abstract: In this study scanning immuno-electron microscopic (SIEM) techniques were used to identify @entity0 @entity8 cells. Monodispersed @entity2 (latex) beads were conjugated to specific antisera using @entity6 , in an attempt to detect surface antigenic components on a variety of cells of known origin. Antisera, mostly immunoglobulin fractions, against @entity0 thymus (T) derived cells, common type @entity3 cells (C/ALL) and surface immunoglobulin (sIg) bearing cells were used to coat latex spheres, while rabbit anti-mouse @entity7 antiserum or whole human-IgG (gamma-globulin) bound to latex were used as controls in some experiments. The use of SIEM techniques in the direct mode as a simple and sensitive method for labelling surface antigens is described. The disadvantages of the SIEM methodology are also summarized while the requirements for optimal cell preparation using this technique are stressed. The experiments were designed to ascertain whether prolonged fixation of cells could be used prior to incubation of the cells with the marker. In this respect, repeated neutralization of the @entity6 with @entity5 is essential. SIEM labelling of cells is random and unreliable without adequate quenching with @entity5 . The heteroantisera used in this study proved to be adequate and insignificant non-specific attachment and cross reactivity were seen. SIEM adds a further dimension to ultrastructural aspects of immunology and is a potentially useful tool in the study and identification of @entity4 and @entity1 cells.

title: Scanning immuno-electron microscopy of @entity0 XXXX and @entity1 cells: a comparative study of techniques using immunolatex spheres as marker.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In this study scanning immuno-electron microscopic (SIEM) techniques were used to identify @entity0 @entity8 cells. Monodispersed @entity2 (latex) beads were conjugated to specific antisera using @entity6 , in an attempt to detect surface antigenic components on a variety of cells of known origin. Antisera, mostly immunoglobulin fractions, against @entity0 thymus (T) derived cells, common type @entity3 cells (C/ALL) and surface immunoglobulin (sIg) bearing cells were used to coat latex spheres, while rabbit anti-mouse @entity7 antiserum or whole human-IgG (gamma-globulin) bound to latex were used as controls in some experiments. The use of SIEM techniques in the direct mode as a simple and sensitive method for labelling surface antigens is described. The disadvantages of the SIEM methodology are also summarized while the requirements for optimal cell preparation using this technique are stressed. The experiments were designed to ascertain whether prolonged fixation of cells could be used prior to incubation of the cells with the marker. In this respect, repeated neutralization of the @entity6 with @entity5 is essential. SIEM labelling of cells is random and unreliable without adequate quenching with @entity5 . The heteroantisera used in this study proved to be adequate and insignificant non-specific attachment and cross reactivity were seen. SIEM adds a further dimension to ultrastructural aspects of immunology and is a potentially useful tool in the study and identification of @entity4 and @entity1 cells.

title: Scanning immuno-electron microscopy of @entity0 @entity4 and XXXX cells: a comparative study of techniques using immunolatex spheres as marker.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this study scanning immuno-electron microscopic (SIEM) techniques were used to identify @entity0 @entity8 cells. Monodispersed @entity2 (latex) beads were conjugated to specific antisera using @entity6 , in an attempt to detect surface antigenic components on a variety of cells of known origin. Antisera, mostly immunoglobulin fractions, against @entity0 thymus (T) derived cells, common type @entity3 cells (C/ALL) and surface immunoglobulin (sIg) bearing cells were used to coat latex spheres, while rabbit anti-mouse @entity7 antiserum or whole human-IgG (gamma-globulin) bound to latex were used as controls in some experiments. The use of SIEM techniques in the direct mode as a simple and sensitive method for labelling surface antigens is described. The disadvantages of the SIEM methodology are also summarized while the requirements for optimal cell preparation using this technique are stressed. The experiments were designed to ascertain whether prolonged fixation of cells could be used prior to incubation of the cells with the marker. In this respect, repeated neutralization of the @entity6 with @entity5 is essential. SIEM labelling of cells is random and unreliable without adequate quenching with @entity5 . The heteroantisera used in this study proved to be adequate and insignificant non-specific attachment and cross reactivity were seen. SIEM adds a further dimension to ultrastructural aspects of immunology and is a potentially useful tool in the study and identification of @entity4 and @entity1 cells.

title: Scanning immuno-electron microscopy of XXXX @entity4 and @entity1 cells: a comparative study of techniques using immunolatex spheres as marker.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medication-related @entity4 of the jaw (MRONJ) is a growing problem within the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is defined as the presence of exposed @entity3 that does not resolve over a period of 8 weeks in a @entity0 taking @entity2 , who has not had radiotherapy to the jaw [1]. Since the first report in 2003 that highlighted the potential harm caused by MRONJ, many more @entity0 have been diagnosed with the condition [2]. The growth in recent years is likely due to the more potent drugs delivered intravenously however there is some evidence that oral @entity2 given over longer periods of time can have similar effects. Bone exposure may occur spontaneously or most commonly occurs following an invasive dental procedure, as shown in the case below [3]. PRESENTATION OF CASE: This case report demonstrates the unpredictable nature of symptoms associated with medication related @entity4 and its management within the hospital environment. DISCUSSION: This case demonstrastes the unpredictable nature of MRONJ and how the disease can progress to cause significant morbidity. In this case extensive surgery was required to remove the @entity1 fragments of bone with no guarnatee that the @entity1 will stop spreading. CONCLUSION: It seems a matter of great importance that the lasting effects of MRONJ are known to general dental and medical practitioners alike. Nationally recognised evidence based guidelines are lacking and uniformity in the management of MRONJ is required amongst the speciality.

title: Pathological fracture of the coronoid process secondary to medication-related XXXX of the jaw (MRONJ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the core muscle release technique on correction of @entity2 . [Subjects] Ninety @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 participated in this study. [Methods] The @entity0 were divided into three groups according to method of treatment. The first group was treated with the core muscle release technique (CRT), the second group was treated with general exercise, and the third group was treated with electrotherapy. The core muscle release technique group received 50-minute of the core muscle release technique 5 times a week for 2 weeks, and the @entity0 in this group were instructed not to receive any other treatments. After the 2 weeks of treatment, the @entity0 were reexamined. The general exercise group performed Williams flexion exercises and McKenzie extension exercises 5 times a week for 2 weeks. The electrotherapy group was treated by application of electrotherapy with an interferential current therapy machine (TM-301. TOPMED. Seongnam, Republic of Korea) to the abdominal muscles and back muscles of the lumbar region. [Results] The data suggest that the core muscle release technique, general exercise, and electrotherapy all helped to decrease the alignment angle and VAS score. Of these treatment methods, however, the core muscle release technique was the most effective for treatment of lumbar spine deformation and @entity2 . [Conclusion] The core muscle release technique was most effective for correction of lumbar spine deformation and @entity1 alleviation.

title: The effects of core muscle release technique on lumbar spine deformation and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To analyze airway dimensions throughout the bronchial tree in severe @entity2 @entity0 using multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) focusing on airway narrowing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with severe @entity1 underwent automated (BronCare software) analysis of their right lung bronchi, with counts of airways >3 mm long arising from the main bronchi (airway count) and bronchial dimension quantification at segmental and subsegmental levels (lumen area [LA], wall area [WA], and WA%). Focal @entity3 was defined as >50% narrowing of maximal LA on contiguous cross-sectional slices. Severe @entity2 were compared to 13 nonsevere @entity2 @entity0 and nonasthmatic (pooled) subjects (Wilcoxon rank tests, then stepwise logistic regression). Finally, cluster analysis of severe @entity2 @entity0 and stepwise logistic regression identified specific imaging subgroups. RESULTS: The most significant differences between severe @entity2 @entity0 and the pooled subjects were @entity3 (subsegmental and all bronchi: P  <  .002) and WA% (P  <  .0003). Stepwise logistic regression retained WA% as the only explanatory covariable (P  =  .002). Two identified clusters of severe @entity2 @entity0 differed for parameters characterizing airway narrowing (airway count: P  =  .0002; focal @entity3 : P  =  .009). Airway count was as discriminant as forced expiratory volume in 1  second/forced vital capacity (P  =  .01) to identify @entity0 in each cluster, with both variables being correlated (r  =  0.59, P  =  .005). CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity1 -associated morphologic changes were characterized by focal bronchial stenoses and diffuse airway narrowing; the latter was associated with airflow obstruction. WA%, dependent on airway caliber, is the best parameter to identify severe @entity2 @entity0 from pooled subjects.

title: Computed Tomography Assessment of Airways Throughout Bronchial Tree Demonstrates Airway Narrowing in Severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 are underrepresented in major trials for this disease. We aimed to explore the outcome of @entity1 @entity0 treated with concurrent and adjuvant @entity3 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23 @entity0 of @entity1 treated from 2004 to 2010 were included in this retrospective analysis. Adjuvant therapy included conformal radiation 60 gray at 2 gray/fraction daily over 6 weeks with concurrent @entity4 75 mg/m(2) followed by six cycles of adjuvant @entity4 150-200 mg/m(2) (day 1-5) every 4 weeks. Kaplan-Meier estimates of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were determined. Univariate analysis with log-rank test was used to determine the impact of prognostic variables on survival. RESULTS: Median age at presentation was 11.5 years (range: 7-19 years) and M:F ratio was 15:8. All @entity0 underwent maximal safe surgical resection; 13 gross total resection and 10 sub-total resection. At a median follow-up of 18 months (range: 2.1-126 months), the estimated median @entity2 was 41.9 months. The estimated median @entity2 for @entity0 receiving only concurrent @entity4 was 8 months while that for @entity0 receiving concurrent and adjuvant @entity4 was 41.9 months (P = 0.081). Estimated median @entity2 for @entity0 who did not complete six cycles of adjuvant @entity4 was 9.5 months versus not reached for those who completed at least six cycles (P = 0.0005). Other prognostic factors did not correlate with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the benefit of @entity4 for @entity1 @entity0 . Both concurrent and adjuvant @entity4 seem to be important for superior @entity2 in this group of @entity0 .

