abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of HLA typing in preventing @entity3 . METHODS: This retrospective single-center study analyzed 459 consecutive HLA-typed @entity0 who underwent perforating keratoplasty (PKP) between 1983 and 2001. Grafts were postoperatively transparent after donor-recipient selection by @entity2 typing. @entity0 were divided into a low- and a high-risk group based on their preoperative diagnosis. RESULTS: The estimated 1-, 5- and 10-year graft survival (Kaplan-Meier) was 93, 88 and 67% in low-risk @entity0 and 73, 43 and 38% in high-risk @entity0 . We found a significant correlation between the number of HLA mismatches and the rate of allograft rejections: a donor-recipient match of two or more alleles in @entity2 reduces the rejection rate by at least 10% in low-risk (10 years after PKP; P<0.04) and 40% in high-risk @entity0 (3 years after PKP; P<0.0001). Especially @entity1 mismatches are important prognostic factors for both low- ( P<0.008) and high-risk @entity0 ( P<0.003). Considering both @entity1 mismatches significantly reduces the rate of allograft rejection, particularly in high-risk @entity0 ( P<0.0001). Matching on a split typing level offers no significant advantage over broad level matching. CONCLUSION: Clinical results confirm theories developed to explain the function of the HLA (MHC) receptor. The closest possible donor-recipient match of HLA antigens based on broad level typing significantly reduces the rate of allograft rejection and thus improves the prognosis for long-term transparency of corneal grafts in both high- and low-risk @entity0 .

title: HLA-A, @entity1 and HLA-DR matching reduces the rate of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of HLA typing in preventing @entity3 . METHODS: This retrospective single-center study analyzed 459 consecutive HLA-typed @entity0 who underwent perforating keratoplasty (PKP) between 1983 and 2001. Grafts were postoperatively transparent after donor-recipient selection by @entity2 typing. @entity0 were divided into a low- and a high-risk group based on their preoperative diagnosis. RESULTS: The estimated 1-, 5- and 10-year graft survival (Kaplan-Meier) was 93, 88 and 67% in low-risk @entity0 and 73, 43 and 38% in high-risk @entity0 . We found a significant correlation between the number of HLA mismatches and the rate of allograft rejections: a donor-recipient match of two or more alleles in @entity2 reduces the rejection rate by at least 10% in low-risk (10 years after PKP; P<0.04) and 40% in high-risk @entity0 (3 years after PKP; P<0.0001). Especially @entity1 mismatches are important prognostic factors for both low- ( P<0.008) and high-risk @entity0 ( P<0.003). Considering both @entity1 mismatches significantly reduces the rate of allograft rejection, particularly in high-risk @entity0 ( P<0.0001). Matching on a split typing level offers no significant advantage over broad level matching. CONCLUSION: Clinical results confirm theories developed to explain the function of the HLA (MHC) receptor. The closest possible donor-recipient match of HLA antigens based on broad level typing significantly reduces the rate of allograft rejection and thus improves the prognosis for long-term transparency of corneal grafts in both high- and low-risk @entity0 .

title: HLA-A, XXXX and HLA-DR matching reduces the rate of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reamed intramedullary nailing, recommended for impending @entity1 of a femur weakened by bone @entity0 , causes a rise in intramedullary pressure and increases the risk of a fat @entity2 . The pressure can be equalized by the technique of venting--drilling a hole into the distal cortex of the femur. Our objective was to study the current practice of orthopedic surgeons in Ontario with respect to venting during prophylactic intramedullary nailing for an impending @entity3 due to bone @entity0 . METHODS: We mailed a questionnaire to all orthopedic surgeons from the Province of Ontario listed in the 1999 Canadian Medical Directory or on the Canadian Orthopaedic Association membership list, asking if they vent when prophylactically nailing an impending pathologic @entity3 . The responses were modelled as a function of surgeon volume and year of graduation. RESULTS: Of the 415 surveys mailed, 223 (54%) surgeons responded. Of these, 81% reported having prophylactically treated a femoral metastatic lesion during the previous year; 67% treated 1 to 3 metastatic lesions and 14% treated more than 3; 19% did not treat a metastatic femoral lesion prophylactically. Over two-thirds of surgeons had never considered venting, whereas one-third always or sometimes vented the femoral canal. More recent graduates were 3 times more likely to vent than earlier (before 1980) graduates (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-6.5) as were those who treat a greater number of impending @entity1 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a theoretical rationale for routine venting, there is disagreement among Ontario orthopedic surgeons regarding the use of this technique during prophylactic nailing for femoral metastatic lesions. Prospective evidence will be required to warrant a change in the standard of care.

title: Venting during prophylactic nailing for femoral XXXX : current orthopedic practice.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study investigated whether @entity5 can improve @entity0 zone blood flow and function when its infusion is delayed following left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion. @entity5 (200 micrograms/min, 11 @entity1 ) or saline (six @entity1 ) was infused for 2 hours starting 2 hours after occlusion. Regional @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was measured (9 +/- 1 micron radioactive microspheres) before and at 2 and 4 hours after occlusion. Segmental contraction was determined by cineroentgenography of implanted @entity7 markers. For all @entity0 samples (defined as @entity2 less than or equal to 0.4 ml/min/gm), the average improvement in @entity2 in the epicardial half (EPI) was 0.05 +/- 0.02 ml/min/gm (mean +/- SEM) with @entity5 vs 0.06 +/- 0.06 with saline (p greater than 0.5). Improvement in the endocardial half (ENDO) averaged 0.03 +/- 0.03 ml/min/gm with @entity5 vs 0.09 +/- 0.08 with saline (p = 0.5). Contraction in the @entity0 zone ceased following occlusion and was unaffected by @entity5 or saline. Control blood flows in the @entity0 region were 22% less in the ENDO (p less than 0.001) and 19% less in the EPI (p less than 0.005) than in nonischemic myocardium. These results indicate that 2 hours after @entity3 in @entity1 , @entity5 was unable to improve @entity0 zone collateral flow or contractile function compared to untreated controls. Lower @entity0 zone control flows indicate that @entity4 volume expansion may occur within 4 hours after @entity6 .

title: Failure of XXXX introduced after prolonged myocardial ischemia to improve collateral blood flow and function in tranquilized @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study investigated whether @entity5 can improve @entity0 zone blood flow and function when its infusion is delayed following left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion. @entity5 (200 micrograms/min, 11 @entity1 ) or saline (six @entity1 ) was infused for 2 hours starting 2 hours after occlusion. Regional @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was measured (9 +/- 1 micron radioactive microspheres) before and at 2 and 4 hours after occlusion. Segmental contraction was determined by cineroentgenography of implanted @entity7 markers. For all @entity0 samples (defined as @entity2 less than or equal to 0.4 ml/min/gm), the average improvement in @entity2 in the epicardial half (EPI) was 0.05 +/- 0.02 ml/min/gm (mean +/- SEM) with @entity5 vs 0.06 +/- 0.06 with saline (p greater than 0.5). Improvement in the endocardial half (ENDO) averaged 0.03 +/- 0.03 ml/min/gm with @entity5 vs 0.09 +/- 0.08 with saline (p = 0.5). Contraction in the @entity0 zone ceased following occlusion and was unaffected by @entity5 or saline. Control blood flows in the @entity0 region were 22% less in the ENDO (p less than 0.001) and 19% less in the EPI (p less than 0.005) than in nonischemic myocardium. These results indicate that 2 hours after @entity3 in @entity1 , @entity5 was unable to improve @entity0 zone collateral flow or contractile function compared to untreated controls. Lower @entity0 zone control flows indicate that @entity4 volume expansion may occur within 4 hours after @entity6 .

title: Failure of @entity5 introduced after prolonged myocardial ischemia to improve collateral blood flow and function in tranquilized XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) antigens are ideal vaccine targets since their expression is restricted in adult tissues to testicular germ cells and a subset of @entity1 . The frequency of @entity2 (TCCs) of @entity5 , the most immunogenic @entity1 antigen to date, and its closely related gene @entity6 was studied. @entity5 and @entity6 antigen expression were found to occur frequently in high-grade TCC @entity1 . On an MSKCC IRB-approved protocol, 68 @entity0 specimens were collected prospectively at the time of transurethral resection or cystectomy, of which 43 were read pathologically as high-grade @entity1 (pCIS, pTaG3, @entity4 , pT2, @entity3 , and pT4), 8 as @entity1 (pTaG1, pTaG2), and 17 as disease-free samples. These 68 samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or RT-PCR. There were also an additional 53 paraffin-embedded specimens studied retrospectively by IHC, of which 39 were high-grade @entity1 and 14 were @entity1 . Cumulatively, our data indicate that @entity5 and/or @entity6 are expressed in 39/82 (48%) high-grade TCC and 3/22 (14%) low-grade TCC samples when analyzed by RT-PCR and/or IHC. Immunological assessment of these @entity0 ' sera identified one @entity0 , whose @entity1 homogeneously expressed @entity5 , which had detectable antibodies against @entity5 and @entity6 . Further analysis of this @entity0 , who remains clinically without evidence of disease 24 months after cystectomy for high-grade pT4 disease, revealed T-cell immunity against @entity5 . This @entity0 's T-cell response was determined to be specific for a new @entity5 epitope, p94-102, in the context of HLA-B35.

title: Frequency of XXXX and @entity6 expression in bladder cancer and evidence of a new @entity5 T-cell epitope in a @entity0 with bladder cancer.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) antigens are ideal vaccine targets since their expression is restricted in adult tissues to testicular germ cells and a subset of @entity1 . The frequency of @entity2 (TCCs) of @entity5 , the most immunogenic @entity1 antigen to date, and its closely related gene @entity6 was studied. @entity5 and @entity6 antigen expression were found to occur frequently in high-grade TCC @entity1 . On an MSKCC IRB-approved protocol, 68 @entity0 specimens were collected prospectively at the time of transurethral resection or cystectomy, of which 43 were read pathologically as high-grade @entity1 (pCIS, pTaG3, @entity4 , pT2, @entity3 , and pT4), 8 as @entity1 (pTaG1, pTaG2), and 17 as disease-free samples. These 68 samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or RT-PCR. There were also an additional 53 paraffin-embedded specimens studied retrospectively by IHC, of which 39 were high-grade @entity1 and 14 were @entity1 . Cumulatively, our data indicate that @entity5 and/or @entity6 are expressed in 39/82 (48%) high-grade TCC and 3/22 (14%) low-grade TCC samples when analyzed by RT-PCR and/or IHC. Immunological assessment of these @entity0 ' sera identified one @entity0 , whose @entity1 homogeneously expressed @entity5 , which had detectable antibodies against @entity5 and @entity6 . Further analysis of this @entity0 , who remains clinically without evidence of disease 24 months after cystectomy for high-grade pT4 disease, revealed T-cell immunity against @entity5 . This @entity0 's T-cell response was determined to be specific for a new @entity5 epitope, p94-102, in the context of HLA-B35.

