abstract: @entity3 is a rare cutaneous @entity2 characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth, which normally does not lead to systemic @entity1 . Frequent local recurrences are reported, which are most likely due to insufficient operative technique. We present the fourth case of cervical ipsilateral metastatic @entity3 in an otherwise healthy @entity0 . The @entity0 presented with a previously diagnosed but not completely resected @entity3 in the area of the right posterior scalp and two palpable ipsilateral lymph nodes. The @entity2 was resected using intraoperative snap frozen histological evaluation of the resection borders. In the same procedure two lymph nodes were resected from the right neck. The lymph nodes were histologically assessed and showed infiltration by small strains of @entity2 cells. After exclusion of a second @entity2 , e.g., @entity3 , as the cause for cervical lymph node @entity1 , we performed a modified radical neck dissection with resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the accessory nerve, which was histologically proven to be perineurally infiltrated by @entity2 cells. In this second procedure the histological evaluation of the specimen showed no sign of remaining @entity2 infiltration. After exclusion of distant @entity1 the @entity0 was irradiated with 60 Gy. The @entity0 is well 1 year after the initial treatment without signs of recurrence.

title: Cervical @entity1 of XXXX in an otherwise healthy @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is a rare cutaneous @entity2 characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth, which normally does not lead to systemic @entity1 . Frequent local recurrences are reported, which are most likely due to insufficient operative technique. We present the fourth case of cervical ipsilateral metastatic @entity3 in an otherwise healthy @entity0 . The @entity0 presented with a previously diagnosed but not completely resected @entity3 in the area of the right posterior scalp and two palpable ipsilateral lymph nodes. The @entity2 was resected using intraoperative snap frozen histological evaluation of the resection borders. In the same procedure two lymph nodes were resected from the right neck. The lymph nodes were histologically assessed and showed infiltration by small strains of @entity2 cells. After exclusion of a second @entity2 , e.g., @entity3 , as the cause for cervical lymph node @entity1 , we performed a modified radical neck dissection with resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the accessory nerve, which was histologically proven to be perineurally infiltrated by @entity2 cells. In this second procedure the histological evaluation of the specimen showed no sign of remaining @entity2 infiltration. After exclusion of distant @entity1 the @entity0 was irradiated with 60 Gy. The @entity0 is well 1 year after the initial treatment without signs of recurrence.

title: Cervical XXXX of @entity3 in an otherwise healthy @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is a rare cutaneous @entity2 characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth, which normally does not lead to systemic @entity1 . Frequent local recurrences are reported, which are most likely due to insufficient operative technique. We present the fourth case of cervical ipsilateral metastatic @entity3 in an otherwise healthy @entity0 . The @entity0 presented with a previously diagnosed but not completely resected @entity3 in the area of the right posterior scalp and two palpable ipsilateral lymph nodes. The @entity2 was resected using intraoperative snap frozen histological evaluation of the resection borders. In the same procedure two lymph nodes were resected from the right neck. The lymph nodes were histologically assessed and showed infiltration by small strains of @entity2 cells. After exclusion of a second @entity2 , e.g., @entity3 , as the cause for cervical lymph node @entity1 , we performed a modified radical neck dissection with resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the accessory nerve, which was histologically proven to be perineurally infiltrated by @entity2 cells. In this second procedure the histological evaluation of the specimen showed no sign of remaining @entity2 infiltration. After exclusion of distant @entity1 the @entity0 was irradiated with 60 Gy. The @entity0 is well 1 year after the initial treatment without signs of recurrence.

title: Cervical @entity1 of @entity3 in an otherwise healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity7 ) is now accepted as the preferred technique to establish long-term enteral feeding. A total of 30 pediatric @entity0 (21 males and 9 females, aged from 5 months to 14 years) underwent @entity7 in the National Taiwan University Hospital from December 1994 to February 2001. The underlying diseases of the @entity0 receiving @entity7 were @entity1 ( n=26), @entity5 ( n=2) and @entity2 ( n=2). All @entity0 received intravenous sedation and @entity7 was performed successfully. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment was given for 1 day. Tube feeding began 48 h after the placement. The Z-score of weight before and 6 months after @entity7 was -1.54+/-1.74 and -0.98+/-1.46, respectively, which is significant (paired t-test, p<0.0001). Accelerated @entity8 was found after @entity7 . Complications of @entity7 in our @entity0 included local wound @entity3 ( n=15), @entity4 ( n=1), @entity6 ( n=1), dislodgement of tube ( n=6) and tube occlusion ( n=2). Of these @entity0 12 received button replacement after @entity7 and the @entity9 was discontinued in 2 @entity0 when they resumed adequate oral intake. Removal of @entity7 was performed in 2 @entity0 due to complications of @entity4 and severe dislodgement. Our results encourage the use of @entity7 as a long-term route for nutritional supply.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to set up a long-term enteral feeding route in XXXX : an encouraging result.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention and early detection of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is important after arthroplasty of the lower limb. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between @entity3 and hemostatic markers after minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (MIS-TKA). METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 50 @entity0 (55 knees) who underwent primary unilateral MIS-TKA with periodic determination of D-dimer and soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC) concentrations and with ultrasonography. The development of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity3 , location of @entity1 ( @entity4 ; proximal or distal), changes in SFMC and D-dimer concentrations, and correlations between hemostatic markers and @entity3 onset were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity0 (47  %) had an asymptomatic @entity4 , but none had proximal @entity4 , @entity2 , or symptomatic @entity4 . @entity4 was detected at postoperative day 1 (POD1) in 16 @entity0 , POD3 in six, and POD5 in three (excluding detections of the same @entity4 in the same position on different days). @entity4 onset correlated significantly with SFMC concentration on POD1 and with D-dimer concentration on POD3. The D-dimer concentration did not differ significantly between @entity0 who developed @entity4 ( @entity4 +) and those who did not ( @entity4 -) at each postoperative time. SFMC concentration differed between @entity4 + and @entity4 - @entity0 only on POD1. Analysis of each hemostatic marker classified as either within or outside the normal concentration range showed no significant correlations between D-dimer concentration and @entity4 onset at each period. There were significant correlations between SFMC concentrations and @entity4 onset on POD1 and POD3. There were also significant correlations between D-dimer positive (+) findings and/or SFMC+ findings and @entity4 onset on POD1 and POD3. D-dimer+ and/or SFMC+ findings had better specificity on POD1 and a positive predictive value on POD1 and POD3 compared with SFMC+ alone. CONCLUSIONS: SFMC concentration is an effective hemostatic marker for early detection of @entity4 . D-dimer concentration alone has limited value as a hemostatic marker for early detection of @entity4 . Measurement of both D-dimer and SFMC concentrations might be a more sensitive diagnostic tool than measuring SFMC concentration alone.

title: Associations between XXXX onset, D-dimer, and soluble fibrin monomer complex after total knee arthroplasty.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 have complex and multi-faceted underlying mechanisms, rendering these disorders difficult to treat consistently and effectively. One under-explored therapeutic strategy for alleviating @entity6 is the targeting of microRNAs (miRs). miRs are small non-coding RNAs that cause sequestration/degradation of specific mRNAs, thereby preventing protein translation and downstream functions. @entity8 has validated and predicted neurotrophic factor and inflammatory mRNA targets, which led to our hypothesis that @entity8 deletion would modulate affective behaviors. To evaluate @entity1 -like behavior, wildtype (wt) and @entity8 knockout (ko) @entity0 (littermates; both male and female) were assessed in the open field and on an elevated plus maze. In both tests, @entity8 ko @entity0 spent more time in open areas, suggesting they had reduced @entity1 -like behavior. @entity2 -like behaviors were assessed using the forced swim test. Compared to wt @entity0 , @entity8 ko @entity0 exhibited reduced float duration and increased latency to float. Further, although all @entity0 exhibited a strong preference for a @entity5 solution over water, this preference was enhanced in @entity8 ko @entity0 . @entity8 ko @entity0 had no @entity7 (Barnes maze) or social preference/novelty suggesting that changes in mood were specific. Finally, compared to wt hippocampi, @entity8 ko hippocampi had a reduced inflammatory signature (e.g., decreased @entity4 , @entity3 ) and female @entity8 ko @entity0 increased ciliary neurotrophic factor expression. Together, these data highlight the importance of studying microRNAs in the context of @entity1 and @entity2 and identify @entity8 as a novel potential therapeutic target for improving @entity6 .

title: MicroRNA-155 deletion reduces anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate risk perception among an online cohort of younger US adults compared with calculated risk estimates. DESIGN: We recruited a population-based cohort 25-44 years of age with no history of @entity3 ( @entity2 ) using Amazon's Mechanical Turk, an online marketplace used extensively for behavioral research. After collecting demographic and risk factor information, we asked @entity0 to estimate their 10-year and lifetime risk of knee @entity2 . We compared perceived risk with risk derived from the @entity2 risk calculator ( @entity2 Risk C), an online tool built on the basis of the validated @entity2 Policy Model. RESULTS: 375 @entity0 completed the study. 21% reported having 3+ risk factors for @entity2 , 25% reported two risk factors, and 32% reported one risk factor. Using the @entity2 Risk C, we calculated a mean lifetime @entity2 risk of 25% and 10-year risk of 4% for this sample. @entity0 overestimated their lifetime and 10-year @entity2 risk at 48% and 26%, respectively. We found that @entity1 , female sex, family history of @entity2 , history of @entity4 , and occupational exposure were all significantly associated with greater perceived lifetime risk of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors are prevalent in this relatively young cohort. @entity0 consistently overestimated their lifetime risk and showed even greater overestimation of their 10-year risk, suggesting a lack of knowledge about the timing of @entity2 onset. These data offer insights for awareness and risk interventions among younger @entity0 at risk for knee @entity2 .