title: Outcomes of XXXX treated with adjuvant chemoradiation with @entity3 and correlation with prognostic factors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 are underrepresented in major trials for this disease. We aimed to explore the outcome of @entity1 @entity0 treated with concurrent and adjuvant @entity3 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23 @entity0 of @entity1 treated from 2004 to 2010 were included in this retrospective analysis. Adjuvant therapy included conformal radiation 60 gray at 2 gray/fraction daily over 6 weeks with concurrent @entity4 75 mg/m(2) followed by six cycles of adjuvant @entity4 150-200 mg/m(2) (day 1-5) every 4 weeks. Kaplan-Meier estimates of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were determined. Univariate analysis with log-rank test was used to determine the impact of prognostic variables on survival. RESULTS: Median age at presentation was 11.5 years (range: 7-19 years) and M:F ratio was 15:8. All @entity0 underwent maximal safe surgical resection; 13 gross total resection and 10 sub-total resection. At a median follow-up of 18 months (range: 2.1-126 months), the estimated median @entity2 was 41.9 months. The estimated median @entity2 for @entity0 receiving only concurrent @entity4 was 8 months while that for @entity0 receiving concurrent and adjuvant @entity4 was 41.9 months (P = 0.081). Estimated median @entity2 for @entity0 who did not complete six cycles of adjuvant @entity4 was 9.5 months versus not reached for those who completed at least six cycles (P = 0.0005). Other prognostic factors did not correlate with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the benefit of @entity4 for @entity1 @entity0 . Both concurrent and adjuvant @entity4 seem to be important for superior @entity2 in this group of @entity0 .

title: Outcomes of @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemoradiation with XXXX and correlation with prognostic factors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: One of the gravest dangers facing @entity1 @entity0 is an extended symptom-free lull between @entity1 initiation and the first diagnosis. Detection of @entity1 is critical for effective intervention. Using the body's immune system to detect and amplify @entity1 -specific signals may enable detection of @entity1 using an inexpensive immunoassay. Immunosignatures are one such assay: they provide a map of antibody interactions with random-sequence peptides. They enable detection of disease-specific patterns using classic train/test methods. However, to date, very little effort has gone into extracting information from the sequence of peptides that interact with disease-specific antibodies. Because it is difficult to represent all possible antigen peptides in a microarray format, we chose to synthesize only 330,000 peptides on a single immunosignature microarray. The 330,000 random-sequence peptides on the microarray represent 83% of all tetramers and 27% of all pentamers, creating an unbiased but substantial gap in the coverage of total sequence space. We therefore chose to examine many relatively short motifs from these random-sequence peptides. Time-variant analysis of recurrent subsequences provided a means to dissect @entity4 sequences from the peptides while simultaneously retaining the antibody-peptide binding intensities. We first used a simple experiment in which monoclonal antibodies with known linear epitopes were exposed to these random-sequence peptides, and their binding intensities were used to create our algorithm. We then demonstrated the performance of the proposed algorithm by examining immunosignatures from @entity0 with @entity2 multiformae (GBM), an aggressive form of @entity3 . Eight different frameshift targets were identified from the random-sequence peptides using this technique. If immune-reactive antigens can be identified using a relatively simple immune assay, it might enable a diagnostic test with sufficient sensitivity to detect @entity1 in a clinically useful way.

title: Time-Frequency Analysis of Peptide Microarray Data: Application to XXXX Immunosignatures.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mast cells play a central role in @entity0 and inflammatory disorders by inducing degranulation and inflammatory mediator release. Recent reports have shown that miRNAs play an important role in inflammatory response regulation. Therefore, the role of @entity5 in mast cells was investigated. METHODS: The expression of @entity5 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cells. After successful @entity5 inhibition by transfection, degranulation was detected in IgE-mediated mast cells. The phosphorylation of @entity4 and @entity1 were examined using western blotting. NF-kB was tested using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. @entity6 -inhibitor ( @entity2 ) was used to investigate whether the @entity6 / @entity1 pathway was essential for mast cell activation. The TargetScan database and a luciferase reporter system were used to identify whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a direct target of @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity5 expression was up-regulated in IgE-mediated mast cells, whereas its down-regulation promoted mast cell degranulation. Levels of @entity4 and @entity1 phosphorylation as well as NF-kB were increased in @entity5 inhibitor cells. @entity2 could block the @entity6 / @entity1 signaling pathway and rescue the promotion caused by suppressing @entity5 in mast cells. @entity3 was identified as a direct target of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that down-regulation of @entity5 promotes degranulation via the @entity6 / @entity1 pathway by targeting @entity3 in mast cells.

title: Down-regulation of microRNA-223 promotes degranulation via the @entity6 / @entity1 pathway by targeting XXXX in mast cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mast cells play a central role in @entity0 and inflammatory disorders by inducing degranulation and inflammatory mediator release. Recent reports have shown that miRNAs play an important role in inflammatory response regulation. Therefore, the role of @entity5 in mast cells was investigated. METHODS: The expression of @entity5 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cells. After successful @entity5 inhibition by transfection, degranulation was detected in IgE-mediated mast cells. The phosphorylation of @entity4 and @entity1 were examined using western blotting. NF-kB was tested using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. @entity6 -inhibitor ( @entity2 ) was used to investigate whether the @entity6 / @entity1 pathway was essential for mast cell activation. The TargetScan database and a luciferase reporter system were used to identify whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a direct target of @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity5 expression was up-regulated in IgE-mediated mast cells, whereas its down-regulation promoted mast cell degranulation. Levels of @entity4 and @entity1 phosphorylation as well as NF-kB were increased in @entity5 inhibitor cells. @entity2 could block the @entity6 / @entity1 signaling pathway and rescue the promotion caused by suppressing @entity5 in mast cells. @entity3 was identified as a direct target of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that down-regulation of @entity5 promotes degranulation via the @entity6 / @entity1 pathway by targeting @entity3 in mast cells.

title: Down-regulation of microRNA-223 promotes degranulation via the XXXX / @entity1 pathway by targeting @entity3 in mast cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mast cells play a central role in @entity0 and inflammatory disorders by inducing degranulation and inflammatory mediator release. Recent reports have shown that miRNAs play an important role in inflammatory response regulation. Therefore, the role of @entity5 in mast cells was investigated. METHODS: The expression of @entity5 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cells. After successful @entity5 inhibition by transfection, degranulation was detected in IgE-mediated mast cells. The phosphorylation of @entity4 and @entity1 were examined using western blotting. NF-kB was tested using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. @entity6 -inhibitor ( @entity2 ) was used to investigate whether the @entity6 / @entity1 pathway was essential for mast cell activation. The TargetScan database and a luciferase reporter system were used to identify whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a direct target of @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity5 expression was up-regulated in IgE-mediated mast cells, whereas its down-regulation promoted mast cell degranulation. Levels of @entity4 and @entity1 phosphorylation as well as NF-kB were increased in @entity5 inhibitor cells. @entity2 could block the @entity6 / @entity1 signaling pathway and rescue the promotion caused by suppressing @entity5 in mast cells. @entity3 was identified as a direct target of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that down-regulation of @entity5 promotes degranulation via the @entity6 / @entity1 pathway by targeting @entity3 in mast cells.

title: Down-regulation of microRNA-223 promotes degranulation via the @entity6 / XXXX pathway by targeting @entity3 in mast cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Loss of function of the positive stomata development regulators @entity4 or MUTE in @entity2 renders stomataless plants; @entity4 -3 and mute-3 mutants are extreme dwarfs, but produce cotyledons and tiny leaves, providing a system to interrogate plant life in the absence of stomata. To this end, we compared their cotyledon transcriptomes with that of wild-type plants. K-means clustering of differentially expressed genes generated four clusters: clusters 1 and 2 grouped genes commonly regulated in the mutants, while clusters 3 and 4 contained genes distinctively regulated in mute-3. Classification in functional categories and metabolic pathways of genes in clusters 1 and 2 suggested that both mutants had @entity0 secondary, @entity3 and @entity1 metabolisms, while only a few photosynthesis-related genes were down-regulated. In situ quenching analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence revealed limited inhibition of photosynthesis. This and other fluorescence measurements matched the mutant transcriptomic features. Differential transcriptomes of both mutants were enriched in growth-related genes, including known stomata development regulators, which paralleled their epidermal phenotypes. Analysis of cluster 3 was not informative for developmental aspects of mute-3. Cluster 4 comprised genes differentially up-regulated in mute-3, 35% of which were direct targets for @entity4 and may relate to the unique cell types of mute-3. A screen of T-DNA insertion lines in genes differentially expressed in the mutants identified a gene putatively involved in stomata development. A collection of lines for conditional overexpression of transcription factors differentially expressed in the mutants rendered distinct epidermal phenotypes, suggesting that these proteins may be novel stomatal development regulators. Thus, our transcriptome analysis represents a useful source of new genes for the study of stomata development and for characterizing physiology and growth in the absence of stomata.

title: Transcriptional profiles of XXXX stomataless mutants reveal developmental and physiological features of life in the absence of stomata.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The outcomes of locoregionally advanced @entity4 @entity0 treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with/without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three @entity0 who underwent NCT followed by CCRT (49%) or CCRT with/without adjuvant chemotherapy (51%) were reviewed. To the gross @entity2 , 67.5 Gy was prescribed. Weekly @entity5 was used as concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 49.4 months, the 5-year local control, regional control, distant @entity1 -free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival rates were 94.7%, 89.3%, 77.8%, 68.0%, and 81.8%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the American Joint Committee on @entity2 stage (p = 0.016) and N stage (p = 0.001) were negative factors for DMFS and DFS, respectively. Overall, NCT demonstrated no benefit and an increased risk of severe @entity6 . However, compared to @entity0 treated with CCRT alone, NCT showed potential of improving DMFS in stage IV @entity0 . CONCLUSION: CCRT using IMRT resulted in excellent local control and survival outcome. Without evidence of survival benefit from phase III randomized trials, NCT should be carefully administered in locoregionally advanced @entity4 @entity0 who are at high-risk of developing distant @entity1 and radiotherapy-related @entity3 . The results of ongoing trials are awaited.

