abstract: The clinical, histologic, and histomorphometric features of 42 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of long bones and 49 central @entity1 (CGCG) of the jaws were compared. These findings were also correlated with the clinical behavior of 25 cases of CGCG for which follow-up information was available. There was a female predilection for both lesions. The mean ages of @entity0 with CGCG and @entity2 were 21 and 25 years, respectively. In contrast to CGCG, @entity2 rarely occurred in @entity0 below the age of 10 years. The only statistically significant quantitative difference between the lesions at the histologic level was the greater number of nuclei in the giant cells of the @entity2 . There were four significant histologic differences between the two lesions, but 26% of the GCTs were histologically similar to most of the CGCGs and 10% of the CGCGs were histologically similar to most of the GCTs. Five of the 25 @entity0 with CGCG for whom follow-up information was available had recurrences. The average age of those five @entity0 was 11 years, compared to 29 years for those @entity0 without recurrence. All five @entity0 with recurrence were under 17 years of age, and they constituted 45% of the @entity0 in this age group with follow-up. There were no quantitative or histologic differences between the recurrent and nonrecurrent CGCGs that were useful in predicting the likelihood of recurrence. Our findings suggest that the @entity2 and the CGCG represent a spectrum of a single disease process modified by the age of the @entity0 and the site of occurrence.

title: A clinical and histomorphologic comparison of the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: A systematic review was conducted to develop guidelines for radiotherapy in adult @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 . METHODS: MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, the Cochrane Library, and relevant conference proceedings were searched to identify randomized trials and meta-analyses. RESULTS: Pooling of six randomized trials detected a significant survival benefit favouring post-operative radiotherapy compared with no radiotherapy (risk ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.88, P<0.00001). Two randomized trials demonstrated no significant difference in survival rates for whole brain radiation versus more local fields that encompass the enhancing primary plus a 2 cm margin. A randomized trial detected a small improvement in survival with 60 Gy in 30 fractions over 45 Gy in 20 fractions. Radiation dose intensification and radiation sensitizer approaches have not demonstrated superior survival rates compared with conventionally fractionated doses of 50-60 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: Post-operative external beam radiotherapy is recommended as standard therapy for @entity0 with @entity2 . The high-dose volume should incorporate the enhancing @entity1 plus a limited margin (e.g. 2 cm) for the planning target volume, and the total dose delivered should be in the range of 50-60 Gy in fraction sizes of 1.8-2.0 Gy. Radiation dose intensification and radiation sensitizer approaches are not recommended as standard care. For @entity0 older than age 70, preliminary data suggest that the same survival benefit can be achieved with less morbidity using a shorter course of radiotherapy. Supportive care alone is a reasonable therapeutic option in @entity0 older than age 70 with a poor performance status.

title: Radiotherapy for newly diagnosed XXXX in adults: a systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( @entity2 )ergic nerves innervate both the neurohypophysis and the hypothalamus. To test the hypothesis that @entity2 is a releasing factor for neurohypophyseal hormones, @entity0 were given intracerebroventricular (icv) infusions of @entity2 in doses varying from 0.3 pmol/kg.min to 3 nmol/kg.min for 5 min (0.001-10 micrograms/ @entity0 ). Serial blood samples were drawn from the vena cava for measurement of @entity1 (OT), vasopressin (AVP), and @entity2 by RIA. After the @entity2 infusions mean plasma OT and AVP levels rose in a dose-dependent manner; the rise was significant for both hormones at the dose of 300 pmol/kg.min. Peak levels after infusion of 3 nmol/kg.min were greater for OT than AVP [96.1 +/- 14.7 vs. 33.9 +/- 9 microU/ml (mean +/- SE); n = 6]. In addition, the concentration of plasma OT increased more promptly than that of AVP. Plasma OT was significantly raised over control values at 5 min, whereas plasma AVP was not increased until 15 min after the @entity2 infusion began. The concentration of @entity2 in peripheral plasma rose somewhat after icv infusions (maximum, 300 pmol/liter 30 min after 10 micrograms/ @entity0 ), but the rise was only 5% of that observed after systemic infusions of equimolar doses of @entity2 (maximum, 6000 pmol/liter 5 min after 10 micrograms/ @entity0 ). Peak plasma OT levels after administration of 3 nmol/kg.min @entity2 were significantly higher after icv than after systemic infusion of the same dose of @entity2 reported previously. Intravenous injection of 0.5 ml @entity2 antiserum with a binding capacity of @entity2 of 2.3 micrograms/ml before the icv administration of @entity2 (1 microgram/ @entity0 ) did not prevent the @entity2 -induced rise in plasma OT and AVP. These observations suggest a central site of action for @entity2 in OT and AVP release, probably in the hypothalamus. The results are in harmony with the hypothesis that endogenous @entity2 is a physiological regulator of OT and AVP release in @entity0 .

title: Release of XXXX and vasopressin by intracerebroventricular vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Recordings were made from 545 neurons in somatosensory granular cortex of anesthetized @entity0 . Of this sample, 32% were active spontaneously. Active neurons were not distributed uniformly throughout cortex but were most common in layer V. The highest mean spontaneous discharge frequency also was found in this layer. Cells with the lowest rates of spontaneous activity were located immediately above and below. One subset of spontaneously active neurons was characterized by an unusually high discharge frequency modulated by somatic stimulation. 2. Only 25.8% of the 534 neurons tested in granular cortex could be activated by somatic stimuli. Only 9.4% had cutaneous receptive fields, and 2.4% received deep inputs. The remainder (14.0%) were driven by higher intensity stimuli and could not be classified unequivocally as either cutaneous or deep. The 50 neurons with cutaneous receptive fields were located in the middle third of the cortex, and those with the largest receptive fields were found most superficially. Neurons driven by somatic stimuli were found most frequently in layer Vb, where 44.5% of the sample confirmed histologically to be in layer Vb could be excited. 3. The large proportion of neurons lacking demonstrable somatic inputs was attributed to the use of iontophoretically administered @entity3 , which allowed the detection of many unresponsive neurons. This proportion was not reduced by the use of @entity4 and @entity2 as an anesthetic. 4. Neurons activated only by deep inputs were found on the medial and rostral edge of the hindlimb granular cortex, suggesting that deep and cutaneous inputs may be segregated in this species. 5. Electrical stimuli applied to the foot pads activated a sample of neurons differing from those driven by natural somatic stimuli in terms of depth, spontaneous activity, probability of somatic input, and probability of activation by the pyramidal tract. 6. Pyramidal tract neurons tended to be located in layer Vb, were active spontaneously, and had evidence of somatic inputs, although most required relatively intense stimuli to be excited. Other neurons activated synaptically from the pyramidal tract were located in the layers immediately above and below the pyramidal tract neurons. These cells were divided into two groups on the basis of action-potential latency, action-potential shape, and sensitivity to @entity1 .

title: An electrophysiological study of single somatosensory neurons in XXXX granular cortex serving the limbs: a laminar analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is considered by most researchers to be a surgical emergency. However, early repair does not necessarily improve respiratory function or reverse fetal circulation, and many @entity0 deteriorate postoperatively. As a result, in 1985, we began to employ a protocol in which surgery was delayed until the PCO2 was maintained below 40 and the @entity0 was hemodynamically stable; @entity0 in whom these criteria could not be achieved died without surgical repair. Sixty-one consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 were managed over 4 years; 31 from 1983 to 1984 (group 1) and 30 from 1985 to 1986 (group 2). The groups were similar with respect to sex, side of the @entity1 weight, gestational age, incidence of pneumothorax, and blood gases. High frequency oscillation was used with increasing frequency during the study period, for @entity0 with refractory hypercarbia (13% in group 1, 30% in group 2). All @entity0 were initially paralyzed and ventilated. Mean time from admission to surgery was 4.1 hours in group 1 and 24.4 hours in group 2 (P less than .05). In group 1, 87% of @entity0 had surgical repair (77% within eight hours of admission, 10% after eight hours), and in group 2 only 70% of @entity0 had surgery (10% within eight hours, 60% after eight hours). All @entity0 who were not operated on died. Overall mortality was 58% in group 1 and 50% in group 2; this difference was not statistically significant. These data indicate that our current approach has not increased overall mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Timing of surgery for XXXX : is emergency operation necessary?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, this study compared fine structural features of the pocket walls in both juvenile and @entity6 ( @entity4 and AP, respectively) in 40 cases. Gingiva was also obtained from a control group consisting of periodontally noninvolved teeth. Clinical parameters were assessed in both @entity4 and AP @entity0 as well as in controls. Clinical findings showed @entity3 , marked periodontal tissue destruction and less @entity1 in @entity4 . @entity2 and @entity5 were more marked in @entity4 than in AP. AP had a higher plaque index and more evident @entity1 . SEM observations of @entity4 as compared to AP showed gross distortions in pocket walls, an increased beaded appearance of microridges, and separation between pocket epithelial cells. TEM showed partially desquamated and separated superficial epithelial cells, but only in @entity4 were fine granular precipitates observed in the intercellular spaces. The observations demonstrated structural features indicative of more prominent degenerative changes in @entity4 than in AP. Also, these features were coincidental with a higher plaque index in AP than in @entity4 , where clinical features (including a low plaque index) were not proportional to the epithelial destructive changes present.

