abstract: Despite extensive progress in characterizing the genetic events involved in the development of @entity1 , the cellular origin and the defined molecular mechanisms that lead to their occurrence are still unclear. It is known that @entity0 are of monoclonal origin. This is contrasted by the fact that @entity1 frequently express features of different glial cell lineages. With the identification of pluripotent neural stem cells and the growth factors that control neural cell development, we are now making early inroads towards understanding glial cell migration as well as the neural cell plasticity within the adult central nervous system (CNS). @entity1 share several fetal antigens with immature brain cells. It is therefore tempting to speculate that the migration of neural precursor cells actually represents the normal counterpart of @entity1 cell migration. The @entity2 may be due to a predetermined interplay between normal brain tissue and the migrating cells, where the brain represents a permissive tissue for guiding cells with certain phenotypic traits to migrate along specific anatomical structures. Malignant progression is also accompanied by extensive angiogenesis which is especially prominent in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). For cell proliferation to take place, several cell signaling cues mediated by specific growth factors are shared between the @entity1 cells and the endothelial cells while others are unique for endothelial cells. Therefore the endothelial cell compartment represents a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies including gene therapy and cell-based therapies.

title: Mechanisms of XXXX cell invasion and angiogenesis in the central nervous system.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cytofluorometric DNA measurements showed that about 55% of @entity2 (129 @entity0 ) had @entity1 with an abnormal DNA content (DNA aneuploidy). For @entity0 with such a @entity1 the prognosis was worse than for @entity0 with DNA diploid @entity1 . From the DNA histograms the number of S-phase cells was calculated. In @entity1 with the stage pT3, which disseminated to lymph nodes or metastasized, a higher number of S-phase cells was found than in @entity1 with the staging pT3N0M0. In all untreated @entity1 cells with micronuclei were found. This demonstrated cell loss. In most @entity1 this effect was considerable. The ratio:number of S-phase cells/number of cells with micronuclei may allow a rough estimate for cell turnover. In @entity0 with a bad prognosis and in those @entity0 who had a local recurrence after resection of the @entity1 this ratio was high. In 34 @entity0 the parameters were measured before and after preoperative radiotherapy. In some @entity1 a rapid increase of S-phase cells occurred after irradiation, this effect might express repopulation. In these @entity0 a local recurrence was frequently found. From the data obtained so far a prediction for local recurrences might be possible from the determination of nuclear protein bound SH-groups. The determination of micronuclei indicated that it can be used as a measure for radiation response in @entity1 . All parameters show a high variability between individual @entity1 . A further study is useful whether the measured parameters are suitable as predictors.

title: Predictive assays for the therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a single centre ongoing experience of endovascular treatment for @entity2 vertebral artery origin @entity3 in a series of symptomatic @entity0 , with follow up imaging to determine the incidence of @entity1 . METHODS: 14 @entity0 with vertebral artery origin @entity3 on catheter angiography were treated. Angioplasty without stenting was undertaken in the first four @entity0 , all of whom had follow up catheter angiography at one year. Subsequently, @entity0 were treated by primary stenting and followed up with colour Doppler ultrasound examination. RESULTS: The procedure was technically successful in all treated arteries, with no immediate complications. The degree of @entity3 was reduced from (mean (SD)) 73 (18)% before treatment to 21 (26)% immediately after treatment in the angioplasty alone group (p = 0.059). In the primary stenting @entity0 , the severity of @entity3 was reduced from 82 (8)% to 13 (13)% immediately after treatment (p < 0.001). @entity1 to 70% or greater occurred at one year in all four @entity0 initially treated by angioplasty without stenting. One @entity0 subsequently developed further symptoms and was retreated by stenting. One of the 10 @entity0 treated by primary stenting developed @entity1 . None of the remaining @entity0 had further posterior circulation ischaemic symptoms during a mean follow up period of 33.6 months (range 1 to 72 months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 occurs often after vertebral artery origin balloon angioplasty without stenting but is uncommon after stenting. Primary stenting is therefore recommended to maintain patency at this site, and had a low complication rate in this series.

title: Vertebral artery origin angioplasty and primary stenting: safety and XXXX rates in a prospective series.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Lipoprotein binding and metabolism in actively dividing (sparse) and quiescent (confluent) @entity0 aortic endothelial cells (EC) were compared quantitatively using 125I-labelled lipoproteins. The amounts of receptor-bound low density lipoproteins (LDL) decreased five- to ten-fold as the cultures progressed from sparse to confluent morphology. High affinity receptor-bound LDL levels were extremely low in confluent EC and accounted for the inability of confluent EC to internalize and degrade significant amounts of LDL. Conversely, the amounts of acetylated LDL (acLDL) bound and degraded via distinct sites increased at least five-fold during EC growth to confluence. LDL binding and metabolism in individual cells was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using @entity2 -labelled lipoproteins or @entity1 -conjugated antibodies. LDL and acLDL bound to the surfaces of sparse EC, at either 4 degrees or 37 degrees C, in a random distribution of fine punctate foci, contrary to a previous report. EC therefore appear to resemble fibroblasts in their distribution of surface LDL receptors. No binding or uptake of LDL was seen in confluent EC. Patterns of acLDL binding and uptake in confluent EC resembled those of LDL in sparse EC. Intracellular LDL and acLDL occurred as perinuclear accumulations of large fluorescent foci in sparse EC. Regeneration experiments were carried out in artificially wounded confluent cultures and renewed @entity3 activity was shown in actively-dividing cells which had migrated into the "wounded" areas. We conclude that quiescent endothelial cells metabolize little LDL via the @entity3 pathway due to a drastically reduced number of receptors in confluent cells. This contrasts with the ability of confluent cells to metabolize relatively large amounts of acLDL via a receptor-mediated mechanism.

title: Native and acetylated low density lipoprotein metabolism in proliferating and quiescent XXXX endothelial cells in culture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The importance of tools for the measurement of outcomes and needs in @entity1 is well recognised. The development of tools for these injuries in indigenous communities has been limited despite the well-documented disparity of @entity2 . The wairua theory of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in M  ori proposes that a culturally defined injury occurs in tandem with the @entity0 . A cultural response is therefore indicated. This research investigates a M  ori method used in the development of cultural needs assessment tool designed to further examine needs associated with the culturally determined injury and in preparation for formal validation. Whakawhiti k  rero is a method used to develop better statements in the development of the assessment tool. Four w  nanga (traditional fora) were held including one with wh  nau (extended family) with experience of @entity1 . The approach was well received. A final version, Te Waka Kuaka, is now ready for validation. Whakawhiti k  rero is an indigenous method used in the development of cultural needs assessment tool in M  ori @entity1 . This method is likely to have wider applicability, such as Mental Health and Addictions Services, to ensure robust process of outcome measure and needs assessment development.

title: Whakawhiti K  rero, a Method for the Development of a Cultural Assessment Tool, Te Waka Kuaka, in M  ori Traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Many @entity2 show differences between genders. We studied gender differences in childhood @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in an endemic area of Lyme borreliosis in Norway. Methods. In a population based study, all @entity0 (<14 years of age) with symptoms suspicious of @entity5 , including all @entity0 with acute @entity4 , were evaluated for @entity5 by medical history, clinical examination, blood tests, and lumbar puncture. @entity5 was diagnosed according to international criteria. Results. 142 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity5 during 2001-2009. @entity4 was more common in @entity0 (86%) than in @entity0 (62%) (p < 0.001), but @entity1 and/or neck stiffness as the only symptom was more common in @entity0 (30%) than in @entity0 (10%) (p = 0.003). The @entity0 were younger than @entity0 and had a shorter duration of symptoms, but @entity0 had a higher level of pleocytosis than @entity0 . In a multivariate analysis, both gender and having @entity1 and neck stiffness were associated with a higher level of pleocytosis. Conclusion. @entity0 and @entity0 have different clinical presentations of @entity5 , and @entity0 have a higher level of @entity3 than @entity0 independent of the clinical presentation.

title: Gender Differences in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study reports the findings in 74 mainly posttraumatic phthisical @entity0 eyes enucleated after varying time intervals. It was usually a result of severe @entity3 with marked @entity1 and @entity5 . In summary, the tissue reactions in these eyes are those known from wound healing elsewhere in the body with additional traction changes and @entity2 . In phthisis bulbi the complex reactions associated with inflammatory, healing, and scarring processes reach a maximum within the first 3 months, but can go on for years. Cell proliferation and transformation are early and important features of this process which lead to @entity6 and ciliochoroidal detachment, @entity2 and marked shrinkage of the globe. The results also indicate that reactions initiated by intraocular @entity1 have an important part in the development of phthisis bulbi. The process of phthisis bulbi is a process of wound healing in the sense of an intraocular @entity4 proliferative reaction. Main areas of proliferation are the pars plana of the ciliary body, the optic disc and the base of the iris. Finally degenerative changes will develop additionally. It appears that repair of the injured tissues with early primary (within 6 h) and secondary (within the first 2 weeks) intraocular surgery and other preventive surgical measures should be performed by an experienced surgeon. Further work on postoperative medical treatment to control the secondary reactions is needed. To compare the therapeutic efforts a 5-stage classification is proposed.