title: Locoregionally advanced @entity4 treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus concurrent weekly XXXX with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The outcomes of locoregionally advanced @entity4 @entity0 treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with/without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three @entity0 who underwent NCT followed by CCRT (49%) or CCRT with/without adjuvant chemotherapy (51%) were reviewed. To the gross @entity2 , 67.5 Gy was prescribed. Weekly @entity5 was used as concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 49.4 months, the 5-year local control, regional control, distant @entity1 -free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival rates were 94.7%, 89.3%, 77.8%, 68.0%, and 81.8%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the American Joint Committee on @entity2 stage (p = 0.016) and N stage (p = 0.001) were negative factors for DMFS and DFS, respectively. Overall, NCT demonstrated no benefit and an increased risk of severe @entity6 . However, compared to @entity0 treated with CCRT alone, NCT showed potential of improving DMFS in stage IV @entity0 . CONCLUSION: CCRT using IMRT resulted in excellent local control and survival outcome. Without evidence of survival benefit from phase III randomized trials, NCT should be carefully administered in locoregionally advanced @entity4 @entity0 who are at high-risk of developing distant @entity1 and radiotherapy-related @entity3 . The results of ongoing trials are awaited.

title: Locoregionally advanced XXXX treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus concurrent weekly @entity5 with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the trends in incidence and mortality of out-of-hospital @entity1 (OHCA), as well as factors associated with OHCA outcomes in Taiwan. METHODS: Our study included OHCA @entity0 requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) upon arrival at the hospital. We used national time-series data on annual OHCA incidence rates and mortality rates from 2000 to 2012, and individual demographic and clinical data for all OHCA @entity0 requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) care from March of 2010 to September of 2011. Analytic techniques included the time-series regression and the logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 117,787 OHCAs in total. The overall incidence rate during the 13 years was 51.1 per 100,000 @entity0 , and the secular trend indicates a sharp increase in the early 2000s and a decrease afterwards. The trend in mortality was also curvilinear, revealing a substantial increase in the early 2000s, a subsequent steep decline and finally a modest increase. Both the 30-day and 180-day mortality rates had a long-term decreasing trend over the period (p<0.01). For both incidence and mortality rates, a significant second-order autoregressive effect emerged. Among OHCA @entity0 with MV, 1-day, 30-day and 180-day mortality rates were 31.3%, 75.8%, and 86.0%, respectively. In this cohort, older age, the female gender, and a Charlson comorbidity index score >=  2 were associated with higher 180-day mortality; @entity0 delivered to regional hospitals and those residing in non-metropolitan areas had higher death risk. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, both the 30-day and the 180-day mortality rates after OHCA had a long-term decreasing trend, while the 1-day mortality had no long-term decline. Among OHCA @entity0 requiring MV, those delivered to regional hospitals and those residing in non-metropolitan areas tended to have higher mortality, suggesting a need for effort to further standardize and improve in-hospital care across hospitals and to advance pre-hospital care in non-metropolitan areas.

title: The secular trends in the incidence rate and outcomes of out-of-hospital XXXX in Taiwan--a nationwide population-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is the fourth most common @entity1 affecting @entity0 worldwide. Since 2006, two @entity2 vaccines (HPVV) have been licensed to protect @entity0 against the virus that causes @entity1 . However, worldwide coverage remains unequal. Studies from the USA found strong evidence for differences in HPVV uptake by ethnicity and healthcare coverage. As the profile of ethnic groups and the healthcare system in the USA differ from countries in Europe where HPVV is free in most of the countries, we conducted a systematic review in order to analyze the determinants of HPVV uptake in Europe. METHODS: We performed a systematic Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct search to find articles published from HPVV availability in European countries until April 2014. No age restriction was applied. We included all studies assessing factors associated with HPVV uptake. Uptake refers to either initiation and/or completion of the three dose vaccination program. RESULTS: Out of the 23 eligible studies, 14 were retrospective reviews of data, six were cross-sectional surveys, and three were prospective cohort studies. Higher HPVV uptake was associated with ethnic majority populations, higher socio-economic status, regular cervical screening participation by the mother, and having received previous childhood vaccinations. CONCLUSION: Since the vaccine is offered for free in most of the European countries, the findings suggest that ethno-cultural and educational factors play an important role when it comes to HPVV uptake. @entity0 who were undervaccinated had also a lower uptake of standard childhood vaccines and mothers who were less likely to attend @entity1 screening. This may indicate that only few parents have specific concerns with HPVV, and that preventive health care should seek ways to target these vulnerable groups.

title: Determinants in the Uptake of the XXXX Vaccine: A Systematic Review Based on European Studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 nanoparticles ( @entity5 NPs) are increasingly used in diverse applications that has raised concern about their safety. Recent studies suggested that @entity5 NPs induced oxidative stress may be the cause of @entity0 in algae, Ceriodaphnia dubia, @entity3 and @entity4 . However, there is paucity on the @entity0 of @entity5 NPs on fish cell lines. The current study was aimed to investigate @entity5 NPs induced @entity0 , oxidative stress and morphological abnormality of Chinnok salmon cells (CHSE-214). A dose-dependent decline in cell viability was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity5 NPs. Oxidative stress induced by @entity5 NPs in CHSE-214 cells has resulted in the significant reduction of @entity1 dismutase, catalase and @entity2 in a dose-dependent manner. However, a significant increase in @entity2 sulfo-transferase and lipid peroxidation was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity5 NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Significant morphological changes in CHSE-214 cells were observed when exposed to @entity5 NPs at 6, 12 and 24   h. The cells started to detach and appear spherical at 6   h followed by loss of cellular contents resulting in the shrinking of the cells. At 24   h, the cells started to disintegrate and resulted in cell death. Our data demonstrate that @entity5 NPs induce @entity0 and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner in CHSE-214 cells. Thus, our current work may serve as a base-line study for future evaluation of @entity0 studies using CHSE-214 cells.

title: @entity6 nanoparticles induced morphological changes, XXXX and oxidative stress in Chinook salmon (CHSE-214) cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 nanoparticles ( @entity5 NPs) are increasingly used in diverse applications that has raised concern about their safety. Recent studies suggested that @entity5 NPs induced oxidative stress may be the cause of @entity0 in algae, Ceriodaphnia dubia, @entity3 and @entity4 . However, there is paucity on the @entity0 of @entity5 NPs on fish cell lines. The current study was aimed to investigate @entity5 NPs induced @entity0 , oxidative stress and morphological abnormality of Chinnok salmon cells (CHSE-214). A dose-dependent decline in cell viability was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity5 NPs. Oxidative stress induced by @entity5 NPs in CHSE-214 cells has resulted in the significant reduction of @entity1 dismutase, catalase and @entity2 in a dose-dependent manner. However, a significant increase in @entity2 sulfo-transferase and lipid peroxidation was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity5 NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Significant morphological changes in CHSE-214 cells were observed when exposed to @entity5 NPs at 6, 12 and 24   h. The cells started to detach and appear spherical at 6   h followed by loss of cellular contents resulting in the shrinking of the cells. At 24   h, the cells started to disintegrate and resulted in cell death. Our data demonstrate that @entity5 NPs induce @entity0 and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner in CHSE-214 cells. Thus, our current work may serve as a base-line study for future evaluation of @entity0 studies using CHSE-214 cells.

title: XXXX nanoparticles induced morphological changes, @entity0 and oxidative stress in Chinook salmon (CHSE-214) cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: The association between recent and more distant weight changes before and after the diagnosis of @entity2 2 @entity1 has been little researched. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of @entity0 ' weight history before @entity1 diagnosis on the observed 6-year weight changes after diagnosis. METHODS: A clinical cohort study combined with self-reported past weight history. In total 885 @entity0 aged >= 40 years and newly diagnosed with clinical @entity2 2 @entity1 were included. Body weight was measured immediately after @entity1 diagnosis and again at the 6-year follow up examination (median, 5.7 years). At diagnosis @entity0 reported their weight 1 year and 10 years previously, and also at the age of 20. Multivariate linear regression analyses controlled for 20 baseline @entity0 characteristics. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 63.2 (53.9; 71.4) years. Median body weight was 80.0 (72.0; 90.0) kg 10 years before diagnosis, 85.0 (75.0; 95.0) kg 1 year before diagnosis, 82.4 (72.0; 94.0) kg at diagnosis, and 80.0 (70.0; 91.1) kg at 6-year follow up. Each kg of weight gain during the year preceding the diagnosis was associated with a weight change (95% CI) of -0.20 (-0.28; -0.13) kg during the follow up period. In all models age and body mass index at diagnosis predicted future weight changes, while the weight at age 20 (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.03) kg/kg), and the weight change from 10 years to 1 year before diagnosis (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.04) kg/kg), did not predict weight change after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: During the first on average 5.7 years after diagnosis of @entity2 2 @entity1 , @entity0 generally follow a course of declining average weight, and these weight developments are related primarily to recent weight changes, body mass index, and age, but not to the more distant weight history.