title: Comparison of scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the epithelial pocket wall in juvenile and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. The afferent innervation of the distal ileum has been examined in normal @entity1 and in @entity1 treated at birth with @entity6 . Electrophysiological recordings were made using an in vitro preparation of distal ileum and its associated mesenteric nerves. The fibre composition of the mesenteric nerves was examined by electron microscopy and the numbers of primary afferent fibres innervating a segment of distal ileum was estimated using retrograde tracing. 2. Recordings were made from 120 single afferent units all of which showed some degree of background activity. The conduction velocities of sixty-seven afferent units were estimated, and all were found to be in the C-fibre range (less than 2 m/s). Eighty-two units were sufficiently studied to allow their classification according to whether they responded to mechanical stimuli (M units), chemical stimuli (Ch units) or both mechanical and chemical stimuli ( @entity7 units). In control @entity1 85.5% were classified as @entity7 units, 11.9% as M units and 2.6% as Ch units. In @entity6 -treated @entity1 six single and three multi-units were @entity7 and one multi-unit was classified as an M recording. 3. The effects of intraluminal distension were investigated in sixty-seven units which were classified according to whether or not they adapted during the distension. About half the total units were classified as rapidly adapting, the other half were slowly adapting. This distribution was similar for the @entity7 -units, but of the eight M units tested, seven adapted during distension. The distension thresholds were tested in thirty units, of which twenty-eight responded at thresholds below 18 mmHg. There were no differences in the thresholds of units from control and @entity6 -treated @entity1 . 4. The chemosensitivity of units was tested in response to @entity3 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 and substance P. Most units tested responded to @entity4 (78% of @entity7 units tested) and @entity5 (80% of @entity7 units), but fewer units responded to substance P (about 50% of @entity7 units). @entity4 produced an increased tension which outlasted the increase in afferent activity. @entity5 gave long-lasting afferent responses which were not always accompanied by @entity2 . The increases in afferent activity produced by substance P were often seen after an increase in tension. 5. The fluorescent dye True Blue injected into the wall of the ileum labelled cell bodies in the spinal and nodose @entity0 , predominantly on the left side of an animal. The mean number of labelled cells per animal was eighty-seven, of which the majority was in the T10-T13 spinal @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: An electrophysiological and anatomical study of intestinal afferent fibres in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The increased sensitivity of many imaging devices has increased the identification of asymptomatic nodules in the thyroid gland. In this study we investigated the actual incidence of nonpalpable thyroid nodules and @entity2 in @entity0 . Between January and June 2003, among the @entity0 who were scheduled to undergo breast ultrasonography, 697 without palpable thyroid nodules were screened for thyroid nodules. They were classified into four categories according to ultrasonographic findings: negative, benign, indeterminate and malignant. Ultrasound-guided @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was carried out for all malignant lesions and for some of the benign and indeterminate ones. The nodule detection and @entity1 rates were determined and the effectiveness of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool was also investigated. Out of the 697 subjects, 246 (35.3%) were found to have thyroid nodules. The @entity1 detection rate based on the @entity4 results, including both suspicious and malignant groups, was 3.6% (25/697) for all subjects. In addition, 3.0% (21/697) of all the @entity0 were confirmed to have @entity3 by surgery. The sensitivity of sonographic classification was increased from 80% to 100% when the indeterminate class was added to the malignant one, although this decreased the specificity from 91.7% to 33.3%. In conclusion, high-resolution ultrasonography detected a high percentage of malignant nodules. Ultrasonography can augment its value by guiding @entity4 , in addition to providing diagnostic images.

title: Diagnosis of occult XXXX by ultrasonography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Corpus callosum section for carefully selected @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity4 has become more acceptable as operative complications have decreased. From consideration of anatomical pathways utilized in the spread of @entity5 discharges, section of the corpus callosum is expected to decrease, but not abolish, bilaterally synchronous EEG abnormalities arising from most cerebral locations, perhaps excluding the temporal lobe. Clinical experience confirms this expectation. Persistence of some bilateral synchrony, presumably through subcortical relays, does not usually diminish the effectiveness of corpus callosum section on clinically generalized @entity5 that are eliminated or markedly decreased in 85% of @entity0 after total corpus callosum section. Generalized @entity5 types that respond include tonic, atonic, @entity5 . @entity0 who continue to have generalized @entity5 usually have low IQ and perhaps extensive bilateral cerebral involvement increases the extent to which subcortical structures participate in generalization. Complex partial @entity5 may cease, usually in @entity0 with well-circumscribed, often extratemporal @entity5 foci. Focal @entity5 intensify in 25% of @entity0 ; a predictable consequence of sectioning interhemispheric inhibitory connections. Permanent disconnection syndromes, which are only rarely symptomatic, include sensory disconnection after posterior section, and @entity2 after total section. A small percentage of @entity0 develop impairments in language, motor, or memory functions. @entity1 are predicted by pre-existing unilateral mild or moderate @entity3 . Partial section of the corpus callosum produces control of generalized @entity5 half as frequently as complete section. Neurologic sequelae of partial section occur nearly as frequently but are less severe.

title: Corpus callosum section and other disconnection procedures for medically intractable XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: There has been an evolution in our understanding of the causes of undernutrition and of the nutrition intervention programs that should be prioritized. This article discusses why nutrition programs have shifted their primary emphasis from control of @entity2 , to @entity5 , and now to @entity1 . It has become recognized by the nutrition community that micronutrient @entity3 is very widespread, and is probably the main nutritional problem in the world. The most commonly used strategies for @entity1 control are supplementation and fortification, because they are cost-effective and to some extent, relatively easy to deliver. They have important limitations, however. Relatively little emphasis has been placed on food-based approaches to control micronutrient @entity3 . Evidence from several past studies, including the Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (N-CRSP), indicated a strong positive association between @entity4 ( @entity4 ) intake, micronutrient status, and many @entity0 functions. This association motivated the intervention studies supported by the Global Livestock CRSP and described in this supplement, which found benefits of increasing @entity4 intake. In contrast to the common assumption that increasing consumption of @entity4 in poor communities is infeasible, and will only cause environmental problems, the articles in this supplement show the potential economic benefits of animal ownership in poor communities, and provide examples of innovative programs that have increased local production and consumption. Much more communication is needed among the nutrition, agriculture and development communities to achieve improved dietary quality for poor populations.

title: Interventions for XXXX control in developing countries: past, present and future.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Adequate antimicrobial therapy is a main approach employed to decrease the mortality associated with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). All methods that optimise empirical treatment without increasing antibiotic selective pressure are relevant. Categorisation of @entity0 according to @entity1 time of onset, severity and risk factors (American @entity2 Society (ATS) classification) or duration of mechanical ventilation and prior antibiotics (Trouillet's classification) are two such methods. The aim of this study was to catagorise @entity0 with @entity1 according to these classifications and to determine the frequency of resistant pathogens and the most adequate antimicrobial regimens in each group. A total 124 @entity0 with bacteriologically proven @entity1 were studied. The ATS classification categorised @entity0 by increasing frequency of resistant pathogens from 0-30.3%. The ATS empirical antibiotic recommendations appeared valid but proposed combinations including @entity3 for 72.5% of @entity0 . Trouillet's classification categorised @entity0 into four groups with a frequency of resistant pathogens from 4.9-35.6%. @entity3 was proposed for 48.5% of @entity0 . The American @entity2 Society classification appears to be more specific than Trouillet's for predicting the absence of resistant causative pathogens in @entity1 but could lead to a greater use of @entity3 . Stratification combining the two classifications is an interesting alternative.

title: XXXX : microbiological data and potential adequacy of antimicrobial regimens.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this open study was to compare the outcomes and side effects of plasmapheresis (PP) in @entity0 with proliferative @entity5 treated with @entity1 (Cyc) boluses. The study involved 28 consecutive @entity0 . All of the @entity0 met the ACR modified criteria for @entity3 and underwent a qualifying renal biopsy. In group I, @entity0 were treated with synchronised therapy (PP, 50 ml/kg, followed by pulse Cyc, 750 mg/m(2), repeated monthly for 6 months), whereas in group II, they were given only intermittent Cyc boluses (at the same dosage). The data were collected in the @entity0 ' records according to a standardised protocol. @entity0 were followed-up for a mean of 4 years. The disease-free survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimated survival curves ([S(t)]). At the end of the 6-month treatment period, a statistically significant number of @entity0 in group I (75%) was in complete remission in comparison to group II (31%) (P < 0.02), whereas at long-term follow-up, these percentages were similar (41% vs. 50%, P = n.s.). The main functional and immunological parameters showed a normalisation in both groups. The risk of a poor renal outcome significantly correlated with high serum @entity2 levels at the onset of @entity4 (P < 0.05). We documented a higher rate of infectious complications in group I. This study reports that synchronised therapy is useful in inducing a faster remission in @entity0 with proliferative @entity5 . However, it is not superior to conventional therapy at long term follow-up analysis. Positive results should be reinforced by a long-term maintenance therapy.

title: Synchronised therapy and high-dose @entity1 in proliferative XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this open study was to compare the outcomes and side effects of plasmapheresis (PP) in @entity0 with proliferative @entity5 treated with @entity1 (Cyc) boluses. The study involved 28 consecutive @entity0 . All of the @entity0 met the ACR modified criteria for @entity3 and underwent a qualifying renal biopsy. In group I, @entity0 were treated with synchronised therapy (PP, 50 ml/kg, followed by pulse Cyc, 750 mg/m(2), repeated monthly for 6 months), whereas in group II, they were given only intermittent Cyc boluses (at the same dosage). The data were collected in the @entity0 ' records according to a standardised protocol. @entity0 were followed-up for a mean of 4 years. The disease-free survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimated survival curves ([S(t)]). At the end of the 6-month treatment period, a statistically significant number of @entity0 in group I (75%) was in complete remission in comparison to group II (31%) (P < 0.02), whereas at long-term follow-up, these percentages were similar (41% vs. 50%, P = n.s.). The main functional and immunological parameters showed a normalisation in both groups. The risk of a poor renal outcome significantly correlated with high serum @entity2 levels at the onset of @entity4 (P < 0.05). We documented a higher rate of infectious complications in group I. This study reports that synchronised therapy is useful in inducing a faster remission in @entity0 with proliferative @entity5 . However, it is not superior to conventional therapy at long term follow-up analysis. Positive results should be reinforced by a long-term maintenance therapy.