title: Phthisis bulbi--an intraocular XXXX proliferative reaction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is known to be of great value in the diagnosis of @entity6 , with an overall accuracy rate of 73-94 p. 100. However, investigators have essentially reported cases of liver metastases. In this report, we examined the diagnostic value of this method in the specific case of @entity2 associated with @entity3 . Twenty-seven @entity0 with @entity3 (20 alcoholic, 4 post- @entity4 , 3 @entity9 ) with ultrasonically suspected @entity4 were studied. They all presented severe @entity8 clotting disturbances and/or @entity7 . At the end of the study, all @entity0 had proven @entity2 (by post mortem biopsy in 14 cases and/or serum @entity5 greater than 500 microgram/l in 17 cases). There were 25 primary and 2 @entity1 . Twenty-nine fine needle aspiration biopsies were performed under ultrasonic guidance. material suitable for cytologic evaluation was obtained in 25 @entity0 . In 14 cases, a diagnosis of @entity6 was firmly established by cytological examination; it was suggested in 4 other cases. @entity2 typing was possible in 12 primary and 2 @entity1 , in agreement with the proven diagnosis. The present study shows that fine needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure in @entity6 associated with @entity3 .

title: [Value of ultrasound-guided cytopuncture in the diagnosis of @entity2 in XXXX . Study of 29 cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is known to be of great value in the diagnosis of @entity6 , with an overall accuracy rate of 73-94 p. 100. However, investigators have essentially reported cases of liver metastases. In this report, we examined the diagnostic value of this method in the specific case of @entity2 associated with @entity3 . Twenty-seven @entity0 with @entity3 (20 alcoholic, 4 post- @entity4 , 3 @entity9 ) with ultrasonically suspected @entity4 were studied. They all presented severe @entity8 clotting disturbances and/or @entity7 . At the end of the study, all @entity0 had proven @entity2 (by post mortem biopsy in 14 cases and/or serum @entity5 greater than 500 microgram/l in 17 cases). There were 25 primary and 2 @entity1 . Twenty-nine fine needle aspiration biopsies were performed under ultrasonic guidance. material suitable for cytologic evaluation was obtained in 25 @entity0 . In 14 cases, a diagnosis of @entity6 was firmly established by cytological examination; it was suggested in 4 other cases. @entity2 typing was possible in 12 primary and 2 @entity1 , in agreement with the proven diagnosis. The present study shows that fine needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure in @entity6 associated with @entity3 .

title: [Value of ultrasound-guided cytopuncture in the diagnosis of XXXX in @entity3 . Study of 29 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The distribution of axial load to the lower end of the tibia at different positions of the ankle joint for the anterior, middle, and posterior part of the joint was studied in both photoelastic models and @entity3 in cadaveric specimens. Synthetic models were used to simulate both normal ankle joints and ankles with @entity2 of the posterior lip of the tibia. Tests were performed with the ankle at dorsiflexed, neutral-flexed, and plantarflexed positions of the ankle joint. The clinical portion of the study evaluated 15 @entity0 with @entity2 of the posterior malleolus that comprised 0% to 33% of the articular surface. All @entity0 had open reduction and internal fixation through a posterolateral or posteromedial approach, and were allowed full weight bearing in a cast within 7 days of surgery. In the simulated models, the posterior one fourth of the ankle joint remains unloaded in the majority of the cases. The stresses are greatly increased when the load is doubled and are mainly distributed to the 2 central quadrants. With additional axial load, the fourth quadrant sustained little increase in the load bearing. All @entity0 have had an uneventful recovery. By the second @entity1 , they were able to walk normally and had a painless range of motion of the ankle. By the third month, all @entity0 were able to undertake their daily activities, and all @entity2 were consolidated. The clinical relevance of this study is early weight bearing, after open reduction internal fixation of posterior malleolar @entity2 of the ankle joint, facilitates recovery, promotes @entity2 union, and allows the @entity0 to assume normal activity by the third month after surgery.

title: Early weight bearing after XXXX : an experimental and prospective clinical study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is the most common @entity2 among females in India. @entity2 usually spreads by local extension and through the lymphatic drainage to the lymph nodes. Hematogenous spread, the mechanism responsible for distant @entity1 , is rarely seen in cervical @entity2 . In this communication, we report a case of a 45-year-old @entity0 who presented with unilateral decrease in vision of 3 months duration. She was found to have a @entity5 with underlying diffuse, subretinal yellowish-cream colored infiltrates in the right eye, suspicious of choroidal @entity1 . Systemic evaluation showed disseminated systemic @entity1 arising from a primary @entity3 . In this communication, we review all the documented cases of @entity4 and adnexa arising from cervical @entity2 and their clinical characteristics. Unilateral choroidal @entity1 arising from an @entity3 is extremely rare with only one previous documented case. Although uncommon, choroidal @entity1 may be the presenting feature of primary cervical @entity2 . Furthermore, cervical @entity2 must be ruled out in @entity0 who present with orbital or choroidal @entity1 arising from unknown primary.

title: Metastatic XXXX presenting as a choroidal mass: A case report and review of literature of cervical @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is the most common @entity2 among females in India. @entity2 usually spreads by local extension and through the lymphatic drainage to the lymph nodes. Hematogenous spread, the mechanism responsible for distant @entity1 , is rarely seen in cervical @entity2 . In this communication, we report a case of a 45-year-old @entity0 who presented with unilateral decrease in vision of 3 months duration. She was found to have a @entity5 with underlying diffuse, subretinal yellowish-cream colored infiltrates in the right eye, suspicious of choroidal @entity1 . Systemic evaluation showed disseminated systemic @entity1 arising from a primary @entity3 . In this communication, we review all the documented cases of @entity4 and adnexa arising from cervical @entity2 and their clinical characteristics. Unilateral choroidal @entity1 arising from an @entity3 is extremely rare with only one previous documented case. Although uncommon, choroidal @entity1 may be the presenting feature of primary cervical @entity2 . Furthermore, cervical @entity2 must be ruled out in @entity0 who present with orbital or choroidal @entity1 arising from unknown primary.

title: Metastatic @entity3 presenting as a choroidal mass: A case report and review of literature of cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 plays pivotal roles in @entity2 -associated type 2 @entity1 (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of @entity5 in @entity0 remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM-associated @entity3 . METHODS: Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell-associated cytokines in aCD3/aCD28-stimulated PBMCs, or B cell-depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI-matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular @entity4 in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines. RESULTS: T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 cytokines are specifically important for classifying individuals correctly as T2DM. Multivariate analyses indicated that B cells support Th17 @entity3 in T2DM but not control samples, while monocytes supported Th17 @entity3 regardless of T2DM status. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated that both Th17 and @entity6 cytokines impact %HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Among various T cell subsets, Th17 cells are major contributors to @entity3 and @entity7 and are uniquely supported by B cells in @entity2 -associated T2DM.

title: Th17 cytokines differentiate @entity2 from @entity2 -associated type 2 @entity1 and promote XXXX production.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 plays pivotal roles in @entity2 -associated type 2 @entity1 (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of @entity5 in @entity0 remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM-associated @entity3 . METHODS: Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell-associated cytokines in aCD3/aCD28-stimulated PBMCs, or B cell-depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI-matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular @entity4 in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines. RESULTS: T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 cytokines are specifically important for classifying individuals correctly as T2DM. Multivariate analyses indicated that B cells support Th17 @entity3 in T2DM but not control samples, while monocytes supported Th17 @entity3 regardless of T2DM status. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated that both Th17 and @entity6 cytokines impact %HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Among various T cell subsets, Th17 cells are major contributors to @entity3 and @entity7 and are uniquely supported by B cells in @entity2 -associated T2DM.

