolute difference, 1.4 mEq/L; 95% CI of the difference, -0.01 to 2.8 mEq/L; P   =   .05). Conclusions and Relevance: Our study results support the notion that isotonic maintenance fluid administration is safe in general pediatric @entity0 and may result in fewer cases of @entity7 . Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00632775.

title: XXXX Intravenous Maintenance Fluids: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 is an aggressive @entity1 , and early diagnosis can reduce mortality in such @entity0 . Diagnosis may be delayed in @entity1 . We present one such case, a 35-year-old lady with a rapidly growing mass over the right angle of mandible. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was done, and smears showed discretely arranged large epithelioid cells with high N:C ratio, prominent single to multiple nucleoli. Occasional binucleated and multinucleated @entity1 giant cells were also noted. Poorly differentiated @entity2 , high-grade @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity3 were included as differential diagnoses. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) revealed Melan-A/ @entity7 positivity in some cells and S-100 positivity in most @entity1 cells. @entity6 , pancytokeratin, and leukocyte common antigen were negative. Based on cytomorphological features and ICC findings, a diagnosis of epithelioid variant of @entity8 was rendered. Later on, true cut biopsy and histologic examination of excised specimen and adjunct immunohistochemistry with positive Melan-A and S-100 confirmed the diagnosis.

title: Cytodiagnosis of epithelioid malignant XXXX (amelanotic) and diagnostic dilemmas.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are rare benign soft tissue @entity0 affecting mostly young adults. The most common affected sites include the knee, ankle, elbow, shoulder, and fingers. The temporomandibular joint is occasionally affected. Herein, we report a case of a 31-year-old Caucasian male who presented clinically with a parotid gland mass. The initial clinical and radiological work-up failed to reveal any involvement of the adjacent temporomandibular joint. Fine-needle aspiration revealed a cellular @entity0 composed of mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells with @entity1 and @entity2 . This was subsequently found to be a @entity3 arising from the temporomandibular joint. Giant cell-rich lesions are uncommon in salivary glands. Herein, we describe the cytomorphology and clinico-radiographic features of this @entity0 with emphasis on the differential diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions presenting in salivary glands. Despite its rare occurrence, this entity should be considered when giant cells are prominent in specimens acquired from this location.

title: XXXX presenting as a parotid gland mass: Expanding the differential diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions in salivary glands.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: To report a rare coexistence of @entity4 arising from the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland and @entity5 in a Chinese @entity0 . METHODS: Case report of clinical features and imaging findings, orbitalsurgery, and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: A Chinese @entity0 (48 years old) with @entity3 showed a gradually growing mass in the lateral region of the left upper eyelid that was present for 4 years and bilateral proptosis for 5 years. There was a slightly lower eyelid retraction in both eyes. Proptosis was 20 mm in the right eye and 22 mm in the left. A well-defined, nontender mass was palpable in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a rounded homogenous mass measuring 14.1 * 13.2 mm in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye and enlarged superior, medial, and inferior recti muscles in both eyes. At surgery, a grayish-white round mass was observed after removal of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. The histopathological diagnosis was pleomorphic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of a pleomorphic @entity1 and @entity5 may indicate a @entity4 likely due to an unknown @entity2 .

title: XXXX Arising From the Palpebral Lobe of the Lacrimal Gland in a @entity0 With @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: To report a rare coexistence of @entity4 arising from the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland and @entity5 in a Chinese @entity0 . METHODS: Case report of clinical features and imaging findings, orbitalsurgery, and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: A Chinese @entity0 (48 years old) with @entity3 showed a gradually growing mass in the lateral region of the left upper eyelid that was present for 4 years and bilateral proptosis for 5 years. There was a slightly lower eyelid retraction in both eyes. Proptosis was 20 mm in the right eye and 22 mm in the left. A well-defined, nontender mass was palpable in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a rounded homogenous mass measuring 14.1 * 13.2 mm in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye and enlarged superior, medial, and inferior recti muscles in both eyes. At surgery, a grayish-white round mass was observed after removal of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. The histopathological diagnosis was pleomorphic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of a pleomorphic @entity1 and @entity5 may indicate a @entity4 likely due to an unknown @entity2 .