title: Synchronised therapy and high-dose XXXX in proliferative @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study included 25 @entity0 with lower limb @entity1 who had wide local resection and reconstruction by vascularized fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap, and who had their surgery performed at least 24 months before the end of the study. The average age at operation was 23.5 years. Twenty-three @entity1 were malignant;16 were staged as high-grade @entity4 (stage IIA, stage IIB, and @entity6 ). @entity1 volume averaged 293.2 cc (range, 41.4-860). The resulting defect after @entity1 resection averaged 16 cm (range, 9-20 cm). The fibula was inserted as a single strut in 21 @entity0 , and as a double-barrel construct in 4 @entity0 . Fixation was augmented by interlocking nail in 11 cases, bridge plate in 9 cases, and external fixator in 5 cases. Twenty-four (96%) flaps survived. All grafts united in an average period of 4.5 months (range, 3-8 months) after transfer. Two secondary procedures were necessary to achieve graft union. Full weight bearing was possible after an average period of 7.5 months (range, 5-14 months). Significant @entity5 (> or =30% of original fibular diameter) occurred in 85% of @entity0 after an average period of 10 months from the index operation. In the latest follow-up radiographs (mean, 32 months), the degree of @entity5 averaged 90% (range, 30-200%). Graft @entity3 occurred in three @entity0 , and all healed conservatively. The @entity2 Society rating score (MTSRS) averaged 21.2 points at the end of the first postoperative year, and 23.6 at the end of the study.

title: Microsurgical reconstruction of lower limb bone defects following XXXX resection using vascularized fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Massive liver resection causes a variety of complications including @entity5 . @entity4 ( @entity6 ) is a new experimental drug used as antifibrotic agent. Studies were performed to investigate whether @entity6 influences the survival rate of animals with endotoxin-induced @entity1 after partial hepatectomy, and the mechanisms involved. METHODS: @entity0 were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 48 h after 70% hepatectomy. @entity6 was administered orally before LPS injection. RESULTS: @entity6 improved the survival rate of LPS-treated @entity0 after hepatectomy. @entity6 prevented increases in serum enzymes and total @entity2 related to @entity1 . Histopathological analysis revealed that @entity6 inhibited the enhancement in @entity1 and apoptosis. Further, @entity6 inhibited increases of inflammatory cytokines and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in serum and liver, followed by decreases of number of infiltrating neutrophils into liver. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that @entity6 inhibited the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) induced by LPS. @entity6 also reduced the induction of inducible @entity3 synthase (iNOS) in the liver of LPS-treated @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity6 inhibits the productions of inflammatory cytokines, CINC and iNOS in part through the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation, resulting in the prevention of endotoxin-induced @entity1 after hepatectomy.

title: @entity4 prevents endotoxin-induced XXXX after partial hepatectomy in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Massive liver resection causes a variety of complications including @entity5 . @entity4 ( @entity6 ) is a new experimental drug used as antifibrotic agent. Studies were performed to investigate whether @entity6 influences the survival rate of animals with endotoxin-induced @entity1 after partial hepatectomy, and the mechanisms involved. METHODS: @entity0 were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 48 h after 70% hepatectomy. @entity6 was administered orally before LPS injection. RESULTS: @entity6 improved the survival rate of LPS-treated @entity0 after hepatectomy. @entity6 prevented increases in serum enzymes and total @entity2 related to @entity1 . Histopathological analysis revealed that @entity6 inhibited the enhancement in @entity1 and apoptosis. Further, @entity6 inhibited increases of inflammatory cytokines and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in serum and liver, followed by decreases of number of infiltrating neutrophils into liver. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that @entity6 inhibited the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) induced by LPS. @entity6 also reduced the induction of inducible @entity3 synthase (iNOS) in the liver of LPS-treated @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity6 inhibits the productions of inflammatory cytokines, CINC and iNOS in part through the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation, resulting in the prevention of endotoxin-induced @entity1 after hepatectomy.

title: XXXX prevents endotoxin-induced @entity1 after partial hepatectomy in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Massive liver resection causes a variety of complications including @entity5 . @entity4 ( @entity6 ) is a new experimental drug used as antifibrotic agent. Studies were performed to investigate whether @entity6 influences the survival rate of animals with endotoxin-induced @entity1 after partial hepatectomy, and the mechanisms involved. METHODS: @entity0 were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 48 h after 70% hepatectomy. @entity6 was administered orally before LPS injection. RESULTS: @entity6 improved the survival rate of LPS-treated @entity0 after hepatectomy. @entity6 prevented increases in serum enzymes and total @entity2 related to @entity1 . Histopathological analysis revealed that @entity6 inhibited the enhancement in @entity1 and apoptosis. Further, @entity6 inhibited increases of inflammatory cytokines and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in serum and liver, followed by decreases of number of infiltrating neutrophils into liver. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that @entity6 inhibited the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) induced by LPS. @entity6 also reduced the induction of inducible @entity3 synthase (iNOS) in the liver of LPS-treated @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity6 inhibits the productions of inflammatory cytokines, CINC and iNOS in part through the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation, resulting in the prevention of endotoxin-induced @entity1 after hepatectomy.

title: @entity4 prevents endotoxin-induced @entity1 after partial hepatectomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clarify the association between physical activity intensity and @entity2 / @entity1 . METHODS: Population-based 1997-2001 survey in Geneva, Switzerland (n=5,757, ages 35 to 74). Intensity of physical activity energy expenditure (EE) defined as percentage of total EE in moderate activities [3-3.9 x basal metabolism rate (BMR), e.g., normal walking, household chores] and high-intensity activities (> or =4 x BMR, e.g., brisk walking, sports). Overweight or @entity1 based on measured body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Comparing @entity0 in the lowest vs. the highest tertile of the percentage of high-intensity EE, the odds ratios (ORs) were, for @entity1 vs. normal weight, 2.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.0-3.8, P<0.0001) in @entity0 and 2.4 (1.7-3.4, P<0.0001) in @entity0 . For obese vs. @entity2 , the @entity0 / @entity0 ORs were 1.9 (1.4-2.6, P<0.0001)/1.5 (1.0-2.2, P<0.05). For @entity2 vs. normal weight, the @entity0 / @entity0 ORs were 1.4 (1.1-1.7, P<0.002)/1.7 (1.3-2.1, P<0.0001). Less or no relationship was found for the percentage of moderate-intensity EE. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study cannot determine whether exercise is an effective strategy for weight control or whether @entity2 or obese @entity0 exercise less. However, clear dose-response associations in both genders between @entity1 or @entity2 and energy expenditure in high (but not in moderate)-intensity activities are findings with potentially major public health implications meriting validation in an experimental intervention study.

title: Association of physical activity intensity levels with @entity2 and XXXX in a population-based sample of adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clarify the association between physical activity intensity and @entity2 / @entity1 . METHODS: Population-based 1997-2001 survey in Geneva, Switzerland (n=5,757, ages 35 to 74). Intensity of physical activity energy expenditure (EE) defined as percentage of total EE in moderate activities [3-3.9 x basal metabolism rate (BMR), e.g., normal walking, household chores] and high-intensity activities (> or =4 x BMR, e.g., brisk walking, sports). Overweight or @entity1 based on measured body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Comparing @entity0 in the lowest vs. the highest tertile of the percentage of high-intensity EE, the odds ratios (ORs) were, for @entity1 vs. normal weight, 2.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.0-3.8, P<0.0001) in @entity0 and 2.4 (1.7-3.4, P<0.0001) in @entity0 . For obese vs. @entity2 , the @entity0 / @entity0 ORs were 1.9 (1.4-2.6, P<0.0001)/1.5 (1.0-2.2, P<0.05). For @entity2 vs. normal weight, the @entity0 / @entity0 ORs were 1.4 (1.1-1.7, P<0.002)/1.7 (1.3-2.1, P<0.0001). Less or no relationship was found for the percentage of moderate-intensity EE. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study cannot determine whether exercise is an effective strategy for weight control or whether @entity2 or obese @entity0 exercise less. However, clear dose-response associations in both genders between @entity1 or @entity2 and energy expenditure in high (but not in moderate)-intensity activities are findings with potentially major public health implications meriting validation in an experimental intervention study.

title: Association of physical activity intensity levels with XXXX and @entity1 in a population-based sample of adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) elicit a dose-dependent effect on the @entity6 in @entity0 . After ESW treatment, the segmental defect underwent progressive @entity2 , endochondral ossification, and hard callus formation. Along with the intensive bone formation, there was a persistent increase in @entity4 and @entity5 expression. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin reduced ESW-promoted callus formation and gap healing, which presumably suggests that Gi proteins mediate osteogenic signaling. INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) have previously been used to promote bone repair. In our previous report, we found that ESWs promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells through membrane perturbation and activation of Ras protein. In this report, we show that ESWs elicit a dose-dependent effect on the healing of segmental defects and that Gi proteins play an important role in mediating ESW stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity6 were subjected to ESW treatment at different energy flux densities (EFD) and impulses. Bone mass (mineral density and @entity3 content), osteogenic activities (bone alkaline phosphatase activity and @entity7 content), and immunohistochemistry were assessed. RESULTS: An optimal ESW energy (500 impulses at 0.16 mJ/mm2 EFD) stimulated complete bone healing without complications. ESW-augmented healing was characterized by significant increases (p < 0.01) in callus size, bone mineral density, and bone tissue formation. With exposure to ESW, alkaline phosphatase activity and @entity7 production in calluses were found to be significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). After ESW treatment, the histological changes we noted included progressive @entity2 , endochondral ossification, and hard callus formation. Intensive bone formation was associated with a persistent increase in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) expression, suggesting both growth factors were active in ESW-promoted bone formation. We also found that pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of membrane-bound Gi proteins, significantly reduced (p < 0.01) ESW promotion of callus formation and @entity1 healing. CONCLUSION: ESW treatments enhanced bone formation and the @entity6 in @entity0 . It also seems likely that @entity4 and @entity5 are important osteogenic factors for ESW promotion of @entity1 healing, presumably through Gi protein-mediated osteogenic signaling.