title: Risk and risk perception of XXXX in the US: a population-based study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this multicenter phase II study was to demonstrate the activity of the @entity4 ( @entity4 )-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab combined with @entity8 in the treatment of Latin American @entity0 with @entity4 -expressing metastatic @entity1 (mCRC) in whom previous treatment with an @entity8 -containing regimen had failed. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 received cetuximab, as a 400 mg/m2 initial infusion followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly, plus the same @entity8 regimen that had previously failed, until the occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable @entity2 . The primary endpoint was response. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and safety. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity0 received treatment. One @entity0 had a complete response, 20 had partial responses, and disease was stabilized in 23 @entity0 , giving an overall response rate of 27% and a disease control rate of 56%. The median duration of response was 23.9 weeks. Median PFS was 17.4 weeks, median @entity5 was 9.2 months, and the 12-month @entity5 rate was 38%. The most common adverse events according to System Organ Class were skin and @entity9 (91% of the @entity0 ). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 45 @entity0 (57%), with the most common being @entity3 (20%), @entity6 (11%), and @entity7 (6%). Seven @entity0 (9%) had grade 3/4 acne-like @entity7 . No grade 3/4 infusion-related reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: Cetuximab in combination with @entity8 is active and tolerable in Latin American @entity0 with mCRC progressing on @entity8 , with a safety profile similar to that described in European studies.

title: Cetuximab Plus @entity8 in pretreated metastatic XXXX progressing on @entity8 : the LABEL study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this multicenter phase II study was to demonstrate the activity of the @entity4 ( @entity4 )-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab combined with @entity8 in the treatment of Latin American @entity0 with @entity4 -expressing metastatic @entity1 (mCRC) in whom previous treatment with an @entity8 -containing regimen had failed. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 received cetuximab, as a 400 mg/m2 initial infusion followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly, plus the same @entity8 regimen that had previously failed, until the occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable @entity2 . The primary endpoint was response. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and safety. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity0 received treatment. One @entity0 had a complete response, 20 had partial responses, and disease was stabilized in 23 @entity0 , giving an overall response rate of 27% and a disease control rate of 56%. The median duration of response was 23.9 weeks. Median PFS was 17.4 weeks, median @entity5 was 9.2 months, and the 12-month @entity5 rate was 38%. The most common adverse events according to System Organ Class were skin and @entity9 (91% of the @entity0 ). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 45 @entity0 (57%), with the most common being @entity3 (20%), @entity6 (11%), and @entity7 (6%). Seven @entity0 (9%) had grade 3/4 acne-like @entity7 . No grade 3/4 infusion-related reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: Cetuximab in combination with @entity8 is active and tolerable in Latin American @entity0 with mCRC progressing on @entity8 , with a safety profile similar to that described in European studies.

title: Cetuximab Plus XXXX in pretreated metastatic @entity1 progressing on @entity8 : the LABEL study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this multicenter phase II study was to demonstrate the activity of the @entity4 ( @entity4 )-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab combined with @entity8 in the treatment of Latin American @entity0 with @entity4 -expressing metastatic @entity1 (mCRC) in whom previous treatment with an @entity8 -containing regimen had failed. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 received cetuximab, as a 400 mg/m2 initial infusion followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly, plus the same @entity8 regimen that had previously failed, until the occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable @entity2 . The primary endpoint was response. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and safety. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity0 received treatment. One @entity0 had a complete response, 20 had partial responses, and disease was stabilized in 23 @entity0 , giving an overall response rate of 27% and a disease control rate of 56%. The median duration of response was 23.9 weeks. Median PFS was 17.4 weeks, median @entity5 was 9.2 months, and the 12-month @entity5 rate was 38%. The most common adverse events according to System Organ Class were skin and @entity9 (91% of the @entity0 ). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 45 @entity0 (57%), with the most common being @entity3 (20%), @entity6 (11%), and @entity7 (6%). Seven @entity0 (9%) had grade 3/4 acne-like @entity7 . No grade 3/4 infusion-related reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: Cetuximab in combination with @entity8 is active and tolerable in Latin American @entity0 with mCRC progressing on @entity8 , with a safety profile similar to that described in European studies.

title: Cetuximab Plus @entity8 in pretreated metastatic @entity1 progressing on XXXX : the LABEL study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 infection can cause @entity5 , cerebral @entity1 and @entity2 if untreated. We have previously shown that high concentrations of free @entity7 , and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 ( @entity4 ) in sera of @entity3 @entity0 induce apoptosis in microvascular endothelial and neuronal cells contributing to @entity6 , blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and mortality. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are microvascular endothelial cell precursors partly responsible for repair and regeneration of damaged BBB endothelium. Studies have shown that EPC's are depleted in severe @entity3 @entity0 , but the mechanisms mediating this phenomenon are unknown. Toll-like receptors recognize a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns generated by pathogens such as bacteria and parasites. We tested the hypothesis that EPC depletion during @entity3 pathogenesis is a function of @entity7 -induced apoptosis mediated by @entity4 induction and toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. @entity7 and @entity4 concentrations in plasma obtained from @entity3 @entity0 were elevated compared with non- @entity3 subjects. EPC numbers were significantly decreased in @entity3 @entity0 (P < 0.02) and @entity8 expression was significantly elevated in vivo. These findings were confirmed in EPC precursors in vitro; where it was determined that @entity7 -induced apoptosis and @entity4 expression was @entity8 -mediated. We conclude that increased serum @entity7 mediates depletion of EPC during @entity3 pathogenesis.

title: @entity7 -Mediated Induction of @entity4 and Depletion of CD34+ Progenitor Cells Is XXXX Dependent.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 infection can cause @entity5 , cerebral @entity1 and @entity2 if untreated. We have previously shown that high concentrations of free @entity7 , and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 ( @entity4 ) in sera of @entity3 @entity0 induce apoptosis in microvascular endothelial and neuronal cells contributing to @entity6 , blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and mortality. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are microvascular endothelial cell precursors partly responsible for repair and regeneration of damaged BBB endothelium. Studies have shown that EPC's are depleted in severe @entity3 @entity0 , but the mechanisms mediating this phenomenon are unknown. Toll-like receptors recognize a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns generated by pathogens such as bacteria and parasites. We tested the hypothesis that EPC depletion during @entity3 pathogenesis is a function of @entity7 -induced apoptosis mediated by @entity4 induction and toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. @entity7 and @entity4 concentrations in plasma obtained from @entity3 @entity0 were elevated compared with non- @entity3 subjects. EPC numbers were significantly decreased in @entity3 @entity0 (P < 0.02) and @entity8 expression was significantly elevated in vivo. These findings were confirmed in EPC precursors in vitro; where it was determined that @entity7 -induced apoptosis and @entity4 expression was @entity8 -mediated. We conclude that increased serum @entity7 mediates depletion of EPC during @entity3 pathogenesis.

title: @entity7 -Mediated Induction of XXXX and Depletion of CD34+ Progenitor Cells Is @entity8 Dependent.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 infection can cause @entity5 , cerebral @entity1 and @entity2 if untreated. We have previously shown that high concentrations of free @entity7 , and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 ( @entity4 ) in sera of @entity3 @entity0 induce apoptosis in microvascular endothelial and neuronal cells contributing to @entity6 , blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and mortality. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are microvascular endothelial cell precursors partly responsible for repair and regeneration of damaged BBB endothelium. Studies have shown that EPC's are depleted in severe @entity3 @entity0 , but the mechanisms mediating this phenomenon are unknown. Toll-like receptors recognize a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns generated by pathogens such as bacteria and parasites. We tested the hypothesis that EPC depletion during @entity3 pathogenesis is a function of @entity7 -induced apoptosis mediated by @entity4 induction and toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. @entity7 and @entity4 concentrations in plasma obtained from @entity3 @entity0 were elevated compared with non- @entity3 subjects. EPC numbers were significantly decreased in @entity3 @entity0 (P < 0.02) and @entity8 expression was significantly elevated in vivo. These findings were confirmed in EPC precursors in vitro; where it was determined that @entity7 -induced apoptosis and @entity4 expression was @entity8 -mediated. We conclude that increased serum @entity7 mediates depletion of EPC during @entity3 pathogenesis.

title: XXXX -Mediated Induction of @entity4 and Depletion of CD34+ Progenitor Cells Is @entity8 Dependent.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The aim of this study was the identification of surrogate markers of host immunity in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . Using 4-color flow cytometry the immunophenotype of blood immune cells of @entity3 @entity0 was compared to that of healthy volunteers and correlated with staging and grading of @entity0 . Furthermore, the time course of these immune markers was compared in @entity3 @entity0 undergoing either open surgery or laparoscopy. Compared to the healthy control group, blood of @entity3 @entity0 contained more granulocytes and higher percentages of @entity5 + @entity2 + T lymphocytes, but reduced numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) and of @entity4 + @entity2 + T cells. @entity1 progression was associated with a higher white blood cell count, a reduced frequency of blood DCs and increased numbers of @entity6 + T and NK cells. Monocytes of @entity0 with advanced @entity3 showed a reduced HLA-DR surface expression associated with higher aminopeptidase N( @entity7 )/ @entity7 expression. @entity1 surgery caused an increase of granulocytes and a decrease of all lymphocytic and DC subpopulations within 24 h, whereas the number of HLA-DR low monocytes was up-regulated. As demonstrated by time kinetic analysis, laparoscopic intervention caused a more moderate immunosuppression and an enhanced restoration of immune activity than open surgery. These results suggest that the composition and the phenotype of innate immune cells reflect well the differences in the cellular immunity of @entity3 @entity0 associated with @entity1 as well as surgery. The monocytic HLA-DR intensity represents a suitable marker for monitoring @entity1 stage and surgery-associated immunosuppression in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Monitoring peri-operative immune suppression in renal cancer XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Highly comminuted intra-articular @entity2 are complex and @entity1 to treat. Once emergent care is rendered, the definitive treatment objective is to restore the original anatomy while minimizing surgically induced @entity1 . Operations that use limited or percutaneous approaches help preserve tissue vitality, but reduced visibility makes reconstruction more difficult. A pre-operative plan of how comminuted fragments would best be re-positioned to restore anatomy helps in executing a successful reduction. METHODS: In this study, the methods for virtually reconstructing a @entity2 were developed and applied to clinical cases. Building upon previous benchtop work, novel image analysis techniques and puzzle solving algorithms were developed for clinical application. Specialty image analysis tools were used to segment the @entity2 fragment geometries from CT data. The original anatomy was then restored by matching fragment native (periosteal and subchondral) bone surfaces to an intact template, generated from the uninjured contralateral limb. FINDINGS: Virtual reconstructions obtained for ten @entity2 cases had average alignment errors of 0.39 (0.5 standard deviation) mm. In addition to precise reduction planning, 3D puzzle solutions can help identify @entity0 and @entity3 . INTERPRETATION: The results from this study indicate that 3D puzzle solving provides a powerful new tool for planning the surgical reconstruction of @entity4 .

title: ASB Clinical Biomechanics Award Paper 2010 Virtual pre-operative reconstruction planning for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a curved @entity5 stent-graft for repair of @entity4 . METHODS: The Matsui-Kitamura stent-graft (MKSG), composed of a self-expanding @entity5 stent and polyester fabric, was shaped to match the aortic curvature of 11 @entity0 (6 @entity0 ; mean age 72.6 years, range 33-90) with 6 true and 5 false @entity2 of the distal arch or proximal descending aorta. The delivery system was an 18 or 20-F J-shaped sheath combined with a preloader-type introducer. The original mean proximal neck length was 16.4 mm, but 4 @entity0 received an axilloaxillary bypass to lengthen the neck. Although the mean corrected proximal neck length was 21.9 mm (overall), 5 cases still had proximal necks <15 mm long. RESULTS: All curved MKSGs were successfully deployed in the correct position and fitted to the curvature of the aortic arch, achieving complete @entity2 in 8 (73%) cases. The other 3 repairs displayed @entity3 ; 1 received an additional MKSG, but the other 2 are being observed. Thirty-day mortality was 0%. One @entity0 developed transient @entity1 requiring hemodialysis; no neurological complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of @entity4 using curved MKSGs appears to be feasible and clinically effective. A tighter fit of the device to the curvature of the aortic arch may exclude @entity2 despite a short proximal neck.

title: Clinical application of a curved @entity5 stent-graft for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a curved @entity5 stent-graft for repair of @entity4 . METHODS: The Matsui-Kitamura stent-graft (MKSG), composed of a self-expanding @entity5 stent and polyester fabric, was shaped to match the aortic curvature of 11 @entity0 (6 @entity0 ; mean age 72.6 years, range 33-90) with 6 true and 5 false @entity2 of the distal arch or proximal descending aorta. The delivery system was an 18 or 20-F J-shaped sheath combined with a preloader-type introducer. The original mean proximal neck length was 16.4 mm, but 4 @entity0 received an axilloaxillary bypass to lengthen the neck. Although the mean corrected proximal neck length was 21.9 mm (overall), 5 cases still had proximal necks <15 mm long. RESULTS: All curved MKSGs were successfully deployed in the correct position and fitted to the curvature of the aortic arch, achieving complete @entity2 in 8 (73%) cases. The other 3 repairs displayed @entity3 ; 1 received an additional MKSG, but the other 2 are being observed. Thirty-day mortality was 0%. One @entity0 developed transient @entity1 requiring hemodialysis; no neurological complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of @entity4 using curved MKSGs appears to be feasible and clinically effective. A tighter fit of the device to the curvature of the aortic arch may exclude @entity2 despite a short proximal neck.

title: Clinical application of a curved XXXX stent-graft for @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate our short and long-term results after transbrachial treatment of subclavian @entity3 and @entity1 with stent-grafts in elective and emergency settings. METHODS: Ten of 12 consecutive @entity0 (6 @entity0 ; mean age 63.8 years, range 38-80) were treated electively with commercially prepared endografts delivered via a transbrachial access to repair a subclavian @entity3 (n=3) or an injury from a misplaced central venous catheter (n=7). Two @entity0 required emergency treatment for a @entity6 in one and an unintentional arterial puncture during placement of a central venous access in the other. Stent-graft patency during follow-up was assessed by physical examination with @entity4 in all @entity0 ; computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed in available @entity0 . RESULTS: Successful deployment of stent-grafts with sealing of the lesion was achieved in all cases. There were 2 (17%) procedural complications. One @entity0 developed an access-site @entity5 that required surgical revision. The second @entity0 , who had a right @entity1 , suffered an @entity2 . The primary stent-graft patency during follow-up (mean 11.6 months) was 100%. CTA examinations in 7 @entity0 at a mean 18 months showed strut dislocation at the thoracic outlet without luminal narrowing in 1 @entity0 . A 50% intraluminal narrowing due to compression between the clavicle and the first rib occurred in another @entity0 . Six @entity0 with a mean follow-up of 23 months (range 0.3-4.5 years) are still alive with patent stent-grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent-graft treatment of subclavian @entity3 and @entity1 is a less invasive alternative to surgical repair. Long-term results must still be confirmed in further studies.

title: Elective and emergent endovascular treatment of subclavian @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate our short and long-term results after transbrachial treatment of subclavian @entity3 and @entity1 with stent-grafts in elective and emergency settings. METHODS: Ten of 12 consecutive @entity0 (6 @entity0 ; mean age 63.8 years, range 38-80) were treated electively with commercially prepared endografts delivered via a transbrachial access to repair a subclavian @entity3 (n=3) or an injury from a misplaced central venous catheter (n=7). Two @entity0 required emergency treatment for a @entity6 in one and an unintentional arterial puncture during placement of a central venous access in the other. Stent-graft patency during follow-up was assessed by physical examination with @entity4 in all @entity0 ; computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed in available @entity0 . RESULTS: Successful deployment of stent-grafts with sealing of the lesion was achieved in all cases. There were 2 (17%) procedural complications. One @entity0 developed an access-site @entity5 that required surgical revision. The second @entity0 , who had a right @entity1 , suffered an @entity2 . The primary stent-graft patency during follow-up (mean 11.6 months) was 100%. CTA examinations in 7 @entity0 at a mean 18 months showed strut dislocation at the thoracic outlet without luminal narrowing in 1 @entity0 . A 50% intraluminal narrowing due to compression between the clavicle and the first rib occurred in another @entity0 . Six @entity0 with a mean follow-up of 23 months (range 0.3-4.5 years) are still alive with patent stent-grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent-graft treatment of subclavian @entity3 and @entity1 is a less invasive alternative to surgical repair. Long-term results must still be confirmed in further studies.

title: Elective and emergent endovascular treatment of subclavian XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse horizontal extraocular muscle findings by ultrasound and exophthalmometry in a tertiary endocrinology centre series of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: The 90 thyroid @entity0 included underwent ultrasonic measurement of horizontal eye muscle thickness by a B-scan based technique carried out in addition to their general ophthalmic evaluation. As an indicator of mainly advanced @entity4 , longterm @entity3 or @entity1 was given to many of the @entity0 , and drug-resistant @entity2 indicated decompression surgery in four of the 90 @entity0 . Thirty-four @entity0 underwent repeated muscle recordings over 15-49 months; this allowed for cross-sectional analysis and the outlining of longitudinal trends. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: (A) Although marginally overlapping, all four muscle groups were significantly thicker in the study group than in normal control subjects. The mean of the sum of all four muscles was 16.8 mm (range 13.6-21.7 mm) in the control group versus 22.6 mm (range 15.5-36.4 mm) in the thyroid group. (B) Using the clinical NOSPECS grading, more advanced eye involvement was found to generally result in a higher exophthalmometric measurement of protrusion and eye muscle thickness. However, slender rectus muscles and/or normal exophthalmometric values might occur even in advanced orbitopathy. (C) Over a period of 2-4 years, only a few of 34 @entity0 with satisfactory serial ultrasonic measurements returned to their premorbid ophthalmic status. Typically, the extraocular muscles kept their abnormal size after having become clinically quiescent (fibrotic). (D) We found no safe indication regarding disease stage, active or late, from the ultrasonic appearance of the muscle tissue. (E) Discrepancies between various normative eye muscle studies are discussed with regard to computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

title: Ultrasonically measured horizontal eye muscle thickness in XXXX : cross-sectional and longitudinal aspects in a Danish series.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 (+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintaining T cell tolerance, but their role in humoral @entity3 remains unclear. To address this, we combined a model of autoantibody-dependent @entity1 (K/BxN) with @entity4 mutant scurfy @entity0 to generate Treg-deficient K/BxN @entity0 , referred to as K/BxNsf @entity0 . The disease symptoms of K/BxNsf @entity0 were exacerbated, and this coincided with increases in extrafollicular Th cells, follicular Th cells, and germinal centers. Surprisingly, the K/BxNsf @entity0 exhibited an abnormal accumulation of mature plasma cells in their spleens and a corresponding loss of bone marrow plasma cells. The plasma cells were unresponsive to the bone marrow homing chemokine @entity6 , despite normal expression of the chemokine receptor @entity5 . Importantly, they were long-lived and less susceptible to the cytotoxic action of @entity2 . They also expressed less FcyRIIb and were less apoptotic in response to autoantigen-autoantibody immune complexes. This suggests that Tregs control plasma cell susceptibility to cell death induced by engagement of FcyRIIb with immune complexes. Direct cytotoxic effects of Tregs also contribute to the death of plasma cells. Thus, our results reveal that Tregs suppress the emergence of long-lived splenic plasma cells by affecting plasma cell-autonomous mechanisms as well as T cell help, thereby avoiding the persistence of humoral @entity3 .

title: @entity4 + regulatory T cells control humoral XXXX by suppressing the development of long-lived plasma cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 (+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintaining T cell tolerance, but their role in humoral @entity3 remains unclear. To address this, we combined a model of autoantibody-dependent @entity1 (K/BxN) with @entity4 mutant scurfy @entity0 to generate Treg-deficient K/BxN @entity0 , referred to as K/BxNsf @entity0 . The disease symptoms of K/BxNsf @entity0 were exacerbated, and this coincided with increases in extrafollicular Th cells, follicular Th cells, and germinal centers. Surprisingly, the K/BxNsf @entity0 exhibited an abnormal accumulation of mature plasma cells in their spleens and a corresponding loss of bone marrow plasma cells. The plasma cells were unresponsive to the bone marrow homing chemokine @entity6 , despite normal expression of the chemokine receptor @entity5 . Importantly, they were long-lived and less susceptible to the cytotoxic action of @entity2 . They also expressed less FcyRIIb and were less apoptotic in response to autoantigen-autoantibody immune complexes. This suggests that Tregs control plasma cell susceptibility to cell death induced by engagement of FcyRIIb with immune complexes. Direct cytotoxic effects of Tregs also contribute to the death of plasma cells. Thus, our results reveal that Tregs suppress the emergence of long-lived splenic plasma cells by affecting plasma cell-autonomous mechanisms as well as T cell help, thereby avoiding the persistence of humoral @entity3 .

title: XXXX + regulatory T cells control humoral @entity3 by suppressing the development of long-lived plasma cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A 2004 consensus statement by the American Psychiatric Association and other groups noted that metabolic side effects of second-generation antipsychotics require monitoring. To reduce risk, prescribers may consider factors differentially associated with development of @entity5 , such as age, gender, and race-ethnicity. As part of a study of older @entity0 with @entity4 (50-102 years), this study evaluated factors associated with antipsychotic switches and switches that incurred a greater or lesser metabolic risk. METHODS: Administrative data were analyzed for a national cohort of 16,103 Veterans Health Administration @entity0 with @entity4 receiving second-generation antipsychotics. Multinomial logistic regression predicted the likelihood of switches from 2002 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2005. RESULTS: At baseline nearly half the @entity0 (45%) had a diagnosis of @entity3 , a third (34%) had @entity6 , and 15% had a diagnosis of @entity2 . In both periods @entity1 was associated with switches to lower-risk antipsychotics, and older @entity0 were likely to experience neutral or no switches. @entity0 were more likely to experience switches to higher-risk antipsychotics in 2004-2005. CONCLUSIONS: General medical conditions potentially associated with antipsychotic-related metabolic concerns were common; however, half of these @entity0 were prescribed medication that made them liable to developing metabolic problems. Modest evidence suggests that metabolic considerations became a higher priority during the study. Future research should investigate the differential impact of antipsychotics on @entity5 for @entity0 and elderly @entity0 . Findings underscore the need to monitor metabolic parameters of older patients taking antipsychotics.

title: Factors in second-generation antipsychotic switching patterns in a national sample of older veterans with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Treatment results on 695 @entity1 @entity0 followed with surveillance are described. @entity3 (SGCT) was present in 394 @entity0 and nonseminoma (NSGCT) in 301 @entity0 . Relapses were detected in 155 @entity0 (22%), in 69 @entity0 with SGCT (17%) and 86 with NSGCT (29%). In @entity0 with vascular invasion, relapse was detected in 54% of @entity0 with NSGCT and 38% of @entity0 with SGCT. Time to relapse was median 13 months (range 1 to 84 months) for SGCT and 5 months (range 1 to 171 months) for NSGCT. Forty-nine percent of relapses in SGCT @entity0 were seen within the first year, 87% of the relapses were diagnosed within the first two years, and 98% of the relapses were detected within 5 years. The figures for NSGCT were 80%, 89% and 95%, respectively. Forty-five @entity0 had @entity2 in situ in the contralateral testis, 62% had this together with a @entity3 in the other testis. Ten @entity0 died during the follow-up period. None of these deaths were caused by the germ cell @entity1 or the treatment. The overall survival for @entity0 with stage I disease is 98.6%, and the cause specific survival 100%.

title: Surveillance in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Follow up for @entity0 @entity1 aims at the timely detection of loco-regional recurrences and @entity0 (LRR). This study investigates the annual risk of LRR after breast conserving treatment (BCT) and the potential value of mammographic surveillance and/or routine clinical examination. METHODS: Data on 650 @entity1 who underwent BCT were obtained and LRR was divided into parenchymal and non-parenchymal. LRR-free and cumulative LRR-free rates were calculated. In @entity1 where recurrence was diagnosed at a routine clinic visit and had negative mammography ("clinical detection only" group) were also separately examined. RESULTS: Median follow up was 115 months, range 9-196. Seventy-three @entity1 had parenchymal and 16 nodal recurrence. The median probability of LRR was 1.4% and of parenchymal LRR was 1.32% per year, remaining constant for up to 168 months. The 16 @entity1 in the "clinical detection only" group relapsed mainly during the first 2 years (annual risk 0.77% and 0.80%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the risk of parenchymal LRR remains constant for at least 14 years and is significant enough to warrant routine long-term follow up mammography. Routine clinical examination contributes significantly to the detection of LRR only for the first 2 years.

title: An evidence based strategy for follow up after breast conserving treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Tumor @entity1 is associated with low rates of cell proliferation and poor drug delivery, limiting the efficacy of many conventional therapies such as chemotherapy. Because many macrophages accumulate in @entity0 , one way to target @entity0 cells in these regions could be to use genetically engineered macrophages that express therapeutic genes when exposed to @entity1 . Systemic delivery of such therapeutic macrophages may also be enhanced by preloading them with nanomagnets and applying a magnetic field to the @entity0 site. Here, we use a new mathematical model to compare the effects of conventional @entity2 therapy with those induced when macrophages are used to deliver @entity1 -inducible @entity3 to locally activate @entity2 . Our mathematical model describes the spatiotemporal dynamics of @entity0 growth and treats cells as distinct entities. Model simulations predict that combining conventional and macrophage-based therapies would be synergistic, producing greater antitumor effects than the additive effects of each form of therapy. We find that timing is crucial in this combined approach with efficacy being greatest when the macrophage-based, @entity1 -targeted therapy is administered shortly before or concurrently with chemotherapy. Last, we show that therapy with genetically engineered macrophages is markedly enhanced by using the magnetic approach described above, and that this enhancement depends mainly on the strength of the applied field, rather than its direction. This insight may be important in the treatment of nonsuperficial @entity0 , where generating a specific orientation of a magnetic field may prove difficult. In conclusion, we demonstrate that mathematical modeling can be used to design and maximize the efficacy of combined therapeutic approaches in @entity0 .

title: Mathematical modeling predicts synergistic antitumor effects of combining a macrophage-based, XXXX -targeted gene therapy with chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity8 , or also for superimposed @entity6 . @entity2 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity7 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity2 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity2 exposure was then related to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity2 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity0 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity2 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity3 . @entity0 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity2 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity0 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity0 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity2 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity8 in @entity4 , and confirm its role in causing @entity1 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity2 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity4 .

title: Quantifying exposure to XXXX and @entity7 in @entity4 ; predictive of @entity6 on top of @entity8 ?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity8 , or also for superimposed @entity6 . @entity2 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity7 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity2 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity2 exposure was then related to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity2 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity0 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity2 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity3 . @entity0 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity2 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity0 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity0 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity2 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity8 in @entity4 , and confirm its role in causing @entity1 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity2 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity4 .

title: Quantifying exposure to @entity5 and @entity7 in @entity4 ; predictive of @entity6 on top of XXXX ?

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity8 , or also for superimposed @entity6 . @entity2 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity7 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity2 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity2 exposure was then related to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity2 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity0 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity2 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity3 . @entity0 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity2 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity0 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity0 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity2 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity8 in @entity4 , and confirm its role in causing @entity1 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity2 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity4 .

title: Quantifying exposure to @entity5 and @entity7 in @entity4 ; predictive of XXXX on top of @entity8 ?

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity8 , or also for superimposed @entity6 . @entity2 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity7 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity2 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity2 exposure was then related to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity2 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity0 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity2 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity3 . @entity0 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity2 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity0 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity0 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity2 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity8 in @entity4 , and confirm its role in causing @entity1 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity2 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity4 .

title: Quantifying exposure to @entity5 and XXXX in @entity4 ; predictive of @entity6 on top of @entity8 ?

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity8 , or also for superimposed @entity6 . @entity2 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity7 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity2 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity2 exposure was then related to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity2 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity0 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity2 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity3 . @entity0 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity2 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity0 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity0 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity2 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity8 in @entity4 , and confirm its role in causing @entity1 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity2 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity4 .

title: Quantifying exposure to @entity5 and @entity7 in XXXX ; predictive of @entity6 on top of @entity8 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vocal @entity1 are the products of voice overuse, misuse and abuse as the most common causative factors. Treatment generally advised for them are voice therapy and Microlaryngeal Phonosurgery (MLPS). The improved or changed quality of voice is generally assessed perceptually and can cause intra rater variability. In this study we compared and analysed the acoustic characteristics before and after MLPS. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to acoustically determine the changes in voice quality of a group of @entity0 before and after the surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following @entity0 group were studied prior to and in between 3 and 4 weeks of surgery. Altogether there were 23 @entity0 with either unilateral or bilateral vocal @entity1 . Voice recording and analysis were performed with Dr. Speech acoustic software ( @entity2 electronics, USA). The parameters analyzed were in terms of perturbation (Jitter and shimmer), harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR) and fundamental frequency (F0). RESULTS: The results showed that shimmer, HNR and F0 decreased significantly (p<0.05) following MLPS, but jitter though reduced, was not statistically significant (p = 0.694). CONCLUSION: The acoustic output generally improved after MLPS as evidenced by decreased values of all the four acoustic parameters. The study also stress that voice quality can be improved through the phonosurgical procedures. This multidimensional voice analysis can be very helpful in our ability to provide objective clinical analysis of voices with vocal @entity1 , and following their surgical treatment.

title: Objective voice analysis for vocal XXXX following microlaryngeal phonosurgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: QUESTION: The objective of the study was to prospectively evaluate an algorithmic approach to the cause(s) of chronic @entity1 . MATERIALS/ @entity0 /METHODS: Prospective observational study. The study group consisted of 123 @entity0 with a chief complaint of @entity1 of unknown cause present for >8 weeks. Dyspnea severity scores were documented at entry and after therapy. @entity0 underwent an algorithmic approach to @entity1 . Therapy could be instituted at any time that data supported a treatable diagnosis. Whenever possible, accuracy of diagnosis was confirmed with an improvement in @entity1 after therapy. Tests required, spectrum and frequency of diagnoses, and the values of individual tests were determined. RESULTS: Cause(s) was(were) diagnosed in 122/123 @entity0 (99%); 97 @entity0 had one diagnosis and 25 two diagnoses. Fifty-three percent of diagnoses were respiratory and 47% were non-respiratory. Following therapy, @entity1 improved in 63% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The prospective algorithmic approach led to diagnoses in 99% of cases. A third of @entity0 were diagnosed with each tier of the algorithm, thus minimizing the need for invasive testing. Specific diagnoses led to improvement in @entity1 in the majority of cases. Based on the results of this study, the algorithm can be revised to further minimize unnecessary tests without loss of diagnostic accuracy.

title: An algorithmic approach to chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Damage to intestinal mucosa in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is mediated both by @entity1 due to adaptive and innate immune responses, with @entity6 as a major mediator of the innate immune response, and by proliferation of crypt enterocytes as an early alteration of @entity4 mucosa causing crypts @entity3 . We have previously shown that gliadin peptide P31-43 induces proliferation of cell lines and celiac enterocytes by delaying degradation of the active @entity2 ( @entity2 ) due to delayed maturation of endocytic vesicles. @entity6 is increased in the intestine of @entity0 affected by @entity4 and has pleiotropic activity that ultimately results in immunoregulatory cross-talk between cells belonging to the innate and adaptive branches of the immune response. Aims of this study were to investigate the role of P31-43 in the induction of cellular proliferation and innate immune activation. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Cell proliferation was evaluated by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) incorporation both in CaCo-2 cells and in biopsies from active @entity4 cases and controls. We used real-time PCR to evaluate @entity6 mRNA levels and FACS as well as ELISA and Western Blot (WB) analysis to measure protein levels and distribution in CaCo-2 cells. Gliadin and P31-43 induce a proliferation of both CaCo-2 cells and @entity4 crypt enterocytes that is dependent on both @entity2 and @entity6 activity. In CaCo-2 cells, P31-43 increased @entity6 levels on the cell surface by altering intracellular trafficking. The increased @entity6 protein was bound to IL15 receptor ( @entity8 , did not require new protein synthesis and functioned as a growth factor. CONCLUSION: In this study, we have shown that P31-43 induces both increase of the trans-presented @entity6 / @entity7 complex on cell surfaces by altering the trafficking of the vesicular compartments as well as proliferation of crypt enterocytes with consequent remodelling of @entity4 mucosa due to a cooperation of @entity6 and @entity2 .

title: Gliadin-mediated proliferation and innate immune activation in XXXX are due to alterations in vesicular trafficking.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the number of @entity2 operations has increased, the number of @entity0 who have failed to maintain sufficient @entity2 has also increased, providing a management challenge to the bariatric surgeon. Conversion to a duodenal switch with omentopexy and feeding jejunostomy was performed for these @entity0 . METHODS: Between September 2006 and January 2010, 41 revisional operations were performed at 1 institution and by 1 operating surgeon. The data were prospectively collected and reviewed for several parameters, including excess @entity2 , mortality, and morbidity. These results are reported. RESULTS: A total of 41 @entity0 underwent conversion of their original bariatric operation to a duodenal switch with omentopexy and feeding jejunostomy. The initial operations had been gastric bypass in 32 @entity0 , vertical banded gastroplasty in 5, and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in 4. The average excess @entity2 was 54% in 31 @entity0 at 6 months, 66% in 22 @entity0 at 1 year, and 75% in 9 @entity0 at 2 years. No @entity0 died. The average hospital stay was 6.4 days. A total of 9 proven or suspected leaks (22%) developed. One was at the enverted staple line of a jejunojejunostomy that was diagnosed and treated the next day with little subsequent morbidity. The others were at the gastrogastrostomy or lateral gastric staple line and all occurred in conversions from gastric bypass. They were all @entity1 and presented 5-11 days after surgery and closed relatively uneventfully with J-tube feedings and antibiotic/antifungal treatment. Other major complications included 1 @entity4 (2%), 1 @entity5 at the site of the feeding jejunostomy (2%), 2 stenoses (4%)-1 at the duodenoenterostomy and 1 in the body of the vertical gastrectomy. This gives a total major complication rate of 30%. A total of 3 @entity0 required reoperation because of a @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity3 at the vertical gastrectomy. No @entity6 required surgical or radiologic intervention. One required revision for @entity7 , but otherwise the nutrition remained good. CONCLUSION: Revisional surgery to a duodenal switch is a complex operation and carries a high potential for major complications. Nonetheless, it can be accomplished safely with good long-term results. Omentopexy, drainage, and feeding jejunostomy should be considered at surgery to treat the high potential for delayed @entity1 leaks.

title: Duodenal switch with omentopexy and feeding jejunostomy--a safe and effective revisional operation for failed previous XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some two-thirds of @entity2 arise from @entity10 , and as such, screening by colonoscopy and polyp removal should significantly reduce @entity2 . This has not been the case, as evidenced by recent studies, which revealed that endoscopy failed to prevent up to 50% of all subsequent @entity4 . Flat or depressed @entity6 , frequently reported from Japan but rarely elsewhere, might explain the 'missed @entity4 .' Detection of flat @entity6 has not been previously reported from Malaysia. METHODS: In the present prospective study, 426 consecutive @entity0 underwent colonoscopic examination between March 1997 and January 2000, for a variety of bowel symptoms. The examinations were performed by an experienced endoscopist using a standard colonoscope and @entity11 dye spraying technique. Macroscopically, flat @entity6 were defined using the criteria proposed by Sawada. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity6 were identified in 12 @entity0 , of which 15 were polypoid and 14 were flat, with no @entity5 . Eight @entity3 and all the flat @entity6 contained mild or moderate areas of @entity9 . Seven severely @entity7 were identified. One @entity1 and two advanced @entity4 were also found. All the severely @entity1 were found in @entity7 greater than 10 mm in mean size. The flat @entity6 were all less than 5 mm in size. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of @entity8 in @entity12 @entity0 appear as small flat lesions, which could easily be missed during endoscopy. Increased recognition and treatment of flat @entity6 among colonoscopists is warranted.

title: Flat XXXX in Malaysia: fact or fancy?

answer: @entity8


abstract: We report on an 80-year-old @entity0 with primary @entity2 (SmCC). He was admitted to hospital with @entity7 . An upper gastrointestinal examination revealed an irregularly ulcerated @entity1 , 60 mm in diameter, on the lesser curvature of the @entity4 body extending to the @entity3 . An endoscopic biopsy revealed a solid proliferation of intermediate-sized @entity1 cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for @entity6 and @entity5 , but negative for carcinoembryonic antigen. No @entity1 was detected on examination of the chest. Therefore, primary gastric SmCC was diagnosed preoperatively. To date, only 38 cases of primary gastric SmCC, including our case, have been reported. By using endoscopic biopsy, approximately two-thirds of cases have been diagnosed incorrectly. In the reported cases of gastric SmCC, the endoscopic findings frequently indicated a @entity1 . Gastric SmCC is clinically aggressive and has an extremely poor prognosis, even when discovered at an early stage. Most @entity0 with gastric SmCC die within 1 year of diagnosis. Although a standard treatment for gastric SmCC has not been established, intensive chemotherapy should be considered to promote long-term survival. We believe that careful examination, including immunohistochemical investigation, is necessary for determining the therapeutic strategy whenever gastric SmCC is suspected during endoscopy.

title: Primary small cell carcinoma of the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 is high and information regarding modifiable predictors is scarce. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of @entity7 in our maintenance hemodialysis (HD) population, and the optimal Ca x P value that most accurately predicted the presence of @entity7 after controlling for comorbidities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of 52 stable @entity0 on maintenance HD for more than 12 months. Mean 12 months serum biochemical data ( @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 , lipids) and M-mode 2D echocardiogram were used to evaluate the presence or absence of mitral and aortic @entity7 and ventricular geometry. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 (38.4%) presented with @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity7 were more commonly @entity1 and showed higher levels of serum @entity6 , Ca x P product, total and LDL @entity2 , and poor ventricular geometry, as compared to @entity0 without @entity7 . Moreover, they required higher doses of both @entity9 and @entity8 . Logistic regression analysis showed that @entity7 was independently influenced by age, Ca x P, and @entity1 . ROC curves illustrated that a Ca x P>43 mg2/ @entity10 was the optimal value in terms of sensitivity and specificity for predicting the presence of @entity7 in our @entity0 population. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of applying more vigorous measures for Ca x P control.

title: Heart valve calcification and @entity4 x XXXX product in hemodialysis @entity0 : analysis of optimum values for its prevention.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 is high and information regarding modifiable predictors is scarce. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of @entity7 in our maintenance hemodialysis (HD) population, and the optimal Ca x P value that most accurately predicted the presence of @entity7 after controlling for comorbidities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of 52 stable @entity0 on maintenance HD for more than 12 months. Mean 12 months serum biochemical data ( @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 , lipids) and M-mode 2D echocardiogram were used to evaluate the presence or absence of mitral and aortic @entity7 and ventricular geometry. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 (38.4%) presented with @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity7 were more commonly @entity1 and showed higher levels of serum @entity6 , Ca x P product, total and LDL @entity2 , and poor ventricular geometry, as compared to @entity0 without @entity7 . Moreover, they required higher doses of both @entity9 and @entity8 . Logistic regression analysis showed that @entity7 was independently influenced by age, Ca x P, and @entity1 . ROC curves illustrated that a Ca x P>43 mg2/ @entity10 was the optimal value in terms of sensitivity and specificity for predicting the presence of @entity7 in our @entity0 population. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of applying more vigorous measures for Ca x P control.

title: Heart valve calcification and XXXX x @entity6 product in hemodialysis @entity0 : analysis of optimum values for its prevention.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 is high and information regarding modifiable predictors is scarce. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of @entity7 in our maintenance hemodialysis (HD) population, and the optimal Ca x P value that most accurately predicted the presence of @entity7 after controlling for comorbidities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of 52 stable @entity0 on maintenance HD for more than 12 months. Mean 12 months serum biochemical data ( @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 , lipids) and M-mode 2D echocardiogram were used to evaluate the presence or absence of mitral and aortic @entity7 and ventricular geometry. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 (38.4%) presented with @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity7 were more commonly @entity1 and showed higher levels of serum @entity6 , Ca x P product, total and LDL @entity2 , and poor ventricular geometry, as compared to @entity0 without @entity7 . Moreover, they required higher doses of both @entity9 and @entity8 . Logistic regression analysis showed that @entity7 was independently influenced by age, Ca x P, and @entity1 . ROC curves illustrated that a Ca x P>43 mg2/ @entity10 was the optimal value in terms of sensitivity and specificity for predicting the presence of @entity7 in our @entity0 population. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of applying more vigorous measures for Ca x P control.

title: Heart valve calcification and @entity4 x @entity6 product in hemodialysis XXXX : analysis of optimum values for its prevention.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that apoprotein (apo) CI in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plays an important role in causing @entity6 independent of apo CIII, which is associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Because the incidence of @entity4 is increased in @entity1 @entity0 and is even higher when @entity8 is developed, we measured apo CI levels in VLDL from type 2 @entity1 @entity0 , with various degree of @entity2 , and compared the results with those for healthy controls or @entity9 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: This study enrolled healthy control subjects, type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, overt @entity5 , and @entity3 on hemodialysis and @entity9 hemodialysis @entity0 . VLDL (density <1.006) was separated by ultracentrifugation. Then the apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were respectively 3-, 2-, and 2-fold higher, respectively, in @entity1 @entity0 with overt @entity5 than in controls. Hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity8 had levels of apo CI, CIII, and B in VLDL that were 2.6-, 2.7- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those in controls. @entity9 @entity0 also had a 2.7-fold higher level of VLDL apo CIII, whereas VLDL apo CI and VLDL apo B were not significantly increased. VLDL apo CI was significantly correlated with VLDL apo B independently of VLDL apo CIII level. CONCLUSION: An increase of VLDL apo CIII is a prominent feature of @entity7 in @entity3 @entity0 , regardless of whether they are @entity1 or @entity9 , whereas an increase of VLDL apo CI is more specific to @entity8 and is closely associated with an increase of VLDL particle numbers, a new risk factor for @entity4 .

title: Very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein CI is increased in XXXX : comparison with apoprotein CIII.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity6 and acute @entity5 represent common and very rare etiologies of @entity3 in @entity0 , respectively. Typically, @entity1 is most common, limited to either the central or peripheral nervous system. Concurrent acute @entity5 and @entity6 are seldom reported. We retrospectively reviewed cases of @entity6 in Chang Gung @entity0 's Hospital from 2000-2008. The risk factors of @entity6 with or without acute @entity5 were analyzed. Thirty-six @entity0 with @entity6 were enrolled. Five @entity0 manifested coexisting acute @entity5 . In the disease's earliest stage, differentiating concurrent acute @entity5 and @entity6 from @entity6 only was difficult. Four of 5 @entity0 were aged more than 8 years. All @entity0 developed a sharply defined sensory level, and manifested severe @entity4 . @entity7 was evident in three @entity0 . All @entity0 with sufficient follow-up continued to demonstrate residual paresis, and two demonstrated significant long-term motor deficits. Detection of a sharply defined sensory level, severe @entity4 , and @entity7 can be helpful in recognizing concurrent acute @entity5 . Therefore, recognition of this combination of peripheral and central nervous @entity2 early is important for determining prognoses and perhaps initial treatment.

title: Risk factors and outcomes of XXXX with acute @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 and acute @entity5 represent common and very rare etiologies of @entity3 in @entity0 , respectively. Typically, @entity1 is most common, limited to either the central or peripheral nervous system. Concurrent acute @entity5 and @entity6 are seldom reported. We retrospectively reviewed cases of @entity6 in Chang Gung @entity0 's Hospital from 2000-2008. The risk factors of @entity6 with or without acute @entity5 were analyzed. Thirty-six @entity0 with @entity6 were enrolled. Five @entity0 manifested coexisting acute @entity5 . In the disease's earliest stage, differentiating concurrent acute @entity5 and @entity6 from @entity6 only was difficult. Four of 5 @entity0 were aged more than 8 years. All @entity0 developed a sharply defined sensory level, and manifested severe @entity4 . @entity7 was evident in three @entity0 . All @entity0 with sufficient follow-up continued to demonstrate residual paresis, and two demonstrated significant long-term motor deficits. Detection of a sharply defined sensory level, severe @entity4 , and @entity7 can be helpful in recognizing concurrent acute @entity5 . Therefore, recognition of this combination of peripheral and central nervous @entity2 early is important for determining prognoses and perhaps initial treatment.

title: Risk factors and outcomes of @entity6 with acute XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: There is growing concern in the medical community about potential genetic determinism in the @entity0 population. Limited information about the public understanding of genetic factors in disease formation is available. To access public perceptions of potentially deterministic phrasing of genetic risk factors, we sought to establish interpretations of the phrase, "a gene for @entity2 ." Focus groups in urban, suburban, and rural communities were conducted from July through October, 2001 in Georgia. A total of 108 @entity0 were recruited. @entity0 were recruited to balance sex and racial representation. We used three outcome measures for @entity0 understandings of the phrase: (1) @entity0 ' statements of the meaning of the phrase; (2) the level of determinism assigned to genetic factors by @entity0 ; and (3) @entity0 reports of the health consequences of having "a gene for @entity2 ." @entity0 did not report a single interpretation of the phrase. There were dominant @entity0 interpretations under each outcome measure: (1) "a gene for @entity2 " was interpreted as meaning genetic and environmental factors both played roles in disease formation; (2) genetic predisposition was perceived as heightened, not absolute, risk; (3) the perceived health impact was a greater risk of becoming sick. Minority interpretations were found under each measure. Overall, naming "a gene for @entity2 " does not appear to have a deterministic impact on a plurality of @entity0 ' perceptions of risks associated with genetic factors. @entity1 in @entity0 populations may be confined to a sizable minority. Important considerations for provider intervention and @entity0 education are indicated.

title: What does "a gene for XXXX " mean? A focus group study of public understandings of genetic risk factors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) therapies approved so far are unable to effectively reverse the chronic phase of the disease or improve the remyelination process. Here our aim is to evaluate the effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc), a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, in a chronic model of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity1 . C-Pc (2, 4 or 8  mg/kg  i.p.) or @entity7 (2000  IU, s.c.) was administered daily once a day or every other day, respectively, starting at disease onset, which differ among @entity5 @entity1 between 11 and 15  days postinduction. Histological and immunohistochemistry (anti- @entity6 , anti-CD3 and anti-APP) assessments were performed in spinal cord in the postinduction time. Global gene expression in the brain was analyzed with the Illumina @entity1 WG-6_V2 BeadChip microarray and the expression of particular genes, assessed by qPCR using the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix. Oxidative stress parameters ( @entity3 , peroxidation potential, CAT/SOD ratio and @entity4 ) were determined spectrophoto-metrically. Results showed that C-Pc ameliorates the clinical deterioration of animals, an effect that expresses the reduction of the inflammatory infiltrates invading the spinal cord tissue, the axonal preservation and the down-regulation of @entity2 expression in brain tissue and serum. C-Pc and @entity7 improved the redox status in @entity1 subjected to @entity5 , while microarray analysis showed that both treatments shared a common subset of differentially expressed genes, although they also differentially modulated another subset of genes. Specifically, C-Pc mainly modulated the expression of genes related to remyelination, gliogenesis and axon-glia processes. Taken together, our results indicate that C-Pc has significant therapeutic effects against @entity5 , mediated by the dynamic regulation of multiple biological processes.

title: Comparative Neuroregenerative Effects of C-Phycocyanin and @entity7 in a Model of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) therapies approved so far are unable to effectively reverse the chronic phase of the disease or improve the remyelination process. Here our aim is to evaluate the effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc), a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, in a chronic model of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity1 . C-Pc (2, 4 or 8  mg/kg  i.p.) or @entity7 (2000  IU, s.c.) was administered daily once a day or every other day, respectively, starting at disease onset, which differ among @entity5 @entity1 between 11 and 15  days postinduction. Histological and immunohistochemistry (anti- @entity6 , anti-CD3 and anti-APP) assessments were performed in spinal cord in the postinduction time. Global gene expression in the brain was analyzed with the Illumina @entity1 WG-6_V2 BeadChip microarray and the expression of particular genes, assessed by qPCR using the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix. Oxidative stress parameters ( @entity3 , peroxidation potential, CAT/SOD ratio and @entity4 ) were determined spectrophoto-metrically. Results showed that C-Pc ameliorates the clinical deterioration of animals, an effect that expresses the reduction of the inflammatory infiltrates invading the spinal cord tissue, the axonal preservation and the down-regulation of @entity2 expression in brain tissue and serum. C-Pc and @entity7 improved the redox status in @entity1 subjected to @entity5 , while microarray analysis showed that both treatments shared a common subset of differentially expressed genes, although they also differentially modulated another subset of genes. Specifically, C-Pc mainly modulated the expression of genes related to remyelination, gliogenesis and axon-glia processes. Taken together, our results indicate that C-Pc has significant therapeutic effects against @entity5 , mediated by the dynamic regulation of multiple biological processes.

title: Comparative Neuroregenerative Effects of C-Phycocyanin and XXXX in a Model of @entity0 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) therapies approved so far are unable to effectively reverse the chronic phase of the disease or improve the remyelination process. Here our aim is to evaluate the effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc), a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, in a chronic model of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity1 . C-Pc (2, 4 or 8  mg/kg  i.p.) or @entity7 (2000  IU, s.c.) was administered daily once a day or every other day, respectively, starting at disease onset, which differ among @entity5 @entity1 between 11 and 15  days postinduction. Histological and immunohistochemistry (anti- @entity6 , anti-CD3 and anti-APP) assessments were performed in spinal cord in the postinduction time. Global gene expression in the brain was analyzed with the Illumina @entity1 WG-6_V2 BeadChip microarray and the expression of particular genes, assessed by qPCR using the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix. Oxidative stress parameters ( @entity3 , peroxidation potential, CAT/SOD ratio and @entity4 ) were determined spectrophoto-metrically. Results showed that C-Pc ameliorates the clinical deterioration of animals, an effect that expresses the reduction of the inflammatory infiltrates invading the spinal cord tissue, the axonal preservation and the down-regulation of @entity2 expression in brain tissue and serum. C-Pc and @entity7 improved the redox status in @entity1 subjected to @entity5 , while microarray analysis showed that both treatments shared a common subset of differentially expressed genes, although they also differentially modulated another subset of genes. Specifically, C-Pc mainly modulated the expression of genes related to remyelination, gliogenesis and axon-glia processes. Taken together, our results indicate that C-Pc has significant therapeutic effects against @entity5 , mediated by the dynamic regulation of multiple biological processes.

title: Comparative Neuroregenerative Effects of C-Phycocyanin and @entity7 in a Model of @entity0 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the 12-year survival of the first TNF inhibitor (TNFi) treatment in a cohort of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , comparing the between-groups discontinuation rates for infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab. METHODS: @entity1 @entity0 treated with their first TNFi were investigated from a local registry. Before and after adjusting for propensity scores, overall and by individual TNFi 12-year drug retention was evaluated. Drug survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Cox extended model. Sub-analyses were performed according to concomitant @entity2 and discontinuation reasons. RESULTS: 222/583 @entity0 were treated with infliximab, 179 with etanercept, 182 with adalimumab; 33.7% and 26% discontinued the first TNFi because of inefficacy or adverse events, respectively. The overall 12-year drug survival rates for unmatched population were 23.4%. In the propensity score adjusted population, the HR for treatment discontinuation was significantly greater for adalimumab and infliximab versus etanercept (2.89 [95% CI 2.2-3.78] and 2.56 [95% CI 1.92-3.4]), respectively), no difference was found between and for adalimumab versus infliximab (1.16 [95% CI 0.91-1.47]). The incidence of withdrawal due to secondary inefficacy was stable from 3 to 12 years for etanercept, but progressively increased for monoclonal antibodies. Concomitant @entity2 significantly increased the survival of both adalimumab and etanercept (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.18-1.86). CONCLUSIONS: The overall 12-year drug survival rate was 23.4%, being significantly higher for etanercept than adalimumab and infliximab. Etanercept discontinuations for inefficacy did not increase from 3 to 12 years. Concomitant @entity2 increased adalimumab and etanercept drug survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The 12-year retention rate of first-line tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in XXXX : Real-life data from a local registry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To observe if @entity4 can augment the effects of @entity3 for transplanted @entity0 in @entity1 's liver. METHODOLOGY: Walker 256 @entity6 was transplanted into @entity1 's liver to create the @entity2 model. Hepatic arterial ligation was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply. @entity1 bearing @entity0 were divided into three groups: control group, HAL (hepatic arterial ligation) group, and HAL plus @entity4 group. Change of @entity0 volume and @entity0 growth inhibiting rate after therapy were evaluated. @entity5 labeling assay was used to analyze the blood perfusion of @entity0 (the labeled cells' number presenting blood perfusion). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: Six days after hepatic arterial ligation, the mean @entity0 volume in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity4 group was 0.103 +/- 0.043 cm3, 0.030 +/- 0.018 cm3, and 0.016 +/- 0.005 cm3, respectively. The @entity0 volume in the two behind groups was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the @entity0 growth-inhibiting rate was 70.8%, and 84.5%, respectively. Compared with the HAL group, the @entity0 volume in HAL plus @entity4 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). @entity5 labeled cells' number in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity4 group was 369.7 +/- 30.2, 344.1 +/- 26.0, and 323.2 +/- 40.4, respectively. The number in HAL combined with @entity4 group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), which suggested that the blood perfusion of @entity0 in HAL plus @entity4 group decreased significantly. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotenase-1 mRNA decreased slightly, but not significantly in HAL plus @entity4 group compared with that in HAL group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity4 can promote the effects of hepatic @entity3 in @entity1 's liver. Decreasing the blood perfusion of @entity0 after hepatic arterial blockage maybe one of its major mechanisms.

title: XXXX augments the effects of @entity3 in treating a @entity1 @entity2 model.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To observe if @entity4 can augment the effects of @entity3 for transplanted @entity0 in @entity1 's liver. METHODOLOGY: Walker 256 @entity6 was transplanted into @entity1 's liver to create the @entity2 model. Hepatic arterial ligation was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply. @entity1 bearing @entity0 were divided into three groups: control group, HAL (hepatic arterial ligation) group, and HAL plus @entity4 group. Change of @entity0 volume and @entity0 growth inhibiting rate after therapy were evaluated. @entity5 labeling assay was used to analyze the blood perfusion of @entity0 (the labeled cells' number presenting blood perfusion). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: Six days after hepatic arterial ligation, the mean @entity0 volume in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity4 group was 0.103 +/- 0.043 cm3, 0.030 +/- 0.018 cm3, and 0.016 +/- 0.005 cm3, respectively. The @entity0 volume in the two behind groups was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the @entity0 growth-inhibiting rate was 70.8%, and 84.5%, respectively. Compared with the HAL group, the @entity0 volume in HAL plus @entity4 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). @entity5 labeled cells' number in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity4 group was 369.7 +/- 30.2, 344.1 +/- 26.0, and 323.2 +/- 40.4, respectively. The number in HAL combined with @entity4 group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), which suggested that the blood perfusion of @entity0 in HAL plus @entity4 group decreased significantly. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotenase-1 mRNA decreased slightly, but not significantly in HAL plus @entity4 group compared with that in HAL group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity4 can promote the effects of hepatic @entity3 in @entity1 's liver. Decreasing the blood perfusion of @entity0 after hepatic arterial blockage maybe one of its major mechanisms.

title: @entity4 augments the effects of @entity3 in treating a @entity1 XXXX model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To observe if @entity4 can augment the effects of @entity3 for transplanted @entity0 in @entity1 's liver. METHODOLOGY: Walker 256 @entity6 was transplanted into @entity1 's liver to create the @entity2 model. Hepatic arterial ligation was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply. @entity1 bearing @entity0 were divided into three groups: control group, HAL (hepatic arterial ligation) group, and HAL plus @entity4 group. Change of @entity0 volume and @entity0 growth inhibiting rate after therapy were evaluated. @entity5 labeling assay was used to analyze the blood perfusion of @entity0 (the labeled cells' number presenting blood perfusion). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: Six days after hepatic arterial ligation, the mean @entity0 volume in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity4 group was 0.103 +/- 0.043 cm3, 0.030 +/- 0.018 cm3, and 0.016 +/- 0.005 cm3, respectively. The @entity0 volume in the two behind groups was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the @entity0 growth-inhibiting rate was 70.8%, and 84.5%, respectively. Compared with the HAL group, the @entity0 volume in HAL plus @entity4 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). @entity5 labeled cells' number in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity4 group was 369.7 +/- 30.2, 344.1 +/- 26.0, and 323.2 +/- 40.4, respectively. The number in HAL combined with @entity4 group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), which suggested that the blood perfusion of @entity0 in HAL plus @entity4 group decreased significantly. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotenase-1 mRNA decreased slightly, but not significantly in HAL plus @entity4 group compared with that in HAL group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity4 can promote the effects of hepatic @entity3 in @entity1 's liver. Decreasing the blood perfusion of @entity0 after hepatic arterial blockage maybe one of its major mechanisms.

title: @entity4 augments the effects of XXXX in treating a @entity1 @entity2 model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To observe if @entity4 can augment the effects of @entity3 for transplanted @entity0 in @entity1 's liver. METHODOLOGY: Walker 256 @entity6 was transplanted into @entity1 's liver to create the @entity2 model. Hepatic arterial ligation was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply. @entity1 bearing @entity0 were divided into three groups: control group, HAL (hepatic arterial ligation) group, and HAL plus @entity4 group. Change of @entity0 volume and @entity0 growth inhibiting rate after therapy were evaluated. @entity5 labeling assay was used to analyze the blood perfusion of @entity0 (the labeled cells' number presenting blood perfusion). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: Six days after hepatic arterial ligation, the mean @entity0 volume in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity4 group was 0.103 +/- 0.043 cm3, 0.030 +/- 0.018 cm3, and 0.016 +/- 0.005 cm3, respectively. The @entity0 volume in the two behind groups was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the @entity0 growth-inhibiting rate was 70.8%, and 84.5%, respectively. Compared with the HAL group, the @entity0 volume in HAL plus @entity4 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). @entity5 labeled cells' number in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity4 group was 369.7 +/- 30.2, 344.1 +/- 26.0, and 323.2 +/- 40.4, respectively. The number in HAL combined with @entity4 group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), which suggested that the blood perfusion of @entity0 in HAL plus @entity4 group decreased significantly. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotenase-1 mRNA decreased slightly, but not significantly in HAL plus @entity4 group compared with that in HAL group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity4 can promote the effects of hepatic @entity3 in @entity1 's liver. Decreasing the blood perfusion of @entity0 after hepatic arterial blockage maybe one of its major mechanisms.

title: @entity4 augments the effects of @entity3 in treating a XXXX @entity2 model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 is commonly found in Asian countries and prognosis still remains unsatisfactory due to recurrence after surgical @entity1 resection. METHODOLOGY: We try to demonstrate the recurrence and survival time in 99 surgical @entity0 grading by @entity1 cellular differentiation from surgical specimen. RESULTS: The rates of well, moderate, and poor differentiation were encountered in 21 cases (21.2%), 61 cases (61.6%) and 17 cases (17.7%), respectively. Small @entity1 (< 3 cm) was found in only one (5.9%) in the poor differentiation group and 38.1% and 37.7% in the well and moderate differentiation groups. Capsular invasion was found in 13 (61.9%), 39 (63.9%) and 7 (41.1%) in the well, moderate and poor differentiation group, respectively. We found 41.9% (18/43) and 22.4% (13/58) to be @entity1 free in capsule invasion (-) and (+) after a period of 18.1 and 29.9 months, respectively. However, the recurrent time was 10.6 and 11.3 months, respectively with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Vascular invasion was more frequent in the poor differentiation group (76.5%) than the well (23.8%) and moderate (60.7%) differentiation groups (P < 0.05). We found 23.5% (4/17) and 35% (21/60) to be @entity1 free but the recurrence time was 6.5 and 14.1 months for the vascular invasion (-) and (+), respectively. The residual median survival times were 6.5 and 14 months after recurrence, respectively. The @entity1 recurrence rates were 52.7% (11/21), 52.4% (32/61), and 35.5% (6/17) and recurrence times were 11.7, 11.9, and 4.5 months for the well, moderate and poor differentiation group respectively totally. The recurrence time of young age group (< 39 years old) was shorter than the others and there was no @entity0 of well differentiation less than 40 years old. The recurrence time was shorter in the poor differentiation group but there was no significant difference according to age group. The median survival times were 22.2, 22.9, and 9.5 months for each group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Differentiation of @entity2 cell had a clinical significance and was found to be positively correlated with the invasive proclivity. The median survival time was longer in both the well and moderate differentiation group, but not in the poor differentiation group. The clinical data revealed that the extended operations performed upon the @entity0 with poor differentiation effected the recurrence time but not the survival time.

title: Clinical significance of cell differentiation in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the effects and @entity2 of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and local radiotherapy for @entity0 with unresectable @entity3 . METHODOLOGY: From June 1994 to June 1999, 28 @entity0 with unresectable @entity3 (the largest dimension of @entity1 ranged from 3 to 10 cm) were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by local irradiation. Response was assessed by computed tomography scan and ultrasound, together with serum @entity4 level in cases with increased baseline values. Complications associated with treatment were monitored. Cumulative survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier method from the first day of treatment. RESULTS: An objective response (reduction of @entity1 area greater than 50%) was achieved in 57.0% of the cases. In 63.0% of the cases with increased @entity4 values, @entity4 level underwent a marked reduction (more than 50%). The cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81.9%, 42.4%, and 21.2%, respectively (median survival, 31 months, 95% CI: 27.8-34.2 months). The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with local radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for unresectable @entity3 . Further study is required to compare the therapeutic efficacy of this regimen to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or radiotherapy alone.

title: The long-term efficacy of combined chemoembolization and local irradiation in the treatment of @entity0 with large XXXX .

answer: @entity3