title: Frequency of @entity5 and @entity6 expression in bladder cancer and evidence of a new XXXX T-cell epitope in a @entity0 with bladder cancer.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) antigens are ideal vaccine targets since their expression is restricted in adult tissues to testicular germ cells and a subset of @entity1 . The frequency of @entity2 (TCCs) of @entity5 , the most immunogenic @entity1 antigen to date, and its closely related gene @entity6 was studied. @entity5 and @entity6 antigen expression were found to occur frequently in high-grade TCC @entity1 . On an MSKCC IRB-approved protocol, 68 @entity0 specimens were collected prospectively at the time of transurethral resection or cystectomy, of which 43 were read pathologically as high-grade @entity1 (pCIS, pTaG3, @entity4 , pT2, @entity3 , and pT4), 8 as @entity1 (pTaG1, pTaG2), and 17 as disease-free samples. These 68 samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or RT-PCR. There were also an additional 53 paraffin-embedded specimens studied retrospectively by IHC, of which 39 were high-grade @entity1 and 14 were @entity1 . Cumulatively, our data indicate that @entity5 and/or @entity6 are expressed in 39/82 (48%) high-grade TCC and 3/22 (14%) low-grade TCC samples when analyzed by RT-PCR and/or IHC. Immunological assessment of these @entity0 ' sera identified one @entity0 , whose @entity1 homogeneously expressed @entity5 , which had detectable antibodies against @entity5 and @entity6 . Further analysis of this @entity0 , who remains clinically without evidence of disease 24 months after cystectomy for high-grade pT4 disease, revealed T-cell immunity against @entity5 . This @entity0 's T-cell response was determined to be specific for a new @entity5 epitope, p94-102, in the context of HLA-B35.

title: Frequency of @entity5 and XXXX expression in bladder cancer and evidence of a new @entity5 T-cell epitope in a @entity0 with bladder cancer.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) antigens are ideal vaccine targets since their expression is restricted in adult tissues to testicular germ cells and a subset of @entity1 . The frequency of @entity2 (TCCs) of @entity5 , the most immunogenic @entity1 antigen to date, and its closely related gene @entity6 was studied. @entity5 and @entity6 antigen expression were found to occur frequently in high-grade TCC @entity1 . On an MSKCC IRB-approved protocol, 68 @entity0 specimens were collected prospectively at the time of transurethral resection or cystectomy, of which 43 were read pathologically as high-grade @entity1 (pCIS, pTaG3, @entity4 , pT2, @entity3 , and pT4), 8 as @entity1 (pTaG1, pTaG2), and 17 as disease-free samples. These 68 samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or RT-PCR. There were also an additional 53 paraffin-embedded specimens studied retrospectively by IHC, of which 39 were high-grade @entity1 and 14 were @entity1 . Cumulatively, our data indicate that @entity5 and/or @entity6 are expressed in 39/82 (48%) high-grade TCC and 3/22 (14%) low-grade TCC samples when analyzed by RT-PCR and/or IHC. Immunological assessment of these @entity0 ' sera identified one @entity0 , whose @entity1 homogeneously expressed @entity5 , which had detectable antibodies against @entity5 and @entity6 . Further analysis of this @entity0 , who remains clinically without evidence of disease 24 months after cystectomy for high-grade pT4 disease, revealed T-cell immunity against @entity5 . This @entity0 's T-cell response was determined to be specific for a new @entity5 epitope, p94-102, in the context of HLA-B35.

title: Frequency of @entity5 and @entity6 expression in bladder cancer and evidence of a new @entity5 T-cell epitope in a XXXX with bladder cancer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We analyzed the change in the ERG rod a-wave waveform during the course of dark adaptation in two @entity0 with @entity3 . Two Japanese @entity0 showed a homozygous arrestin @entity4 mutation. Scotopic flash ERGs were recorded after different periods of dark adaptation. ERG rod a-waves were obtained after subtraction of the cone ERG contribution. The rod a-waves were fitted with a model of the rod receptor signal. The parameters, @entity2 (maximum a-wave amplitude) and S (sensitivity) were calculated. Longer periods in the dark produced larger rod a-wave but only to the first flash presented. The amplitude of the response to subsequent flashes was essentially independent of the period of dark adaptation. @entity2 increased with advance of dark adaptation. However, S was nearly constant. Our results suggest that the cause of delayed dark adaptation is not to be sought in the activation of phototransduction process or the regeneration of @entity1 per se but rather in the deactivation process of the phototransduction cascade.

title: ERG rod a-wave in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7 are a rare cause of @entity3 and @entity4 . Surgical treatment is directed at complete excision of the cyst. We used minimally invasive surgical techniques for a series of @entity0 , to assess the effectiveness of this approach for resection of @entity7 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 (10 female and 7 male @entity0 ) with presumed @entity7 , as indicated on magnetic resonance imaging scans, underwent surgical resection with the 18-mm METRx tubular retractor system (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, @entity6 ). A unilateral approach was used, with either an operating @entity5 (13 cases) or a magnifying endoscope (4 cases), depending on the preference of the surgeon. Outcomes were reported by using modified MacNab criteria. RESULTS: The average @entity0 age was 64 years (range, 46-82 yr). The L4-L5 level was most commonly affected (82% of cases). Grade 1 spondylolisthesis at the level harboring the synovial cyst was observed for 47% of the @entity0 ; all cases of spondylolisthesis involved the L4-L5 level. The mean operative time was 97 minutes, and the average @entity2 was 35 ml. Excellent or good results were achieved for 94% of the @entity0 . A dural tear that did not violate the arachnoid membrane occurred during surgery for one @entity0 but did not require further treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity7 can be effectively treated with a tubular retractor system in conjunction with an endoscope or @entity5 . Use of the tubular retractor minimizes soft-tissue @entity1 , incision length, @entity2 , and disruption of ligamentous and bony structures. This may be particularly significant when @entity7 are associated with spondylolisthesis, minimizing the risk of progressive instability and the need for fusion.

title: Minimally invasive surgical treatment of lumbar XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to use a minimally invasive endoscopic surgical technique in a @entity3 model to evaluate the efficacy of an osteoinductive growth factor, recombinant @entity0 @entity4 (also designated MP52), and an osteoconductive matrix formulation (Healos; DePuy AcroMed, Inc., Mountain View, CA) for inducing and facilitating bone formation. METHODS: Twelve mature @entity3 underwent bilateral posterolateral lumbar fusion and pedicle screw fixation via a posterior endoscopic approach. Each @entity3 received two different types of graft material, autogenous iliac crest bone, or a bone graft substitute (MP52 with Healos), inserted into the right and left sides of the spine in an alternating fashion. Groups of four @entity3 were killed at 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively for manual, radiographic, and histological evaluation. RESULTS: No @entity1 , @entity2 , or other complications were observed. After 2 months, partial fusion on both sides was observed, but radiographic evaluation showed greater bone growth on the side that received the bone graft substitute. Solid posterolateral fusion was observed in both autograft and bone graft substitute sites at 4 and 6 months, and autograft and Healos MP52 fusion sites were essentially the same at histological examination. There was no abnormal overgrowth of new bone from either of these two materials. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis and instrumentation is feasible, safe, and effective in a @entity3 model. Healos is a useful bonding agent that mimics natural bone in posterolateral intertransverse fusion sites. Combined with MP52, it produced fusion comparable to that of autogenous bone graft. Minimally invasive techniques and bone graft substitutes could eliminate morbidity and increase the likelihood of successful fusion.

title: Endoscopic instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion with Healos and recombinant @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to use a minimally invasive endoscopic surgical technique in a @entity3 model to evaluate the efficacy of an osteoinductive growth factor, recombinant @entity0 @entity4 (also designated MP52), and an osteoconductive matrix formulation (Healos; DePuy AcroMed, Inc., Mountain View, CA) for inducing and facilitating bone formation. METHODS: Twelve mature @entity3 underwent bilateral posterolateral lumbar fusion and pedicle screw fixation via a posterior endoscopic approach. Each @entity3 received two different types of graft material, autogenous iliac crest bone, or a bone graft substitute (MP52 with Healos), inserted into the right and left sides of the spine in an alternating fashion. Groups of four @entity3 were killed at 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively for manual, radiographic, and histological evaluation. RESULTS: No @entity1 , @entity2 , or other complications were observed. After 2 months, partial fusion on both sides was observed, but radiographic evaluation showed greater bone growth on the side that received the bone graft substitute. Solid posterolateral fusion was observed in both autograft and bone graft substitute sites at 4 and 6 months, and autograft and Healos MP52 fusion sites were essentially the same at histological examination. There was no abnormal overgrowth of new bone from either of these two materials. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis and instrumentation is feasible, safe, and effective in a @entity3 model. Healos is a useful bonding agent that mimics natural bone in posterolateral intertransverse fusion sites. Combined with MP52, it produced fusion comparable to that of autogenous bone graft. Minimally invasive techniques and bone graft substitutes could eliminate morbidity and increase the likelihood of successful fusion.

