abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper presents a retrospective study to classify @entity0 into subtypes of the treatment according to baseline and longitudinally observed values considering heterogenity in @entity5 prognosis. In the classical prospective clinical studies, @entity0 are classified with respect to baseline status and followed within a certain time period. However, latent growth mixture model is the most suitable method, which considers the population heterogenity and is not affected drop-outs if they are missing at random. Hence, we planned this comprehensive study to identify prognostic factors in @entity5 . METHODS: The study data have been based on a 10-year computer-based follow-up data of Mersin University Headache Outpatient Department. The developmental trajectories within subgroups were described for the severity, frequency, and duration of @entity1 separately and the probabilities of each subgroup were estimated by using latent growth mixture models. SAS PROC TRAJ procedures, semiparametric and group-based mixture modeling approach, were applied to define the developmental trajectories. RESULTS: While the three-group model for the severity (mild, moderate, severe) and frequency (low, medium, high) of @entity1 appeared to be appropriate, the four-group model for the duration (low, medium, high, extremely high) was more suitable. The severity of @entity1 increased in the @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity7 . The frequency of @entity1 was especially related with increasing age and @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity6 were also related with @entity1 duration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity6 were the most significant factors to identify developmental trajectories. The remission time was not the same for the severity, frequency, and duration of @entity1 .

title: Determining of XXXX prognosis using latent growth mixture models.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is recognized as a cause of early @entity2 . The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the early clinical presentation of symptomatic @entity4 in skeletally mature @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty-seven consecutive skeletally mature @entity0 with a total of sixty-five symptomatic hips were diagnosed with symptomatic @entity4 on the basis of the history, physical examination, and radiographs. These fifty-seven @entity0 were enrolled in this study and were followed prospectively for a minimum of twenty-four months postoperatively. RESULTS: The study group included forty-one female @entity0 (72%) and sixteen male @entity0 (28%) with a mean age of twenty-four years. All were treated with a periacetabular osteotomy and were followed for a minimum of twenty-four months. The initial presentation was insidious in 97% of the hips, and the majority (77%) of the hips were associated with moderate-to-severe @entity1 on a daily basis. @entity1 was most commonly localized to the groin (72%) and/or the lateral aspect of the hip (66%). Activity-related @entity1 was common (88%), and activity restriction frequently diminished @entity1 (in 75% of the cases). On examination, thirty-one hips (48%) were associated with a limp; twenty-five (38%), with a positive Trendelenburg sign; and sixty-three (97%), with a positive impingement sign. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of @entity3 was 61.5 months. The mean number of health-care providers seen prior to the definitive diagnosis was 3.3. The mean Harris hip score improved from 66.4 points preoperatively to 91.7 points at a mean of 29.2 months after the periacetabular osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of symptomatic @entity4 is commonly delayed, and procedures other than a pelvic reconstructive osteotomy are frequently recommended. The diagnosis of @entity3 should be suspected and investigated when a skeletally mature, young, active @entity0 has a predominant complaint of insidious activity-related groin @entity1 and/or lateral @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Clinical presentation of symptomatic XXXX in skeletally mature @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is recognized as a cause of early @entity2 . The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the early clinical presentation of symptomatic @entity4 in skeletally mature @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty-seven consecutive skeletally mature @entity0 with a total of sixty-five symptomatic hips were diagnosed with symptomatic @entity4 on the basis of the history, physical examination, and radiographs. These fifty-seven @entity0 were enrolled in this study and were followed prospectively for a minimum of twenty-four months postoperatively. RESULTS: The study group included forty-one female @entity0 (72%) and sixteen male @entity0 (28%) with a mean age of twenty-four years. All were treated with a periacetabular osteotomy and were followed for a minimum of twenty-four months. The initial presentation was insidious in 97% of the hips, and the majority (77%) of the hips were associated with moderate-to-severe @entity1 on a daily basis. @entity1 was most commonly localized to the groin (72%) and/or the lateral aspect of the hip (66%). Activity-related @entity1 was common (88%), and activity restriction frequently diminished @entity1 (in 75% of the cases). On examination, thirty-one hips (48%) were associated with a limp; twenty-five (38%), with a positive Trendelenburg sign; and sixty-three (97%), with a positive impingement sign. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of @entity3 was 61.5 months. The mean number of health-care providers seen prior to the definitive diagnosis was 3.3. The mean Harris hip score improved from 66.4 points preoperatively to 91.7 points at a mean of 29.2 months after the periacetabular osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of symptomatic @entity4 is commonly delayed, and procedures other than a pelvic reconstructive osteotomy are frequently recommended. The diagnosis of @entity3 should be suspected and investigated when a skeletally mature, young, active @entity0 has a predominant complaint of insidious activity-related groin @entity1 and/or lateral @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Clinical presentation of symptomatic @entity4 in skeletally mature XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Groin @entity1 may persist in up to 4.3% of @entity0 after total hip arthroplasty and up to 18% of @entity0 one year after hip resurfacing. The incidence of this problem after total hip arthroplasty with a large-diameter femoral head is unknown. METHODS: We analyzed the natural history of groin @entity1 and its clinical consequences during the first two years after three types of hip arthroplasty. Data were collected prospectively on 279 @entity0 . Eighty-five @entity0 had a @entity2 sandwich metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty with a 28-mm-diameter femoral head, 105 had hip resurfacing, and eighty-nine had a total hip arthroplasty with a large-diameter femoral head component with three other cup designs (forty-nine in this group had the same monoblock acetabular cup design as those who had hip resurfacing). RESULTS: At the twenty-four-month follow-up evaluation, seventy-seven @entity0 (28%) reported at least one @entity1 area around the hip and thirty-four @entity0 (12.2%) had @entity1 at more than one location. At three months, the incidence of groin discomfort was significantly increased in those who had hip resurfacing (30.5%) and in those who had total hip arthroplasty with a large-diameter femoral head (30%) compared with those who had total hip arthroplasty with a 28-mm femoral head (18.3%). This incidence decreased at two years (14.9%, 16.9%, and 12.9%, respectively). At twenty-four months postoperatively, eleven (four who had hip resurfacing, six who had total hip arthroplasty with the large-diameter head, and one who had total hip arthroplasty with the 28-mm head) of forty-one @entity0 who had groin @entity1 had not reported groin @entity1 at previous follow-up evaluations. Of the forty-one @entity0 reporting groin @entity1 at the time of the last follow-up, twenty-three @entity0 (56%) did not seek further evaluation or treatment, nine had revision surgery (22%), and the remaining nine @entity0 thought the @entity1 was substantial enough to warrant further evaluation and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: When the exact source of groin @entity1 cannot be found after total hip arthroplasty, careful follow-up should be done as local reactions to metal-on-metal implants and component loosening may take time to become apparent clinically or on imaging studies.

title: Residual groin XXXX at a minimum of two years after metal-on-metal THA with a twenty-eight-millimeter femoral head, THA with a large-diameter femoral head, and hip resurfacing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to determine whether antidonor antibodies directed against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) or endothelial cells (ECs) expressed antigens, including major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related antigens A ( @entity2 ) are associated with the diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplant recipients. METHODS: We studied posttransplant antidonor HLA antibodies in 168 heart allograft recipients transplanted from October 2001 to December 2005. Among them, there were 37 AMR+ @entity0 and 131 age- and sex- matched AMR- controls. Sera were collected at the time of protocol biopsies and tested for the presence of HLA antibodies. Seventy-two of the 168 @entity0 were genotyped for donor and recipient @entity2 alleles and were tested for the presence of anti- @entity2 antibodies. Thirty-one @entity0 who never developed antibodies to HLA or @entity2 were further tested for anti-EC antibodies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of 37 AMR+ @entity0 , 22 (60%) developed donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to HLA compared with 6 of 131(4%) AMR- @entity0 (P<0.0001). Of the remaining 15 AMR+ @entity0 , 5 had anti-HLA antibodies that were not donor specific and 10 did not show any HLA antibodies. In the subgroup of 72 @entity0 , all 19 AMR+ @entity0 had clearly demonstrable antibodies reactive with donor HLA, @entity2 or with nondonor-derived ECs, with 30% of them showed antibodies directed to non-HLA antigens. The incidence of transplant @entity1 was significantly higher in @entity0 who had DSA to HLA and @entity2 compared with @entity0 without DSA.

title: HLA and XXXX : targets of antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the lack of long-term postoperative follow-up studies of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), there is little information about the long-term effectiveness and complications of the dural defect enlargement in @entity0 with @entity1 . The purpose of this study is to determine the long-term effectiveness of this procedure. METHODS: Sixteen @entity0 with @entity1 were treated surgically by @entity2 . The @entity0 's neurological status and surgical outcome were evaluated by the JOA scores for thoracic @entity1 and the recovery rate (mean follow-up period 9.6  years). Correlations between the surgical outcomes and @entity0 ' age and duration of disease were assessed retrospectively. The @entity0 were also divided into two groups based on the location of the dural defect: the ventro-lateral (VL) group and the ventral (V) group. The difference in the duration of disease, preoperative JOA score, and the recovery rate were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no recurrence of @entity1 after surgery. The mean recovery rate was 42.6%. There was a significant correlation between the @entity0 's age and the recovery rate, and between the duration of disease and the recovery rate. The median recovery rate was significantly lower in the V group than in the VL group. There were no complications related to @entity3 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term surgical outcomes of @entity2 for @entity1 were stable and favorable without recurrences or any complications. This procedure should be considered for @entity0 with @entity1 before their neurological deficit worsens, especially for the @entity0 in whom the dural defect is located at the ventral part of the dural canal.