title: Shock wave application enhances pertussis toxin protein-sensitive bone formation of segmental femoral defect in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity0 in the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints on locomotion, including the compensating effects within and between limbs. ANIMALS: 4 clinically normal @entity2 . PROCEDURE: Gait analyses including kinematics, force plate, and inverse dynamic analysis were performed at the trot before @entity1 , after which @entity0 was induced by injecting endotoxin into the right distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints. Gait analyses were repeated 24 to 30 hours later during @entity1 . Differences between the stride variables during the 2 conditions (lame and sound) were identified. RESULTS: Tarsal joint range of motion, peak vertical force, and vertical impulse were decreased during @entity1 . Mechanical deficits included a decrease in negative work performed by the tarsal extensors during the early stance phase and a decrease in positive work by the tarsal extensors during push off. No compensatory changes in work were performed by other joints within the lame hind limb during the stance phase. Vertical impulse in the diagonal forelimb decreased, but there were no significant changes in forces or impulses in the ipsilateral forelimb or contralateral hind limb. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that @entity2 are able to manage mild, unilateral hind limb @entity1 by reducing the airborne phase of the stride rather than by increased loading of the compensating limbs.

title: Effect of induced XXXX of distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints on sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of trotting @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity0 in the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints on locomotion, including the compensating effects within and between limbs. ANIMALS: 4 clinically normal @entity2 . PROCEDURE: Gait analyses including kinematics, force plate, and inverse dynamic analysis were performed at the trot before @entity1 , after which @entity0 was induced by injecting endotoxin into the right distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints. Gait analyses were repeated 24 to 30 hours later during @entity1 . Differences between the stride variables during the 2 conditions (lame and sound) were identified. RESULTS: Tarsal joint range of motion, peak vertical force, and vertical impulse were decreased during @entity1 . Mechanical deficits included a decrease in negative work performed by the tarsal extensors during the early stance phase and a decrease in positive work by the tarsal extensors during push off. No compensatory changes in work were performed by other joints within the lame hind limb during the stance phase. Vertical impulse in the diagonal forelimb decreased, but there were no significant changes in forces or impulses in the ipsilateral forelimb or contralateral hind limb. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that @entity2 are able to manage mild, unilateral hind limb @entity1 by reducing the airborne phase of the stride rather than by increased loading of the compensating limbs.

title: Effect of induced @entity0 of distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints on sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of trotting XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the amount of inducible @entity2 synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in alveolar macrophages in response to @entity6 (APP) by determining @entity2 (NO) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) concentrations. SAMPLE POPULATION: Freshly isolated porcine alveolar macrophages. PROCEDURE: Alveolar macrophages were incubated for 48 hours with APP (1 X 10(4) colony-forming units/mL), interleukin-1beta, (IL-1beta; 5 U/mL), @entity0 @entity1 factor-alpha (TNFalpha; 500 U/mL), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 100 U/mL), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 microg/mL). In a second experiment, alveolar macrophages were incubated with fresh medium (negative control), APP alone, or APP with 1 of the following: IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma. In a third experiment, alveolar macrophages were incubated with fresh medium (negative control), LPS (positive control), APP alone, or APP with 1 of the following: an iNOS inhibitor (3.3 microM), a COX-2 inhibitor (10 microM); or both the iNOS and COX-2 inhibitors. Supernatant was obtained at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment for determination of NO and @entity3 production. RESULTS: The addition of APP to alveolar macrophages resulted in significant increases in NO and @entity3 production. The addition of APP and IFN-gamma synergistically induced NO production. Inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 decreased NO and @entity3 production, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In vitro activation of alveolar macrophages by APP results in increased production of NO and @entity3 . @entity2 and @entity3 production appears to be largely dependent on iNOS and COX-2 activity. Pharmacologic modulation of iNOS and COX-2 activity may represent a therapeutic target for @entity4 with @entity5 .

title: In vitro effects of XXXX on inducible @entity2 synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in porcine alveolar macrophages.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the amount of inducible @entity2 synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in alveolar macrophages in response to @entity6 (APP) by determining @entity2 (NO) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) concentrations. SAMPLE POPULATION: Freshly isolated porcine alveolar macrophages. PROCEDURE: Alveolar macrophages were incubated for 48 hours with APP (1 X 10(4) colony-forming units/mL), interleukin-1beta, (IL-1beta; 5 U/mL), @entity0 @entity1 factor-alpha (TNFalpha; 500 U/mL), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 100 U/mL), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 microg/mL). In a second experiment, alveolar macrophages were incubated with fresh medium (negative control), APP alone, or APP with 1 of the following: IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma. In a third experiment, alveolar macrophages were incubated with fresh medium (negative control), LPS (positive control), APP alone, or APP with 1 of the following: an iNOS inhibitor (3.3 microM), a COX-2 inhibitor (10 microM); or both the iNOS and COX-2 inhibitors. Supernatant was obtained at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment for determination of NO and @entity3 production. RESULTS: The addition of APP to alveolar macrophages resulted in significant increases in NO and @entity3 production. The addition of APP and IFN-gamma synergistically induced NO production. Inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 decreased NO and @entity3 production, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In vitro activation of alveolar macrophages by APP results in increased production of NO and @entity3 . @entity2 and @entity3 production appears to be largely dependent on iNOS and COX-2 activity. Pharmacologic modulation of iNOS and COX-2 activity may represent a therapeutic target for @entity4 with @entity5 .

title: In vitro effects of @entity6 on inducible XXXX synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in porcine alveolar macrophages.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term sequelae of pelvic embolization for postpartum @entity2 and to study the effect on fertility and menses. METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive @entity0 who underwent pelvic embolization for postpartum @entity2 between the years 1977 and 2002 were included in the study. Chart review and telephone interviews were conducted to gather data regarding the type of delivery, causative factors of the @entity2 , preembolization treatments, @entity1 , length of time between delivery and embolization, complications, long-term side effects, and subsequent pregnancies. RESULTS: The average (+/- standard deviation) time to follow-up was 11.7 +/- 6.9 years. The most common causes of @entity2 were @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity6 . In only one case was the embolization unsuccessful, during which there was an accidental perforation of an internal iliac artery resulting in a retroperitoneal @entity3 and subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy. All of the interviewed @entity0 that desired to get pregnant after embolization were able to do so. Six @entity0 reported a total of six uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries in the years after their embolization. Of the remaining @entity0 interviewed, none made subsequent attempts to get pregnant. The most commonly reported long-term side effects were transient buttock numbness (n = 2) and urinary frequency (n = 2). In no @entity0 were the side effects severe enough to seek further medical attention. CONCLUSION: Pelvic @entity4 is a safe and effective procedure and offers @entity0 a fertility-preserving alternative to hysterectomy for treatment of intractable postpartum @entity2 .

title: Pelvic embolization for intractable postpartum XXXX : long-term follow-up and implications for fertility.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the type of skin incision and postoperative wound complications in an @entity1 population. METHODS: A hospital-based perinatal database was used to identify @entity0 with a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 35 undergoing their first cesarean delivery. Hospital and outpatient medical records were reviewed for the following variables: age, insurance status, BMI, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, smoking history, prior abdominal surgery, existing comorbidities, preoperative hematocrit, @entity3 , duration of labor and membrane rupture, dilation at time of cesarean delivery, type of skin and uterine incision, estimated @entity2 , operative time, antibiotic prophylaxis, use of subcutaneous drains or sutures, @entity4 , and length of stay. The primary outcome variable was any wound complication requiring opening the incision. Multiple logistic regression analysis was completed to determine which of these factors contributed to the incidence of wound complications. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2000, 239 @entity0 with a BMI greater than 35 undergoing a primary cesarean delivery were identified. The overall incidence of wound complications in this group of severely @entity1 @entity0 was 12.1%. Factors associated with wound complications included vertical skin incisions (odds ratio [OR] 12.4, P < .001) and @entity4 (OR 3.4, P = .03). A high preoperative hematocrit was protective (OR .87, P = .03). No other factors were found to impact wound complications. CONCLUSION: Primary cesarean delivery in the severely @entity1 parturient has a high incidence of wound complications. Our data indicate that a vertical skin incision is associated with a higher rate of wound complications than a transverse incision.

title: Vertical skin incisions and wound complications in the XXXX parturient.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This report is a part of a multi-centre study in Asia on the problem of dual forms of @entity3 in the same households. In Malaysia, the prevalence of underweight and stunting persist among young @entity0 from poor rural areas. Overweight in adults, especially @entity0 from poor rural areas has been reported in recent years. Thus, this study was undertaken in order to assess the presence of the dual burden of underweight @entity0 -overweight mother pairs in a poor rural community. Out of 140 Malay households identified to have at least one @entity0 aged 1-6 years and mother aged above 20 years, 52.1% of the mothers were overweight, 15.7% of the @entity0 were underweight, 27.1% stunted and 5% wasted. Socio-economic background and food intake frequency data were collected from 54 underweight @entity0 /overweight mother pairs (UW/OW) and 41 normal weight @entity0 /normal weight mother pairs (NW/NW). Compared with the overweight mothers, a higher percentage of the normal weight mothers had received secondary education, were employed and with a higher household monthly income, although these differences were not significant. Patterns of food intake of the mothers and @entity0 appeared to have more similarities than differences between the UW/OW and NW/NW groups. Quantitative dietary intakes for 2 days using 24-hr recall and physical activity energy expenditure over the same period were assessed in a sub-group of UW/OW and NW/NW mothers and @entity0 . The NW/NW @entity0 showed significantly higher intake of total calories, fat and @entity4 than the UW/OW counterparts. Mean energy and nutrient intake of mothers from both groups were not significantly different, although the NW/NW mothers showed higher intake adequacy for total calories and most nutrients. While most of the mothers from both groups reported having no chronic illnesses, about half of the @entity0 in both groups had @entity1 , especially @entity2 , over a 2-week period. Energy expenditure from physical activity for both UW/OW and NW/NW mothers and @entity0 did not differ significantly. This study confirmed inadequate intake of total energy and nutrients as the major factor for underweight in Malay @entity0 from rural areas. However, assessing intake and physical activity by interview methods were not sensitive enough to overcome perceived problems of under-reporting of energy intake and over-estimation of energy expenditure, especially by overweight subjects. Further investigations on a larger sample are necessary to understand the family dynamics leading to the double burden of @entity3 within the same household.