title: @entity4 Arising From the Palpebral Lobe of the Lacrimal Gland in a @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: To report a rare coexistence of @entity4 arising from the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland and @entity5 in a Chinese @entity0 . METHODS: Case report of clinical features and imaging findings, orbitalsurgery, and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: A Chinese @entity0 (48 years old) with @entity3 showed a gradually growing mass in the lateral region of the left upper eyelid that was present for 4 years and bilateral proptosis for 5 years. There was a slightly lower eyelid retraction in both eyes. Proptosis was 20 mm in the right eye and 22 mm in the left. A well-defined, nontender mass was palpable in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a rounded homogenous mass measuring 14.1 * 13.2 mm in the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye and enlarged superior, medial, and inferior recti muscles in both eyes. At surgery, a grayish-white round mass was observed after removal of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. The histopathological diagnosis was pleomorphic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of a pleomorphic @entity1 and @entity5 may indicate a @entity4 likely due to an unknown @entity2 .

title: @entity4 Arising From the Palpebral Lobe of the Lacrimal Gland in a XXXX With @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity10 ) is one of the most widely occurring @entity5 ingested by @entity0 in food. It has been shown to be mutagenic in prokaryotes as well as in in vitro @entity0 cell lines. In view of the unavoidability of ingesting it via a normal diet, there is a need to assess the potential genetic risk to @entity0 , due to @entity7 ingestion, using whole animal assays. Dominant lethal studies have been carried out in adult Swiss male @entity1 and @entity2 male @entity2 to investigate the germinal effects of @entity6 . Adult Swiss males were treated with 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg of @entity6 dissolved in 60% @entity8 , intraperitoneally. In the @entity2 study, 200 and 300 mg/kg of @entity6 were used. Individually caged males were paired with untreated females for a week and six sequential matings were carried out. Two independent experiments in @entity1 and a single experiment in @entity2 constituted the study. Females were evaluated for inducted dominant lethality during the midterm of pregnancy. At 200 mg/kg dose of @entity6 , there were no significant differences between control and the test group in pregnancy, total or live implantations in @entity1 or @entity2 during the whole test period that could be attributed to the @entity7 exposure. In @entity1 at 300 and 400 mg/kg of @entity6 , there was a profound reduction in fertility of the males during all six matings. The number of total and live implantations also decreased, particularly at the 400 mg/kg dose, although the sample size was too small to be statistically significant. Contrary to this, the @entity2 study did not show any @entity3 , nor was there any substantial suppression of total and live implantations at the highest (300 mg/kg) dose tested. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups with regard to the number of dead implantations at any dosage level at any stage of the study in @entity1 and @entity2 . Thus, no post-implantation losses--a reliable measure of dominant lethal mutations--were induced by @entity6 in @entity1 or @entity2 . The loss of fertility could be due to germinal @entity4 , @entity9 or impairment of fertilizing ability of the treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Studies on germinal effects of @entity6 , a naturally occurring XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity10 ) is one of the most widely occurring @entity5 ingested by @entity0 in food. It has been shown to be mutagenic in prokaryotes as well as in in vitro @entity0 cell lines. In view of the unavoidability of ingesting it via a normal diet, there is a need to assess the potential genetic risk to @entity0 , due to @entity7 ingestion, using whole animal assays. Dominant lethal studies have been carried out in adult Swiss male @entity1 and @entity2 male @entity2 to investigate the germinal effects of @entity6 . Adult Swiss males were treated with 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg of @entity6 dissolved in 60% @entity8 , intraperitoneally. In the @entity2 study, 200 and 300 mg/kg of @entity6 were used. Individually caged males were paired with untreated females for a week and six sequential matings were carried out. Two independent experiments in @entity1 and a single experiment in @entity2 constituted the study. Females were evaluated for inducted dominant lethality during the midterm of pregnancy. At 200 mg/kg dose of @entity6 , there were no significant differences between control and the test group in pregnancy, total or live implantations in @entity1 or @entity2 during the whole test period that could be attributed to the @entity7 exposure. In @entity1 at 300 and 400 mg/kg of @entity6 , there was a profound reduction in fertility of the males during all six matings. The number of total and live implantations also decreased, particularly at the 400 mg/kg dose, although the sample size was too small to be statistically significant. Contrary to this, the @entity2 study did not show any @entity3 , nor was there any substantial suppression of total and live implantations at the highest (300 mg/kg) dose tested. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups with regard to the number of dead implantations at any dosage level at any stage of the study in @entity1 and @entity2 . Thus, no post-implantation losses--a reliable measure of dominant lethal mutations--were induced by @entity6 in @entity1 or @entity2 . The loss of fertility could be due to germinal @entity4 , @entity9 or impairment of fertilizing ability of the treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Studies on germinal effects of XXXX , a naturally occurring @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nodal status is the most significant prognostic factor in @entity1 . No study has examined the relationship between lymphoscintigraphy, y probe counts, harvested nodes, and nodal status. METHODS: Two-hundred sixty two @entity0 were identified who underwent @entity2 biopsy for @entity1 between 2001 and 2010. Clinicopathologic and treatment information was collected. The number of lymph nodes and basins demonstrated on lymphoscintigraphy was compared to those at surgery. y Probe counts were compared. RESULTS: Median age was 54.5 years (range, 18-90 years) with 52.3% male. Average Breslow depth was 2.0 (1.9) mm; 99.6% of lymphoscintigraphy studies identified at least 1 basin, 80% showed only 1 (range, 0-4). Lymphoscintigraphy identified on average 1.5 (0.9) sentinel nodes and 31% with secondary node. Surgery excised on average 2.6 (1.4) nodes involving 1.2 (0.5) basins; 17.6% had a positive @entity2 . There was no difference in the sum or average of y counts between positive and negative @entity2 groups (P = 0.2, P = 0.5). When comparing lymphoscintigraphy and surgical excision, the correlation of lymphatic basins was r = 0.67 and of lymph node numbers was r = 0.33. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoscintigraphy should be used to identify the proper lymphatic basins for a sentinel node procedure, however, the removal of nodes must continue until the background count is less than 10%. The correlation of lymph node number identified on lymphoscintigraphy to surgical excision is weak. y Probe counts cannot be used to differentiate positive from negative nodes and the positive lymph node is not always the hottest node.

