abstract: A cross-sectional study of 216 impotent @entity0 aged 40 to 79 years (mean age 60.9 years) was conducted to determine if there are age-related changes in clinical and hormonal parameters in an impotent population. There was a slight increase in the degree of @entity1 with age, with @entity3 occurring in a larger percent of the 60- and 70-year-olds than in the younger @entity0 (41% vs 27% for the 40 year olds, P less than .05). No @entity0 above the age of 70 years reported any full erections, even of short duration. In contrast, reported levels of libido did not vary significantly with age. Abnormal penile Doppler studies diagnostic of @entity7 were found in 17.8% of the @entity0 tested, and an additional 17.8% were found to have evidence suggestive of a vascular etiology. These abnormal vascular findings were associated with an extremely high prevalence of clinically apparent @entity4 in this population. In 22.9% of the subjects, an abnormal vascular response was found only on exercise, ie, a "pelvic steal", which only occurred above the age of 50 years. There was a marked age-related alteration in the concentration of @entity2 (T) and bioavailable @entity2 (BT), but no statistically significant change in the levels of gonadotropins with age. An increase in the prevalence of @entity6 with age was found, which suggested an increasing prevalence of hypothalamic @entity5 in this @entity0 group. For both vascular and hormonal changes (such as low T and BT), the greatest changes appear to occur after the age of 50.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and aging: clinical and hormonal factors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The tissue concentration of @entity7 (PCr) and the pseudo-first-order rate constant of @entity5 kinase (kf) were monitored in superfused @entity3 brain slices in vitro by using 31P-n.m.r. techniques. 2. Superfusion of slices in low @entity0 partial pressure ( @entity8 approx. 16 kPa) decreased tissue PCr concentrations by 48% but @entity4 concentrations were unchanged. Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the PCr concentration in @entity2 tissue and the increase in the rate constant, kf. Nevertheless the forward flux through the enzyme (Jf = kf.[PCr]) declined under these conditions. 3. Lowering the @entity1 concentration to 0.2 or 0.1 mM decreased PCr concentrations by 29% and 48% respectively; here @entity4 concentrations as well as PCr concentrations also decreased. Only in the presence of the lower @entity1 concentration (0.1 mM) was kf increased. However, unlike the situation in @entity2 tissue, Jf was maintained at control rates. 4. In spectra obtained in the presence of low @entity0 or low @entity1 concentrations, a resonance attributable to tissue inorganic @entity6 became dectectable. This observation is discussed in terms of known changes in tissue @entity6 concentrations and possible alterations in cytoplasmic pH.

title: Kinetic analysis of the cerebral @entity5 kinase reaction under XXXX and hypoglycaemic conditions in vitro. A 31P-n.m.r. study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The tissue concentration of @entity7 (PCr) and the pseudo-first-order rate constant of @entity5 kinase (kf) were monitored in superfused @entity3 brain slices in vitro by using 31P-n.m.r. techniques. 2. Superfusion of slices in low @entity0 partial pressure ( @entity8 approx. 16 kPa) decreased tissue PCr concentrations by 48% but @entity4 concentrations were unchanged. Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the PCr concentration in @entity2 tissue and the increase in the rate constant, kf. Nevertheless the forward flux through the enzyme (Jf = kf.[PCr]) declined under these conditions. 3. Lowering the @entity1 concentration to 0.2 or 0.1 mM decreased PCr concentrations by 29% and 48% respectively; here @entity4 concentrations as well as PCr concentrations also decreased. Only in the presence of the lower @entity1 concentration (0.1 mM) was kf increased. However, unlike the situation in @entity2 tissue, Jf was maintained at control rates. 4. In spectra obtained in the presence of low @entity0 or low @entity1 concentrations, a resonance attributable to tissue inorganic @entity6 became dectectable. This observation is discussed in terms of known changes in tissue @entity6 concentrations and possible alterations in cytoplasmic pH.

title: Kinetic analysis of the cerebral XXXX kinase reaction under @entity2 and hypoglycaemic conditions in vitro. A 31P-n.m.r. study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Stimulation of periaqueductal gray sites resulted in both increased latencies to escape heated water with a tail-flick and audible vocalizations. To determine whether these two responses were the result of stimulation of the same substrates, refractory periods were estimated by delivering paired-pulse trains of stimulation. Stimulation consisted of 10 or 20 s trains of single pulses or pulse pairs. The pulse pair frequency threshold for both behaviors was determined for intra-pulse ( @entity1 ) intervals of 0.4-10 ms. The ratio of single to double pulse frequency thresholds provided an indication of relative effectiveness of the paired-pulse stimulation. For @entity0 , the paired-pulse effectiveness gradually increased between @entity1 intervals of 2.0 and 5.0 ms, after which asymptotic effectiveness values were obtained. Thus, the estimated refractory period for @entity0 was 2.0-5.0 ms. The refractory period estimate for vocalizations was shorter. Effectiveness values increased with a @entity1 interval of 1.2 ms and reached asymptote with a @entity1 interval of 2.0 ms. These results suggest that different fibers with overlapping spatial distributions contribute to @entity0 and vocalizations produced by midbrain stimulation.

title: Differentiation of the substrates for XXXX and vocalizations elicited by midbrain stimulation in rats: refractory period estimates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: On the basis that unbound concentration better correlates with response than total plasma or blood concentration, the inter- and intra-subject variability in the distribution of @entity2 within blood and to plasma components was studied in renal transplant @entity0 . Pharmacokinetic aspects were also studied. Blood samples were analysed from @entity0 who received the drug both by a 72-h i.v. infusion and orally (7 mg.kg-1 twice daily). Steady-state was reached within 18 h of starting the i.v. infusion; the plasma data were best fitted by a biexponential equation with half-times of 0.13-1.02 h and 4.3-13.9 h, associated with the two phases. The mean plasma clearance was 700 ml/min. Concentrations during the infusions measured by RIA and HPLC were comparable. Oral profiles showed rapid and extensive absorption. The peak plasma concentrations were 1460-1880 micrograms.l-1 and occurred 2-4 h after dosing, with bioavailability estimates of 41-113%. Concentrations measured by RIA were higher than by HPLC. Blood-to-plasma concentration ratio measurements of @entity2 at 37 degrees C decreased with increasing plasma concentration and increased with haematocrit. Fraction unbound, measured by ultra-centrifugation, was in the range 0.042-0.122 with an average of 0.068, and varied little in some @entity0 but showed systematic changes with time in others. @entity2 binding was found to be related not only to the @entity3 but, more particularly, to the @entity1 -related lipoproteins in plasma. Monitoring @entity1 may be helpful in identifying @entity0 with extremes in binding or with widely varying binding.

title: XXXX : pharmacokinetics and detailed studies of plasma and erythrocyte binding during intravenous and oral administration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Endometrial receptivity and pre-embryo quality are the main factors determining embryo implantation in in vitro fertilization. If one embryo implants normally and goes to term, the endometrium can be assumed to be normal. Eighty-one @entity0 (March 1981 to 1987) had transfers of multiple pre-embryos, resulting in @entity2 with at least one reaching term. The number of gestational sacs at 8 to 12 weeks of pregnancy, at 20 weeks, and the number of term pregnancies were studied longitudinally. Twelve @entity0 (14.8%) had 2 pre-embryos transferred, 19 (23.5%) had 3, 21 (25.9%) had 4, 17 (21.0%) had 5, 9 (11.1%) had 6, and 3 (3.7%) had 7. At 20 weeks 18 @entity0 (22.2%) had a single viable fetus, 56 (69.1%) had twins, 6 (7.4%) had triplets, and 1 (1.2%) had quadruplets. A total of 325 pre-embryos were transferred; 178 gestational sacs were observed at 8 to 12 weeks, but only 153 showed fetal heartbeat. Total @entity1 at 8 to 12 weeks was 53.0%; when the "index" embryo was excluded, it reached 61%. Regardless of the number of pre-embryos transferred, only 2.2 embryos on average were able to establish a normal pregnancy. (A)synchronism of the pre-embryos did not affect outcome. Results suggest that with normal endometrial receptivity, the implantation potential of each pre-embryo is different.

title: Implantation potential of each pre-embryo in XXXX obtained by in vitro fertilization seems to be different.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We examined the relationship between changes in plasma volume (PV) following simulated weightlessness and the response of blood @entity2 (BL) and plasma free @entity3 (FFA) during exercise. Ten healthy @entity0 (35-49 yr) performed 15 min of submaximal upright cycle ergoemetry at a workrate of 57% of pre-bed rest (BR) maximal @entity1 uptake before and after 10 d of continuous 6 degrees head-down BR. During exercise, @entity1 uptake (VO2) was measured to assure equivalent energy expenditure for pre-BR and post-BR workrate. Antecubital venous blood samples were collected at rest and during the last 30 s of exercise and analyzed for concentrations of BL and FFA, and hematocrit. Resting PV was measured pre-BR and post-BR with @entity5 and total circulating BL and FFA were calculated as the product of PV and concentrations of BL and FFA, respectively. @entity4 and FFA concentration during submaximal exercise were unchanged post-BR. During exercise, post-BR BL concentration of 2.9 mmol . L-1 was slightly greater (p less than 0.05) than pre-BR BL concentration of 2.5 mmol . L-1. However, as a result of a 17% reduction (p less than 0.05) in resting PV, total circulating BL during exercise was unchanged while total circulating FFA was reduced (p less than 0.05) post-BR. We conclude that the concentrations of BL and FFA during exercise following simulated weightlessness can be significantly altered by the reduction in PV.

title: Circulating XXXX and FFA during exercise: effect of reduction in plasma volume following exposure to simulated microgravity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: When ocular structures are affected in @entity1 , a rapid @entity6 has been the rule regardless of the type of treatment--corticosteroids, Leukeran, @entity3 , @entity7 . The objectives of the present study were to compare, in a masked manner, conventional treatment (corticosteroids/Leukeran) to treatment with CsA. Forty @entity0 suffering from @entity1 with active ocular inflammatory reactions were included in the study. These were randomly assigned to conventional or CsA regimens and were regularly examined by a multidisciplinary group of physicians. The unmasked internist modulated the treatment and recorded systemic manifestations. The masked ophthalmologists recorded the ocular findings without knowledge of the assigned type of treatment. An analysis of the results 3 years after initiation of the study shows that @entity5 is more effective than conventional therapy in decreasing the active ocular inflammatory processes and arresting the deterioration of visual acuity. Regarding the extraocular symptoms, however, conventional therapy is superior to CsA, especially for the control of @entity2 and @entity4 . Side effects were recorded in a much higher incidence among @entity0 receiving CsA. However, tight and constant control of the CsA dosage as performed in this study has, so far, prevented clinical and biochemical nephrotoxic manifestations in @entity0 assigned to this treatment.

title: Evaluation of conventional therapy versus cyclosporine A in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To study pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure ( @entity3 ) relationships, we measured these simultaneously with cardiac outputs 1922 times in 128 @entity0 who were @entity2 or in an intensive care unit. In 356 (18.5%) of the readings, the PAWP exceeded the @entity3 , indicating that the PAWP reading might be erroneous. In 106 (5.5%) of these readings, the PAWP was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the @entity3 , indicating that the PAWP was almost certainly erroneous. In virtually all instances in which this discrepancy was recognized, changing the position of the catheter tip provided a PAWP value equal to or lower than the @entity3 . On the other extreme, in 49 (30%) of the @entity0 , the @entity3 was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the PAWP. The pulmonary vascular resistance in these @entity0 averaged (+/- SD) 257 +/- 145 dyne/s/cm-5 (normal, 80 to 160 dyne/s/cm-5). The mean pulmonary vascular resistance in the other 74 @entity0 was significantly lower (158 +/- 72 dyne/s/cm-5). The mortality rate with the increased @entity3 -PAWP gradients was 59% (24/49). This was significantly higher than the mortality rate (34%, or 27/79) seen with lower PAWP- @entity3 gradients. Thus, the relationship between the @entity3 and PAWP should be examined closely in @entity2 @entity0 . A PAWP higher than the @entity3 indicates that the PAWP measurement may be erroneous. On the other hand, if the @entity3 exceeds the PAWP by 6.0 mm Hg or more, the @entity0 has probably developed @entity1 and has a much poorer prognosis.

title: Pulmonary artery diastolic and wedge pressure relationships in XXXX and injured @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To study pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure ( @entity3 ) relationships, we measured these simultaneously with cardiac outputs 1922 times in 128 @entity0 who were @entity2 or in an intensive care unit. In 356 (18.5%) of the readings, the PAWP exceeded the @entity3 , indicating that the PAWP reading might be erroneous. In 106 (5.5%) of these readings, the PAWP was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the @entity3 , indicating that the PAWP was almost certainly erroneous. In virtually all instances in which this discrepancy was recognized, changing the position of the catheter tip provided a PAWP value equal to or lower than the @entity3 . On the other extreme, in 49 (30%) of the @entity0 , the @entity3 was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the PAWP. The pulmonary vascular resistance in these @entity0 averaged (+/- SD) 257 +/- 145 dyne/s/cm-5 (normal, 80 to 160 dyne/s/cm-5). The mean pulmonary vascular resistance in the other 74 @entity0 was significantly lower (158 +/- 72 dyne/s/cm-5). The mortality rate with the increased @entity3 -PAWP gradients was 59% (24/49). This was significantly higher than the mortality rate (34%, or 27/79) seen with lower PAWP- @entity3 gradients. Thus, the relationship between the @entity3 and PAWP should be examined closely in @entity2 @entity0 . A PAWP higher than the @entity3 indicates that the PAWP measurement may be erroneous. On the other hand, if the @entity3 exceeds the PAWP by 6.0 mm Hg or more, the @entity0 has probably developed @entity1 and has a much poorer prognosis.

title: Pulmonary artery diastolic and wedge pressure relationships in @entity2 and injured XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Over the last twelve years 44 @entity0 suffering from @entity1 have been seen at Huddinge hospital. There were 34 @entity0 and 10 @entity0 . 22 of these @entity0 were for various reasons not regarded as candidates for surgery. The opposite applied to the remaining 22 @entity0 . The outcome of a temporary nerve block guided us (the surgeons and the @entity0 ) whether to operate or not. 12 @entity0 were thus operated upon by means of resection of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. The immediate post-operative result was excellent in 11 of 12 @entity0 but the voice deteriorated in 4 @entity0 . They had revision surgery with a successful result in 3 of them. Also the other 7 @entity0 deteriorated to some extent but not to the degree that revision surgery was necessary. It is our hypothesis that recurrencies are caused by reinnervation of the sectioned nerve.

title: Treatment of XXXX by means of resection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a technical modification that facilitates dorsal skin closure, improves cosmesis and eliminates chordee recurrence secondary to contracture of the dorsal penile skin in the repair of @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity0 with @entity3 (mean age 1.8 years) had the @entity3 repaired using a modified ventral penile skin flap. Four @entity0 had @entity3 and seven had had a previous primary closure of @entity2 . Nine @entity0 underwent the Cantwell-Ransley technique, leaving the meatus in a glanular position. Two @entity0 were repaired using the penile disassembly technique of Mitchell and B  @entity4 , because they had a short urethral plate. A ventral island skin flap was fashioned, starting at the base of the penis. Dissection was carried ventrally into the scrotum to allow for adequate dorsal flap transposition. The flap was rotated laterally to shift the suture line from the midline and to cover the dorsal aspect of the penis with untouched penile shaft skin. Redundant ventral foreskin was discarded. RESULTS: All @entity0 had an uneventful course after surgery. Dorsal penile skin was viable in every case and no @entity0 developed recurrence of chordee or a urethrocutaneous @entity1 . The cosmetic result was excellent in all @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Dorsal skin closure using lateral rotation of ventral penile skin flap improves cosmesis after @entity3 repair and eliminates the recurrence of chordee secondary to midline dorsal scarring.

title: A ventral rotational skin flap to improve cosmesis and avoid chordee recurrence in XXXX repair.

answer: @entity3


abstract: During 1979-82, a case-control study of occupational factors and @entity2 was conducted in Edmonton, Calgary, Toronto, and Kingston, Canada. A total of 826 histologically verified cases of @entity1 were individually matched by sex, age, and area of residence to 792 randomly selected population controls. Subjects were specifically asked about employment in several industries thought relevant to risk of @entity2 . Information was also obtained on lifelong occupational history, with special attention given regarding exposures to fumes, dusts, smoke, and chemicals. In addition, subjects provided data on past medical and residential history, on intake of certain dietary items, and on exposure to @entity3 and other lifestyle factors. Conditional logistic regression methods were used for the analysis. Under adjustment for cumulative lifetime cigarette consumption, it appeared that for both @entity0 and @entity0 , most of the occupational factors examined were not associated with significant alteration in risk of @entity2 . For exposures during the period eight to 28 years before diagnosis, however, raised risk was suggested for @entity0 employed at least six months in the chemicals industry (odds ratio = 2.37, p = 0.004), in dye manufacturing or the dyeing of cloth (OR = 3.62 and 4.63, p = 0.041 and 0.035, respectively), as tailors (OR = 3.85, p = 0.015), or in jobs in which contact with diesel or traffic fumes occurred (OR = 1.69, p = 0.0008). Increased risk was also seen for @entity0 occupationally exposed to tars or asphalt (OR = 3.11, p = 0.019). This study then, at least for @entity0 , supports perhaps a few of the suspect industries as related to risk of @entity2 .

title: Occupational factors and the incidence of XXXX in Canada.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Controversy continues about how often a negative laparotomy should be accepted in the management of @entity0 with blunt and penetrating @entity1 . A key issue is the complications, especially @entity3 . To define these complications, the charts of 248 @entity0 who underwent negative laparotomy for @entity1 were examined. There were 185 @entity0 with penetrating injuries and 63 with @entity4 . @entity2 were present in 119 @entity0 . Acute perioperative morbidity occurred in 53 percent of the @entity0 with associated injuries and 22 percent of @entity0 with no associated injuries. On long-term follow-up, five @entity0 developed @entity3 . The incidence of @entity3 was related to operative exposure. We have concluded that early morbidity after a negative laparotomy is more common when associated injuries are present. The risk of postoperative @entity3 is small, especially when extensive operative dissection is not necessary. Abdominal exploration should not be discarded as a viable diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in @entity0 with equivocal findings.

title: Complications of negative laparotomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is an environmental contaminant found in soil, water and air in some zones of the world. It has been widely studied for its effects as a @entity0 carcinogenic agent, but few studies have dealt with neurobehavioral effects. In addition, studies of @entity3 effects on development have only addressed its effects on embryotoxicity and teratogenicity after a single oral, gavage or intraperitoneal exposure. Among the behavioral alterations reported after intoxication with @entity3 are both increased and decreased locomotor activity and @entity4 in a delayed alternation task [Toxicol. Lett. 54 (1990) 345; Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 50 (1993) 100; Brain Res. Bull. 55 (2001) 301]. To further characterize developmental and behavioral alterations induced by @entity3 exposure, @entity1 were exposed to @entity5 (36.70 mg @entity3 /l in drinking water) from gestation day 15 (GD 15) or postnatal day 1 (PND 1), until approximately 4 months old. The pregnant or lactating dams received either the @entity3 solution or regular drinking water and once pups were weaned, they continued receiving the same solution as drinking water. Animals exposed from GD 15 showed @entity2 and both exposed groups showed increased number of errors in a delayed alternation task in comparison to the control group. Total @entity3 (TA) content in brain was similar for both exposed groups and significantly different from the control group. These results indicate that @entity1 exposed to @entity3 during development present deficits in spontaneous locomotor activity and alterations in a spatial learning task.

title: Effects of sodium arsenite exposure on development and behavior in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to examine the neural correlates of @entity0 elicited by the anticipation of public speaking in individuals with @entity2 . Positron emission tomography and @entity3 -water was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow in subjects with DSM-IV @entity2 during @entity0 anticipation. Heart rate and subjective @entity0 were also recorded. While being scanned, subjects were speaking alone either before or after speaking in public. To evaluate anticipatory @entity0 we compared individuals speaking alone before they were speaking in front of an audience with those who did the reverse. RESULTS: Heart rate and subjective @entity0 measures confirmed anticipatory @entity0 in social phobics who performed their private speech before their public. This was accompanied by enhanced cerebral blood flow in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, @entity1 , and in the left amygdaloid-hippocampal region. Brain blood flow was lower in the left temporal pole and bilaterally in the cerebellum in the anticipation group. CONCLUSIONS: Brain regions with altered perfusion presumably reflect changes in neural activity associated with worry about anticipated public performance. We speculate that anticipatory @entity0 in social phobics originates in an affect sensitive fear network encompassing the amygdaloid-hippocampal region, prefrontal, and temporal areas.

title: Cerebral blood flow during anticipation of public speaking in XXXX : a PET study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5 @entity6 polymorphism has been associated with increased risks of @entity1 and @entity3 in several small studies. We examined the association between this polymorphism and new-onset @entity1 , blood pressure (BP) control, and incident cardiovascular events in a large population-based cohort of older adults. METHODS: Eight hundred self-identified African Americans and 1,371 randomly selected white @entity0 in the Cardiovascular Health Study were genotyped. The median duration of follow-up was 8.1 years. RESULTS: The @entity6 polymorphism was not associated with new-onset @entity1 , with BP control, or with incident cardiovascular events in the overall population. In white @entity0 , the CC genotype was associated with higher baseline systolic BP and pulse pressure, compared to the AC or AA genotype. In whites with treated @entity1 at baseline, compared to the AA genotype, the CC genotype was associated with increased risks of incident @entity4 (hazard ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-4.9) and incident @entity2 (hazard ratio = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0). These associations were not observed among white @entity0 without treated @entity1 , but the interaction of genotype with treated @entity1 on @entity2 and @entity4 was only marginally significant. CONCLUSIONS: On the whole, in this large cohort of older adults, the @entity6 polymorphism was not associated with BP control or incident cardiovascular events. The subgroup findings in treated @entity1 need to be confirmed in additional studies.

title: XXXX polymorphisms in the cardiovascular health study: relation to blood pressure, ethnicity, and cardiovascular events.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decreased arterial compliance (AC) is considered an early marker of vascular wall damage. @entity1 gradually decreases arterial compliance. We studied whether treatment with the angiotensin type 1 ( @entity3 (1)) antagonist @entity2 will affect AC in @entity0 with essential @entity1 (EH). METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 with EH, 6 @entity0 and 16 @entity0 , mean age 58.7 +/- 4.1 years, without overt target organ damage were included. Antihypertensive medications were withdrawn for 3 weeks, @entity2 was given at 80- and 160-mg doses. The AC, blood pressure (BP), blood, and urine were measured monthly. Large (C1) and small (C2) AC were derived from radial artery waveforms, obtained using a calibrated tonometer (model CR-2000, HDI Inc., Eagan, MN). RESULTS: After 3 months, systolic BP decreased from 172 +/- 17 to 142 +/- 13 mm Hg (P <.0001) and diastolic BP from 95 +/- 9 to 82 +/- 8 mm Hg (P <.0001). The decrease in BP was significant within 1 month and improved further on. The C1 increased by 22%, from 8.0 +/- 3.1 to 9.7 +/- 2.3 mL/mm Hg x 10 (P <.01). The C2 increased by 35%, from 2.9 +/- 1.3 to 3.9 +/- 1.9 mL/mm Hg x 100 (P <.01). Both C1 and C2 reached statistical significance only after 3 months. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased by 15% from 2,140 +/- 376 to 1,817 +/- 262 dynes/sec/cm(-5) (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2 in @entity0 with EH improves small and large AC. The improvement in AC was significant only after 3 months of treatment, whereas systolic BP, diastolic BP, and SVR decreased earlier. The @entity3 (1) receptor blockade with @entity2 seems to be an effective means of not only lowering BP but of reversal of vascular wall damage, which predisposes to cardiovascular events.

title: Prolonged treatment with the AT1 receptor blocker, XXXX , increases small and large artery compliance in uncomplicated essential @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decreased arterial compliance (AC) is considered an early marker of vascular wall damage. @entity1 gradually decreases arterial compliance. We studied whether treatment with the angiotensin type 1 ( @entity3 (1)) antagonist @entity2 will affect AC in @entity0 with essential @entity1 (EH). METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 with EH, 6 @entity0 and 16 @entity0 , mean age 58.7 +/- 4.1 years, without overt target organ damage were included. Antihypertensive medications were withdrawn for 3 weeks, @entity2 was given at 80- and 160-mg doses. The AC, blood pressure (BP), blood, and urine were measured monthly. Large (C1) and small (C2) AC were derived from radial artery waveforms, obtained using a calibrated tonometer (model CR-2000, HDI Inc., Eagan, MN). RESULTS: After 3 months, systolic BP decreased from 172 +/- 17 to 142 +/- 13 mm Hg (P <.0001) and diastolic BP from 95 +/- 9 to 82 +/- 8 mm Hg (P <.0001). The decrease in BP was significant within 1 month and improved further on. The C1 increased by 22%, from 8.0 +/- 3.1 to 9.7 +/- 2.3 mL/mm Hg x 10 (P <.01). The C2 increased by 35%, from 2.9 +/- 1.3 to 3.9 +/- 1.9 mL/mm Hg x 100 (P <.01). Both C1 and C2 reached statistical significance only after 3 months. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased by 15% from 2,140 +/- 376 to 1,817 +/- 262 dynes/sec/cm(-5) (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2 in @entity0 with EH improves small and large AC. The improvement in AC was significant only after 3 months of treatment, whereas systolic BP, diastolic BP, and SVR decreased earlier. The @entity3 (1) receptor blockade with @entity2 seems to be an effective means of not only lowering BP but of reversal of vascular wall damage, which predisposes to cardiovascular events.

title: Prolonged treatment with the AT1 receptor blocker, @entity2 , increases small and large artery compliance in uncomplicated essential XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 47-year-old @entity0 was admitted for follow-up of an abnormal chest x-ray. He had a history of @entity6 and a @entity5 and a family history of @entity8 . Physical examination showed @entity11 and @entity10 of the tongue. Laboratory data revealed evidence of @entity9 and @entity4 . Contrast echocardiography and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy were suggestive of a right-to-left shunt. From the @entity1 tension and content of blood taken at cardiac catheterization, the shunt ratio was calculated to be 57.8%. Multiple bilateral @entity8 were confirmed by angiography, and the @entity0 was diagnosed as having @entity7 . A review of x-ray films taken over a 24-year period demonstrated that the @entity2 in both lungs had been increasing gradually in size at different rates. A right lower lobectomy relieved the @entity4 , but the @entity0 died unexpectedly on the twelfth postoperative day. There was no evidence of @entity3 on chest film, but no autopsy was performed.

title: @entity7 with growing XXXX followed for 24 years.

answer: @entity8


abstract: A 47-year-old @entity0 was admitted for follow-up of an abnormal chest x-ray. He had a history of @entity6 and a @entity5 and a family history of @entity8 . Physical examination showed @entity11 and @entity10 of the tongue. Laboratory data revealed evidence of @entity9 and @entity4 . Contrast echocardiography and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy were suggestive of a right-to-left shunt. From the @entity1 tension and content of blood taken at cardiac catheterization, the shunt ratio was calculated to be 57.8%. Multiple bilateral @entity8 were confirmed by angiography, and the @entity0 was diagnosed as having @entity7 . A review of x-ray films taken over a 24-year period demonstrated that the @entity2 in both lungs had been increasing gradually in size at different rates. A right lower lobectomy relieved the @entity4 , but the @entity0 died unexpectedly on the twelfth postoperative day. There was no evidence of @entity3 on chest film, but no autopsy was performed.

title: XXXX with growing @entity8 followed for 24 years.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Previous cross-sectional analyses of data from the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airways @entity7 have shown significant relationships of @entity0 to a variety of risk factors, including smoking, chronic productive cough, a history of childhood respiratory illnesses, @entity5 , and serum @entity8 ( @entity8 ). In the present report, we reexamine these relationships in subjects 40 to 74 yr of age to determine the effect of excluding known @entity3 who, as a group, have markedly @entity0 . After exclusion of @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity8 no longer appear to be significant risk factors for @entity0 , and nonasthmatic nonsmokers show almost no remaining @entity0 . In current smokers, quantitative relationships of FEV1 to pack-years of cigarette consumption and to chronic productive cough are changed little by excluding @entity3 . In nonasthmatic ex-smokers, however, age at quitting smoking adds significantly to prediction of FEV1 after accounting for pack-years. Young ex-smokers closely resemble nonsmokers, but they become increasingly similar to current smokers as their age at quitting increases. A history of respiratory trouble before 16 yr of age continues to appear to increase susceptibility to smoking effects, even after exclusion of @entity3 . But, as in previous studies, the possible bias of preferential recall of childhood illnesses by impaired subjects limits interpretations of this observation. On the other hand, present findings suggest that such factors as @entity1 , @entity6 , and elevated serum @entity8 may well be risk factors for persistent @entity2 , but they have no relationship to nonasthmatic forms of @entity4 ( @entity4 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A reexamination of risk factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We hypothesised that: (1) the maximal @entity1 steady state (MLSS), critical power (CP) and electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMG(FT)) occur at the same power output in cycling exercise, and (2) exercise above the power output at MLSS (P-MLSS) results in continued increases in @entity0 uptake ( @entity2 ), blood @entity1 concentration ([La]) and integrated electromyogram (iEMG) with time. Eight healthy subjects [mean (SD) age 25 (3) years, body mass 72.1 (8.2) kg] performed a series of laboratory tests for the determination of MLSS, CP and EMG(FT). The CP was determined from four exhaustive trials of between 2 and 15 min duration. The MLSS was determined as the highest power output at which the increase in blood [La] was less than 1.0 mM across the last 20 min of a series of 30-min trials. The EMG(FT) was determined from four trials of 2 min duration at different power outputs. The surface electromyogram was recorded continuously from the vastus lateralis muscle. The CP was significantly higher than the P-MLSS [242 (25) vs. 222 (23) W; P<0.05], although the two variables were strongly correlated (r=0.95; P<0.01). The EMG(FT) could not be determined in 50% of the subjects. Blood [La], @entity2 and minute ventilation all increased significantly with time for exercise at power outputs above the P-MLSS. In conclusion, the P-MLSS, and not the CP, represents the upper limit of the heavy exercise domain in cycling. During exercise above the P-MLSS, there is no association between changes in iEMG and increases in @entity2 and blood [La] with time.

title: Maximal XXXX steady state, critical power and EMG during cycling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The leg muscle electromyographic responses induced during stance by impulsive displacements of a treadmill belt (directed forward or backward and at different rates) were studied in a group of @entity0 with @entity2 and a group of age-matched healthy subjects. Young normal subjects were also studied both before and after intake of a @entity3 antagonist ( @entity4 ). Compensatory gastrocnemius electromyographic responses resulting from backward-directed displacements were significantly smaller in both the @entity0 and the young normal subjects following intake of @entity4 . The reduced sensitivity of the gastrocnemius muscle to stretch correlated with an inability to compensate for the perturbations. In the @entity0 , the gastrocnemius response was followed by enhanced activation of the tibialis anterior muscle. This was not the case in the normal subjects after intake of @entity3 antagonist and is probably not, therefore, the consequence of acute @entity3 deficiency. In the @entity0 the angular rotation at the ankle joint induced during faster backward-directed displacements was slower than that in normal subjects, despite identical amounts of gastrocnemius electromyographic activity. This supports earlier findings of changes in intrinsic @entity1 in @entity2 . None of these differences were seen when the tibialis anterior muscle was stretched. This differential behavior of the antagonist leg muscles can best be explained by the different function fulfilled by these muscles in regulation of stance and gait.

title: Posture in XXXX : impairment of reflexes and programming.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed for the treatment of @entity1 worldwide. SSRIs are suspected to increase the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior (suicidality) in @entity0 , adolescents, and young adults. We examined the association between SSRI therapy and suicidality by applying a logistic regression model to age-stratified data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System database. We attempted to mitigate the effect of @entity0 -related factors by data subsetting. We selected case reports for SSRIs as referred to in the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification code N06AB. The association between SSRIs and "suicidal events" or "self-harm events" was calculated as a reporting odds ratio (ROR) and adjusted for covariates by logistic regression. For subjects <18 years old (y.o.) the adjusted RORs (95% confidence interval) of SSRI therapy with suicidal events were 9.58 (8.97-10.23) in the whole data analysis and 4.64 (4.15-5.19) in the subset analysis; those with self-harm events were 31.40 (27.71-35.58) and 16.31 (13.12-20.29), respectively. Although the adjusted RORs were lower in the subset analyses than in the whole data analyses, both analyses indicated associations between SSRI treatment and suicidal and self-harm events. In both analyses these associations were stronger in the <18 y.o. group than other age groups. @entity0 and adolescents should be closely monitored for the occurrence of suicidality when they are prescribed SSRIs. In addition, we found that data subsetting might mitigate the effect of an intrinsic risk among @entity0 taking the suspected drug.

title: Association between Selective XXXX Reuptake Inhibitor Therapy and Suicidality: Analysis of U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Data.

answer: @entity2


abstract: During 1982-5 the 19S (IgM) fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (19S (IgM) FTA-ABS) test gave positive results in 19 @entity0 . The parental histories were analysed. As five of the @entity0 were adopted, 14 pregnancies were evaluated. Mothers of foreign origin and extramarital pregnancies were found to be over-represented. Of 13 @entity0 who attended for pregnancy checkup, three were not serologically screened for syphilis. In four the @entity1 had developed late in the course of pregnancy. In at least four treatment had not been given or had been inadequate or too late. At least two had positive 19S (IgM) FTA-ABS test results that did not indicate @entity2 . The possibility of false positive 19S (IgM) FTA-ABS test results is pointed out. As the male sexual partners of four of the 14 mothers had presented elsewhere with early syphilis at the time of their partner's pregnancy, adequate contact tracing appears to be important to prevent @entity2 in future.

title: XXXX in The Netherlands: cause and parental characteristics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. In vitro studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of external @entity4 ([K+]o) and @entity7 ([ @entity5 ]o) concentration on @entity1 coronary arterial basal tone and on @entity3 ( @entity3 )-induced contractions. 2. Acute withdrawal of, or reduction in, [K+]o produced relaxation of basal tone in isolated coronary arteries, whereas acute withdrawal (but not reduction) of [ @entity5 ]o produced contraction of these blood vessels. 3. The magnitude of coronary contraction obtained on withdrawal of [ @entity5 ]o was dependent upon the [K+]o; the higher the [K+]o, the greater the contraction. 4. The precise ratio of [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o appeared to be important in dictating the degree of contraction (maximum response) and sensitivity (EC50) of @entity1 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells to @entity3 . The EC50 to @entity3 was enhanced by increases in the [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratio, whereas the ability of @entity3 to induce a maximal contraction was attenuated by decreases in the [K+]o; the latter being modulated by [ @entity5 ]o. Small changes in [ @entity5 ]o could effect large changes in the EC50 as [K+]o was lowered. 5. These actions took place over patho-physiological ranges of [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o. 6. Maintenance of a constant [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratio, irrespective of the exact [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o, produced similar degrees of maximum tension. 7. Use of intact @entity2 preparations and helically-cut vascular strips produced similar results with varying [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o. 8. A variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists ( @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity11 ), as well as a @entity8 cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses or basal tone evoked by varying [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratios. 9. These results suggest: (1) that basal tone and contractility of @entity1 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to alterations in extracellular K+ and @entity5 ; and (2) @entity3 receptor-operated @entity0 channels, as well as those @entity0 channels involved in generation of coronary arterial basal tone are modulated and controlled by the precise concentrations of [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o.

title: Importance of @entity7 and XXXX concentration on basal tone and @entity3 -induced contractions in @entity1 isolated coronary artery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. In vitro studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of external @entity4 ([K+]o) and @entity7 ([ @entity5 ]o) concentration on @entity1 coronary arterial basal tone and on @entity3 ( @entity3 )-induced contractions. 2. Acute withdrawal of, or reduction in, [K+]o produced relaxation of basal tone in isolated coronary arteries, whereas acute withdrawal (but not reduction) of [ @entity5 ]o produced contraction of these blood vessels. 3. The magnitude of coronary contraction obtained on withdrawal of [ @entity5 ]o was dependent upon the [K+]o; the higher the [K+]o, the greater the contraction. 4. The precise ratio of [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o appeared to be important in dictating the degree of contraction (maximum response) and sensitivity (EC50) of @entity1 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells to @entity3 . The EC50 to @entity3 was enhanced by increases in the [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratio, whereas the ability of @entity3 to induce a maximal contraction was attenuated by decreases in the [K+]o; the latter being modulated by [ @entity5 ]o. Small changes in [ @entity5 ]o could effect large changes in the EC50 as [K+]o was lowered. 5. These actions took place over patho-physiological ranges of [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o. 6. Maintenance of a constant [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratio, irrespective of the exact [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o, produced similar degrees of maximum tension. 7. Use of intact @entity2 preparations and helically-cut vascular strips produced similar results with varying [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o. 8. A variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists ( @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity11 ), as well as a @entity8 cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses or basal tone evoked by varying [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratios. 9. These results suggest: (1) that basal tone and contractility of @entity1 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to alterations in extracellular K+ and @entity5 ; and (2) @entity3 receptor-operated @entity0 channels, as well as those @entity0 channels involved in generation of coronary arterial basal tone are modulated and controlled by the precise concentrations of [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o.

title: Importance of XXXX and @entity4 concentration on basal tone and @entity3 -induced contractions in @entity1 isolated coronary artery.

answer: @entity7


abstract: 1. In vitro studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of external @entity4 ([K+]o) and @entity7 ([ @entity5 ]o) concentration on @entity1 coronary arterial basal tone and on @entity3 ( @entity3 )-induced contractions. 2. Acute withdrawal of, or reduction in, [K+]o produced relaxation of basal tone in isolated coronary arteries, whereas acute withdrawal (but not reduction) of [ @entity5 ]o produced contraction of these blood vessels. 3. The magnitude of coronary contraction obtained on withdrawal of [ @entity5 ]o was dependent upon the [K+]o; the higher the [K+]o, the greater the contraction. 4. The precise ratio of [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o appeared to be important in dictating the degree of contraction (maximum response) and sensitivity (EC50) of @entity1 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells to @entity3 . The EC50 to @entity3 was enhanced by increases in the [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratio, whereas the ability of @entity3 to induce a maximal contraction was attenuated by decreases in the [K+]o; the latter being modulated by [ @entity5 ]o. Small changes in [ @entity5 ]o could effect large changes in the EC50 as [K+]o was lowered. 5. These actions took place over patho-physiological ranges of [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o. 6. Maintenance of a constant [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratio, irrespective of the exact [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o, produced similar degrees of maximum tension. 7. Use of intact @entity2 preparations and helically-cut vascular strips produced similar results with varying [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o. 8. A variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists ( @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity11 ), as well as a @entity8 cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses or basal tone evoked by varying [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratios. 9. These results suggest: (1) that basal tone and contractility of @entity1 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to alterations in extracellular K+ and @entity5 ; and (2) @entity3 receptor-operated @entity0 channels, as well as those @entity0 channels involved in generation of coronary arterial basal tone are modulated and controlled by the precise concentrations of [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o.

title: Importance of @entity7 and @entity4 concentration on basal tone and XXXX -induced contractions in @entity1 isolated coronary artery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. In vitro studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of external @entity4 ([K+]o) and @entity7 ([ @entity5 ]o) concentration on @entity1 coronary arterial basal tone and on @entity3 ( @entity3 )-induced contractions. 2. Acute withdrawal of, or reduction in, [K+]o produced relaxation of basal tone in isolated coronary arteries, whereas acute withdrawal (but not reduction) of [ @entity5 ]o produced contraction of these blood vessels. 3. The magnitude of coronary contraction obtained on withdrawal of [ @entity5 ]o was dependent upon the [K+]o; the higher the [K+]o, the greater the contraction. 4. The precise ratio of [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o appeared to be important in dictating the degree of contraction (maximum response) and sensitivity (EC50) of @entity1 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells to @entity3 . The EC50 to @entity3 was enhanced by increases in the [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratio, whereas the ability of @entity3 to induce a maximal contraction was attenuated by decreases in the [K+]o; the latter being modulated by [ @entity5 ]o. Small changes in [ @entity5 ]o could effect large changes in the EC50 as [K+]o was lowered. 5. These actions took place over patho-physiological ranges of [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o. 6. Maintenance of a constant [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratio, irrespective of the exact [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o, produced similar degrees of maximum tension. 7. Use of intact @entity2 preparations and helically-cut vascular strips produced similar results with varying [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o. 8. A variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists ( @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity11 ), as well as a @entity8 cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses or basal tone evoked by varying [K+]o/[ @entity5 ]o ratios. 9. These results suggest: (1) that basal tone and contractility of @entity1 coronary vascular smooth muscle cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to alterations in extracellular K+ and @entity5 ; and (2) @entity3 receptor-operated @entity0 channels, as well as those @entity0 channels involved in generation of coronary arterial basal tone are modulated and controlled by the precise concentrations of [K+]o and [ @entity5 ]o.

title: Importance of @entity7 and @entity4 concentration on basal tone and @entity3 -induced contractions in XXXX isolated coronary artery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This review starts on one of our special interests, the organ preference of @entity1 . We examined data on 1,117 autopsy cases and found that the organ distribution of @entity1 of @entity2 of the lung, pancreas, stomach, colon, rectum, uterine cervix, liver, bile duct, and esophagus involved the lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone/bone marrow, lymph node, and pleura/peritoneum. Cancers of the kidney, thyroid, ovary, @entity6 , and breast, however, manifested different metastatic patterns. The distribution of @entity8 and @entity5 metastases was quite different from that of @entity2 . On the basis of experimental studies, we believe that the anatomical-mechanical hypothesis should be replaced by the microinjury hypothesis, which suggests that tissue microinjury induced by temporal @entity2 cell embolization is crucial for successful @entity1 . This hypothesis may actually reflect the so-called inflammatory oncotaxis concept. To clarify the mechanisms underlying @entity1 , we developed an experimental model system of a @entity3 @entity4 AH7974 that embraced substrate adhesiveness. This model did not prove a relationship between substrate-adhesion potential and metastatic lung-colonizing potential of @entity2 cells, but metastatic potential was correlated with the expression of the laminin @entity7 that was recognized by Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia isolectin G4. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between @entity7 expression profiles and @entity1 and prognosis. We indeed found an intimate relationship between the @entity7 expression of @entity2 cells and the progression of @entity2 , organ preference of @entity1 , metastatic potential of @entity2 cells, and prognosis of @entity0 .

title: Organ Preference of Cancer @entity1 and XXXX -Related Cell Adhesion Molecules Including Carbohydrates.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This review starts on one of our special interests, the organ preference of @entity1 . We examined data on 1,117 autopsy cases and found that the organ distribution of @entity1 of @entity2 of the lung, pancreas, stomach, colon, rectum, uterine cervix, liver, bile duct, and esophagus involved the lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone/bone marrow, lymph node, and pleura/peritoneum. Cancers of the kidney, thyroid, ovary, @entity6 , and breast, however, manifested different metastatic patterns. The distribution of @entity8 and @entity5 metastases was quite different from that of @entity2 . On the basis of experimental studies, we believe that the anatomical-mechanical hypothesis should be replaced by the microinjury hypothesis, which suggests that tissue microinjury induced by temporal @entity2 cell embolization is crucial for successful @entity1 . This hypothesis may actually reflect the so-called inflammatory oncotaxis concept. To clarify the mechanisms underlying @entity1 , we developed an experimental model system of a @entity3 @entity4 AH7974 that embraced substrate adhesiveness. This model did not prove a relationship between substrate-adhesion potential and metastatic lung-colonizing potential of @entity2 cells, but metastatic potential was correlated with the expression of the laminin @entity7 that was recognized by Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia isolectin G4. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between @entity7 expression profiles and @entity1 and prognosis. We indeed found an intimate relationship between the @entity7 expression of @entity2 cells and the progression of @entity2 , organ preference of @entity1 , metastatic potential of @entity2 cells, and prognosis of @entity0 .

title: Organ Preference of Cancer XXXX and @entity1 -Related Cell Adhesion Molecules Including Carbohydrates.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Surface immobilisation antigens (i-antigens) were purified from two strains of @entity3 (NY1 and G5) that represent different i-antigen serotypes, namely A and D, respectively. The efficacy of the purified antigens as subunit vaccines was then tested in challenge studies using parasites of the homologous or heterologous serotype. Three groups of juvenile @entity2 (70 animals per group) were immunised with i-antigens from either the G5 or NY1 isolates, or with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a control. Proteins were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 microg/fish with complete Freund's adjuvant on day 1, followed by a second injection in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on day 15. Fish immunised with the purified i-antigens developed high titres of serum immobilising antibodies whereas sera from BSA-injected control fish did not. Fish antisera immobilised parasites of the homologous, but not the heterologous strain, and recognised the corresponding i-antigens on Western blots run under non-reducing conditions. On day 36, each group was divided into two subgroups (n=30). One subgroup was challenged with G5 parasites, and the other was challenged with NY1 parasites. When challenged with G5 parasites, 70% of fish immunised with the G5 i-antigens survived. When challenged with NY1 parasites, 33.3% of fish immunised with the NY1 i-antigens survived. All BSA-injected control fish died, as did all fish injected with the purified antigens and challenged with the non-homologous parasite strain. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences among test and control groups with regard to the @entity0 ( @entity0 ). While the results of these studies clearly support a role for i-antigens in protection, active immunity in response to natural infection is not serotype-specific. The utility of i-antigens, as well as the existence of other potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of ' @entity1 , are discussed.

title: Immunisation of XXXX , @entity2 , with @entity3 multifiliis immobilisation antigens elicits serotype-specific protection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Surface immobilisation antigens (i-antigens) were purified from two strains of @entity3 (NY1 and G5) that represent different i-antigen serotypes, namely A and D, respectively. The efficacy of the purified antigens as subunit vaccines was then tested in challenge studies using parasites of the homologous or heterologous serotype. Three groups of juvenile @entity2 (70 animals per group) were immunised with i-antigens from either the G5 or NY1 isolates, or with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a control. Proteins were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 microg/fish with complete Freund's adjuvant on day 1, followed by a second injection in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on day 15. Fish immunised with the purified i-antigens developed high titres of serum immobilising antibodies whereas sera from BSA-injected control fish did not. Fish antisera immobilised parasites of the homologous, but not the heterologous strain, and recognised the corresponding i-antigens on Western blots run under non-reducing conditions. On day 36, each group was divided into two subgroups (n=30). One subgroup was challenged with G5 parasites, and the other was challenged with NY1 parasites. When challenged with G5 parasites, 70% of fish immunised with the G5 i-antigens survived. When challenged with NY1 parasites, 33.3% of fish immunised with the NY1 i-antigens survived. All BSA-injected control fish died, as did all fish injected with the purified antigens and challenged with the non-homologous parasite strain. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences among test and control groups with regard to the @entity0 ( @entity0 ). While the results of these studies clearly support a role for i-antigens in protection, active immunity in response to natural infection is not serotype-specific. The utility of i-antigens, as well as the existence of other potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of ' @entity1 , are discussed.

title: Immunisation of @entity2 , XXXX , with @entity3 multifiliis immobilisation antigens elicits serotype-specific protection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Surface immobilisation antigens (i-antigens) were purified from two strains of @entity3 (NY1 and G5) that represent different i-antigen serotypes, namely A and D, respectively. The efficacy of the purified antigens as subunit vaccines was then tested in challenge studies using parasites of the homologous or heterologous serotype. Three groups of juvenile @entity2 (70 animals per group) were immunised with i-antigens from either the G5 or NY1 isolates, or with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a control. Proteins were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 microg/fish with complete Freund's adjuvant on day 1, followed by a second injection in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on day 15. Fish immunised with the purified i-antigens developed high titres of serum immobilising antibodies whereas sera from BSA-injected control fish did not. Fish antisera immobilised parasites of the homologous, but not the heterologous strain, and recognised the corresponding i-antigens on Western blots run under non-reducing conditions. On day 36, each group was divided into two subgroups (n=30). One subgroup was challenged with G5 parasites, and the other was challenged with NY1 parasites. When challenged with G5 parasites, 70% of fish immunised with the G5 i-antigens survived. When challenged with NY1 parasites, 33.3% of fish immunised with the NY1 i-antigens survived. All BSA-injected control fish died, as did all fish injected with the purified antigens and challenged with the non-homologous parasite strain. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences among test and control groups with regard to the @entity0 ( @entity0 ). While the results of these studies clearly support a role for i-antigens in protection, active immunity in response to natural infection is not serotype-specific. The utility of i-antigens, as well as the existence of other potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of ' @entity1 , are discussed.

title: Immunisation of @entity2 , @entity2 , with XXXX multifiliis immobilisation antigens elicits serotype-specific protection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This research was carried out to investigate the effectiveness, rationality, and safety of laparotomy management compared with uterine artery embolization (UAE) combined with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) for the treatment of deep implantation cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP II). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 29 @entity0 seen between June 2008 and February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The @entity0 were divided into the surgery group and the UAE combined with @entity3 group according to the treatment they received. We compared the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' clinical characteristics did not differ between the surgery group and the UAE combined with @entity3 group. However, the mean @entity1 was decreased in the surgery group compared with the UAE combined with @entity3 group (90      4.5  mL vs. 286      5.2  mL, p  <  0.05). No @entity0 required blood transfusion in the surgery group, whereas two @entity0 in the UAE combined with @entity3 group received blood transfusions. The length of time for the serum beta @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG) level to normalize, the time required for the disappearance of the gestational mass, and the duration of hospital stay were significantly less in the surgery group than in the UAE combined with @entity3 group (13.7      1.0 days vs. 40.7      1.7 days, 7.1      1.3 days vs. 135.4      6.7 days, and 11.0      1.2 days vs. 41.4      3.2 days, respectively; p  <  0.01). Although the treatment success rate did not differ significantly between the two groups, the success rate was 100% for the surgery group and 73% for the UAE combined with @entity3 group. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment can remove gestational masses and allow wound repair. Moreover, laparotomy  is available in almost all hospitals. Thus, surgery can be an effective and reasonable treatment for CSP II.

title: Management of type II unruptured cesarean scar pregnancy: Comparison of gestational mass excision and uterine artery embolization combined with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The goal of this study was to examine humoral mechanisms that regulate blood flow to the choroid plexus. We determined the effects of @entity3 on blood flow (microspheres) to the choroid plexus in anesthetized and awake @entity0 . In anesthetized @entity0 , blood flow to the choroid plexus was 342 +/- 31 (mean +/- SEM) ml/min/100 g under control conditions. Intravenous infusion of @entity1 at 4 and 40 mU/kg increased plasma @entity1 levels from 11 +/- 1 to 55 +/- 15 and 441 +/- 120 pg/ml, respectively, and blood flow to the choroid plexus decreased by 48 +/- 6% and 70 +/- 4%. Cerebral blood flow was not affected by infusion of @entity1 . Similar responses to infusion of @entity1 were observed in awake @entity0 . The V1 antagonist [ @entity4 ] (10 micrograms/kg i.v.) had no effect on resting blood flow, but abolished the effect of @entity1 on blood flow to the choroid plexus. Vasoconstrictor responses of the choroid plexus to intravenous infusion of @entity2 were not attenuated by the V1 antagonist. Thus, circulating @entity1 , at plasma levels that are observed under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, has marked effects on blood flow to the choroid plexus. These effects appear to be mediated through a V1 receptor. We speculate that @entity1 may play an important role in regulation of blood flow to the choroid plexus and perhaps in the regulation of cerebrospinal fluid production.

title: Humoral regulation of blood flow to choroid plexus: role of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The high mortality rate in @entity1 is a concern for the surgeons on duty, who most know the physiopathological problems and the decisions needed in view of both @entity1 . The mortality rate from liver @entity2 has fallen from 60% at the beginning of this century, blunt @entity2 to the abdomen from accidents, is responsible for 80-90% of all liver injures in Europe. The severity of @entity1 in 268 @entity0 in a prospective study (1978-1998), were treated according to a defined protocol. Non operative management was used in first day, for those who were haemodynamically stable on admission. In unstable @entity0 who proceeded to surgery, under optimal condition the mortality rate was 34.3%. @entity4 in @entity0 with multiple injures should only rarely result from liver @entity2 . 92 @entity0 with minor injures (grade I-II) were treated by simple suture, with mortality rate of 6%. 116 @entity0 (43%) sustained complex hepatic injures (grade III to V); 64 @entity0 with grade III (23%), 36 with grade IV (13%). 16 @entity0 (5%) grade V, injury under went finger @entity3 of @entity1 alone 36. The mortality rate in this group was 18% (III), 36% (IV). 16 @entity0 with grad V injury were managed with 68% mortality rate. Juxtahepatic veins and retrohepatic V.C.I. injury continue to carry a prohibitive mortality rate (90-100%).

title: [Observations regarding surgical treatment in liver XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The nature and organisation of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) associated with the early phase of a @entity1 were studied. Upper limb elevations, performed at maximal velocity, were studied according to three conditions: bilateral flexions (BF) and unilateral flexions without and with an additional inertia (respectively OUF and IUF). Activities of the anterior part of the deltoid (DA) and of main muscles of the lower limbs, pelvis, trunk and scapular girdle were recorded by surface electromyography. Miniature-accelerometers enabled the recording of the tangential acceleration of the arm at wrist level (Aw) and the antero-posterior accelerations of various body links. Systematic investigations allow a precise description of the segmental phenomena which precede the onset of the @entity0 . Before the activation of the anterior deltoid, a sequence of EMG modifications occurred in muscles of lower limbs, pelvis and trunk. The onset of Aw was preceded by anticipatory local accelerations of all the body links. Anticipatory EMG activities and local accelerations were organised according to patterns which were specific to the forthcoming @entity0 . By comparing anticipatory EMG activities with anticipatory local accelerations, the nature of anticipatory postural movements can be determined. They appear to counteract the disturbing effects of the forthcoming @entity0 . Because of their reproducibility and specificity, the anticipatory postural movements can be considered as preprogrammed. Postural adjustments and @entity0 appear to be parts of the same motor program. @entity0 should result from muscular functional synergies selected from a pre-evaluation of the perturbative aspects of the forthcoming movement.

title: Posturo-kinetic organisation during the early phase of XXXX . 1. Normal subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thymic cysts are considered uncommon lesions in the differential diagnosis of pediatric neck masses. They have been described as asymptomatic and of little clinical consequence. Recent reports have stressed the possibility of respiratory compromise associated with these lesions. We reviewed our experience with cervical @entity8 with emphasis on respiratory problems. Ten pediatric @entity0 underwent surgery and were found to have cervical @entity8 . Ages ranged from newborn to 14 years. There were four @entity0 and six @entity0 . Two were found to have the @entity8 at time of neck exploration for Grave's disease and @entity5 . Of the remaining eight @entity0 , all had mobile cystic masses, located anterior to but extending beneath the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The size of the mass ranged from 3.0 to 8.5 cm. Preoperative diagnosis included @entity6 / @entity7 (five), @entity3 (one), @entity1 (one), and thymic cyst (one). All had a history of rapidly developing neck mass. Seven of the eight gave a history of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) prior to the development of the mass. Five had imaging studies that showed tracheal compression. Three of these required airway management in the early postoperative period. All were excised through a neck incision, with two requiring sternal extension. Histology showed @entity2 crystals, Hassall's corpuscles, and giant cell reaction diagnosis of @entity8 . There has been no recurrence and no permanent respiratory sequela in the ten @entity0 . Cervical @entity8 are benign lesions that may be more common than literature suggests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Respiratory complications in cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the bladder is a rare entity in the pediatric population, with an incidence of less than 0.4% in @entity0 younger than 20 years. These @entity0 overwhelmingly present with non-muscle-invasive low-grade disease and an indolent behavior. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the source of the different natural history between pediatric population and adults; we hypothesized that pediatric @entity2 may stem from different molecular pathways. Our objective with this descriptive case series was to study the main genes involved in pediatric @entity2 using immunohistochemical (IHC) and mutational analysis. By studying the genetic alterations and immunophenotype of the most commonly altered genes in bladder @entity1 in three @entity1 we could gain better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis in this rare disease. STUDY DESIGN: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue slides of urothelial @entity2 from three pediatric @entity0 were retrospectively identified at Columbia University pathology archives (1990-2011) and re-evaluated. @entity9 , @entity11 , and @entity12 hotspots mutational analyses were conducted by polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing from the FFPE tissue blocks. IHC analysis was conducted using antibodies against @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity8 . Proliferative rate was assessed by Ki-67 expression. RESULTS: Two @entity0 had low-grade Ta disease, whereas the other @entity1 was classified as a @entity10 of low malignant potential. None of the lesions recurred. Notably, all specimens showed @entity11 @entity13 mutation, whereas they were characterized by wild-type @entity9 and @entity12 . Nuclear @entity5 was not detected, whereas @entity6 and @entity7 expression were maintained. @entity4 was expressed in the three cases and @entity8 was negative. The proliferation rate was very low in all cases. DISCUSSION: It is difficult to draw strong conclusions from the study of three @entity1 treated at the same institution and from the same referral population, and a multicentric study should be performed to confirm these preliminary results. However, we propose that @entity11 mutation analysis could be performed on urothelial @entity2 of pediatric @entity0 . The knowledge in the molecular basis of urothelial @entity2 in @entity0 opens a promising field which could lead us to establish different guidelines for surveillance and follow-up of pediatric @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 are characterized by a consistent @entity11 mutation status, whereas @entity9 and @entity5 pathways are not involved in this @entity1 initiation. These results may explain the few recurrences seen in this population.

title: @entity11 mutation is a key molecular feature of pediatric XXXX . A detailed report of three cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the bladder is a rare entity in the pediatric population, with an incidence of less than 0.4% in @entity0 younger than 20 years. These @entity0 overwhelmingly present with non-muscle-invasive low-grade disease and an indolent behavior. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the source of the different natural history between pediatric population and adults; we hypothesized that pediatric @entity2 may stem from different molecular pathways. Our objective with this descriptive case series was to study the main genes involved in pediatric @entity2 using immunohistochemical (IHC) and mutational analysis. By studying the genetic alterations and immunophenotype of the most commonly altered genes in bladder @entity1 in three @entity1 we could gain better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis in this rare disease. STUDY DESIGN: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue slides of urothelial @entity2 from three pediatric @entity0 were retrospectively identified at Columbia University pathology archives (1990-2011) and re-evaluated. @entity9 , @entity11 , and @entity12 hotspots mutational analyses were conducted by polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing from the FFPE tissue blocks. IHC analysis was conducted using antibodies against @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity8 . Proliferative rate was assessed by Ki-67 expression. RESULTS: Two @entity0 had low-grade Ta disease, whereas the other @entity1 was classified as a @entity10 of low malignant potential. None of the lesions recurred. Notably, all specimens showed @entity11 @entity13 mutation, whereas they were characterized by wild-type @entity9 and @entity12 . Nuclear @entity5 was not detected, whereas @entity6 and @entity7 expression were maintained. @entity4 was expressed in the three cases and @entity8 was negative. The proliferation rate was very low in all cases. DISCUSSION: It is difficult to draw strong conclusions from the study of three @entity1 treated at the same institution and from the same referral population, and a multicentric study should be performed to confirm these preliminary results. However, we propose that @entity11 mutation analysis could be performed on urothelial @entity2 of pediatric @entity0 . The knowledge in the molecular basis of urothelial @entity2 in @entity0 opens a promising field which could lead us to establish different guidelines for surveillance and follow-up of pediatric @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 are characterized by a consistent @entity11 mutation status, whereas @entity9 and @entity5 pathways are not involved in this @entity1 initiation. These results may explain the few recurrences seen in this population.

title: XXXX mutation is a key molecular feature of pediatric @entity2 . A detailed report of three cases.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Between 1971 and 1987 48 @entity0 (35 female and 13 male) underwent operations at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, for primary @entity9 . The age of the @entity0 ranged from 21 to 71 years. Clinical symptoms were @entity4 , cardiac murmurs and findings similar to @entity10 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity8 . 39 of the @entity1 were benign and 9 were malignant. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and/or cineangiocardiography. The left atrium was most commonly involved, followed by the right atrium. Surgery was performed in all cases using cardiopulmonary bypass. @entity1 were totally removed, including attachment to the atrial septum or the free wall. In one case the @entity1 resection was carried out by autotransplantation of the heart. During the perioperative period we lost one of the 39 @entity0 with @entity1 due to @entity6 . Observing a mean follow up period of 48 months, no recurrence of @entity1 was noted and all @entity0 are doing well now. The @entity1 could not be removed completely, and in 4 cases only a reduction of the @entity1 mass was possible. Three of the 9 @entity0 died during the postoperative period. Only one @entity0 survived longer than 48 months. Whereas surgical therapy of malignant @entity9 is still a matter of discussion based upon these discouraging results, benign or semimalignant @entity9 have a very favourable prognosis when the surgical intervention can be performed prior to the occurrence of severe complications, such as @entity4 and @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Primary XXXX --clinical experiences and late results in 48 @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Between 1971 and 1987 48 @entity0 (35 female and 13 male) underwent operations at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, for primary @entity9 . The age of the @entity0 ranged from 21 to 71 years. Clinical symptoms were @entity4 , cardiac murmurs and findings similar to @entity10 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity8 . 39 of the @entity1 were benign and 9 were malignant. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and/or cineangiocardiography. The left atrium was most commonly involved, followed by the right atrium. Surgery was performed in all cases using cardiopulmonary bypass. @entity1 were totally removed, including attachment to the atrial septum or the free wall. In one case the @entity1 resection was carried out by autotransplantation of the heart. During the perioperative period we lost one of the 39 @entity0 with @entity1 due to @entity6 . Observing a mean follow up period of 48 months, no recurrence of @entity1 was noted and all @entity0 are doing well now. The @entity1 could not be removed completely, and in 4 cases only a reduction of the @entity1 mass was possible. Three of the 9 @entity0 died during the postoperative period. Only one @entity0 survived longer than 48 months. Whereas surgical therapy of malignant @entity9 is still a matter of discussion based upon these discouraging results, benign or semimalignant @entity9 have a very favourable prognosis when the surgical intervention can be performed prior to the occurrence of severe complications, such as @entity4 and @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Primary @entity9 --clinical experiences and late results in 48 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence indicates that subclinical @entity7 has important clinical effects and prognostic implications, supporting the view that it is not a compensated biochemical change sensu strictu. PURPOSE: To review clinical information on the effects of subclinical @entity7 on the heart. DATA SOURCES: English-language articles identified from files and a MEDLINE search (1970-September 2001), references of relevant articles, textbooks, and meeting abstracts. STUDY SELECTION: Reports on the effects of @entity8 and @entity9 on the cardiovascular system in @entity0 . DATA EXTRACTION: Data on cardiac structure and performance, @entity6 , and risk for @entity3 were independently assessed by all authors and summarized. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity8 is associated with impaired left ventricular diastolic function at rest, @entity2 on effort, and enhanced risk for @entity5 and @entity4 . Subclinical @entity9 is associated with increased heart rate, @entity6 , increased left ventricular mass with marginal concentric remodeling, impaired ventricular relaxation, reduced exercise performance, and increased risk for @entity1 . All abnormalities were reversed by restoration of euthyroidism ( @entity8 ) or were blunted by beta-blockade and tailoring of the @entity10 dose ( @entity9 ). CONCLUSION: The heart responds to the minimal but persistent changes in circulating @entity11 levels typical of subclinical @entity7 . Thus, the condition is not a compensated biochemical change sensu strictu, and timely treatment should be considered in an attempt to avoid adverse cardiovascular effects.

title: Effects of subclinical XXXX on the heart.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Treatment options for metastatic soft-tissue @entity2 are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical activity of @entity3 rechallenge in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and high-grade @entity2 not otherwise specified. METHODS: A retrospective search of the Royal Marsden @entity2 Unit Database was performed to identify @entity0 initially treated with @entity3 (as single agent or in combination) and who were subsequently rechallenged with single-agent @entity3 . Baseline demographics and response assessment were retrospectively obtained. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity0 were identified and the median age at diagnosis was 41 years (range, 18 to 71 y). There were 29 cases of @entity4 , 17 of @entity5 , 12 of @entity6 , and 9 of @entity2 not otherwise specified. First-line @entity3 -containing therapy was given to 14 @entity0 as adjuvant therapy (adjuvant group) and 53 @entity0 as palliative therapy (palliative group). Clinical activity (partial response or stable disease) with single-agent @entity3 rechallenge was documented in 50.0% of @entity0 in the adjuvant group (7 in the second line) and 34.0% of @entity0 in the palliative group (15 in the second line, 1 in third line, and 2 in the fourth line). The median progression-free survival in @entity0 with documented clinical activity was 11.5 months (95% CI, 8.8-12.3) and 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.1-9.0), respectively, in the adjuvant and palliative group. @entity3 rechallenge was mostly active in @entity4 @entity0 (49.3%, 14 out of 29 @entity0 with partial remission or stable disease). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 rechallenge has clinical activity in soft-tissue @entity2 and can be considered a viable option in treating @entity1 .

title: Successful XXXX Rechallenge in Soft-Tissue @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Treatment options for metastatic soft-tissue @entity2 are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical activity of @entity3 rechallenge in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and high-grade @entity2 not otherwise specified. METHODS: A retrospective search of the Royal Marsden @entity2 Unit Database was performed to identify @entity0 initially treated with @entity3 (as single agent or in combination) and who were subsequently rechallenged with single-agent @entity3 . Baseline demographics and response assessment were retrospectively obtained. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity0 were identified and the median age at diagnosis was 41 years (range, 18 to 71 y). There were 29 cases of @entity4 , 17 of @entity5 , 12 of @entity6 , and 9 of @entity2 not otherwise specified. First-line @entity3 -containing therapy was given to 14 @entity0 as adjuvant therapy (adjuvant group) and 53 @entity0 as palliative therapy (palliative group). Clinical activity (partial response or stable disease) with single-agent @entity3 rechallenge was documented in 50.0% of @entity0 in the adjuvant group (7 in the second line) and 34.0% of @entity0 in the palliative group (15 in the second line, 1 in third line, and 2 in the fourth line). The median progression-free survival in @entity0 with documented clinical activity was 11.5 months (95% CI, 8.8-12.3) and 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.1-9.0), respectively, in the adjuvant and palliative group. @entity3 rechallenge was mostly active in @entity4 @entity0 (49.3%, 14 out of 29 @entity0 with partial remission or stable disease). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 rechallenge has clinical activity in soft-tissue @entity2 and can be considered a viable option in treating @entity1 .

title: Successful @entity3 Rechallenge in Soft-Tissue XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent brain imaging and lesion studies provide converging evidence for amygdala involvement in judgments of fear and trust based on facial expression [Adolphs et al., Nature 393 (1998) 470; Adolphs et al., Neuropsychologia 37 (1999) 1111; Breiter et al., Neuron 17 (1996) 875; Winston et al., Nat. Neurosci. 5 (3) (2002) 277]. Another type of social information apparent in face stimuli is social group membership. Imaging studies have reported amygdala activation to face stimuli of different racial groups [Hart et al., NeuroReport 11 (11) (2000) 2351]. In White American subjects, amygdala activation to Black versus White faces was correlated with indirect, implicit measures of racial evaluation [Phelps et al., J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12 (5) (2000) 729]. To determine if the amygdala plays a critical role in indirect social group evaluation, as suggested by the imaging results, a @entity0 with bilateral @entity1 and control subjects were given two measures of race bias. All subjects were female, White Americans. The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a direct, self-report measure of race attitudes and beliefs. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is an indirect, automatic evaluation task. Performance on the two tasks did not differ between the @entity0 with @entity1 and control subjects. All subjects showed a pro-Black bias on the direct, explicit measure of race beliefs, the @entity2 , and a negative evaluation towards Black faces on the indirect measure of race evaluation, the IAT. These results indicate that even though amygdala activation to Black versus White faces is correlated with performance on indirect measures of race bias [Phelps et al., J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12 (5) (2000) 729], the amygdala is not critical for normal performance on the IAT.

title: Intact performance on an indirect measure of race bias following XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A variety of heavy metals are recognized as environmental pollutants, and although a significant body of literature exists on the acute @entity2 of these metals in various tissues, little is known about the effects of metals such as @entity4 on host defense. Therefore, the effect of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) on @entity0 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) function in vitro was evaluated. The acute @entity2 of @entity6 for @entity0 PMN was calculated initially using vital dye exclusion (trypan blue), and @entity5 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Concentrations of @entity6 less than or equal to 10(-6) M did not induce significant LDH release, or uptake of @entity7 . Additionally, @entity6 at less than or equal to 10(-7) M produced no ultrastructural alterations in the PMN. The effects of @entity6 on @entity0 PMN functions involved in host defense were evaluated next. @entity6 consistently suppressed @entity0 PMN adherence, polarization, chemotaxis, and erythrophagocytosis at concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-17) M. Because of the established role of @entity1 metabolites in host defense, the effects of @entity6 on @entity0 PMN chemiluminescence and @entity3 production were evaluated next. These studies demonstrated that low concentrations of @entity6 (ie, 10(-9)-10(-15) M) significantly enhanced chemiluminescence, as well as stimulated @entity3 production by the PMN. These studies clearly demonstrate the ability of extremely low levels of @entity6 not only to suppress various PMN functions involved in host defense, but also to stimulate @entity1 metabolism. In vivo, these @entity6 effects would not only compromise host defense but also promote tissue injury via the local production of @entity1 metabolites.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity0 polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A variety of heavy metals are recognized as environmental pollutants, and although a significant body of literature exists on the acute @entity2 of these metals in various tissues, little is known about the effects of metals such as @entity4 on host defense. Therefore, the effect of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) on @entity0 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) function in vitro was evaluated. The acute @entity2 of @entity6 for @entity0 PMN was calculated initially using vital dye exclusion (trypan blue), and @entity5 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Concentrations of @entity6 less than or equal to 10(-6) M did not induce significant LDH release, or uptake of @entity7 . Additionally, @entity6 at less than or equal to 10(-7) M produced no ultrastructural alterations in the PMN. The effects of @entity6 on @entity0 PMN functions involved in host defense were evaluated next. @entity6 consistently suppressed @entity0 PMN adherence, polarization, chemotaxis, and erythrophagocytosis at concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-17) M. Because of the established role of @entity1 metabolites in host defense, the effects of @entity6 on @entity0 PMN chemiluminescence and @entity3 production were evaluated next. These studies demonstrated that low concentrations of @entity6 (ie, 10(-9)-10(-15) M) significantly enhanced chemiluminescence, as well as stimulated @entity3 production by the PMN. These studies clearly demonstrate the ability of extremely low levels of @entity6 not only to suppress various PMN functions involved in host defense, but also to stimulate @entity1 metabolism. In vivo, these @entity6 effects would not only compromise host defense but also promote tissue injury via the local production of @entity1 metabolites.

title: Effects of @entity4 on XXXX polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To present our clinical experience using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to improve dose uniformity and treatment efficacy in @entity1 with @entity0 treated with breast-conserving therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 281 @entity1 with Stage 0, I, and II @entity0 treated with breast-conserving therapy received whole breast RT after lumpectomy using our static, multileaf collimator (sMLC) IMRT technique. The technical and practical aspects of implementing this technique on a large scale in the clinic were analyzed. The clinical outcome of @entity1 treated with this technique was also reviewed. RESULTS: The median time required for three-dimensional alignment of the tangential fields and dosimetric IMRT planning was 40 and 45 min, respectively. The median number of sMLC segments required per @entity1 to meet the predefined dose-volume constraints was 6 (range 3-12). The median percentage of the treatment given with open fields (no sMLC segments) was 83% (range 38-96%), and the median treatment time was <10 min. The median volume of breast receiving 105% of the prescribed dose was 11% (range 0-67.6%). The median breast volume receiving 110% of the prescribed dose was 0% (range 0-39%), and the median breast volume receiving 115% of the prescribed dose was also 0%. A total of 157 @entity1 (56%) experienced Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 0 or I acute @entity3 ; 102 @entity1 (43%) developed @entity3 and only 3 (1%) experienced @entity3 . The cosmetic results at 12 months (95 @entity1 analyzable) were rated as excellent/good in 94 @entity1 (99%). No @entity4 , significant @entity2 , or persistent @entity5 was noted. CONCLUSION: The use of intensity modulation with our sMLC technique for tangential whole breast RT is an efficient method for achieving a uniform and standardized dose throughout the whole breast. Strict dose-volume constraints can be readily achieved resulting in both uniform coverage of breast tissue and a potential reduction in acute and chronic @entity3 . Because the median number of sMLC segments required per @entity1 is only 6, the treatment time is equivalent to conventional wedged-tangent treatment techniques. As a result, widespread implementation of this technology can be achieved with minimal imposition on clinic resources and time constraints.

title: Optimizing XXXX treatment efficacy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both the @entity5 ( @entity5 ), consisting of the supplementary motor area ( @entity7 ) proper, the pre- @entity7 , and the @entity4 cortex are supplied by the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and are involved in higher motor control. The Bereitschaftspotential (BP) originates from the @entity5 and reflects cognitive preparation processes before volitional movements. @entity6 may lead to impaired motor control in the absence of limb @entity2 and evoke an @entity10 ( @entity10 ) in its extreme form. AIM: To characterize the clinical spectrum of disturbed motor control after @entity6 , including signs attributable to @entity10 and to identify the underlying neuroanatomical correlates. METHODS: A clinical assessment focusing on signs of disturbed motor control including intermanual conflict (i.e., bilateral hand movements directed at opposite purposes), lack of self-initiated movements, exaggerated grasping, motor perseverations, @entity8 , and @entity9 was performed. Symptoms were grouped into (A) @entity10 -specific and (B) non- @entity10 -specific signs of upper limbs, and (C) @entity9 . Lesion summation mapping was applied to the @entity0 ' MRI or CT scans to reveal associated lesion patterns. The BP was recorded in two @entity0 . RESULTS: Ten @entity0 with @entity6 (nine unilateral, one bilateral; mean age: 74.2   years; median NIH-SS at admission: 13.0) were included in this case series. In the acute stage, all cases had marked difficulties to perform volitional hand movements, while movements in response to external stimuli were preserved. In the chronic stage (median follow-up: 83.5   days) initiation of @entity3 improved, although all @entity0 showed persistent signs of disturbed motor control. Impaired motor control is predominantly associated with damaged voxels within the @entity5 and the anterior and medial cingulate cortex, while lesions within the pre- @entity7 are specifically related to @entity10 . No BP was detected over the damaged hemisphere. CONCLUSION: @entity6 involving the premotor cortices, particularly the pre- @entity7 , are associated with @entity10 -specific signs. In the acute phase, motor behavior is characterized by the inability to carry out self-initiated movements. Motor control deficits may persist to a variable degree beyond the acute phase. Alterations of the BP point to an underlying @entity1 in @entity10 .

title: Supplementary Motor Complex and Disturbed Motor Control - a Retrospective Clinical and Lesion Analysis of XXXX after Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Since 1996 when @entity4 receptor beta( @entity8 ) was discovered, much effort has been devoted to the question of the value of @entity8 as a prognostic and/or predictive factor in @entity0 and its potential as a novel target for pharmacological intervention. When @entity4 receptors are applied on @entity6 gradients and quantified by ligand binding, we found that in contrast to @entity7 , which has a narrow tissue distribution, @entity8 is expressed in many tissues including both normal and malignant breast tissue. Receptor protein levels in tissues can also be measured from the intensities of bands after Western blotting and can be quantified when purified and quantified receptor is used as a standard. With this technique, we found that there were some @entity2 which had over 600 fmol/mg of @entity8 protein but no detectable @entity3 binding. In @entity2 , RT-PCR analysis revealed that @entity8 cx is the only @entity8 isoform present. @entity8 cx is a splice variant which utilizes an alternative exon 8. This change in the C-terminus results in very poor binding to @entity3 (E2) and has a dominant negative effect on @entity7 function. Immunohistochemical analysis with an @entity8 cx specific antibody in 115 @entity7 -positive @entity0 revealed that about half of the samples expressed @entity8 cx protein. Initial analysis of samples from @entity1 with preoperative @entity5 treatment revealed that @entity7 -positive @entity2 expressing @entity8 cx and lacking PR seemed to be resistant to the anti- @entity4 . We conclude that, in order to better characterize @entity0 and design appropriate therapy for individual @entity1 , assays for @entity8 cx must be made available to clinicians.

title: Clinical impact of assay of XXXX receptor beta cx in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Since 1996 when @entity4 receptor beta( @entity8 ) was discovered, much effort has been devoted to the question of the value of @entity8 as a prognostic and/or predictive factor in @entity0 and its potential as a novel target for pharmacological intervention. When @entity4 receptors are applied on @entity6 gradients and quantified by ligand binding, we found that in contrast to @entity7 , which has a narrow tissue distribution, @entity8 is expressed in many tissues including both normal and malignant breast tissue. Receptor protein levels in tissues can also be measured from the intensities of bands after Western blotting and can be quantified when purified and quantified receptor is used as a standard. With this technique, we found that there were some @entity2 which had over 600 fmol/mg of @entity8 protein but no detectable @entity3 binding. In @entity2 , RT-PCR analysis revealed that @entity8 cx is the only @entity8 isoform present. @entity8 cx is a splice variant which utilizes an alternative exon 8. This change in the C-terminus results in very poor binding to @entity3 (E2) and has a dominant negative effect on @entity7 function. Immunohistochemical analysis with an @entity8 cx specific antibody in 115 @entity7 -positive @entity0 revealed that about half of the samples expressed @entity8 cx protein. Initial analysis of samples from @entity1 with preoperative @entity5 treatment revealed that @entity7 -positive @entity2 expressing @entity8 cx and lacking PR seemed to be resistant to the anti- @entity4 . We conclude that, in order to better characterize @entity0 and design appropriate therapy for individual @entity1 , assays for @entity8 cx must be made available to clinicians.

title: Clinical impact of assay of @entity4 receptor beta cx in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Salivary and microbial conditions were examined in 124 50-60-yr-old @entity0 attending a dental clinic of the Public Dental Health Service. They were then randomly divided into a control and a test group. @entity0 with low salivary secretion rate and buffer capacity and high numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in the test group received special caries preventive measures during 1 yr. In the control group all @entity0 were given prevention according to routine procedures. The incidence of @entity1 between the groups was compared. The risk @entity0 in the control group developed 1.67 new carious lesions as compared to 0.19 in the test group. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Also the numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were significantly lower in the risk @entity0 in the test group after 1 yr compared with baseline values. After the experimental year all @entity0 were treated according to routine procedures. Five years after the start of the study a new examination showed increased caries activity in the risk @entity0 in the test group and the gain which had been made during the experimental year was almost lost.

title: Effect of preventive measures in 50-60-year-olds with a high risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1