title: Th17 cytokines differentiate XXXX from @entity2 -associated type 2 @entity1 and promote @entity4 production.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 plays pivotal roles in @entity2 -associated type 2 @entity1 (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of @entity5 in @entity0 remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM-associated @entity3 . METHODS: Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell-associated cytokines in aCD3/aCD28-stimulated PBMCs, or B cell-depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI-matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular @entity4 in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines. RESULTS: T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 cytokines are specifically important for classifying individuals correctly as T2DM. Multivariate analyses indicated that B cells support Th17 @entity3 in T2DM but not control samples, while monocytes supported Th17 @entity3 regardless of T2DM status. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated that both Th17 and @entity6 cytokines impact %HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Among various T cell subsets, Th17 cells are major contributors to @entity3 and @entity7 and are uniquely supported by B cells in @entity2 -associated T2DM.

title: Th17 cytokines differentiate @entity2 from XXXX -associated type 2 @entity1 and promote @entity4 production.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 plays pivotal roles in @entity2 -associated type 2 @entity1 (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of @entity5 in @entity0 remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM-associated @entity3 . METHODS: Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell-associated cytokines in aCD3/aCD28-stimulated PBMCs, or B cell-depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI-matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular @entity4 in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines. RESULTS: T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 cytokines are specifically important for classifying individuals correctly as T2DM. Multivariate analyses indicated that B cells support Th17 @entity3 in T2DM but not control samples, while monocytes supported Th17 @entity3 regardless of T2DM status. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated that both Th17 and @entity6 cytokines impact %HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Among various T cell subsets, Th17 cells are major contributors to @entity3 and @entity7 and are uniquely supported by B cells in @entity2 -associated T2DM.

title: Th17 cytokines differentiate @entity2 from @entity2 -associated type 2 XXXX and promote @entity4 production.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In @entity10 , @entity1 is frequent (50% of the cases). The authors report a case of @entity8 -synthetase deficiency-induced @entity10 associated with @entity1 of a common iliac vein. This @entity0 presented with a @entity7 which was related to severe @entity9 and which was corrected by treatment. @entity10 was @entity6 independent as witnessed by the fact that Brand's reaction remained positive with @entity5 therapy and @entity8 . @entity8 -synthetase activity measured in cultured fibroblasts increased only slightly with @entity6 therapy. Treatment ( @entity11 , @entity2 , @entity4 ) induced the disappearance of plasma @entity3 . Clinically, the @entity0 whose treatment came late in the course of her disease, was only slightly improved. Hypotheses about etiopathogenic mechanisms of this disease are discussed. Difficulties of treatment and diet are reviewed. The relative inefficacy of therapy, even in case with early treatment, makes antenatal diagnosis preferable to neonatal diagnosis.

title: [ XXXX . A type with vascular @entity1 and @entity9 ].

answer: @entity10


abstract: In @entity10 , @entity1 is frequent (50% of the cases). The authors report a case of @entity8 -synthetase deficiency-induced @entity10 associated with @entity1 of a common iliac vein. This @entity0 presented with a @entity7 which was related to severe @entity9 and which was corrected by treatment. @entity10 was @entity6 independent as witnessed by the fact that Brand's reaction remained positive with @entity5 therapy and @entity8 . @entity8 -synthetase activity measured in cultured fibroblasts increased only slightly with @entity6 therapy. Treatment ( @entity11 , @entity2 , @entity4 ) induced the disappearance of plasma @entity3 . Clinically, the @entity0 whose treatment came late in the course of her disease, was only slightly improved. Hypotheses about etiopathogenic mechanisms of this disease are discussed. Difficulties of treatment and diet are reviewed. The relative inefficacy of therapy, even in case with early treatment, makes antenatal diagnosis preferable to neonatal diagnosis.

title: [ @entity10 . A type with vascular @entity1 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: In @entity10 , @entity1 is frequent (50% of the cases). The authors report a case of @entity8 -synthetase deficiency-induced @entity10 associated with @entity1 of a common iliac vein. This @entity0 presented with a @entity7 which was related to severe @entity9 and which was corrected by treatment. @entity10 was @entity6 independent as witnessed by the fact that Brand's reaction remained positive with @entity5 therapy and @entity8 . @entity8 -synthetase activity measured in cultured fibroblasts increased only slightly with @entity6 therapy. Treatment ( @entity11 , @entity2 , @entity4 ) induced the disappearance of plasma @entity3 . Clinically, the @entity0 whose treatment came late in the course of her disease, was only slightly improved. Hypotheses about etiopathogenic mechanisms of this disease are discussed. Difficulties of treatment and diet are reviewed. The relative inefficacy of therapy, even in case with early treatment, makes antenatal diagnosis preferable to neonatal diagnosis.

title: [ @entity10 . A type with vascular XXXX and @entity9 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared gastrointestinal (GI) and @entity8 in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity6 (LAPC) undergoing definitive chemoradiation using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) planning. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively studied 205 @entity0 with LAPC undergoing IMRT (n = 134) and 3D-CRT (n = 71) between May 2003 and March 2012. @entity0 , @entity1 , and treatment characteristics and acute GI/hematology @entity3 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0, were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test association between acute grade 2+ GI and @entity8 outcomes and predictors. Propensity score analysis for grade 2+ @entity5 was performed to reduce bias for confounding variables: age, gender, radiation dose, field size, and chemotherapy type. RESULTS: Median follow-up time for survivors was 22 months and was similar between groups. Median RT dose was significantly higher for IMRT versus 3D-CRT (5600 cGy vs 5040 cGy, P < .001); concurrent chemotherapy was mainly @entity2 (56%) or @entity7 (38%). Grade 2+ @entity5 occurred in 34% (n = 24) of 3D-CRT compared with 16% (n = 21) of IMRT @entity0 . Using propensity score analysis, 3D-CRT had significantly higher grade 2+ @entity5 (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.45; P = .001). Grade 2+ @entity8 was similar between IMRT and 3D-CRT groups, but was significantly greater in recipients of concurrent @entity2 than in @entity7 (62% vs 29%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: IMRT is associated with significant lower grade 2+ @entity5 versus 3D-CRT for @entity0 undergoing definitive chemoradiation therapy for LAPC. Because IMRT is better tolerated at higher doses and may allow further dose escalation, potentially improving local control for this @entity4 . Further prospective studies of dose-escalated chemoradiation using IMRT are warranted.

title: Intensity modulated radiation therapy reduces gastrointestinal @entity3 in locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared gastrointestinal (GI) and @entity8 in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity6 (LAPC) undergoing definitive chemoradiation using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) planning. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively studied 205 @entity0 with LAPC undergoing IMRT (n = 134) and 3D-CRT (n = 71) between May 2003 and March 2012. @entity0 , @entity1 , and treatment characteristics and acute GI/hematology @entity3 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0, were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test association between acute grade 2+ GI and @entity8 outcomes and predictors. Propensity score analysis for grade 2+ @entity5 was performed to reduce bias for confounding variables: age, gender, radiation dose, field size, and chemotherapy type. RESULTS: Median follow-up time for survivors was 22 months and was similar between groups. Median RT dose was significantly higher for IMRT versus 3D-CRT (5600 cGy vs 5040 cGy, P < .001); concurrent chemotherapy was mainly @entity2 (56%) or @entity7 (38%). Grade 2+ @entity5 occurred in 34% (n = 24) of 3D-CRT compared with 16% (n = 21) of IMRT @entity0 . Using propensity score analysis, 3D-CRT had significantly higher grade 2+ @entity5 (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.45; P = .001). Grade 2+ @entity8 was similar between IMRT and 3D-CRT groups, but was significantly greater in recipients of concurrent @entity2 than in @entity7 (62% vs 29%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: IMRT is associated with significant lower grade 2+ @entity5 versus 3D-CRT for @entity0 undergoing definitive chemoradiation therapy for LAPC. Because IMRT is better tolerated at higher doses and may allow further dose escalation, potentially improving local control for this @entity4 . Further prospective studies of dose-escalated chemoradiation using IMRT are warranted.

title: Intensity modulated radiation therapy reduces gastrointestinal XXXX in locally advanced @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity5 @entity7 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity4 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity6 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity5 @entity7 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2 , 2 in @entity6 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 , @entity2 and XXXX mutations and @entity5 @entity7 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity5 @entity7 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity4 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity6 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity5 @entity7 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2 , 2 in @entity6 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 mutations and @entity5 XXXX in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity5 @entity7 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity4 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity6 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity5 @entity7 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2 , 2 in @entity6 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 mutations and XXXX @entity7 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity5 @entity7 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity4 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity6 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity5 @entity7 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2 , 2 in @entity6 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: XXXX , @entity2 and @entity6 mutations and @entity5 @entity7 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity5 @entity7 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity4 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity6 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity5 @entity7 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2 , 2 in @entity6 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 mutations and @entity5 @entity7 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity5 @entity7 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity4 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity6 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity5 @entity7 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2 , 2 in @entity6 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 , XXXX and @entity6 mutations and @entity5 @entity7 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Most @entity0 with biopsy-proven @entity3 ( @entity3 ) show complete resolution of radiographic lesions with treatment, but some @entity0 do not respond to treatment and progress to @entity4 . The authors investigated the prognostic implication of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) features in this condition. METHOD: We reviewed the high-resolution CT findings of 26 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 by histopathology, who had radiographic follow-up for a median of 44 weeks after treatment. We scored the presence and extent of each pretreatment high-resolution CT finding (ground-glass opacity, consolidation, nodules, @entity1 , and honeycombing). The predominant pattern and distribution of the lesions were recorded. Follow-up radiographs were used to determine whether the parenchymal abnormalities had regressed or progressed in response to treatment. RESULTS: Of the 26 @entity0 , 9 had persistent or progressive parenchymal abnormalities at follow-up (group 1), whereas 17 had complete or partial @entity2 (group 2). Consolidation was present on the initial CT scan in 14 (82%) of the 17 @entity0 in group 2, but in only 2 of the 9 @entity0 in group 1 (P = 0.009). None of the 6 @entity0 who had @entity2 as the predominant pattern on initial CT showed complete resolution on follow-up imaging (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity3 , the CT finding of consolidation is associated with partial or complete resolution, whereas @entity1 is associated with persistent or progressive disease.

title: XXXX : prognostic implication of high-resolution computed tomography features.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 is a known but uncommon element in the course of @entity1 . @entity6 has been described during the chronic progressive phase and during the relapse phase. We report five @entity0 with clinically definite @entity1 who developed transient @entity2 during the relapse phase of their disease. Agueusia occurred as one of the first symptoms in three @entity0 , revealing the disease. Symptoms generally improved with remission or corticosteroid administration. These disorders are due to demyelinating lesions of the gustatory pathways in the thalamus or brainstem. MRI studies were not performed during the relapse phase and no clinical neuroimaging correlations could be established. Agueusia may be accompanied by @entity8 which is due to plaque demyelinization of the olfactory pathways, particularly in the temporal and @entity3 . @entity7 can also be observed in other diseases, including @entity4 such as @entity5 or Sjogr  n's syndrome. Drug-induced @entity2 are also reported.

title: [ @entity2 during XXXX relapse].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is a known but uncommon element in the course of @entity1 . @entity6 has been described during the chronic progressive phase and during the relapse phase. We report five @entity0 with clinically definite @entity1 who developed transient @entity2 during the relapse phase of their disease. Agueusia occurred as one of the first symptoms in three @entity0 , revealing the disease. Symptoms generally improved with remission or corticosteroid administration. These disorders are due to demyelinating lesions of the gustatory pathways in the thalamus or brainstem. MRI studies were not performed during the relapse phase and no clinical neuroimaging correlations could be established. Agueusia may be accompanied by @entity8 which is due to plaque demyelinization of the olfactory pathways, particularly in the temporal and @entity3 . @entity7 can also be observed in other diseases, including @entity4 such as @entity5 or Sjogr  n's syndrome. Drug-induced @entity2 are also reported.

title: [ XXXX during @entity1 relapse].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of @entity1 and @entity3 and their association with lipid profile alterations on apparently healthy individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela. We evaluated 306 @entity0 and 41 @entity0 , ages ranging from 33 to 65 years. All subjects underwent cardiovascular evaluation and laboratory examination after 10-12 h fasting, for glycaemia, total @entity2 , TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C and HDL-C as well as insulin. Seventy-four percent of @entity0 and 56.1% of @entity0 showed @entity1 (BMI > 25 Kg/m2). @entity0 showed high concentrations of TG (48.3%), total @entity2 (40.2%), VLDL-C (48.3%) and LDL-C (33.9%) and low HDL-C levels (48%). The most frequent alteration on the lipid profile in @entity0 was high total @entity2 (46%) and LDL-C (51.2%). @entity0 had significantly higher insulin concentrations than @entity0 (p < 0.005). After they were classified as @entity1 , the @entity1 subjects ( @entity0 and @entity0 ) showed higher prevalence of lipid profile alterations and insulin concentrations than non @entity1 . The insulin concentration in @entity1 @entity0 correlated with BMI, TG, VLDL-C and HDL and, in @entity0 with BMI, TG and VLDL-C. In conclusion, a high percentage of @entity0 and @entity0 in this study showed @entity1 and this @entity1 , specially in @entity0 , was strongly associated with lipid profile alterations and high insulin concentrations both well known cardiovascular risk factors.

title: [Prevalence of @entity1 and XXXX : its association with serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in healthy individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of @entity1 and @entity3 and their association with lipid profile alterations on apparently healthy individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela. We evaluated 306 @entity0 and 41 @entity0 , ages ranging from 33 to 65 years. All subjects underwent cardiovascular evaluation and laboratory examination after 10-12 h fasting, for glycaemia, total @entity2 , TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C and HDL-C as well as insulin. Seventy-four percent of @entity0 and 56.1% of @entity0 showed @entity1 (BMI > 25 Kg/m2). @entity0 showed high concentrations of TG (48.3%), total @entity2 (40.2%), VLDL-C (48.3%) and LDL-C (33.9%) and low HDL-C levels (48%). The most frequent alteration on the lipid profile in @entity0 was high total @entity2 (46%) and LDL-C (51.2%). @entity0 had significantly higher insulin concentrations than @entity0 (p < 0.005). After they were classified as @entity1 , the @entity1 subjects ( @entity0 and @entity0 ) showed higher prevalence of lipid profile alterations and insulin concentrations than non @entity1 . The insulin concentration in @entity1 @entity0 correlated with BMI, TG, VLDL-C and HDL and, in @entity0 with BMI, TG and VLDL-C. In conclusion, a high percentage of @entity0 and @entity0 in this study showed @entity1 and this @entity1 , specially in @entity0 , was strongly associated with lipid profile alterations and high insulin concentrations both well known cardiovascular risk factors.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX and @entity3 : its association with serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in healthy individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A study of the topological effects, viz., the Jahn-Teller (JT) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) effects, in CO2(+) has been carried out by calculating nonadiabatic coupling terms (NACTs) at the state-averaged CASSCF level using the cc-pVTZ basis set for the lowest three A' states and one A    state along a circular contour. Using the NACTs, the privileged adiabatic-to-diabatic transformation (ADT) angles (y12) for 1A' and 2A' states of @entity1 (+) have been calculated along various circular contours. Employing one of the @entity0 atoms as the test particle exposed two conical intersections (ci) located on each side of the CO diatom. The main purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of forming reliable diabatic potential energy surfaces for this system. Success in achieving this goal is guaranteed by the ability to calculate quantized privileged ADT angles along closed contours covering large regions in configuration space (see, e.g., J. Phys. Chem. A 2014 , 118 , 6361 ). The calculations were carried out for two and three JT states. In most cases very nice quantization has been achieved although the calculations were frequently done, as required, for large regions in configuration space (sometimes >= 18   (2)). In one case, for which the quantization was not gratifying, the inclusion of the @entity2 effect modified it considerably.

title: Study of Topological Effects Concerning the Lowest A    and the Three A' States for the XXXX Ion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Many guidelines for clinical decisions are hierarchical and nonlinear. Evaluating if these guidelines are used in practice requires methods that can identify such structures and thresholds. Classification and regression trees ( @entity5 ) were used to analyse prescribing patterns of Australian general practitioners (GPs) for the primary prevention of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Our aim was to identify if GPs use absolute risk (AR) guidelines in favour of individual risk factors to inform their prescribing decisions of lipid-lowering medications. METHODS: We employed administrative prescribing information that is linked to @entity0 -level data from a clinical assessment and @entity0 survey (the AusHeart Study), and assessed prescribing of lipid-lowering medications over a 12-month period for @entity0 (n  =  1903) who were not using such medications prior to recruitment. @entity5 models were developed to explain prescribing practice. Out-of-sample performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and optimised via pruning. RESULTS: We found that individual risk factors (low-density lipoprotein, @entity1 , @entity4 and a history of @entity2 ), GP-estimated rather than Framingham AR, and sociodemographic factors (household income, education) were the predominant drivers of GP prescribing. However, sociodemographic factors and some individual risk factors ( @entity4 and @entity2 history) only become relevant for @entity0 with a particular profile of other risk factors. The ROC area under the curve was 0.63 (95  % confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.64). CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence that AR guidelines recommended by the National Heart Foundation and National @entity3 Prevention Alliance, or conditional individual risk eligibility guidelines from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, are adopted in prescribing practice. The hierarchy of conditional relationships between risk factors and socioeconomic factors identified by @entity5 provides new insights into prescribing decisions. Overall, @entity5 is a useful addition to the analyst's toolkit when investigating healthcare decisions.

title: Using Classification and Regression Trees ( @entity5 ) to Identify Prescribing Thresholds for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Many guidelines for clinical decisions are hierarchical and nonlinear. Evaluating if these guidelines are used in practice requires methods that can identify such structures and thresholds. Classification and regression trees ( @entity5 ) were used to analyse prescribing patterns of Australian general practitioners (GPs) for the primary prevention of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Our aim was to identify if GPs use absolute risk (AR) guidelines in favour of individual risk factors to inform their prescribing decisions of lipid-lowering medications. METHODS: We employed administrative prescribing information that is linked to @entity0 -level data from a clinical assessment and @entity0 survey (the AusHeart Study), and assessed prescribing of lipid-lowering medications over a 12-month period for @entity0 (n  =  1903) who were not using such medications prior to recruitment. @entity5 models were developed to explain prescribing practice. Out-of-sample performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and optimised via pruning. RESULTS: We found that individual risk factors (low-density lipoprotein, @entity1 , @entity4 and a history of @entity2 ), GP-estimated rather than Framingham AR, and sociodemographic factors (household income, education) were the predominant drivers of GP prescribing. However, sociodemographic factors and some individual risk factors ( @entity4 and @entity2 history) only become relevant for @entity0 with a particular profile of other risk factors. The ROC area under the curve was 0.63 (95  % confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.64). CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence that AR guidelines recommended by the National Heart Foundation and National @entity3 Prevention Alliance, or conditional individual risk eligibility guidelines from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, are adopted in prescribing practice. The hierarchy of conditional relationships between risk factors and socioeconomic factors identified by @entity5 provides new insights into prescribing decisions. Overall, @entity5 is a useful addition to the analyst's toolkit when investigating healthcare decisions.

title: Using Classification and Regression Trees ( XXXX ) to Identify Prescribing Thresholds for @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A gradual decrement in @entity2 is observed following repeated exposure to the same stressor, such as repeated restraint. This decrement, termed habituation, may be partly due to alterations in @entity3 -mediated negative feedback inhibition of the @entity2 . We have previously found that the posterior division of the paraventricular thalamus (pPVTh) regulates habituated HPA activity without altering HPA responses to acute stress. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the role of the pPVTh in delayed feedback inhibition of plasma @entity3 responses to repeated restraint. @entity1 was administered subcutaneously 2 h prior to 30 min restraint to induce delayed negative feedback inhibition of the @entity2 . In the first experiment, we determined that a 0.05-mg/kg dose of @entity1 produced submaximal suppression of @entity3 responses to acute restraint and used this dose in the remainder of the experiments. In Experiment 2, we examined @entity1 -induced feedback inhibition to @entity3 responses to a single or eighth restraint exposure since negative feedback functions in chronically stressed @entity0 are not well studied. We found that @entity3 levels following @entity1 treatment were similar in repeatedly restrained compared to acutely restrained @entity0 . In Experiment 3, we lesioned the pPVTh and examined @entity1 -induced feedback inhibition of @entity3 responses to a single or eighth exposure to restraint. pPVTh lesions attenuated @entity1 -induced inhibition of @entity3 at 30 min in chronically stressed @entity0 but had no effect in acutely stressed @entity0 . These data suggest that negative feedback functions are maintained in @entity0 exposed to repeated restraint and implicate the pPVTh as a site that contributes to these negative feedback functions specifically under chronic stress conditions.

title: Negative feedback functions in chronically stressed XXXX : role of the posterior paraventricular thalamus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 undergoing splenectomy have increased operative morbidity and mortality, especially when associated with gastrointestinal surgery or injury. This present study was designed to assess the effect of splenectomy on mortality in a polymicrobial @entity2 model and evaluate therapy with antibiotic ( @entity6 ) or immunomodulation (glucan). @entity0 stool-barium (0.15 cc) was placed in the peritoneum of @entity1 at the time of splenectomy or sham surgery. Splenectomy animals were then treated with 5% @entity4 , @entity6 (60 mg im q 6 hr), glucan (7.5 mg ip prior to surgery), or @entity6 plus glucan. Splenectomy resulted in decreased survival (5% vs 30%, P less than 0.05). Treatment with @entity6 (90%) or glucan (47%) significantly improved survival. Combined glucan- @entity6 therapy had no improvement over @entity6 alone. Peritoneal and blood cultures were performed 12 hr postoperatively. There were no significant differences in growth of bacteria between sham and splenectomy animals. @entity6 treatment resulted in lower growth of bacteria from both blood and peritoneum (P less than 0.05). Glucan treatment caused a significant @entity3 (P less than 0.05). Intravascular colloidal @entity5 clearance and leucocyte counts were performed at 12 hr postoperatively. Presence of @entity2 significantly enhanced intravascular clearance, while splenectomy had no effect. Addition of glucan or @entity6 therapy to splenectomy animals did not enhance intravascular clearance. Leucocyte counts were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) when splenectomy was added to @entity2 animals. Glucan and @entity6 therapy did not increase leucocyte counts. Based on these studies we conclude that (1) splenectomy increases mortality in @entity2 , (2) antibiotic and immunomodulator afford some protection, and (3) exact mechanism of protection remains unclear.

title: Adverse effect of splenectomy in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The regulation of the compatible solute transport systems in @entity1 by the stress-inducible sigma factor sigma(B) was investigated. Using wild-type strain 10403S and an otherwise isogenic strain carrying an in-frame deletion in sigB, we have examined the role of sigma(B) in regulating the ability of cells to utilize betaine and @entity2 during growth under conditions of hyperosmotic stress. Cells lacking sigma(B) were defective for the utilization of @entity2 but retained the ability to utilize betaine as an osmoprotectant. When compatible solute transport studies were performed, the initial rates of uptake of both betaine and @entity2 were found to be reduced in the sigB mutant; @entity2 transport was almost abolished, whereas betaine transport was reduced to approximately 50% of that of the parent strain. Analysis of the cytoplasmic pools of compatible solutes during balanced growth revealed that both @entity2 and betaine steady-state pools were reduced in the sigB mutant. Transcriptional reporter fusions to the opuC (which encodes an ABC @entity2 transporter) and betL (which encodes an a secondary betaine transporter) operons were generated by using a promoterless copy of the gus gene from @entity0 . Measurement of beta-glucuronidase activities directed by opuC-gus and betL-gus revealed that transcription of opuC is largely sigma(B) dependent, consistent with the existence of a potential sigma(B) consensus promoter motif upstream from opuCA. The transcription of betL was found to be sigB independent. Reverse transcriptase PCR experiments confirmed these data and indicated that the transcription of all three known compatible solute uptake systems (opuC, betL, and gbu), as well as a gene that is predicted to encode a compatible solute transporter subunit (lmo1421) is induced in response to elevated osmolarity. The osmotic induction of opuCA and lmo1421 was found to be strongly sigma(B) dependent. Together these observations suggest that sigma(B) plays a major role in the regulation of @entity2 utilization by @entity1 but is not essential for betaine utilization by this pathogen.

title: Role of sigmaB in regulating the compatible solute uptake systems of XXXX : osmotic induction of opuC is sigmaB dependent.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a progressive disease leading to loss of glomerular filtration rate (/\GFR, measured in ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year). /\GFR is usually assumed to be constant, but the hyperfiltration theory suggests that it accelerates in severe uraemia. A retrospective analysis of estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated from the Modification of Diet in @entity1 equation was performed to evaluate whether /\GFR is constant or accelerating. METHODS: 1,441 @entity0 attending a nephrology clinic over a 21-year period, with an initial eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and an observation period >= 2 years, were included. eGFR was calculated from all creatinine measurements. 420 @entity0 developed @entity2 ( @entity2 ). First- and second-order polynomial regression analysis of eGFR against time was performed for each @entity0 individually. @entity0 had accelerating uraemia progression if the second-order term coefficient was negative. RESULTS: The initial eGFR was 30.8   15.1 ml/min/1.73 m(2). The second-order coefficient was median -0.15 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year(2) (interquartile range -0.92, +0.34). Significantly more @entity0 had an accelerating loss (62%, p < 0.001). Acceleration was mainly seen when eGFR was <30 ml/min. /\GFR was mean 1.47    4.5 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year (male 1.67, female 1.22). @entity2 @entity0 lost 5.4    5.4 ml/min/year/1.73 m(2) during the last year before @entity2 . Accelerating loss was seen for all diagnoses except @entity5 . Diagnoses with higher /\GFR were @entity1 (3.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year), hypertensive @entity1 (2.1 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year) and @entity4 (2.6 ml/min/ 1.73 m(2)/year). There was no evidence of improvement in overall uraemia progression during the period of observation. CONCLUSIONS: Uraemia progression in @entity3 stages 3-5 is not linear, but shows an accelerating trend. This suggests that hyperfiltration mechanisms play a role in @entity3 progression. @entity2 cannot thus be predicted from previous /\GFR alone.

title: Uraemia progression in XXXX stages 3-5 is not constant.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of dynamic ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of @entity1 and to compare dynamic US with urodynamic study, which is considered to be the standard in the diagnosis of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Images from 71 pairs of examinations in 63 @entity0 (median age, 7.9 years; range 1.0-17.4 years) were included in the study. After the @entity0 consumed adequate fluids in an appropriate environment, natural filling of the bladder occurred, and dynamic US was used to evaluate detrusor activity, determine capacity of the bladder, and estimate residual urine volume. A urodynamic study was performed in every @entity0 within 6 months of dynamic US and under the same treatment conditions. The paired Student t test was used to compare the maximal cystometric capacity values obtained with the two examinations. Analysis of validity was performed with the calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and their respective 95% confidence limits. RESULTS: The bladder capacity was not significantly different between dynamic US and urodynamic study (P =.12). Analysis of validity for the determination of the presence of clinically substantial residual urine showed 97.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity for dynamic US. The sensitivity and specificity of dynamic US in the detection of involuntary detrusor contraction were 93.0% and 88.9%, respectively. In the analysis of involuntary detrusor contraction with urine leakage, dynamic US showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.8%. CONCLUSION: Dynamic US is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of @entity1 .

title: XXXX : diagnosis with dynamic US.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations in objective swallowing parameters in @entity0 reporting @entity3 after anterior cervical-spine surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity3 is increasingly recognized as a potential complication of anterior surgical approaches to the cervical spine. Retraction pressure on the esophagus that alters blood flow, @entity1 of the pharynx, and @entity4 are among factors implicated. There has been little investigation of the biomechanics of swallowing in a large cohort of @entity0 reporting postoperative @entity3 . METHODS: The fluoroscopic swallow studies of all @entity0 reporting @entity3 after anterior c-spine surgery between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2008, were retrospectively reviewed. The dysphagic cohort was divided into early (<2 months postsurgery) and late (>2 months) groups. @entity2 and completeness of epiglottic inversion were noted. Objective measures of pharyngeal wall thickness, upper esophageal sphincter opening, hyoid displacement, pharyngeal constriction, and pharyngeal transit time were abstracted and compared to the same parameters in age and sex-matched normal control subjects. Analysis of variance was used for statistical comparison of objective measures across groups. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity0 were identified. Significant differences were identified between control subjects and both @entity0 groups, as well as between the 2 @entity0 groups, for most objective measures considered. Instances of @entity2 were identified in 50% of @entity0 in the early postoperative group, reduced to 18% in the later group. Significantly increased pharyngeal wall thickness and poor epiglottic inversion were characteristic of both c-spine groups. CONCLUSION: Significant alterations in swallowing mechanics can accompany c-spine surgery with anterior plating. A number of these changes improve over time, leaving @entity0 with relatively minor impairment; however, some appear to be long-lasting. Education and @entity3 therapy can be useful treatment adjuncts.

title: XXXX following cervical spine surgery with anterior instrumentation: evidence from fluoroscopic swallow studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Combined loss of chromosome @entity5 and 19q in @entity1 has become a powerful predictor of prognosis and treatment response, and hence clinical testing for their detection is widely used nowadays. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) are the 2 important relatively common clinical molecular diagnostic techniques used for this purpose and they have their unique advantages and limitations. The preference of methodology used depends on local expertise and existing laboratory capabilities. However, there is no consensus on which methodologic approach has a better potential. The objective of the study was to compare the accuracy, reliability, and feasibility of FISH and PCR in detecting the 1p and 19q LOH status. Using the PCR-based method, a LOH analysis was performed on 30 @entity4 and 10 @entity2 using fresh-frozen tissue and peripheral blood as control. A FISH assay using @entity3 blocks was performed on all the cases. Concordance for 1p and 19q was found in 92.5% (37 of 40) and 82.5% (33 of 40) cases, respectively. The relative advantages and limitations of both the techniques are analyzed and discussed. The main issue pertains to the use of the best technique in large clinical trials whose results are translated to @entity0 care services. Unless the technique used is correct, the results of clinical trials and their correlations may be somewhat questionable.

title: Detection of allelic status of 1p and 19q by microsatellite-based PCR versus FISH: limitations and advantages in application to XXXX management.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the publication of a number of randomized, controlled trials demonstrating a substantial reduction in @entity1 with anticoagulation in @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity3 , the 'real world' use of @entity4 is sub-optimal. Previous surveys have attempted to explain this problem but have significant limitations. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative importance of various barriers that may influence the prescription of @entity4 in @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity3 . METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was mailed to all practising cardiologists, neurologists and internists, as well as a random sample of family physicians within Alberta. Physicians caring for @entity0 with NVAF rated the relative importance of potential barriers using a Likert scale. RESULTS: Sixty-seven per cent of all physicians returned the survey. Overall, barriers pertaining to the @entity0 's clinical characteristics were rated to be more important than those pertaining to the physician or to the organization required when prescribing these therapies. Specifically, an ongoing history of falls, a history of @entity2 within the previous year and an inability to comply with therapy were rated as important barriers by 64%, 55% and 53% of physicians, respectively. Most physicians strongly believed that @entity0 should receive information on the benefits and risks of @entity4 (96%) and that @entity0 should have a say in whether @entity4 is prescribed (86%). IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that most of the barriers to @entity4 use pertain to @entity0 clinical characteristics and the need for @entity0 to be involved in the decision to initiate therapy. The use of decision support technologies would facilitate involvement of the @entity0 and serve to educate both the @entity0 and physician on the risks and benefits of @entity4 therapy.

title: The relative importance of barriers to the prescription of @entity4 for nonvalvular XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the publication of a number of randomized, controlled trials demonstrating a substantial reduction in @entity1 with anticoagulation in @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity3 , the 'real world' use of @entity4 is sub-optimal. Previous surveys have attempted to explain this problem but have significant limitations. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative importance of various barriers that may influence the prescription of @entity4 in @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity3 . METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was mailed to all practising cardiologists, neurologists and internists, as well as a random sample of family physicians within Alberta. Physicians caring for @entity0 with NVAF rated the relative importance of potential barriers using a Likert scale. RESULTS: Sixty-seven per cent of all physicians returned the survey. Overall, barriers pertaining to the @entity0 's clinical characteristics were rated to be more important than those pertaining to the physician or to the organization required when prescribing these therapies. Specifically, an ongoing history of falls, a history of @entity2 within the previous year and an inability to comply with therapy were rated as important barriers by 64%, 55% and 53% of physicians, respectively. Most physicians strongly believed that @entity0 should receive information on the benefits and risks of @entity4 (96%) and that @entity0 should have a say in whether @entity4 is prescribed (86%). IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that most of the barriers to @entity4 use pertain to @entity0 clinical characteristics and the need for @entity0 to be involved in the decision to initiate therapy. The use of decision support technologies would facilitate involvement of the @entity0 and serve to educate both the @entity0 and physician on the risks and benefits of @entity4 therapy.

title: The relative importance of barriers to the prescription of XXXX for nonvalvular @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report long-term results from a large animal model of in vivo selection. Nine years ago, we transplanted two @entity0 (E900 and E958) with autologous marrow @entity2 (+) cells that had been transduced with a gammaretrovirus vector encoding a conditionally activatable derivative of the thrombopoietin receptor. Receptor activation through administration of a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) ( @entity3 or @entity4 ) confers a growth advantage. We previously reported responses to two 30-day intravenous (i.v.) courses of @entity3 administered within the first 8 months post-transplantation. We now report responses to 5-day subcutaneous (s.c.) courses of @entity3 or @entity4 at months 14, 90, and 93 (E900), or month 18 (E958), after transplantation. Long-term monitoring showed no rise in transduced cells in the absence of drug. Retroviral insertion site analysis showed that 4 of 6 (E958) and 5 of 12 (E900) transduced @entity1 cell clones persisted lifelong. Both @entity0 were euthanized for reasons unrelated to the gene therapy treatment at 8 years 11 months (E958) and 11 years 1 month (E900) of age. Three clones from E900 remained detectable in each of two secondary recipients, one of which was treated with, and responded to, @entity4 . Our results demonstrate the feasibility of safely regulating genetically engineered @entity1 cells over many years.

title: Long-term regulation of genetically modified primary XXXX cells in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report long-term results from a large animal model of in vivo selection. Nine years ago, we transplanted two @entity0 (E900 and E958) with autologous marrow @entity2 (+) cells that had been transduced with a gammaretrovirus vector encoding a conditionally activatable derivative of the thrombopoietin receptor. Receptor activation through administration of a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) ( @entity3 or @entity4 ) confers a growth advantage. We previously reported responses to two 30-day intravenous (i.v.) courses of @entity3 administered within the first 8 months post-transplantation. We now report responses to 5-day subcutaneous (s.c.) courses of @entity3 or @entity4 at months 14, 90, and 93 (E900), or month 18 (E958), after transplantation. Long-term monitoring showed no rise in transduced cells in the absence of drug. Retroviral insertion site analysis showed that 4 of 6 (E958) and 5 of 12 (E900) transduced @entity1 cell clones persisted lifelong. Both @entity0 were euthanized for reasons unrelated to the gene therapy treatment at 8 years 11 months (E958) and 11 years 1 month (E900) of age. Three clones from E900 remained detectable in each of two secondary recipients, one of which was treated with, and responded to, @entity4 . Our results demonstrate the feasibility of safely regulating genetically engineered @entity1 cells over many years.

title: Long-term regulation of genetically modified primary @entity1 cells in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether robotic therapy can reduce @entity2 and enhance recovery of the hemiparetic arm in @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: Pre-posttest design. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital, outpatient care. @entity0 : Volunteer sample of 20 @entity0 diagnosed with a single, unilateral @entity1 within the past 1 to 5 years, with persistent @entity3 . INTERVENTIONS: Robotic therapy was provided 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. Subjects able to reach robot targets were randomly assigned to sensorimotor or progressive-resistive robotic therapy groups. Robotic therapy consisted of goal-directed, planar reaching tasks to exercise the hemiparetic shoulder and elbow. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer test of @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) score, and Medical Research Council motor power score. RESULTS: Evaluations by a single blinded therapist revealed statistically significant gains from admission to discharge (P<.05) on the Fugl-Meyer test, @entity4 score, and motor power score. Secondary analyses revealed group differences: the progressive-resistive therapy group experienced nonspecific improvements on wrist and hand @entity4 scores that were not observed in the sensorimotor group. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic therapy may complement other treatment approaches by reducing @entity2 in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity2 .

title: Effects of robotic therapy on @entity2 and recovery in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether robotic therapy can reduce @entity2 and enhance recovery of the hemiparetic arm in @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: Pre-posttest design. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital, outpatient care. @entity0 : Volunteer sample of 20 @entity0 diagnosed with a single, unilateral @entity1 within the past 1 to 5 years, with persistent @entity3 . INTERVENTIONS: Robotic therapy was provided 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. Subjects able to reach robot targets were randomly assigned to sensorimotor or progressive-resistive robotic therapy groups. Robotic therapy consisted of goal-directed, planar reaching tasks to exercise the hemiparetic shoulder and elbow. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer test of @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) score, and Medical Research Council motor power score. RESULTS: Evaluations by a single blinded therapist revealed statistically significant gains from admission to discharge (P<.05) on the Fugl-Meyer test, @entity4 score, and motor power score. Secondary analyses revealed group differences: the progressive-resistive therapy group experienced nonspecific improvements on wrist and hand @entity4 scores that were not observed in the sensorimotor group. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic therapy may complement other treatment approaches by reducing @entity2 in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity2 .

title: Effects of robotic therapy on XXXX and recovery in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) induces a dramatic change in single-kidney structure and function. Therefore, the effects of nephrotoxins may be altered. To evaluate this possibility, @entity5 (2 mg/kg, sc) was given to male, @entity0 2 days following either UNX or sham surgery. Nonoliguric @entity3 developed and was qualitatively similar in both groups. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reached a nadir on Day 2 and was reduced to a greater extent in the UNX group. Furthermore, recovery of GFR was slower and occurred to a lesser extent by Day 10 in the animals subjected to UNX. Evidence of significant @entity6 was present during the acute phase in both groups, as reflected by changes in the fractional excretion of @entity4 or lysozyme. Persistent @entity6 was noted on Day 10 in both the sham and UNX groups, but the degree of dysfunction was greater in the UNX animals. The in vitro uptake of organic ions by renal cortical slices was reduced 24 hr following the injection of @entity5 although no difference was seen between the experimental groups. @entity2 content within renal cortex was not increased in the UNX group at 1 or 3 hr but was higher 24 hr postinjection. Total urinary @entity2 excretion during the first day was not altered by UNX although single-kidney excretion was increased dramatically. These studies suggest that @entity0 are more susceptible to @entity5 -induced nephrotoxicity 2 days following UNX. Although the mechanism(s) of this @entity1 remains unclear, it does not appear to be completely related to an increase in renal cortical @entity2 content.

title: The effect of unilateral nephrectomy on the nephrotoxicity of XXXX in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) induces a dramatic change in single-kidney structure and function. Therefore, the effects of nephrotoxins may be altered. To evaluate this possibility, @entity5 (2 mg/kg, sc) was given to male, @entity0 2 days following either UNX or sham surgery. Nonoliguric @entity3 developed and was qualitatively similar in both groups. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reached a nadir on Day 2 and was reduced to a greater extent in the UNX group. Furthermore, recovery of GFR was slower and occurred to a lesser extent by Day 10 in the animals subjected to UNX. Evidence of significant @entity6 was present during the acute phase in both groups, as reflected by changes in the fractional excretion of @entity4 or lysozyme. Persistent @entity6 was noted on Day 10 in both the sham and UNX groups, but the degree of dysfunction was greater in the UNX animals. The in vitro uptake of organic ions by renal cortical slices was reduced 24 hr following the injection of @entity5 although no difference was seen between the experimental groups. @entity2 content within renal cortex was not increased in the UNX group at 1 or 3 hr but was higher 24 hr postinjection. Total urinary @entity2 excretion during the first day was not altered by UNX although single-kidney excretion was increased dramatically. These studies suggest that @entity0 are more susceptible to @entity5 -induced nephrotoxicity 2 days following UNX. Although the mechanism(s) of this @entity1 remains unclear, it does not appear to be completely related to an increase in renal cortical @entity2 content.

title: The effect of unilateral nephrectomy on the nephrotoxicity of @entity5 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity9 is an @entity3 affecting the aorta, its major branches and the pulmonary arteries. It leads to @entity6 , @entity4 , dilatation, and @entity5 formation in the involved vessels. Visceral arterial involvement occurs in 11 to 68% cases. @entity1 are most commonly seen and are usually symptomatic. Dilative and @entity1 are uncommon and, when present, are usually clinically silent. Renal arteries are most commonly involved (24 to 68%), resulting in @entity8 , whereas mesenteric arterial involvement is seen in 11 to 28% cases and is usually clinically silent. The assessment of disease activity is of utmost importance in its management as revascularization is best performed in the inactive phase. The disease activity can be assessed by clinical, biochemical, or radiological markers. The primary objectives of treatment include the control of disease activity by drug therapy, pharmacologic control of blood pressure (BP), supportive management and revascularization (surgical or endovascular) of the symptomatic @entity0 territory. Surgical treatment is challenging due to the diffuse nature of the disease and involvement of adjacent aortic walls. It has a high incidence of anastomotic @entity5 formation (12 to 14%) and graft failure (20 to 40%) over time. Endovascular therapy (usually in the form of balloon angioplasty) has specific technical and procedural issues, but is safe and effective in the control of @entity2 with success rates ranging between 80 to 96%. The overall complication rates are low. The cumulative 5-year patency rate for the management of @entity7 is 67%. The use of stents is usually restricted as a bailout to treat obstructive dissection after angioplasty, due to a variety of reasons as their use may adversely affect the long-term outcome of treatment. Angioplasty is less effective in relieving obstruction in the mesenteric arteries and the outcomes are also infrequently reported.

title: Visceral Artery Interventions in XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small @entity1 -reperfusion (I/R) injury, a clinically important condition, induces severe organ damage. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) produces tolerance to long-term I/R by inducing a short-term I/R. Herein, we have examined the reduction in the extent of injury by IPC. METHODS: Small intestinal I/R injury was induced in @entity0 by clamping the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for various 30 minutes. The IPC + I/R group underwent a short-term I/R (IPC) prior to long-term I/R. Nuclear factor-kB ( @entity2 ) activity was analyzed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and cytokine mRNA levels, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, and apoptotic cells, by TUNEL staining. RESULTS: The animals were subjected to 30 minutes of @entity1 followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. @entity2 activity increased in the I/R group and decreased in the IPC + I/R group. The IPC + I/R group showed decreased cytokine in mRNA levels. Expression of the proapoptotic gene @entity3 was increased in the I/R and decreased in the IPC + I/R group. Expression of the antiapoptotic gene @entity4 was increased in the IPC + I/R group. The number of apoptotic cells was increased in the I/R and decreased in the IPC + I/R group. CONCLUSION: Small intestinal I/R injury was reduced by IPC produced by clamping the @entity5 ; thus, IPC may have potential clinical applications in the future.

title: Role of transcription factors in small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and tolerance induced by XXXX preconditioning.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We studied the adherence of @entity0 erythrocytes to larvae of the intravascular parasite @entity3 by transmission microscopy, freeze @entity2 , and fluorescence techniques. In addition, we used the adherent cells to investigate the problem of host antigen acquisition. Schistosomula were cultured for from 24 to 48 h after transformation in order to clear the remnants of the cercarial glycocalyx. In some cases, the worms were preincubated with @entity5 germ agglutinin to promote adherence of the erythrocytes. The results were similar with and without the lectin except that more cells attached to the lectin-coated parasites. Erythrocytes adhered within a few hours and, unlike neutrophils, did not fuse with the parasite. A layer of 10-20-nm electron dense material separated the outer leaflets of the tegumental and plasma membranes. In addition, many deformed and lysed cells were seen on the parasite surface. The ability of the worm to acquire erythrocyte membrane constituents was tested with @entity6 dyes, @entity4 covalently conjugated to glycophorin, monoclonal antibodies against B and H blood group glycolipids, and @entity1 alpha-human erythrocyte IgG. In summary, glycophorin, erythrocyte proteins, and glycolipids were not transferred to the parasite membrane within 48 h. @entity6 dyes were rapidly transferred to the parasite with or without lectin preincubation. Thus, the dye in the worm membrane came from both adherent and nonadherent cells. These studies suggest that, in the absence of membrane fusion, the parasite may acquire some lipid molecules similar in structure to host membrane glycolipids by simple transfer through the medium but that B and H glycolipids and erythrocyte membrane proteins are not transferred from adhering cells to the worm.

title: @entity0 erythrocytes adhering to schistosomula of XXXX lyse and fail to transfer membrane components to the parasite.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We studied the adherence of @entity0 erythrocytes to larvae of the intravascular parasite @entity3 by transmission microscopy, freeze @entity2 , and fluorescence techniques. In addition, we used the adherent cells to investigate the problem of host antigen acquisition. Schistosomula were cultured for from 24 to 48 h after transformation in order to clear the remnants of the cercarial glycocalyx. In some cases, the worms were preincubated with @entity5 germ agglutinin to promote adherence of the erythrocytes. The results were similar with and without the lectin except that more cells attached to the lectin-coated parasites. Erythrocytes adhered within a few hours and, unlike neutrophils, did not fuse with the parasite. A layer of 10-20-nm electron dense material separated the outer leaflets of the tegumental and plasma membranes. In addition, many deformed and lysed cells were seen on the parasite surface. The ability of the worm to acquire erythrocyte membrane constituents was tested with @entity6 dyes, @entity4 covalently conjugated to glycophorin, monoclonal antibodies against B and H blood group glycolipids, and @entity1 alpha-human erythrocyte IgG. In summary, glycophorin, erythrocyte proteins, and glycolipids were not transferred to the parasite membrane within 48 h. @entity6 dyes were rapidly transferred to the parasite with or without lectin preincubation. Thus, the dye in the worm membrane came from both adherent and nonadherent cells. These studies suggest that, in the absence of membrane fusion, the parasite may acquire some lipid molecules similar in structure to host membrane glycolipids by simple transfer through the medium but that B and H glycolipids and erythrocyte membrane proteins are not transferred from adhering cells to the worm.

title: XXXX erythrocytes adhering to schistosomula of @entity3 lyse and fail to transfer membrane components to the parasite.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Adipose tissue lipolysis and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) activity were studied in biopsies from the femoral and abdominal depots in healthy @entity0 during early or late menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and the lactation period. When the differences in cell size were taken into account, basal lipolysis was similar in both regions in nonpregnant @entity0 . During lactation, however, lipolysis was significantly higher in the femoral region. The lipolytic effect of @entity1 (10(-6) M) was significantly less in the femoral region in the nonpregnant @entity0 and during early pregnancy. However, the lipolytic response was the same in both regions in lactating @entity0 . @entity2 activity was higher in the femoral than in the abdominal region except during lactation when a marked decrease in the @entity2 activity was seen in the femoral region. The @entity2 activity in the abdominal region remained unchanged in all @entity0 groups. The results imply that in both nonpregnant and pregnant @entity0 lipid assimilation is favored in the femoral depot. During lactation, however, the metabolic pattern changes; the @entity2 activity decreases and lipid mobilization increases in this depot. These changes are much less pronounced in the abdominal region. Thus, fat cells from different regions show a differential response during pregnancy and lactation. These results suggest that the adipose tissue in different regions may have specialized functions.

title: Fat cell metabolism in different regions in XXXX . Effect of menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and lactation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: From May 1995 through October 2001, 19 @entity0 less than 90 days old underwent surgical correction of @entity4 . In 15 babies with @entity4 , there was one @entity1 . In 4 with complex anomalies, there were 2 operative deaths. The vertical vein was not ligated in 6 cases for various reasons. Two @entity0 died during reoperation for early @entity5 . In the late follow-up, 2 babies required reoperation for late anastomotic stricture; one needed additional balloon dilatation. Of the 14 surviving @entity0 , one had a small residual gradient and infrequent @entity6 , the others were asymptomatic and without gradients. Surgical correction of @entity4 can be carried out in early infancy with low mortality and morbidity. However, associated @entity2 and small caliber pulmonary arteries and veins carry higher risks. Recurrent @entity5 and diffuse @entity3 are causes of early reoperation and poor surgical outcome.

title: Repair of XXXX in early infancy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Studies were conducted to detect major differences in immunoglobulin levels between @entity1 and nonallergic individuals. Immunoglobulins G, M, A, and E were quantitated in members of 63 families selected for the presence of @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity4 and compared with a larger group of healthy individuals and families. Mean IgE levels were significantly higher in healthy black than in white individuals. No significant difference was found in IgE levels between healthy parents with and without @entity1 @entity0 . Mean IgE levels were significantly higher in asthmatic @entity0 than in healthy @entity0 and also much higher in asthmatic @entity0 than in their healthy siblings. @entity2 occurred more frequently in @entity0 than in @entity0 . IgE levels in healthy @entity0 increased rapidly early in childhood, reached a peak before 10 yr of age, and decreased during the teens. This decrease in IgE during the teens may provide the immunologic mechanism by which some @entity0 can "outgrow" certain childhood @entity3 . IgA levels were very low in young @entity0 and not significantly different between @entity1 and healthy individuals. The low IgA level in young @entity0 may be of importance in the development of childhood @entity3 .

title: Levels of immunoglobulin G, M, A, and E at various ages in XXXX and white individuals.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the internal pallidum ( @entity6 ) on the @entity1 triad and on levodopa-induced @entity4 are very similar. The antiakinetic effect of STN DBS seems to be slightly better. On the contrary to pallidal DBS, stimulation of the STN allows to reduce dopaminergic treatment by more than 50 p. 100 on average. Moreover, the current drain is smaller in STN. Thus, the STN is a low budget target compared to the @entity6 . STN DBS seems to be as effective on @entity5 @entity3 as stimulation of the classic thalamic target, the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim), whereas Vim stimulation has no effect on @entity4 and very little on levodopa-induced @entity4 . Thus, the STN has become the main target nucleus for DBS in @entity5 , which is most often performed bilaterally in one surgical procedure. There is a good correlation of the preoperative response to levodopa and postoperative effects of bilateral STN DBS and this defines the @entity0 population. Given the large @entity0 population, simple guidelines for @entity0 selection are developed. The referring physician can preselect @entity0 based mainly on age (less than 70), absence of @entity2 and presence of severe disability related to motor fluctuations or @entity4 . It is the responsibility of the operating centre to determine the levodopa response, to confirm the diagnosis, to rule out contraindications and to make sure that the medical treatment cannot be further optimised. Severe surgical complications with permanent sequels are relatively rare, about 1 p. 100 per implanted side. The @entity0 selection, the precision of the surgery and the quality of the postoperative follow-up are the three main determinants of success.

title: [ XXXX : deep cerebral stimulation].

answer: @entity1