title: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for XXXX : Is There a Correlation of Preoperative Lymphatic Mapping With Sentinel Lymph Nodes Harvested?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering the suggested link between @entity3 insufficiency and several @entity1 , attention should be given to approaches for improving @entity3 status. Elderly subjects are regarded as a high-risk group for developing an insufficient @entity3 status. Socioeconomic, dietary, lifestyle and environmental factors are considered as influencing factors, whereupon sex differences in predictors of @entity3 status are rarely investigated. The purpose of this study is to identify the main predictors of serum @entity5 [ @entity4 ] concentrations in elderly subjects by taking into account potential sex differences. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in 162 independently living German elderly aged 66 to 96  years. Serum @entity4 concentrations were assessed by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of @entity4 concentrations stratified by sex. RESULTS: Median @entity4 concentration was 64  nmol/L and none of the subjects had @entity4 concentrations   <   25  nmol/L. In @entity0 , intact @entity2 (iPTH) (b   =   -0.323), % total body fat (b   =   -0.208), time spent outdoors (b   =   0.328), month of blood sampling (b   =   0.229) and intake of @entity3 supplements (b   =   0.172) were the predominant predictors of @entity4 , whereas in @entity0 , iPTH (b   =   -0.254), smoking (b   =   -0.282), physical activity (b   =   0.336) and monthly household net income (b   =   0.302) predicted @entity4 concentrations. The final regression models accounted for 30% and 32% of the variance in @entity4 concentrations in @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that @entity4 concentrations are influenced by body composition, month of blood sampling, economic factors, lifestyle, supplement intake and iPTH, but may not be associated with age, sex, dietary factors, kidney function and presence of selected @entity1 in community-dwelling elderly. Furthermore, our results provide evidence for sex-specific determinants of the @entity3 status, which ought to be considered for preventive strategies.

title: Sex-specific determinants of serum XXXX concentrations in an elderly German cohort: a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 is an idiopathic @entity1 with several clinical and roentgenographic features suggestive of @entity16 . In the absence of @entity4 , it is characterized by the microscopic presence of noncaseating epithelioid @entity12 in affected tissues. When present, constitutional symptoms, @entity3 , coughing, and exertional @entity15 usually develop insidiously, although occasionally Lofgren's syndrome--the triad of @entity17 , @entity19 and @entity10 --may herald the onset of @entity11 . @entity5 is the roentgenographic hallmark of @entity7 ; @entity17 is the most common manifestation. However, parenchymal infiltrates and @entity14 may occur. Although numerous bacterial and fungal organisms may mimic the clinical and roentgenographic features of @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity6 associated with @entity0 are the infectious processes most apt to cause diagnostic @entity13 . Several diagnostic clues are available to the clinician confronted with the consideration of @entity7 . @entity18 (stage 0, normal radiograph; stage I, isolated @entity17 ; stage II, hilar @entity17 and parenchymal involvement; stage III, isolated parenchymal involvement; and stage IV, parenchymal @entity2 ) provides a framework on which a differential diagnosis of likely infectious agents may be constructed and a history of travel to regions of endemic @entity6 may further narrow the differential diagnosis. An unexplained exudative lymphocytic @entity14 or @entity9 lymphocyte predominance in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid may also suggest a diagnosis of @entity7 . However, the definitive diagnosis of @entity7 is dependent upon the histological demonstration of noncaseating @entity12 and the exclusion of @entity4 in the appropriate clinical and roentgenographic setting.

title: Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a mimic of XXXX .

answer: @entity16


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 are concomitant to dislocated @entity2 in a high percentage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevance of @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy eight of an original cohort of 104 @entity2 (74  %) were studied over a follow-up period of one year after surgery with complete data (X-rays, CT, MRI, follow-up X-rays and questionnaire). RESULTS: Most of our @entity2 ( @entity3 ) present additional lesions: 97  %. One-year evaluation showed an average Castaing score of 4.5      2.5 points, means a "good" result of a scale of 0-27. Fifty five of seventy eight had an "excellent" or "good" result (<6 points). No @entity0 had more than 12 points ("fair"). CONCLUSIONS: The dislocated distal radial @entity2 implies severe and complex injury to the whole wrist, mostly concerning @entity1 (MRI). Surgical therapy of dislocated @entity2 followed by 6  weeks relief through thermoplastic splint seems to be sufficient to achieve good 1-year results. MRI-detectable carpal lesions at the time of the radial @entity2 are common, but only a few of them seem to decompensate later, give symptoms and became of therapeutic relevance.

title: 1-Year outcome of concomitant XXXX in @entity0 with dislocated distal radial fractures: a systematic assessment of 78 distal radial fractures.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 are concomitant to dislocated @entity2 in a high percentage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevance of @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy eight of an original cohort of 104 @entity2 (74  %) were studied over a follow-up period of one year after surgery with complete data (X-rays, CT, MRI, follow-up X-rays and questionnaire). RESULTS: Most of our @entity2 ( @entity3 ) present additional lesions: 97  %. One-year evaluation showed an average Castaing score of 4.5      2.5 points, means a "good" result of a scale of 0-27. Fifty five of seventy eight had an "excellent" or "good" result (<6 points). No @entity0 had more than 12 points ("fair"). CONCLUSIONS: The dislocated distal radial @entity2 implies severe and complex injury to the whole wrist, mostly concerning @entity1 (MRI). Surgical therapy of dislocated @entity2 followed by 6  weeks relief through thermoplastic splint seems to be sufficient to achieve good 1-year results. MRI-detectable carpal lesions at the time of the radial @entity2 are common, but only a few of them seem to decompensate later, give symptoms and became of therapeutic relevance.

title: 1-Year outcome of concomitant @entity1 in XXXX with dislocated distal radial fractures: a systematic assessment of 78 distal radial fractures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed anatomic characteristics of 44 @entity0 with @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to clarify the patterns of spinal cord expansion after decompression, their relationship to clinical recovery, and the capacity of the compressed spinal cord for restoration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No previous studies have clearly assessed the relationship between morphological changes of the spinal cord and clinical improvement after posterior decompression in @entity0 with @entity2 using computerized tomography myelography and intraoperative spinal sonography. METHODS: Forty-four @entity0 with @entity2 underwent posterior decompression. The diagnosis was @entity3 in 26 @entity0 and @entity1 in 18 @entity0 . The cross-sectional area, sagittal diameter, and frontal diameter of the spinal cord at the level of maximum compression were determined by computerized tomography myelography (performed before and 1 month after decompression) and by intraoperative spinal sonography. RESULTS: Expansion of the spinal cord was defined as immediate or gradual. Of the 44 @entity0 , 20 demonstrated gradual expansion, and their clinical recovery rate was 68.4%. In contrast, the clinical recovery rate of @entity0 without gradual expansion was only 32.6%. Good clinical recovery was significantly related to gradual expansion. The @entity0 were divided into four groups (A-D) based on the clinical recovery rate and compression ratio. Group A (severe compression and poor clinical recovery) showed a significantly smaller cross-sectional area of the spinal cord than Group D (severe compression, but good clinical recovery). CONCLUSIONS: Preservation of the cross-sectional area of the spinal cord, even when it is severely compressed and deformed, is an important factor in a good surgical outcome.

title: Spinal cord expansion after decompression in XXXX . Investigation by computed tomography myelography and ultrasonography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Stress proteins are constitutively expressed in normal CNS tissues, in a variety of cell types (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and neurons). Their function is uncertain but they may be critical during nervous system development and may protect cells from various stresses, such as @entity4 , @entity4 , and excessive excitatory stimulation. Increased amounts of stress proteins are expressed in various cells of the CNS during acute toxic-metabolic states and in more @entity3 . Increased expression of stress proteins may constitute a sensitive marker of cell injury. Antibodies to mycobacterial stress proteins bind to normal @entity0 myelin and to oligodendrocytes in regions of @entity2 . Cellular immune responses to stress proteins occur with increased frequency and magnitude in @entity0 with @entity1 , especially those with recent onset of disease. In addition, there are populations of T cells expressing gamma/delta T cells in the brains and CSF of @entity0 with @entity1 , suggesting an in situ immune response to @entity5 . Humoral immune responses to stress proteins are found in CSF, but no disease specificity has been documented. Some myelin proteins have sequence homology with particular stress proteins. One instance is the homology between a peptide of mycobacterial @entity6 and the myelin protein @entity7 . Preliminary observations suggest that immune responses to such cross-reactive epitopes modify the course of EAE. All in all, these data support the hypothesis that an immune response to the stress proteins of an infectious agent could result in a cross-reactive immune response to CNS myelin, resulting in @entity2 . This may be an especially important mechanism in @entity1 .

title: Stress proteins: their role in the normal central nervous system and in disease states, especially XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During early stages of postnatal development, pressure from the growing brain as well as cerebrospinal fluid, i.e. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), load the calvarial bones. It is likely that such loading contributes to the peripheral bone formation at the sutural edges of calvarial bones, especially shortly after birth when the brain is growing rapidly. The aim of this study was to quantify @entity1 during @entity0 development. A custom pressure monitoring system was developed and calibrated. It was then used to measure @entity1 in a total of seventy three wild type @entity0 at postnatal (P) day 3, 10, 20, 31 and 70. Retrospectively, the sample in each age group with the closest @entity1 to the average value was scanned using micro-computed tomography to estimate cranial growth. @entity1 increased from 1.33  0.87mmHg at P3 to 1.92  0.78mmHg at @entity3 and 3.60  1.08mmHg at @entity2 . In older animals, @entity1 plateaued at about 4mmHg. There were statistically significant differences between the @entity1 at the P3 vs. @entity2 , and @entity3 vs. @entity2 . In the samples that were scanned, intracranial volume and skull length followed a similar pattern of increase up to @entity2 and then plateaued at older ages. These data are consistent with the possibility of @entity1 being a contributing factor to bone formation at the sutures during early stages of development. The data can be further used for development and validation of computational models of skull growth.

title: Intracranial pressure changes during XXXX development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term results after one-, two-, and three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with stand-alone empty @entity8 ( @entity8 ) cages. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive @entity0 cohort that underwent ACDF with stand-alone empty @entity8 cages between 2007 and 2010 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Radiographic follow-up included static and flexion/extension radiographs. Changes in the operated segments were measured and compared to radiographs directly after surgery. Clinical outcome was evaluated by a physical examination, @entity1 visual analog scale (VAS), and health-related quality of life (HRQL) using the EuroQOL questionnaire (EQ-5D). Analysis of associations between fusion, subsidence, cervical alignment, and clinical outcome parameters were performed. RESULTS: Of 407 consecutive cases, 318 met all inclusion criteria. Follow-up data were obtained from 265 (83 %) cases. The mean age at presentation was 55 years and 139 @entity0 were male (52 %). In the sample, 127, 125, and 13 @entity0 had one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively; 132 (49 %) presented with @entity7 and 133 (50 %) with @entity5 . Fusion was achieved in 85, 95, and 94 % of segments in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. Non-fusion was associated with higher @entity3 levels. Radiographic @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was observed in 20, 29, and 15 % in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. @entity6 was associated with lower HRQL. Subsidence was observed in 25, 27, and 15 % of segments in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. However, this had no influence on clinical outcome. Follow-up operations for symptomatic adjacent @entity2 at index level were needed in 16 (6 %) and four (1.5 %) cases, respectively. Younger age was associated with better clinical outcome. Multilevel surgery favored better @entity4 outcomes and fusion reduced overall @entity1 . @entity6 worsened EuroQOL-Index values. Worsening of the cervical alignment induced arm @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: One- and two-level ACDF with stand-alone empty @entity8 cages achieved very high fusion rates and a low rate of follow-up operations. The rate of good clinical outcome is highly satisfactory. Younger age was the single most influential factor associated with better clinical outcome.

title: Clinical and radiological outcome after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with stand-alone empty XXXX ( @entity8 ) cages.

answer: @entity8