title: Weight changes following the diagnosis of XXXX 2 @entity1 : the impact of recent and past weight history before diagnosis. results from the Danish @entity1 Care in General Practice (DCGP) study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The association between recent and more distant weight changes before and after the diagnosis of @entity2 2 @entity1 has been little researched. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of @entity0 ' weight history before @entity1 diagnosis on the observed 6-year weight changes after diagnosis. METHODS: A clinical cohort study combined with self-reported past weight history. In total 885 @entity0 aged >= 40 years and newly diagnosed with clinical @entity2 2 @entity1 were included. Body weight was measured immediately after @entity1 diagnosis and again at the 6-year follow up examination (median, 5.7 years). At diagnosis @entity0 reported their weight 1 year and 10 years previously, and also at the age of 20. Multivariate linear regression analyses controlled for 20 baseline @entity0 characteristics. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 63.2 (53.9; 71.4) years. Median body weight was 80.0 (72.0; 90.0) kg 10 years before diagnosis, 85.0 (75.0; 95.0) kg 1 year before diagnosis, 82.4 (72.0; 94.0) kg at diagnosis, and 80.0 (70.0; 91.1) kg at 6-year follow up. Each kg of weight gain during the year preceding the diagnosis was associated with a weight change (95% CI) of -0.20 (-0.28; -0.13) kg during the follow up period. In all models age and body mass index at diagnosis predicted future weight changes, while the weight at age 20 (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.03) kg/kg), and the weight change from 10 years to 1 year before diagnosis (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.04) kg/kg), did not predict weight change after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: During the first on average 5.7 years after diagnosis of @entity2 2 @entity1 , @entity0 generally follow a course of declining average weight, and these weight developments are related primarily to recent weight changes, body mass index, and age, but not to the more distant weight history.

title: Weight changes following the diagnosis of @entity2 2 XXXX : the impact of recent and past weight history before diagnosis. results from the Danish @entity1 Care in General Practice (DCGP) study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: The association between recent and more distant weight changes before and after the diagnosis of @entity2 2 @entity1 has been little researched. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of @entity0 ' weight history before @entity1 diagnosis on the observed 6-year weight changes after diagnosis. METHODS: A clinical cohort study combined with self-reported past weight history. In total 885 @entity0 aged >= 40 years and newly diagnosed with clinical @entity2 2 @entity1 were included. Body weight was measured immediately after @entity1 diagnosis and again at the 6-year follow up examination (median, 5.7 years). At diagnosis @entity0 reported their weight 1 year and 10 years previously, and also at the age of 20. Multivariate linear regression analyses controlled for 20 baseline @entity0 characteristics. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 63.2 (53.9; 71.4) years. Median body weight was 80.0 (72.0; 90.0) kg 10 years before diagnosis, 85.0 (75.0; 95.0) kg 1 year before diagnosis, 82.4 (72.0; 94.0) kg at diagnosis, and 80.0 (70.0; 91.1) kg at 6-year follow up. Each kg of weight gain during the year preceding the diagnosis was associated with a weight change (95% CI) of -0.20 (-0.28; -0.13) kg during the follow up period. In all models age and body mass index at diagnosis predicted future weight changes, while the weight at age 20 (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.03) kg/kg), and the weight change from 10 years to 1 year before diagnosis (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.04) kg/kg), did not predict weight change after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: During the first on average 5.7 years after diagnosis of @entity2 2 @entity1 , @entity0 generally follow a course of declining average weight, and these weight developments are related primarily to recent weight changes, body mass index, and age, but not to the more distant weight history.

title: Weight changes following the diagnosis of @entity2 2 @entity1 : the impact of recent and past weight history before diagnosis. results from the Danish XXXX Care in General Practice (DCGP) study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The clinical and histopathologic features of 29 eyes from 29 @entity0 with central @entity14 (CRVO) are reported. A fresh or a recanalized @entity8 was observed in each eye. This study considers the temporal aspects of the cases, and it notes the different morphologic features of the occlusion. These observations explain most of the variability of the changes observed in previous reports. We believe that these different features represent the various stages in the natural evolution of such a @entity8 . The interval between CRVO and histopathologic study in our series ranged from six hours to more than 10 years. Local and systemic factors were reviewed and were found to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity8 formation. @entity4 with a predisposing effect on CRVO included: @entity9 , @entity13 , @entity7 , @entity7 , and drusen of the optic nerve head. Associated systemic diseases included: @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity12 with @entity10 . A fresh @entity8 in the CRVO was observed in three (10.3%), and a recanalized @entity8 in 26 eyes (89.7%). Endothelial-cell proliferation was a conspicuous feature in 14 (48.3%) of the eyes. @entity2 in the area of the @entity8 , and/or vein wall or perivenular area was observed in 14 (48.3%) of the eyes. @entity6 was observed in seven eyes (24.6%). @entity11 was found in 26 (89.7%) of the eyes.

title: Central XXXX : a prospective histopathologic study of 29 eyes in 28 cases.

answer: @entity14


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and @entity4 symptoms impact many aspects of the lives of @entity0 with @entity1 [ @entity1 ]. This literature is based largely on North American and Western European samples, and little is known about these aspects of @entity6 in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: RELACCEM is a longitudinal, multicenter study including @entity1 centers in Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Venezuela, Uruguay and Mexico. The goal is to determine the prevalence of @entity3 (two or more cognitive domains under the 5th percentile of healthy controls performance) and the full range of @entity4 in these regions, and how these symptoms relate to caregiver burden and employment. METHODS: @entity0 were 110 @entity0 with relapsing-remitting [RR] course and less than five years of disease duration. Thirty-four healthy controls were also recruited. All @entity0 were evaluated in one of 14 specialized centers. RESULTS: In additional to overall @entity2 , both cognition and @entity4 distinguished @entity0 and controls. The prevalence of @entity3 was 34.5% and 20.9% presented with clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptomatology. @entity3 was a significant predictor of employment status. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first multicenter epidemiological study of @entity1 -associated cognitive and @entity4 in Latin America. Results indicate that @entity3 and @entity5 and caregiver burden are already apparent at an early stage of the disease. The presence of @entity4 indicates the need for appropriate interventions as early as possible to mitigate psychosocial consequences of caregiver burden.

title: Cognitive and @entity4 among XXXX @entity0 from Latin America: Results of the RELACCEM study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and @entity4 symptoms impact many aspects of the lives of @entity0 with @entity1 [ @entity1 ]. This literature is based largely on North American and Western European samples, and little is known about these aspects of @entity6 in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: RELACCEM is a longitudinal, multicenter study including @entity1 centers in Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Venezuela, Uruguay and Mexico. The goal is to determine the prevalence of @entity3 (two or more cognitive domains under the 5th percentile of healthy controls performance) and the full range of @entity4 in these regions, and how these symptoms relate to caregiver burden and employment. METHODS: @entity0 were 110 @entity0 with relapsing-remitting [RR] course and less than five years of disease duration. Thirty-four healthy controls were also recruited. All @entity0 were evaluated in one of 14 specialized centers. RESULTS: In additional to overall @entity2 , both cognition and @entity4 distinguished @entity0 and controls. The prevalence of @entity3 was 34.5% and 20.9% presented with clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptomatology. @entity3 was a significant predictor of employment status. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first multicenter epidemiological study of @entity1 -associated cognitive and @entity4 in Latin America. Results indicate that @entity3 and @entity5 and caregiver burden are already apparent at an early stage of the disease. The presence of @entity4 indicates the need for appropriate interventions as early as possible to mitigate psychosocial consequences of caregiver burden.

title: Cognitive and XXXX among @entity1 @entity0 from Latin America: Results of the RELACCEM study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and @entity4 symptoms impact many aspects of the lives of @entity0 with @entity1 [ @entity1 ]. This literature is based largely on North American and Western European samples, and little is known about these aspects of @entity6 in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: RELACCEM is a longitudinal, multicenter study including @entity1 centers in Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Venezuela, Uruguay and Mexico. The goal is to determine the prevalence of @entity3 (two or more cognitive domains under the 5th percentile of healthy controls performance) and the full range of @entity4 in these regions, and how these symptoms relate to caregiver burden and employment. METHODS: @entity0 were 110 @entity0 with relapsing-remitting [RR] course and less than five years of disease duration. Thirty-four healthy controls were also recruited. All @entity0 were evaluated in one of 14 specialized centers. RESULTS: In additional to overall @entity2 , both cognition and @entity4 distinguished @entity0 and controls. The prevalence of @entity3 was 34.5% and 20.9% presented with clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptomatology. @entity3 was a significant predictor of employment status. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first multicenter epidemiological study of @entity1 -associated cognitive and @entity4 in Latin America. Results indicate that @entity3 and @entity5 and caregiver burden are already apparent at an early stage of the disease. The presence of @entity4 indicates the need for appropriate interventions as early as possible to mitigate psychosocial consequences of caregiver burden.

title: Cognitive and @entity4 among @entity1 XXXX from Latin America: Results of the RELACCEM study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 colic, excessive crying of unknown cause, is a major burden to families and effects about 10-30  % of @entity0 . Despite decades of research, the exact cause and treatment of @entity0 colic has remained elusive. The use of @entity2 (DSM 17938) in @entity0 colic is somewhat controversial and hence, we designed this study to evaluate its efficacy in infantile colic. We recruited predominantly or exclusively breastfed @entity0 , aged less than 4  months in a placebo controlled observational randomized study. @entity0 ' were assigned to receive @entity2 at a dose 10(8) colony forming units (n  =  21) and placebo (n  =  21). Placebo was an identical formulation without live micro-organisms. Treatment was given to subjects for 21  days and they were followed for 4  weeks. Treatment success (primary outcome), daily reduction in crying time, parent satisfaction and @entity1 (secondary outcomes) were assessed at the end of study period. Treatment success was observed in all @entity0 (100  %) of the probiotic group while it was seen in 15.7  % of the placebo group. Mean daily crying time was more significantly reduced to 32.1      8.3  min/day (P  <  0.01) from 200.9      6.3  min/day in the probiotic group as compared to the placebo group (120.6      20.0  min/day). Moreover, throughout the study period, parent's satisfaction and improvement in maternal @entity1 (Edinburgh postnatal @entity1 scale) was also significantly higher in the probiotic group. In our study population, reduction in crying time was significant (P  <  0.01) even during first week of initiation of therapy. We conclude that @entity2 (DSM 17938) reduces daily crying time and maternal @entity1 during infantile colic. We suggest @entity2 may be a safe and efficacious option for reducing @entity0 colic.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX in infantile colic and colicky induced maternal @entity1 : a prospective single blind randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 colic, excessive crying of unknown cause, is a major burden to families and effects about 10-30  % of @entity0 . Despite decades of research, the exact cause and treatment of @entity0 colic has remained elusive. The use of @entity2 (DSM 17938) in @entity0 colic is somewhat controversial and hence, we designed this study to evaluate its efficacy in infantile colic. We recruited predominantly or exclusively breastfed @entity0 , aged less than 4  months in a placebo controlled observational randomized study. @entity0 ' were assigned to receive @entity2 at a dose 10(8) colony forming units (n  =  21) and placebo (n  =  21). Placebo was an identical formulation without live micro-organisms. Treatment was given to subjects for 21  days and they were followed for 4  weeks. Treatment success (primary outcome), daily reduction in crying time, parent satisfaction and @entity1 (secondary outcomes) were assessed at the end of study period. Treatment success was observed in all @entity0 (100  %) of the probiotic group while it was seen in 15.7  % of the placebo group. Mean daily crying time was more significantly reduced to 32.1      8.3  min/day (P  <  0.01) from 200.9      6.3  min/day in the probiotic group as compared to the placebo group (120.6      20.0  min/day). Moreover, throughout the study period, parent's satisfaction and improvement in maternal @entity1 (Edinburgh postnatal @entity1 scale) was also significantly higher in the probiotic group. In our study population, reduction in crying time was significant (P  <  0.01) even during first week of initiation of therapy. We conclude that @entity2 (DSM 17938) reduces daily crying time and maternal @entity1 during infantile colic. We suggest @entity2 may be a safe and efficacious option for reducing @entity0 colic.