title: Dual forms of XXXX in the same households in Malaysia--a case study among Malay rural households.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been introduced for @entity0 with @entity5 refractory to pharmacological therapy. METHODS: From April 1998 until November 2001, 55 @entity0 underwent GES implantation at Kansas University Medical Center. All @entity0 had prolonged @entity2 of a solid meal by scintigraphy at baseline. The etiologies were @entity1 in 39, related to previous surgery in 9, and idiopathic in 7. Symptoms were graded using a 5-point scale and quality of life was assessed with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body mass index and nutritional parameters were monitored. Hemoglobin @entity4 was measured in the @entity1 @entity0 . RESULTS: Total symptom scores and the physical and mental composite scores of quality of life improved significantly. On average, gastric emptying did not change. Body mass index and body weight increased significantly. And days spent in hospital admissions were significantly decreased. At 1 year, @entity1 @entity0 experienced reduced hemoglobin @entity4 . Four devices were removed. One @entity0 died of a @entity3 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In a large series of @entity0 with @entity5 , GES significantly improved symptoms and quality of life.

title: Further experience with gastric stimulation to treat drug XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study was first, to investigate the prevalence of @entity1 , @entity3 , and clustering of cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, and secondly, to identify the BMI or waist circumference (WC) level at which clustering increases in South Koreans. A population-based, cross-sectional National Health Examination Survey was carried out in 1998. A total of 8,816 subjects (4,029 @entity0 and 4,787 @entity0 ) aged 15-79 y were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design. The measurements taken of the subjects included: height, weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, fasting @entity2 , and lipids. The prevalence of BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 was 25.3% for @entity0 and 28.3% for @entity0 . The prevalence of WC >90 cm in @entity0 , and >80 cm in @entity0 was 18.5%, and 38.5%, respectively. Clustering of 3 or more CVD risk factors was 22.7% in @entity0 ad 21.7% in @entity0 . Using <21 kg/m2; as a referent, subjects with BMI of 23 kg/m2; and 27 kg/m2; had an odds ratio of 3.5 and 10.2 in @entity0 , and 3.1 and 6.7 in @entity0 , respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Using <65 cm as a referent, subjects with a WC of > or = 90 cm in @entity0 and > or = 85 cm in @entity0 had an odds ratio of 13.4, and 13.6, respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Considering the significant associations between clustering of CVD risk factors and BMI or WC, the present study suggests that high prevalence of overweight may have important implications for the health care system, even at a lower level of BMI or WC.

title: XXXX , @entity3 , and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in South Korea.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was first, to investigate the prevalence of @entity1 , @entity3 , and clustering of cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, and secondly, to identify the BMI or waist circumference (WC) level at which clustering increases in South Koreans. A population-based, cross-sectional National Health Examination Survey was carried out in 1998. A total of 8,816 subjects (4,029 @entity0 and 4,787 @entity0 ) aged 15-79 y were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design. The measurements taken of the subjects included: height, weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, fasting @entity2 , and lipids. The prevalence of BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 was 25.3% for @entity0 and 28.3% for @entity0 . The prevalence of WC >90 cm in @entity0 , and >80 cm in @entity0 was 18.5%, and 38.5%, respectively. Clustering of 3 or more CVD risk factors was 22.7% in @entity0 ad 21.7% in @entity0 . Using <21 kg/m2; as a referent, subjects with BMI of 23 kg/m2; and 27 kg/m2; had an odds ratio of 3.5 and 10.2 in @entity0 , and 3.1 and 6.7 in @entity0 , respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Using <65 cm as a referent, subjects with a WC of > or = 90 cm in @entity0 and > or = 85 cm in @entity0 had an odds ratio of 13.4, and 13.6, respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Considering the significant associations between clustering of CVD risk factors and BMI or WC, the present study suggests that high prevalence of overweight may have important implications for the health care system, even at a lower level of BMI or WC.

title: @entity1 , XXXX , and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in South Korea.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The co-existence of under-and @entity2 in developing countries might be the resultant factor of a marked shift in dietary and lifestyle practices of @entity0 , especially in urban areas. The eating of high fat, high caloric diets, the presence of inactive entertainment devices and mechanized labour influence patterns of food demand and physical activity. This study identified factors associated with the occurrence of under/overweight or normal/normal nutritional status of @entity0 -mother pairs in one household. This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was a survey of 376 @entity0 -mother pairs. The @entity0 aged 33-83 months were attending classes in government day care centres. Anthropometric indices: weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) < or = -2SD was used to classify underweight in @entity0 . WAZ+1 to -1SD was used to indicate normal nutritional status in @entity0 , specifically for this study, in order to establish a more homogenous group. Body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg/m2 was used to measure overweight among mothers. Results showed that about 59% of the @entity0 -mother pairs were suffering from two different types of @entity1 . From this, 31 (8.2%) @entity0 -mother pairs in the same household were experiencing underweight/overweight: the @entity0 was underweight and the mother was overweight. The second phase of the study was an in-depth study of these 31 under/overweight @entity0 -mother pairs and 30 randomly selected normal/normal pairs. Pre-tested questionnaires were used to gather socio-economic-demographic data; 3 day 24-h food recall for dietary intake and 24-h activity recall for physical activity. Results showed that the different factors associated with the existence of underweight @entity0 /overweight mother (UC/OM) or normal @entity0 /normal mother (NC/NM) in this study were: mother's educational level, mother's occupation, and number of @entity0 in the household; energy intake, the preference of meats, sweets and sugars among @entity0 or meats and fried foods among mothers; and mother's perception on body size. Physical activity of both mothers and @entity0 was higher in the UC/OM than in the NC/NM group. The problem of undernutrition and @entity2 in one household poses enormous challenges. Although this study cannot make an inference to the whole population, the results indicate that there is a need to consider whether public health programs should focus on healthy diet and lifestyle patterns that will lead to optimal health outcomes at both ends of the spectrum of nutritional status.

title: A case study on dual forms of XXXX among selected households in District 1, Tondo, Manila.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is sometimes experienced by individuals without any traditional risk factor. This prospective study explored whether incidence of @entity2 in nonsmoking, nondiabetic @entity0 with normal blood pressure and serum lipids is related to @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Five @entity1 (alpha1-antitrypsin, @entity4 , ceruloplasmin, @entity3 , orosomucoid) were analyzed in 6075 @entity0 , 47+/-3.6 years old. A low-risk group (no traditional risk factor, n=1108) and a high-risk group (> or =2 major risk factors, n=1011) were defined. Incidence of @entity2 (n=227) was monitored over 18.1+/-4.3 years of follow-up. In the low-risk group, the age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were 1.00 (reference), 1.9 (95% CI, 0.8 to 4.2), 1.8 (95% CI, 0.6 to 5.4), and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.05 to 8.1), respectively, for @entity0 with 0, 1, 2 and > or =3 @entity1 in the top quartile (trend: P=0.03). In this group, the increased risk was observed only after > or =10 years of follow-up. In the high-risk group, the age-adjusted RRs were 1.00, 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.2), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2 to 3.1), and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1), respectively, for @entity0 with 0, 1, 2, and > or =3 @entity1 in the top quartile (trend: P=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity2 in nonsmoking, nondiabetic @entity0 with normal blood pressure and lipids was related to @entity1 . The causes for this relationship remain to be explored.

title: Inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins and incidence of XXXX in @entity0 with low cardiovascular risk.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is sometimes experienced by individuals without any traditional risk factor. This prospective study explored whether incidence of @entity2 in nonsmoking, nondiabetic @entity0 with normal blood pressure and serum lipids is related to @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Five @entity1 (alpha1-antitrypsin, @entity4 , ceruloplasmin, @entity3 , orosomucoid) were analyzed in 6075 @entity0 , 47+/-3.6 years old. A low-risk group (no traditional risk factor, n=1108) and a high-risk group (> or =2 major risk factors, n=1011) were defined. Incidence of @entity2 (n=227) was monitored over 18.1+/-4.3 years of follow-up. In the low-risk group, the age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were 1.00 (reference), 1.9 (95% CI, 0.8 to 4.2), 1.8 (95% CI, 0.6 to 5.4), and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.05 to 8.1), respectively, for @entity0 with 0, 1, 2 and > or =3 @entity1 in the top quartile (trend: P=0.03). In this group, the increased risk was observed only after > or =10 years of follow-up. In the high-risk group, the age-adjusted RRs were 1.00, 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.2), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2 to 3.1), and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1), respectively, for @entity0 with 0, 1, 2, and > or =3 @entity1 in the top quartile (trend: P=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity2 in nonsmoking, nondiabetic @entity0 with normal blood pressure and lipids was related to @entity1 . The causes for this relationship remain to be explored.

title: Inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins and incidence of @entity2 in XXXX with low cardiovascular risk.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 with @entity7 -independent @entity5 demonstrate progression of disease, despite chemical or surgical castration, and have a poor prognosis. @entity1 progression may be manifest as an asymptomatic increase in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or may be accompanied by symptomatic and/or radiographic evidence of @entity1 growth. Observation remains a reasonable choice for asymptomatic @entity0 . However, many @entity0 remain anxious about withholding further treatment and, although studies have not demonstrated a survival benefit with second-line hormonal therapy, it may be appropriate to consider these therapies. In @entity0 who have radiographic and/or symptomatic progression, the use of second-line hormonal therapy is more easily justified. Treatment options include: (1) secondary use of antiandrogens (eg, high-dose @entity13 ), (2) therapies targeted against adrenal @entity3 synthesis (eg, @entity10 , @entity12 , and @entity6 ), and (3) estrogenic therapies (eg, @entity11 ). Symptomatic improvement and PSA-level decreases of > or =50% have been reported in approximately 20% to 80% of @entity0 with @entity7 -independent @entity5 who receive such second-line hormone therapies, with a typical response duration of 2 to 6 months. @entity4 is generally mild for these oral therapies, although serious side effects, including @entity9 , @entity2 , and @entity8 , may occur. In conclusion, secondary hormonal therapies have a significant role in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity7 -independent @entity5 . Further research is needed to understand their optimal use.