title: Endoscopic instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion with Healos and recombinant XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been evaluated in both preclinical and clinical immunotherapy protocols as a potential therapy for @entity4 . However, delivery of IL-12 in the form of recombinant protein can result in severe @entity3 , and gene therapy has had limited success against B16.F10 @entity2 @entity4 . This study investigated the therapeutic effect of delivering a plasmid encoding IL-12 followed by electroporation on primary and secondary @entity1 . Three treatments of intratumoral (i.t.) plasmid injection and electroporation resulted in 80% of @entity2 with B16.F10 @entity4 being @entity1 free for >100 days (cure). The "cured animals" were resistant to challenge with B16 cells. In a separate experiment, B16 cells were injected on the opposite flank of the treated @entity1 on the day of treatment. Eighty-seven percent of control @entity2 developed a distant @entity1 while only 43.8% of @entity2 receiving two or three i.t. electroporation treatments developed a distant @entity1 . For examination of @entity1 development in the lungs, @entity2 were injected intravenously with @entity2 cells then treated with i.m. injections of plasmid with or without electroporation. Only 37.5% of @entity2 receiving i.m. injections and electroporation developed nodules in the lungs compared to 87.5% of @entity2 in the no-treatment group. The results show that administration of a plasmid encoding IL-12 with electroporation has a therapeutic effect on @entity1 as well as distant @entity1 and @entity0 .

title: IL-12 gene therapy using an electrically mediated nonviral approach reduces metastatic growth of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In @entity0 endothelial cell conditioned medium a fast-acting inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase has been detected. Moreover, an inactive inhibitor of these plasminogen activators is present, that can be activated by denaturing agents such as @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The mutual relationship between these inhibitors was studied. The fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor from @entity0 endothelial cell conditioned medium was purified in a complex with tissue-type plasminogen activator by immune adsorption, using an immobilized anti-tissue-type plasminogen activator antibody. With the complex as an antigen, specific antibodies were raised against this inhibitor in rabbits. The antiserum immunoreacted with both the inactive and the fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor. Endothelial cell conditioned medium (containing the inactive plasminogen activator inhibitor) was treated with @entity1 and the inhibitory activity that emerged was purified. The @entity1 -generated product formed complexes with tissue-type plasminogen activator with the same molecular mass as those formed with the fast-acting inhibitor. Moreover, the inhibitory activity generated by @entity1 treatment showed the same kinetic behaviour with tissue-type plasminogen activator as did the fast-acting inhibitor. These data show that the fast-acting and the inactive plasminogen activator inhibitor are immunologically and functionally related to each other, and probably represent different molecular forms of the same protein.

title: The active and the inactive plasminogen activator inhibitor from XXXX endothelial cell conditioned medium are immunologically and functionally related to each other.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The influence of storage conditions on the total and free concentration of @entity0 ( @entity3 ) was studied in six normal male subjects who ingested 750 mg of @entity3 (3 X 250 mg @entity0 capsules; Abbott Laboratories). Blood samples were collected in various types of Vacutainer tubes (red top, no additives; green top, @entity2 heparin; blue top, @entity4 ; and purple top, @entity1 ) 2 h post administration of @entity3 . Either these samples were centrifuged immediately or stored for various periods of time at room temperature or refrigerated, or the supernate was frozen prior to analysis. Free @entity3 samples were obtained utilizing the Amicon ultrafiltration system. All @entity3 samples were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Total @entity3 concentrations obtained from plasma collected with @entity4 were lower (p less than 0.05) than either serum or plasma collected with other anticoagulants. There were no differences (p greater than 0.05) in total or free @entity3 concentrations between samples collected in serum or in plasma collected with heparin or @entity1 . Storing samples for 96 h at room temperature did not alter the total @entity3 concentrations but was found to increase the free fraction of @entity3 (p less than 0.05). The refrigeration or freezing of the supernate from the blood samples for 7 days did not alter (p greater than 0.05) the total or the free fraction of @entity3 . The results of this study demonstrate that total and/or free @entity3 may be collected from either serum or plasma, provided @entity4 is not used to collect plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of tube type, storage time, and temperature on the total and free concentration of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 is a selective @entity4 receptor modulator (SERM) with pro- and anti-estrogenic properties. Currently it is the most widely used agent for first line treatment against hormone sensitive metastatic @entity0 and the only approved hormonal agent for adjuvant treatment of organ confined @entity0 . Furthermore, its uses have been extended for the treatment of @entity0 @entity1 . In such settings the most worrisome side effect of @entity7 is its ability to increase the rates of uterine @entity2 . It has been claimed that most of these @entity2 are found at an early stage because of @entity8 . Moreover, it has been shown that for most @entity1 transvaginal ultrasound is an ineffective screening method for the early detection of uterine @entity5 . It is important, however, to notice that long term @entity7 treatment can cause metastatic @entity2 but also @entity6 (mainly malignant mixed @entity2 . It should be noted that, at least for the special population of @entity9 mutation carriers, transvaginal ultrasound can increase our ability for the earlier @entity3 . Thus, we believe that there is still a place for the use of transvaginal ultrasound in special populations. This is specifically for long term @entity7 users (more than the usually recommended five years), @entity1 with a higher chance of having uterine @entity5 (namely very high body weight, strong family history) and @entity1 with a high index of suspicion as carriers of a @entity9 mutation. Until new second generation SERMs and aromatase inhibitors are shown to possess better anti- @entity2 abilities than @entity7 , this drug will remain in wide use, however, we must not overlook its possible rare side effects.

title: [ @entity7 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 is a selective @entity4 receptor modulator (SERM) with pro- and anti-estrogenic properties. Currently it is the most widely used agent for first line treatment against hormone sensitive metastatic @entity0 and the only approved hormonal agent for adjuvant treatment of organ confined @entity0 . Furthermore, its uses have been extended for the treatment of @entity0 @entity1 . In such settings the most worrisome side effect of @entity7 is its ability to increase the rates of uterine @entity2 . It has been claimed that most of these @entity2 are found at an early stage because of @entity8 . Moreover, it has been shown that for most @entity1 transvaginal ultrasound is an ineffective screening method for the early detection of uterine @entity5 . It is important, however, to notice that long term @entity7 treatment can cause metastatic @entity2 but also @entity6 (mainly malignant mixed @entity2 . It should be noted that, at least for the special population of @entity9 mutation carriers, transvaginal ultrasound can increase our ability for the earlier @entity3 . Thus, we believe that there is still a place for the use of transvaginal ultrasound in special populations. This is specifically for long term @entity7 users (more than the usually recommended five years), @entity1 with a higher chance of having uterine @entity5 (namely very high body weight, strong family history) and @entity1 with a high index of suspicion as carriers of a @entity9 mutation. Until new second generation SERMs and aromatase inhibitors are shown to possess better anti- @entity2 abilities than @entity7 , this drug will remain in wide use, however, we must not overlook its possible rare side effects.

title: [ XXXX and @entity0 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: In Hungary, the incidence of @entity0 , the fourth leading cause of @entity3 among @entity1 , almost doubled in every age group during the period 1970-94. Hungary has instituted a mass screening project in response to this situation. Screening for @entity0 is combined with screening for @entity4 , and manual breast examination is now a routine part of every gynecological examination. @entity1 are also being trained to examine their own breasts for changes. Treatment for @entity0 consists of total or partial mastectomy with removal of the axillar lymph nodes if necessary. Radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy are also available. Data on @entity2 gathered in 1988 indicate that morbidity is 26.7-28.3/100,000 and that the @entity3 rate has not changed in the past 25 years. The incidence of @entity2 has increased dramatically, however, in the population aged between 15 and 39 years and over 80 years. Gynecologists usually provide routine screening for @entity2 using oncocytology or, where available, colposcopic examination. @entity1 must be informed about the importance of screening for early detection and treatment of @entity2 .

title: Screening for XXXX in Europe. Hungary.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Immigrants have been settling in Sweden for the past 150 years, with, until recently, the majority arriving from European countries, including Greece and @entity1 . However, over the past 2 decades, there has been a considerable and rapid influx of migrants and refugees from Latin America, the Middle East, southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. By December, 10.5% of Sweden's population was comprised of first-generation immigrants. The arrival of non-European immigrants to Sweden in latter years led to the development of restrictions in immigration policy, with many newcomers refused asylum or granted only temporary leave to stay. 16 cities are involved in the Multi-City Action Project on @entity3 , a European healthy city project launched in 1990 to strengthen local @entity2 / @entity3 prevention and treatment. The action group on Blacks and other ethnic minorities is coordinated by Gothenburg. @entity0 of foreign origin account for 42% of all registered @entity2 / @entity3 cases in Sweden. Local health authorities Involved in @entity2 / @entity3 prevention and treatment need to work together with immigrants to develop effective services, tailored to the specific needs of each community, with communities encouraged to develop their own projects. Relevant, up-to-date, and culturally appropriate information on @entity2 / @entity3 prevention also needs to be made readily available to all, with a range of health education methods developed which are relevant and acceptable to diverse communities. Experience in Gothenburg has shown that it is not easy to raise awareness among diverse communities, although immigrant @entity0 are very committed to safeguarding their own and their families' health.

title: Multicultural health promotion: are we getting it right? XXXX - STDs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This experimental trial was devised to assess whether selective beta3-adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation and simultaneous blockade of alpha2-AR would affect thermoregulation. With this purpose, the individual and combined administration of a beta-AR agonist, @entity3 , and an alpha2-AR antagonist, @entity0 , were evaluated. @entity0 produced a marked decrease (p < 0.001) in body temperature one hour after administration (5 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and blocked the thermogenic effect of @entity3 (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) when simultaneously administered. Uncoupling protein-2 expression in skeletal muscle was downregulated (p < 0.05) by @entity3 , while @entity0 had no effect. White adipose tissue @entity1 and muscle @entity2 were not modified by either @entity3 or @entity0 administration. Liver @entity1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased by @entity0 (p < 0.05). However, this downregulation does not seem to explain the reduction in temperature produced by @entity0 given the fact that @entity3 produced a similar downregulation of hepatic @entity1 (p < 0.05). The present work indicates that alpha2-AR antagonism blocks the thermogenic effects mediated by beta3-AR stimulation, contrary to our expectations, suggesting a possible interplay between both mechanisms. Moreover, these effects are not apparently explained by changes in @entity1 and @entity2 .

title: Interactions between an alpha2-adrenergic antagonist and a beta3-adrenergic agonist on the expression of @entity1 and XXXX in rats.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This experimental trial was devised to assess whether selective beta3-adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation and simultaneous blockade of alpha2-AR would affect thermoregulation. With this purpose, the individual and combined administration of a beta-AR agonist, @entity3 , and an alpha2-AR antagonist, @entity0 , were evaluated. @entity0 produced a marked decrease (p < 0.001) in body temperature one hour after administration (5 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and blocked the thermogenic effect of @entity3 (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) when simultaneously administered. Uncoupling protein-2 expression in skeletal muscle was downregulated (p < 0.05) by @entity3 , while @entity0 had no effect. White adipose tissue @entity1 and muscle @entity2 were not modified by either @entity3 or @entity0 administration. Liver @entity1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased by @entity0 (p < 0.05). However, this downregulation does not seem to explain the reduction in temperature produced by @entity0 given the fact that @entity3 produced a similar downregulation of hepatic @entity1 (p < 0.05). The present work indicates that alpha2-AR antagonism blocks the thermogenic effects mediated by beta3-AR stimulation, contrary to our expectations, suggesting a possible interplay between both mechanisms. Moreover, these effects are not apparently explained by changes in @entity1 and @entity2 .

title: Interactions between an alpha2-adrenergic antagonist and a beta3-adrenergic agonist on the expression of XXXX and @entity2 in rats.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: One area of concern within the largely successful UK National Health Service breast screening programme is the relatively high proportion of @entity0 showing @entity3 who undergo further diagnostic tests that prove negative. Previous studies suggest that, in addition to increasing @entity2 , such false-positive mammography is associated with increased risk of subsequent interval @entity1 . In the present article, we quantify this increased risk, investigate whether it extends to @entity1 detected at rescreening, and determine whether @entity1 differ between @entity0 who have, and have not, experienced false-positive mammography. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 140,387 @entity0 aged 49-63 years routinely invited for first screening by the East Anglian National Health Service breast screening programme. Proportions reattending, and subsequent risk and pathological attributes of @entity1 were compared between @entity0 who underwent further (negative) assessment following false-positive mammography and @entity0 mammographically normal at first screen. RESULTS: At first screen, 108,617 (91.9%) of the screened @entity0 were mammographically normal, 4278 (3.6%) were assessed and then judged normal, and 514 (0.4%) underwent benign biopsy. Compared with nonassessed normal @entity0 , reattendance was lower among assessed @entity0 : 83.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.0-84.1) versus 85.7% (95% CI, 85.5-85.9) (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89). Assessed @entity0 were at greater risk of interval @entity1 (rate per 1000 @entity0 screened, 9.6 [95% CI, 6.8-12.4] versus 3.0 [95% CI, 2.7-3.4]; OR, 3.19 [95% CI, 2.34-4.35]), and also of @entity1 detected at second screen (rate per 1000, 8.4 [95% CI, 5.8-10.9] versus 3.9 [95% CI, 3.5-4.3]; OR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.55-2.98]). More @entity1 in assessed @entity0 measured >or = 20 mm (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.99-2.55). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 undergoing false-positive mammography at first screen were less likely to reattend for subsequent screens than were nonassessed @entity0 , yet they were more likely to develop @entity1 or @entity1 at second screen, and their @entity1 were larger. Factors predisposing for false-positive mammography require investigation. @entity0 should be encouraged to continue with screening.

title: Impact of false-positive mammography on subsequent screening attendance and risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Little biochemical information is available on @entity3 metabolism in developing canola ( @entity4 .) silique (pod) wall and seed tissues. This research examines the @entity3 contents and @entity1 (Suc) metabolic enzyme activities in different aged silique wall and seed tissues during oil filling. The silique wall partitioned photosynthate into Suc over starch and predominantly accumulated @entity5 . The silique wall @entity5 content and soluble acid invertase activity rapidly fell as embryos progressed from the early- to late-cotyledon developmental stages. A similar trend was not evident for alkaline invertase, Suc synthase (SuSy), and Suc- @entity2 synthase. Silique wall SuSy activities were much higher than source leaves at all times and may serve to supply the substrate for secondary cell wall thickening. In young seeds starch was the predominant accumulated @entity3 over the sampled developmental range. Seed @entity5 levels dropped as embryos developed from the early- to midcotyledon stage. @entity5 and starch were localized to the testa or liquid endosperm, whereas Suc was evenly distributed among seed components. With the switch to oil accumulation, seed SuSy activity increased by 3.6-fold and soluble acid invertase activity decreased by 76%. These data provide valuable baseline knowledge for the genetic manipulation of canola seed @entity0 partitioning.

title: XXXX Content and Enzyme Metabolism in Developing Canola Siliques.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Growth patterns of @entity8 are related to the @entity9 . Localization and surgical @entity5 are decisive for the outcome to be expected. @entity0 AND METHODS: n = 25 @entity0 (22 f, 3 m), aged from 26-77 (mean: 56.4) years underwent microsurgical removal of their tentorial @entity8 . @entity1 size was as follows: n = 11 < 3 cm, n = 6 3-5 cm, n = 8 > 5 cm. The median of the preoperative Karnofsky scores was 90. The operative approaches chosen were suboccipital in n = 14, subtemporal in n = 6, occasionally a combined supra- and infratentorial approach was chosen. Data regarding surgery, histology and postoperative course were available through the @entity0 's charts and through outpatient clinic. RESULTS: n = 20 (80%) of the @entity1 were rated WHO grade I, n = 5 (20%) WHO grade II. @entity1 removal according to Simpson was degrees I in n = 9 (36%), degrees II in n = 14 (56%), degrees III in n = 2 (8%). Mortality was 0%. In n = 6 @entity0 (24%) neurological worsening, mainly due to transient @entity4 was noted. @entity7 (CSF @entity6 , wound healing problems) occurred in n = 5 @entity0 (20%). The median of the postoperative Karnofsky scores on last follow up was 90 after a median of 41.9 months. Two @entity0 (8%), one of whom underwent reoperation developed @entity1 recurrency during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 following microsurgical @entity8 are transient in the majority of @entity0 . The apparently high rate of incomplete @entity1 resection (app. 60% Simpson grades II and III) is due to the close topographical relationship of these @entity1 with important neurovascular structures. Thus, the operative strategy should not be excessively aggressive, but rather take into account the option to observe @entity2 or to apply additional stereotactic convergent beam radiation in selected cases.

title: Results for microsurgical XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: We used awake, unsedated @entity0 with indwelling cardiovascular catheters to study the role of endothelial injury and @entity2 in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline (MC)-induced @entity1 . Hemodynamic findings were correlated with morphometric analyses of alterations in the vascular endothelium assessed by electron microscopy and of muscularization of pulmonary arteries assessed by light microscopy. Male @entity0 (200-250 g) were injected with MC (60 mg/kg) or with saline vehicle. The hemodynamic response to acute @entity3 (10% O2 for 10 min) was studied at 4, 8, and 12 days postinjection. Pulmonary artery pressures and resistances (Ppa, Rp) were similar in saline- and MC-injected @entity0 at 4 and 8 days postinjection. In response to acute @entity3 , the rise in Ppa was also similar, but there was a slight but significant rise in Rp, (P less than 0.05) in the 8-day group, due largely to a decrease in cardiac output. At 12 days after injection, base-line Ppa was increased in MC-injected @entity0 (P less than 0.01) and there was a heightened response to @entity3 assessed both as a significant increase in Ppa and Rp (P less than 0.05 each). Endothelial injury was observed as early as 4 days postinjection with pallor and swelling evident qualitatively and by a decreased proportion of microfilaments (P less than 0.05) assessed quantitatively. By light microscopy, extension of smooth muscle into normally nonmuscularized pulmonary arteries was evident by 8 days postinjection. By 12 days postinjection there was marked extension of smooth muscle present (P less than 0.01) with medial hypertrophy of muscular arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Endothelial injury and vascular reactivity in monocrotaline XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the sensitivity and the validity of @entity5 point mutational analysis at codon 12 in Brazilian @entity0 with @entity3 , and the possible correlation between the presence of the mutation and the histopathological findings. @entity0 : Ninety-seven Brazilian @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity4 and chronic @entity4 were enrolled in this study. Forty-five @entity0 (46%) were female and 52 @entity0 (54%) were male, having an average age of 60.2+/-9.2 years for @entity2 (n=52), 45.1+/-19.4 years for @entity4 (n=20), and 46.4+/-11.2 years for chronic @entity4 (n=25). DNA extracted from 11 normal @entity0 peripheric lymphocytes was utilized as a control. RESULTS: The sensitivity of @entity5 mutational analysis was 83.3% (25/30) in paraffin-embedded samples and 72.7% (16/22) in surgically resected specimens of the @entity1 . On the other hand, no mutations were found in @entity4 or in chronic @entity4 . Regarding the histopathological grading, the higher positivity rate was found in poorly-differentiated @entity2 (100%), and progressively decreased in moderately-differentiated @entity2 (72.2%), and well-differentiated @entity2 (66.6%). The positivity rate in non-classified @entity2 was 81.8%. CONCLUSION: @entity5 point mutation, in our study, is notably prevalent in @entity1 and is absent in chronic @entity4 and @entity4 . These results encourage us to consider the possibility of treatment strategies for this oncogene in the future.

title: Detection of @entity5 point mutation at codon 12 in XXXX : a study in a Brazilian casuistic.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the sensitivity and the validity of @entity5 point mutational analysis at codon 12 in Brazilian @entity0 with @entity3 , and the possible correlation between the presence of the mutation and the histopathological findings. @entity0 : Ninety-seven Brazilian @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity4 and chronic @entity4 were enrolled in this study. Forty-five @entity0 (46%) were female and 52 @entity0 (54%) were male, having an average age of 60.2+/-9.2 years for @entity2 (n=52), 45.1+/-19.4 years for @entity4 (n=20), and 46.4+/-11.2 years for chronic @entity4 (n=25). DNA extracted from 11 normal @entity0 peripheric lymphocytes was utilized as a control. RESULTS: The sensitivity of @entity5 mutational analysis was 83.3% (25/30) in paraffin-embedded samples and 72.7% (16/22) in surgically resected specimens of the @entity1 . On the other hand, no mutations were found in @entity4 or in chronic @entity4 . Regarding the histopathological grading, the higher positivity rate was found in poorly-differentiated @entity2 (100%), and progressively decreased in moderately-differentiated @entity2 (72.2%), and well-differentiated @entity2 (66.6%). The positivity rate in non-classified @entity2 was 81.8%. CONCLUSION: @entity5 point mutation, in our study, is notably prevalent in @entity1 and is absent in chronic @entity4 and @entity4 . These results encourage us to consider the possibility of treatment strategies for this oncogene in the future.

title: Detection of XXXX point mutation at codon 12 in @entity3 : a study in a Brazilian casuistic.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Neglect is a unilateral lack of responsiveness to stimuli caused by @entity7 , a unilateral representation deficit and/or a unilateral @entity5 . It results most frequently from right-hemisphere @entity1 , particularly of the parietal lobe but also of the frontal cortex, the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and recently it has also been described after a @entity2 . We report a @entity0 with right-sided @entity4 of the posterior @entity6 , who developed a left-sided @entity3 . She had no @entity3 , yet she had problems detecting left-sided targets in visual extinction. Furthermore, she was impaired in detecting complex motion on the left side and targets in a fixation offset paradigm. Reactions to left-sided targets in covert shifts of attention were slowed in the invalid condition. Her text reading was impaired as she could not always find the initial word of the next line. However, she was aware of her deficit. Her visuoconstructive ability was normal and she gave no indication of tactile or acoustic extinction. As the @entity2 was located in the right hemisphere and the inattention involved the left side of space, we suggest that the damage to the right brain stem led to a transient imbalance of the noradrenergic ascending activation system which may explain her hemi-inattention.

title: Visuospatial hemi-inattention following cerebellar/brain stem XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine differences in the cost-effectiveness of two vocational programs: individual placement and support (IPS), in which employment specialists within a mental health center help @entity0 obtain competitive jobs and provide them with ongoing support, and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), in which stepwise services that involve prevocational experiences are delivered by rehabilitation agencies. METHODS: A total of 150 unemployed inner-city @entity0 with severe @entity1 who expressed an interest in competitive employment were randomly assigned to IPS or @entity3 programs and were followed for 18 months. Wages from all forms of employment and the number of weeks and hours of competitive employment were tracked monthly. Estimates were made of direct mental health costs and vocational costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for competitive employment outcomes and total wages. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in the overall costs of IPS and @entity3 . Participation in the IPS program was associated with significantly more hours and weeks of competitive employment. However, the average combined earnings-earnings from competitive and noncompetitive employment-were virtually the same both programs. The @entity2 estimates indicated that @entity0 in the IPS program worked in competitive employment settings for an additional week over the 18-month period at a cost of  283 ( 13 an hour). CONCLUSIONS: The analyses suggest that IPS @entity0 engaged in competitive employment at a higher cost. When combined earnings were used as the outcome, data from the statistical analyses were insufficient to enable any firm conclusions to be drawn. The findings illustrate the importance of choice of outcomes in evaluations of employment programs.

title: Cost-effectiveness of two vocational rehabilitation programs for XXXX with severe mental illness.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial in occupational health practice was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of early management of workers with @entity3 by occupational physicians, as compared with management by the supervisor only. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Health care and university workers with @entity2 and on sick leave for less than 1 month were included in the study. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity3 for at least 10 days on sick leave were randomly assigned to early management by the occupational physician (n = 61) or to a reference group with management by the worker's supervisor during the first 3 months of sick leave (n = 59). The @entity0 were observed for 1 year and compared in terms of time until return to work, @entity1 intensity, functional disability, and general health perception. The occupational physicians were provided with management guidelines. RESULTS: No significant differences were found after 3 and 12 months of follow-up evaluation in terms of time until return to work (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.90-1.90) or in terms of other health outcomes. Recurrences, however, occurred more frequently in the intervention group, but the total duration of sick leave in 1 year did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not show a significant positive effect of an early intervention by occupational physicians on workers with @entity3 . This might reflect the early phase of disability or the low intensity of the intervention resulting from overestimation of the physicians' compliance with the guidelines.

title: Early occupational health management of @entity0 with XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial in occupational health practice was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of early management of workers with @entity3 by occupational physicians, as compared with management by the supervisor only. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Health care and university workers with @entity2 and on sick leave for less than 1 month were included in the study. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity3 for at least 10 days on sick leave were randomly assigned to early management by the occupational physician (n = 61) or to a reference group with management by the worker's supervisor during the first 3 months of sick leave (n = 59). The @entity0 were observed for 1 year and compared in terms of time until return to work, @entity1 intensity, functional disability, and general health perception. The occupational physicians were provided with management guidelines. RESULTS: No significant differences were found after 3 and 12 months of follow-up evaluation in terms of time until return to work (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.90-1.90) or in terms of other health outcomes. Recurrences, however, occurred more frequently in the intervention group, but the total duration of sick leave in 1 year did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not show a significant positive effect of an early intervention by occupational physicians on workers with @entity3 . This might reflect the early phase of disability or the low intensity of the intervention resulting from overestimation of the physicians' compliance with the guidelines.

title: Early occupational health management of XXXX with @entity2 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a questionnaire for diagnosis and follow-up of @entity0 with symptoms suggestive of eye surface pathology. To evaluate the efficacy of @entity3 treatment. METHODS: Samples were chosen among @entity3 @entity0 (n=44). A control group was chosen among the healthy population. The questionnaire was filled in at the beginning and end of the treatment with @entity7 + @entity6 (Siccafluid, @entity8 , Spain) four times a day. Initial and final punctuation was established and confronted with other classic diagnostic tests; @entity4 tear break up time, Schirmer test and Rose Bengal staining. RESULTS: Red eyes, lid @entity1 , discharge, @entity3 , sandy and foreign body sensations, burning, itching, discomfort, pricking, tearing and @entity5 got significantly better after treatment (p<0.05). Lid reddening, lid @entity1 , flakes in lashes, sticky eyes in the morning, @entity2 and heavy sensation didn't improve (p>0.05). Total punctuation was significantly reduced at one month of treatment (p<0.01). Validation of the test was done against other standard tests (Schirmer test and Rose Bengal). We found a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 71.5% for Schirmer test and a sensibility of 77% and specificity of 65% if gold standard was Rose Bengal. Predictive value (positive and negative), global value of the test and likelihood ratios were also assessed. CONCLUSION: This questionnaire is useful for diagnosis and follow-up of @entity0 with @entity3 and other ocular surface symptoms. @entity7 + @entity6 is useful for the treatment of @entity0 with secretor tear insufficiency.

title: [Validation of a questionnaire for the diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Growth of @entity0 connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) was characterized on smooth and microtextured @entity1 ( @entity2 ) surfaces. @entity0 bone-marrow-derived cells were cultured for 9 days under conditions promoting osteoblastic differentiation on smooth @entity2 surfaces and on @entity2 post microtextures that were 6 microm high and 5, 10, 20, and 40 microm in diameter, respectively. Glass tissue-culture dishes were used as controls. The number of viable cells was determined, and an alkaline phosphatase stain was used as a marker for osteoblastic phenotype. CTPs attached, proliferated, and differentiated on all surfaces. Cells on the smooth @entity2 and control surfaces spread and proliferated as colonies in proximity to other cells and migrated in random directions, with cell process lengths of up to 80 microm. In contrast, cells on the @entity2 post microtextures grew as sparsely distributed networks of cells, with processes, occasionally up to 300 microm, that appeared to interact with the posts. Cell counts revealed that there were fewer (50%) CTPs on the smooth @entity2 surface than were on the glass control surfaces. However, there were consistently more (>144%) CTPs on the @entity2 post textures than on the controls. In particular, the 10-microm-in-diameter posts (268%) exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) greater cell number than did the smooth @entity2 .

title: Growth of connective tissue progenitor cells on microtextured XXXX surfaces.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate interobserver variability in interpretations performed by on-call radiology fellows and subsequently by attending radiologists of CT angiograms obtained for clinically suspected @entity1 and to evaluate factors contributing to discrepancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Written interpretations made by on-call fellows were compared with reports approved by attending radiologists for all CT angiograms obtained for suspected @entity1 after work hours and on weekends in a recent 19-month period. Interpretations were stratified as positive, negative, or equivocal for @entity1 . In cases of discordant interpretations, those CT angiograms were rereviewed by two thoracic radiologists; then @entity0 medical records were reviewed for evidence of clinical effect. Technical and @entity0 -related reasons for discordant interpretations of CT angiograms were recorded. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-eight oncology @entity0 were examined on CT angiography; five were examined twice. The fellows reported 137 CT angiograms (21%) as positive, 498 (75%) as negative, and 28 (4%) as equivocal for @entity1 . Interpretations of the fellows and attending radiologists agreed in 93% (615/663) of CT angiograms (kappa = 0.80). The concordance rates for CT angiograms interpreted by fellows as positive (89%, 122/137), negative (96%, 479/498), and equivocal (50%, 14/28) were significantly different from each other (p < 0.001 for each). A significantly greater proportion of CT angiograms with discordant interpretations was reported to be technically limited (p < 0.01). No clear adverse clinical events were attributed to discordant interpretations of CT angiograms, although the death of one @entity0 in that subgroup was of indeterminate cause. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation of CT angiograms obtained for suspected @entity1 , on-call fellows showed good agreement with attending radiologists. CT angiograms with discordant interpretations often were limited by technical or @entity0 -related factors.

title: Comparison of interpretations of CT angiograms in the evaluation of suspected XXXX by on-call radiology fellows and subsequently by radiology faculty.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative importance of the components of height in the evaluation of the @entity5 and the cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in @entity0 aged 35-55 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. 30 healthy @entity0 were recruited. Components of height (total height, trunk length, leg length) was compared with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and different measures of central @entity5 : waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and sagittal abdominal diameter. @entity8 was assessed by serum levels of @entity3 , @entity6 , total @entity2 , HDL- @entity2 ; and systolic ( @entity7 ) and @entity4 . Biological factors and socio-economic status influences was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity3 levels were inversely associated with height (r = -0.395; p < 0.05). When analyzing this association for components of height, @entity3 was negatively related to leg length (r = -0.447; p < 0.05) and showed no association with trunk length or the superior segment. The height or its components were not significantly related to BMI, percentage of body fat, estimators of body fat distribution, blood pressure or the rest of metabolic parameters. Education level was associated with leg length (r = 0.390; p = 0.037) and negatively related to @entity3 levels (r = -0.517; p = 0.004) and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that @entity5 is conditioned by weight and that stature is inversely related to risk of @entity1 in @entity0 aged 35-55 years, and suggest that legs length is the component of stature that conditions this result and that socio-economic status influences in this association. Factors which might explain this association remain to be determined.

title: [Height, leg length, XXXX and @entity8 in @entity0 aged 35-55 years].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative importance of the components of height in the evaluation of the @entity5 and the cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in @entity0 aged 35-55 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. 30 healthy @entity0 were recruited. Components of height (total height, trunk length, leg length) was compared with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and different measures of central @entity5 : waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and sagittal abdominal diameter. @entity8 was assessed by serum levels of @entity3 , @entity6 , total @entity2 , HDL- @entity2 ; and systolic ( @entity7 ) and @entity4 . Biological factors and socio-economic status influences was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity3 levels were inversely associated with height (r = -0.395; p < 0.05). When analyzing this association for components of height, @entity3 was negatively related to leg length (r = -0.447; p < 0.05) and showed no association with trunk length or the superior segment. The height or its components were not significantly related to BMI, percentage of body fat, estimators of body fat distribution, blood pressure or the rest of metabolic parameters. Education level was associated with leg length (r = 0.390; p = 0.037) and negatively related to @entity3 levels (r = -0.517; p = 0.004) and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that @entity5 is conditioned by weight and that stature is inversely related to risk of @entity1 in @entity0 aged 35-55 years, and suggest that legs length is the component of stature that conditions this result and that socio-economic status influences in this association. Factors which might explain this association remain to be determined.

title: [Height, leg length, @entity5 and XXXX in @entity0 aged 35-55 years].

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative importance of the components of height in the evaluation of the @entity5 and the cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in @entity0 aged 35-55 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. 30 healthy @entity0 were recruited. Components of height (total height, trunk length, leg length) was compared with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and different measures of central @entity5 : waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and sagittal abdominal diameter. @entity8 was assessed by serum levels of @entity3 , @entity6 , total @entity2 , HDL- @entity2 ; and systolic ( @entity7 ) and @entity4 . Biological factors and socio-economic status influences was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity3 levels were inversely associated with height (r = -0.395; p < 0.05). When analyzing this association for components of height, @entity3 was negatively related to leg length (r = -0.447; p < 0.05) and showed no association with trunk length or the superior segment. The height or its components were not significantly related to BMI, percentage of body fat, estimators of body fat distribution, blood pressure or the rest of metabolic parameters. Education level was associated with leg length (r = 0.390; p = 0.037) and negatively related to @entity3 levels (r = -0.517; p = 0.004) and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that @entity5 is conditioned by weight and that stature is inversely related to risk of @entity1 in @entity0 aged 35-55 years, and suggest that legs length is the component of stature that conditions this result and that socio-economic status influences in this association. Factors which might explain this association remain to be determined.

title: [Height, leg length, @entity5 and @entity8 in XXXX aged 35-55 years].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The biological functions of RNA-protein complexes are, for the most part, poorly defined. Here, we describe experiments that are aimed at understanding the functional significance of @entity3 RNA-coat protein binding, an interaction that parallels the initiation of viral RNA replication. Peptides representing the RNA-binding domain of the viral coat protein are biologically active in initiating replication and bind to a 39-nt 3'-terminal RNA with a stoichiometry of two peptides: 1 RNA. To begin to understand how RNA-peptide interactions induce RNA conformational changes and initiate replication, the @entity2 RNA fragment was experimentally manipulated by increasing the interhelical spacing, by interrupting the apparent @entity0 symmetry, and by extending the binding site. In general, both asymmetric and symmetric insertions between two proposed hairpins diminished binding, whereas 5' and 3' extensions had minimal effects. Exchanging the positions of the binding site hairpins resulted in only a moderate decrease in peptide binding affinity without changing the @entity1 radical footprint protection pattern. To assess biological relevance in viral RNA replication, the @entity0 changes were transferred into infectious genomic RNA clones. RNA mutations that disrupted coat protein binding also prevented viral RNA replication without diminishing coat protein mRNA (RNA 4) translation. These results, coupled with the highly conserved nature of the AUGC865-868 sequence, suggest that the distance separating the two proposed hairpins is a critical binding determinant. The data may indicate that the 5' and 3' hairpins interact with one of the bound peptides to nucleate the observed RNA conformational changes.

title: Spatial determinants of the XXXX coat protein binding site.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the incidence of stent-graft migration after @entity2 repair in a prospective multicenter trial and identified factors that may predispose to such migration. METHODS: All @entity0 who received treatment during the course of the multicenter AneuRx clinical trial were reviewed for evidence of stent-graft migration over 5 years, from 1996 to 2001. Post-deployment distance from the renal arteries to the proximal end of the stent graft and the proximal fixation length (length of the infrarenal neck covered by the stent graft) were determined in @entity0 for whom pre-procedure and post-procedure computed tomography scans were measured in an independent core laboratory. RESULTS: Stent-graft migration was reported in 94 of 1119 @entity0 , with mean time after device implantation of 30 +/- 11 months. Freedom from migration was 98.6% at 1 year, 93.4% at 2 years, and 81.2% at 3 years (Kaplan-Meier method). Subset (n = 387) analysis revealed that initial device deployment was lower in 47 @entity0 with migration, as evidenced by a greater renal artery to stent-graft distance (1.1 +/- 0.7 cm), compared with 340 @entity0 without migration (0.8 +/- 0.6 cm; P =.006) on post-implantation computed tomography scan. Proximal fixation length was shorter in @entity0 with migration (1.6 +/- 1.4 cm) compared with @entity0 without migration (2.3 +/- 1.4 cm; P =.005). There was significant variation in migration rate among clinical sites (P <.001), ranging from 0% to 30% (median, 8%), with a greater than twofold difference in migration rate between the lowest quartile (6%) and the highest quartile (15%) clinical sites. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that renal artery to stent-graft distance (P =.001) and proximal fixation length (P =.005) were significant predictors of migration, and that each millimeter increase in distance below the renal arteries increased risk for subsequent migration by 5.8% and each millimeter increase in proximal fixation length decreased risk for migration by 2.5%. @entity1 , neck diameter, degree of device oversizing, correct versus incorrect oversizing, device type (stiff vs flexible), placement of proximal extender cuffs at the original procedure, and post-procedure endoleak were not significant predictors of migration. Migration was treated with placement of extender modules in 23 @entity0 and surgical conversion in 7 @entity0 ; 64 @entity0 (68%) with migration have required no treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Stent-graft migration among @entity0 treated in the AneuRx clinical trial appears to be largely related to low initial deployment of the device, below the renal arteries, and short proximal fixation length. Significant variation in migration rate among clinical sites highlights the importance of the technical aspects of stent-graft deployment. Advances in intraoperative imaging and deployment techniques that have been made since completion of the clinical trial facilitate precision of device placement below the renal arteries and should increase proximal fixation length. Whether this, together with increased iliac fixation length, will result in lower risk for migration remains to be determined in long-term follow-up studies.

title: Stent graft migration after XXXX repair: importance of proximal fixation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Deficiencies in skeletal tissue repair and regeneration lead to conditions like @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 . While no cure for these conditions is available, the use of @entity0 bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) has been shown to have potential for cell-based therapy. Furthermore, recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) could be used together with HuMSCs for in vivo or ex vivo gene therapy. Unfortunately, the poor transduction efficiency of these cells remains a significant obstacle. Here, we describe the properties of ultraviolet (UV) light-activated gene transduction (LAGT) with rAAV in HuMSCs, an advance toward overcoming this limitation. Using direct fluorescent image analysis and real-time quantitative PCR to evaluate enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene expression, we found that the optimal effects of LAGT with limited @entity1 occurred at a UV dose of 200 J/m(2). Furthermore, this UV irradiation had no effect on either the chondrogenic or osteogenic potential of HuMSCs. Significant effects of LAGT in HuMSCs could be detected as early as 12 h after exposure and persisted over 21 days, in a time and energy-dependent manner. This LAGT effect was maintained for more than 8 h after irradiation and required only a 10-min exposure to rAAV after UV irradiation. Finally, we show that the production of secreted @entity5 protein from rAAV- @entity5 -IRES-eGFP infected to HuMSCs is highly inducible by UV irradiation. These results demonstrate that LAGT combined with rAAV is a promising procedure to facilitate gene induction in HuMSCs for @entity0 gene therapy.

title: Light-activated gene transduction of recombinant adeno-associated virus in XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to compare the efficacy of liquid-based cytology and conventional smears in the cytologic follow-up of cases with "atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude a high-grade lesion" (ASC-H) or "atypical glandular cells" (AGC). METHODS: Cytologic follow-up was performed on 214 cases with ASC-H/AGC diagnosis an conventional smears using either ThinPrep (n = 100) or conventional Papanicoloau ( @entity3 ) tests (n = 114). Results were then compared with further histologic and/or cytologic follow-up. RESULTS: Repetition on conventional smears enabled a definite diagnosis (within normal limits [WNL], @entity2 [ @entity2 ] or @entity1 ) in 58 cases (50.9%). ASC/AGC was confirmed in 50 cases (43.9%), and 6 of the smears (5.3%) were inadequate. WNL, @entity2 , or @entity1 was diagnosed in 82 (82.0%) cases by following the @entity0 with ThinPrep cytology, whereas ASC or AGC was confirmed in 18 cases (18.0%). No inadequate specimens were found. A diagnosis of @entity2 or greater ( @entity2 +) was confirmed histologically in 11 of 11 (100.0%) conventional smears and in 31 of 34 (91.2%) ThinPrep specimens. Of the 87 WNL specimens, 9 (8 conventional smears and 1 ThinPrep specimen) developed a histologically confirmed @entity2 during further follow-up. Specimen adequacy was significantly better in the ThinPrep specimens compared with conventional smears. CONCLUSIONS: Because of better specimen adequacy, ThinPrep cervical cytology appears to significantly reduce the occurrence of ASC/AGC compared with conventional Pap smears.

title: ThinPrep versus conventional Papanicolaou smear in the cytologic follow-up of XXXX with equivocal cervical smears.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is used as the first-line diagnostic test for lesions that require morphologic assessment in the authors' @entity0 screening program. A positive cytologic diagnosis is an indication to proceed to definitive surgery. Core biopsy is used if @entity3 is not diagnostic. In the context of increased use of core biopsy at other centers, the authors reviewed their experience with the cytologic assessment of highly suspicious microcalcifications. METHODS: Between January 1996 and June 2000, the dominant radiologic abnormality was classified prospectively as high-grade microcalcifications in 182 lesions. Data were recorded on @entity1 demographics, radiologic features, and the findings of @entity3 and core biopsy, if performed. The results of the screening assessment were then compared with the final histologic findings. RESULTS: Overall, 15.6% of all radiologically high-grade lesions were microcalcifications. The mean @entity1 age was 58.76 years. The lesions had a mean size of 38.49 mm (range, 5-200 mm), and 92.31% of high-grade microcalcifications proved to be malignant. Among the cases evaluated by @entity3 , a positive cytologic diagnosis of @entity2 was made in 70.93% of lesions, without any false-positive diagnoses and obviating the need for diagnostic core biopsy. @entity3 had a sensitivity of 77.22% and a positive predictive value ( @entity4 ) of 100%. When core biopsy was performed due to the absence of a positive cytologic diagnosis, it averted the need for open biopsy in 76% of lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Where there is access to skilled cytopathologists, @entity3 can provide a highly accurate, rapid, and cost-effective means of triage of @entity1 who would benefit most from the more expensive core biopsy.

title: The use of fine-needle aspiration cytology and core biopsy in the assessment of highly suspicious mammographic microcalcifications: analysis of outcome for 182 lesions detected in the setting of a population-based XXXX screening program.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To look for associations between changes in LDL @entity1 and baseline characteristics of @entity0 receiving dietary therapy for @entity3 . METHODS: Ninety-six @entity2 individuals aged 30-65 from three primary care clinics and a worksite clinic received counseling by a physician and/or a dietitian for lifestyle and dietary modifications. Baseline nutritional intake was evaluated using three-day food diaries. Lipoprotein levels were evaluated at six weeks and thereafter every three months for one year. Partial (adjusted) correlations (beta) were calculated between baseline parameters (demographic, anthropometric, nutritional and laboratory) and changes of LDL @entity1 for the short and long term (three and 12 months). RESULTS: The average LDL @entity1 level decreased by 6 +/- 10% (p < 0.001) at the end of 12 months. This reduction was positively correlated with baseline LDL @entity1 level (beta = +0.4, p = 0.001), and negatively correlated with the baseline BMI (beta = -0.2, p < 0.05) and saturated fat intake (beta = -0.3, p < 0.05). The differences between low and high subgroups of baseline LDL @entity1 , BMI and saturated fat intake became apparent only after six to twelve months of therapy and probably result from varying levels of adherence to the dietary regimen. A significant correlation was found between the change in LDL @entity1 after six weeks and the change in LDL @entity1 after 12 months (beta = 0.4, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The probability of successfully reducing LDL @entity1 with dietary therapy can be predicted by baseline LDL @entity1 level, BMI and saturated fat intake, as well as by the response to dietary changes within six weeks of therapy.

title: Dietary treatment of XXXX : can we predict long-term success?

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a frequent @entity0 associated with a significant risk of morbidity in survivors. Impairment of hippocampal-specific memory is a common and serious deficit occurring in many of the survivors. However, the pathophysiological basis of @entity2 after @entity3 is not clear. To directly address the cellular concomitants of spatial @entity7 , we recorded the activity of place cells from @entity6 in freely moving @entity1 subjected to @entity3 during early development and compared this activity to that in control @entity1 . Place cells discharge rapidly only when the @entity1 's head is in a cell-specific part of the environment called the "firing field." This firing field remains stable over time. Normal place cell function seems to be essential for stable spatial memory for the environment. We, therefore, compared place cell firing patterns with @entity4 in the water maze in @entity3 and control @entity1 . Compared with controls, place cells from the @entity3 @entity1 were less precise and less stable. Concordantly, the water maze performance was also impaired. There was a close relationship between precision and stability of place cells and water maze performance. In contrast, a single, acute, chemically induced @entity5 produced cessation of place cell activity and spatial @entity7 in water maze performance that reversed within 24 hr. These results strongly bolster the idea that there is a relationship between abnormal place cells and spatial memory. Our findings also suggest that the defects in place cell and spatial memory after @entity3 and acute chemically induced @entity5 result from different processes.

title: XXXX -induced changes in place cell physiology: relationship to spatial memory.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burn and @entity3 are associated with @entity1 and @entity8 . This study examines the hypothesis that postburn treatment with the vasodilator @entity6 would be beneficial for hepatic perfusion and oxygenation. METHODS: Female @entity5 (n = 18, 20-25 kg) underwent laparotomy, during which ultrasonic flow probes were placed on the portal vein and the common hepatic artery. Catheters were inserted in the superior mesenteric and left hepatic veins. After 5 days, all animals were anesthetized and 12 of them received 40% total body surface area third-degree burn; 100 microg/kg @entity4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered 18 hours postburn. Burned animals were randomized to receive a constant infusion of iloprost (20 ng/kg per minute) or an equivalent amount of carrier solution (normal saline). All animals were studied for 42 hours. RESULTS: Burn caused a 2.5-fold increase in hepatic arterial vascular resistance (HAVR) and a 39% decrease in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Postburn administration of iloprost did not improve the hepatic arterial hemodynamics (1.8-fold increase in HAVR and 38% decrease in @entity1 ). Post-LPS, @entity1 was significantly reduced to 22% of baseline and HAVR was 15-fold increased (P < 0.05 vs. baseline, ANOVA). In contrast, iloprost-treated animals did not show hepatic arterial vasoconstriction, as both @entity1 and HAVR remained baseline values during the endotoxic phase (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Postburn iloprost treatment yielded a significant improvement in post-LPS portal venous blood flow (PVBF, 79% of baseline vs. 45% of baseline in nontreated animals, P < 0.05, ANOVA). Portal venous pressure showed 16% and 56% increases after burn and endotoxin, respectively. @entity2 did not occur in iloprost-treated animals, as portal venous pressure remained within baseline range (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Burn and @entity7 resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic @entity0 delivery (hDO2, 63% and 12% of baseline, respectively) and hepatic @entity0 consumption (hVO2, 61% and 21% of baseline, respectively). Only during the postburn endotoxic phase, iloprost improved hDO2 and hVO2 (140% and 79%, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: Postburn @entity6 treatment appears to have no beneficial effects on hepatic perfusion early postburn. However, during the late postburn endotoxic phase, @entity6 seems to significantly improve hepatic total blood flow and oxygenation. In addition, @entity6 treatment attenuated burn- and endotoxin-induced portal @entity2 .

title: Opposite effects of @entity6 on hepatic blood flow and XXXX consumption after burn and @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burn and @entity3 are associated with @entity1 and @entity8 . This study examines the hypothesis that postburn treatment with the vasodilator @entity6 would be beneficial for hepatic perfusion and oxygenation. METHODS: Female @entity5 (n = 18, 20-25 kg) underwent laparotomy, during which ultrasonic flow probes were placed on the portal vein and the common hepatic artery. Catheters were inserted in the superior mesenteric and left hepatic veins. After 5 days, all animals were anesthetized and 12 of them received 40% total body surface area third-degree burn; 100 microg/kg @entity4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered 18 hours postburn. Burned animals were randomized to receive a constant infusion of iloprost (20 ng/kg per minute) or an equivalent amount of carrier solution (normal saline). All animals were studied for 42 hours. RESULTS: Burn caused a 2.5-fold increase in hepatic arterial vascular resistance (HAVR) and a 39% decrease in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Postburn administration of iloprost did not improve the hepatic arterial hemodynamics (1.8-fold increase in HAVR and 38% decrease in @entity1 ). Post-LPS, @entity1 was significantly reduced to 22% of baseline and HAVR was 15-fold increased (P < 0.05 vs. baseline, ANOVA). In contrast, iloprost-treated animals did not show hepatic arterial vasoconstriction, as both @entity1 and HAVR remained baseline values during the endotoxic phase (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Postburn iloprost treatment yielded a significant improvement in post-LPS portal venous blood flow (PVBF, 79% of baseline vs. 45% of baseline in nontreated animals, P < 0.05, ANOVA). Portal venous pressure showed 16% and 56% increases after burn and endotoxin, respectively. @entity2 did not occur in iloprost-treated animals, as portal venous pressure remained within baseline range (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Burn and @entity7 resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic @entity0 delivery (hDO2, 63% and 12% of baseline, respectively) and hepatic @entity0 consumption (hVO2, 61% and 21% of baseline, respectively). Only during the postburn endotoxic phase, iloprost improved hDO2 and hVO2 (140% and 79%, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: Postburn @entity6 treatment appears to have no beneficial effects on hepatic perfusion early postburn. However, during the late postburn endotoxic phase, @entity6 seems to significantly improve hepatic total blood flow and oxygenation. In addition, @entity6 treatment attenuated burn- and endotoxin-induced portal @entity2 .

title: Opposite effects of XXXX on hepatic blood flow and @entity0 consumption after burn and @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burn and @entity3 are associated with @entity1 and @entity8 . This study examines the hypothesis that postburn treatment with the vasodilator @entity6 would be beneficial for hepatic perfusion and oxygenation. METHODS: Female @entity5 (n = 18, 20-25 kg) underwent laparotomy, during which ultrasonic flow probes were placed on the portal vein and the common hepatic artery. Catheters were inserted in the superior mesenteric and left hepatic veins. After 5 days, all animals were anesthetized and 12 of them received 40% total body surface area third-degree burn; 100 microg/kg @entity4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered 18 hours postburn. Burned animals were randomized to receive a constant infusion of iloprost (20 ng/kg per minute) or an equivalent amount of carrier solution (normal saline). All animals were studied for 42 hours. RESULTS: Burn caused a 2.5-fold increase in hepatic arterial vascular resistance (HAVR) and a 39% decrease in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Postburn administration of iloprost did not improve the hepatic arterial hemodynamics (1.8-fold increase in HAVR and 38% decrease in @entity1 ). Post-LPS, @entity1 was significantly reduced to 22% of baseline and HAVR was 15-fold increased (P < 0.05 vs. baseline, ANOVA). In contrast, iloprost-treated animals did not show hepatic arterial vasoconstriction, as both @entity1 and HAVR remained baseline values during the endotoxic phase (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Postburn iloprost treatment yielded a significant improvement in post-LPS portal venous blood flow (PVBF, 79% of baseline vs. 45% of baseline in nontreated animals, P < 0.05, ANOVA). Portal venous pressure showed 16% and 56% increases after burn and endotoxin, respectively. @entity2 did not occur in iloprost-treated animals, as portal venous pressure remained within baseline range (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Burn and @entity7 resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic @entity0 delivery (hDO2, 63% and 12% of baseline, respectively) and hepatic @entity0 consumption (hVO2, 61% and 21% of baseline, respectively). Only during the postburn endotoxic phase, iloprost improved hDO2 and hVO2 (140% and 79%, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: Postburn @entity6 treatment appears to have no beneficial effects on hepatic perfusion early postburn. However, during the late postburn endotoxic phase, @entity6 seems to significantly improve hepatic total blood flow and oxygenation. In addition, @entity6 treatment attenuated burn- and endotoxin-induced portal @entity2 .

title: Opposite effects of @entity6 on hepatic blood flow and @entity0 consumption after burn and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify prognostic factors and treatment @entity2 in a series of operable stages IB and II cervical @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between May 1972 and January 1994, 414 @entity0 (pts) with @entity5 staged according to the 1995 FIGO staging system underwent radical hysterectomy with (n = 380) or without (n = 34) bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Lateral ovarian transposition to preserve ovarian function was performed on 12 pts. The methods of radiation therapy (RT) were not randomised and depended on the usual practices of the surgical teams. Group I: 168 pts received postoperative RT (64 pts received vaginal brachytherapy alone [ @entity4 ( @entity4 ): 50 Gy], 93 pts had external beam pelvis RT (EBPRT) [ @entity4 : 45 Gy over 5 weeks] followed by vaginal brachytherapy [ @entity4 : 20 Gy], and 11 pts had EBPRT alone [ @entity4 : 50 Gy over 6 weeks]. Group II: 246 pts received preoperative utero-vaginal brachytherapy [ @entity4 : 65 Gy], and 32 of theses 246 pts also received postoperative EBPRT [ @entity4 : 45 Gy over 5 weeks] delivered to the parametric and the pelvic lymph nodes with a midline pelvic shield. The mean follow-up was 106 months. RESULTS: The 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 80%. From 75 recurrences, 35 were isolated locoregional. Multivariate analysis showed that independent factors decreasing the probability of DFS were: both exo and endocervical @entity1 site (p = 0.047), lymph-vascular space invasion (p = 0.041), age < or = 51 yr (p = 0.013), 1995 FIGO staging system (stage @entity6 vs stage IIA, p = 0.004, stage @entity6 vs stage @entity7 , p = 0.0009, and stage @entity6 vs stage IIB with 1/3 proximal parametrical infiltration, p = 0.00002), and histological pelvic involved lymph nodes (p = 0.00009). Methods of adjuvant RT did not influence the probability of DFS (group I vs group II, p = 0.10). The postoperative complication rate was 10.2% in group I and 8.9% in group II (p = 0.7) but the postoperative urethral complication rate necessitating surgical intervention with reimplantation was lower in group I than in group II (0.6% vs 2.3%, respectively, p = 0.03). The 10-year rate for grade 3 and 4 late radiation complications according to the LENT-SOMA scoring system was 10.4%. EPRT significantly increased the 10-year rate for grade 3 and 4 late radiation complications (yes vs no: 22% vs 7%, respectively, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: In our series, the methods of adjuvant RT (primary surgery vs preoperative uterovaginal brachytherapy) do not seem to influence the prognosis of the stage IB, IIA, and IIB (with 1/3 proximal parametrical involvement only) cervical @entity3 . The postoperative EPRT applied according to histopathological risk factors after surgical treatment increases the risk of late radiation complications.

title: [Operable stage IB and II XXXX of the uterine neck: retrospective comparison between preoperative utero-vaginal curietherapy and initial surgery followed by radiotherapy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of computed tomography in determining the proximal extent of @entity2 and the possibility of infrarenal clamping. Preoperative computed tomographic findings, together with the operative data for 95 @entity0 , were retrospectively analyzed in light of the operative findings. Eighty-nine (93.68%) of the @entity0 were @entity0 and 6 (6.32%) were @entity0 , with a mean age of 66.27 +/- 18.14 years. Diagnosis of infrarenal @entity1 by computed tomography was confirmed at the time of surgery in 91 (95.79%) of 95 @entity0 . The negative-predictive value of computed tomography in detecting supra-aneurysmal renal arteries was found to be 95.79%. The specificity was 98.91%. Infrarenal cross-clamping was performed in 59 (62.11%) of 95 @entity0 , whose aortic segments between the renal artery orifices and the proximal borders of the @entity1 had a mean length of 26.4 +/- 7.11 mm by computed tomography Suprarenal clamping was required in 36 (37.89%) of the 95 @entity0 , whose aortic segments had a mean length of 12.7 +/- 3.48 mm. We conclude that conventional computed tomography is reasonably accurate in determining the proximal extent of @entity2 . Although there is a high rate of error in determining the possibility of infrarenal clamping when no specific measurements are taken, infrarenal clamping can be planned when measurement by computed tomography shows a length of > or = 26 mm between the renal arteries and the proximal extent of the @entity1 . In @entity0 with shorter aortic segments, suprarenal aortic clamping should be considered.

title: Predictive value of conventional computed tomography in determining proximal extent of XXXX and possibility of infrarenal clamping.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity6 induces a dissociated state of consciousness by binding to the @entity7 binding site within the ion channel gated by the @entity3 ( @entity1 ) receptor. The brain regions and neurotransmitter systems mediating @entity6 -induced alterations in arousal remain incompletely understood. This study used in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that @entity6 alters @entity2 ( @entity4 ) release in the medial pontine reticular formation ( @entity8 ). DESIGN: @entity2 ( @entity4 ) release, sleep, and breathing were quantified following systemic @entity6 administration. Microdialysis was used to deliver the @entity1 -channel blocker @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and the R(-)-isomer of @entity6 into the @entity8 while measuring @entity4 release. SETTING: N/A. @entity0 : N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Systemically administered @entity6 disrupted normal sleep-cycle organization, reduced @entity8 @entity4 release, and significantly slowed rate of breathing. Dialysis delivery of @entity5 to the @entity8 significantly decreased respiratory rate and @entity8 @entity4 release. Dialysis delivery to the @entity8 of the @entity9 isomer significantly decreased @entity8 @entity4 release. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased @entity8 @entity4 release caused by systemically administered @entity6 was mimicked by @entity8 dialysis delivery of @entity5 and the R(-)- @entity6 isomer. These data are consistent with the conclusion that systemically administered @entity6 may alter arousal and breathing, in part, by altering cholinergic neurotransmission in the @entity8 .

title: @entity6 and XXXX decrease @entity2 release in the pontine reticular formation, slow breathing, and disrupt sleep.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity6 induces a dissociated state of consciousness by binding to the @entity7 binding site within the ion channel gated by the @entity3 ( @entity1 ) receptor. The brain regions and neurotransmitter systems mediating @entity6 -induced alterations in arousal remain incompletely understood. This study used in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that @entity6 alters @entity2 ( @entity4 ) release in the medial pontine reticular formation ( @entity8 ). DESIGN: @entity2 ( @entity4 ) release, sleep, and breathing were quantified following systemic @entity6 administration. Microdialysis was used to deliver the @entity1 -channel blocker @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and the R(-)-isomer of @entity6 into the @entity8 while measuring @entity4 release. SETTING: N/A. @entity0 : N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Systemically administered @entity6 disrupted normal sleep-cycle organization, reduced @entity8 @entity4 release, and significantly slowed rate of breathing. Dialysis delivery of @entity5 to the @entity8 significantly decreased respiratory rate and @entity8 @entity4 release. Dialysis delivery to the @entity8 of the @entity9 isomer significantly decreased @entity8 @entity4 release. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased @entity8 @entity4 release caused by systemically administered @entity6 was mimicked by @entity8 dialysis delivery of @entity5 and the R(-)- @entity6 isomer. These data are consistent with the conclusion that systemically administered @entity6 may alter arousal and breathing, in part, by altering cholinergic neurotransmission in the @entity8 .

title: @entity6 and @entity5 decrease XXXX release in the pontine reticular formation, slow breathing, and disrupt sleep.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity6 induces a dissociated state of consciousness by binding to the @entity7 binding site within the ion channel gated by the @entity3 ( @entity1 ) receptor. The brain regions and neurotransmitter systems mediating @entity6 -induced alterations in arousal remain incompletely understood. This study used in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that @entity6 alters @entity2 ( @entity4 ) release in the medial pontine reticular formation ( @entity8 ). DESIGN: @entity2 ( @entity4 ) release, sleep, and breathing were quantified following systemic @entity6 administration. Microdialysis was used to deliver the @entity1 -channel blocker @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and the R(-)-isomer of @entity6 into the @entity8 while measuring @entity4 release. SETTING: N/A. @entity0 : N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Systemically administered @entity6 disrupted normal sleep-cycle organization, reduced @entity8 @entity4 release, and significantly slowed rate of breathing. Dialysis delivery of @entity5 to the @entity8 significantly decreased respiratory rate and @entity8 @entity4 release. Dialysis delivery to the @entity8 of the @entity9 isomer significantly decreased @entity8 @entity4 release. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased @entity8 @entity4 release caused by systemically administered @entity6 was mimicked by @entity8 dialysis delivery of @entity5 and the R(-)- @entity6 isomer. These data are consistent with the conclusion that systemically administered @entity6 may alter arousal and breathing, in part, by altering cholinergic neurotransmission in the @entity8 .

title: XXXX and @entity5 decrease @entity2 release in the pontine reticular formation, slow breathing, and disrupt sleep.

answer: @entity6