title: Effectiveness of @entity2 in infantile colic and colicky induced maternal XXXX : a prospective single blind randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of muscle haematoma in @entity1 @entity0 . Muscle haematomas are rare complications that occur during antithrombotic treatment for acute @entity1 . Clinical and laboratory records of @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 in the last 3.5years were retrospectively reviewed. Muscular haematoma developed in three of 694 (0.4%) consecutive @entity0 with acute @entity1 who were admitted to our institution. In addition, one outpatient presenting with muscle haematoma was found during the same period. The types of haematomas were @entity7 in two @entity0 and iliopsoas haematoma in the remaining two. All three acute @entity0 received both antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies. The outpatient was treated with @entity6 . Initial symptoms of haematoma included @entity3 (n=3) and @entity5 (n=1). No @entity0 was correctly diagnosed at the onset of muscle haematoma. At initial examination of muscle haematoma, no @entity0 showed @entity4 . An ecchymosis developed in the abdominal area at an average of 3days after the initial symptoms. Mean decrease in haemoglobin was 6.8g/dL from baseline. None required surgery whereas two @entity0 required blood transfusion. Muscle haematomas in @entity1 patients receiving antithrombotic therapy are rare complications that are difficult to diagnose at onset. The possibility of muscle haematoma should be considered in @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing antithrombotic therapy and presenting with acute @entity3 and @entity5 , even if skin manifestations or a palpable mass are lacking.

title: @entity2 due to antithrombotic treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of muscle haematoma in @entity1 @entity0 . Muscle haematomas are rare complications that occur during antithrombotic treatment for acute @entity1 . Clinical and laboratory records of @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 in the last 3.5years were retrospectively reviewed. Muscular haematoma developed in three of 694 (0.4%) consecutive @entity0 with acute @entity1 who were admitted to our institution. In addition, one outpatient presenting with muscle haematoma was found during the same period. The types of haematomas were @entity7 in two @entity0 and iliopsoas haematoma in the remaining two. All three acute @entity0 received both antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies. The outpatient was treated with @entity6 . Initial symptoms of haematoma included @entity3 (n=3) and @entity5 (n=1). No @entity0 was correctly diagnosed at the onset of muscle haematoma. At initial examination of muscle haematoma, no @entity0 showed @entity4 . An ecchymosis developed in the abdominal area at an average of 3days after the initial symptoms. Mean decrease in haemoglobin was 6.8g/dL from baseline. None required surgery whereas two @entity0 required blood transfusion. Muscle haematomas in @entity1 patients receiving antithrombotic therapy are rare complications that are difficult to diagnose at onset. The possibility of muscle haematoma should be considered in @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing antithrombotic therapy and presenting with acute @entity3 and @entity5 , even if skin manifestations or a palpable mass are lacking.

title: XXXX due to antithrombotic treatment for @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: As there are no biological markers, a detailed description of symptoms, particularly temporal characteristics, is crucial when diagnosing @entity3 . Hitherto these temporal aspects have not been studied in detail. METHODS: We conducted a prospective diary-aided study of the duration and the succession of aura symptoms and their temporal relationship with @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity0 completed the study recording in a diary the characteristics of three consecutive auras (n   =   162 auras). The median duration of @entity2 were 30, 20 and 20 minutes, respectively. @entity2 lasted for more than one hour in 14% of auras (n   =   158), sensory symptoms in 21% of auras (n   =   52), and dysphasic symptoms in 17% of auras (n   =   18). Twenty-six percent of @entity0 had at least one aura out of three with one symptom lasting for more than one hour. In aura with multiple symptoms the subsequent symptom, second versus first one or third versus second, might either start simultaneously (34 and 18%), during (37 and 55%), with the end (5 and 9%), or after (24 and 18%) the previous aura symptom. The @entity1 phase started before the aura (9%), simultaneously with the onset of aura (14%), during the aura (26%), simultaneously with the end of aura (15%) or after the end of aura (36%). CONCLUSION: We provide data to suggest that symptoms may last longer than one hour in a relevant proportion of auras or @entity3 @entity0 , and that there is a high variability of scenarios in terms of time relationship among aura symptoms and between aura and @entity1 .

title: @entity3 : Duration, succession and temporal relationship to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: As there are no biological markers, a detailed description of symptoms, particularly temporal characteristics, is crucial when diagnosing @entity3 . Hitherto these temporal aspects have not been studied in detail. METHODS: We conducted a prospective diary-aided study of the duration and the succession of aura symptoms and their temporal relationship with @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity0 completed the study recording in a diary the characteristics of three consecutive auras (n   =   162 auras). The median duration of @entity2 were 30, 20 and 20 minutes, respectively. @entity2 lasted for more than one hour in 14% of auras (n   =   158), sensory symptoms in 21% of auras (n   =   52), and dysphasic symptoms in 17% of auras (n   =   18). Twenty-six percent of @entity0 had at least one aura out of three with one symptom lasting for more than one hour. In aura with multiple symptoms the subsequent symptom, second versus first one or third versus second, might either start simultaneously (34 and 18%), during (37 and 55%), with the end (5 and 9%), or after (24 and 18%) the previous aura symptom. The @entity1 phase started before the aura (9%), simultaneously with the onset of aura (14%), during the aura (26%), simultaneously with the end of aura (15%) or after the end of aura (36%). CONCLUSION: We provide data to suggest that symptoms may last longer than one hour in a relevant proportion of auras or @entity3 @entity0 , and that there is a high variability of scenarios in terms of time relationship among aura symptoms and between aura and @entity1 .

title: XXXX : Duration, succession and temporal relationship to @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aim of the study was assessment of efficacy and safety of transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagal nerve (t-VNS) in the treatment of chronic @entity2 . METHODS: A monocentric, randomized, controlled, double-blind study was conducted. After one month of baseline, chronic @entity2 @entity0 were randomized to receive 25  Hz or 1  Hz stimulation of the sensory vagal area at the left ear by a handhold battery driven stimulator for 4  h/day during 3  months. @entity1 days per 28  days were compared between baseline and the last month of treatment and the number of days with acute medication was recorded The @entity1 Impact Test (HIT-6) and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaires were used to assess @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 46 randomized @entity0 , 40 finished the study (per protocol). In the per protocol analysis, @entity0 in the 1  Hz group had a significantly larger reduction in @entity1 days per 28  days than @entity0 in the 25  Hz group (-7.0        4.6 vs. -3.3        5.4  days, p   =   0.035). 29.4  % of the @entity0 in the 1  Hz group had a >= 50  % reduction in @entity1 days vs. 13.3  % in the 25  Hz group. HIT-6 and MIDAS scores were significantly improved in both groups, without group differences. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSION: Treatment of chronic @entity2 by t-VNS at 1  Hz was safe and effective. The mean reduction of @entity1 days after 12  weeks of treatment exceeded that reported for other nerve stimulating procedures.

title: Treatment of chronic XXXX with transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagal nerve (auricular t-VNS): a randomized, monocentric clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The syncytialization of cytotrophoblast cells to syncytiotrophoblast is central to @entity0 placental transport and hormone production. Many techniques for in vitro study of this process have been proposed and new investigators to the field may find the literature in the field daunting. Here, we present a straightforward and reliable method to establish this important model using modern but readily available tools and reagents. METHODS: Villous cytotrophoblast cells are obtained from term placenta using mild enzymatic degradation, Percoll gradient centrifugation, negative magnetic cell sorting using an antibody against classical major histocompatibility complex molecules and in vitro culture on a matrix-coated growth surface. RESULTS: The purity of isolated cytotrophoblast cells exceeds 98  % as assessed by @entity5 expression using flow cytometry. Contamination by mesenchymal cells, extravillous trophoblast cells, leukocytes, Hofbauer and endothelial cells is minimized (less than 2  % when analyzed for @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity3 using flow cytometry). Isolated cytotrophoblast cells began to aggregate into monolayers of mononucleated cells within about 12  h of plating. By 72  h in culture, most cytotrophoblast cells have differentiated into syncytiotrophoblast as demonstrated by a loss of intercellular @entity6 expression upon fusion into multinucleated syncytia. After 72  h in culture, nearly every cultured cell expresses syncytiotrophoblast markers, including @entity5 , @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin-b (b-hCG) and the fusion-related proteins @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and syncytin. CONCLUSIONS: We present an efficient and reliable method for isolating of cytotrophoblast cells with high purity and complete differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast in vitro.

title: Isolation, purification and in vitro differentiation of cytotrophoblast cells from XXXX term placenta.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Uganda is a low-income country with the largest @entity1 population in East Africa. @entity1 keeping has a large potential, commercially and as a tool for poverty reduction, but @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a major hurdle for development of the sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices related to @entity2 in the smallholder @entity1 production value chain in northern Uganda. The study included three separate series of participatory rural appraisals (PRA), comprising purposively selected farmers and other actors in the @entity1 production value chain. In the PRAs, various participatory epidemiology tools were used. A total of 49 PRAs and 574 @entity0 , representing 64 different villages, were included. The results indicate that @entity0 were well aware of the clinical signs of @entity2 , routes for disease spread and measures for disease control. However, awareness of the control measures did not guarantee their implementation. A majority of middlemen and butchers acknowledged having sold live @entity1 , carcasses or pork they believed infected with @entity2 . Outbreaks of @entity2 had a strong negative impact on @entity0 ' socio-economic status with loss of revenue and reversal into more severe poverty. In conclusion, lack of knowledge is not what is driving the continuous circulation of @entity2 virus in this setting. To control @entity2 and reduce its impact, initiatives that stimulate changes in management are needed. Because the behaviour of all actors in the value chain is largely influenced by the deep rural poverty in the region, this needs to be combined with efforts to reduce rural poverty.

title: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to African Swine  Fever Within Smallholder XXXX Production in Northern Uganda.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is a leading cause of @entity2 and disability worldwide. @entity3 is the dominant subtype of @entity1 and results from focal @entity4 due to occlusion of major cerebral arteries. Thus, the restoration or improvement of reduced regional cerebral blood supply in a timely manner is very critical for improving @entity1 outcomes and poststroke functional recovery. The recovery from @entity3 largely relies on appropriate restoration of blood flow via angiogenesis. Newly formed vessels would allow increased cerebral blood flow, thus increasing the amount of @entity0 and nutrients delivered to affected brain tissue. Angiogenesis is strictly controlled by many key angiogenic factors in the central nervous system, and these molecules have been well-documented to play an important role in the development of angiogenesis in response to various pathological conditions. Promoting angiogenesis via various approaches that target angiogenic factors appears to be a useful treatment for experimental @entity3 . Most recently, microRNAs (miRs) have been identified as negative regulators of gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that miRs are essential determinants of vascular endothelial cell biology/angiogenesis as well as contributors to @entity1 pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of @entity1 -associated angiogenic modulators, as well as the role and molecular mechanisms of @entity1 -associated miRs with a focus on angiogenesis-regulating miRs. Moreover, we further discuss their potential impact on miR-based therapeutics in @entity1 through targeting and enhancing post-ischemic angiogenesis.

title: Angiogenesis-regulating microRNAs and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 (RSI) is the recommended method to facilitate emergency tracheal intubation in @entity2 @entity0 . In emergency situations, a simple and standardised RSI protocol may improve the safety and effectiveness of the procedure. A crucial component of developing a standardised protocol is the selection of induction agents. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of a traditional RSI protocol using @entity9 and @entity6 with a modified RSI protocol using @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity5 . METHODS: We performed a comparative cohort study of major @entity2 @entity0 undergoing pre-hospital RSI by a physician-led Helicopter Emergency Medical Service. Group 1 underwent RSI using @entity9 and @entity6 and Group 2 underwent RSI using @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity5 . Apart from the induction agents, the RSI protocol was identical in both groups. Outcomes measured included laryngoscopy view, intubation success, haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, and mortality. RESULTS: Compared to Group 1 (n   =   116), Group 2 RSI (n   =   145) produced significantly better laryngoscopy views (p   =   0.013) and resulted in significantly higher first-pass intubation success (95% versus 100%; p   =   0.007). A @entity1 response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was less frequent following Group 2 RSI (79% versus 37%; p   <   0.0001). A @entity3 response was uncommon in both groups (1% versus 6%; p   =   0.05). Only one @entity0 in each group developed true @entity3 (SBP   <   90  mmHg) on induction. CONCLUSIONS: In a comparative, cohort study, pre-hospital RSI using @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity5 produced superior intubating conditions and a more favourable haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. An RSI protocol using fixed ratios of these agents delivers effective pre-hospital @entity2 anaesthesia.

title: Significant modification of traditional rapid sequence induction improves safety and effectiveness of pre-hospital XXXX anaesthesia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The 'cognitive mapping' component of spatial cognition, namely - the allocentric/egocentric function and its relation to symptoms in @entity1 is relatively unexplored. In this study, we compared @entity1 @entity0 (N=44) to demographically-matched healthy controls (N=43) using computer-administered visuospatial transformation tasks with egocentric and allocentric components and analyzed their correlation with symptoms. Significant diagnosis X task-type interaction effect was seen on task accuracy. @entity0 performed significantly worse than controls in the allocentric letter rotation task (LRT) but not in the egocentric @entity0 rotation task (PRT). Accuracy in the LRT was significantly lesser than in PRT among @entity0 but not among controls. @entity0 were significantly slower as compared to controls in both tasks. Both groups took longer to perform PRT as compared to LRT. LRT accuracy showed significant negative correlation with @entity2 as well as negative symptoms scores. Angle of rotation, perspective (front-facing/back-facing), orientation (mirrored/normal), and stimulus type (letter/number) were found to significantly influence performance in both groups of subjects. The present data support the finding that there is a differential impairment of allocentric abilities in @entity1 @entity0 . Further systematic research in this area may facilitate better understanding of @entity1 pathogenesis.

title: Cognitive mapping deficits in XXXX : Evidence from clinical correlates of visuospatial transformations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: First Nations, Inuit and M  tis ( @entity1 ) youth are disproportionately affected by @entity0 and represent known a high-risk group in Canada. School-based prevention programmes may have the potential to effectively influence @entity0 -related health behaviours (i.e. healthy eating and physical activity) among this population. We conducted a systematic review of nine electronic databases (2003-2014) to identify studies that describe school-based programmes that have been developed to improve @entity0 -related health behaviours and outcomes among @entity1 youth in Canada. The objectives of this review were to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of these programmes and assess the strength of the methodologies used to evaluate them. Fifteen studies, representing seven distinct interventions, met our inclusion criteria. The majority of these programmes did not result in significant improvements in outcomes related to @entity0 , healthy eating, or physical activity among @entity1 youth. The studies varied in design rigour and use of evaluation activities. The lack of literature on effective school-based programmes for @entity1 youth in Canada that target @entity0 -related outcomes highlights a priority area for future intervention development, evaluation and dissemination within the peer-reviewed literature. Further research is needed on interventions involving M  tis and Inuit youth, secondary school-aged @entity1 youth and @entity1 youth living in urban settings.

title: A systematic review of the effectiveness of school-based XXXX prevention programmes for First Nations, Inuit and M  tis youth in Canada.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Nuclei from @entity1 erythrocytes have been isolated under varying ionic conditions and their morphology studied by light and electron microscopy. The 200-A beaded chromatin fibre observed in vivo is maintained in media containing @entity6 or @entity4 , but not in those containing @entity3 as the sole divalent cation. In the absence of these alkaline-earth metal ions, 100-A filaments predominate. This suggests that the native 200-A fibre in isolated nuclei is also stabilized by specific divalent cations. Gross chromatin condensation within the nucleus occurs independently of whether the chromatin is in the form of 100-A or 200-A fibres, but requires the presence of divalent cations. Lower concentrations of @entity6 or @entity4 are necessary as compared with @entity7 . In the presence of sufficient divalent cations, decreasing @entity5 concentration causes @entity2 , the condensation of chromatin towards the nuclear membrane. Monovalent cation alone does not appear capable of inducing @entity2 . The transcriptional capacities of the different morphological types identified have been studied using @entity0 RNA polymerase as a probe. Neither the degree of chromatin condensation nor the state of higher-order coiling have a significant effect on the rate of transcription of the DNA. These results are discussed with regard to further in vitro studies on eukaryotic gene activity.

title: Structural transitions of chromatin in isolated XXXX erythrocyte nuclei. I. The effects of ions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the second most common @entity1 . Our study was to introduce a standardized surgical procedure of retrograde radical cystectomy and consequent peritoneal cavity reconstruction in localized male @entity2 . METHODS: Eighty-four consecutive male @entity0 with localized @entity2 (clinical stage T2 or lower) underwent surgery in our institute with the proposed procedure between May 2012 and April 2013. Median age was 65  years (range, 35 to 83  years); @entity0 characteristics, surgical parameters, perioperative complications, pathology, and short-term prognosis were analyzed. Median follow-up was 24  months (range, 18 to 30  months). RESULTS: The complete procedure including urinary diversion took 4.0  h (2.2 to 5.0  h), with a median exposed peritoneal cavity of 45  min (0 to 75  min); the median @entity3 was 140  ml (50 to 600  ml), and 2 @entity0 needed transfusion; neurovascular bundles were reserved in 76 cases; the median abdominal and pelvic drainage was 9.0  days (6 to 15  days), the median gastrointestinal recovery was 2.5  days (1 to 12  days), and the median postoperative hospital stay was 13.0  days (10 to 21  days). Four @entity0 had severe surgical complications, and two had mild to moderate ileus, with recovery in 1 and 2  weeks with supportive treatment. No perioperative @entity4 or postoperative recurrence were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical procedure in male localized @entity2 described in the present study provided surgical facilities, with limited abdominal organ disturbance and satisfactory @entity1 control. The procedure was associated with good gastrointestinal recovery, few @entity5 , and a short hospital stay.

title: Retrograde radical cystectomy and consequent peritoneal cavity reconstruction benefits localized male XXXX : results from a cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: For the purpose of preventing @entity2 , investigation was carried out on effectiveness and safety of @entity4 (AMK) after washing wound surface with its solution. 500 ml saline solution containing 400 mg AMK was used for washing. As the result, no @entity2 were observed in all the 19 @entity0 operated in our department. Neither abnormal findings to be regarded as abnormalities in blood test nor side-effects caused by washing were also observed. The blood samples obtained after washing did not show measurable AMK in all cases. It is said that use of antibiotics with 1) a wide-range of spectrum, 2) a bactericidal action and 3) low cross resistance against other antibiotics is preferable in washing wound surface in order to prevent @entity2 . Under these circumstances, administration of @entity3 antibiotics is used frequently. Concerning the use of @entity3 antibiotics, however, it is necessary to pay @entity1 . The previous study has revealed that AMK is lower in auditory and @entity1 than other @entity3 antibiotics. AMK is thought, therefore, to be free from fear of auditory and @entity1 after washing and also to be one of effective antibiotics.

title: [The study of washing operative wound with XXXX solution in the orthopedic surgery].

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present a case of a 40-year-old male @entity0 who presented to us with @entity2 in arm for anterior cervical discectomy with fusion. The preanesthetic checkup including indirect laryngoscopy was normal with routine investigations within normal limits. The @entity0 was induced and intubated with the established routine technique without any obvious airway problems. Prophylactic @entity3 was administered, and the intraoperative course was uneventful. Immediately after extubation, it was noticed that the @entity0 had inspiratory stridor and whispered voice on the operation theater table itself. Assessment by Bonfils retromolar fiberscope under @entity5 sedation revealed bilateral @entity1 . The @entity0 was re intubated and put on T piece with humidified O2. After 72-h, @entity0 was extubated after confirming normal vocal @entity4 under flexible fiberscope guidance. This case is presented to alert anesthesiologist about the possibility of @entity1 even though other potential airway complications are possible. We would also highlight the importance of Bonfils retromolar fiberscope in awake vocal cord examination and flexible fiberscope use in managing @entity0 presenting with airway problems during extubation.

title: Bilateral XXXX following anterior cervical discectomy-usefulness of bonfils retromolar fiberscope.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Basic and clinical evaluations of @entity11 were carried out in @entity0 , and the following results were obtained. 1. @entity11 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 @entity0 with @entity4 for the prophylaxis against @entity1 before undergoing cardiocatheterization and cardioangiography, and serum levels were determined. Peak levels reached after 30 minutes in 4 of the 9 cases, with a mean peak level of 22.5 mcg/ml and after 1 hour in 5 cases, with a mean peak level of 16.2 mcg/ml. Half life was 3.1 hours in the former group in a 6-hour blood sampling (1.04 hours in a 2-hour sampling) while in the latter group it was 1.37 hours. 2. Clinical responses were evaluated in 56 @entity0 comprising 23 cases of @entity10 , 8 of @entity9 , 13 of @entity12 , 10 of @entity2 and 2 of impetigo. Fifty of these cases had excellent and good responses showing a efficacy rate of 89.3%. 3. From 42 of the cases, 43 strains were isolated as causative organisms. Major organisms included 27 strains of @entity8 , 9 of @entity5 and 3 of @entity6 . As for bacteriological responses, all strains were eradicated. 4. No severe side effects were observed except for @entity3 of 1 cases and @entity7 of 2 cases. Furthermore, no @entity0 refused to take @entity11 dry syrup.

title: [Study of XXXX in pediatrics regarding clinical efficacy and serum levels (author's transl)].

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Program effectiveness is influenced by the degree and quality of implementation, thus requiring careful examination of delivery processes and how the program is or is not being implemented as intended. Implementation fidelity is defined by adherence to intervention design, exposure or dose, quality of delivery, and @entity0 responsiveness. As part of the process evaluation (PE) of Alive _ Thrive in Ethiopia, a large-scale initiative to improve @entity0 and young @entity0 feeding (IYCF), we assessed these four fidelity elements along three components of its community-based intervention: training of frontline workers (FLWs), delivery of program tools and messages, and supportive supervision. METHODS: Data from a qualitative study among three levels of FLWs (n   =   54), i.e. supervisors, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and community volunteers, and among mothers with @entity0 under two years of age (n   =   60); and cross-sectional PE surveys with FLWs (n   =   504) and mothers (n   =   750) in two regions (Tigray and SNNPR) were analyzed to examine program fidelity. RESULTS: There was strong adherence to the intended cascading design (i.e. transfer of knowledge and information from higher to lower FLW levels) and high exposure to training (95% @entity1 and 94% volunteers in Tigray, 68% and 81% respectively in SNNPR). Training quality, assessed by IYCF knowledge and self-reported capacity, was high and increased since baseline. Job aids were used regularly by most supervisors and @entity1 , but only 54% of volunteers in Tigray and 39% in SNNPR received them. Quality of program message delivery was lower among volunteers, and aided recall of key messages among mothers was also low. Although FLW supervision exposure was high, content and frequency were irregular. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of strong fidelity in training and delivery of program tools and messages at higher FLW levels, but gaps in the reach of these to community volunteers and mothers and variability between regions could limit the potential for impact. Strengthening the linkages between @entity1 and volunteers further can help to reach the target households and deliver IYCF results at scale.

title: Assessing implementation fidelity of a community-based XXXX and young @entity0 feeding intervention in Ethiopia identifies delivery challenges that limit reach to communities: a mixed-method process evaluation study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Program effectiveness is influenced by the degree and quality of implementation, thus requiring careful examination of delivery processes and how the program is or is not being implemented as intended. Implementation fidelity is defined by adherence to intervention design, exposure or dose, quality of delivery, and @entity0 responsiveness. As part of the process evaluation (PE) of Alive _ Thrive in Ethiopia, a large-scale initiative to improve @entity0 and young @entity0 feeding (IYCF), we assessed these four fidelity elements along three components of its community-based intervention: training of frontline workers (FLWs), delivery of program tools and messages, and supportive supervision. METHODS: Data from a qualitative study among three levels of FLWs (n   =   54), i.e. supervisors, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and community volunteers, and among mothers with @entity0 under two years of age (n   =   60); and cross-sectional PE surveys with FLWs (n   =   504) and mothers (n   =   750) in two regions (Tigray and SNNPR) were analyzed to examine program fidelity. RESULTS: There was strong adherence to the intended cascading design (i.e. transfer of knowledge and information from higher to lower FLW levels) and high exposure to training (95% @entity1 and 94% volunteers in Tigray, 68% and 81% respectively in SNNPR). Training quality, assessed by IYCF knowledge and self-reported capacity, was high and increased since baseline. Job aids were used regularly by most supervisors and @entity1 , but only 54% of volunteers in Tigray and 39% in SNNPR received them. Quality of program message delivery was lower among volunteers, and aided recall of key messages among mothers was also low. Although FLW supervision exposure was high, content and frequency were irregular. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of strong fidelity in training and delivery of program tools and messages at higher FLW levels, but gaps in the reach of these to community volunteers and mothers and variability between regions could limit the potential for impact. Strengthening the linkages between @entity1 and volunteers further can help to reach the target households and deliver IYCF results at scale.

title: Assessing implementation fidelity of a community-based @entity0 and young XXXX feeding intervention in Ethiopia identifies delivery challenges that limit reach to communities: a mixed-method process evaluation study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Although animal studies have shown that @entity2 ( @entity2 ) analogs can have disease-modifying effect on experimental @entity3 , there is little @entity0 data. This study aimed to analyze the association between endogenous @entity2 and @entity4 in @entity0 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 5880 @entity0 of The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum intact @entity2 was measured by chemiluminescence assay. @entity4 was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of >=   2. The association between @entity4 and natural log-transformed @entity2 (lnPTH) was modeled using logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, body mass index categories, @entity1 intake and serum @entity5 in both sexes. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity4 tended to be higher in the highest quartile of @entity2 in @entity0 . In @entity0 , there was no clear trend across the quartiles of @entity2 . In multivariable analyses, there was no significant association between lnPTH and @entity4 in either sex (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): 0.81 (0.64-1.02) in @entity0 and 0.88 (0.67-1.16) in @entity0 . Analyses on symptomatic @entity4 showed no significant association. CONCLUSION: Although there was a trend for a negative association in @entity0 , no statistically significant association was found between endogenous @entity2 and @entity4 .

title: Endogenous @entity2 and XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: Although animal studies have shown that @entity2 ( @entity2 ) analogs can have disease-modifying effect on experimental @entity3 , there is little @entity0 data. This study aimed to analyze the association between endogenous @entity2 and @entity4 in @entity0 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 5880 @entity0 of The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum intact @entity2 was measured by chemiluminescence assay. @entity4 was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of >=   2. The association between @entity4 and natural log-transformed @entity2 (lnPTH) was modeled using logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, body mass index categories, @entity1 intake and serum @entity5 in both sexes. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity4 tended to be higher in the highest quartile of @entity2 in @entity0 . In @entity0 , there was no clear trend across the quartiles of @entity2 . In multivariable analyses, there was no significant association between lnPTH and @entity4 in either sex (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): 0.81 (0.64-1.02) in @entity0 and 0.88 (0.67-1.16) in @entity0 . Analyses on symptomatic @entity4 showed no significant association. CONCLUSION: Although there was a trend for a negative association in @entity0 , no statistically significant association was found between endogenous @entity2 and @entity4 .

title: Endogenous XXXX and @entity4 : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routinely collected data in hospitals is complex, typically heterogeneous, and scattered across multiple Hospital Information Systems (HIS). This big data, created as a byproduct of health care activities, has the potential to provide a better understanding of diseases, unearth hidden patterns, and improve services and cost. The extent and uses of such data rely on its quality, which is not consistently checked, nor fully understood. Nevertheless, using routine data for the construction of data-driven clinical pathways, describing processes and trends, is a key topic receiving increasing attention in the literature. Traditional algorithms do not cope well with unstructured processes or data, and do not produce clinically meaningful visualizations. Supporting systems that provide additional information, context, and quality assurance inspection are needed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to explore how routine hospital data can be used to develop data-driven pathways that describe the journeys that @entity0 take through care, and their potential uses in biomedical research; it proposes a framework for the construction, quality assessment, and visualization of @entity0 pathways for clinical studies and decision support using a case study on @entity2 . METHODS: Data pertaining to @entity2 @entity0 were extracted from a large UK hospital from eight different HIS, validated, and complemented with information from the @entity1 registry. Data-driven pathways were built for each of the 1904 @entity0 and an expert knowledge base, containing rules on the @entity2 biomarker, was used to assess the completeness and utility of the pathways for a specific clinical study. Software components were built to provide meaningful visualizations for the constructed pathways. RESULTS: The proposed framework and pathway formalism enable the summarization, visualization, and querying of complex @entity0 -centric clinical information, as well as the computation of quality indicators and dimensions. A novel graphical representation of the pathways allows the synthesis of such information. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pathways built from routinely collected hospital data can unearth information about @entity0 and diseases that may otherwise be unavailable or overlooked in hospitals. Data-driven clinical pathways allow for heterogeneous data (ie, semistructured and unstructured data) to be collated over a unified data model and for data quality dimensions to be assessed. This work has enabled further research on @entity2 and its biomarkers, and on the development and application of methods to mine, compare, analyze, and visualize pathways constructed from routine data. This is an important development for the reuse of big data in hospitals.

title: Building Data-Driven Pathways From Routinely Collected Hospital Data: A Case Study on XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We previously reported ethnic disparity in adverse outcomes among Asians with type 2 @entity0 (T2DM) in Singapore. Central arterial stiffness can aggravate systemic @entity2 by propagating elevated systolic and pulse pressures forward, thereby accentuating global @entity4 . We aim to study ethnic disparity in central arterial stiffness and its determinants in a multi-ethnic T2DM Asian cohort. METHODS: Arterial stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity1 ) and augmentation index (AI) using applanation tonometry method in Chinese (N  =  1045), Malays (N  =  458) and Indians (N  =  468). Linear regression model was used to evaluate predictors of @entity1 and AI. RESULTS: @entity1 was higher in Malays (10.1      3.0  m/s) than Chinese (9.7      2.8  m/s) and Indians (9.6      3.1  m/s) (P  =  0.018). AI was higher in Indians (28.1      10.8%) than Malays (25.9      10.1%) and Chinese (26.1      10.7%) (P  <  0.001). Malays remain associated with higher @entity1 (b  =  0.299, P  =  0.048) post-adjustment for age, gender, duration of @entity0 , hemoglobin A1c, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products, urinary albumin-to- @entity3 ratio, and insulin usage, which were all independent predictors of @entity1 . Indians remain associated with higher AI (b  =  2.776, P  <  0.001) post-adjustment for age, gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, and height, which were independent predictors of AI. These variables explained 27.7% and 33.4% of the variance in @entity1 and AI respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Malays and Indians with T2DM have higher central arterial stiffness, which may explain their higher risk for adverse outcomes. Modifying traditional major vascular risk factors may partially alleviate their excess cardiovascular risk through modulating arterial stiffness.

title: Ethnic disparity in central arterial stiffness and its determinants among Asians with type 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: To examine the surgical outcome of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with eight-flap @entity1 (8-flap ex-DCR). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 55 sides of 51 @entity0 with nasolacrimal duct obstruction who underwent 8-flap ex-DCR. The @entity0 were followed up postoperatively at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, and evaluations were continued with 12-week follow-ups until postoperative 12 months. Anatomical success was defined as no reflux on lacrimal irrigation at 12 months. Functional success was defined as no @entity5 at postoperative 12 months. The presence of @entity4 and postoperative surgical site infections were checked in all @entity0 . The presence of granulation tissue around the ostium, under nasal endoscopy, was also examined on 14 sides of 14 @entity0 , at each visit. RESULTS: Anatomical success was demonstrated on all sides, and functional success was obtained from 54 sides (98.2%) of 50 @entity0 . One @entity0 experienced postoperative intermittent @entity5 on one side. The @entity0 did not show granulation tissue, @entity4 or @entity3 throughout the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: The 8-flap ex-DCR showed complete anatomical success and favourable functional success with no @entity2 .

title: Eight-flap XXXX in external dacryocystorhinostomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the UK, 20% of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are discharged from rehabilitation into an elderly care home. Despite this, and knowledge that the home is central to health and wellbeing, little research has examined the impact of being in care homes on the health and wellbeing of @entity0 with @entity2 . The purpose of this study was to address this gap. Twenty adults who lived in care homes or had done so recently for over two years were interviewed in-depth. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Analyses revealed that living in a care home environment severely damages quality of life, physical health and psychological wellbeing in the short and long-term. Reasons why quality of life, health, and wellbeing were damaged are identified. These included a lack of freedom, control, and flexibility, inability to participate in community life, inability to sustain relationships, safety problems, restricted participation in work and leisure time physical activity, lack of meaning, self-expression, and a future, loneliness, difficulties with the re-housing process, @entity1 , and suicidal thoughts and actions. It is concluded that for @entity0 with @entity2 , the care home environment violates social dignity, is oppressive, and denies @entity0 rights. Implications for housing and health care policies are also offered.

title: The Impact of Living in a Care Home on the Health and Wellbeing of Spinal Cord Injured XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether isolated or combined @entity3 ( @entity1 ) and @entity4 (CAF) supplementation have beneficial effects on performance during soccer-related tests performed after a previous training session. Eleven male, amateur soccer players completed 4 trials in a randomized, double-blind, and crossover design. In the morning, @entity0 performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST). Then, @entity0 ingested (i) 1.2 g  kg(-1) body mass  h(-1) @entity1 in a 20% @entity1 solution immediately after and 1, 2, and 3 h after the LIST; (ii) CAF (6 mg  kg(-1) body mass) 3 h after the LIST; (iii) @entity1 combined with CAF ( @entity1 +CAF); and (iv) placebo. All drinks were taste-matched and flavourless. After this 4-h recovery, @entity0 performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) test, a Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), and a repeated-sprint test. There were no main effects of supplementation for CMJ, LSPT total time, or best sprint and total sprint time from the repeated-sprint test (p>0.05). There were also no main effects of supplementation for heart rate, plasma @entity2 concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure-displeasure, and perceived activation (p>0.05). However, there were significant time effects (p<0.05), with heart rate, plasma @entity2 concentration, RPE, and perceived activation increasing with time, and pleasure-displeasure decreasing with time. In conclusion, isolated and/or combined @entity1 and CAF supplementation is not able to improve soccer-related performance tests when performed after a previous training session.

title: Effects of isolated or combined XXXX and @entity4 supplementation between 2 daily training sessions on soccer performance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether isolated or combined @entity3 ( @entity1 ) and @entity4 (CAF) supplementation have beneficial effects on performance during soccer-related tests performed after a previous training session. Eleven male, amateur soccer players completed 4 trials in a randomized, double-blind, and crossover design. In the morning, @entity0 performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST). Then, @entity0 ingested (i) 1.2 g  kg(-1) body mass  h(-1) @entity1 in a 20% @entity1 solution immediately after and 1, 2, and 3 h after the LIST; (ii) CAF (6 mg  kg(-1) body mass) 3 h after the LIST; (iii) @entity1 combined with CAF ( @entity1 +CAF); and (iv) placebo. All drinks were taste-matched and flavourless. After this 4-h recovery, @entity0 performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) test, a Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), and a repeated-sprint test. There were no main effects of supplementation for CMJ, LSPT total time, or best sprint and total sprint time from the repeated-sprint test (p>0.05). There were also no main effects of supplementation for heart rate, plasma @entity2 concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure-displeasure, and perceived activation (p>0.05). However, there were significant time effects (p<0.05), with heart rate, plasma @entity2 concentration, RPE, and perceived activation increasing with time, and pleasure-displeasure decreasing with time. In conclusion, isolated and/or combined @entity1 and CAF supplementation is not able to improve soccer-related performance tests when performed after a previous training session.

title: Effects of isolated or combined @entity3 and XXXX supplementation between 2 daily training sessions on soccer performance.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some evidence suggests that @entity4 may reduce @entity6 , while concerns have been raised about @entity7 . We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effects of @entity4 on total adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, @entity7 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity1 , and @entity2 in adults with or at risk for low bone mass. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE through July 2014 identified 58 randomized controlled trials with longer than 6 months in duration that reported CV events. Absolute risks and the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total CV events, @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity2 were estimated. Subgroup analyses by follow-up duration, population characteristics, @entity9 types, and route were performed. RESULTS: Absolute risks over 25-36 months in @entity9 -treated versus control @entity0 were 6.5% versus 6.2% for total CV events; 1.4% versus 1.5% for @entity7 ; 1.0% versus 1.2% for @entity5 ; 1.6% versus 1.9% for @entity1 ; and 1.5% versus 1.4% for @entity2 . @entity9 treatment up to 36 months did not have any significant effects on total CV events (14 trials; ORs [95% CI]: 0.98 [0.84-1.14]; I2 = 0.0%), @entity7 (41 trials; 1.08 [0.92-1.25]; I2 = 0.0%), @entity5 (10 trials; 0.96 [0.69-1.34]; I2 = 0.0%), @entity1 (10 trials; 0.99 [0.82-1.19]; I2 = 5.8%), and @entity2 (14 trials; 0.88 [0.72-1.07]; I2 = 0.0%) with little between-study heterogeneity. The risk of @entity7 appears to be modestly elevated for @entity8 (6 trials; 1.24 [0.96-1.61]; I2 = 0.0%), not for oral @entity4 (26 trials; 1.02 [0.83-1.24]; I2 = 0.0%). The CV effects did not vary by subgroups or study quality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 do not have beneficial or harmful effects on atherosclerotic CV events, but @entity8 may modestly increase the risk of @entity7 . Given the large reduction in fractures with @entity4 , changes in @entity3 treatment decision due to CV risk are not justified.

title: XXXX and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity4