abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity5 (" @entity6 ossificans") is among the least frequently encountered reactive lesions in peripheral nerves. Only two cases have been described previously, one in the median nerve of a 34-year-old @entity0 , and the other in the ulnar nerve of an adult @entity0 . The architecture of this lesion is distinctly zonal. Consisting of a central fibroblastic core, an intervening zone of osteoid production, and a peripheral layer of ossification, the pattern is remarkably similar to that of @entity7 . This similarity and the occurrence of the process in superficial nerves have led to speculation that @entity2 plays a role in its pathogenesis; this hypothesis remains unproved. We describe two additional cases of @entity6 ossificans. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: One @entity0 , a 41-year-old @entity0 , experienced @entity3 and @entity4 in the left leg for several months but had no history of local @entity2 . A mass was detected in the saphenous nerve. The second @entity0 , a 16-year-old @entity0 , noted subacute onset of @entity3 in the popliteal fossa and decreased sensation in the distribution of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. A mass was found within the tibial nerve at the knee level. INTERVENTION: In each @entity0 , resection of the mass required sacrifice of a segment of the nerve. CONCLUSION: In each @entity0 , the mass was composed of fibrovascular tissue with @entity1 arranged in a zonal pattern. The ossifying process was intraneural but encased rather than directly involving nerve fascicles. These exceptionally intact examples of @entity6 ossificans underscore its resemblance to @entity7 . Nerve-sparing resection of such masses is not always possible.

title: Heterotopic ossification of peripheral nerve (" XXXX ossificans"): report of two cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Several studies suggest that @entity6 ( @entity6 ) can exacerbate @entity2 development during @entity5 (S.E.) and subsequent epileptogenesis in the adult brain. On the other hand, evidence exists for the protective effect of @entity6 . To study this controversy, we induced S.E. with @entity4 in @entity0 with increased @entity6 signaling due to @entity7 overexpression. @entity0 experienced a more severe S.E. than wild type animals did. Furthermore, they had increased acute hippocampal neuronal loss when assessed at 48 h after S.E. The effect of @entity7 overexpression on the development of @entity1 , chronic @entity3 , mossy fiber sprouting, and neurogenesis were studied at 4.5 months after @entity4 -induced S.E. No differences were found in the rate of epileptogenesis, severity of @entity1 , or cellular markers of network reorganization between transgenic and wild type @entity0 . No differences between genotypes were observed in @entity8 staining, indicating no effect of @entity7 overexpression to immature neuron numbers. Instead, in Cresyl Violet-stained preparations, the highest density of neurons was found in untreated @entity0 suggesting a favorable effect of @entity7 overexpression on the survival of neurons in the hippocampus. Our data support the role of @entity6 and @entity7 signaling in @entity2 generation and acute cellular damage after S.E. Long-term outcome was not, however, exacerbated by @entity7 overexpression.

title: Exacerbated @entity5 and acute cell loss, but no changes in epileptogenesis, in @entity0 with increased XXXX signaling.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Several studies suggest that @entity6 ( @entity6 ) can exacerbate @entity2 development during @entity5 (S.E.) and subsequent epileptogenesis in the adult brain. On the other hand, evidence exists for the protective effect of @entity6 . To study this controversy, we induced S.E. with @entity4 in @entity0 with increased @entity6 signaling due to @entity7 overexpression. @entity0 experienced a more severe S.E. than wild type animals did. Furthermore, they had increased acute hippocampal neuronal loss when assessed at 48 h after S.E. The effect of @entity7 overexpression on the development of @entity1 , chronic @entity3 , mossy fiber sprouting, and neurogenesis were studied at 4.5 months after @entity4 -induced S.E. No differences were found in the rate of epileptogenesis, severity of @entity1 , or cellular markers of network reorganization between transgenic and wild type @entity0 . No differences between genotypes were observed in @entity8 staining, indicating no effect of @entity7 overexpression to immature neuron numbers. Instead, in Cresyl Violet-stained preparations, the highest density of neurons was found in untreated @entity0 suggesting a favorable effect of @entity7 overexpression on the survival of neurons in the hippocampus. Our data support the role of @entity6 and @entity7 signaling in @entity2 generation and acute cellular damage after S.E. Long-term outcome was not, however, exacerbated by @entity7 overexpression.

title: Exacerbated XXXX and acute cell loss, but no changes in epileptogenesis, in @entity0 with increased @entity6 signaling.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Several studies suggest that @entity6 ( @entity6 ) can exacerbate @entity2 development during @entity5 (S.E.) and subsequent epileptogenesis in the adult brain. On the other hand, evidence exists for the protective effect of @entity6 . To study this controversy, we induced S.E. with @entity4 in @entity0 with increased @entity6 signaling due to @entity7 overexpression. @entity0 experienced a more severe S.E. than wild type animals did. Furthermore, they had increased acute hippocampal neuronal loss when assessed at 48 h after S.E. The effect of @entity7 overexpression on the development of @entity1 , chronic @entity3 , mossy fiber sprouting, and neurogenesis were studied at 4.5 months after @entity4 -induced S.E. No differences were found in the rate of epileptogenesis, severity of @entity1 , or cellular markers of network reorganization between transgenic and wild type @entity0 . No differences between genotypes were observed in @entity8 staining, indicating no effect of @entity7 overexpression to immature neuron numbers. Instead, in Cresyl Violet-stained preparations, the highest density of neurons was found in untreated @entity0 suggesting a favorable effect of @entity7 overexpression on the survival of neurons in the hippocampus. Our data support the role of @entity6 and @entity7 signaling in @entity2 generation and acute cellular damage after S.E. Long-term outcome was not, however, exacerbated by @entity7 overexpression.

title: Exacerbated @entity5 and acute cell loss, but no changes in epileptogenesis, in XXXX with increased @entity6 signaling.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We found that @entity5 is targeted to the surface of lipid droplets (Fujimoto, T., Kogo, H., Ishiguro, K., Tauchi, K., and Nomura, R. (2001) J. Cell Biol. 152, 1079-1085) and hypothesized that the lipid droplet surface is a kind of membrane. To elucidate the characteristics of the lipid droplet surface, we isolated lipid droplets from HepG2 cells and analyzed them by cryoelectron microscopy and by mass spectrometry. By use of cryoelectron microscopy at the stage temperature of 4.2 K, the lipid droplet surface was observed as a single line without any fixation or staining, indicating the presence of a single layer of phospholipids. This result appeared consistent with the hypothesis that the lipid droplet surface is derived from the cytoplasmic leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and may be continuous to it. However, mass spectrometry revealed that the @entity1 composition of @entity2 and @entity3 in lipid droplets is different from that of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The ample presence of free @entity0 in lipid droplets also suggests that their surface is differentiated from the bulk endoplasmic reticulum membrane. On the other hand, although caveolin-2beta and adipose differentiation-related protein, both localizing in lipid droplets, were enriched in the low density floating fraction, the @entity1 composition of the fraction was distinct from lipid droplets. Collectively, the result indicates that the lipid droplet surface is a hemi-membrane or a phospholipid monolayer containing @entity0 but is compositionally different from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or the @entity4 / @entity0 -rich microdomain.

title: The surface of lipid droplets is a phospholipid monolayer with a unique XXXX composition.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 proteins (HSP) play a central role in the protection of cells, tissues or organs subjected to various types of stressors. Different nutrients have been recently shown to exert their protection through the induction of HSP. Because these nutrients alleviate alterations of the intestine after weaning in @entity1 , this study was designed to obtain basic information on the expression of @entity3 , @entity0 cognate 70 (HSC 70), @entity4 and @entity2 along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of young @entity1 and to study the effect of weaning on this expression. @entity1 were weaned at 28 or 21 d and slaughtered at various times postweaning. All HSP were expressed in the GIT segments studied before and after weaning. However, the expression of @entity3 and @entity4 was transiently increased in the stomach and duodenum between 6 and 12 h postweaning and between 24 and 48 h in the mid-jejunum, ileum and colon. Their expressions were transiently decreased in the ileum. Expression of @entity2 increased in the stomach and jejunum but decreased in the duodenum, ileum and colon. Similar results were obtained at both ages of weaning. We conclude that the HSP studied are present all along the gut of @entity1 and that their expression is modulated through weaning according to spatial-temporal patterns. The modulation by nutrients of HSP and their protective role on the GIT remain to be investigated in @entity1 .

title: Weaning affects the expression of XXXX proteins in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies that evaluated the effect of aerobic endurance exercise on pulse wave velocity ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in adults. @entity1 and @entity2 were the most commonly used parameters for the assessment of arterial stiffness. The MEDLINE, Cochrane, ISI, and Ovid databases were searched between January 2000 and February 2015. A total of 1654 @entity0 in 26 RCTs and two cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In studies for which @entity2 was the outcome, aerobic endurance exercise had a significant effect on reducing @entity2 [-0.67, 95% CI -0.97, -0.38; I(2) =   89%; heterogeneity, P   <   0.0001]. Changes in peripheral arterial @entity2 were statistically greater than in central arterial @entity2 . In the RCTs for which @entity1 was the outcome, changes [-0.04, 95% CI -0.12, 0.04; I(2)    =   95%; heterogeneity, P   <   0.00001] in @entity1 did not reach statistical significance. In the two cohort studies, changes [-8.81, 95% CI -9.25, -8.37; I(2)    =   22%; heterogeneity, P   =   0.26] in @entity1 were statistically significant. Subgroup analysis indicated a longer duration aerobic exercise and a greater improvement in VO2max were associated with larger reductions in @entity2 . Reductions in @entity1 were observed in two cohort studies, but not in four RCTs.

title: The effects of aerobic endurance exercise on pulse wave velocity and XXXX in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate a new type of self-sealing pars @entity2 clinically and by means of ultrasound biomicroscopy and to compare the outcome with conventionally sutured sclerotomies. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 underwent pars plana vitrectomy either with (control group) or without suturing (study group) at the Institute of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands, between January 1 and March 31, 2002. One day and 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively, the sclerotomy sites were studied by clinical examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Results were graded according to verbal descriptor scales. RESULTS: The study included 21 @entity0 scheduled for pars plana vitrectomy of one eye. Mean follow-up time was 6.5 weeks (range, 6-8). Three @entity0 were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining @entity0 , 12 had self-sealing @entity3 and six were conventionally operated. No intraoperative complications occurred in any @entity0 and no @entity1 was observed. On the first day after surgery there was significantly more scleral dehiscence in the control group (P =.012). This divergence disappeared during the follow-up period. All other differences noticed were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel technique of sutureless wedge-shaped sclerotomy allows the creation of simple, reliable, and self-sealing pars plana openings. Clinical examination and assessment by ultrasound biomicroscopy showed results to be at least as safe as conventionally sutured sclerotomies. This new method allows stable intraoperative ocular pressure conditions and seems promising.

title: A novel technique for self-sealing, wedge-shaped pars XXXX and its features in ultrasound biomicroscopy and clinical outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The cell surface adhesion molecule @entity1 coordinates leukocyte trafficking and is a costimulatory molecule for T cell activation. We developed a panel of mAbs that recognize activation epitopes on the @entity2 subunit, and show that stimulation of T lymphocytes appears to be accompanied by a conformational change in a subpopulation of @entity1 that does not require ligand binding. Activation epitope up-regulation requires divalent cations, is sensitive to cellular signal transduction events, and correlates with cell adhesion. In addition, the stimulated appearance of these activation epitopes is absent in cell lines from @entity0 with leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1/variant that has previously been shown to be defective in @entity1 activation. Thus, these activation epitope Abs can be used to dissect signal transmission to @entity2 . Evidence suggests that these @entity2 activation epitopes are induced early in cellular activation and are independent of actin rearrangement necessary for avid adhesion. We have also determined that function-blocking @entity2 Abs inhibit the induction of activation epitopes. One activation epitope Ab binds to a site on @entity2 distinct from that of the blocking Abs, indicating that the blocking Abs suppress a conformational change in @entity1 . We also find that these neoepitopes are present on @entity4 with high affinity for @entity3 and their binding is modulated in parallel with the affinity of @entity1 for @entity3 . Collectively, these neoepitope Abs identify a subpopulation of @entity1 most likely with high affinity for @entity3 and necessary for @entity1 function.

title: XXXX activation epitopes induced by leukocyte activation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 causes @entity3 , @entity5 , or @entity5 . Mast cells have been speculated to play a role in DENV disease although their precise roles are unclear. In this study, we used mast cell-deficient Kit(W-sh/W-sh) @entity0 to investigate the involvement of mast cells after intradermal @entity2 . An approximately two- to three-fold higher level of DENV NS3 antigen was detected at the skin inoculation site in DENV-infected Kit(W-sh/W-sh) @entity0 than in DENV-infected @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 (using a dose of 1 * 10(9) plaque-forming units/ @entity0 ). Moreover, as an indicator of heightened pathogenesis, a more prolonged bleeding time was observed in DENV-infected Kit(W-sh/W-sh) @entity0 than in @entity1 @entity0 . Monocytes/macrophages are considered to be important targets for @entity2 , so we investigated the susceptibility and chemokine response of DENV-infected peritoneal macrophages from Kit(W-sh/W-sh) and @entity1 @entity0 both ex vivo and in vivo. There was a tendency for higher @entity2 and higher secretion of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) from peritoneal macrophages isolated from Kit(W-sh/W-sh) @entity0 than those from @entity1 @entity0 . In vivo studies using intradermal inoculation of DENV showed about twofold higher levels of infiltrating macrophages and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) at the inoculation site in both mock control and DENV-inoculated Kit(W-sh/W-sh) @entity0 than in corresponding @entity1 @entity0 . In summary, compared with @entity1 @entity0 , Kit(W-sh/W-sh) @entity0 show enhanced @entity2 and macrophage infiltration at the skin inoculation site as well as increased DENV-associated bleeding time. The results indicate an intriguing interplay between mast cells and tissue macrophages to restrict DENV replication in the skin.

title: Mast cell-macrophage dynamics in modulation of XXXX in skin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A single-blind randomized controlled trial of a leaflet developed for @entity0 with @entity4 was compared with the usual general practitioner management of back @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of a @entity0 information leaflet on knowledge, attitude, behavior, and function. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Despite the commonality of back @entity1 in general practice, little evidence on the effectiveness of simple interventions such as leaflets and advice on self-management has been reported. On the basis of a five-stage needs analysis, a simple leaflet was developed that considered the views of @entity0 and health professionals. METHODS: For this study, 64 @entity0 with @entity2 were assigned to the leaflet or control group. The @entity0 were visited at home after 2 days, 2 weeks, then 3, 6, and 12 months, where they completed a range of self-report measures. Behavioral aspects were discretely recorded by a "blinded" researcher. Primary outcomes were knowledge, attitude, behavior, and function. RESULTS: In all, 272 home visits were undertaken. The findings show that at 2 weeks, knowledge about sitting posture was greater in the leaflet group (P = 0.006), which transferred to a behavioral difference (sitting with @entity3 support) when @entity0 were unaware that they were being observed (P = 0.009). This difference remained significant at 3 months. @entity0 in the leaflet group also were better at maintaining a wide base of support when lifting a light object than the control subjects throughout all five assessments. There were no significant differences in the functional outcomes tested. CONCLUSIONS: This trial demonstrates that written advice for @entity0 can be a contributory factor in the initial general practitioner consultation because it may change aspects of knowledge and behavior. This has implications for the management of @entity2 , with potential health gain.

title: The back home trial: general practitioner-supported leaflets may change back XXXX behavior.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of standing imbalance and body posture in 71 able-bodied @entity0 and subjects with @entity2 was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that postural parameters are related to standing stability parameters. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1 not only modifies the shape of the trunk, but also changes the relations between body segments affecting posture in scoliotic @entity0 . These postural adaptations to the scoliotic curve progression could be linked in part to increased body sway in upright standing. This has not yet been related to specific postural parameters involving the head, trunk, and pelvis in nontreated @entity3 . METHODS: The head, trunk, and pelvis orientations of each subject were measured by a Flock of Bird system. An AMTI force platform was used to assess quiet standing stability and to monitor the position and displacement of the center of pressure (COP). The center of mass (COM) excursion was estimated from a biomechanical model using force plate information only. Analyses of variance (ANOVAS) were performed to determine the statistical differences between the scoliotic and nonscoliotic subjects, and backward stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to identify any correlation between measures of quiet standing stability and body postural parameters RESULTS: The scoliotic group was characterized by a decrease in standing stability. There was an increase in the sway areas measured by the variations of the COP and COM. From the backward stepwise multiple regression analysis, it appears that for the able-bodied @entity0 , the body posture parameters were correlated only with the mean anteroposterior center of pressure (COP(AP)) position. For the scoliotic group, the sway areas and the mean position of the centers of pressure and the COP(AP)-COM(AP) were correlated significantly with body posture parameters. The higher COP-COM differences for the scoliotic group were attributed to a greater neuromuscular demand to maintain standing balance. The coefficients of correlation of the multiple regression analyses ranged from 0.64 to 0.85 for the nonscoliotic group and from 0.55 to 0.72 for the scoliotic group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of backward stepwise multiple correlations highlighted the interaction between several body parameters and their relation to standing stability in both able-bodied @entity0 and scoliotic subjects. The scoliotic group displayed a much larger number of correlations between standing stability and body posture parameters than the nonscoliotic group. Standing imbalance was related to altered body posture parameters measured in the frontal and horizontal planes only. Although the correlation coefficients were relatively high, factors other than body posture parameters appeared related to standing imbalance in @entity2 . These findings support the concept of either a primary or a secondary dysfunction in the postural regulation system of scoliotic subjects.

title: Relations between standing stability and body posture parameters in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a rapidly emerging standard of care for staging the axilla in invasive @entity0 . Factors influencing success must be identified to understand the procedure's limitations and challenges. Increasing body mass with age has an inverse relationship to success. A proportion of @entity2 biopsy @entity1 are both senior and overweight, so measurement of the body mass to age relationship is essential. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed mapping successes and failures in 2,495 @entity2 biopsy procedures performed between September 1996 and June 2001. Clinical stage T1 N0 to T3 N0 @entity0 cases were included. We used a combined technique ( @entity3 ) to detect SLNs. Failure was defined as the inability to identify any nodes with either blue dye or by in vivo counts. Body- mass index (BMI) for each @entity1 was measured by height and weight data (kg/m(2)), and cases were stratified by BMI and age. RESULTS: Among 2,495 cases, there were 62 failed and 2,433 successful mappings (failure rate = 2.48%). Mean age, weight, and BMI were significantly higher in the failure group. The success of @entity2 biopsy was inversely related to BMI (r = -0.98, p = 0.002). When stratified by @entity1 age (< 50 versus > or =50 years), this relationship was more pronounced in the > or = 50 group. Multivariate analysis of age, weight, and BMI found age (p = 0.011) and BMI (p = 0.00001) to be predictive of @entity2 mapping success, with weight alone not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing age and BMI do not appear to be contraindications for @entity2 biopsy. Rather, surgeons should be aware that increasing body mass and age are potential risk factors for a failed procedure, in which case a completion axillary node dissection for staging is required.

title: Obesity influences outcome of sentinel lymph node biopsy in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are the cornerstone of @entity1 treatment in @entity0 . However, there is considerable inter-individual variation in glucocorticoid sensitivity, leading to over- as well as undertreatment. A simple and fast test to predict glucocorticoid sensitivity would enable more tailored therapy in @entity0 with @entity1 . AIM: To study reproducibility and utility of an overnight 0.25  mg @entity2 suppression test (DST) with salivary @entity3 levels as marker for glucocorticoid sensitivity in asthmatic @entity0 . METHODS: 23 @entity0 with @entity6 were recruited for two overnight 0.25  mg DST's, 1  month apart. RESULTS: Baseline @entity3 levels correlated well between both tests. However, @entity3 levels, change in @entity3 levels or fractional suppression of @entity3 levels after @entity2 did not correlate between the two tests. Bland-Altman plots showed that the difference in salivary @entity3 levels between @entity5 of an individual @entity0 could go up to 12  nmol/l, which is a clinically relevant difference. @entity4 dose did not correlate with baseline @entity3 levels, height and BMI SDS. CONCLUSION: The low-dose salivary DST test in its current form is not suitable for use in clinical practice in @entity0 with @entity1 , due to low reproducibility. Therefore, studies using the 0.25  mg salivary DST should be interpreted cautiously.

title: Reproducibility and utility of an overnight 0.25  mg @entity2 suppression test as a marker for glucocorticoid sensitivity in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are the cornerstone of @entity1 treatment in @entity0 . However, there is considerable inter-individual variation in glucocorticoid sensitivity, leading to over- as well as undertreatment. A simple and fast test to predict glucocorticoid sensitivity would enable more tailored therapy in @entity0 with @entity1 . AIM: To study reproducibility and utility of an overnight 0.25  mg @entity2 suppression test (DST) with salivary @entity3 levels as marker for glucocorticoid sensitivity in asthmatic @entity0 . METHODS: 23 @entity0 with @entity6 were recruited for two overnight 0.25  mg DST's, 1  month apart. RESULTS: Baseline @entity3 levels correlated well between both tests. However, @entity3 levels, change in @entity3 levels or fractional suppression of @entity3 levels after @entity2 did not correlate between the two tests. Bland-Altman plots showed that the difference in salivary @entity3 levels between @entity5 of an individual @entity0 could go up to 12  nmol/l, which is a clinically relevant difference. @entity4 dose did not correlate with baseline @entity3 levels, height and BMI SDS. CONCLUSION: The low-dose salivary DST test in its current form is not suitable for use in clinical practice in @entity0 with @entity1 , due to low reproducibility. Therefore, studies using the 0.25  mg salivary DST should be interpreted cautiously.

title: Reproducibility and utility of an overnight 0.25  mg XXXX suppression test as a marker for glucocorticoid sensitivity in @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are the cornerstone of @entity1 treatment in @entity0 . However, there is considerable inter-individual variation in glucocorticoid sensitivity, leading to over- as well as undertreatment. A simple and fast test to predict glucocorticoid sensitivity would enable more tailored therapy in @entity0 with @entity1 . AIM: To study reproducibility and utility of an overnight 0.25  mg @entity2 suppression test (DST) with salivary @entity3 levels as marker for glucocorticoid sensitivity in asthmatic @entity0 . METHODS: 23 @entity0 with @entity6 were recruited for two overnight 0.25  mg DST's, 1  month apart. RESULTS: Baseline @entity3 levels correlated well between both tests. However, @entity3 levels, change in @entity3 levels or fractional suppression of @entity3 levels after @entity2 did not correlate between the two tests. Bland-Altman plots showed that the difference in salivary @entity3 levels between @entity5 of an individual @entity0 could go up to 12  nmol/l, which is a clinically relevant difference. @entity4 dose did not correlate with baseline @entity3 levels, height and BMI SDS. CONCLUSION: The low-dose salivary DST test in its current form is not suitable for use in clinical practice in @entity0 with @entity1 , due to low reproducibility. Therefore, studies using the 0.25  mg salivary DST should be interpreted cautiously.

title: Reproducibility and utility of an overnight 0.25  mg @entity2 suppression test as a marker for glucocorticoid sensitivity in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Copy number variations are a common cause of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Determining the contribution of copy number variants (CNVs), particularly gains, to disease remains challenging. Here, we report four males with @entity2 with sub-microscopic duplications at Xp11.2 and review the few cases with overlapping duplications reported to date. We established the extent of the duplicated regions in each case encompassing a minimum of three known disease genes @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity8 with one case also duplicating the known disease gene @entity7 . @entity0 with a duplication encompassing @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity8 without gains of nearby @entity5 and @entity7 genes have not been reported thus far. All cases presented with @entity2 and significant deficits of speech development. Some @entity0 also manifested behavioral disturbances such as @entity3 and @entity1 . Lymphoblastic cell lines from @entity0 show markedly elevated levels of @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity5 , transcripts consistent with the extent of their CNVs. The duplicated region in our @entity0 contains several genes known to escape X-inactivation, including @entity4 , @entity8 and @entity5 . In silico analysis of expression data in selected gene expression omnibus series indicates that dosage of these genes, especially @entity8 , is similar in males and females despite the fact they escape from X-inactivation in females. Taken together, the data suggest that gains in Xp11.22 including @entity8 cause @entity2 and are associated with @entity3 and @entity1 , and are likely to be dosage-sensitive in males.European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 10 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.123.

title: Xp11.2 microduplications including @entity8 , @entity6 and XXXX genes in @entity0 with neurodevelopmental disorders.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Copy number variations are a common cause of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Determining the contribution of copy number variants (CNVs), particularly gains, to disease remains challenging. Here, we report four males with @entity2 with sub-microscopic duplications at Xp11.2 and review the few cases with overlapping duplications reported to date. We established the extent of the duplicated regions in each case encompassing a minimum of three known disease genes @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity8 with one case also duplicating the known disease gene @entity7 . @entity0 with a duplication encompassing @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity8 without gains of nearby @entity5 and @entity7 genes have not been reported thus far. All cases presented with @entity2 and significant deficits of speech development. Some @entity0 also manifested behavioral disturbances such as @entity3 and @entity1 . Lymphoblastic cell lines from @entity0 show markedly elevated levels of @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity5 , transcripts consistent with the extent of their CNVs. The duplicated region in our @entity0 contains several genes known to escape X-inactivation, including @entity4 , @entity8 and @entity5 . In silico analysis of expression data in selected gene expression omnibus series indicates that dosage of these genes, especially @entity8 , is similar in males and females despite the fact they escape from X-inactivation in females. Taken together, the data suggest that gains in Xp11.22 including @entity8 cause @entity2 and are associated with @entity3 and @entity1 , and are likely to be dosage-sensitive in males.European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 10 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.123.

title: Xp11.2 microduplications including @entity8 , @entity6 and @entity4 genes in XXXX with neurodevelopmental disorders.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Copy number variations are a common cause of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Determining the contribution of copy number variants (CNVs), particularly gains, to disease remains challenging. Here, we report four males with @entity2 with sub-microscopic duplications at Xp11.2 and review the few cases with overlapping duplications reported to date. We established the extent of the duplicated regions in each case encompassing a minimum of three known disease genes @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity8 with one case also duplicating the known disease gene @entity7 . @entity0 with a duplication encompassing @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity8 without gains of nearby @entity5 and @entity7 genes have not been reported thus far. All cases presented with @entity2 and significant deficits of speech development. Some @entity0 also manifested behavioral disturbances such as @entity3 and @entity1 . Lymphoblastic cell lines from @entity0 show markedly elevated levels of @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity5 , transcripts consistent with the extent of their CNVs. The duplicated region in our @entity0 contains several genes known to escape X-inactivation, including @entity4 , @entity8 and @entity5 . In silico analysis of expression data in selected gene expression omnibus series indicates that dosage of these genes, especially @entity8 , is similar in males and females despite the fact they escape from X-inactivation in females. Taken together, the data suggest that gains in Xp11.22 including @entity8 cause @entity2 and are associated with @entity3 and @entity1 , and are likely to be dosage-sensitive in males.European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 10 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.123.

title: Xp11.2 microduplications including @entity8 , XXXX and @entity4 genes in @entity0 with neurodevelopmental disorders.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Copy number variations are a common cause of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Determining the contribution of copy number variants (CNVs), particularly gains, to disease remains challenging. Here, we report four males with @entity2 with sub-microscopic duplications at Xp11.2 and review the few cases with overlapping duplications reported to date. We established the extent of the duplicated regions in each case encompassing a minimum of three known disease genes @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity8 with one case also duplicating the known disease gene @entity7 . @entity0 with a duplication encompassing @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity8 without gains of nearby @entity5 and @entity7 genes have not been reported thus far. All cases presented with @entity2 and significant deficits of speech development. Some @entity0 also manifested behavioral disturbances such as @entity3 and @entity1 . Lymphoblastic cell lines from @entity0 show markedly elevated levels of @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity5 , transcripts consistent with the extent of their CNVs. The duplicated region in our @entity0 contains several genes known to escape X-inactivation, including @entity4 , @entity8 and @entity5 . In silico analysis of expression data in selected gene expression omnibus series indicates that dosage of these genes, especially @entity8 , is similar in males and females despite the fact they escape from X-inactivation in females. Taken together, the data suggest that gains in Xp11.22 including @entity8 cause @entity2 and are associated with @entity3 and @entity1 , and are likely to be dosage-sensitive in males.European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 10 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.123.

title: Xp11.2 microduplications including XXXX , @entity6 and @entity4 genes in @entity0 with neurodevelopmental disorders.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of intravenous @entity4 ( @entity5 ) administration on the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators in a @entity0 model of hind limb @entity1 /reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: There were 3 IR groups and 1 normal control (NC) group. The NC group did not undergo the IR procedure. @entity0 in the IR groups underwent 90 minutes of limb @entity1 followed by a variable period of reperfusion. @entity1 was performed by applying a 4.5-oz orthodontic rubber band to the left thigh. @entity0 in one IR group were sacrificed immediately after reperfusion. The other 2 IR groups were injected once with either 0.75 g @entity5 /kg body weight (G group) or an equal volume of saline (S group) via tail vein before reperfusion. @entity0 in the S and G groups were subdivided and sacrificed at 4 or 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: IR enhanced the inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in muscle. Also, plasma @entity3 levels, blood neutrophil percentage, and the adhesion molecule and chemokine receptors expressed by leukocytes were upregulated after reperfusion. The IR-induced muscle inflammatory mediator gene expressions, blood macrophage percentage, and plasma @entity3 concentration had declined at an early or a late phase of reperfusion when @entity5 was administered. Histologic findings also found that @entity2 was attenuated during IR insult. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of @entity5 administration immediately after sublethal lower limb @entity1 reduces the inflammatory reaction locally and systemically; this may offer local and distant organ protection in hind limb IR injury.

title: @entity4 Administration After Sublethal Lower Limb @entity1 Reduces Inflammatory Reaction and Offers Organ Protection in XXXX /Reperfusion Injury.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of intravenous @entity4 ( @entity5 ) administration on the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators in a @entity0 model of hind limb @entity1 /reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: There were 3 IR groups and 1 normal control (NC) group. The NC group did not undergo the IR procedure. @entity0 in the IR groups underwent 90 minutes of limb @entity1 followed by a variable period of reperfusion. @entity1 was performed by applying a 4.5-oz orthodontic rubber band to the left thigh. @entity0 in one IR group were sacrificed immediately after reperfusion. The other 2 IR groups were injected once with either 0.75 g @entity5 /kg body weight (G group) or an equal volume of saline (S group) via tail vein before reperfusion. @entity0 in the S and G groups were subdivided and sacrificed at 4 or 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: IR enhanced the inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in muscle. Also, plasma @entity3 levels, blood neutrophil percentage, and the adhesion molecule and chemokine receptors expressed by leukocytes were upregulated after reperfusion. The IR-induced muscle inflammatory mediator gene expressions, blood macrophage percentage, and plasma @entity3 concentration had declined at an early or a late phase of reperfusion when @entity5 was administered. Histologic findings also found that @entity2 was attenuated during IR insult. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of @entity5 administration immediately after sublethal lower limb @entity1 reduces the inflammatory reaction locally and systemically; this may offer local and distant organ protection in hind limb IR injury.

title: @entity4 Administration After Sublethal Lower Limb XXXX Reduces Inflammatory Reaction and Offers Organ Protection in @entity1 /Reperfusion Injury.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of intravenous @entity4 ( @entity5 ) administration on the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators in a @entity0 model of hind limb @entity1 /reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: There were 3 IR groups and 1 normal control (NC) group. The NC group did not undergo the IR procedure. @entity0 in the IR groups underwent 90 minutes of limb @entity1 followed by a variable period of reperfusion. @entity1 was performed by applying a 4.5-oz orthodontic rubber band to the left thigh. @entity0 in one IR group were sacrificed immediately after reperfusion. The other 2 IR groups were injected once with either 0.75 g @entity5 /kg body weight (G group) or an equal volume of saline (S group) via tail vein before reperfusion. @entity0 in the S and G groups were subdivided and sacrificed at 4 or 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: IR enhanced the inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in muscle. Also, plasma @entity3 levels, blood neutrophil percentage, and the adhesion molecule and chemokine receptors expressed by leukocytes were upregulated after reperfusion. The IR-induced muscle inflammatory mediator gene expressions, blood macrophage percentage, and plasma @entity3 concentration had declined at an early or a late phase of reperfusion when @entity5 was administered. Histologic findings also found that @entity2 was attenuated during IR insult. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of @entity5 administration immediately after sublethal lower limb @entity1 reduces the inflammatory reaction locally and systemically; this may offer local and distant organ protection in hind limb IR injury.

title: XXXX Administration After Sublethal Lower Limb @entity1 Reduces Inflammatory Reaction and Offers Organ Protection in @entity1 /Reperfusion Injury.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore preferences of gastroenterologists for biosimilar drugs in @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Discrete choice experiment was carried out involving 51 Hungarian gastroenterologists in May 2014. The following attributes were used to describe hypothetical choice sets: 1) type of the treatment (biosimilar/originator), 2) severity of disease, 3) availability of continuous medicine supply, 4) frequency of the efficacy check-ups. Multinomial logit model was used to differentiate between three attitude types: 1) always opting for the originator, 2) willing to consider biosimilar for biological-na  ve @entity0 only, 3) willing to consider biosimilar treatment for both types of @entity0 . Conditional logit model was used to estimate the probabilities of choosing a given profile. RESULTS: @entity0 , senior consultants, working in @entity1 center and treating more @entity0 were more likely willing to consider biosimilar for biological-na  ve @entity0 only. Treatment type (originator/biosimilar) was the most important determinant of choice for @entity0 already treated with biologicals, and the availability of continuous medicine supply in case of biological-na  ve @entity0 . The probabilities of choosing the biosimilar with all the benefits offered over the originator under current reimbursement conditions are 89% versus 11% for new @entity0 , and 44% versus 56% for @entity0 already treated with biological. CONCLUSIONS: For gastroenterologist, the continuous medical supply would be one of the major benefits of biosimilars. However, benefits offered in the scenarios do not compensate for the change from the originator to the biosimilar treatment of @entity0 already treated with biologicals.

title: Treatment preferences of originator versus biosimilar drugs in XXXX ; discrete choice experiment among gastroenterologists.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 @entity0 was induced in 21 healthy SPF-derived @entity1 . Once @entity0 was established (4 weeks after inoculation) the @entity1 were divided into three equal groups housed in separate rooms and monitored for 16 weeks. During this time, group A @entity1 received oral @entity3 at approximately 50 mg/kg daily and were shampooed twice weekly with a product containing @entity2 and @entity4 . Group B @entity1 were treated with @entity3 alone, and group C @entity1 served as untreated controls. The @entity1 were examined on a weekly basis and the severity of lesions was scored semi-quantitatively. In addition, hair samples were collected from each cat on a weekly basis by the MacKenzie brush technique and by the sticky-tape method. A semi-quantitative scoring system was also used for the assessment of fungal ( @entity5 ) growth. Generally, significant differences in clinical scores were not seen between the groups although at weeks 3, 4 and 11 there was a significant difference (P< or =0.015) with @entity1 in group A having significantly lower median scores than those in group C. Median times to clinical resolution (return of clinical scores to zero) in groups A, B and C were at treatment weeks 2, 9 and 12, respectively (P>0.05). Median times for mycological resolution (persistently negative culture results) for groups A, B and C were at treatment weeks 2, 9 and 12, respectively, for the MacKenzie brush technique and at weeks 4, 8 and 12 for the sticky-tape technique. For both these results, the groups differed significantly (P< or =0.001) and in both instances group A had significantly more rapid resolution than groups B or C. Median culture scores were significantly different between the three groups using one or both of the sampling techniques at week 2 through to week 12 of treatment with median scores for either group A alone, or groups A and B being significantly lower than group C (P< or =0.026). These results showed a benefit from the addition of twice-weekly @entity2 - @entity4 shampooing to systemic @entity3 therapy alone in the treatment of @entity5 infected @entity1 .

title: A study of the efficacy of topical and systemic therapy for the treatment of feline XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 @entity0 was induced in 21 healthy SPF-derived @entity1 . Once @entity0 was established (4 weeks after inoculation) the @entity1 were divided into three equal groups housed in separate rooms and monitored for 16 weeks. During this time, group A @entity1 received oral @entity3 at approximately 50 mg/kg daily and were shampooed twice weekly with a product containing @entity2 and @entity4 . Group B @entity1 were treated with @entity3 alone, and group C @entity1 served as untreated controls. The @entity1 were examined on a weekly basis and the severity of lesions was scored semi-quantitatively. In addition, hair samples were collected from each cat on a weekly basis by the MacKenzie brush technique and by the sticky-tape method. A semi-quantitative scoring system was also used for the assessment of fungal ( @entity5 ) growth. Generally, significant differences in clinical scores were not seen between the groups although at weeks 3, 4 and 11 there was a significant difference (P< or =0.015) with @entity1 in group A having significantly lower median scores than those in group C. Median times to clinical resolution (return of clinical scores to zero) in groups A, B and C were at treatment weeks 2, 9 and 12, respectively (P>0.05). Median times for mycological resolution (persistently negative culture results) for groups A, B and C were at treatment weeks 2, 9 and 12, respectively, for the MacKenzie brush technique and at weeks 4, 8 and 12 for the sticky-tape technique. For both these results, the groups differed significantly (P< or =0.001) and in both instances group A had significantly more rapid resolution than groups B or C. Median culture scores were significantly different between the three groups using one or both of the sampling techniques at week 2 through to week 12 of treatment with median scores for either group A alone, or groups A and B being significantly lower than group C (P< or =0.026). These results showed a benefit from the addition of twice-weekly @entity2 - @entity4 shampooing to systemic @entity3 therapy alone in the treatment of @entity5 infected @entity1 .

title: A study of the efficacy of topical and systemic therapy for the treatment of feline @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 , the cytokine produced by white adipose tissue is known to regulate food energy homeostasis through its hypothalamic receptor. In vitro studies have demonstrated that @entity7 plays a major role in angiogenesis through binding to the receptor Ob-R present on ECs by stimulating and initiating new capillary like structures from ECs. Various in vivo studies indicate that @entity7 has diverse effect on angiogenesis. A few reports have showed that @entity7 exerts pro angiogenic effects while some suggested that it has antiangiogenic potential. It is theoretically highly important to understand the effect of @entity7 on angiogenesis to use as a therapeutic molecule in various angiogenesis related pathological conditions. @entity2 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on 9th day of incubation was incubated with 1, 3 and 5   g concentration of HRL for 72  h using gelatin sponge. Images where taken after every 24  h of incubation and analysed with Angioguant software. The treated area was observed under microscope and histological evaluation was performed for the same. Tissue thickness was calculated morphometrically from @entity5 and @entity4 stained cross sections. Reverse transcriptase PCR and immunohistochemistry were also performed to study the gene and protein level expression of angiogenic molecules. RESULTS: HRL has the ability to induce new vessel formation at the treated area and growth of the newly formed vessels and cellular morphological changes occur in a dose dependent manner. Increase in the tissue thickness at the treated area is suggestive of initiation of new capillary like structures. Elevated mRNA and protein level expression of @entity3 and @entity6 along with the activation of ECs as demonstrated by the presence of @entity8 expression supports the neovascularization potential of HRL. CONCLUSION: Angiogenic potential of HRL depends on the concentration and time of incubation and is involved in the activation of ECs along with the major interaction of @entity3 and @entity6 . It is also observed that 3   g of HRL exhibits maximum angiogenic potential at 72  h of incubation. Thus our data suggest that dose dependent angiogenic potential HRL could provide a novel role in angiogenic dependent therapeutics such as @entity0 and wound healing conditions.

title: In ovo administration of human recombinant leptin shows dose dependent angiogenic effect on XXXX chorioallantoic membrane.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity3 increase with age and @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of age and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) to @entity5 in healthy elderly individuals. METHODS: MRI volume measurements (normalized to intracranial volume) were taken of total brain and lateral and third ventricles in 155 healthy @entity0 and @entity0 who went through extensive medical examinations. Younger (56 to 66 years old) and older (67 to 80 years old) subgroups were compared on casual and 24-hour ambulatory BP values and MRI volume measurements. RESULTS: Older subjects had smaller brain volumes and larger lateral and third ventricles. Compared with @entity0 , @entity0 had larger lateral and third ventricles. With age controlled for, greater sleep systolic BP (SBP) variability was associated with smaller brain volumes; greater waking and @entity4 variability were associated with larger lateral and third ventricles. Subjects with higher casual and waking SBP and waking diastolic BP had larger lateral ventricles. Among older subjects, only those with elevated SBP had smaller brain volumes and larger lateral ventricles. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that if BP levels are within the upper normal range, even healthy individuals with no prior diagnosis of @entity2 are more likely to have @entity5 than those with lower BP. Moreover, not only do BP level and variability relate to @entity5 , but the combination of high level and greater variability shows an even stronger relationship to @entity5 than either one of these variables alone.

title: Ambulatory blood pressure and XXXX in the healthy elderly.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and sympathetic @entity9 ( @entity9 ) are @entity2 that produce @entity11 , predisposing @entity0 to @entity4 and gastrointestinal effects such as @entity8 . OBJECTIVES: 1. Determine the prevalence of @entity8 , its risk factors, and its impact on survival. 2. Identify whether a systematic combination of fiber, water, and laxatives, was effective for treatment of @entity8 . DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 396 @entity0 with PH/PG diagnosed in 2005-2014. The study population was @entity0 with @entity8 as a presenting symptom; the control group, @entity0 without @entity8 as a presenting symptom. The @entity6 Anderson Symptom Inventory was used to assess @entity8 and quality of life. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity0 (6%) had @entity8 . Constipation was associated with @entity3 , palpitations, diaphoresis, weight loss, and excessive @entity7 production (p<0.0001). Eighteen of these @entity0 had non-metastatic @entity2 larger than 5 cm and/or extensive @entity1 . No statistically significant differences in age, sex, and genotype were noted between the study and control groups. In @entity0 without @entity1 , resection of the @entity2 led to symptom disappearance. A systematic combination of fiber, water, and laxatives was associated with symptom improvement. Two @entity0 who presented unmanaged @entity8 died because of @entity5 from toxic megacolon. CONCLUSIONS: Constipation is a rare and potentially lethal complication in @entity0 with PH/ @entity9 . Severe @entity8 can be prevented by recognizing and treating mild symptoms.

title: Constipation: An Overlooked, Unmanaged Symptom of @entity0 with XXXX and @entity9 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and sympathetic @entity9 ( @entity9 ) are @entity2 that produce @entity11 , predisposing @entity0 to @entity4 and gastrointestinal effects such as @entity8 . OBJECTIVES: 1. Determine the prevalence of @entity8 , its risk factors, and its impact on survival. 2. Identify whether a systematic combination of fiber, water, and laxatives, was effective for treatment of @entity8 . DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 396 @entity0 with PH/PG diagnosed in 2005-2014. The study population was @entity0 with @entity8 as a presenting symptom; the control group, @entity0 without @entity8 as a presenting symptom. The @entity6 Anderson Symptom Inventory was used to assess @entity8 and quality of life. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity0 (6%) had @entity8 . Constipation was associated with @entity3 , palpitations, diaphoresis, weight loss, and excessive @entity7 production (p<0.0001). Eighteen of these @entity0 had non-metastatic @entity2 larger than 5 cm and/or extensive @entity1 . No statistically significant differences in age, sex, and genotype were noted between the study and control groups. In @entity0 without @entity1 , resection of the @entity2 led to symptom disappearance. A systematic combination of fiber, water, and laxatives was associated with symptom improvement. Two @entity0 who presented unmanaged @entity8 died because of @entity5 from toxic megacolon. CONCLUSIONS: Constipation is a rare and potentially lethal complication in @entity0 with PH/ @entity9 . Severe @entity8 can be prevented by recognizing and treating mild symptoms.

title: Constipation: An Overlooked, Unmanaged Symptom of @entity0 with @entity10 and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and sympathetic @entity9 ( @entity9 ) are @entity2 that produce @entity11 , predisposing @entity0 to @entity4 and gastrointestinal effects such as @entity8 . OBJECTIVES: 1. Determine the prevalence of @entity8 , its risk factors, and its impact on survival. 2. Identify whether a systematic combination of fiber, water, and laxatives, was effective for treatment of @entity8 . DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 396 @entity0 with PH/PG diagnosed in 2005-2014. The study population was @entity0 with @entity8 as a presenting symptom; the control group, @entity0 without @entity8 as a presenting symptom. The @entity6 Anderson Symptom Inventory was used to assess @entity8 and quality of life. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity0 (6%) had @entity8 . Constipation was associated with @entity3 , palpitations, diaphoresis, weight loss, and excessive @entity7 production (p<0.0001). Eighteen of these @entity0 had non-metastatic @entity2 larger than 5 cm and/or extensive @entity1 . No statistically significant differences in age, sex, and genotype were noted between the study and control groups. In @entity0 without @entity1 , resection of the @entity2 led to symptom disappearance. A systematic combination of fiber, water, and laxatives was associated with symptom improvement. Two @entity0 who presented unmanaged @entity8 died because of @entity5 from toxic megacolon. CONCLUSIONS: Constipation is a rare and potentially lethal complication in @entity0 with PH/ @entity9 . Severe @entity8 can be prevented by recognizing and treating mild symptoms.

title: Constipation: An Overlooked, Unmanaged Symptom of XXXX with @entity10 and @entity9 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the @entity0 parasite @entity6 , erythrocytic trophozoites hydrolyse haemoglobin to provide @entity3 for parasite protein synthesis. @entity2 protease inhibitors block parasite haemoglobin hydrolysis and development, indicating that @entity2 proteases are required for these processes. Three papain-family @entity2 protease sequences have been identified in the @entity6 genome, but the specific roles of their gene products and other plasmodial proteases in haemoglobin hydrolysis are uncertain. @entity4 was recently identified as a principal trophozoite @entity2 protease and potential drug target. The present study characterizes the related @entity6 @entity2 protease @entity5 . As is the case with @entity4 , @entity5 is expressed by trophozoites and appears to be located within the food vacuole, the site of haemoglobin hydrolysis. Both proteases require a reducing environment and acidic pH for optimal activity, and both prefer peptide substrates with @entity1 at the P(2) position. The proteases differ, however, in that @entity5 undergoes efficient processing to an active form only at acidic pH, is more active and stable at acidic pH, and has much lower specific activity against typical papain-family peptide substrates, but has greater activity against native haemoglobin. Thus @entity5 is a second @entity6 haemoglobinase that is particularly suited for the hydrolysis of native haemoglobin in the acidic food vacuole. The redundancy of @entity2 proteases may offer optimized hydrolysis of both native haemoglobin and globin peptides. Consideration of both proteases will be necessary to evaluate @entity2 protease inhibitors as antimalarial drugs.

title: Expression and characterization of the XXXX haemoglobinase @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In the @entity0 parasite @entity6 , erythrocytic trophozoites hydrolyse haemoglobin to provide @entity3 for parasite protein synthesis. @entity2 protease inhibitors block parasite haemoglobin hydrolysis and development, indicating that @entity2 proteases are required for these processes. Three papain-family @entity2 protease sequences have been identified in the @entity6 genome, but the specific roles of their gene products and other plasmodial proteases in haemoglobin hydrolysis are uncertain. @entity4 was recently identified as a principal trophozoite @entity2 protease and potential drug target. The present study characterizes the related @entity6 @entity2 protease @entity5 . As is the case with @entity4 , @entity5 is expressed by trophozoites and appears to be located within the food vacuole, the site of haemoglobin hydrolysis. Both proteases require a reducing environment and acidic pH for optimal activity, and both prefer peptide substrates with @entity1 at the P(2) position. The proteases differ, however, in that @entity5 undergoes efficient processing to an active form only at acidic pH, is more active and stable at acidic pH, and has much lower specific activity against typical papain-family peptide substrates, but has greater activity against native haemoglobin. Thus @entity5 is a second @entity6 haemoglobinase that is particularly suited for the hydrolysis of native haemoglobin in the acidic food vacuole. The redundancy of @entity2 proteases may offer optimized hydrolysis of both native haemoglobin and globin peptides. Consideration of both proteases will be necessary to evaluate @entity2 protease inhibitors as antimalarial drugs.

title: Expression and characterization of the @entity6 haemoglobinase XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data regarding health consequences of @entity3 among survivors. METHODS: We surveyed 105 @entity3 survivors postdischarge from an Ebola treatment unit in Guinea using a standard data collection form. @entity0 rated recovery as the percentage of improvement in functional status, where 0% represents "unable to perform" and 100% represents "able to perform at prior level." RESULTS: The mean    standard deviation time interval between hospital discharge and administration of questionnaire was 103.5    47.9 days in 105 survivors. @entity2 was reported by 103 @entity0 , with varying severity levels: mild (n = 33), moderate (n = 65), or severe (n = 5). Reported @entity1 according to site was chest (30.7%), joint (86.7%), muscle (26.7%), and back (45.7%), among others. Recovery in functional status was graded as mild (10%-30%) (n = 2 [1.9%]), moderate (40%-70%) (n = 52 [50.0%]), and excellent (80%-100%) (n = 50 [48.1%]). Severity of @entity4 (R(2) = 0.09; P = .008) was directly associated with lower recovery in functional status in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 survivors frequently reported @entity2 and @entity4 . Severity of @entity4 was related to lower functional recovery. There may be a role for focused screening and intervention for symptoms identified in this study of survivors.

title: Study of XXXX Survivors in Guinea.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were introduced in the early 1990s with the goal of limiting the time, labor, bed rest, and @entity0 discomfort associated with manual compression (MC) for hemostasis after cardiovascular interventions. However, its advantage over MC has not been extensively studied after interventional procedures. The aim of this study was to do prospective, randomized study comparing the safety and efficacy of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) to that of MC in @entity0 undergoing transfemoral coronary and peripheral vascular interventional procedure. A prospective, randomized trial was undertaken on consecutive series of @entity0 admitted to King Fahd Hospital of the University for transfemoral coronary and peripheral vascular interventional procedures over 1 year. The study was designed to compare the hemostasis time in minutes and the incidence of @entity1 in @entity0 receiving @entity2 with those undergoing MC. All @entity0 were on antiplatelets and received heparin during the procedure. During the study period, 160 @entity0 were included, 80 in each group. There was a significant difference in mean time to hemostasis in minutes (15.83        1.63 minutes for MC and 0.42        0.04 minutes for the @entity2 ; p   <   0.001), time to ambulation in minutes (280        15 for MC and 120 for @entity2 ; p   =   0.04) and in minor complications (33.8% in MC vs. @entity2 5%; p   <   0.001). However, the major complication rate did not significantly differ between the two groups (0% in @entity2 vs. 2.5% in MC; p   =   0.15). @entity2 was found to achieve rapid closure of the femoral access site safely in @entity0 undergoing coronary and peripheral vascular interventional procedures under antiplatelets and systemic heparinization.

title: Comparison of Angioseal and Manual Compression in XXXX Undergoing Transfemoral Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Interventional Procedures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of a limited incision for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) repair was evaluated, and its outcome was analyzed in comparison to standard open repair. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between February 2000 and August 2001, 20 @entity0 with an @entity2 underwent minimal incision repair (MINI) for tube graft implantation. The minimal skin incision was made after localization of @entity1 and aortic bifurcation by CT and DSA. For repair of the upper part of the @entity2 the abdominal incision was retracted toward the head of the @entity0 who was in a jackknife @entity3 position. Conversely, when the peripheral portion of the @entity2 was treated, the abdominal incision was retracted caudally with the @entity0 in a flat or slightly bent @entity3 position. The operation itself was performed using the standard conventional technique. The length of the abdominal incision was 10 cm. Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcome of this procedure were compared to a group of @entity0 who underwent repair of @entity2 by means of a standard open technique (OPEN). RESULTS: @entity0 age in the MINI and OPEN groups were similar (69 +/- 11 vs. 69 +/- 9 years). However, there were significant differences between the MINI and OPEN groups in the time for starting oral intake of food (2,4 +/- 1,2 vs. 7,4 +/- 5,5 postoperative days, p = 0,003), time for starting to walk outside the room (2,2 +/- 0,7 vs. 4,6 +/- 2,2 postoperative days, p = 0,01) and operation times (197 +/- 37 vs. 294 +/- 83 min, p = 0,0004). CONCLUSION: Minimal incision repair is technically feasible and combines the benefits of a minimal incision with those of conventional open repair, reducing @entity0 recovery time.

title: [Minimal incision XXXX repair].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic value of CT venography after CT angiography of the pulmonary arteries using multislice helical CT in the diagnosis of @entity4 . METHODS: Between September 1999 and April 2001 252 @entity0 with clinically suspected @entity4 were examined. CT angiography of the pulmonary arteries was followed by CT venography of the inferior vena cava, the iliac veins and the proximal femoral veins; after April 2000 the popliteal veins and the proximal lower leg veins were additionally investigated. The examinations were performed with a double detector and a multidetector scanner (Elscint Twin and GE Lightspeed). RESULTS: @entity4 was found in 79/252 @entity0 (40 central and 39 @entity5 ). In 38/40 @entity0 with central PE and in 22/39 @entity0 with @entity5 in CT venography a @entity3 was detected, in 1/79 @entity0 a doubled inferior vena cava could be found. In 5 @entity0 with @entity2 of the inferior vena cava a transjugular cava filter placement was performed. In 13/173 @entity0 without @entity4 CT venography showed @entity3 . CONCLUSION: CT venography of the lower extremities is a practical and efficient additional examination to CT angiography in clinical suspected @entity4 . It can detect the causing @entity1 with a high sensitivity.

title: [CT Venography and CT Angiography of the Pulmonary Arteries in Acute XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the pattern of dentofacial @entity2 in commercial motorcycle accidents among riders and passengers in Cameroon. METHODS: This was a hospital based study conducted in 6 out of 10 regional capitals in the months of December 2011 to September 2012. Analyzed information included age, gender, residence, role on the motorcycle (rider or passenger), type, pattern and month of injury, cost, duration and @entity0 's perception about the cost of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 387 @entity0 were studied with majority of the @entity0 being 21-30 years (39.8%), males (63.8%), passengers (57.3%) and urban dwellers (85.8%). Most of the @entity2 occurred in December (20.7%), January (19.4%) and February (20.2%). Soft tissue @entity2 were most frequent (91.2%) followed by @entity2 to the teeth (83.5%), of which 62.3% were @entity3 . Mandibular fracture was commoner than maxillary fracture; (45% versus 25.3%). A total of 44.2% of @entity0 received their treatment as in- @entity0 . The treatment of the dentofacial @entity2 among 64.3% of the @entity0 lasted for more than a month. A total of 51.9% of the @entity0 spent 100,000 francs ( 200) or more for their treatment. More than half (51.4%) of the @entity0 perceived the cost of treatment as expensive. CONCLUSION: @entity2 in commercial motorcycle accidents necessitated hospital admission and lengthy treatment time with high attendant cost. Preventing these @entity2 will serves as a form of poverty reduction as money that will be used by the victim to better their life is not used to correct @entity1 .

title: XXXX in commercial motorcycle accidents in Cameroon: pattern and cost implication of care.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Polycythemia Vera (PV) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are @entity3 complicated by a high incidence of @entity4 . Extensive coagulation studies failed to demonstrate a consistent pattern of abnormalities associated with @entity4 . Recently, a poor anticoagulant response to @entity7 ( @entity7 ), due to a mutation of factor V (FV Leiden), has been identified as the most frequent @entity2 associated with venous @entity1 . We investigated in 304 @entity0 with PV and @entity6 whether the presence of FV Leiden could be a risk factor for @entity4 . FV Leiden was found in 14/304 @entity0 (4.6%) and was associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) occurred before and at diagnosis (5/27,16%, with a significant difference of prevalence in comparison of that observed in asymptomatic @entity0 , 9/263, 3%, p = 0.003). Carriership of FV Leiden was associated with @entity5 relapse, with a prevalence of 3.6% in asymptomatic @entity0 , 6.9% in @entity0 with a single episode of @entity5 and 18.1% in @entity0 with recurrent @entity5 . The prevalence of FV Leiden in @entity0 with and without arterial @entity4 was similar (5/79, 6% and 9/211, 4%, respectively, p = 0.337). This study indicates that the prevalence of the FV Leiden mutation in @entity0 with PV and @entity6 is comparable with that observed in the general population. FV Leiden mutation is a risk factor for @entity5 before and at time of diagnosis and for @entity5 recurrences. Screening for FV Leiden may be considered to identify PV and @entity6 @entity0 at higher risk of recurrences.

title: Factor V Leiden mutation carriership and XXXX in polycythemia vera and @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Polycythemia Vera (PV) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are @entity3 complicated by a high incidence of @entity4 . Extensive coagulation studies failed to demonstrate a consistent pattern of abnormalities associated with @entity4 . Recently, a poor anticoagulant response to @entity7 ( @entity7 ), due to a mutation of factor V (FV Leiden), has been identified as the most frequent @entity2 associated with venous @entity1 . We investigated in 304 @entity0 with PV and @entity6 whether the presence of FV Leiden could be a risk factor for @entity4 . FV Leiden was found in 14/304 @entity0 (4.6%) and was associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) occurred before and at diagnosis (5/27,16%, with a significant difference of prevalence in comparison of that observed in asymptomatic @entity0 , 9/263, 3%, p = 0.003). Carriership of FV Leiden was associated with @entity5 relapse, with a prevalence of 3.6% in asymptomatic @entity0 , 6.9% in @entity0 with a single episode of @entity5 and 18.1% in @entity0 with recurrent @entity5 . The prevalence of FV Leiden in @entity0 with and without arterial @entity4 was similar (5/79, 6% and 9/211, 4%, respectively, p = 0.337). This study indicates that the prevalence of the FV Leiden mutation in @entity0 with PV and @entity6 is comparable with that observed in the general population. FV Leiden mutation is a risk factor for @entity5 before and at time of diagnosis and for @entity5 recurrences. Screening for FV Leiden may be considered to identify PV and @entity6 @entity0 at higher risk of recurrences.

title: Factor V Leiden mutation carriership and @entity5 in polycythemia vera and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The biostability of a series of @entity4 ( @entity5 )-coated @entity2 fabrics was investigated in an in vitro model. @entity5 -coated sample fabrics were incubated in saline at 37 degrees C for 1 and 2 weeks. After each period of incubation, the surface electrical resistivity of the sample fabrics was measured to monitor the changes caused by the incubation. Redoping was then performed by immersing the sample fabrics in a 1N @entity3 solution at room temperature for 30 min, which was followed by another measurement of the surface resistivity. The surface morphology of the sample fabrics was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The surface chemical composition of the fabrics and the oxidation of @entity1 in @entity5 were measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface electrical resistivity of the @entity5 -coated fabrics was found to increase with the progress of incubation, which was mainly caused by dedoping and uptake of @entity0 . This increase was nonlinear and accelerated with time. The surface resistivity of most of the samples was retained in the range of 10(3)-10(4) Omega/square after 1 week of incubation, which was considered suitable for short-term electrical stimulation applications. Physical deterioration represented by the cracking and delamination of the @entity5 coating was occasionally observed on the sample fabrics showing the most significant increase of resistivity. Further improvement of the stability of conductivity is highly desirable.

title: Biostability of electrically conductive XXXX fabrics: an in vitro study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of proteins which in mammals is comprised of four isoforms ( @entity3 -IV). @entity3 and MT-II are expressed in many tissues, whereas @entity2 is expressed exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast to the liver, the knowledge of the regulation of the different MT isoforms in the brain is scarce. A number of cytokines have been shown to be important regulators of MT synthesis in vivo and in vitro. In accordance with this concept, the i.p. administration of endotoxin, which elicits the release of cytokines not only in peripheral tissues but also in the brain, caused an overall increase of @entity2 levels in the @entity0 brain which was very significant in medulla + pons and cerebellum. Among the putative cytokines involved in endotoxin-elicited brain @entity2 induction, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are likely candidates. These cytokines have a variety of effects in the brain, and they are major regulators of @entity2 synthesis in tissues such as the liver. Here we show the administration of IL-1 and @entity1 into the third ventricle increased @entity2 protein levels in specific brain areas in the @entity0 . IL-1 tended to increase @entity2 levels in all brain areas studied, but significantly in the striatum, hypothalamus, medulla + pons and cerebellum. The effect of @entity1 was more restricted, but a significant increase of @entity2 levels was still observed in frontal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum. The results suggest that IL-1 and @entity1 are important regulators of brain @entity2 and that these cytokines could mediate @entity3 +II induction after an immunological insult.

title: Endotoxin and intracerebroventricular injection of IL-1 and @entity1 induce @entity0 brain XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of proteins which in mammals is comprised of four isoforms ( @entity3 -IV). @entity3 and MT-II are expressed in many tissues, whereas @entity2 is expressed exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast to the liver, the knowledge of the regulation of the different MT isoforms in the brain is scarce. A number of cytokines have been shown to be important regulators of MT synthesis in vivo and in vitro. In accordance with this concept, the i.p. administration of endotoxin, which elicits the release of cytokines not only in peripheral tissues but also in the brain, caused an overall increase of @entity2 levels in the @entity0 brain which was very significant in medulla + pons and cerebellum. Among the putative cytokines involved in endotoxin-elicited brain @entity2 induction, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are likely candidates. These cytokines have a variety of effects in the brain, and they are major regulators of @entity2 synthesis in tissues such as the liver. Here we show the administration of IL-1 and @entity1 into the third ventricle increased @entity2 protein levels in specific brain areas in the @entity0 . IL-1 tended to increase @entity2 levels in all brain areas studied, but significantly in the striatum, hypothalamus, medulla + pons and cerebellum. The effect of @entity1 was more restricted, but a significant increase of @entity2 levels was still observed in frontal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum. The results suggest that IL-1 and @entity1 are important regulators of brain @entity2 and that these cytokines could mediate @entity3 +II induction after an immunological insult.

title: Endotoxin and intracerebroventricular injection of IL-1 and XXXX induce @entity0 brain @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of proteins which in mammals is comprised of four isoforms ( @entity3 -IV). @entity3 and MT-II are expressed in many tissues, whereas @entity2 is expressed exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast to the liver, the knowledge of the regulation of the different MT isoforms in the brain is scarce. A number of cytokines have been shown to be important regulators of MT synthesis in vivo and in vitro. In accordance with this concept, the i.p. administration of endotoxin, which elicits the release of cytokines not only in peripheral tissues but also in the brain, caused an overall increase of @entity2 levels in the @entity0 brain which was very significant in medulla + pons and cerebellum. Among the putative cytokines involved in endotoxin-elicited brain @entity2 induction, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are likely candidates. These cytokines have a variety of effects in the brain, and they are major regulators of @entity2 synthesis in tissues such as the liver. Here we show the administration of IL-1 and @entity1 into the third ventricle increased @entity2 protein levels in specific brain areas in the @entity0 . IL-1 tended to increase @entity2 levels in all brain areas studied, but significantly in the striatum, hypothalamus, medulla + pons and cerebellum. The effect of @entity1 was more restricted, but a significant increase of @entity2 levels was still observed in frontal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum. The results suggest that IL-1 and @entity1 are important regulators of brain @entity2 and that these cytokines could mediate @entity3 +II induction after an immunological insult.

title: Endotoxin and intracerebroventricular injection of IL-1 and @entity1 induce XXXX brain @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous literature has implicated that there might be an individual susceptibility difference in terms of race/ethnicity and gender in response to second hand smoke (SHS) exposure. This study was done to examine the effect of SHS exposure on lung function in non-smoking Korean @entity0 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008-2011. A total of 2,513 female @entity0 , age 40 yr and older, with no respiratory symptoms or prior @entity2 , were included in this study. @entity0 ' smoking status was examined using both self-reported history and measurement of urinary @entity3 level. Lung function was assessed using spirometry data, including FVC and FEV1. T-test and Chi-square tests were performed to compare diverse variables between groups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, height, @entity1 consumption, and level of exercise was used to see any statistical differences in lung function parameters between non-SHS exposed and SHS-exposed groups. RESULTS: Among 2,513 non-smoking females, 767 (30.5%) were SHS-exposed. The urinary @entity3 levels clearly distinguished SHS exposure, and the mean urinary @entity3 levels were 7.1  0.4 and 11  0.7 in non-SHS exposed group vs. SHS-exposed group, respectively (P < 0.001). Urinary @entity3 levels were correlated with duration of SHS exposure. However, both groups had normal lung function and there was no significant difference between the two groups in lung function. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary @entity3 is a valuable marker of SHS exposure. Korean @entity0 may have higher tolerance for SHS exposure-induced lung function decline.

title: Effect of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure on Lung Function among Non-Smoking Korean XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To recommend the operative laparoscopic techniques for gynecology. METHODS: Proper application of the technical skills was described on the basis of 878 operations performed laparoscopically. These skills were divided into three groups: level I endocoagulation in 124 cases; level II pretied ligature placement and aquadissection in 653 cases; level III electrosection, electrocoagulation and knottying, suturing in 101 cases. RESULTS: A total of 866 operations were completed laparoscopically without major @entity4 . Twelve cases were converted to laparotomy due to difficulties. The mean operating time for level I, level II and level III group was 49 minutes, 77 minutes and 171 minutes respectively. The incidence of febrile mobidity for level I, level II and level III group was 0.0%, 4.8% and 33.3% respectively. There was one case of @entity1 associated with @entity2 in the level III group. However, no major @entity3 occurred in the level I-II group and the clinical outcome including the overall @entity0 satisfaction was good. CONCLUSION: Mastery of operative laparoscopic techniques step by step along with the degree of surgical difficulty is madatory, and can deliver optimal clinical outcome hopefully. It will also help to expand the use of operative gynecologic laparoscopy in a safe and effective way.

title: [Initial experience of 878 XXXX with operative gynecologic laparoscopy].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the specific expansion method of @entity0 gamma delta T cell and the molecular mechanism against @entity1 cells. METHODS: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured with XG-7 cells as stimulating cells and activated for the expansion of gamma delta T cells. Immunophonotype was analysed by IIFA and FACS. The cytotoxicity of gamma delta T cell against @entity1 cells was measured by 51Cr four hour release assay. RESULTS: When this novel culture system was used, gamma delta T cells mainly expressing V gamma 9/V delta 2 encoded TCR were selected and expanded rapidly from 4.8 +/- 3.4% to 46.2 +/- 8.3%. With exogenous @entity2 , gamma delta T cells were expanded in large quantity 10(10) within 3 weeks. gamma delta T cells mediated strong cytotoxic activity to different @entity1 cells including K562, Daudi, XG-7 cell lines, but no cytotoxic activity to normal cells was observed. XG-7 cells expressed HSP molecules and anti-HSP in mAB blocked the proliferation of gamma delta T cells. CONCLUSION: The method shows unique biological properties: brief, rapid, well-repeating and wide cytotoxic activity against @entity1 cells. So gamma delta T cells are of value in @entity1 adoptive immunotherapy.

title: [Establishment of a novel culture system for specific expansion of XXXX gamma delta T cell and study of its biological properties].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To clarify the relationship between the percentage of lung receiving low radiation doses with concurrent chemotherapy and the occurrence of @entity3 in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: From 117 @entity0 who underwent preoperative chemoradiation for esophageal @entity1 at our institution between 1998 and 2002, we selected 61 @entity0 for whom complete pulmonary dose-volume histogram (DVH) data were available and analyzed the incidence of @entity2 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in this group. All @entity0 received concurrent chemoradiation therapy, and 39 @entity0 also received induction chemotherapy before concurrent chemoradiation. The median age was 62 years, and the median radiotherapy dose was 45 Gy. The percentage of lung volume receiving at least 10 Gy (V10), 15 Gy ( @entity8 ), and 20 Gy (V20) were recorded from each pulmonary DVH. RESULTS: Eleven (18%) of the 61 @entity0 had @entity4 , 2 of whom died after progression of @entity2 . Pulmonary complications were noted more often (35% vs. 8%, p = 0.014) when the pulmonary V10 was > or =40% vs. <40% and when the @entity8 was > or /=30% vs. < 30% (33% vs. 10%, p = 0.036). An apparent increase in @entity4 rate when V20 was > or =20% vs. <20% (32% vs. 10%, p = 0.079) was not significant. None of the other factors analyzed (surgical procedure, @entity1 location, use of induction chemotherapy, use of concurrent @entity7 -based chemoradiation, or smoking history) was associated with the occurrence of @entity4 . The median hospital stay was 17 days for @entity0 who had @entity4 vs. 12 days for @entity0 who did not (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The use of multimodality therapy may require minimization of lung volume irradiation to levels lower than previously expected. Radiotherapy techniques that decrease the volume of lung receiving low radiation doses may significantly reduce the risk of this potentially life-threatening complication.

title: @entity3 after preoperative chemoradiation for XXXX : correlation with pulmonary dose-volume histogram parameters.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To clarify the relationship between the percentage of lung receiving low radiation doses with concurrent chemotherapy and the occurrence of @entity3 in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: From 117 @entity0 who underwent preoperative chemoradiation for esophageal @entity1 at our institution between 1998 and 2002, we selected 61 @entity0 for whom complete pulmonary dose-volume histogram (DVH) data were available and analyzed the incidence of @entity2 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in this group. All @entity0 received concurrent chemoradiation therapy, and 39 @entity0 also received induction chemotherapy before concurrent chemoradiation. The median age was 62 years, and the median radiotherapy dose was 45 Gy. The percentage of lung volume receiving at least 10 Gy (V10), 15 Gy ( @entity8 ), and 20 Gy (V20) were recorded from each pulmonary DVH. RESULTS: Eleven (18%) of the 61 @entity0 had @entity4 , 2 of whom died after progression of @entity2 . Pulmonary complications were noted more often (35% vs. 8%, p = 0.014) when the pulmonary V10 was > or =40% vs. <40% and when the @entity8 was > or /=30% vs. < 30% (33% vs. 10%, p = 0.036). An apparent increase in @entity4 rate when V20 was > or =20% vs. <20% (32% vs. 10%, p = 0.079) was not significant. None of the other factors analyzed (surgical procedure, @entity1 location, use of induction chemotherapy, use of concurrent @entity7 -based chemoradiation, or smoking history) was associated with the occurrence of @entity4 . The median hospital stay was 17 days for @entity0 who had @entity4 vs. 12 days for @entity0 who did not (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The use of multimodality therapy may require minimization of lung volume irradiation to levels lower than previously expected. Radiotherapy techniques that decrease the volume of lung receiving low radiation doses may significantly reduce the risk of this potentially life-threatening complication.

title: XXXX after preoperative chemoradiation for @entity5 : correlation with pulmonary dose-volume histogram parameters.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity6 inhibitors (PPIs) have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes amongst @entity5 users after an @entity4 . Recent pre-clinical results suggest that this risk might extend to subjects without any prior history of @entity1 . We explore this potential risk in the general population via data-mining approaches. METHODS: Using a novel approach for mining clinical data for pharmacovigilance, we queried over 16 million clinical documents on 2.9 million individuals to examine whether PPI usage was associated with cardiovascular risk in the general population. RESULTS: In multiple data sources, we found @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 exposed to PPIs to have a 1.16 fold increased association (95% CI 1.09-1.24) with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Survival analysis in a prospective cohort found a two-fold (HR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.07-3.78; P = 0.031) increase in association with @entity1 . We found that this association exists regardless of @entity5 use. We also found that H2 blockers, an alternate treatment for @entity2 , were not associated with increased cardiovascular risk; had they been in place, such pharmacovigilance algorithms could have flagged this risk as early as the year 2000. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with our pre-clinical findings that PPIs may adversely impact vascular function, our data-mining study supports the association of PPI exposure with risk for @entity3 in the general population. These data provide an example of how a combination of experimental studies and data-mining approaches can be applied to prioritize drug safety signals for further investigation.

title: XXXX Inhibitor Usage and the Risk of @entity3 in the General Population.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity6 inhibitors (PPIs) have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes amongst @entity5 users after an @entity4 . Recent pre-clinical results suggest that this risk might extend to subjects without any prior history of @entity1 . We explore this potential risk in the general population via data-mining approaches. METHODS: Using a novel approach for mining clinical data for pharmacovigilance, we queried over 16 million clinical documents on 2.9 million individuals to examine whether PPI usage was associated with cardiovascular risk in the general population. RESULTS: In multiple data sources, we found @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 exposed to PPIs to have a 1.16 fold increased association (95% CI 1.09-1.24) with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Survival analysis in a prospective cohort found a two-fold (HR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.07-3.78; P = 0.031) increase in association with @entity1 . We found that this association exists regardless of @entity5 use. We also found that H2 blockers, an alternate treatment for @entity2 , were not associated with increased cardiovascular risk; had they been in place, such pharmacovigilance algorithms could have flagged this risk as early as the year 2000. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with our pre-clinical findings that PPIs may adversely impact vascular function, our data-mining study supports the association of PPI exposure with risk for @entity3 in the general population. These data provide an example of how a combination of experimental studies and data-mining approaches can be applied to prioritize drug safety signals for further investigation.

title: @entity6 Inhibitor Usage and the Risk of XXXX in the General Population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We designed and tested the validity of a questionnaire to characterize @entity7 associated with increased future @entity1 risk, based on the 2011 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) guidelines. METHODS: A maternal recall questionnaire of pregnancy history was administered to 971 @entity0 who had participated in a previous cohort study of 1,608 pregnant @entity0 . Medical records from the study pregnancy served as the gold standard. Prevalence, sensitivity (sens), specificity (spec), positive predictive value ( @entity5 ), negative predictive value (NPV), and/or Spearman's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for each question. RESULTS: A total of 526 (54%) individuals recontacted responded. Respondents were more likely to be older, white, educated, and nulliparous and were less likely to deliver low-birthweight @entity0 in the study pregnancy than were individuals who did not respond. Mean length of recall was 4.35 years (standard deviation [SD] 0.46) postpartum. Maternal recall was most accurate for @entity6 (sens: 92%, spec: 98%, @entity5 : 79%, NPV: 99%), @entity0 birthweight (r=0.95), and gestation length (r=0.85). Maternal recall was modest for @entity4 (sens: 79%, spec: 97%, @entity5 : 68%, NPV: 98%) and pregnancy-associated @entity2 , including @entity4 or gestational @entity2 (sens: 60%, spec: 95%, @entity5 : 64%, NPV: 94%). CONCLUSIONS: This validation study demonstrated that the majority of @entity0 could accurately recall a history of @entity6 , @entity0 birthweight, and gestational age at delivery, 4 years postpartum on average. Recall of @entity4 and pregnancy-associated @entity2 overall was modest. Maternal report of these pregnancy conditions may help clinicians identify @entity0 at increased risk for @entity1 .

title: Pregnancy Complications as Markers for Subsequent XXXX : Validation of a Maternal Recall Questionnaire.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pathological @entity3 are symptomatic to several @entity1 that are difficult to differentiate and the way by which central oscillatory networks entrain @entity5 is unknown. We considered the alternative hypotheses that @entity3 arises from one oscillator (at the @entity3 frequency) or, as suggested by recent findings from the superimposition of two separate inputs (at the @entity3 frequency and twice that frequency). APPROACH: Assuming one central oscillatory network we estimated analytically the relative amplitude of the harmonics of the @entity3 frequency in the motor neuron output for different temporal behaviors of the oscillator. Next, we analyzed the bias in the relative harmonics amplitude introduced by superimposing oscillations at twice the @entity3 frequency. These findings were validated using experimental measurements of wrist angular velocity and surface electromyography (EMG) from 22 @entity0 (11 essential @entity3 , 11 @entity2 ). The ensemble motor unit action potential trains identified from the EMG represented the neural drive to the muscles. MAIN RESULTS: The analytical results showed that the relative power of the @entity3 harmonics in the analytical models of the neural drive was determined by the variability and duration of the @entity3 bursts and the presence of the second oscillator biased this power towards higher values. The experimental findings accurately matched the analytical model assuming one oscillator, indicating a negligible functional role of secondary oscillatory inputs. Furthermore, a significant difference in the relative power of harmonics in the neural drive was found across the @entity0 groups, suggesting a diagnostic value of this measure (classification accuracy: 86%). This diagnostic power decreased substantially when estimated from limb acceleration or the EMG. Signficance. The results indicate that the neural drive in pathological @entity3 is compatible with one central network providing @entity4 at the @entity3 frequency. Moreover, the regularity of this @entity4 varies across @entity3 pathologies, making the relative amplitude of @entity3 harmonics a potential biomarker for diagnostic use.

title: One central oscillatory drive is compatible with experimental motor unit behaviour in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite dramatic improvements in the management of @entity3 , much remains to be accomplished. Arterial stiffness, through its effects on central aortic pressure, is a key determinant of increased cardiovascular risk. Increased pulse pressure is a late manifestation of increased arterial stiffness. What is needed is a simple, reliable, non-invasive method of detecting early disturbances in central artery stiffness at a time when therapeutic intervention can be most beneficial. Currently, intervention studies support initiating antihypertensive therapy in uncomplicated @entity4 when systolic blood pressure > or = 160 mmHg, whereas the benefit of treating systolic blood pressure of 140-159 mmHg, the largest subset of @entity0 with @entity4 , has yet to be tested in controlled trials. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal target goal for blood pressure reduction in both uncomplicated @entity4 and in @entity4 complicated by @entity1 , @entity5 , or @entity2 . Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may provide selective cardiac and renal protection beyond their blood pressure-lowering effect in the presence of specific @entity3 and/or @entity1 . In contrast, there is as yet no definitive answer as to the relative benefit of blood pressure lowering versus specific drug effects in minimizing cardiovascular events in uncomplicated @entity4 . Although there has been a recent increase in @entity4 awareness and treatment, only a small percentage of affected individuals are being treated to goal. @entity3 represents a world-wide public health challenge that can be solved only by new innovative measures aimed at both prevention and treatment.

title: Blood pressure and XXXX : what remains to be achieved?

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Envenoming snakebites are thought to be a particularly important threat to @entity0 worldwide, especially in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries. The true magnitude of the @entity0 threat posed by snakebites is unknown, making it difficult for @entity0 officials to optimize prevention and treatment. The objective of this work was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to gather data on snakebite epidemiology in the Amazon region and describe a case series of snakebites from epidemiological surveillance in the State of Amazonas (1974-2012). Only 11 articles regarding snakebites were found. In the State of Amazonas, information regarding incidents involving snakes is scarce. Historical trends show an increasing number of cases after the second half of the 1980s. @entity1 predominated among adults (20-39 years old; 38%), in the male gender (78.9%) and in those living in rural areas (85.6%). The predominant snake envenomation type was bothropic. The incidence reported by the epidemiological surveillance in the State of Amazonas, reaching up to 200 cases/100,000 inhabitants in some areas, is among the highest annual snakebite incidence rates of any region in the world. The majority of the cases were reported in the rainy season with a case-fatality rate of 0.6%. @entity1 is a great disease burden in the State of Amazonas, representing a challenge for future investigations, including approaches to estimating incidence under-notification and case-fatality rates as well as the factors related to severity and disabilities.

title: XXXX as a largely neglected problem in the Brazilian Amazon: highlights of the epidemiological trends in the State of Amazonas.

answer: @entity1