title: Long-term surgical outcomes of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The etiopathogenesis of many @entity2 remains unclear and a variety of these diseases can coexist, partly mimicking each other while contributing to and distorting symptomatic expressions. To understand the processes involved, it is necessary to unravel signalling pathways, complex interaction networks and metabolic alterations involving a plethora of anatomical components. When addressing such largely obscure mechanisms, primary data mainly based on genomics and differential gene expression patterns turns out to be of limited usefulness. Numerous direct as well as very indirect processes modulate and dissociate gene expression from protein functions and physiological effects. Proteomics approaches that utilise metabolic labelling and high-throughput mass spectrometry to provide proteome dynamics data need to be utilised. However, the data thus gathered encompasses a complex assembly of numerous types of intermixed cells, representing biological processes that occur in both time and space across several scalar levels. The complexities represented are such that to analytically approach these diseases, a systems standpoint becomes necessary. This implies multiple experimental interrogations in an iterative interplay between experimentation and modelling. While this may be reasonably considered in the context of in vitro systems, it can hardly be contemplated when addressing CNS tissues from heterogeneous @entity0 origins, thereby imposing serious constraints upon the investigation of @entity0 @entity1 . In this article, the authors expose a paradigm that addresses and alleviates at least some of these major difficulties. Based on the reasoned utilisation of trait animal models and @entity0 material, this approach has already started to deliver novel and directly exploitable knowledge.

title: Proteome-based pathway modelling of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intra-arterial thrombolysis can be used for treatment of basilar @entity2 . Predictors of outcome before initiation of treatment are of special interest. METHODS: From 1992 to 2010, we treated 106 consecutive @entity0 with basilar @entity2 with intra-arterial thrombolysis. Baseline characteristics, treatment, clinical course, and 3-month and long-term outcomes (>= 12 months) were assessed. Outcome parameters were vessel recanalization after treatment, complications, modified @entity4 (mRS) score, and mortality after 3 months and in the long-term. RESULTS: At 3 months, clinical outcome was good (mRS score, 0-2) in 33.0% of the @entity0 and moderate (mRS score, 3) in 11.3%. Mortality was 40.6%. Partial or complete recanalization was achieved in 69.8% of the @entity0 , and symptomatic @entity3 occurred in 1 @entity0 (0.9%). Between 3-month and long-term follow-up, 22 survivors (40.8%) showed clinical improvement of at least 1 point on the mRS score, 29 (53.7%) were functionally unchanged, and 3 (5.7%) showed functional worsening (P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified @entity1 as a predictor of poor vessel recanalization (P=0.028). Low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was identified as a predictor of good or moderate clinical outcome (P<0.0001) and survival (P=0.001) at 3 months, and younger age was identified as an additional predictor of survival (P=0.012). For prediction of long-term clinical outcome, age was also an independent predictor (P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, intra-arterial thrombolysis as treatment of basilar @entity2 was safe. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission and age were identified as predictors of outcome, and these predictors should be considered for treatment allocation in future randomized trials.

title: Three-month and long-term outcomes and their predictors in XXXX treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between the lumbosacral morphology and degree of @entity7 in a large sample of young @entity0 . In addition, the relation between various morphological parameters (sacral table angle and @entity4 ) and lumbar disc herniation or degeneration was also evaluated. METHODS: The @entity8 ( @entity8 ) of low back @entity2 @entity0 referred to our department in 2008-2009 were retrospectively evaluated. @entity0 with prior lumbar spinal surgery, serious @entity1 on @entity8 , @entity9 , severe @entity6 , spondylolysis, or spondylolisthesis were excluded from the study. A sample of 131 females between 20-30 years of age was studied. @entity0 were evaluated for the presence of @entity7 , and the degree of degeneration was assessed. Angles of @entity5 , sacral table, and @entity4 were also measured for each @entity0 . RESULTS: The degree of @entity7 increased in parallel to the decrease in the @entity4 and @entity5 angles, and to the increase in sacral table angle. A statistically significant difference with regard to the angles of @entity5 , @entity4 , and sacral table was determined between individuals with (23.37  7.09  , 163.09  9.48  , 104.34  5.47  , respectively) and without @entity7 (26.94  7.39  , 168.94  10.52  , 100.83  4.32  ; p=0.006, p=0.001, p=0.0001, respectively). In addition, a statistically significant difference with regard to the angles of @entity5 , @entity4 , and sacral table was determined between individuals with (22.82  6.94  , 162.23  9.53  , 104.94  5.19  , respectively) and without @entity3 (27.25  7.26  , 169.39  9.96  , 100.48  4.33  ; p=0.001, p=0.0001, p=0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The degree and risk of @entity7 increases in parallel to the @entity4 and @entity5 , and to the increase in sacral surface angle.

title: The relation between sagittal morphology of the lumbosacral spine and the degree of lumbar XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The wrapped warm footbath (WW-footbath) was originally designed as a means to promote relaxation, positive emotion, comfort, pleasure, and enjoyment in hospitalized @entity0 with incurable @entity1 during palliative care. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the physiological and psychological effects of the WW-footbath as complementary nursing intervention to induce relaxation in hospitalized @entity0 with incurable @entity1 . METHODS: Eighteen subjects were divided into a footbath group (n=9) and a control group (n=9). Heart rate variability analysis (per second) with wavelet transformation was used for evaluation of autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic activities. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A and salivary @entity3 levels were used as neuroimmunological parameters. @entity2 and psychological conditions were measured using a visual analog scale and Face Scale (FS). RESULTS: The high-frequency component of heart rate variability was not significantly increased in either group. However, the low-frequency component versus high-frequency ratio was significantly decreased in the footbath group at periods after footbath (P=.017, P=.000, P=.000, P=.003). In the footbath group, the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A level was significantly increased (P=.019), and the @entity3 level tended to be reduced. Changes in visual analog scale and FS scores showed that the footbath group experienced significant @entity2 relief and relaxation ( @entity2 , P=.047; relaxation, P=.042; comfortability, P=.008; FS, P=.013). CONCLUSIONS: The WW-footbath significantly decreased sympathetic activity in hospitalized @entity0 with incurable @entity1 and may have secondary benefit for @entity2 relief. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The WW-footbath can promote relaxation in hospitalized @entity0 with incurable @entity1 . Moreover, the WW-footbath appears to afford @entity2 relief associated with enhanced overall comfort.

title: Physiological and psychological evaluation of the wrapped warm footbath as a complementary nursing therapy to induce relaxation in hospitalized @entity0 with incurable XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The wrapped warm footbath (WW-footbath) was originally designed as a means to promote relaxation, positive emotion, comfort, pleasure, and enjoyment in hospitalized @entity0 with incurable @entity1 during palliative care. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the physiological and psychological effects of the WW-footbath as complementary nursing intervention to induce relaxation in hospitalized @entity0 with incurable @entity1 . METHODS: Eighteen subjects were divided into a footbath group (n=9) and a control group (n=9). Heart rate variability analysis (per second) with wavelet transformation was used for evaluation of autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic activities. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A and salivary @entity3 levels were used as neuroimmunological parameters. @entity2 and psychological conditions were measured using a visual analog scale and Face Scale (FS). RESULTS: The high-frequency component of heart rate variability was not significantly increased in either group. However, the low-frequency component versus high-frequency ratio was significantly decreased in the footbath group at periods after footbath (P=.017, P=.000, P=.000, P=.003). In the footbath group, the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A level was significantly increased (P=.019), and the @entity3 level tended to be reduced. Changes in visual analog scale and FS scores showed that the footbath group experienced significant @entity2 relief and relaxation ( @entity2 , P=.047; relaxation, P=.042; comfortability, P=.008; FS, P=.013). CONCLUSIONS: The WW-footbath significantly decreased sympathetic activity in hospitalized @entity0 with incurable @entity1 and may have secondary benefit for @entity2 relief. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The WW-footbath can promote relaxation in hospitalized @entity0 with incurable @entity1 . Moreover, the WW-footbath appears to afford @entity2 relief associated with enhanced overall comfort.

title: Physiological and psychological evaluation of the wrapped warm footbath as a complementary nursing therapy to induce relaxation in hospitalized XXXX with incurable @entity1 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Marginalized @entity0 are often absent from population surveys of substance use and from research based on care data. Special methods are needed to reach these small but very significant groups. This study analyses how patterns of intoxicant use have changed over time among one of the most marginalized group of @entity0 , the prisoners. METHODS: Nationally representative samples of Finnish prisoners were examined: 903 prisoners in 1985, 325 prisoners in 1992, and 410 prisoners in 2006. Comprehensive field studies consisting of interviews and a clinical medical examination were used. RESULTS: In 1985, a diagnosis for @entity3 was given to 41% of the @entity0 and 36% of the @entity0 prisoners. An increase over time was observed, and in 2006, 52% of @entity0 and 51% of @entity0 prisoners were @entity1 dependent. @entity2 on a drug was diagnosed in 6% of @entity0 and 3% of @entity0 in 1985; this prevalence had increased to 58% of @entity0 and 60% of @entity0 in 2006. CONCLUSIONS: A dramatic change in prevalence of illegal drug use and @entity2 among prisoners has taken place in the past 20  years. Recognizing this shift from @entity1 to other intoxicants is important since drugs are illegal substances and thus tend to lead to involvement with the judicial sector, thus stigmatizing and deepening the spiral of marginalization.

title: The changing picture of XXXX problems among Finnish prisoners.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Seventeen @entity0 with choreiform, athetoid, or @entity5 , or with spasmodic torticollis, were treated with @entity3 in doses of 25 to 200 mg daily for periods varying from two weeks to more than six months. Randomized @entity8   film of the @entity0 ' @entity5 , taken before, during, and after treatment was assessed individually by seven  blind' observers. Eight @entity0 were judged improved; two had @entity4 , two @entity9 , two @entity10 , one hemiballismus, and one spasmodic torticollis. Four of the eight improved @entity0 have continued taking the drug for longer than six months. In a second study seven @entity0 with @entity4 were treated for two weeks each with @entity3 (50 mg t.d.s.) and with @entity7 (100 mg t.d.s.) and the results assessed by the same method. The @entity6 of six of these @entity0 were strikingly improved with @entity3 therapy, but @entity7 had no effect. @entity3 is an effective agent for the suppression of choreiform and @entity5 . It is only slightly effective in the treatment of @entity9 and spasmodic torticollis. Drowsiness, @entity1 , and @entity2 were the most conspicuous unwanted effects, and these may limit the clinical usefulness of the drug.

title: Treatment of @entity5 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Seventeen @entity0 with choreiform, athetoid, or @entity5 , or with spasmodic torticollis, were treated with @entity3 in doses of 25 to 200 mg daily for periods varying from two weeks to more than six months. Randomized @entity8   film of the @entity0 ' @entity5 , taken before, during, and after treatment was assessed individually by seven  blind' observers. Eight @entity0 were judged improved; two had @entity4 , two @entity9 , two @entity10 , one hemiballismus, and one spasmodic torticollis. Four of the eight improved @entity0 have continued taking the drug for longer than six months. In a second study seven @entity0 with @entity4 were treated for two weeks each with @entity3 (50 mg t.d.s.) and with @entity7 (100 mg t.d.s.) and the results assessed by the same method. The @entity6 of six of these @entity0 were strikingly improved with @entity3 therapy, but @entity7 had no effect. @entity3 is an effective agent for the suppression of choreiform and @entity5 . It is only slightly effective in the treatment of @entity9 and spasmodic torticollis. Drowsiness, @entity1 , and @entity2 were the most conspicuous unwanted effects, and these may limit the clinical usefulness of the drug.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) at our teaching hospital to describe the @entity0 and angiographic characteristics. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all coronary angiograms performed at the catheterization laboratory of Karachi Institute of @entity3 , a tertiary care center, between the period of August 2006 and August 2008. A one year follow up was performed to look for primary and secondary endpoints. Data were collected from catheterization films, and medical records. RESULTS: Five thousand coronary angiograms were performed during the periof of the study. A total of 140 (2.8%) angiograms showed @entity4 of both mixed and pure types. Pure @entity9 with no @entity4 was seen in 75 (1.5%). The @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was the most commonly affected vessel (63%) followed by the right coronary artery (RCA) 25% and 10% @entity0 had circumflex artery involvement. The primary composite endpoint showed 6 (4.2%) @entity0 with non-ST elevation MI, 5 (3.6%) with ST elevation @entity6 , 70 (50%) with @entity8 and 2 (1.4%) deaths due to @entity1 . Secondary endpoints showed 50% of the @entity0 still complaining of @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Prevalence of @entity4 in the population presenting to KIHD during the study period was 1.5%. Majority of @entity0 were males, associated with dyslipidaemia, @entity2 and smoking. @entity5 was associated with obstructive @entity5 in about 80% of cases. @entity10 was the most commonly affected vessel.

title: The prevalence and clinical profile of angiographic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: It has been shown that fulminant acute rejection of @entity0 cardiac allografts across a full haplotype disparity may occur as a direct result of adoptive transfer of sensitized @entity4 helper/DTH syngeneic spleen cells to sublethally irradiated recipients. In order to establish the immunohistologic parameters of this form of rejection, allografts and recipient lymphoid tissue were analyzed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies of known cellular distribution. These data were compared with those obtained following reconstitution of irradiated allograft recipients with unseparated sensitized spleen cells, with unreconstituted irradiated donor recipient pairs, with unmodified first-set rejection, and with induced @entity2 of syngeneic heart grafts transplanted to normal and to sublethally irradiated recipients. Rejecting cardiac allografts transplanted to all reconstituted irradiated recipients were characterized by extensive infiltration with MRC OX8+ (T cytotoxic-suppressor, natural killer) cells even when this subset was virtually excluded from the reconstituting inocula. A similar proportional accumulation of MRC OX8+ cells observed at the @entity3 margins of syngeneic heart grafts transplanted to irradiated unreconstituted recipients greatly exceeded that present in normal nonirradiated controls. These data provide evidence that under conditions of heavy recipient irradiation, MRC OX8+ cells may be sequestered within heart grafts in response to nonspecific injury unrelated to the rejection process. Although there was no significant degree of MRC OX8+ cellular repopulation within organized secondary lymphoid tissues of irradiated animals over the study period, the density of ileal mucosal MRC OX8+ lymphocytes approximated normal at 7 days post-irradiation, raising the possibility that these cells could share a common origin with those sequestered within the heart grafts. @entity1 + MRC OX6+ macrophages were a significant component of the infiltrate in all rejecting cardiac allografts, as well as in all infarcted syngeneic heart grafts--providing further evidence that macrophage "activation" with expression of class II determinants may occur in response to nonspecific injury. In unmodified first-set rejection there was an intense B cell reaction in recipient spleens and lymph nodes. In the adoptive transfer model, marked B cell expansion was exclusively confined to the parathymic lymph nodes of irradiated allograft recipients reconstituted with the sensitized @entity4 helper/DTH donor cell inocula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Comparative immunohistologic studies in an adoptive transfer model of acute XXXX cardiac allograft rejection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a retrospective study, @entity0 with 125 ocular arterial occlusions (71 @entity0 , 54 @entity0 ) observed between 1978 and 1981 were analyzed with regard to etiology, therapy, and course of disease. Particular attention was given to information obtained by means of Doppler sonography. Among our @entity0 the most common condition was occlusion of either the central retinal artery or its branches (62 cases), as opposed to 30 @entity0 with @entity7 , 6 with chronic @entity2 (or @entity2 ), and 4 with less common types of occlusion. In the @entity0 collective as a whole, the causes in those over 50 years of age are predominantly hypertony, @entity9 , and emboli, as well as other causes which cannot be determined with certainty. If occlusions of the central artery and its branches and @entity8 fugax are considered alone, emboli are by far the most common cause. According to the findings with Doppler sonography, the most frequent source of emboli appears to be the bifurcation of the carotid artery. A chronic @entity2 (also known as @entity2 ) is always indicative of obstruction of the carotid artery. The situation is completely different in @entity7 , which is, as a rule, either secondary to an affection of the smaller vessels, hypertonically @entity6 , or caused by @entity1 , as is the case in temporal arteriitis. Doppler sonography is of paramount importance as a simple, non-invasive method for determining the pathogenesis of ocular @entity4 . It also provides pointers to further clarifications which could lead to bypass surgery being indicated. In those @entity0 in whom such examinations were possible, the findings were pathologic in all cases of chronic @entity2 (6 out of 6), in 84% of the cases of @entity8 fugax, in 62.5% of the cases of occlusion of the central artery or its branches, but only in 23% of the cases of @entity7 , which further distinguishes this later condition from the other forms of occlusion. Frequently suggested therapies, for example RheomacrodexR, failed to produce any convincing results in our @entity0 collective - not only those with central @entity5 but also those with @entity7 . In a statistical comparison, no significant difference could be demonstrated between our treatment of @entity7 without corticosteroids (as long as arteriitis temporalis was not involved) and that of Hayreh, who administered corticosteroid treatment not only for @entity7 but also for @entity6 conditions of the optic disk induced by @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX . Diagnostic contribution of Doppler sonography].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The usual treatment for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a @entity4 -restricted diet. Following this diet is challenging, and long-term adherence (and hence metabolic control) is commonly poor. @entity0 with @entity3 (usually, but not exclusively, with a relatively mild @entity2 ) who are responsive to treatment with pharmacological doses of @entity6 (BH4) have either lower concentrations of blood @entity4 or improved dietary @entity4 tolerance. The availability of a registered formulation of @entity7 ( @entity6 , @entity6  ) has raised many practical issues and new questions in the dietary management of these @entity0 . Initially, @entity0 and carers must understand clearly the likely benefits (and limitations) of @entity6 therapy. A minority of @entity0 who respond to @entity6 are able to discontinue the @entity4 -restricted diet completely, while others are able to relax the diet to some extent. Care is required when altering the @entity4 -restricted diet, as this may have unintended nutritional consequences and must be undertaken with caution. New clinical protocols are required for managing any dietary change while maintaining control of blood @entity4 , ensuring adequate nutrition and preventing @entity5 , overweight or @entity1 . An accurate initial evaluation of pre- @entity6 @entity4 tolerance is essential, and the desired outcome from treatment with @entity6 (e.g. reduction in blood @entity4 or relaxation in diet) must also be understood by the @entity0 and carers from the outset. Continuing education and support will be required thereafter, with further adjustment of diet and @entity6 dosage as a young @entity0 grows.

title: Adjusting diet with XXXX in @entity3 : what factors should be considered?

answer: @entity6


abstract: The usual treatment for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a @entity4 -restricted diet. Following this diet is challenging, and long-term adherence (and hence metabolic control) is commonly poor. @entity0 with @entity3 (usually, but not exclusively, with a relatively mild @entity2 ) who are responsive to treatment with pharmacological doses of @entity6 (BH4) have either lower concentrations of blood @entity4 or improved dietary @entity4 tolerance. The availability of a registered formulation of @entity7 ( @entity6 , @entity6  ) has raised many practical issues and new questions in the dietary management of these @entity0 . Initially, @entity0 and carers must understand clearly the likely benefits (and limitations) of @entity6 therapy. A minority of @entity0 who respond to @entity6 are able to discontinue the @entity4 -restricted diet completely, while others are able to relax the diet to some extent. Care is required when altering the @entity4 -restricted diet, as this may have unintended nutritional consequences and must be undertaken with caution. New clinical protocols are required for managing any dietary change while maintaining control of blood @entity4 , ensuring adequate nutrition and preventing @entity5 , overweight or @entity1 . An accurate initial evaluation of pre- @entity6 @entity4 tolerance is essential, and the desired outcome from treatment with @entity6 (e.g. reduction in blood @entity4 or relaxation in diet) must also be understood by the @entity0 and carers from the outset. Continuing education and support will be required thereafter, with further adjustment of diet and @entity6 dosage as a young @entity0 grows.

title: Adjusting diet with @entity6 in XXXX : what factors should be considered?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity9 in @entity0 with essential @entity1 has provided very interesting results. The administration of the drug caused an immediate significant @entity2 which was then maintained for as long as 30 months. The fall in blood pressure was initially associated with a significant decrease in body weight, a clear rise in plasma @entity3 activity (PRA) and a significant increase in plasma @entity4 concentration; all these changes are consistent with a depletion of extracellular volume and blood volume. With time, however, the mentioned changes were reversed. Body weight, PRA and plasma @entity4 were normalized after three weeks of treatment and remained normal thereafter. This late observation suggests a normalization in extracellular fluid volume and blood volume, and an antihypertensive effect of the drug independent from volume depletion. How can this effect occur? One possible explanation is a direct vasodilatory effect of @entity9 which has been shown in experimental animals. Against such a possibility is the unsuccessful treatment of @entity1 in oliguric @entity0 on regular dialysis treatment. A second possibility is a decrease in @entity5 content of the arteriolar wall with the consequent decrease in vascular response to pressor agents ( @entity7 , @entity8 ). A third possibility is a hemodynamic adjustment to the @entity6 which would normalize cardiac output and peripheral resistances (autoregulation) so that normal blood pressure is maintained as in normal subjects.

title: Is the antihypertensive effect of XXXX due to volume depletion?

answer: @entity9


abstract: The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of rituximab plus @entity2 (R- @entity2 combined regimen) in @entity0 with previously untreated @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Electronic database were searched for randomized-controlled studies only comparing R- @entity2 to @entity2 standard alone in @entity0 with untreated @entity1 were included. The risk ratios (RRs) with their 95% corresponding intervals (95% CI) were employed to estimate the efficacy of overall response (OR), complete response (CR), risk of dying and relapse rate in followed-up period. Total ten case-control studies containing 2941 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. The addition of R to standard @entity2 were showed to increase the proportion of CR (RR=1.23, 95% CI=1.13-1.35, P<0.00001) and OR (RR=1.39, 95% CI=1.24-1.55, P<0.00001) in a fixed-effect model, indicating that rituximab combined with @entity2 regimen is efficacy than @entity2 alone. It did not increase the overall risk of dying as a consequence of infection (RR=0.79, 95% CI=0.55-1.13, P=0.20). Furthermore, the relapse rates is significantly lower in R- @entity2 (RR=0.52, 95% CI=0.38-0.71, P<0.0001). The adverse effects were also not significant (P>0.05). In summary, R- @entity2 regimen is superior to standard @entity2 in terms of overall response and complete response. It does not increase the incidence of adverse effects. However, more studies concerning different age groups and special @entity0 are needed to discuss the potential role of R in @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of diffuse large XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the perioperative morbidity and mortality outcomes of robotic-assisted thoracic surgery ( @entity2 ) with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for @entity0 with @entity1 . We searched articles indexed in the Pubmed and Sciencedirect published as of July 2015 that met our predefined criteria. A meta-analysis was performed by combining the results of reported incidences of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The relative risk (RR) was used as a summary statistic. Five eligible articles with 2433 subjects were considered in the analysis (5 articles for morbidity, while 3 articles for mortality). Overall, pooled analysis indicated that perioperative morbidity and mortality rate was significantly lower among @entity0 who underwent @entity2 than @entity0 who underwent @entity3 (for morbidity: RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.92; P<0.01; for mortality: RR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.59; P=0.007). No evidence of publication bias was observed. In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that @entity2 resulted in significantly lower perioperative morbidity and mortality rate compared with @entity3 cases. Thus, we suggest @entity2 be an appropriate alternative to @entity3 for @entity1 resection. @entity2 should be studied further in selected centers and compared with @entity3 in a randomized fashion to better define its potential advantages and disadvantages.

title: Robot-assisted thoracic surgery versus open XXXX : a system review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Different perfusion metrics were investigated to determine the accuracy of Perfusion CT (PCT) in differentiating recurrence of brain metastases from @entity2 in @entity0 who previously underwent stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 previously treated with SRT underwent PCT examination of the brain. Normalized Cerebral Blood Volume (nCBV) values within the region of interest (ROI) were calculated. Fractional volumes at nCBV values between 1.0 and 2.25, defined as V(1.0)-V(2.25), were derived as alternative metrics and compared to the conventional method based on the mean CBV value within the lesion (nCBV(mean)). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two @entity0 's groups with recurrence and @entity2 with respect to the different nCBV metrics. Predictive powers and optimal thresholds for both the nCBV(mean) and the V(1.0)-V(2.25) were evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves. The gold standard was represented either by the histopathological examination or the Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging follow-up longer than six months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The differences between the @entity0 's group with recurrence and that with @entity2 resulted statistically significant for all the metrics, showing the lowest p-value for V(1.75) and V(2). The metrics based on the fractional volumes were found to show higher predictive powers, with the highest value of 0.96 for V(2.0). Quantitative analysis of the CBV map deriving different metrics may potentially improve the diagnostic accuracy of PCT in differentiating brain @entity1 recurrence from @entity2 .

title: Perfusion Computed Tomography (PCT) adopting different perfusion metrics: recurrence of brain XXXX or @entity2 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Different perfusion metrics were investigated to determine the accuracy of Perfusion CT (PCT) in differentiating recurrence of brain metastases from @entity2 in @entity0 who previously underwent stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 previously treated with SRT underwent PCT examination of the brain. Normalized Cerebral Blood Volume (nCBV) values within the region of interest (ROI) were calculated. Fractional volumes at nCBV values between 1.0 and 2.25, defined as V(1.0)-V(2.25), were derived as alternative metrics and compared to the conventional method based on the mean CBV value within the lesion (nCBV(mean)). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two @entity0 's groups with recurrence and @entity2 with respect to the different nCBV metrics. Predictive powers and optimal thresholds for both the nCBV(mean) and the V(1.0)-V(2.25) were evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves. The gold standard was represented either by the histopathological examination or the Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging follow-up longer than six months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The differences between the @entity0 's group with recurrence and that with @entity2 resulted statistically significant for all the metrics, showing the lowest p-value for V(1.75) and V(2). The metrics based on the fractional volumes were found to show higher predictive powers, with the highest value of 0.96 for V(2.0). Quantitative analysis of the CBV map deriving different metrics may potentially improve the diagnostic accuracy of PCT in differentiating brain @entity1 recurrence from @entity2 .

title: Perfusion Computed Tomography (PCT) adopting different perfusion metrics: recurrence of brain @entity1 or XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate and describe basic features of Pan_02 @entity2 pancreatic ade- nocarcinoma @entity1 model. Pan_02 has very low sensitivity to chemotherapeutics therefore it is very similar to @entity0 @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2 were subcutaneously injected with different number of cells and @entity1 growth was measured. @entity1 were also investigated with ultrasonograph VEVO2100 in doppler mode to detect viable and function- al blood vessels. @entity1 samples were investigated to asses @entity3 and blood vessel permeability. RESULTS: We found substantial differences in @entity1 growth depending on a number of inoculated @entity1 cells. @entity2 injected with 0.5 * 106 cells gave the most consistent pattern of growth. All @entity1 showed substantial vascularisation but bigger @entity1 were more likely to develop larger blood vessels instead of a more dense network. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 Pan_02 @entity1 model shares many features with @entity0 @entity1 and therefore it is a good model to study new drugs. Injection of 0.5 * 106 cells gives consistent results although it requires more time for the @entity1 to grow. It also allows the immune system to adapt. Owing ta good vascularisation, Pan_02 is a good model to study chemotherapy against @entity4 but it may not be the best model for immunotherapy since it does not respond to the immune stimulation (unpublished data).

title: Pan_02 @entity2 XXXX model.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate and describe basic features of Pan_02 @entity2 pancreatic ade- nocarcinoma @entity1 model. Pan_02 has very low sensitivity to chemotherapeutics therefore it is very similar to @entity0 @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2 were subcutaneously injected with different number of cells and @entity1 growth was measured. @entity1 were also investigated with ultrasonograph VEVO2100 in doppler mode to detect viable and function- al blood vessels. @entity1 samples were investigated to asses @entity3 and blood vessel permeability. RESULTS: We found substantial differences in @entity1 growth depending on a number of inoculated @entity1 cells. @entity2 injected with 0.5 * 106 cells gave the most consistent pattern of growth. All @entity1 showed substantial vascularisation but bigger @entity1 were more likely to develop larger blood vessels instead of a more dense network. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 Pan_02 @entity1 model shares many features with @entity0 @entity1 and therefore it is a good model to study new drugs. Injection of 0.5 * 106 cells gives consistent results although it requires more time for the @entity1 to grow. It also allows the immune system to adapt. Owing ta good vascularisation, Pan_02 is a good model to study chemotherapy against @entity4 but it may not be the best model for immunotherapy since it does not respond to the immune stimulation (unpublished data).

title: Pan_02 XXXX @entity4 model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possibility of determining the genetic profile of primary @entity2 of the breast from specimens obtained by ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsies during the diagnostic imaging workup. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study in 13 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with invasive @entity0 by B-mode ultrasound-guided 12 G core needle biopsy. After clinical indication, the pathologist decided whether the paraffin block specimens seemed suitable (on the basis of @entity2 size, validity of the sample, and percentage of @entity2 cells) before sending them for genetic analysis with the MammaPrint   platform. RESULTS: The size of the @entity2 on ultrasound ranged from 0.6cm to 5cm. In 11 @entity1 the preserved specimen was considered valid and suitable for use in determining the genetic profile. In 1 @entity1 (with a 1cm @entity2 ) the pathologist decided that it was necessary to repeat the core biopsy to obtain additional samples. In 1 @entity1 (with a 5cm @entity2 ) the specimen was not considered valid by the genetic laboratory. The percentage of @entity2 cells in the samples ranged from 60% to 70%. In 11/13 cases (84.62%) it was possible to do the genetic analysis on the previously diagnosed samples. CONCLUSION: In most cases, regardless of @entity2 size, it is possible to obtain the genetic profile from tissue specimens obtained with ultrasound-guided 12 G core biopsy preserved in paraffin blocks.

title: XXXX : determining the genetic profile from ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy specimens obtained during the diagnostic workups.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 prognosis has been shown to directly correlate with the severity of @entity2 diagnosed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Although the presence of coronary artery @entity3 has been associated with increased incidence of @entity1 , there are no data on the incidence of @entity1 based upon the severity of @entity2 by CCTA. Therefore, we sought to investigate the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events, including @entity1 , based upon the severity of @entity2 by CCTA over a 6-year period in a high-volume single military center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all CCTA studies to evaluate the incidence of all-cause mortality, non-fatal @entity4 , @entity1 , and late revascularization (>90 days following CCTA) from January 2005 until July 2012. We reviewed 1518 CCTA reports, dividing @entity0 into groups with obstructive (>= 50% stenosis), non-obstructive (<50% stenosis), and no @entity2 (no angiographic disease). Subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events data (incidence of all-cause mortality, @entity1 , non-fatal @entity4 , and late revascularization) were obtained. RESULTS: Over a review period of 6 years with a resultant median follow-up period of 22 months (interquartile range = 13-34 months), the major adverse cardiovascular events rate was significantly higher with obstructive @entity2 compared to both @entity2 and no @entity2 (8.9% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001; 8.9% vs 1.6%, p < 0.001). The incidence of @entity1 alone was also significantly higher in those with obstructive @entity2 compared to those with no @entity2 (3.8% vs 0.4%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Being free of disease on CCTA was associated with excellent cardiovascular prognosis. Obstructive @entity2 was associated with a significantly increased incidence of @entity1 . There was also a direct correlation between the severity of @entity2 on CCTA and cardiovascular prognosis over the follow-up period of 24 months.

title: Assessment of major adverse cardiovascular events and XXXX with coronary computed tomography angiography based upon angiographic diagnosis in a high-volume single center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Approximately three-quarters of @entity0 with severe mental illnesses smoke cigarettes, and the rate is even higher among those with co-occurring @entity2 . This longitudinal study explored patterns of cigarette use and cessation attempts among mental health clients with co-occurring disorders. METHODS: Clients participating in a longitudinal study of co-occurring disorders (N=174) were assessed yearly over 11 years for smoking and smoking cessation behaviors, @entity1 symptoms, and other substance use, as well as social, occupational, and other characteristics. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine smoking cessation outcomes. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of @entity0 were current smokers at baseline. Seventy-five percent of @entity0 tried to quit at least once over the 11 years of the study, although none received @entity5 replacement therapy or @entity3 . Only 17% were not smoking at the 11-year follow-up. The presence of a chronic general medical condition predicted a longer duration of not smoking in the past year. Being male and having a high school education or higher were associated with more attempts to quit smoking, as were higher scores on the activation subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, more social contact with non-substance-using friends, and more daily activities. CONCLUSIONS: Although many clients with co-occurring serious @entity4 and @entity2 tried to quit each year, few achieved sustained abstinence and none used evidence-based interventions ( @entity5 replacement therapy or @entity3 ). Treatment providers need to administer evidence-based interventions to help @entity0 quit successfully.

title: Course of smoking and quit attempts among clients with co-occurring severe XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Approximately three-quarters of @entity0 with severe mental illnesses smoke cigarettes, and the rate is even higher among those with co-occurring @entity2 . This longitudinal study explored patterns of cigarette use and cessation attempts among mental health clients with co-occurring disorders. METHODS: Clients participating in a longitudinal study of co-occurring disorders (N=174) were assessed yearly over 11 years for smoking and smoking cessation behaviors, @entity1 symptoms, and other substance use, as well as social, occupational, and other characteristics. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine smoking cessation outcomes. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of @entity0 were current smokers at baseline. Seventy-five percent of @entity0 tried to quit at least once over the 11 years of the study, although none received @entity5 replacement therapy or @entity3 . Only 17% were not smoking at the 11-year follow-up. The presence of a chronic general medical condition predicted a longer duration of not smoking in the past year. Being male and having a high school education or higher were associated with more attempts to quit smoking, as were higher scores on the activation subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, more social contact with non-substance-using friends, and more daily activities. CONCLUSIONS: Although many clients with co-occurring serious @entity4 and @entity2 tried to quit each year, few achieved sustained abstinence and none used evidence-based interventions ( @entity5 replacement therapy or @entity3 ). Treatment providers need to administer evidence-based interventions to help @entity0 quit successfully.

title: Course of smoking and quit attempts among clients with co-occurring severe @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Background. The electronic medical records provide new and unprecedented opportunities for large population-based and clinical studies if valid and reliable diagnoses can be obtained, to determine what information is needed to distinguish idiopathic @entity3 from @entity2 in electronic medical records. Methods. Chart review of complete medical records of 2,446 @entity0 with a hospital discharge diagnosis of @entity3 , who, between 1996 and 2009, were registered in the Danish National Hospital Register as idiopathic @entity3 . All @entity0 were examined in neurology departments. Clinical features were abstracted from charts to determine @entity1 phenotypes and disease course, using predefined criteria for idiopathic @entity3 . Results. Chart review verified that 2,068 (84.5%) @entity0 met criteria for idiopathic @entity3 . The most distinguishing features of idiopathic @entity3 @entity0 were asymmetric onset, and fewer atypical features at onset or follow-up compared to @entity2 , and the area under the curve (AUC) for these items alone is moderate (0.74-0.77) and the highest AUC (0.91) was achieved when using all clinical features recorded in addition to @entity3 medication use and a follow-up of 5 years or more. Conclusion. To reduce disease misclassification, information extracted from medical record review with at least 5 years of follow-up after first diagnosis was key to improve diagnostic accuracy.

title: Medical Record Review to Differentiate between @entity1 and XXXX : A Danish Record Linkage Study with 10 Years of Follow-Up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Background. The electronic medical records provide new and unprecedented opportunities for large population-based and clinical studies if valid and reliable diagnoses can be obtained, to determine what information is needed to distinguish idiopathic @entity3 from @entity2 in electronic medical records. Methods. Chart review of complete medical records of 2,446 @entity0 with a hospital discharge diagnosis of @entity3 , who, between 1996 and 2009, were registered in the Danish National Hospital Register as idiopathic @entity3 . All @entity0 were examined in neurology departments. Clinical features were abstracted from charts to determine @entity1 phenotypes and disease course, using predefined criteria for idiopathic @entity3 . Results. Chart review verified that 2,068 (84.5%) @entity0 met criteria for idiopathic @entity3 . The most distinguishing features of idiopathic @entity3 @entity0 were asymmetric onset, and fewer atypical features at onset or follow-up compared to @entity2 , and the area under the curve (AUC) for these items alone is moderate (0.74-0.77) and the highest AUC (0.91) was achieved when using all clinical features recorded in addition to @entity3 medication use and a follow-up of 5 years or more. Conclusion. To reduce disease misclassification, information extracted from medical record review with at least 5 years of follow-up after first diagnosis was key to improve diagnostic accuracy.

title: Medical Record Review to Differentiate between XXXX and @entity2 : A Danish Record Linkage Study with 10 Years of Follow-Up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a @entity1 involving the tunica albuginea surrounding the corpora cavernosa of the penis. A conservative treatment is indicated in the first stage of disease. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic impact and possible side effects of treatment with @entity5 ( @entity8 ) in combination with other antioxidants in 307 @entity0 with early-stage @entity4 . @entity0 were subdivided into three groups: A, B, and C. Both groups, A and B, comprising of 206 @entity0 , underwent treatment, whereas Group C was the control group (n=101). Treatment lasted 6 months and included the following: Group A: @entity8 400 mg twice a day + propolis 600 mg/d + blueberry 160 mg/d + @entity3 600 mg/d + @entity7 4% gel twice/a day + @entity8 100 mg via perilesional penile injection/every other week (12 injections in all); Group B: the same treatment as Group A except for the penile @entity8 injections. After the 6-month treatment course, we obtained the following results: actual mean decrease in plaque volume -46.9% and -24.8% in Group A and B, respectively (P<0.0001); mean curvature reduction -10.1   and -4.8  , respectively (P,0.0001); resolution of @entity2 in 67.6% and 67.2% of cases, respectively (P=0.961); recovery of normal @entity6 in 56.09% and 23.5% of cases, respectively (P=0.005). After 6 months, progression of disease was observed in all @entity0 belonging to Group C: plaque volume +123.3%; curvature +15.7  ; no recovery of @entity6 . The statistically significant results of our study show that multimodal treatment with @entity8 in association with other antioxidants and topical @entity7 is efficacious in treating early-stage @entity4 . Furthermore, treatment proved to be more effective when @entity8 was administered both orally and by penile injection. No serious adverse effects occurred.

title: Efficacy and safety evaluation of XXXX associated with other antioxidants in medical treatment of @entity4 : a case-control study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a @entity1 involving the tunica albuginea surrounding the corpora cavernosa of the penis. A conservative treatment is indicated in the first stage of disease. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic impact and possible side effects of treatment with @entity5 ( @entity8 ) in combination with other antioxidants in 307 @entity0 with early-stage @entity4 . @entity0 were subdivided into three groups: A, B, and C. Both groups, A and B, comprising of 206 @entity0 , underwent treatment, whereas Group C was the control group (n=101). Treatment lasted 6 months and included the following: Group A: @entity8 400 mg twice a day + propolis 600 mg/d + blueberry 160 mg/d + @entity3 600 mg/d + @entity7 4% gel twice/a day + @entity8 100 mg via perilesional penile injection/every other week (12 injections in all); Group B: the same treatment as Group A except for the penile @entity8 injections. After the 6-month treatment course, we obtained the following results: actual mean decrease in plaque volume -46.9% and -24.8% in Group A and B, respectively (P<0.0001); mean curvature reduction -10.1   and -4.8  , respectively (P,0.0001); resolution of @entity2 in 67.6% and 67.2% of cases, respectively (P=0.961); recovery of normal @entity6 in 56.09% and 23.5% of cases, respectively (P=0.005). After 6 months, progression of disease was observed in all @entity0 belonging to Group C: plaque volume +123.3%; curvature +15.7  ; no recovery of @entity6 . The statistically significant results of our study show that multimodal treatment with @entity8 in association with other antioxidants and topical @entity7 is efficacious in treating early-stage @entity4 . Furthermore, treatment proved to be more effective when @entity8 was administered both orally and by penile injection. No serious adverse effects occurred.

title: Efficacy and safety evaluation of @entity5 associated with other antioxidants in medical treatment of XXXX : a case-control study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of a mixture of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and cross-linked dextran Lipen-10   used for penile augmentation under the physical impact generated during sexual intercourse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2010 to October 2011, a total of 20 @entity0 with a mean age of 44 years (interquartile range, 20~70 years) who requested penile augmentation participated in this study. Lipen-10   filler is a mixture of 75% cross-linked dextran, 15% @entity1 , and 10% hypromellose solution. With the @entity0 in the supine position, Lipen-10   was injected into the subcutaneous tissue between the dartos fascia and Buck's fascia of the penis using a fanning technique. Penile length and circumference were measured before the procedure and six, 12, and 18 months after the procedure. Values were compared using the Student's t-test and the paired t-test. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity0 completed this study. The increases in circumference and length observed six months after the procedure were found to have been maintained without change at 12 and 18 months of follow-up. At 12 and 18 months of follow-up, no abnormal findings were observed. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging conducted at 18 months of follow-up showed no trace of the injected filler having migrated to other sites, and the volume was well maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Lipen-10  , a mixture of @entity1 and cross-linked dextran, showed good durability and tolerability over 18 months of follow-up during which the @entity0 were sexually active.

title: Long-Term Safety and Longevity of a Mixture of XXXX and Cross-Linked Dextran (Lipen-10  ) after Penile Augmentation: Extension Study from Six to 18 Months of Follow-Up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Translational control of gene expression is essential for development in organisms that rely on maternal mRNAs. In @entity0 , translation of maternal @entity3 (nos) mRNA must be restricted to the posterior of the early embryo for proper patterning of the anterior-posterior @entity1 . Spatial control of nos translation is coordinated through the localization of a small subset of nos mRNA to the posterior pole late in oogenesis, activation of this localized mRNA, and repression of the remaining unlocalized nos mRNA throughout the bulk cytoplasm. Translational repression is mediated by the interaction of a cis-acting element in the nos 3' untranslated region with two proteins, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), that function in the oocyte and embryo, respectively. The mechanism of @entity4 -dependent repression is unknown. Previous work suggests that @entity2 represses translation initiation but this model is not easily reconciled with evidence for polysome association of repressed nos mRNA. Using an in vitro translation system, we have decoupled translational repression of nos imposed during oogenesis from repression during embryogenesis. Our results suggest that both @entity4 and @entity2 regulate translation initiation, but by different mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that, during late oogenesis, nos translation is also repressed post-initiation and provide evidence that @entity4 mediates this event. This post-initiation block is maintained into embryogenesis during the transition to @entity2 -dependent regulation. We propose that the use of multiple modes of repression ensures inactivation of nos RNA that is translated at earlier stages of oogenesis and maintenance of this inactivate state throughout late oogenesis into embryogenesis.

title: Multiple mechanisms collaborate to repress XXXX translation in the @entity0 ovary and embryo.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Translational control of gene expression is essential for development in organisms that rely on maternal mRNAs. In @entity0 , translation of maternal @entity3 (nos) mRNA must be restricted to the posterior of the early embryo for proper patterning of the anterior-posterior @entity1 . Spatial control of nos translation is coordinated through the localization of a small subset of nos mRNA to the posterior pole late in oogenesis, activation of this localized mRNA, and repression of the remaining unlocalized nos mRNA throughout the bulk cytoplasm. Translational repression is mediated by the interaction of a cis-acting element in the nos 3' untranslated region with two proteins, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), that function in the oocyte and embryo, respectively. The mechanism of @entity4 -dependent repression is unknown. Previous work suggests that @entity2 represses translation initiation but this model is not easily reconciled with evidence for polysome association of repressed nos mRNA. Using an in vitro translation system, we have decoupled translational repression of nos imposed during oogenesis from repression during embryogenesis. Our results suggest that both @entity4 and @entity2 regulate translation initiation, but by different mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that, during late oogenesis, nos translation is also repressed post-initiation and provide evidence that @entity4 mediates this event. This post-initiation block is maintained into embryogenesis during the transition to @entity2 -dependent regulation. We propose that the use of multiple modes of repression ensures inactivation of nos RNA that is translated at earlier stages of oogenesis and maintenance of this inactivate state throughout late oogenesis into embryogenesis.

title: Multiple mechanisms collaborate to repress @entity3 translation in the XXXX ovary and embryo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cause of emergence agitation (EA) in @entity0 is unknown. Rapid emergence from inhaled anesthesia has been implicated because EA is more common with @entity6 than with @entity5 . A dose-dependent effect of @entity6 , which increases @entity2 -like electroencephalogram activity, has also been proposed. METHODS: To determine whether depth of anesthesia as measured by bispectral index (BIS) affects EA, 40 ASA physical status I to II @entity0 aged 2 to 8 years undergoing ophthalmic surgery were enrolled in a blinded randomized controlled trial of low-normal (40-45, deep) versus high-normal (55-60, light) anesthesia. To distinguish transient @entity1 from severe EA, the primary outcome was first-stage postanesthesia care unit (PACU I) peak Pediatric Assessment of Emergence @entity3 (PAED) score, with secondary outcomes of PAED and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scores at emergence, postoperative @entity7 dose, emergence time, and discharge time. Subjects received a standard anesthesia protocol with oral @entity4 followed by mask induction with @entity6 8%, @entity7 1 to 1.5  g/kg IV (then as needed), @entity9 , and endotracheal intubation. Providers titrated expired @entity6 (in @entity8 67%) from 0.5% to 3% to maintain BIS range. PAED, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scores were measured at emergence, at PACU I arrival, and during PACU I stay. RESULTS: There was little difference between the groups in the primary outcome, peak PACU I PAED score (light: 7.7    4.6; deep: 8.6    5.3; mean difference, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.1 to -2.3; effect size, 0.18). Discharge times were similar between groups. Treatment for severe EA was rare. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant effect of BIS-guided deep versus light anesthesia on severe EA.

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Depth of Anesthesia on Emergence Agitation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: LEARNING OBJECTIONS: After reviewing this article, the @entity1 should be able to: 1. Appreciate the diversity of approaches for the correction of breast deformities and mastopexy. 2. Review the salient literature. 3. Understand @entity1 selection criteria and indications. SUMMARY: @entity0 and mastopexy continue to challenge plastic surgeons. Deformities such as @entity3 , tuberous breast, @entity2 , and other congenital conditions are uncommon; therefore, management experience is often limited. Various techniques have been described, with no general consensus regarding optimal management. Mastopexy has become more common and is performed both with and without augmentation mammaplasty. However, a variety of techniques are available, and a thorough understanding of the indications, @entity1 selection criteria, and techniques is important to optimize outcomes. This article will review these and other conditions to provide a better understanding of the current available data and evidence for these operations.

title: XXXX and mastopexy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention used to provide adequate pulmonary ventilation in @entity0 suffering from @entity6 . However, prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with significant @entity5 resulting from both myofiber @entity3 and @entity4 . Although several signaling pathways contribute to @entity5 during mechanical ventilation, it is established that oxidative stress is required for @entity5 to occur. Therefore, identifying the site(s) of mechanical ventilation- induced reactive @entity1 species production in the diaphragm is important. OBJECTIVE: These experiments tested the hypothesis that elevated mitochondrial reactive @entity1 species emission is required for mechanical ventilation-induced oxidative stress, @entity3 , and @entity4 in the diaphragm. DESIGN: Cause and effect was determined by preventing mechanical ventilation-induced mitochondrial reactive @entity1 species emission in the diaphragm of @entity2 using a novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (SS-31). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Compared to mechanically ventilated animals treated with saline, animals treated with SS-31 were protected against mechanical ventilation-induced @entity7 , oxidative stress, and protease activation in the diaphragm. Importantly, treatment of animals with the mitochondrial antioxidant also protected the diaphragm against mechanical ventilation-induced myofiber @entity3 and @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal that prevention of mechanical ventilation-induced increases in diaphragmatic mitochondrial reactive @entity1 species emission protects the diaphragm from mechanical ventilation-induced @entity5 . This important new finding indicates that mitochondria are a primary source of reactive @entity1 species production in the diaphragm during prolonged mechanical ventilation. These results could lead to the development of a therapeutic intervention to impede mechanical ventilation-induced @entity5 .

title: Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants protect against mechanical ventilation-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Background Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is considered the preferred post-remission therapy in @entity0 with @entity1 cytogenetically defined as being at high risk. To substantiate evidence for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in first complete remission in these high-risk @entity0 we performed a landmark analysis within a single prospective multicenter treatment trial. DESIGN AND METHODS: By the time of analysis, 2,347 @entity0 had been accrued into the AMLCG 99 trial between 1999 - 2007. Out of this population, 243 @entity0 under 60 years old fulfilled the criteria for high-risk cytogenetics. Landmark analyses were performed with a control cohort, who remained in first complete remission at least the median time from complete remission to transplantation in the intervention group. RESULTS: After standardized induction therapy, 111 @entity0 under 60 years old achieved complete remission. A matched allogeneic donor was identified for 59 @entity0 (30 sibling donors, 29 unrelated donors). Fifty-five @entity0 received an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant after a median time of 88 days in first complete remission. Of the remaining 56 @entity0 , 21 relapsed within 90 days after achieving first complete remission and for 7 @entity0 with relevant comorbidities no donors search was initiated, leaving 28 @entity0 given conventional post-remission therapy as the control cohort. The median follow-up of surviving @entity0 was 60.4 months. @entity0 with an allogeneic donor had substantially better 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates than the control group (48% versus 18%, P=0.004 and 39% versus 10%, P<0.001, respectively). A survival benefit from transplantation was evident regardless of donor type, age and monosomal karyotype. Conclusions Beyond evidence available for subgroups of high-risk @entity0 , the findings of this study establish in a broader manner that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a preferable consolidation treatment for @entity0 with @entity1 and high-risk cytogenetics. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00266136.

title: Allogeneic transplantation as post-remission therapy for cytogenetically high-risk XXXX : landmark analysis from a single prospective multicenter trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to: (1) investigate the relationship between ethnicity and @entity0 incidence and survival using cancer registry and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) data; and (2) assess the impact of missing data and the recording of multiple ethnicities for some @entity1 . DESIGN: A total of 48,234 @entity0 @entity1 diagnosed between 1997 and 2003 in two English regions were identified. Ethnicity was missing in 16% of cases. Multiple imputation (10 iterations) of missing ethnicity was undertaken using a range of predictor variables. Multiple ethnicities for a single @entity1 were recorded in 4% of cases. Three methods of assigning ethnicity were used: 'most popular' code, 'last recorded' code, and proportions calculated using all recorded episodes for each @entity1 . Age-standardised incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 5-year survival were calculated before and after imputation for the three methods of assigning ethnicity. RESULTS: @entity0 incidence was lower in the South Asian group (IRR=0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-0.69 compared to the White group). In unadjusted analyses, the South Asian group had consistently higher survival compared with the White group (hazard ratio [HR]=0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.95). After adjustment for age and stage, there were no survival differences amongst the White, South Asian and Black groups. Survival was higher in the 'Other' ethnic group when using the 'last recorded' method to assign ethnicity (HR=0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.85 compared with the White group). The results were similar before and after imputation, using all three methods of assigning ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 incidence was lower in the South Asian group than in the White group. After adjusting for casemix there were no consistent survival differences amongst the ethnic groups. Although the impact of missing data and multiple ethnicities was minimal in this study, researchers should always consider these issues, as the results may not be generalisable to other populations and datasets.

title: Using routinely collected health data to investigate the association between ethnicity and XXXX incidence and survival: what is the impact of missing data and multiple ethnicities?

answer: @entity0


abstract: This article presents a case of a 71-year-old @entity0 with a humeral @entity1 between a cementless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and a cemented total elbow arthroplasty and discusses our treatment plan. Surgical treatment was performed after the @entity0 was informed of possible complications and the benefits of surgery including: early, complete restoration of arm anatomy, greater functional improvement of the adjacent joints, and increased risk of nonunion with nonoperative treatment.The @entity1 was comminuted and extended proximally around the shoulder prosthesis. Through the posterior approach, the radial nerve was identified and protected. Both prostheses were found firmly fixed to bone. The @entity1 around the shoulder prosthesis was reduced first using a strut allograft and reduction clamps. Next, arm alignment restoration and distal humerus reduction were performed. The construct was neutralized with a 3.5-mm locking plate spanning the whole length of the humerus. The locking plate was positioned posterolaterally and the strut medially in a 90   to 90   configuration secured with wires and cables.A hinged elbow brace was applied for 6 weeks postoperatively. Active range of motion exercises of the wrist and hand and passive motion of the elbow and shoulder were started at 4 to 5 days postoperatively. At 2 weeks postoperatively, passive motion of the elbow and shoulder progressed to strengthening exercises. Thereafter, the @entity0 underwent several weeks of physical therapy to restore motion, strength, and function of the upper extremity with instructions not to overload the arm and avoid heavy work and sports for as long as 1 year. At 10 months postoperatively, radiographs of the arm showed a stable construct; the @entity0 had resumed full activities of daily living.

title: XXXX between a total elbow and total shoulder arthroplasty.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objectives of this study were to (1) assess year-round behaviors and activity patterns of captive @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and (2) characterize the species' reproductive endocrinology. Behaviors and activity patterns of 12 (5.7) animals were recorded over a 1-year period. During that time, fecal samples were collected 2-7 times/week from 16 (7.9) individuals (six of these were included in the behavioral study) for the analysis of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity1 metabolite concentrations. Activity pattern and excretion of gonadal steroids followed a seasonal pattern. Specifically, @entity2 were cathemeral in summer, and primarily nocturnal in winter. In the males, @entity3 concentrations were at baseline from April through September, began to rise in October and reached peak concentrations in February (P<0.05). In the females, elevated @entity1 (P<0.05) was observed in March followed by an increase in progestagen concentrations from March through May (P<0.05) in both pregnant and pseudopregnant animals. Gender significantly influenced monthly @entity3 / @entity1 ratio (P<0.01); values were higher in males than in females throughout the year with overall percentage of overlapping values between males and females being 28%. In summary, this study characterized cirannual fluctuations in behaviors and gonadal @entity0 metabolites in the @entity5 maintained in captivity. Because there is no obvious sexual dimorphism, the differences in @entity3 / @entity1 ratio may be useful for gender differentiation (72% accuracy), especially among individuals living in the wild.

title: Activity pattern, reproductive behaviors and gonadal hormones in the XXXX ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: The objectives of this study were to (1) assess year-round behaviors and activity patterns of captive @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and (2) characterize the species' reproductive endocrinology. Behaviors and activity patterns of 12 (5.7) animals were recorded over a 1-year period. During that time, fecal samples were collected 2-7 times/week from 16 (7.9) individuals (six of these were included in the behavioral study) for the analysis of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity1 metabolite concentrations. Activity pattern and excretion of gonadal steroids followed a seasonal pattern. Specifically, @entity2 were cathemeral in summer, and primarily nocturnal in winter. In the males, @entity3 concentrations were at baseline from April through September, began to rise in October and reached peak concentrations in February (P<0.05). In the females, elevated @entity1 (P<0.05) was observed in March followed by an increase in progestagen concentrations from March through May (P<0.05) in both pregnant and pseudopregnant animals. Gender significantly influenced monthly @entity3 / @entity1 ratio (P<0.01); values were higher in males than in females throughout the year with overall percentage of overlapping values between males and females being 28%. In summary, this study characterized cirannual fluctuations in behaviors and gonadal @entity0 metabolites in the @entity5 maintained in captivity. Because there is no obvious sexual dimorphism, the differences in @entity3 / @entity1 ratio may be useful for gender differentiation (72% accuracy), especially among individuals living in the wild.

title: Activity pattern, reproductive behaviors and gonadal hormones in the @entity5 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 (E2) is a potent neuroactive @entity2 that acts through both nuclear and membrane @entity4 receptors (ER) found widely distributed in the brain. Although long known for its role in the neural control of reproduction, more recent work demonstrates that E2 also affects learning and memory, as well as @entity3 and @entity5 . These findings prompted studies on the neural consequences of long-term E2 deprivation in postmenopausal @entity0 . Despite hundreds of studies in animal models and @entity0 , the advisability of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for neuroprotection remains a contentious issue because the effects of @entity4 vary among studies. One difficulty in reconciling the conflicting results is the lack of integration across the neuroscience sub-disciplines that contribute to the field. To address this issue, we first review data on E2 regulation of cognition and mood, as well as on factors that may contribute to the disparate findings across studies. @entity6 and @entity7 are proximal regulators of cognition and mood; therefore we next review review data showing that E2 acts through nuclear- and membrane-initiated mechanisms to regulate @entity6 and @entity7 signaling, respectively. We also review evidence that these E2 signaling mechanisms change with age. Finally, we propose a molecular and cellular model of how E2 can have positive, negative, or no effects on neural functions in the aging brain, and we highlight the current gaps in the literature. Addressing these gaps will facilitate development of the mechanism-based strategies needed for designing more effective HRT regimens.

title: XXXX acts through nuclear- and membrane-initiated mechanisms to maintain a balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling in the brain: implications for hormone replacement therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a rich source of radicals, predisposing the cell to oxidative stress resulting in @entity2 . @entity2 is a recognized risk factor for @entity3 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a mediator of inflammatory pathway and may, therefore, contribute to @entity3 . There are several reports that suggest the association between @entity6 and @entity7 associated risk to @entity0 . In the present study, we examined the role of @entity10 (a selective @entity7 inhibitor) in modulating the oxidative stress caused by @entity6 inhalation in @entity1 . @entity6 exposure for a period of 10 weeks caused oxidative stress in the pulmonary and hepatic tissues, as evident from the increase in lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) and decrease in @entity8 ( @entity9 ) levels. @entity10 (125 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks) administration to @entity6 inhaling @entity1 reduced the oxidative stress by decreasing the LPO levels and enhancing the @entity9 levels in comparison to the @entity6 -exposed group. @entity6 exposure repressed the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, as evident from the decrease in catalase (CAT) and @entity5 dismutase (SOD) activities. Co-adminstration of @entity10 considerably reversed the changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Histopathological studies of lungs showed that @entity6 exposure induced alveolar wall destruction and air space enlargement. In co-treated group, the @entity4 were thicker than normal with apparent infiltration of inflammatory cells. In @entity6 -exposed group, hepatic tissue exhibited vacuolization and macrophage infiltration. Co-treatment with @entity10 restored the normal histoarchitechture in hepatic tissues of @entity6 inhaling @entity1 . Thus, the present study demonstrated that @entity10 adminstration reduced the oxidative stress-mediated risk to @entity3 , due to its ability to boost the antioxidant defense system.

title: XXXX mitigates cigarette smoke induced oxidative stress in @entity1 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a rich source of radicals, predisposing the cell to oxidative stress resulting in @entity2 . @entity2 is a recognized risk factor for @entity3 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a mediator of inflammatory pathway and may, therefore, contribute to @entity3 . There are several reports that suggest the association between @entity6 and @entity7 associated risk to @entity0 . In the present study, we examined the role of @entity10 (a selective @entity7 inhibitor) in modulating the oxidative stress caused by @entity6 inhalation in @entity1 . @entity6 exposure for a period of 10 weeks caused oxidative stress in the pulmonary and hepatic tissues, as evident from the increase in lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) and decrease in @entity8 ( @entity9 ) levels. @entity10 (125 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks) administration to @entity6 inhaling @entity1 reduced the oxidative stress by decreasing the LPO levels and enhancing the @entity9 levels in comparison to the @entity6 -exposed group. @entity6 exposure repressed the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, as evident from the decrease in catalase (CAT) and @entity5 dismutase (SOD) activities. Co-adminstration of @entity10 considerably reversed the changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Histopathological studies of lungs showed that @entity6 exposure induced alveolar wall destruction and air space enlargement. In co-treated group, the @entity4 were thicker than normal with apparent infiltration of inflammatory cells. In @entity6 -exposed group, hepatic tissue exhibited vacuolization and macrophage infiltration. Co-treatment with @entity10 restored the normal histoarchitechture in hepatic tissues of @entity6 inhaling @entity1 . Thus, the present study demonstrated that @entity10 adminstration reduced the oxidative stress-mediated risk to @entity3 , due to its ability to boost the antioxidant defense system.

title: @entity10 mitigates cigarette smoke induced oxidative stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate trends in the prevalence of @entity6 among elders living in public housing or in the community; to compare health status of elders living in public housing to their community-dwelling counterparts. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community-dwelling elders who reported ever residing in public housing were compared to those living in other community settings. @entity0 : @entity0 of the Health and Retirement Study (seven waves of interviews conducted from 1995 through 2006) interviewed in 2006 with complete data on housing status, self-report measures of health status and measures of functioning (n = 16,191). MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported @entity6 , functioning, and other health conditions. We also evaluated four functional indices: overall mobility, large muscle functioning, gross motor functioning, and fine motor functioning. RESULTS: Those reporting having lived in public housing were twice as likely to rate their health as fair or poor relative to those with no public housing experience (57.3% vs 26.9%, respectively). Cardiac conditions, @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity4 problems were all more prevalent in those living in public housing relative to community-dwelling elders not living in public housing. Fatigue was more prevalent in @entity0 residing in public housing (26.7%) as compared to other community-dwelling elders (17.8%). CONCLUSION: The health status of @entity0 residing in public housing is poor. Fatigue and comorbid conditions are highly prevalent and more common in those living in public housing. Developing care models that meet the needs of this oft-neglected population is warranted.

title: Subsidized housing not subsidized health: health status and XXXX among elders in public housing and other community settings.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of body-mass index (BMI) from adolescence to adulthood with obesity-related diseases in young adults has not been completely delineated. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in which we followed 37,674 apparently healthy young @entity0 for incident angiography-proven @entity3 and @entity1 through the Staff Periodic Examination Center of the Israeli Army Medical Corps. The height and weight of @entity0 were measured at regular intervals, with the first measurements taken when they were 17 years of age. RESULTS: During approximately 650,000 @entity0 -years of follow-up (mean follow-up, 17.4 years), we documented 1173 incident cases of type 2 @entity1 and 327 of @entity3 . In multivariate models adjusted for age, family history, blood pressure, lifestyle factors, and biomarkers in blood, elevated adolescent BMI (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters; mean range for the first through last deciles, 17.3 to 27.6) was a significant predictor of both @entity1 (hazard ratio for the highest vs. the lowest decile, 2.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11 to 3.58) and angiography-proven @entity3 (hazard ratio, 5.43; 95% CI, 2.77 to 10.62). Further adjustment for BMI at adulthood completely ablated the association of adolescent BMI with @entity1 (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.37) but not the association with @entity3 (hazard ratio, 6.85; 95% CI, 3.30 to 14.21). After adjustment of the BMI values as continuous variables in multivariate models, only elevated BMI in adulthood was significantly associated with @entity1 (b=1.115, P=0.003; P=0.89 for interaction). In contrast, elevated BMI in both adolescence (b=1.355, P=0.004) and adulthood (b=1.207, P=0.03) were independently associated with angiography-proven @entity3 (P=0.048 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS: An elevated BMI in adolescence--one that is well within the range currently considered to be normal--constitutes a substantial risk factor for @entity2 in midlife. Although the risk of @entity1 is mainly associated with increased BMI close to the time of diagnosis, the risk of @entity3 is associated with an elevated BMI both in adolescence and in adulthood, supporting the hypothesis that the processes causing incident @entity3 , particularly @entity4 , are more gradual than those resulting in incident @entity1 . (Funded by the Chaim Sheba Medical Center and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps.).

title: Adolescent BMI trajectory and risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a novel thermodynamic treatment for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen adult subjects (10 females, 4 males, mean age   =   54.2    9.6 yr) were recruited in a multi-center, feasibility clinical trial in Durham and Cary, North Carolina and Boston, Massachusetts. Inclusion criteria included: previous diagnosis of moderate to severe @entity2 ; @entity2 for at least three months prior; daily topical lubricant use; and evidence of @entity3 in the central five glands of both eyes lower eyelids. Exclusion criteria included: history of recent acute or @entity0 or infection and lid surface abnormalities affecting lid function. The treatment: the device heats the palpebral surface of upper and lower eyelids while simultaneously applying graded pulsatile pressure to the outer eyelid for 12   min, thereby expressing the MGs during heating. One eye was randomly selected to undergo additional manual heated expression with another treatment device. RESULTS: The mean MG secretion score, tear break-up time, corneal staining score, number of MGs yielding liquid secretion and symptom scores all improved significantly from baseline to 1 week. This was maintained through the 3-month follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in any outcome between the automated device treatment only and the additional heated manual expression. CONCLUSION: The combination of heat applied to the palpebral surface, while simultaneously expressing MGs during a single 12-minute treatment, was effective, in this feasibility study, in treating obstructive @entity1 and @entity2 signs and symptoms for the 3-month study period.

title: A novel thermodynamic treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a common source of @entity1 in @entity3 , especially those involved in sports with a high incidence of jumping and cutting. Changes in training programs and exercises based on eccentric quadriceps contractions often relieve @entity0 ' symptoms. For @entity3 unresponsive to this treatment, some authors suggest open and arthroscopic procedures d  briding either the tendon alone, or the tendon and bone. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked whether an arthroscopically assisted approach to d  bride not only the tendon, bone, but also the peritenon could relieve @entity1 and allow @entity3 to return to their former activities. @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 23 @entity0 with a history of at least 6 months of painful @entity2 unresponsive to nonoperative treatment treated with an arthroscopic technique that d  brided the tendon, inferior pole of the patella, and peritenon: 22 males and one female. Mean age was 29 years. @entity0 were evaluated using the anterior knee @entity1 score of Kujala et al. The minimum followup was 12 months (mean, 58 months; range, 12-121 months). RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 scored 100, one 99, one 98, five 97, two 94, one 90, and one 64. The Kujala et al. mean score was 96 (range, 64-100). All but four @entity0 returned to their former sports activities. We observed no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic treatment can relieve the @entity1 of refractory @entity2 . Our observations were comparable with those previously reported for open techniques and a high percentage of @entity0 returned to their previous activity level. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, observational study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Can arthroscopically assisted treatment of XXXX reduce @entity1 and restore function?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a common source of @entity1 in @entity3 , especially those involved in sports with a high incidence of jumping and cutting. Changes in training programs and exercises based on eccentric quadriceps contractions often relieve @entity0 ' symptoms. For @entity3 unresponsive to this treatment, some authors suggest open and arthroscopic procedures d  briding either the tendon alone, or the tendon and bone. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked whether an arthroscopically assisted approach to d  bride not only the tendon, bone, but also the peritenon could relieve @entity1 and allow @entity3 to return to their former activities. @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 23 @entity0 with a history of at least 6 months of painful @entity2 unresponsive to nonoperative treatment treated with an arthroscopic technique that d  brided the tendon, inferior pole of the patella, and peritenon: 22 males and one female. Mean age was 29 years. @entity0 were evaluated using the anterior knee @entity1 score of Kujala et al. The minimum followup was 12 months (mean, 58 months; range, 12-121 months). RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 scored 100, one 99, one 98, five 97, two 94, one 90, and one 64. The Kujala et al. mean score was 96 (range, 64-100). All but four @entity0 returned to their former sports activities. We observed no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic treatment can relieve the @entity1 of refractory @entity2 . Our observations were comparable with those previously reported for open techniques and a high percentage of @entity0 returned to their previous activity level. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, observational study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Can arthroscopically assisted treatment of @entity2 reduce XXXX and restore function?

answer: @entity1