title: Secondary hormonal therapies in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Results are presented of a retrospective analysis of 651 carotid endarterectomies in 605 @entity0 with carotid territorial @entity1 ( @entity1 ). All operations were performed by the same surgeon in a community hospital from 1963 to 1986. Arteriographic findings consisted of carotid stenosis of 50% or greater in 88.5% of @entity0 and stenosis less than 50% and/or an ulcerated plaque in the remaining 11.5%. Medical risk factors were detected in 92% of @entity0 ; @entity3 , @entity8 , and @entity6 were most prevalent. All operative procedures were conducted with the @entity0 under general anesthesia, routine shunting, and arterial closure without a patch. The perioperative @entity2 rate was 1.5% (10 @entity0 ); the morality rate was 0.8% (three @entity4 from @entity7 and two from @entity2 ) for a combined @entity2 and mortality rate of 2.0% (13 of 605 @entity0 ). Follow-up (mean 61.8 months) was possible in 570 (96%) of the @entity0 surviving operation without a perioperative @entity2 . The cumulative probability of late @entity2 (i.e., @entity5 ipsilateral to the operated artery) was 2.5% at 5 years and 8.1% at 10 years. When the perioperative @entity2 -mortality rate (2.0%) is combined with the data for late @entity2 , the 5- and 10-year probabilities of @entity2 were 4.5% and 9.9%, respectively (mean 1% per year for 10-year period). @entity6 accounted for 43% of late @entity4 and 16% of @entity2 . The perioperative @entity2 -mortality rate of 2.0% in this group of @entity0 falls within the acceptable range for carotid endarterectomy in @entity0 with @entity9 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carotid endarterectomy in @entity0 with territorial XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Results are presented of a retrospective analysis of 651 carotid endarterectomies in 605 @entity0 with carotid territorial @entity1 ( @entity1 ). All operations were performed by the same surgeon in a community hospital from 1963 to 1986. Arteriographic findings consisted of carotid stenosis of 50% or greater in 88.5% of @entity0 and stenosis less than 50% and/or an ulcerated plaque in the remaining 11.5%. Medical risk factors were detected in 92% of @entity0 ; @entity3 , @entity8 , and @entity6 were most prevalent. All operative procedures were conducted with the @entity0 under general anesthesia, routine shunting, and arterial closure without a patch. The perioperative @entity2 rate was 1.5% (10 @entity0 ); the morality rate was 0.8% (three @entity4 from @entity7 and two from @entity2 ) for a combined @entity2 and mortality rate of 2.0% (13 of 605 @entity0 ). Follow-up (mean 61.8 months) was possible in 570 (96%) of the @entity0 surviving operation without a perioperative @entity2 . The cumulative probability of late @entity2 (i.e., @entity5 ipsilateral to the operated artery) was 2.5% at 5 years and 8.1% at 10 years. When the perioperative @entity2 -mortality rate (2.0%) is combined with the data for late @entity2 , the 5- and 10-year probabilities of @entity2 were 4.5% and 9.9%, respectively (mean 1% per year for 10-year period). @entity6 accounted for 43% of late @entity4 and 16% of @entity2 . The perioperative @entity2 -mortality rate of 2.0% in this group of @entity0 falls within the acceptable range for carotid endarterectomy in @entity0 with @entity9 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carotid endarterectomy in XXXX with territorial @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CE) in preventing recurrent @entity2 and improving survival in the @entity0 who has sustained a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or @entity2 is still controversial. To determine the long-term benefits and value of CE in these @entity0 , a 10-year review of 253 @entity0 who suffered a @entity1 or @entity2 was conducted. All @entity0 had CT brain scans, as well as arch, extracranial, and intracranial arteriography; any @entity0 without demonstrated carotid bifurcation disease were excluded from the study. On the basis of clinical symptoms and CT scan findings, 66 @entity0 were categorized as having sustained a @entity1 and 187 a @entity2 . One hundred fifty-one @entity0 who suffered a @entity1 or @entity2 had CE, whereas 102 @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity2 did not have CE and served as a control group. All endarterectomies were performed with a temporary indwelling shunt. @entity4 included two @entity3 (1%), six @entity2 (4%), and 10 transient @entity1 (7%). In follow-up extending to 10 years the cumulative incidence of recurrent @entity2 was only 7% (11 @entity0 ) in the operated group, whereas 18% of @entity0 in the nonoperated control group (18) sustained a recurrent @entity2 (p less than 0.05). As anticipated, the leading cause of @entity3 during follow-up was cardiac related; although CE did not significantly improve long-term survival, there was more than a twofold decrease in the incidence of recurrent @entity2 as a cause of @entity3 in the group having CE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carotid endarterectomy after @entity1 or XXXX : is it of value?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CE) in preventing recurrent @entity2 and improving survival in the @entity0 who has sustained a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or @entity2 is still controversial. To determine the long-term benefits and value of CE in these @entity0 , a 10-year review of 253 @entity0 who suffered a @entity1 or @entity2 was conducted. All @entity0 had CT brain scans, as well as arch, extracranial, and intracranial arteriography; any @entity0 without demonstrated carotid bifurcation disease were excluded from the study. On the basis of clinical symptoms and CT scan findings, 66 @entity0 were categorized as having sustained a @entity1 and 187 a @entity2 . One hundred fifty-one @entity0 who suffered a @entity1 or @entity2 had CE, whereas 102 @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity2 did not have CE and served as a control group. All endarterectomies were performed with a temporary indwelling shunt. @entity4 included two @entity3 (1%), six @entity2 (4%), and 10 transient @entity1 (7%). In follow-up extending to 10 years the cumulative incidence of recurrent @entity2 was only 7% (11 @entity0 ) in the operated group, whereas 18% of @entity0 in the nonoperated control group (18) sustained a recurrent @entity2 (p less than 0.05). As anticipated, the leading cause of @entity3 during follow-up was cardiac related; although CE did not significantly improve long-term survival, there was more than a twofold decrease in the incidence of recurrent @entity2 as a cause of @entity3 in the group having CE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carotid endarterectomy after XXXX or @entity2 : is it of value?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antiarrhythmic agents and electrical cardioversion in the management of @entity0 with @entity3 complicating @entity2 , and their relation to 30 day and one year mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study of 1138 @entity0 with @entity3 from the GUSTO-III trial. INTERVENTIONS: Of the 1138 study @entity0 , 317 (28%) received antiarrhythmic treatment, including class I antiarrhythmic agents (12%), @entity5 (5%), and @entity4 (15%); electrical cardioversion was attempted in 116 (10%). RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was restored in 72% of @entity0 receiving class I antiarrhythmic agents, 67% of those receiving @entity5 , 79% of those receiving @entity4 , and 64% of those having electrical cardioversion. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and complications occurring before the onset of @entity3 , there was no difference among the treatment groups in the incidence of sinus rhythm at the time of discharge or before deterioration to @entity1 . However, the use of class I antiarrhythmic drugs or @entity5 was associated with a lower unadjusted 30 day and one year mortality. After adjustment for baseline factors and pre- @entity3 , the odds ratios for 30 day and one year mortality were 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19 to 0.89) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.04) with class I agents, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.07 to 1.32) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.02) with @entity5 . In contrast, there was no association between the use of @entity4 or electrical cardioversion and 30 day or one year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong trend towards lower mortality associated with the use of class I antiarrhythmic agents or @entity5 in managing @entity0 with @entity3 after @entity2 . Randomised trials are indicated.

title: Management and outcome of @entity0 with XXXX during @entity2 : the GUSTO-III experience. Global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antiarrhythmic agents and electrical cardioversion in the management of @entity0 with @entity3 complicating @entity2 , and their relation to 30 day and one year mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study of 1138 @entity0 with @entity3 from the GUSTO-III trial. INTERVENTIONS: Of the 1138 study @entity0 , 317 (28%) received antiarrhythmic treatment, including class I antiarrhythmic agents (12%), @entity5 (5%), and @entity4 (15%); electrical cardioversion was attempted in 116 (10%). RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was restored in 72% of @entity0 receiving class I antiarrhythmic agents, 67% of those receiving @entity5 , 79% of those receiving @entity4 , and 64% of those having electrical cardioversion. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and complications occurring before the onset of @entity3 , there was no difference among the treatment groups in the incidence of sinus rhythm at the time of discharge or before deterioration to @entity1 . However, the use of class I antiarrhythmic drugs or @entity5 was associated with a lower unadjusted 30 day and one year mortality. After adjustment for baseline factors and pre- @entity3 , the odds ratios for 30 day and one year mortality were 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19 to 0.89) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.04) with class I agents, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.07 to 1.32) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.02) with @entity5 . In contrast, there was no association between the use of @entity4 or electrical cardioversion and 30 day or one year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong trend towards lower mortality associated with the use of class I antiarrhythmic agents or @entity5 in managing @entity0 with @entity3 after @entity2 . Randomised trials are indicated.

title: Management and outcome of @entity0 with @entity3 during XXXX : the GUSTO-III experience. Global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antiarrhythmic agents and electrical cardioversion in the management of @entity0 with @entity3 complicating @entity2 , and their relation to 30 day and one year mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study of 1138 @entity0 with @entity3 from the GUSTO-III trial. INTERVENTIONS: Of the 1138 study @entity0 , 317 (28%) received antiarrhythmic treatment, including class I antiarrhythmic agents (12%), @entity5 (5%), and @entity4 (15%); electrical cardioversion was attempted in 116 (10%). RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was restored in 72% of @entity0 receiving class I antiarrhythmic agents, 67% of those receiving @entity5 , 79% of those receiving @entity4 , and 64% of those having electrical cardioversion. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and complications occurring before the onset of @entity3 , there was no difference among the treatment groups in the incidence of sinus rhythm at the time of discharge or before deterioration to @entity1 . However, the use of class I antiarrhythmic drugs or @entity5 was associated with a lower unadjusted 30 day and one year mortality. After adjustment for baseline factors and pre- @entity3 , the odds ratios for 30 day and one year mortality were 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19 to 0.89) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.04) with class I agents, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.07 to 1.32) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.02) with @entity5 . In contrast, there was no association between the use of @entity4 or electrical cardioversion and 30 day or one year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong trend towards lower mortality associated with the use of class I antiarrhythmic agents or @entity5 in managing @entity0 with @entity3 after @entity2 . Randomised trials are indicated.

title: Management and outcome of XXXX with @entity3 during @entity2 : the GUSTO-III experience. Global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Exogenously applied @entity3 ( @entity2 ) strongly promoted stem elongation over the long term in intact light-grown seedlings of both dwarf (cv Progress No. 9) and tall (cv Alaska) @entity1 ( @entity1 .), with the relative promotion being far greater in dwarf plants. In dwarf seedlings, solutions of @entity2 (between 10-4 and 10-3 M), when continuously applied to the uppermost two internodes via a @entity0 wick, increased whole-stem growth by at least 6-fold over the first 24 h. The magnitude of growth promotion correlated with the applied @entity2 concentration from 10-6 to 10-3 M, particularly over the first 6 h of application. @entity2 applied only to the apical bud or the uppermost internode of the seedling stimulated a biphasic growth response in the uppermost internode and the immediately lower internode, with the response in the latter being greatly delayed. This demonstrates that exogenous @entity2 effectively promotes growth as it is transported through intact stems. @entity2 withdrawal and reapplication at various times enabled the separation of the initial growth response (IGR) and prolonged growth response (PGR) induced by auxin. The IGR was inducible by at least 1 order of magnitude lower @entity2 concentrations than the PGR, suggesting that the process underlying the IGR is more sensitive to auxin induction. In contrast to the magnitude of the @entity2 effect in dwarf seedlings, applied @entity2 only doubled the growth in tall seedlings. These results suggest that endogenous @entity2 is more growth limiting in dwarf plants than in tall plants, and that auxin promotes stem elongation in the intact plant probably by the same mechanism of action as in isolated stem segments. However, since dwarf plants to which @entity2 was applied failed to reach the growth rate of tall plants, auxin cannot be the only limiting factor for stem growth in @entity1 .

title: Magnitude and Kinetics of Stem Elongation Induced by Exogenous @entity3 in Intact Light-Grown XXXX Seedlings.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Exogenously applied @entity3 ( @entity2 ) strongly promoted stem elongation over the long term in intact light-grown seedlings of both dwarf (cv Progress No. 9) and tall (cv Alaska) @entity1 ( @entity1 .), with the relative promotion being far greater in dwarf plants. In dwarf seedlings, solutions of @entity2 (between 10-4 and 10-3 M), when continuously applied to the uppermost two internodes via a @entity0 wick, increased whole-stem growth by at least 6-fold over the first 24 h. The magnitude of growth promotion correlated with the applied @entity2 concentration from 10-6 to 10-3 M, particularly over the first 6 h of application. @entity2 applied only to the apical bud or the uppermost internode of the seedling stimulated a biphasic growth response in the uppermost internode and the immediately lower internode, with the response in the latter being greatly delayed. This demonstrates that exogenous @entity2 effectively promotes growth as it is transported through intact stems. @entity2 withdrawal and reapplication at various times enabled the separation of the initial growth response (IGR) and prolonged growth response (PGR) induced by auxin. The IGR was inducible by at least 1 order of magnitude lower @entity2 concentrations than the PGR, suggesting that the process underlying the IGR is more sensitive to auxin induction. In contrast to the magnitude of the @entity2 effect in dwarf seedlings, applied @entity2 only doubled the growth in tall seedlings. These results suggest that endogenous @entity2 is more growth limiting in dwarf plants than in tall plants, and that auxin promotes stem elongation in the intact plant probably by the same mechanism of action as in isolated stem segments. However, since dwarf plants to which @entity2 was applied failed to reach the growth rate of tall plants, auxin cannot be the only limiting factor for stem growth in @entity1 .

title: Magnitude and Kinetics of Stem Elongation Induced by Exogenous XXXX in Intact Light-Grown @entity1 Seedlings.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The CT examinations and medical records of 33 @entity0 with primary @entity1 were reviewed. Computed tomography findings were then compared with those from scans performed on 122 @entity0 with @entity4 who presented during the same time interval. @entity5 had three distinct CT appearances. Twenty-one @entity0 (64%) had large soft tissue masses. Seven @entity0 (21%) had masses with fatty density components, and five @entity0 (15%) had @entity1 that were primarily of water attenuation. With the exception of those @entity3 that contained recognizable fat, CT could not distinguish among the different cell types. Seventeen @entity0 with @entity4 had large dominant retroperitoneal soft tissue masses that resembled primary @entity1 . In most cases, however, CT was able to differentiate these @entity1 masses from @entity1 . Although 19 of 20 @entity2 of soft tissue attenuation were heterogeneous, only six of the 17 lymphomas presenting as dominant masses had such an appearance. Computed tomography is extremely helpful in initially evaluating @entity0 with @entity1 and in assisting the surgeon in planning his or her approach by accurately defining @entity1 extent.

title: Computed tomography of primary XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To further evaluate the reported interaction in animals and @entity0 between cardiopulmonary baroreflexes and the somatic pressor reflex, studies were performed in 16 normal @entity0 using direct measurements of efferent sympathetic nerve activity to muscle (microneurography) during sustained isometric handgrip (30% maximal @entity2 ). Forearm vasoconstrictor (plethysmography) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity responses to sustained handgrip were measured during cardiopulmonary baroreceptor deactivation (lower body negative pressure, n = 8) and activation (volume expansion, n = 8). In addition, responses to posthandgrip @entity1 were studied during these perturbations of cardiopulmonary baroreflexes. No evidence of an interaction between these two reflex pathways was found. When handgrip was performed during lower body negative pressure, the percent increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (+115 +/- 17%) was not different from the sum of the individual sympathetic responses to handgrip and lower body negative pressure performed separately (+106 +/- 19%, p = NS). Likewise, the change in forearm vascular resistance (+3.9 +/- 0.8 U) for sustained handgrip performed during lower body negative pressure was not different from the algebraic sum of the responses to handgrip and lower body negative pressure when these were performed separately (+4.7 +/- 2.7 U, p = NS). No difference was noted in forearm vasoconstrictor and sympathetic nerve activity responses to posthandgrip @entity1 and lower body negative pressure when these were performed alone or in combination. Volume expansion also failed to uncover an inhibitory interaction. Handgrip performed before volume expansion resulted in forearm vascular resistance responses (-1.2 +/- 0.9 U) that were not different from the responses when such handgrip was performed after volume infusion (+0.9 +/- 0.9 U, p = NS). Rather than producing the predicted inhibition of muscle sympathetic nerve activity responses to sustained handgrip, volume infusion actually increased these responses. During prevolume sustained handgrip, the increase in sympathetic nerve activity (+64.5 +/- 15.7%) was significantly less than the increase when handgrip was performed after volume infusion (+105.6 +/- 20.1%, p less than 0.01). A similar lack of inhibitory modulation was seen during posthandgrip @entity1 performed before and after volume expansion. These data indicate that the efferent sympathetic responses to the somatic pressor reflex are not modulated by the cardiopulmonary baroreflexes in normal @entity0 .

title: Cardiopulmonary baroreflexes fail to modulate sympathetic responses during isometric exercise in XXXX : direct evidence from microneurographic studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fasting followed by vegetarian diet has shown to be an effective treatment for @entity3 , moreover fasting is frequently used as an adjunctive treatment in @entity5 and stress/exhaustion syndromes. Data on well-being and the frequency of side effects during fasting are mostly retrospective. Mineral supplements are frequently used in order to compensate for fasting-induced tissue @entity4 and to reduce side effects. There are only limited data that support this practice. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of oral mineral supplements on common side effects and well-being during short-term fasting. @entity0 AND METHODS: 209 consecutive inpatients with @entity5 /exhaustion syndromes were recruited. In a controlled non-randomised study design all @entity0 underwent fasting (250 kcal; 3 l fluid intake/day) over 7 days, in study phase 1 without (n = 103) and in study phase 2 with (n = 106) concomitant prescription of standardised oral mineral supplements (3 x 2 to 3 x 3 Bullrich's Vital). Weight, blood pressure and urinary pH were recorded daily. Well-being and mood as well as common side effects (i.e. @entity6 , hunger, heart burn, @entity1 ) were assessed with standardised self-reports. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the 209 @entity0 (mean age 54.7 +/- 10.5 years; 83.3% female) were balanced. Both groups showed a fasting-induced decrease of blood pressure, a slight decrease in mood and well-being on days 3 and 4 with consecutive increase and moderate hunger, i.e. in the evening. Side effects and general tolerability of fasting as well as well-being and mood were not different between the groups. There were no serious side effects in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term fasting in inpatients with @entity2 and stress syndromes is safe and well tolerated, concomitant mineral supplements have no additive benefit.

title: [Short-term therapeutic fasting in the treatment of XXXX and @entity6 syndromes--well-being and side effects with and without mineral supplements].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fasting followed by vegetarian diet has shown to be an effective treatment for @entity3 , moreover fasting is frequently used as an adjunctive treatment in @entity5 and stress/exhaustion syndromes. Data on well-being and the frequency of side effects during fasting are mostly retrospective. Mineral supplements are frequently used in order to compensate for fasting-induced tissue @entity4 and to reduce side effects. There are only limited data that support this practice. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of oral mineral supplements on common side effects and well-being during short-term fasting. @entity0 AND METHODS: 209 consecutive inpatients with @entity5 /exhaustion syndromes were recruited. In a controlled non-randomised study design all @entity0 underwent fasting (250 kcal; 3 l fluid intake/day) over 7 days, in study phase 1 without (n = 103) and in study phase 2 with (n = 106) concomitant prescription of standardised oral mineral supplements (3 x 2 to 3 x 3 Bullrich's Vital). Weight, blood pressure and urinary pH were recorded daily. Well-being and mood as well as common side effects (i.e. @entity6 , hunger, heart burn, @entity1 ) were assessed with standardised self-reports. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the 209 @entity0 (mean age 54.7 +/- 10.5 years; 83.3% female) were balanced. Both groups showed a fasting-induced decrease of blood pressure, a slight decrease in mood and well-being on days 3 and 4 with consecutive increase and moderate hunger, i.e. in the evening. Side effects and general tolerability of fasting as well as well-being and mood were not different between the groups. There were no serious side effects in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term fasting in inpatients with @entity2 and stress syndromes is safe and well tolerated, concomitant mineral supplements have no additive benefit.

title: [Short-term therapeutic fasting in the treatment of @entity5 and XXXX syndromes--well-being and side effects with and without mineral supplements].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Nesiritide, a recombinant @entity0 B-type natriuretic peptide, is the first in a new drug class for the treatment of decompensated @entity8 . The drug binds to receptors in the vasculature, kidney, adrenal gland, and brain, and overcomes resistance to endogenous @entity15 present in @entity0 with CHF. Nesiritide administration leads to a rapid and balanced vasodilatory effect, which results in a significant decrease in right and left ventricular filling pressures and systemic vascular resistance and at the same time in an increase in @entity3 volume and cardiac output without a change in heart rate. These early hemodynamic changes result in a rapid improvement in symptoms of @entity8 . In addition, nesiritide lowers @entity12 , @entity14 , and @entity13 levels and its effect on the kidney leads to an increased natriuresis and diuresis without effect on serum @entity10 or renal function. Prior to its approval for clinical use, nesiritide was studied in 10 different clinical trials involving 941 @entity0 with moderate and severe CHF, including elderly @entity0 , @entity0 with both @entity5 , and @entity0 with @entity9 , @entity4 , and @entity2 . In comparative studies with available vasoactive therapies frequently used for treatment of @entity0 with decompensated @entity8 , nesiritide was proven comparable in efficacy to inotropic drugs such as @entity6 , but superior in safety. In a recent study, nesiritide was found to be more effective and better tolerated than the vasodilator, @entity11 . The most common side effects expected with the use of nesiritide are @entity1 and decrease in blood pressure. At the recommended dose of nesiritide, @entity1 was reported during the first 24 hours of treatment in 8% of @entity0 and symptomatic @entity7 in 4% of @entity0 , compared to 20% and 5% in @entity11 -treated @entity0 .

title: Nesiritide: a new drug for the treatment of decompensated XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity5 detected at diagnosis are recognized as important in predicting response to chemotherapy in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). However, there is controversy concerning the prognostic significance of karyotype for outcome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) performed in first complete remission ( @entity7 ). This single-institution report describes allo-BMT for @entity6 in @entity7 and the effect of diagnostic cytogenetic findings on the results of that treatment. Between August 1981 and December 1999, 93 @entity0 underwent related donor (n = 82) or unrelated donor (n = 11) BMT. Conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis were achieved predominantly with @entity4 and @entity2 and with @entity1 and @entity3 , respectively. Seventy-nine (85%) of 93 @entity0 had successful marrow karyotyping at diagnosis, and the @entity0 were categorized into 3 prognostic groups based on the British Medical Research Council @entity6 10 trial classification: 15 @entity0 (19%) were classified as having favorable risk [inv(16), t(8;2 1), t(15;17)]; 55 (70%) as having intermediate risk [no abnormality, +8, +21, +22, @entity8 ), del(9q), 11q23 rearrangement, and other numerical or structural abnormalities]; and 9 (11%) as having adverse risk [-5, del(5q), -7, 3q rearrangements, > or = 5 abnormalities, t(6;9), t(9;22)]. The median follow-up was 93 months (range, 16-241 months). The overall survival (OS) rate, event-free survival (EFS) rate, relapse rate, and treatment-related mortality (TRM) were not statistically different between the groups. The 5-year actuarial EFS rates for favorable, intermediate, and adverse risk groups were 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%-79%), 58% (95% CI, 43%-70%), and 67% (95% CI 28%-88%), respectively. Reclassification of @entity0 into cytogenetic prognostic subgroups according to Southwest Oncology Group criteria did not change these results. In univariate analysis, the only variable found to have a prognostic influence on OS (P = .04) and TRM (P = .03) was the type of donor (unrelated donor was linked to a worse prognosis), which was confirmed in multivariate analysis. Our study suggests that presentation karyotype has less prognostic significance for outcome following allo-BMT than for outcome following conventional chemotherapy. In particular, @entity6 @entity0 with poor prognostic cytogenetic changes in @entity7 who are unlikely to be cured with chemotherapy alone may benefit from allo-BMT.

title: Influence of cytogenetic abnormalities on outcome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for XXXX in first complete remission.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Omapatrilat, a new vasopeptidase inhibitor, inhibits the activity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 (NEP). Because these two enzymes participate in the degradation of the vasodilator and natriuretic peptide, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], we assessed whether omapatrilat treatment is associated with changes in the plasma and urinary excretion rates of the angiotensins. METHODS: We investigated in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) (0.24 kg body weight) the effect of omapatrilat on plasma and urinary concentrations of angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang II and Ang-(1-7) during 17 days of administration of either the drug (N = 15, 100 micromol/kg/day) or vehicle (N = 14) in the drinking water. Hemodynamic and renal excretory function studies were associated with histological examination of the expression of Ang-(1-7) in the kidneys of both vehicle and omapatrilat-treated SHRs. RESULTS: Omapatrilat induced a sustained lowering of systolic blood pressure (-68 mm Hg) without changes in cardiac rate. The mild positive water balance produced by omapatrilat did not cause natriuresis or kaliuresis, although it was associated with a significant decrease in urine osmolality. Blood pressure normalization was accompanied by increases in plasma Ang I (2969%), Ang II (57%), and Ang-(1-7) (163%) levels, paralleling pronounced increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7) but not Ang II. Detection of Ang-(1-7) immunostaining in the kidneys of five other SHR exposed either to vehicle (N = 3) or omapatrilat (N = 2) ascertained the source of the Ang-(1-7) found in the urine. Intense Ang-(1-7) staining, more pronounced in omapatrilat-treated SHR, was found in renal proximal tubules throughout the outer and inner regions of the renal cortex and the thick ascending loop of Henle, whereas no Ang-(1-7)-positive immunostaining was found in glomeruli and distal tubules. CONCLUSIONS: Omapatrilat antihypertensive effects caused significant activation of the renin-angiotensin system associated with increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7). Combined studies of Ang-(1-7) metabolism in urine and immunohistochemical studies in the kidney revealed the existence of an intrarenal source, which may account for the pronounced increase in the excretion rate of the vasodilator heptapeptide. These findings provide further evidence for a contribution of Ang-(1-7) to the regulation of renal function and blood pressure.

title: Vasopeptidase inhibition and Ang-(1-7) in the spontaneously XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Omapatrilat, a new vasopeptidase inhibitor, inhibits the activity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 (NEP). Because these two enzymes participate in the degradation of the vasodilator and natriuretic peptide, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], we assessed whether omapatrilat treatment is associated with changes in the plasma and urinary excretion rates of the angiotensins. METHODS: We investigated in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) (0.24 kg body weight) the effect of omapatrilat on plasma and urinary concentrations of angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang II and Ang-(1-7) during 17 days of administration of either the drug (N = 15, 100 micromol/kg/day) or vehicle (N = 14) in the drinking water. Hemodynamic and renal excretory function studies were associated with histological examination of the expression of Ang-(1-7) in the kidneys of both vehicle and omapatrilat-treated SHRs. RESULTS: Omapatrilat induced a sustained lowering of systolic blood pressure (-68 mm Hg) without changes in cardiac rate. The mild positive water balance produced by omapatrilat did not cause natriuresis or kaliuresis, although it was associated with a significant decrease in urine osmolality. Blood pressure normalization was accompanied by increases in plasma Ang I (2969%), Ang II (57%), and Ang-(1-7) (163%) levels, paralleling pronounced increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7) but not Ang II. Detection of Ang-(1-7) immunostaining in the kidneys of five other SHR exposed either to vehicle (N = 3) or omapatrilat (N = 2) ascertained the source of the Ang-(1-7) found in the urine. Intense Ang-(1-7) staining, more pronounced in omapatrilat-treated SHR, was found in renal proximal tubules throughout the outer and inner regions of the renal cortex and the thick ascending loop of Henle, whereas no Ang-(1-7)-positive immunostaining was found in glomeruli and distal tubules. CONCLUSIONS: Omapatrilat antihypertensive effects caused significant activation of the renin-angiotensin system associated with increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7). Combined studies of Ang-(1-7) metabolism in urine and immunohistochemical studies in the kidney revealed the existence of an intrarenal source, which may account for the pronounced increase in the excretion rate of the vasodilator heptapeptide. These findings provide further evidence for a contribution of Ang-(1-7) to the regulation of renal function and blood pressure.

title: Vasopeptidase inhibition and Ang-(1-7) in the spontaneously @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate long term visual outcome of treatment for @entity1 . METHODS: In a previous study, 44 @entity0 with unilateral @entity1 caused by strabismus or @entity2 were enrolled in a prospective study investigating the results of treatment. All @entity0 were regularly examined up to at least 8 years of age and outcome was evaluated. All subjects were invited to a re-examination and in total 26 subjects attended. Two of these were excluded because of insufficient records. The final sample consists of 24 subjects. Mean follow up time was 10.4 (SD 1.9) years. RESULTS: For the amblyopic eyes, 17% deteriorated in visual acuity, 50% were stable, and 33% gained in visual acuity. For the non-amblyopic eyes, 8% lost one line in visual acuity, 38% were stable, and 54% gained in visual acuity. No eye in any subject shifted more than 0.2 logMAR units. The increase in visual acuity for the non-amblyopic eyes was significant, while the increase for the amblyopic eyes was not. All straight eyed anisometropic amblyopes showed a distinct decrease in magnitude of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Visual acuity was essentially stable in the amblyopic eyes 10 years after cessation of treatment in the studied population.

title: Long term visual outcome in XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity1