abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nanoshell-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) is currently being investigated as a standalone therapy for the treatment of @entity1 . The cellular effects of PTT include loss of membrane integrity, so we hypothesized that nanoshell-mediated PTT could potentiate the @entity2 of chemotherapy by improving drug accumulation in @entity1 cells. In this work, we validated our hypothesis using @entity3 as a model drug and SUM149 @entity0 cells as a model @entity1 subtype. In initial studies, SUM149 cells were exposed to nano-shells and near-infrared light and then stained with @entity5 homodimer-1, which is excluded from cells with an intact plasma membrane. The results confirmed that nanoshell-mediated PTT could increase membrane permeability in SUM149 cells. In complementary experiments, SUM149 cells treated with nanoshells, near-infrared light, or a combination of the two to yield low-dose PTT were exposed to fluorescent @entity4 . Analyzing @entity4 fluorescence in cells via flow cytometry confirmed that increased membrane permeability caused by PTT could enhance drug accumulation in cells. This was validated using fluorescence microscopy to assess intracellular distribution of @entity3 . In succeeding experiments, SUM149 cells were exposed to subtherapeutic levels of @entity3 , low-dose PTT, or a combination of the two treatments to determine whether the additional drug uptake induced by PTT is sufficient to enhance cell death. Analysis revealed minimal loss of viability relative to controls in cells exposed to subtherapeutic levels of @entity3 , 15% loss of viability in cells exposed to low-dose PTT, and 35% loss of viability in cells exposed to combination therapy. These data indicate that nanoshell-mediated PTT is a viable strategy to potentiate the effects of chemotherapy and warrant further investigation of this approach using other drugs and @entity1 subtypes.

title: Nanoshell-mediated photothermal therapy can enhance chemotherapy in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Soy supplements are often recommended in the management of menopause symptoms. The declared content of soy supplements is commonly expressed as total @entity5 per dosage form. Given that soy @entity5 have different estrogenic potencies, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate the total @entity4 content and the aglycone profile of seven soy supplements and one soy seed extract. Label accuracy was assessed, in relation to the precise content and the recommended posology for estimating whether the optimal dose is achieved for alleviating menopause symptoms. METHODS: A high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for evaluating the aglycone content ( @entity0 , @entity7 , @entity6 ). After extraction and acidic hydrolysis, the aglycones were separated on a C18 column, using 0.1% @entity2 and @entity3 as mobile phases. The flow rate was 1.5mL @entity1 ) and the UV detector wavelength was set at 260nm. A linear relationship was found in the range 5-80 g mL(-1). The method was validated using the accuracy profile methodology. RESULTS: The total @entity4 content ranged from 6.07 to 41.68mg dosage form(-1). Various aglycone profiles were obtained for each supplement which can result in a different estrogenic activity, bioavailability and finally, in a different efficiency in alleviating menopause symptoms. In most clinical trials where soy @entity5 were evaluated, little attention was paid to determining the exact aglycone profile of the employed soy extracts. CONCLUSIONS: As clinical outcomes continue to be controversial, this study highlights the need of standardization in @entity0 , rather than total @entity5 and labeling accuracy for soy supplements.

title: Assessment of XXXX aglycones variability in soy food supplements using a validated HPLC-UV method.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Weight loss during chemotherapy is a significant prognostic factor for poor survival in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 (AGC). However, in most studies, @entity1 was measured at the end of chemotherapy, limiting its clinical use. In this study, we evaluated whether @entity1 during the first month of chemotherapy could predict survival outcomes in @entity0 with AGC. METHODS: We analyzed 719 @entity0 with metastatic or recurrent AGC who were receiving palliative chemotherapy. We calculated the initial body mass index (BMIi), percent @entity1 after 1  month of chemotherapy (  W 1m), percent @entity1 after last administration of chemotherapy (  W end), and average @entity1 per month during chemotherapy (  W/m). We correlated these data with overall survival (OS) by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier curves, and performed a subgroup analysis using Cox regression. RESULTS: The probabilities of longer OS had stronger correlations with   W/m and   W 1m than with   W end or BMIi. A significant positive correlation between   W 1m and   W/m (r (2)  =  0.591, p  <  0.001) was observed. Median OS of @entity0 with   W 1m more than 3  % was significantly shorter than in @entity0 with less @entity1 (OS: 9.7 vs. 16.3  months, p  <  0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that   W 1m accompanied poor survival irrespective of other clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: Weight loss at the very first month of palliative chemotherapy could predict unfavorable survival outcomes in AGC.

title: Weight loss at the first month of palliative chemotherapy predicts survival outcomes in @entity0 with advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Weight loss during chemotherapy is a significant prognostic factor for poor survival in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 (AGC). However, in most studies, @entity1 was measured at the end of chemotherapy, limiting its clinical use. In this study, we evaluated whether @entity1 during the first month of chemotherapy could predict survival outcomes in @entity0 with AGC. METHODS: We analyzed 719 @entity0 with metastatic or recurrent AGC who were receiving palliative chemotherapy. We calculated the initial body mass index (BMIi), percent @entity1 after 1  month of chemotherapy (  W 1m), percent @entity1 after last administration of chemotherapy (  W end), and average @entity1 per month during chemotherapy (  W/m). We correlated these data with overall survival (OS) by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier curves, and performed a subgroup analysis using Cox regression. RESULTS: The probabilities of longer OS had stronger correlations with   W/m and   W 1m than with   W end or BMIi. A significant positive correlation between   W 1m and   W/m (r (2)  =  0.591, p  <  0.001) was observed. Median OS of @entity0 with   W 1m more than 3  % was significantly shorter than in @entity0 with less @entity1 (OS: 9.7 vs. 16.3  months, p  <  0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that   W 1m accompanied poor survival irrespective of other clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: Weight loss at the very first month of palliative chemotherapy could predict unfavorable survival outcomes in AGC.

title: Weight loss at the first month of palliative chemotherapy predicts survival outcomes in XXXX with advanced @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical improvement of a total posterior arthroplasty system in the surgical management of lumbar @entity2 and or @entity3 . METHODS: During a 1-year period (June 2006 to July 2007), ten @entity0 were enrolled in a non-randomized prospective clinical study. The primary indication was @entity4 due to @entity3 with single-level @entity2 . @entity0 were evaluated with X-rays and MRI scans, visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg @entity1 , the @entity5 questionnaire, and the SF-36 health survey preoperatively, at 6  weeks, 3  months and 6  months and at 1, 2, 3 and 7  years postoperatively. RESULTS: The VAS score for back @entity1 dropped from 56.2 preoperatively to 12.5 at 6  weeks and 19 at 7  years follow-up. The VAS score for worse leg @entity1 dropped from 83.5 before surgery to 13 at 6  weeks and 8.8 at 7  years follow-up. The ODI dropped from 49.1 preoperatively to 13.5 at 6  weeks and 7.8 at 7  years follow-up. MRI examination at 7  years after surgery did not demonstrate stenosis adjacent to the stabilized segment. Spondylolisthesis did not progress in any of the cases. One @entity0 had a symptomatic L3-L4 far lateral disc herniation 5  years after surgery whose symptoms resolved with non-operative treatment. In one @entity0 , conversion to posterolateral fusion was performed due to an early device malfunction. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 , decompression and posterior arthroplasty with the TOPS System can maintain clinical improvement and radiologic stability over time.

title: Seven years follow-up for total lumbar facet joint replacement (TOPS) in the management of lumbar spinal stenosis and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of this study was to assess the incidence of soft tissue injury in the @entity3 by magnetic resonance image (MRI) and reveal the relationship between the articular widening/ @entity4 and the risk of meniscus and @entity1 . A total of 54 @entity0 with @entity3 were indicated for operative intervention. Soft tissue injuries were assessed by MRI. Meniscus, anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments and medial/lateral collateral ligaments injuries on MRI were evaluated. The articular widening/ @entity4 was measured in picture archiving and communication systems. Schatzker classification of fracture types was not significantly associated with soft tissue injuries. The rates of soft tissue injury in types IV and II (respectively, 85.7 and 74.1  %) were higher than those in other types. The @entity2 was the most common soft tissue damage, and the incidence of @entity2 was 55.6  %. When LPDCT and LPWCT were, respectively, about 7.6  mm and 10.1  mm and LPDX-ray and LPWX-ray, respectively, 5.6 and 7.4  mm, more attention should be paid on the collateral and cruciate @entity2 in types I, II and III. Furthermore, when LPWCT and LPWX-ray were, respectively, about 10.3 and 8.6  mm, the collateral and cruciate ligaments were susceptible to injury in types IV and V. In conclusion, @entity3 can occur high morbidity of soft tissue injury, including meniscus and @entity1 . X-ray and CT scan had different predicting standards for soft tissue injury, and the articular widening/ @entity4 in the tibial plateau was associated with meniscus and @entity2 .

title: The distinct prediction standards for radiological assessments associated with soft tissue injuries in the acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Postprandial metabolic response depends on the meals' components and can be different in normal weight and @entity1 @entity0 . However, there are some discrepancies between various reports. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic response after intake of standardised meals with various fat and @entity6 contents and to determine the differences among normal weight and overweight/ @entity1 individuals. The study group comprised 46 healthy @entity0 . The @entity0 were divided into two groups and study was carried out using a crossover method. Group I received high- and normal- @entity6 meals, whereas group II received high- @entity6 and high-fat meals. @entity3 , insulin, @entity2 , and @entity8 levels were measured at fasting state and at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after meal intake. Despite the lack of differences in @entity3 levels, insulin levels were higher among overweight/ @entity1 individuals after each meal. TG and FFA levels were higher after normal- @entity6 and high-fat meals. Moreover, in overweight/ @entity1 young @entity0 after high-fat meal intake postprandial @entity7 was observed, even if meals contained predominantly @entity4 , and fasting @entity5 levels were in normal range. The conducted study showed that postprandial metabolic response depends not only on the meal macronutrient content but also on the current body mass index (BMI).

title: Intake of Meals Containing High Levels of Carbohydrates or High Levels of XXXX Induces Postprandial Dysmetabolism in Young Overweight/Obese @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Postprandial metabolic response depends on the meals' components and can be different in normal weight and @entity1 @entity0 . However, there are some discrepancies between various reports. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic response after intake of standardised meals with various fat and @entity6 contents and to determine the differences among normal weight and overweight/ @entity1 individuals. The study group comprised 46 healthy @entity0 . The @entity0 were divided into two groups and study was carried out using a crossover method. Group I received high- and normal- @entity6 meals, whereas group II received high- @entity6 and high-fat meals. @entity3 , insulin, @entity2 , and @entity8 levels were measured at fasting state and at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after meal intake. Despite the lack of differences in @entity3 levels, insulin levels were higher among overweight/ @entity1 individuals after each meal. TG and FFA levels were higher after normal- @entity6 and high-fat meals. Moreover, in overweight/ @entity1 young @entity0 after high-fat meal intake postprandial @entity7 was observed, even if meals contained predominantly @entity4 , and fasting @entity5 levels were in normal range. The conducted study showed that postprandial metabolic response depends not only on the meal macronutrient content but also on the current body mass index (BMI).

title: Intake of Meals Containing High Levels of Carbohydrates or High Levels of @entity4 Induces Postprandial Dysmetabolism in Young Overweight/Obese XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Having three or more persisting (i.e. > 3 months) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) affects a significant number of @entity0 after a mild @entity3 (mTBI). A common complaint is @entity1 . However, several meta-analyses have found no evidence of long-term @entity1 in mTBI @entity0 . The study sought to answer two questions: first, is there a difference in cognitive performance between @entity5 and recovered mTBI @entity0 ? Second, is lower cognitive reserve a risk factor for developing @entity5 ? RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective inception cohort study. METHODS AND PROCEDURE: One hundred and twenty-two adult @entity0 were recruited from emergency departments within 24 hours of an mTBI. Three months @entity2 , @entity0 completed the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and a neuropsychological assessment. A healthy control group (n = 35) were recruited. The estimate of cognitive reserve was based upon sub-test Information from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and international classifications of educational level and occupational skill level. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS: mTBI @entity0 showed reduced memory performance. @entity0 with lower cognitive reserve were 4.14-times more likely to suffer from @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: mTBI may be linked to @entity4 . Lower cognitive reserve appears to be a risk factor for @entity5 and indicates individual vulnerabilities.

title: Cognitive reserve and persistent @entity5 -A prospective mild XXXX (mTBI) cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Having three or more persisting (i.e. > 3 months) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) affects a significant number of @entity0 after a mild @entity3 (mTBI). A common complaint is @entity1 . However, several meta-analyses have found no evidence of long-term @entity1 in mTBI @entity0 . The study sought to answer two questions: first, is there a difference in cognitive performance between @entity5 and recovered mTBI @entity0 ? Second, is lower cognitive reserve a risk factor for developing @entity5 ? RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective inception cohort study. METHODS AND PROCEDURE: One hundred and twenty-two adult @entity0 were recruited from emergency departments within 24 hours of an mTBI. Three months @entity2 , @entity0 completed the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and a neuropsychological assessment. A healthy control group (n = 35) were recruited. The estimate of cognitive reserve was based upon sub-test Information from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and international classifications of educational level and occupational skill level. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS: mTBI @entity0 showed reduced memory performance. @entity0 with lower cognitive reserve were 4.14-times more likely to suffer from @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: mTBI may be linked to @entity4 . Lower cognitive reserve appears to be a risk factor for @entity5 and indicates individual vulnerabilities.

title: Cognitive reserve and persistent XXXX -A prospective mild @entity3 (mTBI) cohort study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have been considered to be the most important known risk factors for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). It has been the fastest growing @entity1 in the Western World and has occurred against a backdrop of progressive reduction in the risk estimate of @entity1 associated with @entity4 and no reduction in mortality from @entity5 using the prevailing screening and surveillance guidelines. The recently published link between high risk HPV and Barrett's @entity7 / @entity1 may be the 'missing' strong risk factor responsible for the significant rise of @entity5 since the 1970's, as has been the case with @entity2 , another viral associated @entity1 . @entity6 immunohistochemistry has been proposed as a good molecular marker for predicting disease progression in @entity8 . Nevertheless, significant negative staining for this mutation in @entity8 remains a major hurdle to widespread routine clinical use as a sole molecular marker. Recent data raises the distinct possibility of at least 2 (probably more) carcinogenic pathways operating in @entity5 . One is HPV mediated devoid largely of @entity6 mutations and the other @entity6 dependent. The joint use of both these markers as part of a molecular panel may represent the best bet yet of detecting the high risk group of progressors to @entity5 . @entity0 who are positive for either or both biomarkers i.e @entity6 or/and transcriptional markers of HPV may warrant more intensive screening. In future, genome wide technology may provide molecular signatures to aid diagnosis and risk stratification in @entity4 .

title: XXXX : Can meaningful screening and surveillance guidelines be formulated based on new data and rejigging the old paradigm?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a neonatal emergency surgery whose prognosis has improved significantly in industrialised countries in recent decades. In sub-Saharan Africa, this @entity4 is still responsible for a high morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to analyse the diagnostic difficulties and its impact on the prognosis of this @entity4 in our work environment. @entity0 AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study over 4 years on 49 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity6 in the 2 Paediatric Surgery Departments in Dakar. RESULTS: The average age was 4 days (0-10 days), 50% of them had a severe pneumonopathy. The average time of surgical management was 27 h (6-96 h). In the series, we noted 10 preoperative @entity1 . The average age at surgery was 5.7 days with a range of 1-18 days. The surgery mortality rate is 28 @entity0 (72%) including 4 late @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The causes of death were mainly sepsis, @entity2 and @entity5 .

title: XXXX : Diagnosis and prognosis in Dakar, Senegal.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the results and complications after partial parotidectomy vs superficial parotidectomy, as primary treatment of @entity1 . Study design: Case-control study. Setting: University hospital. Subjects and methods: A case-control study is presented on parotidectomy, comparing a group of 25 @entity0 treated by partial parotidectomy vs a similar group of 25 @entity0 treated by superficial parotidectomy. All @entity0 had primary @entity1 , were matched by sex and age, and had a minimum follow-up of 4 years. Independent variables included sex, age, medical history, intra-operative variables (surgical time, estimated @entity2 , type of drainage, use of collagen), fine-needle aspiration cytology, computed tomography findings, and final histopathological diagnosis. Outcome measures were early and late complications, such as @entity4 , @entity3 , sialocele, @entity5 , and recurrence. Results: Partial parotidectomy resulted in less early and late complications than superficial parotidectomy, with similar recurrence rates. Temporal facial paresis was found in 4% of partial surgeries, vs 12% of superficial parotidectomies, a significant difference. Three months after surgery, only one @entity0 has a persistent marginal nerve paresis. In contrast, sialocele was more common after partial parotidectomy (28% vs 16%), a significant difference. Conclusions: Partial parotidectomy achieves less early and late complications than superficial parotidectomy, with similar recurrence rates.

title: The role of partial parotidectomy for XXXX : A case-control study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical strategy for the treatment of synchronous resectable @entity4 remains controversial. The aims of this study were to analyze the outcome and overall survival of @entity0 presenting with @entity5 and liver @entity1 treated by simultaneous resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1990 and June 2009, 35 @entity0 diagnosed with synchronous hepatic @entity1 from @entity5 received simultaneous resection of both primary @entity5 and synchronous hepatic @entity1 . The clinicopathologic features and the surgical results of the 35 @entity0 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate after surgery was 14.3%. Five @entity0 survived for more than 5 years after surgery. No mortality has occurred within 30 days after resection, although two @entity0 (5.7%) developed complications during the peri-operative course. Univariate analysis revealed that @entity0 with the presence of lymphovascular invasion of the @entity2 , bilateral liver @entity1 and multiple liver @entity1 suffered poor survival. Lymphovascular invasion by the @entity3 and multiple liver @entity1 were significant prognostic factors that influenced survival in the multivariate analysis (p=0.02, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of lymphovascular invasion of the @entity2 and multiple liver @entity1 are significant prognostic determinants of survival. @entity5 @entity0 without lymphovascular invasion and with a solitary synchronous liver @entity1 may be good candidates for hepatic resection. Simultaneous resection of both primary @entity5 and synchronous hepatic @entity1 may effectively prolong survival in strictly selected @entity0 .

title: Outcome after Simultaneous Resection of XXXX and Synchronous Liver Metastases: Survival Analysis of a Single-center Experience in China.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is one of the most common @entity3 among @entity1 worldwide and the @entity4 receptor plays an important role in its development and progression. This systematic review aimed to summarize the role of @entity4 in brain @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a literature search by advanced search in title field using the Scopus, Pubmed, and Google scholar databases until the end of June 2014. With @entity2 , metastatic, @entity4 , brain, and @entity0 , as terms of search we selected 31 articles, which were reviewed by two independent and blinded expert reviewers. The studies were first selected according to their titles and abstracts. Quality of the studies were then assessed using the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) protocol for observational studies and CONSORT(Consolidation of Standards for Reporting Trials) protocol for clinical trials. For statistical analyses, we used STATA, version 11.0 software. Forest and funnel diagrams were drawn and for heterogeneity, index was also considered. Also we used meta regression analysis. RESULTS: Finally, we reviewed 10 studies. The prevalence of brain @entity2 in @entity4 - positive @entity0 @entity1 was 24.9%. There was publication bias in the reviewed studies. Meta regression analysis showed that follow up time had no significant effect (p=0.396) on the prevalence of brain @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The results showed a high prevalence of brain @entity2 in @entity4 positive @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Role of XXXX in Brain Metastasis of @entity0 : a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is one of the most common @entity3 among @entity1 worldwide and the @entity4 receptor plays an important role in its development and progression. This systematic review aimed to summarize the role of @entity4 in brain @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a literature search by advanced search in title field using the Scopus, Pubmed, and Google scholar databases until the end of June 2014. With @entity2 , metastatic, @entity4 , brain, and @entity0 , as terms of search we selected 31 articles, which were reviewed by two independent and blinded expert reviewers. The studies were first selected according to their titles and abstracts. Quality of the studies were then assessed using the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) protocol for observational studies and CONSORT(Consolidation of Standards for Reporting Trials) protocol for clinical trials. For statistical analyses, we used STATA, version 11.0 software. Forest and funnel diagrams were drawn and for heterogeneity, index was also considered. Also we used meta regression analysis. RESULTS: Finally, we reviewed 10 studies. The prevalence of brain @entity2 in @entity4 - positive @entity0 @entity1 was 24.9%. There was publication bias in the reviewed studies. Meta regression analysis showed that follow up time had no significant effect (p=0.396) on the prevalence of brain @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The results showed a high prevalence of brain @entity2 in @entity4 positive @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Role of @entity4 in Brain Metastasis of XXXX : a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We studied the motility of filamentous mat-forming cyanobacteria consisting primarily of Oscillatoria-like cells growing under low-light, low- @entity0 , and high- @entity2 conditions in Lake Huron's submerged sinkholes using in situ observations, in vitro measurements and time-lapse microscopy. Gliding movement of the cyanobacterial trichomes (100-10,000  m long filaments, composed of cells    10  m wide and    3  m tall) revealed individual as well as group-coordinated motility. When placed in a petri dish and dispersed in ground water from the sinkhole, filaments re-aggregated into defined colonies within minutes, then dispersed again. Speed of individual filaments increased with temperature from    50  m @entity3 ) or    15 body lengths @entity3 ) at 10  C to    215  m @entity3 ) or    70 body lengths @entity3 ) at 35  C - rates that are rapid relative to non-flagellated/ciliated microbes. Filaments exhibited precise and coordinated positive phototaxis toward pinpoints of light and congregated under the light of foil cutouts. Such light-responsive clusters showed an increase in photosynthetic yield - suggesting phototactic motility aids in light acquisition as well as photosynthesis. Once light source was removed, filaments slowly spread out evenly and re-aggregated, demonstrating coordinated movement through inter-filament communication regardless of light. Pebbles and pieces of broken shells placed upon intact mat were quickly covered by vertically motile filaments within hours and became fully buried in the anoxic sediments over 3-4 diurnal cycles - likely facilitating the preservation of falling debris. Coordinated horizontal and vertical filament motility optimize mat cohesion and dynamics, photosynthetic efficiency and sedimentary @entity1 burial in modern-day sinkhole habitats that resemble the shallow seas in Earth's early history. Analogous cyanobacterial motility may have played a key role in the oxygenation of the planet by optimizing photosynthesis while favoring @entity1 burial.

title: Seeking sunlight: rapid phototactic motility of filamentous mat-forming cyanobacteria optimize photosynthesis and enhance XXXX burial in Lake Huron's submerged sinkholes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with high microsatellite-instable have clinical and pathological features that differentiate them from microsatellite-stable or @entity3 , which was studied rarely in @entity1 , promoting the present investigation of the usefulness of @entity2 status as a predictor of the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil in @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Data of 460 @entity0 who underwent primary anterior resection with a double stapling technique for @entity3 at a single institution from 2008 to 2012 were retrospectively collected. All @entity0 experienced a total mesorectal excision (TME) operation. Survival analysis were analyzed using the Cox regression method. RESULTS: Five-year rate of disease-free survival (DFS) was noted in 390 (84.8%) of 460 @entity0 with @entity1 . Of 460 tissue specimens, 97 (21.1%) exhibited @entity4 . Median age of the @entity0 was 65 (50-71) and 185 (40.2%) were male. After univariate and multivariate analysis, microsatellite instability (p= 0.001), female sex (p< 0.05) and fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy (p< 0.001), the 3 factors were attributed to a favorable survival status independently. Among 201 @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, those @entity1 displaying @entity4 had a better 5-year rate of DFS than @entity1 exhibiting microsatellite stability or low-frequency instability (HR, 13.61 [95% CI, 1.88 to 99.28]; p= 0.010), while in 259 @entity0 who received adjuvant chemotherapy, there was no DFS difference between the two groups (p= 0.145). Furthermore, @entity0 exhibiting microsatellite stability or low-frequency instability who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a better 5-year rate of DFS than @entity0 did not (HR, 5.16 [95% CI, 2.90 to 9.18]; p< 0.001), while @entity0 exhibiting @entity4 were not connected with increased DFS (p= 0.696). It was implied that female @entity0 had better survival than male. CONCLUSION: Survival status after anterior resection of @entity3 is related to the microsatellite instability status, adjuvant chemotherapy and gender. Fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy benefits @entity0 of @entity1 with microsatellite-stable or low microsatellite-instable, but not those with high microsatellite- instable. Additionally, free of adjuvant chemotherapy, @entity3 with high microsatellite-instable have a better 5-year rate of DFS than those with microsatellite-stable or low microsatellite-instable, and female @entity0 have a better survival as well.

title: XXXX Instability Status as a Predictor of Benefit from Fluorouracil-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with high microsatellite-instable have clinical and pathological features that differentiate them from microsatellite-stable or @entity3 , which was studied rarely in @entity1 , promoting the present investigation of the usefulness of @entity2 status as a predictor of the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil in @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Data of 460 @entity0 who underwent primary anterior resection with a double stapling technique for @entity3 at a single institution from 2008 to 2012 were retrospectively collected. All @entity0 experienced a total mesorectal excision (TME) operation. Survival analysis were analyzed using the Cox regression method. RESULTS: Five-year rate of disease-free survival (DFS) was noted in 390 (84.8%) of 460 @entity0 with @entity1 . Of 460 tissue specimens, 97 (21.1%) exhibited @entity4 . Median age of the @entity0 was 65 (50-71) and 185 (40.2%) were male. After univariate and multivariate analysis, microsatellite instability (p= 0.001), female sex (p< 0.05) and fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy (p< 0.001), the 3 factors were attributed to a favorable survival status independently. Among 201 @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, those @entity1 displaying @entity4 had a better 5-year rate of DFS than @entity1 exhibiting microsatellite stability or low-frequency instability (HR, 13.61 [95% CI, 1.88 to 99.28]; p= 0.010), while in 259 @entity0 who received adjuvant chemotherapy, there was no DFS difference between the two groups (p= 0.145). Furthermore, @entity0 exhibiting microsatellite stability or low-frequency instability who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a better 5-year rate of DFS than @entity0 did not (HR, 5.16 [95% CI, 2.90 to 9.18]; p< 0.001), while @entity0 exhibiting @entity4 were not connected with increased DFS (p= 0.696). It was implied that female @entity0 had better survival than male. CONCLUSION: Survival status after anterior resection of @entity3 is related to the microsatellite instability status, adjuvant chemotherapy and gender. Fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy benefits @entity0 of @entity1 with microsatellite-stable or low microsatellite-instable, but not those with high microsatellite- instable. Additionally, free of adjuvant chemotherapy, @entity3 with high microsatellite-instable have a better 5-year rate of DFS than those with microsatellite-stable or low microsatellite-instable, and female @entity0 have a better survival as well.

title: @entity3 Instability Status as a Predictor of Benefit from Fluorouracil-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity4 is the leading cause of @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was incorporated into the national immunization program in Mexico in 2008. The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of @entity7 serotypes isolated from @entity0  <=5  years of age with @entity1 before and after the introduction of PCV7. METHODS: Isolates from sterile fluids, tissues and other body fluids were obtained from 1993 to 2012. Isolates collected in hospitals for the surveillance network were sent to the Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica. Serotyping was done using the Quellung reaction. The pre-vaccination period was considered from 1993-2007. RESULTS: A total of 1346 isolates were collected during 1993-2012. In the pre-vaccination era, serotypes included in PCV7 accounted for 59.7% of the strains, whereas in 2012 they represented only 21% of cases. There was a significant decrease in all PCV7-included serotypes. A gradual increase of the @entity8 serotype was detected during the vaccination period from 7% in 2008 to 39% of the isolates in 2012. In this year, 29% of the serotypes causing invasive disease were not included in any of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. CONCLUSION: The emergence of PCV7 non-included serotypes after vaccination demands increased surveillance. Currently in Mexico, the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) offers better coverage than the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10).

title: XXXX Serotypes Identified in Mexican @entity0 with Invasive Disease before and After the Introduction of PCV7 (1993-2012).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity4 is the leading cause of @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was incorporated into the national immunization program in Mexico in 2008. The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of @entity7 serotypes isolated from @entity0  <=5  years of age with @entity1 before and after the introduction of PCV7. METHODS: Isolates from sterile fluids, tissues and other body fluids were obtained from 1993 to 2012. Isolates collected in hospitals for the surveillance network were sent to the Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica. Serotyping was done using the Quellung reaction. The pre-vaccination period was considered from 1993-2007. RESULTS: A total of 1346 isolates were collected during 1993-2012. In the pre-vaccination era, serotypes included in PCV7 accounted for 59.7% of the strains, whereas in 2012 they represented only 21% of cases. There was a significant decrease in all PCV7-included serotypes. A gradual increase of the @entity8 serotype was detected during the vaccination period from 7% in 2008 to 39% of the isolates in 2012. In this year, 29% of the serotypes causing invasive disease were not included in any of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. CONCLUSION: The emergence of PCV7 non-included serotypes after vaccination demands increased surveillance. Currently in Mexico, the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) offers better coverage than the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10).

title: @entity4 Serotypes Identified in Mexican XXXX with Invasive Disease before and After the Introduction of PCV7 (1993-2012).

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This paper provides an overview of @entity2 due to vascular @entity3 , which is referred to as vascular @entity2 (VCI). Over the past decades, we have seen marked progress in detecting VCI, both through maturation of diagnostic concepts and through advances in brain imaging, especially MRI. Yet in daily practice, it is often challenging to establish the diagnosis, particularly in @entity0 where there is no evident temporal relation between a cerebrovascular event and @entity2 . Because @entity5 is such a common cause of @entity2 , it provides an obvious target for treatment. In @entity0 whose @entity2 follows directly after a @entity1 , the etiological classification of this @entity1 will direct treatment. In many @entity0 however, VCI develops due to so-called "silent @entity5 ," without evident cerebrovascular events. In these @entity0 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are the most common cause. Yet no SVD-specific treatments currently exist, which is due to incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology. This review addresses developments in this field. It offers a framework to translate diagnostic criteria to daily practice, addresses treatment, and highlights some future perspectives. This article is part of a Special Issue titled "Vascular Contributions to @entity2 and @entity4 ," edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau, and Donna M. Wilcock.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This paper provides an overview of @entity2 due to vascular @entity3 , which is referred to as vascular @entity2 (VCI). Over the past decades, we have seen marked progress in detecting VCI, both through maturation of diagnostic concepts and through advances in brain imaging, especially MRI. Yet in daily practice, it is often challenging to establish the diagnosis, particularly in @entity0 where there is no evident temporal relation between a cerebrovascular event and @entity2 . Because @entity5 is such a common cause of @entity2 , it provides an obvious target for treatment. In @entity0 whose @entity2 follows directly after a @entity1 , the etiological classification of this @entity1 will direct treatment. In many @entity0 however, VCI develops due to so-called "silent @entity5 ," without evident cerebrovascular events. In these @entity0 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are the most common cause. Yet no SVD-specific treatments currently exist, which is due to incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology. This review addresses developments in this field. It offers a framework to translate diagnostic criteria to daily practice, addresses treatment, and highlights some future perspectives. This article is part of a Special Issue titled "Vascular Contributions to @entity2 and @entity4 ," edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau, and Donna M. Wilcock.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe @entity12 in @entity2 signaling during early development is associated with a constellation of physical @entity4 , including @entity9 . It is thought that more subtle @entity12 of this system, which might be achievable via dietary (i.e. @entity11 ) or pharmacological (i.e. @entity5 ) exposure in @entity0 , will manifest on behavioral domains including sociability, without overt physical abnormalities. METHODS: During early life, @entity7 were exposed to low doses of two chemicals that disrupt @entity2 signaling. From 0 to 5dpf, larvae were reared in aqueous solutions containing @entity6 (0, 0.02, 0.2 or 2nM) or @entity5 (0, 0.5, 5.0 or 50 M). One cohort of @entity7 was assessed using a locomotor activity screen at 6-dpf; another was reared to adulthood and assessed using a neurobehavioral test battery ( @entity1 , novel tank exploration, shoaling, and predator escape/avoidance). RESULTS: There was no significant increase in the incidence of physical @entity3 among exposed fish compared to controls. Both @entity6 and @entity5 exposures during development disrupted @entity8 with persisting behavioral alterations later in life, primarily manifesting as @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: Social behavior and some aspects of motor function were altered in exposed fish; the importance of examining emotional or psychological consequences of early life exposure to @entity2 acting chemicals is discussed.

title: Persistent behavioral effects following early life exposure to @entity6 or XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe @entity12 in @entity2 signaling during early development is associated with a constellation of physical @entity4 , including @entity9 . It is thought that more subtle @entity12 of this system, which might be achievable via dietary (i.e. @entity11 ) or pharmacological (i.e. @entity5 ) exposure in @entity0 , will manifest on behavioral domains including sociability, without overt physical abnormalities. METHODS: During early life, @entity7 were exposed to low doses of two chemicals that disrupt @entity2 signaling. From 0 to 5dpf, larvae were reared in aqueous solutions containing @entity6 (0, 0.02, 0.2 or 2nM) or @entity5 (0, 0.5, 5.0 or 50 M). One cohort of @entity7 was assessed using a locomotor activity screen at 6-dpf; another was reared to adulthood and assessed using a neurobehavioral test battery ( @entity1 , novel tank exploration, shoaling, and predator escape/avoidance). RESULTS: There was no significant increase in the incidence of physical @entity3 among exposed fish compared to controls. Both @entity6 and @entity5 exposures during development disrupted @entity8 with persisting behavioral alterations later in life, primarily manifesting as @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: Social behavior and some aspects of motor function were altered in exposed fish; the importance of examining emotional or psychological consequences of early life exposure to @entity2 acting chemicals is discussed.

title: Persistent behavioral effects following early life exposure to @entity6 or @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe @entity12 in @entity2 signaling during early development is associated with a constellation of physical @entity4 , including @entity9 . It is thought that more subtle @entity12 of this system, which might be achievable via dietary (i.e. @entity11 ) or pharmacological (i.e. @entity5 ) exposure in @entity0 , will manifest on behavioral domains including sociability, without overt physical abnormalities. METHODS: During early life, @entity7 were exposed to low doses of two chemicals that disrupt @entity2 signaling. From 0 to 5dpf, larvae were reared in aqueous solutions containing @entity6 (0, 0.02, 0.2 or 2nM) or @entity5 (0, 0.5, 5.0 or 50 M). One cohort of @entity7 was assessed using a locomotor activity screen at 6-dpf; another was reared to adulthood and assessed using a neurobehavioral test battery ( @entity1 , novel tank exploration, shoaling, and predator escape/avoidance). RESULTS: There was no significant increase in the incidence of physical @entity3 among exposed fish compared to controls. Both @entity6 and @entity5 exposures during development disrupted @entity8 with persisting behavioral alterations later in life, primarily manifesting as @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: Social behavior and some aspects of motor function were altered in exposed fish; the importance of examining emotional or psychological consequences of early life exposure to @entity2 acting chemicals is discussed.

title: Persistent behavioral effects following early life exposure to XXXX or @entity5 in @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies hypothesized that the analysis of magnetic resonance intensity of the solid portion in paediatric @entity1 can provide pre-surgical information about the histopathology. Classically, high signal-intensity in T2weighted (T2w) images identifies low-grade @entity1 , while anaplasia is characterized by T2 hypointensity. We aimed to investigate if T2w signal intensities can pre-operatively distinguish between low-grade and high-grade @entity2 in paediatric @entity0 . METHODS: Two raters, blinded to the histological diagnosis, rated the signal intensity of MR images (T2w) from 36 @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 , 17 @entity0 with low-grade @entity2 and 19 @entity0 with high-grade @entity2 were included in this study. Relative T2 values were obtained by dividing the T2w values of the solid portion of the @entity1 by the T2w values of the vitreous humour. RESULTS: The best cut-off point to distinguish low and high-grade paediatric @entity2 was 0.8. If the signal intensity was less than or equal to 0.8 the @entity1 was expected to be a high-grade @entity1 with a sensitivity of 100%. Prediction of a low-grade @entity1 was more uncertain with a sensitivity of 70.5%. Overall, 86% of the @entity1 would have been predicted correctly. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that T2w signal intensities of the solid portion of @entity2 in paediatrics can pre-operatively differentiate between low-grade and high-grade @entity1 . In addition, T2 hypointensity may be helpful in targeting stereotactic biopsy.

title: Analysis of T2 signal intensity helps in the differentiation between high and low-grade XXXX in paediatric @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies hypothesized that the analysis of magnetic resonance intensity of the solid portion in paediatric @entity1 can provide pre-surgical information about the histopathology. Classically, high signal-intensity in T2weighted (T2w) images identifies low-grade @entity1 , while anaplasia is characterized by T2 hypointensity. We aimed to investigate if T2w signal intensities can pre-operatively distinguish between low-grade and high-grade @entity2 in paediatric @entity0 . METHODS: Two raters, blinded to the histological diagnosis, rated the signal intensity of MR images (T2w) from 36 @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 , 17 @entity0 with low-grade @entity2 and 19 @entity0 with high-grade @entity2 were included in this study. Relative T2 values were obtained by dividing the T2w values of the solid portion of the @entity1 by the T2w values of the vitreous humour. RESULTS: The best cut-off point to distinguish low and high-grade paediatric @entity2 was 0.8. If the signal intensity was less than or equal to 0.8 the @entity1 was expected to be a high-grade @entity1 with a sensitivity of 100%. Prediction of a low-grade @entity1 was more uncertain with a sensitivity of 70.5%. Overall, 86% of the @entity1 would have been predicted correctly. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that T2w signal intensities of the solid portion of @entity2 in paediatrics can pre-operatively differentiate between low-grade and high-grade @entity1 . In addition, T2 hypointensity may be helpful in targeting stereotactic biopsy.

title: Analysis of T2 signal intensity helps in the differentiation between high and low-grade @entity2 in paediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: DD-Carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) are low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity0 -binding proteins (PBPs) that are mainly involved in the peptidoglycan remodelling, but little is known about the DD-CPases of mycobacteria. In this study a putative DD-CPase of @entity3 , MSMEG_2433 has been characterized. The gene for the membrane-bound form of MSMEG_2433 was cloned and expressed in @entity1 in its active form as revealed by its ability to bind to the @entity5 (fluorescent @entity0 ). Interestingly, in vivo expression of MSMEG_2433 could restore the cell-shape oddities of the septuple PBP mutant of @entity1 , which was a prominent physiological character of DD-CPases. Moreover, expression of MSMEG_2433 in trans, elevated the @entity2 resistance in the PBP deletion mutants (   dacAdacC) of @entity1 that strengthened its physiology as a DD-CPase. To confirm the biochemical reason behind such physiological behaviours, soluble form of MSMEG_2433 (sMSMEG_2433) was created, expressed and purified. In agreement to the observed physiological phenomena, the sMSMEG_2433 exhibited the DD-CPase activity against artificial and peptidoglycan-mimetic DD-CPase substrate. To our surprise, enzymatic analyses of MSMEG_2433 revealed the efficient deacylation for @entity2 substrates at physiological pH, which is a unique character of beta-lactamases. In addition to the MSMEG_2433 active-site that favours DD-CPase activity, in silico analyses also predicted the presence of an omega-loop like region in MSMEG_2433, which is an important determinant of its @entity4 activity. Based on the in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies we conclude that MSMEG_2433 is a dual enzyme, possessing both DD-CPase and @entity4 activities.

title: A putative low-molecular mass (LMM) XXXX -binding protein (PBP) of @entity3 exhibits prominent physiological characters of DD-Carboxypeptidase and @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: DD-Carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) are low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity0 -binding proteins (PBPs) that are mainly involved in the peptidoglycan remodelling, but little is known about the DD-CPases of mycobacteria. In this study a putative DD-CPase of @entity3 , MSMEG_2433 has been characterized. The gene for the membrane-bound form of MSMEG_2433 was cloned and expressed in @entity1 in its active form as revealed by its ability to bind to the @entity5 (fluorescent @entity0 ). Interestingly, in vivo expression of MSMEG_2433 could restore the cell-shape oddities of the septuple PBP mutant of @entity1 , which was a prominent physiological character of DD-CPases. Moreover, expression of MSMEG_2433 in trans, elevated the @entity2 resistance in the PBP deletion mutants (   dacAdacC) of @entity1 that strengthened its physiology as a DD-CPase. To confirm the biochemical reason behind such physiological behaviours, soluble form of MSMEG_2433 (sMSMEG_2433) was created, expressed and purified. In agreement to the observed physiological phenomena, the sMSMEG_2433 exhibited the DD-CPase activity against artificial and peptidoglycan-mimetic DD-CPase substrate. To our surprise, enzymatic analyses of MSMEG_2433 revealed the efficient deacylation for @entity2 substrates at physiological pH, which is a unique character of beta-lactamases. In addition to the MSMEG_2433 active-site that favours DD-CPase activity, in silico analyses also predicted the presence of an omega-loop like region in MSMEG_2433, which is an important determinant of its @entity4 activity. Based on the in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies we conclude that MSMEG_2433 is a dual enzyme, possessing both DD-CPase and @entity4 activities.

title: A putative low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity0 -binding protein (PBP) of XXXX exhibits prominent physiological characters of DD-Carboxypeptidase and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: DD-Carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) are low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity0 -binding proteins (PBPs) that are mainly involved in the peptidoglycan remodelling, but little is known about the DD-CPases of mycobacteria. In this study a putative DD-CPase of @entity3 , MSMEG_2433 has been characterized. The gene for the membrane-bound form of MSMEG_2433 was cloned and expressed in @entity1 in its active form as revealed by its ability to bind to the @entity5 (fluorescent @entity0 ). Interestingly, in vivo expression of MSMEG_2433 could restore the cell-shape oddities of the septuple PBP mutant of @entity1 , which was a prominent physiological character of DD-CPases. Moreover, expression of MSMEG_2433 in trans, elevated the @entity2 resistance in the PBP deletion mutants (   dacAdacC) of @entity1 that strengthened its physiology as a DD-CPase. To confirm the biochemical reason behind such physiological behaviours, soluble form of MSMEG_2433 (sMSMEG_2433) was created, expressed and purified. In agreement to the observed physiological phenomena, the sMSMEG_2433 exhibited the DD-CPase activity against artificial and peptidoglycan-mimetic DD-CPase substrate. To our surprise, enzymatic analyses of MSMEG_2433 revealed the efficient deacylation for @entity2 substrates at physiological pH, which is a unique character of beta-lactamases. In addition to the MSMEG_2433 active-site that favours DD-CPase activity, in silico analyses also predicted the presence of an omega-loop like region in MSMEG_2433, which is an important determinant of its @entity4 activity. Based on the in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies we conclude that MSMEG_2433 is a dual enzyme, possessing both DD-CPase and @entity4 activities.

title: A putative low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity0 -binding protein (PBP) of @entity3 exhibits prominent physiological characters of DD-Carboxypeptidase and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine @entity1 fatigue and central motor output during fatiguing single joint exercise at 40% and 80% maximal torque output in resistance trained @entity0 . METHOD: Ten resistance trained @entity0 performed fatiguing isometric knee extensor exercise at 40% and 80% of maximal torque output. Maximal torque, rate of torque development, and measures of central motor output and @entity1 were recorded at two matched volumes of exercise, and after a final contraction performed to exhaustion. Central motor output was quantified from changes in voluntary activation, normalized surface electromyograms (EMG), and V-waves. @entity1 fatigue was assessed from changes in the size and shape of the resting potentiated twitch (Q.pot.tw). Central motor output during the exercise protocols was estimated from EMG and interpolated twitches applied during the task (VAsub). RESULTS: Greater reductions in maximal torque and rate of torque development were observed during the 40% protocol (p<0.05). Maximal central motor output did not change for either protocol. For the 40% protocol reductions from pre-exercise in rate and amplitude variables calculated from the Q.pot.tw between 66.2 to 70.8% (p<0.001) exceeded those observed during the 80% protocol (p<0.01). V-waves only declined during the 80% protocol between 56.8    35.8% to 53.6    37.4% (p<0.05). At the end of the final 80% contraction VAsub had increased from 91.2    6.2% to 94.9    4.7% (p = 0.005), but a greater increase was observed during the 40% contraction where VAsub had increased from 67.1    6.1% to 88.9    9.6% (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Maximal central motor output in resistance trained @entity0 is well preserved despite varying levels of @entity1 . Upregulated central motor output during the 40% contraction protocol appeared to elicit greater peripheral fatigue. V-waves declines during the 80% protocol suggest intensity dependent modulation of the Ia afferent pathway.

title: The Magnitude of Peripheral Muscle Fatigue Induced by High and Low Intensity Single-Joint Exercise Does Not Lead to Central Motor Output Reductions in Resistance Trained XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of @entity11 is complex and controversial. The purpose of the present study is to add evidence to the management of @entity11 , where tissue loss necessitates cover with a free @entity6 . We identified factors that increase the risk of complications. We questioned whether early @entity6 coverage improved the clinical outcome and whether we could improve our antibiotic treatment of @entity11 . METHODS: From 2002 to 2013 we treated 56 @entity0 with an open @entity3 covered with a free @entity6 . We reviewed @entity0 records and databases for type of @entity2 , smoking, time to tissue cover, @entity4 , amputations, @entity6 loss and union of @entity3 . We identified factors that increase the risk of complications. We analysed the organisms cultured from @entity11 to propose the optimal antibiotic prophylaxis. Follow-up was a minimum of one  year. Primary outcome was @entity9 pattern, amputation, @entity6 failure and union of the @entity3 . RESULTS: When soft tissue cover was delayed beyond seven  days, @entity4 rate increased from 27 to 60  % (p   <   0.04). High-energy @entity2 @entity0 had a higher risk of amputation, @entity4 , @entity6 failure and non-union. Smokers had a higher risk of non-union and @entity6 failure. The bacteria found were often resistant to @entity8 , @entity5 or @entity1 , but sensitive to @entity7 or @entity10 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 cover within one  week is essential to avoid @entity4 . High-energy @entity2 and smoking are important predictors of complications. We suggest antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity7 and @entity10 until the wound is covered in these complex injuries.

title: A review of forty five XXXX covered with free flaps. Analysis of complications, microbiology and prognostic factors.

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a @entity0 @entity2 caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium @entity6 (serovars L1-L3). LGV clinical manifestations range from severe @entity1 ( @entity5 ), primarily caused by the epidemic L2b strains, to painful @entity3 (the typical LGV bubonic form). Besides potential host-related factors, the differential disease severity and tissue tropism among LGV strains is likely a function of the genetic backbone of the strains. We aimed to characterize the genetic variability among LGV strains as strain- or serovar-specific mutations may underlie phenotypic signatures, and to investigate the mutational events that occurred throughout the pathoadaptation of the epidemic L2b lineage. By analyzing 20 previously published genomes from L1, L2, L2b and L3 strains and two new genomes from L2b strains, we detected 1497 variant sites and about 100 indels, affecting 453 genes and 144 intergenic regions, with 34 genes displaying a clear overrepresentation of nonsynonymous mutations. Effectors and/or type III secretion substrates (almost all of those described in the literature) and inclusion membrane proteins showed @entity4 changes that were about fivefold more frequent than silent changes. More than 120 variant sites occurred in plasmid-regulated virulence genes, and 66% yielded @entity4 changes. The identified serovar-specific variant sites revealed that the L2b-specific mutations are likely associated with higher fitness and pointed out potential targets for future highly discriminatory diagnostic/typing tests. By evaluating the evolutionary pathway beyond the L2b clonal radiation, we observed that 90.2% of the intra-L2b variant sites occurring in coding regions involve nonsynonymous mutations, where CT456/tarp has been the main target. Considering the progress on @entity6 genetic manipulation, this study may constitute an important contribution for prioritizing study targets for functional genomics aiming to dissect the impact of the identified intra-LGV polymorphisms on virulence or tropism dissimilarities among LGV strains.

title: Deep comparative genomics among XXXX lymphogranuloma venereum isolates highlights genes potentially involved in pathoadaptation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since 1961 the use of Cation Exchange Resins has been the mainstream treatment for @entity10 . For the past 25 years different kind of complications derived from its clinical use have been recognized, being the @entity2 the most feared and lethal of all. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of a 72-year-old @entity0 with @entity5 , treated with @entity14 for @entity10 treatment who presented in the emergency department with @entity9 treated with hypertonic cathartics. With clinical deterioration 48h later progressed with @entity2 requiring urgent laparotomy, sigmoidectomy and open abdomen management with subsequent rectal stump perforation and dead. The histopathology finding: @entity14 embedded in the mucosa, consistent with the cause of perforation. DISCUSSION: Lillemoe reported the first case series of five uremic @entity0 with @entity4 associated with the use of @entity13 in @entity11 in 1987 and in 2009 the FDA removed from the market the @entity13 containing 70% of @entity11 . The pathophysiologic change of CER goes from @entity1 , @entity8 , @entity12 , and the most severe case transmural @entity2 . Up to present day, some authors have questioned the use of CER in the setting of lowering serum @entity6 . Despite its worldwide use in @entity10 settings, multiple studies have not demonstrated a significant @entity6 excretion by CER. CONCLUSION: Despite the low incidence of @entity7 and lethal @entity2 associated with the CER clinical use, the general surgeon needs a high index of suspicion when dealing with @entity0 treated with CER and @entity3 .

title: Cation Exchange Resins and XXXX . What surgeons need to know.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 of the hand continues to be a problem in an aging population and affects the proximal and distal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and carpometacarpal joints in the hands. Heberden nodes develop in the distal interphalangeal joints and typically present as a deformed and enlarged joint and can cause @entity1 . Surgery rarely is necessary because functional difficulties are uncommon; however, there may be problems if the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints are involved because cartilage destruction generates @entity1 and causes @entity2 . Implant arthroplasty typically can improve @entity1 but does not reliably improve range of motion, and complication and revision rates are substantial. Arthrodesis continues as a treatment for @entity3 , but the surgeon must balance the risks of complications with the benefits of improved @entity0 outcomes. The opposable thumb, which is critical for hand dexterity and strength, can be severely disabled by basal joint @entity4 . The complex architecture of the basal joint continues to be defined by its relationship to the surrounding bony and ligamentous anatomy and its effect on the trapeziometacarpal joint. Nonsurgical treatment may be beneficial, but surgical options, including arthroscopy, osteotomy, and arthroplasty, should be considered if nonsurgical management fails. Prosthetic arthroplasty has a historically poor record; therefore, trapeziectomy remains the hallmark of current reconstructive techniques. Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition arthroplasty are the most commonly performed surgical procedures, but @entity5 distraction arthroplasty and various methods of suspensionplasty also are currently used.

title: XXXX of the thumb and digits: current concepts.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent of contribution of disturbed @entity5 balance to mortality remains unclear among hemodialysis @entity0 . METHODS: This was a cohort study involving 3276 @entity0 on maintenance hemodialysis at 86 facilities in Japan from 2008 to 2010 who had @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Baseline serum @entity5 (sMg) values were categorized into quintiles ( <=2.3, >2.3-2.5, >2.5-2.7, >2.7-3.0 and >3.0 mg/dL), and the middle quintile was set as the reference. Outcome was all-cause @entity2 . Independent contribution to all-cause @entity2 was assessed via Cox regression to generate population-attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS: A total of 2165 @entity0 from 68 facilities were analyzed. The lowest quintile of sMg was positively associated with lower serum @entity4 and albumin levels, higher @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels and prevalence of @entity3 and @entity1 than the other quintiles. The highest sMg quintile was positively associated with higher @entity4 levels, and negatively associated with lower serum albumin levels and higher intact parathyroid hormone and @entity6 levels and prevalence of @entity1 than the other quintiles. During a median follow-up of 3 years, the lowest and the second lowest quintiles of sMg were associated with all-cause @entity2 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.737, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.200-2.512 and HR 1.675, 95% CI 1.254-2.238, respectively). Point estimates of adjusted HRs of the highest and the second highest sMg quintiles were higher than those of the middle quintile for all-cause @entity2 . Adjusted PAFs of lower sMg and of higher and lower sMg for all-cause @entity2 were 24.0% (95% CI 13.0-35.0%) and 30.7% (95% CI 14.5-46.8%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity7 , dysregulated sMg is an important contributor to all-cause @entity2 . Further studies are warranted to examine whether or not correction of sMg improves survival.

title: Contribution of dysregulated serum @entity5 to mortality in hemodialysis @entity0 with XXXX : a 3-year cohort study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent of contribution of disturbed @entity5 balance to mortality remains unclear among hemodialysis @entity0 . METHODS: This was a cohort study involving 3276 @entity0 on maintenance hemodialysis at 86 facilities in Japan from 2008 to 2010 who had @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Baseline serum @entity5 (sMg) values were categorized into quintiles ( <=2.3, >2.3-2.5, >2.5-2.7, >2.7-3.0 and >3.0 mg/dL), and the middle quintile was set as the reference. Outcome was all-cause @entity2 . Independent contribution to all-cause @entity2 was assessed via Cox regression to generate population-attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS: A total of 2165 @entity0 from 68 facilities were analyzed. The lowest quintile of sMg was positively associated with lower serum @entity4 and albumin levels, higher @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels and prevalence of @entity3 and @entity1 than the other quintiles. The highest sMg quintile was positively associated with higher @entity4 levels, and negatively associated with lower serum albumin levels and higher intact parathyroid hormone and @entity6 levels and prevalence of @entity1 than the other quintiles. During a median follow-up of 3 years, the lowest and the second lowest quintiles of sMg were associated with all-cause @entity2 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.737, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.200-2.512 and HR 1.675, 95% CI 1.254-2.238, respectively). Point estimates of adjusted HRs of the highest and the second highest sMg quintiles were higher than those of the middle quintile for all-cause @entity2 . Adjusted PAFs of lower sMg and of higher and lower sMg for all-cause @entity2 were 24.0% (95% CI 13.0-35.0%) and 30.7% (95% CI 14.5-46.8%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity7 , dysregulated sMg is an important contributor to all-cause @entity2 . Further studies are warranted to examine whether or not correction of sMg improves survival.

title: Contribution of dysregulated serum XXXX to mortality in hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity7 : a 3-year cohort study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent of contribution of disturbed @entity5 balance to mortality remains unclear among hemodialysis @entity0 . METHODS: This was a cohort study involving 3276 @entity0 on maintenance hemodialysis at 86 facilities in Japan from 2008 to 2010 who had @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Baseline serum @entity5 (sMg) values were categorized into quintiles ( <=2.3, >2.3-2.5, >2.5-2.7, >2.7-3.0 and >3.0 mg/dL), and the middle quintile was set as the reference. Outcome was all-cause @entity2 . Independent contribution to all-cause @entity2 was assessed via Cox regression to generate population-attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS: A total of 2165 @entity0 from 68 facilities were analyzed. The lowest quintile of sMg was positively associated with lower serum @entity4 and albumin levels, higher @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels and prevalence of @entity3 and @entity1 than the other quintiles. The highest sMg quintile was positively associated with higher @entity4 levels, and negatively associated with lower serum albumin levels and higher intact parathyroid hormone and @entity6 levels and prevalence of @entity1 than the other quintiles. During a median follow-up of 3 years, the lowest and the second lowest quintiles of sMg were associated with all-cause @entity2 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.737, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.200-2.512 and HR 1.675, 95% CI 1.254-2.238, respectively). Point estimates of adjusted HRs of the highest and the second highest sMg quintiles were higher than those of the middle quintile for all-cause @entity2 . Adjusted PAFs of lower sMg and of higher and lower sMg for all-cause @entity2 were 24.0% (95% CI 13.0-35.0%) and 30.7% (95% CI 14.5-46.8%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity7 , dysregulated sMg is an important contributor to all-cause @entity2 . Further studies are warranted to examine whether or not correction of sMg improves survival.

title: Contribution of dysregulated serum @entity5 to mortality in hemodialysis XXXX with @entity7 : a 3-year cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a public health problem. Although physical activity is essential for the prevention and treatment of most @entity1 , exercise is rarely prescribed for @entity2 @entity0 . The objective of the study was to search for and appraise evidence on the effectiveness of exercise interventions on health endpoints in @entity2 @entity0 . A systematic review was performed of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) designed to compare exercise with usual care regarding effects on the health of @entity2 @entity0 . MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Clinical Trials registry, and proceedings of major nephrology conference databases were searched, using terms defined according to the PICO ( @entity0 , Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) methodology. RCTs were independently evaluated by two reviewers. A total of 5489 studies were assessed for eligibility, of which 59 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Most of them included small samples, lasted from 8 to 24 weeks and applied aerobic exercises. Three studies included only kidney transplant @entity0 , and nine included pre-dialysis @entity0 . The remaining RCTs allocated hemodialysis @entity0 . The outcome measures included quality of life, physical fitness, muscular strength, heart rate variability, inflammatory and nutritional markers and progression of @entity2 . Most of the trials had high risk of bias. The strongest evidence is for the effects of aerobic exercise on improving physical fitness, muscular strength and quality of life in dialysis @entity0 . The benefits of exercise in dialysis @entity0 are well established, supporting the prescription of physical activity in their regular treatment. RCTs including @entity0 in earlier stages of @entity2 and after kidney transplantation are urgently required, as well as studies assessing long-term outcomes. The best exercise protocol for @entity2 @entity0 also remains to be established.

title: Effects of exercise in the whole spectrum of XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extended periods of haemodialysis (HD) can improve @entity0 outcomes. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) should be explored as a method of offering extended periods of HD to @entity0 unsuitable for or unable to perform home therapy. METHODS: Ten self-selecting, prevalent HD @entity0 started an @entity5 programme to assess feasibility and @entity0 satisfaction. Quality-of-life (QOL) measures were evaluated at enrolment and after 4 months of @entity5 using the EQ-5D, the Hospital Anxiety and @entity2 Scale (HADS) and the SF-12 questionnaires. Demographic, biochemical and haematological data and data on dialysis adequacy were collected before starting @entity5 and after 4 months. RESULTS: Three of the 10 @entity0 failed to complete the 2-week run-in period. Seven @entity0 completed the 4-month programme, with mean dialysis time of 355    43.92 min throughout the period. The EQ-5D visual analogue score improved from 48    16.89 to 72    13.2 (P = 0.003) and the HADS @entity1 score decreased from 9    5.83 to 3.57    3.04 (P = 0.029). The @entity3 reduction ratio improved from 71.57    2.29% to 80.43    3.101% (P < 0.001), with improvements in @entity4 control, reducing to within the target range from 1.73    0.6 to 1.2    0.2 (P = 0.08). Ultrafiltration (UF) volumes increased during the study from 2000    510 to 2606    343 mL (P = 0.015); there was a significant reduction in mean UF rate adjusted for body weight from 6.47    1.71 to 4.61    1.59 mL/kg/h (P = 0.032). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the significance of these results. CONCLUSIONS: This single-centre study showed a 4-month programme of extended hours @entity5 is safe and associated with improvements in QOL measures, decreased UF rates and measures of dialysis adequacy. These data have been used to expand our service and inform the design of future randomized controlled trials to examine medical endpoints.

title: A 4-month programme of in-centre nocturnal haemodialysis was associated with improvements in XXXX outcomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our objective was to examine the value of phrenic nerve conduction studies (PNCS) in quantifying diaphragm dysfunction in @entity4 , as no ideal test of @entity3 exists in @entity4 . We prospectively recorded bilateral PNCS, forced vital capacity (FVC), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), respiratory rate, ALSFRS-R, and respiratory symptoms in 100 @entity4 @entity0 attending our clinic over a nine-month period. Survival data were collected for two years. Results showed that PNCS were reproducible and well tolerated. When the @entity5 was abnormal (<0.3 mV), the relative risk of a respiratory rate   >18 was 7.2 (95% CI 2.2-37.2, p   <0.01) compared with a @entity5   >= 0.3 mV. Similarly, the relative risk of orthopnea was 3.5 (95% CI 1.6-8.7, p   <0.01) and @entity2 2.4 (95% CI 1.4-4.0, p   <0.01). FVC had the strongest correlation with @entity5 (R(2)   =   0.48 (p   <0.001)). Fourteen of 15 @entity0 with a FVC   <50% had a @entity5   <0.3 mV. However, eight with a @entity5   <0.3 had a FVC   >80%. The median survival was 1.07 years when the @entity5 was   <0.3 mV and   >2 years when the @entity5 was   >0.3 mV (p   <0.001). In conclusion, the phrenic @entity5 correlated closely with multiple symptoms, signs, and laboratory measures of @entity3 and may prove to be a useful biomarker of @entity3 in @entity4 .

title: Phrenic nerve conduction studies as a biomarker of XXXX in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Current National @entity2 Network guidelines recommend postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for @entity0 with resected @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with N2 involvement. We investigated the relationship between nodal stage and local-regional recurrence (LR), distant recurrence (DR) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for @entity0 having an R0 resection. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A multi-institutional database of consecutive @entity0 undergoing R0 resection for stage I-IIIA @entity4 from 1995 to 2008 was used. @entity0 receiving any radiation therapy before relapse were excluded. A total of 1241, 202, and 125 @entity0 were identified with N0, N1, and N2 involvement, respectively; 161 @entity0 received chemotherapy. Cumulative incidence rates were calculated for LR and DR as first sites of failure, and Kaplan-Meier estimates were made for @entity5 . Competing risk analysis and proportional hazards models were used to examine LR, DR, and @entity5 . Independent variables included age, sex, surgical procedure, extent of lymph node sampling, histology, @entity6 , @entity2 size, @entity2 grade, chemotherapy, nodal stage, and visceral @entity1 . RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 28.7  months. @entity0 with N1 or N2 nodal stage had rates of LR similar to those of @entity0 with N0 disease, but were at significantly increased risk for both DR (N1, hazard ratio [HR]  =  1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-2.59; P=.001; N2, HR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55-3.48; P<.001) and @entity3 (N1, HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18-1.81; P<.001; N2, HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.78-3.04; P<.001). LR was associated with squamous histology, visceral pleural involvement, @entity2 size, age, wedge resection, and segmentectomy. The most frequent site of LR was the mediastinum. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation demonstrated that nodal stage is directly associated with DR and @entity5 but not with LR. Thus, even some @entity0 with, N0-N1 disease are at relatively high risk of local recurrence. Prospective identification of risk factors for local recurrence may aid in selecting an appropriate population for further study of postoperative radiation therapy.

title: Nodal stage of surgically resected XXXX and its effect on recurrence patterns and @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Current National @entity2 Network guidelines recommend postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for @entity0 with resected @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with N2 involvement. We investigated the relationship between nodal stage and local-regional recurrence (LR), distant recurrence (DR) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for @entity0 having an R0 resection. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A multi-institutional database of consecutive @entity0 undergoing R0 resection for stage I-IIIA @entity4 from 1995 to 2008 was used. @entity0 receiving any radiation therapy before relapse were excluded. A total of 1241, 202, and 125 @entity0 were identified with N0, N1, and N2 involvement, respectively; 161 @entity0 received chemotherapy. Cumulative incidence rates were calculated for LR and DR as first sites of failure, and Kaplan-Meier estimates were made for @entity5 . Competing risk analysis and proportional hazards models were used to examine LR, DR, and @entity5 . Independent variables included age, sex, surgical procedure, extent of lymph node sampling, histology, @entity6 , @entity2 size, @entity2 grade, chemotherapy, nodal stage, and visceral @entity1 . RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 28.7  months. @entity0 with N1 or N2 nodal stage had rates of LR similar to those of @entity0 with N0 disease, but were at significantly increased risk for both DR (N1, hazard ratio [HR]  =  1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-2.59; P=.001; N2, HR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55-3.48; P<.001) and @entity3 (N1, HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18-1.81; P<.001; N2, HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.78-3.04; P<.001). LR was associated with squamous histology, visceral pleural involvement, @entity2 size, age, wedge resection, and segmentectomy. The most frequent site of LR was the mediastinum. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation demonstrated that nodal stage is directly associated with DR and @entity5 but not with LR. Thus, even some @entity0 with, N0-N1 disease are at relatively high risk of local recurrence. Prospective identification of risk factors for local recurrence may aid in selecting an appropriate population for further study of postoperative radiation therapy.

title: Nodal stage of surgically resected @entity4 and its effect on recurrence patterns and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The early cardiovascular (CV) responses of New Zealand white @entity0 embryos in situ subsequent to maternal SC injection with @entity4 (HU) were analyzed by in vivo microscopic methods. Laparotomies were performed on gestational day 12, and the gravid uteri were exteriorized. The embryos were exposed by careful incisions of the uterine wall and reflection of the extraembryonic membranes. Temperature, water, and electrolyte homeostasis were maintained throughout all procedures. Maternal injection with HU at a teratogenic level (750 mg HU/kg) caused alterations in the embryonic CV system as early as 2 minutes post-treatment. Typically, within 4 minutes the embryonic craniofacial region responded with dilations of the anterior cardinal vein (ACV) and its tributaries. The ensuing pathological events included @entity2 and @entity3 in the forebrain, postocular region, mandibular and nasal processes, and apparent collapse of the vasculature in the forelimb bud. Many embryos exhibited @entity2 within 9 minutes. The most severely affected embryos displayed @entity5 and @entity6 of blood flow through the cardiac chambers. In contrast, control embryos, which received either no drug treatment of SC injection of saline at various osmolarities and pH's, demonstrated none of the CV changes reported above, even after 120 minutes. Low doses of HU (500 mg/kg) produced only ACV dilations in some embryos by 30 minutes. Histologic analysis of HU embryos confirmed the in vivo microscopic observations. The drastic CV derangements exhibited by many embryos may be one of the causes for the high resorption rates associated with the treatment. Furthermore, since teratogenic doses of HU produce immediate @entity2 and @entity3 in the embryos in the same craniofacial areas which are later deformed in the term fetus, it is possible that the teratogenic action of this drug may be related to the @entity1 .

title: Cardiovascular alterations in XXXX embryos in situ after a teratogenic dose of @entity4 : an in vivo microscopic study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The early cardiovascular (CV) responses of New Zealand white @entity0 embryos in situ subsequent to maternal SC injection with @entity4 (HU) were analyzed by in vivo microscopic methods. Laparotomies were performed on gestational day 12, and the gravid uteri were exteriorized. The embryos were exposed by careful incisions of the uterine wall and reflection of the extraembryonic membranes. Temperature, water, and electrolyte homeostasis were maintained throughout all procedures. Maternal injection with HU at a teratogenic level (750 mg HU/kg) caused alterations in the embryonic CV system as early as 2 minutes post-treatment. Typically, within 4 minutes the embryonic craniofacial region responded with dilations of the anterior cardinal vein (ACV) and its tributaries. The ensuing pathological events included @entity2 and @entity3 in the forebrain, postocular region, mandibular and nasal processes, and apparent collapse of the vasculature in the forelimb bud. Many embryos exhibited @entity2 within 9 minutes. The most severely affected embryos displayed @entity5 and @entity6 of blood flow through the cardiac chambers. In contrast, control embryos, which received either no drug treatment of SC injection of saline at various osmolarities and pH's, demonstrated none of the CV changes reported above, even after 120 minutes. Low doses of HU (500 mg/kg) produced only ACV dilations in some embryos by 30 minutes. Histologic analysis of HU embryos confirmed the in vivo microscopic observations. The drastic CV derangements exhibited by many embryos may be one of the causes for the high resorption rates associated with the treatment. Furthermore, since teratogenic doses of HU produce immediate @entity2 and @entity3 in the embryos in the same craniofacial areas which are later deformed in the term fetus, it is possible that the teratogenic action of this drug may be related to the @entity1 .

title: Cardiovascular alterations in @entity0 embryos in situ after a teratogenic dose of XXXX : an in vivo microscopic study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the epidemiology and prognostic indicators in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry was reviewed for @entity0 with head and neck @entity4 from 1973 to 2011. Study variables included age, sex, race, @entity2 size, stage at presentation, and treatment modality. RESULTS: There were 374 cases of head and neck @entity4 identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 50.7years; 60.2% of @entity0 were male and 82.6% were white. After diagnosis, 38.8% of @entity0 underwent surgery and radiation therapy and 48.1% underwent surgery alone. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated overall ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of 51% and 67% at 5years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age (p=0.030), stage (p=0.002), surgery (p=0.037), and size (p<0.001) were predictors of @entity5 , while stage (p<0.001) and size (p<0.001) were predictors of @entity3 . For @entity2 , surgery (p=0.011) and size (p=0.010) were predictors of @entity5 , and size (p=0.001) predicted @entity3 . For stage III/IV @entity2 , both radiotherapy (p=0.024, p=0.009) and size (p=0.001, p=0.001) predicted @entity5 and @entity3 . For @entity2    5cm, stage (p=0.031) predicted @entity3 . For @entity2 >5cm, male gender (p=0.005), stage (p=0.001), surgery (p=0.003), and radiotherapy (p=0.050) were determinants of @entity5 , and male gender (p=0.022), stage (p<0.001), and radiotherapy (p=0.002) were determinants of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Surgical resection confers survival benefit in @entity0 with early stage @entity4 , while radiotherapy improves survival in cases with @entity1 . Surgery and radiotherapy are prognostically important in @entity0 with @entity2 >5cm.

title: XXXX of the head and neck: Demographics, clinicopathologic features, management, and treatment outcomes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prevent @entity5 due to anti-group A antibody perinatal management was performed. BACKGROUND: We previously reported a case of severe @entity4 associated with @entity5 due to anti-group A isoantibody. MATERIAL/METHODS: A 40-year-old Japanese @entity0 , gravida 4 para 1, was pregnant with her second baby. The previous sibling developed severe @entity3 and died 10   days after birth due to @entity4 . He was diagnosed with @entity5 ; the causative antibody was found to be the anti-group A antibody. @entity2 was started at 7   weeks' gestational age. Intravenous immunoglobulin 1   g   kg(-1)    week(-1) was started at 29   weeks' gestational age and continued to delivery. Serological studies and genotyping were performed. RESULTS: The second @entity0 was delivered at 33   weeks' gestational age by caesarean section. He was discharged without @entity4 or @entity3 . The anti-group A antibody titre in the maternal serum was 2048-4096 (normal range: 4-64). The anti-group A antibody titre in the newborn's serum was 4. Cross-matching between the maternal serum and the paternal platelets was positive. CONCLUSION: Owing to the history of @entity5 causing @entity4 and @entity1 of the previous sibling, strict follow-up of the subsequent pregnancy was conducted.

title: Perinatal management of XXXX associated with anti-group A antibody.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Few studies describe the comprehensive immunophenotypic pattern of Blastic Plasmacytoid @entity4 (BPDCN) in the bone marrow and its treatment. This retrospective analysis evaluates the diagnostic flow cytometry pattern and outcome of 9 @entity0 diagnosed with BPDCN. A four tube 10-color flow cytometry (FCM) panel used for diagnosis of @entity7 , showed cells in the blast gate ( @entity3 dim/low SSC) and were positive for @entity1 (bright), @entity2 (dim), @entity6 (heterogenous), CD123(bright), @entity9 , @entity8 , HLA-DR, @entity10 . Seven @entity0 received front-line induction therapy with HyperCVAD with an overall response rate of 86%. Five of 6 responders underwent planned allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). For a median follow up of 13.3 months, the 1 year Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 56% and 67%, respectively. An accurate diagnosis of BPDCN can be made by 10-colour FCM using a 4-tube acute @entity5 panel demonstrating a characteristic pattern of antigen expression. Front-line induction chemotherapy with HyperCVAD can yield high remission rates, but allo-HCT is required for long term durable remissions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX with leukemic presentation: 10-colour flow cytometry diagnosis and HyperCVAD therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity10 in @entity8 positive ( @entity8 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity7 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity3 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity5 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity5 ( @entity5 ) despite significant incidences of @entity4 and @entity9 in @entity10 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity10 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity10 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity5 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity2 , adjuvant @entity10 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity10 in metastatic @entity8 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity6 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of @entity1 in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of @entity10 in early stage @entity1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( XXXX ) overexpressing @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity10 in @entity8 positive ( @entity8 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity7 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity3 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity5 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity5 ( @entity5 ) despite significant incidences of @entity4 and @entity9 in @entity10 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity10 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity10 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity5 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity2 , adjuvant @entity10 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity10 in metastatic @entity8 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity6 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of @entity1 in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of XXXX in early stage @entity1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( @entity8 ) overexpressing @entity0 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity10 in @entity8 positive ( @entity8 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity7 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity3 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity5 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity5 ( @entity5 ) despite significant incidences of @entity4 and @entity9 in @entity10 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity10 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity10 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity5 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity2 , adjuvant @entity10 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity10 in metastatic @entity8 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity6 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of @entity1 in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of @entity10 in early stage @entity1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( @entity8 ) overexpressing XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity10 in @entity8 positive ( @entity8 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity7 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity3 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity5 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity5 ( @entity5 ) despite significant incidences of @entity4 and @entity9 in @entity10 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity10 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity10 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity5 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity2 , adjuvant @entity10 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity10 in metastatic @entity8 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity6 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of XXXX in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of @entity10 in early stage @entity1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( @entity8 ) overexpressing @entity0 .

answer: @entity1