abstract: The role of @entity1 (NA) and @entity0 (DA) in the hypothalamic control of @entity8 (PRL) secretion was investigated in hypothalamic intact (control) and hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) Soay rams. The animals were exposed to alternating 16-weekly periods of short (8 L : 16D) and long days (16 L : 8D) to induce marked cyclical changes in PRL secretion in both groups (as demonstrated previously). Selective NA and DA receptor antagonists (dose: 1.2 micromol/kg) were administered under short days (low endogenous PRL secretion), and agonists (dose: 0.0012-0.12 micromol/kg) were administered under long days (high endogenous PRL secretion). The acute changes in blood PRL concentrations were measured over 4 h as the index of responsiveness. Under short days, treatment with @entity7 (alpha-1 adenoceptor antagonist), and @entity5 (alpha-2 antagonist), consistently increased PRL secretion in control, but not in HPD rams. The treatments produced similar acute, drug-specific behavioural effects in both groups. @entity2 (beta antagonist) had no effect on PRL secretion, while @entity6 (DA D-2 antagonist) induced a marked increase in blood PRL concentrations in control rams (> 4 h), and a transient effect in HPD rams (15 min). Under long days, when endogenous PRL secretion was increased, @entity3 (alpha-1 agonist) produced no effects, while @entity4 (DA D-2 agonist) robustly decreased PRL concentrations in both control and HPD rams, even at the lowest treatment dose. Overall, the positive responses to the antagonists in the control rams, support the view that DA (acting via D-2 receptors), and to a lesser extent NA (acting via alpha-1/alpha-2 receptors), negatively regulate PRL secretion. In contrast, the lack of responses to the antagonists in the HPD rams, support the view that neither DA, nor NA, mediate the photoperiodic control of PRL secretion.

title: @entity1 and XXXX regulation of @entity8 secretion in sheep: role in @entity8 homeostasis but not photoperiodism.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The role of @entity1 (NA) and @entity0 (DA) in the hypothalamic control of @entity8 (PRL) secretion was investigated in hypothalamic intact (control) and hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) Soay rams. The animals were exposed to alternating 16-weekly periods of short (8 L : 16D) and long days (16 L : 8D) to induce marked cyclical changes in PRL secretion in both groups (as demonstrated previously). Selective NA and DA receptor antagonists (dose: 1.2 micromol/kg) were administered under short days (low endogenous PRL secretion), and agonists (dose: 0.0012-0.12 micromol/kg) were administered under long days (high endogenous PRL secretion). The acute changes in blood PRL concentrations were measured over 4 h as the index of responsiveness. Under short days, treatment with @entity7 (alpha-1 adenoceptor antagonist), and @entity5 (alpha-2 antagonist), consistently increased PRL secretion in control, but not in HPD rams. The treatments produced similar acute, drug-specific behavioural effects in both groups. @entity2 (beta antagonist) had no effect on PRL secretion, while @entity6 (DA D-2 antagonist) induced a marked increase in blood PRL concentrations in control rams (> 4 h), and a transient effect in HPD rams (15 min). Under long days, when endogenous PRL secretion was increased, @entity3 (alpha-1 agonist) produced no effects, while @entity4 (DA D-2 agonist) robustly decreased PRL concentrations in both control and HPD rams, even at the lowest treatment dose. Overall, the positive responses to the antagonists in the control rams, support the view that DA (acting via D-2 receptors), and to a lesser extent NA (acting via alpha-1/alpha-2 receptors), negatively regulate PRL secretion. In contrast, the lack of responses to the antagonists in the HPD rams, support the view that neither DA, nor NA, mediate the photoperiodic control of PRL secretion.

title: @entity1 and @entity0 regulation of XXXX secretion in sheep: role in @entity8 homeostasis but not photoperiodism.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The role of @entity1 (NA) and @entity0 (DA) in the hypothalamic control of @entity8 (PRL) secretion was investigated in hypothalamic intact (control) and hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) Soay rams. The animals were exposed to alternating 16-weekly periods of short (8 L : 16D) and long days (16 L : 8D) to induce marked cyclical changes in PRL secretion in both groups (as demonstrated previously). Selective NA and DA receptor antagonists (dose: 1.2 micromol/kg) were administered under short days (low endogenous PRL secretion), and agonists (dose: 0.0012-0.12 micromol/kg) were administered under long days (high endogenous PRL secretion). The acute changes in blood PRL concentrations were measured over 4 h as the index of responsiveness. Under short days, treatment with @entity7 (alpha-1 adenoceptor antagonist), and @entity5 (alpha-2 antagonist), consistently increased PRL secretion in control, but not in HPD rams. The treatments produced similar acute, drug-specific behavioural effects in both groups. @entity2 (beta antagonist) had no effect on PRL secretion, while @entity6 (DA D-2 antagonist) induced a marked increase in blood PRL concentrations in control rams (> 4 h), and a transient effect in HPD rams (15 min). Under long days, when endogenous PRL secretion was increased, @entity3 (alpha-1 agonist) produced no effects, while @entity4 (DA D-2 agonist) robustly decreased PRL concentrations in both control and HPD rams, even at the lowest treatment dose. Overall, the positive responses to the antagonists in the control rams, support the view that DA (acting via D-2 receptors), and to a lesser extent NA (acting via alpha-1/alpha-2 receptors), negatively regulate PRL secretion. In contrast, the lack of responses to the antagonists in the HPD rams, support the view that neither DA, nor NA, mediate the photoperiodic control of PRL secretion.

title: @entity1 and @entity0 regulation of @entity8 secretion in sheep: role in XXXX homeostasis but not photoperiodism.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: An in-vitro assay has been developed for quantitative assessment of chemotherapy induced @entity2 . In the present study this method was evaluated for assessment of irradiation @entity1 at a cellular level. METHODS: Ten @entity0 participated in this consecutive study. All @entity0 were treated with conventional fractionated curative postoperative radiotherapy. Prior to, and weekly during, the irradiation course, oral washings were obtained to determine viability of epithelial cells by @entity3 dye exclusion. Maturation of epithelial cells was assessed from smears (Papanicolaou staining). The viability data were compared with the WHO-score for @entity1 . RESULTS: Epithelial cell viability increased during the first three weeks of radiation (P = 0.04), and was seen earlier than the subjective mucosal changes with the WHO-score. Cell maturity shifted from immature and intermediate to mature (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The cell viability assay can be considered an objective method for following the development of irradiation @entity1 , and seems to be more sensitive during the first three weeks of irradiation than the WHO-scoring method.

title: Quantification of XXXX due to radiotherapy by determining viability and maturation of epithelial cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS/BACKGROUND: The innervation pattern of the @entity1 liver is similar to that of the @entity0 liver. However, many aspects of the distribution of the neuronal isoform of the enzyme @entity2 synthase ( @entity4 ) in the @entity1 liver and its colocalization with neuropeptides remain to be elucidated. METHODS: The distribution of @entity4 was studied in fixed @entity1 liver by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. Confocal analysis was used to determine its colocalization with @entity3 (NPY) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). RESULTS: @entity4 -immunoreactive ( @entity4 -IR) nerves were observed in relation to hilar and interlobar vessels and in Glisson's capsule. A few @entity4 -IR ganglia were observed in the extrahepatic bile duct and close to the interlobar portal triads. In addition, @entity4 -IR fibers were located in the interlobular portal triads and pervading the parenchyma. Moreover, @entity4 -IR nerves were demonstrated for the first time in the larger central veins and in the hepatic vein. @entity4 -NPY and @entity4 -CGRP colocalizations were detected in the fibromuscular layer of the bile duct and periductal plexus, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the phylogenetic conservation of the @entity4 -IR hepatic innervation and its possible contribution to the regulation of hepatic blood flow and certain hepatic functions.

title: Neuronal @entity2 synthase immunoreactivity in the @entity1 liver: distribution and colocalization with XXXX and calcitonin gene-related peptide.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS/BACKGROUND: The innervation pattern of the @entity1 liver is similar to that of the @entity0 liver. However, many aspects of the distribution of the neuronal isoform of the enzyme @entity2 synthase ( @entity4 ) in the @entity1 liver and its colocalization with neuropeptides remain to be elucidated. METHODS: The distribution of @entity4 was studied in fixed @entity1 liver by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. Confocal analysis was used to determine its colocalization with @entity3 (NPY) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). RESULTS: @entity4 -immunoreactive ( @entity4 -IR) nerves were observed in relation to hilar and interlobar vessels and in Glisson's capsule. A few @entity4 -IR ganglia were observed in the extrahepatic bile duct and close to the interlobar portal triads. In addition, @entity4 -IR fibers were located in the interlobular portal triads and pervading the parenchyma. Moreover, @entity4 -IR nerves were demonstrated for the first time in the larger central veins and in the hepatic vein. @entity4 -NPY and @entity4 -CGRP colocalizations were detected in the fibromuscular layer of the bile duct and periductal plexus, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the phylogenetic conservation of the @entity4 -IR hepatic innervation and its possible contribution to the regulation of hepatic blood flow and certain hepatic functions.

title: Neuronal @entity2 synthase immunoreactivity in the XXXX liver: distribution and colocalization with @entity3 and calcitonin gene-related peptide.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/BACKGROUND: The innervation pattern of the @entity1 liver is similar to that of the @entity0 liver. However, many aspects of the distribution of the neuronal isoform of the enzyme @entity2 synthase ( @entity4 ) in the @entity1 liver and its colocalization with neuropeptides remain to be elucidated. METHODS: The distribution of @entity4 was studied in fixed @entity1 liver by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. Confocal analysis was used to determine its colocalization with @entity3 (NPY) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). RESULTS: @entity4 -immunoreactive ( @entity4 -IR) nerves were observed in relation to hilar and interlobar vessels and in Glisson's capsule. A few @entity4 -IR ganglia were observed in the extrahepatic bile duct and close to the interlobar portal triads. In addition, @entity4 -IR fibers were located in the interlobular portal triads and pervading the parenchyma. Moreover, @entity4 -IR nerves were demonstrated for the first time in the larger central veins and in the hepatic vein. @entity4 -NPY and @entity4 -CGRP colocalizations were detected in the fibromuscular layer of the bile duct and periductal plexus, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the phylogenetic conservation of the @entity4 -IR hepatic innervation and its possible contribution to the regulation of hepatic blood flow and certain hepatic functions.

title: Neuronal XXXX synthase immunoreactivity in the @entity1 liver: distribution and colocalization with @entity3 and calcitonin gene-related peptide.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endogenous mast cell degranulation on the contractility of isolated cervical strips from nonpregnant and pregnant @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cervical strips from nonpregnant and pregnant (mid and term) @entity2 were used for isometric tension recording. Responses to the mast cell degranulating agent, compound 48/80, were compared in the absence or presence of different inhibitors and receptor antagonists. Concentration-response curves were obtained to @entity0 and @entity1 in strips that were incubated with antagonists or solvent. RESULTS: Compound 48/80 and @entity0 significantly increased contractility of cervical strips in all 3 groups of animals. The inhibitor of mast cell degranulation significantly reduced responses to compound 48/80 and @entity0 -1 receptor antagonist reduced responses to @entity0 in all 3 groups. @entity0 -1 receptor antagonist significantly inhibited responses to compound 48/80 in nonpregnant and mid pregnant @entity2 . @entity0 -2 receptor antagonist did not alter responses to compound 48/80 nor to @entity0 . The receptor antagonist @entity1 -2 significantly inhibited cervical contractility that was induced by compound 48/80 in tissues from mid pregnant and term pregnant @entity2 . Lipoxygenase inhibitor was effective in mid pregnant @entity2 . Cyclooxygenase inhibitor, @entity1 , and a combination of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors had no effect on cervical contractility. CONCLUSION: The degranulation of mast cells releases @entity0 and other mediators that stimulate cervical contractility through @entity0 -1 receptors. Cervical infiltration and modulation of contractility by mast cells may play an important physiologic and/or pathologic role in the control of cervical function during pregnancy.

title: Endogenous mast cell degranulation modulates cervical contractility in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure stage-specific geographic and time variability of @entity0 in seven Italian areas before the onset of organized screening programs. METHODS: All invasive @entity2 (8689 cases) arising in @entity1 aged 40-79 years during the pre-screening period 1985-1997, were considered. Multiple Poisson regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: About 39% of the cases were classified as "early," 52% as "advanced," and 9% as "unspecified" stage. Age-adjusted incidence rates showed a significant geographic variation for early but not for advanced @entity2 (range: 58-103 cases/100,000 and 104-125 cases/100,000, respectively). The result was confirmed in the multiple regression analysis after adjustment for year of diagnosis and age. Early @entity0 risk adjusted for age and registry showed a significant increase over time (+3.9% per year for all ages, and +6.2% per year for age category 50-79). In contrast, a decreasing time trend was observed for advanced @entity2 of 3 cm or over in @entity1 aged less than 60. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, early @entity0 incidence varied both by geographic area and time before the commencement of screening. The differences in early-stage incidence may well be related to differences in availability of "spontaneous" mammography. Late-stage incidence decreased over time in younger @entity1 and for very advanced cases, but not in the older ones, nor for @entity2 less than 3 cm. Early detection outside organized screening was only partially efficient in reducing advanced @entity0 incidence. The trend of incidence of @entity3 , as previously proposed, is confirmed to be a valid early indicator of effectiveness of screening.

title: Stage-specific incidence of XXXX before the beginning of organized screening programs in Italy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 are common in @entity0 who have undergone esophagectomy. There are no good predictive variables for these complications. In addition, the role that preoperative treatment with chemotherapy and radiation may play in @entity3 remains unclear. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all @entity0 who underwent esophagectomy by a single surgeon at our institution over a 6-year period. Data were analyzed for a correlation between @entity0 risk factors and @entity4 , including mortality, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and hospital length of stay. RESULTS: Complete data were available on 61 @entity0 . Nearly all @entity0 had some @entity4 (eg, @entity5 ), although most of these were clinically insignificant. @entity1 was the most common clinically important complication, and 19.7% of @entity0 required prolonged ventilatory support. Significant risk factors identified included @entity2 , especially for @entity0 with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) less than 65% of predicted, preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and age. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired lung function is a significant risk factor for @entity4 after esophagectomy. @entity0 with FEV1 less than 65% of predicted appear to be at greatest risk. There also seems to be an associated risk of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for @entity4 after esophagectomy.

title: XXXX after esophagectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity10 is a disorder of @entity0 in which there is obliteration or discontinuity of the extrahepatic biliary system, resulting in obstruction of bile flow. Untreated, the resulting cholestasis leads to progressive @entity12 , @entity1 , and @entity9 . @entity10 has an incidence of approximately one in 10,000 live births worldwide. Evidence to date supports a number of pathogenic mechanisms for the development of @entity10 . An infectious cause, such as by a virus, would seem most pausible in many cases. The clinical observation that @entity10 is rarely encountered in premature @entity0 would support an agent acting late in gestation. However, no infectious or toxic agent has been conclusively implicated in @entity10 . Genetic mechanisms likely play important roles, even regarding susceptibility to other specific causes, but no gene whose altered function would result in obstruction or @entity7 of the biliary tree has been identified. The variety of clinical presentations support the notion that the proposed mechanisms are not mutually exclusive but may play roles individually or in combination in certain @entity0 . @entity10 , when untreated, is fatal within 2 years, with a median survival of 8 months. The natural history of @entity10 has been favorably altered by the Kasai portoenterostomy. Approximately 25 to 35% of @entity0 who undergo a Kasai portoenterostomy will survive more than 10 years without liver transplantation. One third of the @entity0 drain bile but develop complications of @entity1 and require liver transplantation before age 10. For the remaining one third of @entity0 , bile flow is inadequate following portoenterostomy and the @entity0 develop progressive @entity1 and @entity1 . The portoenterostomy should be done before there is irreversible @entity8 of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Consequently, a prompt evaluation is indicated for any @entity0 older than 14 days with @entity6 to determine if @entity12 is present. If infectious, @entity3 are unlikely and if the @entity0 has findings consistent with @entity10 , then exploratory laparotomy and intraoperative cholangiogram should be done expeditiously by a surgeon who has experience doing the Kasai portoenteostomy. @entity10 represents the most common indication for pediatric liver transplantation, representing more than 50% of cases in most series. Transplantation is indicated when symptoms of @entity11 occur, including recurrent @entity4 , progressive @entity6 , portal @entity2 complications, @entity5 , decreased synthetic function, and growth/nutritional failure.

title: XXXX : pathogenesis and treatment.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) frequently causes @entity3 , which can lead to deterioration of the upper urinary tract (UUT), vesico-renal reflux (VRR) and @entity2 . The aim of this study is to determine the degree of acceptance, performance and results of treatment of @entity3 in @entity0 by intermittent catheterization (IC). METHODS: Of 121 @entity0 (50 @entity0 and 38 @entity0 ) with @entity3 , 88 were managed by intermittent catheterization. The mean age at treatment was 5.2 years (range 20 days-13 years). PVC catheters were employed and reutilized for 3 or 4 weeks. Catheters were aseptic but not sterile. Antimicrobial prophylactic therapy was not administered except in @entity0 with VRR. The statistical study was descriptive and results were compared using the Pearson chi square test. RESULTS: 90% had 4 or more catheterizations daily. Family and @entity0 cooperation was good in 90% of the cases. @entity0 were managed by IC for a mean period of 4 years (range 1 month-14 years). Only two cases (2%) showed mild, transient complications ( @entity1 and @entity4 ). Normal UUT remained normal in 85%; 45% with compromised UUT improved and 7% became worse. Of the @entity0 with no VRR, 94% did not develop this complication; VRR resolved in 72% of the cases (24% by IC alone and 48% with drugs or surgery). Only 12% were continent for more than 3 hours, which increased to 77% (64% by IC alone and 86% with drug therapy or surgery). Urethral sphincter urodynamics was the most important prognostic factor: @entity0 with a lower urethral resistance showed better results for the UUT (p = 0.00373) and VRR (p = 0.00943). The results were also better in @entity0 with normal UUT (p = 0.0003) and no VRR (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: IC is not limited by @entity0 age, sex or sociocultural level. It preserves normal TUS and prevents VRR when instituted early, on demonstrating residual urine and high urethral resistance. IC alone or in combination with other treatments is the basic therapy in @entity3 .

title: [Intermittent catheterization as the basis for treatment of XXXX during childhood].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The use of fecal @entity2 analysis to assess gonadal and adrenal function in primates has rapidly increased in recent years due to the ability to collect feces from nonhuman primates living in wild conditions. These techniques offer an exciting new potential for enhancing our knowledge of the endocrine status of free-living animals. Prior to using these techniques under field conditions, it is important to determine the diurnal variation of fecal excreted @entity3 for assessing possible time limitations on fecal collections. The following study investigates the diurnal frequency of defecation and patterns of @entity2 levels excreted in feces from four female @entity6 , @entity6 , living in a family group. These females represented three reproductive conditions: early pregnancy, @entity0 , and noncycling (postpubertal). @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity5 were extracted and analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. Diurnal variations in @entity2 levels were found by ANOVA for @entity4 and @entity5 but not for @entity1 . Significantly higher levels of @entity4 were found in the afternoon, while the reverse was found for @entity5 . All females showed the same pattern of @entity2 level change, except for @entity4 in the pregnant female. Since all females defecated within the first hour after they awoke in the morning, this time was determined to be the most effective time to collect feces. The consistency of our findings reinforces the usefulness of this approach for studying reproductive and adrenocortical function in marmosets and also indicates that fecal collection should be limited to either morning or afternoon collections.

title: Diurnal variation on the excretion patterns of fecal XXXX in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) females.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The use of fecal @entity2 analysis to assess gonadal and adrenal function in primates has rapidly increased in recent years due to the ability to collect feces from nonhuman primates living in wild conditions. These techniques offer an exciting new potential for enhancing our knowledge of the endocrine status of free-living animals. Prior to using these techniques under field conditions, it is important to determine the diurnal variation of fecal excreted @entity3 for assessing possible time limitations on fecal collections. The following study investigates the diurnal frequency of defecation and patterns of @entity2 levels excreted in feces from four female @entity6 , @entity6 , living in a family group. These females represented three reproductive conditions: early pregnancy, @entity0 , and noncycling (postpubertal). @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity5 were extracted and analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. Diurnal variations in @entity2 levels were found by ANOVA for @entity4 and @entity5 but not for @entity1 . Significantly higher levels of @entity4 were found in the afternoon, while the reverse was found for @entity5 . All females showed the same pattern of @entity2 level change, except for @entity4 in the pregnant female. Since all females defecated within the first hour after they awoke in the morning, this time was determined to be the most effective time to collect feces. The consistency of our findings reinforces the usefulness of this approach for studying reproductive and adrenocortical function in marmosets and also indicates that fecal collection should be limited to either morning or afternoon collections.

title: Diurnal variation on the excretion patterns of fecal @entity3 in XXXX ( @entity6 ) females.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The use of fecal @entity2 analysis to assess gonadal and adrenal function in primates has rapidly increased in recent years due to the ability to collect feces from nonhuman primates living in wild conditions. These techniques offer an exciting new potential for enhancing our knowledge of the endocrine status of free-living animals. Prior to using these techniques under field conditions, it is important to determine the diurnal variation of fecal excreted @entity3 for assessing possible time limitations on fecal collections. The following study investigates the diurnal frequency of defecation and patterns of @entity2 levels excreted in feces from four female @entity6 , @entity6 , living in a family group. These females represented three reproductive conditions: early pregnancy, @entity0 , and noncycling (postpubertal). @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity5 were extracted and analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. Diurnal variations in @entity2 levels were found by ANOVA for @entity4 and @entity5 but not for @entity1 . Significantly higher levels of @entity4 were found in the afternoon, while the reverse was found for @entity5 . All females showed the same pattern of @entity2 level change, except for @entity4 in the pregnant female. Since all females defecated within the first hour after they awoke in the morning, this time was determined to be the most effective time to collect feces. The consistency of our findings reinforces the usefulness of this approach for studying reproductive and adrenocortical function in marmosets and also indicates that fecal collection should be limited to either morning or afternoon collections.

title: Diurnal variation on the excretion patterns of fecal @entity3 in @entity6 ( XXXX ) females.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uncertainty exists about the extent and consequences of a return to @entity3 consumption after liver transplantation for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). AIMS: To determine the prevalence and consequences of @entity3 consumption in @entity0 transplanted for @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective case controlled study of all @entity0 transplanted for @entity5 at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, between 1987 and 1996. RESULTS: Seventy @entity0 with @entity5 were transplanted, of which 59 survived more than three months; 56 were interviewed. Twenty eight had consumed some @entity3 after transplantation; for the nine "heavy drinkers" ( @entity6 ), the median time to resumption of @entity3 intake was six months and for the 19 "moderate drinkers" ( @entity7 ) it was eight months. There was no significant difference in episodes of acute rejection or compliance with medication between those who were abstinent, @entity7 , or @entity6 . Histological evidence of @entity2 was common in @entity5 @entity0 who had returned to drink. Mild @entity4 was found in 1/11 biopsy specimens from abstinent @entity0 but moderate to severe @entity4 and ballooned hepatocytes were seen in 3/5 @entity7 and 2/5 @entity6 specimens. Two @entity6 @entity0 had early @entity1 . One @entity6 @entity0 had died of @entity3 related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to heavy @entity3 consumption occurs in @entity0 transplanted for @entity5 . @entity0 recall of abstinence advice is unreliable, and @entity0 return to @entity3 mainly within the first year after liver transplantation. Return to @entity3 consumption after liver transplantation is associated with rapid development of histological @entity2 including @entity1 .

title: Patterns of XXXX consumption after liver transplantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although dornase alpha (recombinant @entity0 DNase) can thin the viscid pulmonary secretions of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), clinical trials in groups of unselected @entity0 have shown only modest average improvements in pulmonary function. The product is very expensive, so in conjunction with purchasers we designed selection criteria and a protocol for a 2-week trial to target @entity1 individuals who might gain most benefit. Treatment was to be continued in those showing > or = 10% improvement in pulmonary function. Those who had a trial of dornase alpha were followed up for 2 years. Of 25 @entity0 who had a 2-week trial of dornase alpha, 17 met the criteria for continuation (average gain in forced expiratory volume 37%). The 11 of these who were still alive at 2 years had a greater initial average FEV1 improvement than those who had died (45% versus 22%), and still had an average improvement of 31% at 2 years. The 8 @entity0 who did not meet the criteria for continuation were older and had required fewer intravenous antibiotic courses. All these were alive at 2 years with unchanged clinical indices. This method of selection for dornase alpha treatment allows targeting to those who gain most benefit without disadvantaging the remaining @entity0 . Furthermore, production of such guidelines in conjunction with purchasers obviates funding difficulties and allows rational prescribing.

title: Targeting of dornase alpha therapy in adult XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although long term outcome of @entity0 with perimesencephalic @entity2 , a benign subset of @entity1 , is excellent, some @entity0 report an episode of @entity3 for the first hours to days after the ictus. The relation between the occurrence of @entity3 and the size of the ventricles on CT, including the temporal horns, were studied in @entity0 with perimesencephalic @entity2 . METHODS: Twenty seven consecutive @entity0 with perimesencephalic @entity2 were asked about the occurrence of @entity3 . Age adjusted bicaudate indices and third ventricle sizes were calculated. Linear measurements of the temporal horn were taken in three directions: anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and oblique. Additionally, enlargement of the temporal horns was assessed with the "naked eye". RESULTS: Ten of the 27 @entity0 reported an episode of transient @entity3 ; in these @entity0 the mean sizes of the temporal horns were larger than in @entity0 without @entity3 , ranging from a factor of 1.7 for the medial-lateral measurement to a factor of 2.3 for the anterior-posterior measurement. Most of the @entity0 with @entity3 had relative bicaudate indices and relative third ventricle sizes> 1, and all had enlarged temporal horns at "naked eye" assessment. CONCLUSION: About one third of @entity0 with perimesencephalic @entity2 have an episode of @entity3 shortly after the bleed. The occurrence of @entity3 is associated with enlargement of the temporal horns, and might be explained by temporary hippocampal dysfunction.

title: Transient XXXX after perimesencephalic @entity2 : the role of enlarged temporal horns.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although long term outcome of @entity0 with perimesencephalic @entity2 , a benign subset of @entity1 , is excellent, some @entity0 report an episode of @entity3 for the first hours to days after the ictus. The relation between the occurrence of @entity3 and the size of the ventricles on CT, including the temporal horns, were studied in @entity0 with perimesencephalic @entity2 . METHODS: Twenty seven consecutive @entity0 with perimesencephalic @entity2 were asked about the occurrence of @entity3 . Age adjusted bicaudate indices and third ventricle sizes were calculated. Linear measurements of the temporal horn were taken in three directions: anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and oblique. Additionally, enlargement of the temporal horns was assessed with the "naked eye". RESULTS: Ten of the 27 @entity0 reported an episode of transient @entity3 ; in these @entity0 the mean sizes of the temporal horns were larger than in @entity0 without @entity3 , ranging from a factor of 1.7 for the medial-lateral measurement to a factor of 2.3 for the anterior-posterior measurement. Most of the @entity0 with @entity3 had relative bicaudate indices and relative third ventricle sizes> 1, and all had enlarged temporal horns at "naked eye" assessment. CONCLUSION: About one third of @entity0 with perimesencephalic @entity2 have an episode of @entity3 shortly after the bleed. The occurrence of @entity3 is associated with enlargement of the temporal horns, and might be explained by temporary hippocampal dysfunction.

title: Transient @entity3 after perimesencephalic XXXX : the role of enlarged temporal horns.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare problems of attention in schoolchildren with newly diagnosed @entity3 with those in healthy classmates. METHODS: A computerized battery of tasks comprised Reaction Time (RT) measurement, Trail making (Color Trails 1 and 2), Manual Tapping and Steadiness, and a newly developed task of sustained attention (Balloon Piercing). SUBJECTS: Fifty-one @entity0 with @entity2 (age 7-16 years) and 48 gender- and age-matched classmates were assessed thrice: within 48 h after diagnosis [before start of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)], and 3 and 12 months later. Significantly more @entity0 with @entity2 (51%) than control @entity0 (27%) had required special educational assistance at school. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity2 could not be distinguished from controls in execution times or motor speed. However, errors were more frequent among @entity0 in a "go-no-go" RT task, and errors of omission in a task requiring sustained attention. Within the group of @entity0 with @entity2 , those with prior school or behavior difficulties and those whose parents reacted maladaptively to the onset and diagnosis of @entity2 performed worse than those without these adversities, in the sense that their RT increased inordinately with increasing task difficulty. Epilepsy-related variables did not explain any variance. Transient inordinately poor performances were found in 69% of @entity0 and 40% of controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with newly diagnosed " @entity2 only" do not have persistent @entity1 . AED treatment has no detrimental effect on attention. Prior school and behavior difficulties and a maladaptive reaction to the onset of @entity2 rather than @entity2 variables are related to decreased attentional efficiency.

title: XXXX are not characteristic of schoolchildren with newly diagnosed @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare problems of attention in schoolchildren with newly diagnosed @entity3 with those in healthy classmates. METHODS: A computerized battery of tasks comprised Reaction Time (RT) measurement, Trail making (Color Trails 1 and 2), Manual Tapping and Steadiness, and a newly developed task of sustained attention (Balloon Piercing). SUBJECTS: Fifty-one @entity0 with @entity2 (age 7-16 years) and 48 gender- and age-matched classmates were assessed thrice: within 48 h after diagnosis [before start of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)], and 3 and 12 months later. Significantly more @entity0 with @entity2 (51%) than control @entity0 (27%) had required special educational assistance at school. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity2 could not be distinguished from controls in execution times or motor speed. However, errors were more frequent among @entity0 in a "go-no-go" RT task, and errors of omission in a task requiring sustained attention. Within the group of @entity0 with @entity2 , those with prior school or behavior difficulties and those whose parents reacted maladaptively to the onset and diagnosis of @entity2 performed worse than those without these adversities, in the sense that their RT increased inordinately with increasing task difficulty. Epilepsy-related variables did not explain any variance. Transient inordinately poor performances were found in 69% of @entity0 and 40% of controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with newly diagnosed " @entity2 only" do not have persistent @entity1 . AED treatment has no detrimental effect on attention. Prior school and behavior difficulties and a maladaptive reaction to the onset of @entity2 rather than @entity2 variables are related to decreased attentional efficiency.

title: @entity1 are not characteristic of schoolchildren with newly diagnosed XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The abundant expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) proteins in neurons, together with their modulatory function on G-protein-dependent neurotransmission, provides the basis for cellular adaptation to sensory inputs. To identify the molecular mechanism involved in the sensory experience-induced neural development, we performed a systematic survey of the localization of mRNAs encoding three subtypes of the RGSs ( @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity5 ) in developing @entity0 brains by in situ hybridization through postnatal day 2 (P2), P10 and @entity2 to adult. The most dramatic changes of expression patterns were observed in the discrete neuronal cell layers of the cerebral neocortex (for @entity6 ), the hippocampus (for @entity7 ), the thalamus (for @entity4 ) and the cerebellum (for @entity1 and 7). In the neocortex, @entity1 mRNA was enriched in the superficial cortical plate at P2, in contrast to @entity4 , which was enriched in more mature neurons of the deeper layer V and VI. In the hippocampus, the neuronal cell layer-specific expression pattern of @entity1 developed from P2 to @entity2 . @entity4 expression was temporarily confined to the CA pyramidal cell layer and not detectable in the dentate gyrus at P10 and @entity2 . Similarly, a high level of expression of @entity5 was observed in the CA area, but not in the dentate gyrus at P2 and P10. In the cerebellum, the maturation of laminar expression patterns for the three RGSs correlated with neuronal maturation and synaptogenesis at @entity2 . The most characteristic temporal pattern among the three RGSs was observed for @entity4 mRNA, which was highly enriched in the thalamocortical regions. The peaks of @entity4 expression were seen in the following regions with distinct onset and duration: the neocortex (from P2 onward), the hippocampus (P10 and @entity2 ) and the thalamus (from @entity2 onward). The divergent temporal and spatial expression of @entity3 subtypes and their dynamic control in the cortex, the hippocampus and the thalamus suggest that the @entity3 family could play multiple distinct roles in experience-dependent brain development.

title: Expression of XXXX , @entity4 and @entity5 in the developing postnatal brain.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The abundant expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) proteins in neurons, together with their modulatory function on G-protein-dependent neurotransmission, provides the basis for cellular adaptation to sensory inputs. To identify the molecular mechanism involved in the sensory experience-induced neural development, we performed a systematic survey of the localization of mRNAs encoding three subtypes of the RGSs ( @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity5 ) in developing @entity0 brains by in situ hybridization through postnatal day 2 (P2), P10 and @entity2 to adult. The most dramatic changes of expression patterns were observed in the discrete neuronal cell layers of the cerebral neocortex (for @entity6 ), the hippocampus (for @entity7 ), the thalamus (for @entity4 ) and the cerebellum (for @entity1 and 7). In the neocortex, @entity1 mRNA was enriched in the superficial cortical plate at P2, in contrast to @entity4 , which was enriched in more mature neurons of the deeper layer V and VI. In the hippocampus, the neuronal cell layer-specific expression pattern of @entity1 developed from P2 to @entity2 . @entity4 expression was temporarily confined to the CA pyramidal cell layer and not detectable in the dentate gyrus at P10 and @entity2 . Similarly, a high level of expression of @entity5 was observed in the CA area, but not in the dentate gyrus at P2 and P10. In the cerebellum, the maturation of laminar expression patterns for the three RGSs correlated with neuronal maturation and synaptogenesis at @entity2 . The most characteristic temporal pattern among the three RGSs was observed for @entity4 mRNA, which was highly enriched in the thalamocortical regions. The peaks of @entity4 expression were seen in the following regions with distinct onset and duration: the neocortex (from P2 onward), the hippocampus (P10 and @entity2 ) and the thalamus (from @entity2 onward). The divergent temporal and spatial expression of @entity3 subtypes and their dynamic control in the cortex, the hippocampus and the thalamus suggest that the @entity3 family could play multiple distinct roles in experience-dependent brain development.

title: Expression of @entity1 , @entity4 and XXXX in the developing postnatal brain.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The abundant expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) proteins in neurons, together with their modulatory function on G-protein-dependent neurotransmission, provides the basis for cellular adaptation to sensory inputs. To identify the molecular mechanism involved in the sensory experience-induced neural development, we performed a systematic survey of the localization of mRNAs encoding three subtypes of the RGSs ( @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity5 ) in developing @entity0 brains by in situ hybridization through postnatal day 2 (P2), P10 and @entity2 to adult. The most dramatic changes of expression patterns were observed in the discrete neuronal cell layers of the cerebral neocortex (for @entity6 ), the hippocampus (for @entity7 ), the thalamus (for @entity4 ) and the cerebellum (for @entity1 and 7). In the neocortex, @entity1 mRNA was enriched in the superficial cortical plate at P2, in contrast to @entity4 , which was enriched in more mature neurons of the deeper layer V and VI. In the hippocampus, the neuronal cell layer-specific expression pattern of @entity1 developed from P2 to @entity2 . @entity4 expression was temporarily confined to the CA pyramidal cell layer and not detectable in the dentate gyrus at P10 and @entity2 . Similarly, a high level of expression of @entity5 was observed in the CA area, but not in the dentate gyrus at P2 and P10. In the cerebellum, the maturation of laminar expression patterns for the three RGSs correlated with neuronal maturation and synaptogenesis at @entity2 . The most characteristic temporal pattern among the three RGSs was observed for @entity4 mRNA, which was highly enriched in the thalamocortical regions. The peaks of @entity4 expression were seen in the following regions with distinct onset and duration: the neocortex (from P2 onward), the hippocampus (P10 and @entity2 ) and the thalamus (from @entity2 onward). The divergent temporal and spatial expression of @entity3 subtypes and their dynamic control in the cortex, the hippocampus and the thalamus suggest that the @entity3 family could play multiple distinct roles in experience-dependent brain development.

title: Expression of @entity1 , XXXX and @entity5 in the developing postnatal brain.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Injectable @entity1 implants were assessed as vaccine delivery vehicles in @entity0 , using either the model antigen avidin or @entity2 and @entity4 toxoids. Two types of implant were compared, the matrix type, that has been shown to deliver antigen in vitro in a first-order profile over approximately 1 month, and the covered rod type, that delivers antigen for several months in a zero-order profile. The implants were prepared using lyophilized antigen and adjuvant (in this case, recombinant ovine @entity5 ; rovIL-1beta) and manufactured in the absence of extremes of temperature or pH or the use of organic solvents. Use of the matrix type implant was capable of inducing antibody responses equivalent to those induced by conventional vaccination with @entity3 adjuvant ("alum"). The use of the covered rod implants, that release very low levels of antigen over a long period, induced responses that were markedly enhanced over the alum control groups. The covered rod implant also favoured production of both IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes in contrast to responses of matrix-vaccinated @entity0 and conventionally vaccinated control @entity0 in which IgG1 predominated. Prolonged duration of the antibody response was also observed following vaccination with covered rod implants. Dose-response analysis using the matrix implant demonstrated a trend towards improved responses for lower antigen doses. Clostridial vaccination of @entity0 showed that protective antibody titres up to 4-fold higher than for alum-adjuvanted groups could be induced by administering the antigen in the covered rod implant. Responses elicited by all implant groups were dependent on the inclusion of adjuvant into the implant formulation.

title: Injectable XXXX implants as vaccine delivery vehicles.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the imaging features of benign hepatic nodules in @entity0 with @entity4 and to correlate them with pathologic findings, with special attention placed on the presence of a central scar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imaging findings of 59 benign hepatic nodules in four @entity0 with chronic @entity4 were analyzed retrospectively, and radiologic- pathologic correlation was performed in three @entity0 with 50 hepatic nodules who underwent liver transplantation. All @entity0 underwent multiphasic helical CT. In three @entity0 with 29 lesions, MR imaging, including a multiphasic dynamic study, was performed. The CT and MR imaging findings in these @entity0 were compared with those of 103 small @entity2 in 56 other @entity0 (54 of them displayed @entity5 or @entity3 associated with @entity1 but none had @entity4 ). Image analysis was performed by two radiologists with no knowledge of the diagnosis. RESULTS: All @entity0 with @entity4 exhibited multiple benign nodules up to 3 cm in diameter, and 42 of 59 lesions were hypervascular. Microscopically, 15 of 32 nodules demonstrated a central scar; moreover, some nodules closely resembled @entity6 . Frequencies of hyperintensity on T1-weighted images (14/29 vs 25/103), hypointensity on T2-weighted images (7/29 vs 1/103), and the presence of a central scar (6/59 vs 1/103) were significantly higher in benign nodules than in @entity2 (p < 0.05; Fisher's exact test). Moreover, for lesions larger than 1 cm, imaging studies revealed a central scar in six of 15 benign lesions. CONCLUSION: Benign hepatic nodules in @entity0 with in @entity4 are usually small, multiple, and hypervascular. The presence of a central scar is a characteristic feature in those larger than 1 cm in diameter.

title: Benign hepatic nodules in XXXX : radiologic-pathologic correlation with emphasis on the central scar.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of @entity3 as an aid in predicting the need for intervention in @entity0 with @entity2 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 with suspected @entity1 were separated into three groups. Group I @entity0 had @entity2 with periampullary lesions (n = 16), group II @entity0 had supraampullary obstructive lesions (n = 17), and group III @entity0 had @entity2 without @entity4 (n = 17). Twenty consecutive single thick-slice MRCP images were obtained in the 15 degrees or 30 degrees left anterior oblique coronal plane. Two radiologists jointly reviewed the images without knowledge of the final diagnosis. The numbers of images showing relaxation of the sphincteric segment and the configuration of the distal margin of the common bile duct for the three groups were compared. RESULTS: Relaxation of the sphincteric segment was observed on the images of only two @entity0 (12%) in group I but on the images of all @entity0 in groups II and III, although not on all images. Lack of visualization of sphincteric relaxation on the kinematic MRCP images had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of periampullary lesions. Most @entity0 whose images did not show sphincteric relaxation required biliary intervention at the sphincter level. CONCLUSION: Nonvisualization of sphincteric relaxation on kinematic MRCP indicates ampullary or periampullary lesions. Kinematic MRCP can be used to determine the necessity of biliary intervention in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Using kinematic MR cholangiopancreatography to evaluate XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hematogenous metastases to skeletal muscles have been reported to be rare. We report eight biopsy-proven cases of skeletal metastases occurring in sites of previously documented skeletal muscle @entity3 . We retrospectively reviewed MR imaging examinations obtained at a large orthopedic surgical oncology service from January 1994 through December 2000 for biopsy-proven metastases to skeletal muscles. Our retrospective review revealed 28 @entity0 with biopsy-proven skeletal muscle metastases. Of these 28 @entity0 , eight had a documented clinical history of previous @entity3 at the site of skeletal @entity1 . Five of these eight @entity0 underwent MR imaging before the development of a @entity1 . MR imaging revealed a @entity4 in three of the five @entity0 and a partial muscle tear in two of the five @entity0 . The @entity4 and @entity2 were in the same skeletal muscle location in which the @entity1 subsequently developed. @entity1 was documented by MR imaging and subsequent biopsy. CONCLUSION: Skeletal @entity2 may alter muscle physiology and result in increased susceptibility to the development of @entity1 at such sites.

title: Skeletal muscle metastases at sites of documented XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. We have studied the effects of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) on action potential propagation in the isolated, desheathed vagus and saphenous nerves of @entity0 using an extracellular grease gap recording method. 2. @entity3 evoked a small depolarization of vagus nerves but had no effect on the stimulation threshold, size or latency of either the A wave (corresponding to conduction in A fibres) or the C wave (corresponding to conduction in C fibres) of the compound action potential (CAP) recorded from either @entity6 . 3. @entity4 (0.01 - 10 mM) reduced all components of the @entity6 . @entity3 had no significant effect on the sensitivity of any component of the CAP to @entity4 . 4. @entity1 ( @entity5 , 10 microM) blocked completely both the A wave and the C wave of the CAP in either @entity6 . 5. In saphenous nerve preparations the A wave was blocked by lower concentrations of @entity5 than the C wave or any component of the CAP in @entity6 which suggests that somatosensory A fibres express a different sub-type of @entity5 -sensitive voltage-gated @entity2 channel (VGSC) than somatosensory C-fibres or visceral sensory fibres. 6. Chemical activation of VGSCs with @entity7 (10 or 50 microM) induced a depolarization in either nerve. The depolarization induced by 50 microM @entity7 was blocked by 10 microM @entity5 . 7. Although @entity5 -insensitive VGSCs are expressed by some vagal and some somatosensory neurones they do not appear to be expressed functionally in the axons.

title: Differential sensitivity to XXXX and lack of effect of @entity3 on the pharmacology and physiology of propagated action potentials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. We have studied the effects of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) on action potential propagation in the isolated, desheathed vagus and saphenous nerves of @entity0 using an extracellular grease gap recording method. 2. @entity3 evoked a small depolarization of vagus nerves but had no effect on the stimulation threshold, size or latency of either the A wave (corresponding to conduction in A fibres) or the C wave (corresponding to conduction in C fibres) of the compound action potential (CAP) recorded from either @entity6 . 3. @entity4 (0.01 - 10 mM) reduced all components of the @entity6 . @entity3 had no significant effect on the sensitivity of any component of the CAP to @entity4 . 4. @entity1 ( @entity5 , 10 microM) blocked completely both the A wave and the C wave of the CAP in either @entity6 . 5. In saphenous nerve preparations the A wave was blocked by lower concentrations of @entity5 than the C wave or any component of the CAP in @entity6 which suggests that somatosensory A fibres express a different sub-type of @entity5 -sensitive voltage-gated @entity2 channel (VGSC) than somatosensory C-fibres or visceral sensory fibres. 6. Chemical activation of VGSCs with @entity7 (10 or 50 microM) induced a depolarization in either nerve. The depolarization induced by 50 microM @entity7 was blocked by 10 microM @entity5 . 7. Although @entity5 -insensitive VGSCs are expressed by some vagal and some somatosensory neurones they do not appear to be expressed functionally in the axons.

title: Differential sensitivity to @entity1 and lack of effect of XXXX on the pharmacology and physiology of propagated action potentials.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 modulates a variety of cell functions such as adhesion, spreading, and migration. Using a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular region of Src homology 2 domain bearing protein @entity1 phosphatase substrate-1 ( @entity4 ) and the Fc portion of @entity0 Ig ( @entity4 -Ig) we investigated the effects of @entity4 as a ligand for @entity3 on B lymphocytes. Although @entity4 -Ig binding to @entity0 B cell lines was solely mediated via @entity3 , their binding capacity for soluble and immobilized @entity4 -Ig varied among cell lines irrespective of the similar expression levels of @entity3 , suggesting that distinctive affinity/avidity states exist during B cell maturation. @entity0 cell line and tonsilar B lymphocytes adhered to immobilized @entity4 -Ig and showed polarization-like morphology. These effects of @entity4 -Ig were blocked by anti- @entity3 mAbs (B6H12 and SE5A5). Wortmannin, a @entity2 -3 kinase inhibitor, but not pertussis toxin significantly inhibited the polarization induced by the immobilized @entity4 -Ig. Thus, @entity4 acts as an adhesive substrate via @entity3 in @entity0 B lymphocyte. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that @entity4 is expressed on high endothelial venule as well as macrophages in @entity0 tonsils. HUVECs also express @entity4 in the absence of any stimuli, and the adhesion of tonsilar B lymphocytes to nonactivated HUVECs was significantly inhibited by SE5A5, indicating that @entity4 / @entity3 interaction is involved in the adhesion. Our findings suggest that @entity4 / @entity3 interaction may contribute to the recruitment of B lymphocytes via endothelial cells under steady state conditions.

title: Interaction between Src homology 2 domain bearing protein XXXX phosphatase substrate-1 and @entity3 mediates the adhesion of @entity0 B lymphocytes to nonactivated endothelial cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 modulates a variety of cell functions such as adhesion, spreading, and migration. Using a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular region of Src homology 2 domain bearing protein @entity1 phosphatase substrate-1 ( @entity4 ) and the Fc portion of @entity0 Ig ( @entity4 -Ig) we investigated the effects of @entity4 as a ligand for @entity3 on B lymphocytes. Although @entity4 -Ig binding to @entity0 B cell lines was solely mediated via @entity3 , their binding capacity for soluble and immobilized @entity4 -Ig varied among cell lines irrespective of the similar expression levels of @entity3 , suggesting that distinctive affinity/avidity states exist during B cell maturation. @entity0 cell line and tonsilar B lymphocytes adhered to immobilized @entity4 -Ig and showed polarization-like morphology. These effects of @entity4 -Ig were blocked by anti- @entity3 mAbs (B6H12 and SE5A5). Wortmannin, a @entity2 -3 kinase inhibitor, but not pertussis toxin significantly inhibited the polarization induced by the immobilized @entity4 -Ig. Thus, @entity4 acts as an adhesive substrate via @entity3 in @entity0 B lymphocyte. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that @entity4 is expressed on high endothelial venule as well as macrophages in @entity0 tonsils. HUVECs also express @entity4 in the absence of any stimuli, and the adhesion of tonsilar B lymphocytes to nonactivated HUVECs was significantly inhibited by SE5A5, indicating that @entity4 / @entity3 interaction is involved in the adhesion. Our findings suggest that @entity4 / @entity3 interaction may contribute to the recruitment of B lymphocytes via endothelial cells under steady state conditions.

title: Interaction between Src homology 2 domain bearing protein @entity1 phosphatase substrate-1 and XXXX mediates the adhesion of @entity0 B lymphocytes to nonactivated endothelial cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 modulates a variety of cell functions such as adhesion, spreading, and migration. Using a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular region of Src homology 2 domain bearing protein @entity1 phosphatase substrate-1 ( @entity4 ) and the Fc portion of @entity0 Ig ( @entity4 -Ig) we investigated the effects of @entity4 as a ligand for @entity3 on B lymphocytes. Although @entity4 -Ig binding to @entity0 B cell lines was solely mediated via @entity3 , their binding capacity for soluble and immobilized @entity4 -Ig varied among cell lines irrespective of the similar expression levels of @entity3 , suggesting that distinctive affinity/avidity states exist during B cell maturation. @entity0 cell line and tonsilar B lymphocytes adhered to immobilized @entity4 -Ig and showed polarization-like morphology. These effects of @entity4 -Ig were blocked by anti- @entity3 mAbs (B6H12 and SE5A5). Wortmannin, a @entity2 -3 kinase inhibitor, but not pertussis toxin significantly inhibited the polarization induced by the immobilized @entity4 -Ig. Thus, @entity4 acts as an adhesive substrate via @entity3 in @entity0 B lymphocyte. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that @entity4 is expressed on high endothelial venule as well as macrophages in @entity0 tonsils. HUVECs also express @entity4 in the absence of any stimuli, and the adhesion of tonsilar B lymphocytes to nonactivated HUVECs was significantly inhibited by SE5A5, indicating that @entity4 / @entity3 interaction is involved in the adhesion. Our findings suggest that @entity4 / @entity3 interaction may contribute to the recruitment of B lymphocytes via endothelial cells under steady state conditions.

title: Interaction between Src homology 2 domain bearing protein @entity1 phosphatase substrate-1 and @entity3 mediates the adhesion of XXXX B lymphocytes to nonactivated endothelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 , one of the most common @entity1 , is a major public health issue. Despite more than 20 approved @entity4 ( @entity4 ), about 30% of @entity0 are refractory to treatment. An important characteristic of pharmacoresistant @entity2 is that most @entity0 with @entity2 are resistant to several, if not all, @entity4 , even though these drugs act by different mechanisms. This argues against @entity2 -induced alterations in specific drug targets as a major cause of pharmacoresistant @entity2 , but rather points to nonspecific and possibly adaptive mechanisms, such as decreased drug uptake into the brain by intrinsic or acquired over-expression of multidrug transporters in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). There is accumulating evidence demonstrating that multidrug transporters such as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and members of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) family are over-expressed in capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes in epileptogenic brain tissue surgically resected from @entity0 with medically intractable @entity2 . @entity5 and MRPs in the BBB are thought to act as an active defense mechanism, restricting the penetration of lipophilic substances into the brain. A large variety of compounds, including many lipophilic drugs, are substrates for either @entity5 or MRPs or both. It is thus not astonishing that several @entity4 , which have been made lipophilic to penetrate into the brain, seem to be substrates for multidrug transporters in the BBB. Over-expression of such transporters in epileptogenic tissue is thus likely to reduce the amount of drug that reaches the @entity3 , which would be a likely explanation for pharmacoresistance. @entity5 and MRPs can be blocked by specific inhibitors, which raises the option to use such inhibitors as adjunctive treatment for medically @entity2 . However, although over-expression of multidrug transporters is a novel and reasonable hypothesis to explain multidrug resistance in @entity2 , further studies are needed to establish this concept. Furthermore, there are certainly other mechanisms of pharmacoresistance that need to be identified.

title: Role of multidrug transporters in pharmacoresistance to XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The role of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in lipid mobilization and blood flow was investigated in situ using microdialysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue in severely @entity0 subjects. The lipolysis rate was assessed by determination of interstitial @entity1 concentration. The alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist @entity7 caused an increase in @entity1 level in adipose tissue that was similar to that observed with the physiologic alpha(1,2)- @entity5 agonist @entity2 , whereas the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity6 showed no effect on basal lipolysis rate. However, the enhanced @entity1 concentration due to @entity7 and @entity2 was suppressed in the presence of @entity6 . The beta-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity4 showed no effect on @entity7 -stimulated @entity1 outflow. Blood flow was assessed using the @entity3 escape technique. Perfusion with @entity7 decreased blood flow, whereas @entity6 enhanced blood flow significantly. Despite the increase in blood flow, the basal interstitial @entity1 concentration remained unchanged. Although @entity7 at high concentrations could inhibit the @entity6 -induced increase in blood flow, the @entity7 -induced @entity1 output was not affected. These results demonstrate that alpha(1)-adrenoceptors are involved in regulation of lipolysis rate and microcirculation of adipose tissue. However, the observed changes in local blood flow were not related to @entity1 output.

title: In vivo alpha(1)-adrenergic lipolytic activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue of XXXX subjects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents may cause relevant small bowel and colonic side effects, apart from @entity2 . The synthesis of selective @entity9 ( @entity9 ) inhibitors has been an important breakthrough in antiinflammatory therapy by decreasing the incidence of @entity6 . However, there is little information available concerning their effects on gut mucosa distally to the duodenum. A case history is described of a 52-year-old @entity0 with a temporary colostomy after resection of a sigmoid @entity1 and who presented with bloody @entity5 5 days after beginning therapy with @entity10 . The @entity7 had its origin in the transverse colon, and the endoscopic appearance was that of actively @entity7 acute @entity7 . No other @entity8 were detected, nor was there any evidence of related @entity4 , @entity7 diathesis, or other @entity3 . On discontinuing @entity10 and instituting parenteral rehydration, the @entity7 and @entity5 stopped. Endoscopic follow-up revealed regenerating mucosa in the transverse colon. The time relation, the absence of other causes of @entity7 , and the clinical evolution all strongly support the probability of a causal relation between @entity10 and @entity7 . This case may raise awareness concerning the possibility of @entity8 related to the new @entity9 inhibitors, similar to what is known about nonselective antiinflammatory agents.

title: XXXX : a possible cause of acute colitis.

answer: @entity10


abstract: PURPOSE: A recent outcome study of Randot stereopsis in @entity1 reported early surgical alignment is associated with a higher percentage of @entity0 with stereopsis and a higher quality of stereopsis because early surgery minimized the duration of misalignment. We compared the Titmus stereopsis with the duration of misalignment and the age of alignment for a group of @entity0 who were surgically aligned by 24 months of age. METHODS: The data previously obtained in a study of 90 @entity0 aligned by 2 years of age, examined in a masked, independent evaluation for binocularity was analyzed. The age of alignment and duration of misalignment was correlated with the percentage of @entity0 with stereopsis and quality of the stereopsis result as determined by the Titmus vectograph overlay. RESULTS: @entity0 aligned by 6 or 12 months of age or within 6 or 12 months of duration of misalignment did not differ in percentage with stereopsis. However, @entity0 aligned after 12 months of age did show a decrease percentage with stereopsis (P <.05, power 0.8). The quality of the stereopsis that was established was similar for those aligned by 6 or 12 months (P >.05, power 0.8). The quality of stereopsis, however, was decreased for @entity0 with duration of misalignment greater than 12 months (P <.001, power 0.8). CONCLUSION: Alignment within 1 year of age or within 12 months of misalignment favorably affects the percentage of @entity0 who develop stereopsis in the treatment of @entity1 . The quality of the stereopsis result is affected by the duration of the misalignment, rather, than the age of alignment per se.

title: Outcome study of stereopsis in relation to duration of misalignment in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We conducted this retrospective, cohort study to evaluate the quality of @entity0 care and procedure use in the medical care unit (MICU) following reorganisation and staffing by an intensivist. Consecutive admissions to an adult MICU in a university affiliated hospital during two 3-month periods, August to October 1993 (Period 1, n = 112) and January to March 1994 ( @entity1 , n = 127) were analysed. In Period 1, the MICU was run under the open system in which @entity0 care was provided by the individual attending physicians. In @entity1 , a resident MICU team led by a trained intensivist took over the medical care from the primary physicians when the @entity0 were admitted to the MICU. The intensivist also vetted MICU admission and decided on MICU discharge. In addition, there was a resident respiratory therapist to attend to ventilatory care during office hours. After office hours, the care of the MICU was delegated to the on-call team on a rotational basis among the medical departments. This was the semi-closed ICU model. The @entity0 in the two periods were similar with respect to age, sex, race, source of admission and APACHE II scores. There was improvement in the median ICU length of stay for survivors from 3 days in Period 1, to 2 days in @entity1 (P = 0.0114). The relative risk of ICU death in Period 1 compared to @entity1 was 1.23 (P = 0.286). There was no significant difference in the use of peritoneal dialysis (5.4% versus 6.3%) and mechanical ventilation (55.4% versus 49.6%). However, utilisation of intra-arterial lines and pulmonary artery catheters increased from 0% in both @entity1 to 23.6% and 5.5%, respectively. Reorganisation of the MICU in @entity1 resulted in reduced length of MICU stay for survivors. Hence, we believe that coverage by a dedicated ICU team and active respiratory care by a respiratory therapist during office hours were beneficial for the care of the critically ill. There was also a noticeable increase in the use of invasive monitoring.

title: Impact on quality of XXXX care and procedure use in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) following reorganisation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 typically affects @entity0 ; much less is known about the disease in adults. We examined the clinical characteristics and the role of surgery in spontaneous @entity5 in adults. METHODS: Twenty-nine consecutive adult @entity0 (16 @entity0 , 13 @entity0 ) with spontaneous @entity5 were treated by a single surgeon (MJE) over a 5-year period. These @entity0 were compared to 19 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 over the same time period. Mean follow-up was 2.4 years. RESULTS: The average age of @entity0 with spontaneous @entity5 was 69.0 years. Eleven of these @entity0 (38%) were @entity1 and 9 (31%) had a known concurrent @entity4 . @entity4 occurred at cervical (10%), @entity6 (34%), and lumbar interspaces (59%), and at multiple disc spaces in eight cases (28%). Ten @entity0 (34%) had an elevated serum leukocyte count and 21 @entity0 (72%) had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. While Gram-positive @entity4 was most common, a broad spectrum of microbes was isolated. All @entity0 were treated with i.v. antibiotics for a mean duration of 6 weeks. Four @entity0 required surgical fusion; the rest were treated with external immobilization. At follow-up, 21 @entity0 (72%) were symptom-free, 3 @entity0 (10%) had @entity2 , and 5 @entity0 (17%) had died of unrelated causes. Compared to @entity0 with @entity3 treated over the same time period, spontaneous @entity5 in adults affected older @entity0 and required a broader spectrum of antibiotic coverage. Outcomes were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: While spontaneous @entity5 has predominantly been reported in @entity0 , the disease also affects older adults. @entity5 in adults is associated with advanced age, @entity1 , and @entity4 . Elevated serum leukocyte count lacks diagnostic sensitivity. A high cure rate is achieved with antibiotics and external immobilization. Surgical treatment is rarely required.

title: Spontaneous disc space XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effectiveness of granulocyte and @entity4 and @entity6 ) in the treatment of @entity1 @entity0 remains controversial. To assess their role in this condition, we conducted a systematic review of randomised trials published as full papers. A methodological evaluation using a specifically designed quality scale was performed before meta-analysis. Eleven trials were eligible, 8 of which were meta-analysable. The median quality score for the 11 pooled trials was 58.3% (range: 33.3%-68.8%). No significant quality difference was observed between positive (colony-stimulating factor more effective) and negative trials ( P=0.36). No quality difference was observed between the 8 meta-analysable studies and the 3 others, with respective median scores of 59.3% and 50%. No advantage was detected for the use of CSF in terms of mortality from @entity5 , with a relative risk of 0.71 (95% CI 0.44-1.15). The relative risk was 0.66 (95% CI 0.39-1.13) in the @entity4 subgroup and 0.97 (95% CI 0.34-2.79) in the @entity6 subgroup. Aggregation of the results on infection-related mortality, length of stay in hospital, @entity3 and of @entity5 duration, antibiotic therapy adaptation and duration, superinfection rate and @entity2 was not possible owing to the lack of adequate data in the publications. On the basis of this review, we cannot recommend the routine use of @entity4 or @entity6 in established @entity5 .

title: Therapeutic use of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in XXXX @entity0 . A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effectiveness of granulocyte and @entity4 and @entity6 ) in the treatment of @entity1 @entity0 remains controversial. To assess their role in this condition, we conducted a systematic review of randomised trials published as full papers. A methodological evaluation using a specifically designed quality scale was performed before meta-analysis. Eleven trials were eligible, 8 of which were meta-analysable. The median quality score for the 11 pooled trials was 58.3% (range: 33.3%-68.8%). No significant quality difference was observed between positive (colony-stimulating factor more effective) and negative trials ( P=0.36). No quality difference was observed between the 8 meta-analysable studies and the 3 others, with respective median scores of 59.3% and 50%. No advantage was detected for the use of CSF in terms of mortality from @entity5 , with a relative risk of 0.71 (95% CI 0.44-1.15). The relative risk was 0.66 (95% CI 0.39-1.13) in the @entity4 subgroup and 0.97 (95% CI 0.34-2.79) in the @entity6 subgroup. Aggregation of the results on infection-related mortality, length of stay in hospital, @entity3 and of @entity5 duration, antibiotic therapy adaptation and duration, superinfection rate and @entity2 was not possible owing to the lack of adequate data in the publications. On the basis of this review, we cannot recommend the routine use of @entity4 or @entity6 in established @entity5 .

title: Therapeutic use of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in @entity1 XXXX . A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Ricin toxin, found in the bean of the castor plant, is one of the most toxic and easily produced plant toxin. It is composed of two polypeptide chains linked by a @entity9 bond. The toxin irreversibly blocks protein synthesis. Oral intoxication is the most frequent mode of exposure, but direct contact and inhalation have also been described. A single intramuscular exposure was reported, related to an assassination event in 1978. The clinical signs of intoxication begin hours after the exposure, and include @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity6 and @entity3 . Treatment is mainly supportive. A vaccine has been developed and found effective in animal studies. Ricin may be used as a biological weapon due to its heat stability and worldwide availability. A more friendly use, which has been tested in clinical trials, is the incorporation of ricin-immunotoxin for the treatment of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: [Ricin--from a Bulgarian umbrella to an optional treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to assess the association of childhood @entity2 with parental employment and welfare receipt, which has not been studied. METHOD: We analyzed cross-sectional data on 13 371 @entity0 younger than 18 from the 1997 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative stratified probability sample of the US noninstitutionalized population. Single-parent (n=3,907) and 2-parent families (n=9,464) were analyzed separately. Families with @entity0 younger than 6 and families with incomes below the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were also analyzed separately. The main outcome measures were full-time parental employment and welfare receipt. RESULTS: Compared to single parents of nonasthmatic @entity0 younger than 6, single parents of young @entity0 with @entity2 were more likely to be employed less than full time (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.2). This relationship was also evident among single-parent families with incomes below @entity1 (adjusted OR 2.8, 95% CI, 1.2-6.5). Parental employment among 2-parent families with young @entity0 was similar regardless of @entity0 's @entity2 status. Two-parent families with young @entity3 @entity0 were more likely to have received welfare for at least 1 parent (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI, 1.5-4.6). Single-parent families of @entity3 @entity0 were also more likely to have received welfare (adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1-1.7). CONCLUSION: @entity0 's @entity2 is associated with reduced parental employment among single parents and increased welfare receipt among single- and 2-parent families. These associations with @entity0 's @entity2 may have implications for policy makers interested in increasing employment and decreasing welfare

title: The association of childhood XXXX with parental employment and welfare receipt.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Catheter ablation for the treatment of @entity4 has evolved dramatically over the past two decades. Researchers have investigated alternative energy sources and catheter constructs to improve the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation. This study tested the hypothesis that a new prototype cooled-tip laser catheter used with a low-power diode laser would improve catheter ablation of @entity5 . Four mongrel @entity1 underwent a median sternotomy. The cooled-tip laser catheter was advanced into the left ventricle via the left carotid artery and positioned adjacent to the endocardium. Laser powers of 3 and 4 W were delivered at four exposure times to select areas of the endocardium. During application of laser energy, room-temperature saline was circulated through the catheter. At necropsy the hearts were examined and fixed in @entity2 for histologic examination. Gross examination of the endocardial surfaces showed no indication of crater or @entity3 formation. Cross-section of the lesions revealed sharply demarcated, circular-shaped areas of coagulative @entity0 extending into the mid-myocardium. Areas of coagulative @entity0 were identified within the myocardium extending into the mid-myocardium and occasionally the subepicardium. A sharp line of demarcation was observed between the lesions and the surrounding normal myocardium. The results of this study showed that we could use surface cooling during slow laser heating to create large subsurface lesions with characteristics appropriate for treatment of @entity5 and little to no surface damage. We believe our catheter system addresses many of the previous issues with laser-based approaches.

title: Cooled-tip diode laser catheter for improved catheter ablation of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: There is evidence that early environmental conditions have profound effects on the morphology of the dentate granule cells. The aim of the present study was to obtain information about the effects of early environment on neuron morphology in the hippocampal field @entity4 , a structure closely linked to the dentate gyrus. The dendritic trees and the somata of field CA3a pyramidal neurons were quantified in Golgi-stained brains of @entity2 of both sexes raised in either a social or an isolated environment. Two pyramidal neuron types were found in CA3a, characterized by either a long or a short shaft. Environment affected the apical tree of the long-shaft neurons only in males and that of the short-shaft neurons in both sexes. In isolated males the long-shaft neurons had a decrease in the number of dendritic intersections (62-82%), branching points (76%) and length (71%) in the middle third of the apical tree. The short-shaft neurons had a decrease in the number of intersections at two distal levels only in both isolated males (26, 83%) and females (77, 82%). The shaft spine density was affected by environment in the long-shaft neurons of males only, with a density increase (110%) in isolated males. In both sexes the basal tree of only the long-shaft neurons was affected by environment. Isolated males had a decrease in the number of dendritic intersections (65-88%), primary dendrites (80%) and @entity3 (88%) and isolated females had a decrease in the number of intersections (51-89%), branching points (77%) and @entity3 (85%). The soma major axis of only the long-shaft neurons was affected by environment with a reduction in isolated males (90%) but an increase in isolated females (111%). These results demonstrate @entity1 following early isolation and a different reactivity to environment of the two CA3a pyramidal neuron types, their apical and basal trees and the two sexes. The @entity0 of CA3a neurons caused by isolation is likely to be associated with an impairment in the physiology of the hippocampal formation and in the forms of memory in which the hippocampal formation plays a major role.

title: Effects of early environment on field CA3a pyramidal neuron morphology in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Veterans Administration-HDL Intervention Trial is an ongoing, 20-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aiming to assess the effect of @entity11 -improved low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels on @entity3 and mortality rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eligible @entity0 were @entity0 with low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels and demonstrable @entity7 . A total of 2531 @entity0 (average age 63.5 years) were randomly assigned in this study, with a mean high-density lipoprotein @entity6 level of 0.83 mmol/L (32 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein @entity6 level of 2.87 mmol/L (111 mg/dL). Baseline data provided the opportunity to assess the interaction of several @entity7 risk factors and comorbid @entity8 . Of these @entity0 , 206 had @entity1 ( @entity1 ) alone, 1021 had @entity5 ( @entity5 ) alone, 421 had both @entity1 and @entity5 , and 883 had neither ("others"). Considering the influence of these risk factors on comorbidities independent of smoking status, @entity0 with @entity1 alone had a 2-fold increase in the prevalence of @entity10 and a 1.5-fold increase in @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity5 had a significant increase in the prevalence of @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity1 had a significant increase in all comorbidities. Smoking resulted in substantial increase of both @entity10 and @entity4 . Compared with nonsmoking @entity0 with no @entity1 or @entity5 , @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 and smoking had a 3-fold increase in the prevalence of @entity10 and a 3.5-fold increase in @entity4 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 is a strong correlate of @entity10 , @entity5 of @entity4 , and that there is a strong additive effect between @entity1 , @entity5 , and smoking on both.

title: Influence of risk factors on peripheral and XXXX in @entity0 with coronary artery disease, low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels, and desirable low-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels. HIT Investigators. Department of Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Veterans Administration-HDL Intervention Trial is an ongoing, 20-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aiming to assess the effect of @entity11 -improved low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels on @entity3 and mortality rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eligible @entity0 were @entity0 with low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels and demonstrable @entity7 . A total of 2531 @entity0 (average age 63.5 years) were randomly assigned in this study, with a mean high-density lipoprotein @entity6 level of 0.83 mmol/L (32 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein @entity6 level of 2.87 mmol/L (111 mg/dL). Baseline data provided the opportunity to assess the interaction of several @entity7 risk factors and comorbid @entity8 . Of these @entity0 , 206 had @entity1 ( @entity1 ) alone, 1021 had @entity5 ( @entity5 ) alone, 421 had both @entity1 and @entity5 , and 883 had neither ("others"). Considering the influence of these risk factors on comorbidities independent of smoking status, @entity0 with @entity1 alone had a 2-fold increase in the prevalence of @entity10 and a 1.5-fold increase in @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity5 had a significant increase in the prevalence of @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity1 had a significant increase in all comorbidities. Smoking resulted in substantial increase of both @entity10 and @entity4 . Compared with nonsmoking @entity0 with no @entity1 or @entity5 , @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 and smoking had a 3-fold increase in the prevalence of @entity10 and a 3.5-fold increase in @entity4 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 is a strong correlate of @entity10 , @entity5 of @entity4 , and that there is a strong additive effect between @entity1 , @entity5 , and smoking on both.

title: Influence of risk factors on peripheral and @entity4 in @entity0 with coronary artery disease, low high-density lipoprotein XXXX levels, and desirable low-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels. HIT Investigators. Department of Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Veterans Administration-HDL Intervention Trial is an ongoing, 20-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aiming to assess the effect of @entity11 -improved low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels on @entity3 and mortality rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eligible @entity0 were @entity0 with low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels and demonstrable @entity7 . A total of 2531 @entity0 (average age 63.5 years) were randomly assigned in this study, with a mean high-density lipoprotein @entity6 level of 0.83 mmol/L (32 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein @entity6 level of 2.87 mmol/L (111 mg/dL). Baseline data provided the opportunity to assess the interaction of several @entity7 risk factors and comorbid @entity8 . Of these @entity0 , 206 had @entity1 ( @entity1 ) alone, 1021 had @entity5 ( @entity5 ) alone, 421 had both @entity1 and @entity5 , and 883 had neither ("others"). Considering the influence of these risk factors on comorbidities independent of smoking status, @entity0 with @entity1 alone had a 2-fold increase in the prevalence of @entity10 and a 1.5-fold increase in @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity5 had a significant increase in the prevalence of @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity1 had a significant increase in all comorbidities. Smoking resulted in substantial increase of both @entity10 and @entity4 . Compared with nonsmoking @entity0 with no @entity1 or @entity5 , @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 and smoking had a 3-fold increase in the prevalence of @entity10 and a 3.5-fold increase in @entity4 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 is a strong correlate of @entity10 , @entity5 of @entity4 , and that there is a strong additive effect between @entity1 , @entity5 , and smoking on both.

title: Influence of risk factors on peripheral and @entity4 in @entity0 with coronary artery disease, low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels, and desirable low-density lipoprotein XXXX levels. HIT Investigators. Department of Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Veterans Administration-HDL Intervention Trial is an ongoing, 20-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aiming to assess the effect of @entity11 -improved low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels on @entity3 and mortality rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eligible @entity0 were @entity0 with low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels and demonstrable @entity7 . A total of 2531 @entity0 (average age 63.5 years) were randomly assigned in this study, with a mean high-density lipoprotein @entity6 level of 0.83 mmol/L (32 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein @entity6 level of 2.87 mmol/L (111 mg/dL). Baseline data provided the opportunity to assess the interaction of several @entity7 risk factors and comorbid @entity8 . Of these @entity0 , 206 had @entity1 ( @entity1 ) alone, 1021 had @entity5 ( @entity5 ) alone, 421 had both @entity1 and @entity5 , and 883 had neither ("others"). Considering the influence of these risk factors on comorbidities independent of smoking status, @entity0 with @entity1 alone had a 2-fold increase in the prevalence of @entity10 and a 1.5-fold increase in @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity5 had a significant increase in the prevalence of @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity1 had a significant increase in all comorbidities. Smoking resulted in substantial increase of both @entity10 and @entity4 . Compared with nonsmoking @entity0 with no @entity1 or @entity5 , @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 and smoking had a 3-fold increase in the prevalence of @entity10 and a 3.5-fold increase in @entity4 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 is a strong correlate of @entity10 , @entity5 of @entity4 , and that there is a strong additive effect between @entity1 , @entity5 , and smoking on both.

title: Influence of risk factors on peripheral and @entity4 in XXXX with coronary artery disease, low high-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels, and desirable low-density lipoprotein @entity6 levels. HIT Investigators. Department of Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two monoclonal antibodies to cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage were established using a @entity0 glial cell-rich fraction as the immunogen. The antibodies, named @entity5 and @entity6 , were originally found to react with perivascular cells of the central nervous system. They are immunohistochemically applicable on routinely @entity1 -fixed, @entity2 -embedded tissue sections. @entity5 binds to a lysosomal protein, and @entity6 to a @entity4 epitope of the cell membrane and lysosomes. Among the visceral organs, @entity5 labeled blood monocytes, almost all kinds of tissue and infiltrating macrophages in both normal and diseased states, and renal tubules. @entity5 staining of tissue macrophages tends to be intensified under inflammatory conditions. @entity5 staining also suggested that perivascular cells and macrophages had different ontogeny. @entity6 immunostained monocytes, Kupffer's cells, red pulp macrophages, infiltrating macrophages and reactive microglia, but not alveolar or tingible body macrophages. Besides those macrophages, @entity6 stained mantle zone lymphocytes, some hematopoietic cells, pneumocytes and renal collecting ducts. The staining pattern of ligands on @entity3 and HL-60 neoplastic @entity0 macrophage cell lines was dissimilar to that of other macrophage markers, suggesting that they recognize unknown macrophage-related antigens.

title: Immunohistochemical characterization of two novel monoclonal antibodies that recognize XXXX perivascular cells of the central nervous system and macrophage subsets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 32-year-old female presented with a 2-year history of fluctuating generalized weakness including extraocular, bulbar, and limb muscles, suggesting @entity4 , but with poor response to @entity5 and unusual electromyographic findings. After rest, power increased on repeated maximal contractions, followed by progressive weakness. There were decremental responses at low-frequency stimulation, but incremental responses at high frequencies, and single stimuli evoked repetitive compound muscle action potentials. Plasmapheresis was ineffective. In a conventional assay, antibodies against @entity3 receptors (AChRs) were borderline. However, in an assay using cells expressing mainly adult-type @entity0 AChRs, the patient's serum was positive. Thymectomy revealed a hyperplastic thymus. An intercostal muscle specimen revealed small miniature end-plate potentials, 0.22+/-0.02 mV instead of 0.56+/-0.05 mV in controls. The number of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites was normal. The decay time constant of end-plate potentials was increased from 5.3+/-0.6 msec in controls to 23+/-3.6 msec in the @entity0 . Ultrastructurally, there was no destruction of the end plate. Transfer of the @entity0 's plasma to @entity1 in vivo produced similar physiological changes in their diaphragms. We conclude that the @entity0 has an immune-mediated disorder, in which an antibody specific to the adult form of the AChRs alters the channel properties, reducing total current and slowing the closure. We propose the name "acquired @entity2 " for this variant of @entity4 .

title: Acquired @entity2 : a form of XXXX with prolonged open time of the @entity3 receptor channel.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 32-year-old female presented with a 2-year history of fluctuating generalized weakness including extraocular, bulbar, and limb muscles, suggesting @entity4 , but with poor response to @entity5 and unusual electromyographic findings. After rest, power increased on repeated maximal contractions, followed by progressive weakness. There were decremental responses at low-frequency stimulation, but incremental responses at high frequencies, and single stimuli evoked repetitive compound muscle action potentials. Plasmapheresis was ineffective. In a conventional assay, antibodies against @entity3 receptors (AChRs) were borderline. However, in an assay using cells expressing mainly adult-type @entity0 AChRs, the patient's serum was positive. Thymectomy revealed a hyperplastic thymus. An intercostal muscle specimen revealed small miniature end-plate potentials, 0.22+/-0.02 mV instead of 0.56+/-0.05 mV in controls. The number of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites was normal. The decay time constant of end-plate potentials was increased from 5.3+/-0.6 msec in controls to 23+/-3.6 msec in the @entity0 . Ultrastructurally, there was no destruction of the end plate. Transfer of the @entity0 's plasma to @entity1 in vivo produced similar physiological changes in their diaphragms. We conclude that the @entity0 has an immune-mediated disorder, in which an antibody specific to the adult form of the AChRs alters the channel properties, reducing total current and slowing the closure. We propose the name "acquired @entity2 " for this variant of @entity4 .

title: Acquired @entity2 : a form of @entity4 with prolonged open time of the XXXX receptor channel.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 32-year-old female presented with a 2-year history of fluctuating generalized weakness including extraocular, bulbar, and limb muscles, suggesting @entity4 , but with poor response to @entity5 and unusual electromyographic findings. After rest, power increased on repeated maximal contractions, followed by progressive weakness. There were decremental responses at low-frequency stimulation, but incremental responses at high frequencies, and single stimuli evoked repetitive compound muscle action potentials. Plasmapheresis was ineffective. In a conventional assay, antibodies against @entity3 receptors (AChRs) were borderline. However, in an assay using cells expressing mainly adult-type @entity0 AChRs, the patient's serum was positive. Thymectomy revealed a hyperplastic thymus. An intercostal muscle specimen revealed small miniature end-plate potentials, 0.22+/-0.02 mV instead of 0.56+/-0.05 mV in controls. The number of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites was normal. The decay time constant of end-plate potentials was increased from 5.3+/-0.6 msec in controls to 23+/-3.6 msec in the @entity0 . Ultrastructurally, there was no destruction of the end plate. Transfer of the @entity0 's plasma to @entity1 in vivo produced similar physiological changes in their diaphragms. We conclude that the @entity0 has an immune-mediated disorder, in which an antibody specific to the adult form of the AChRs alters the channel properties, reducing total current and slowing the closure. We propose the name "acquired @entity2 " for this variant of @entity4 .

title: Acquired XXXX : a form of @entity4 with prolonged open time of the @entity3 receptor channel.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study describes the technique and efficacy of split calvarial graft cranioplasty for the reconstruction of retrosigmoid/ @entity3 following surgery for @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of the technique of split calvarial graft cranioplasty, its postoperative healing, and incidence of @entity2 . METHODS: The technique requires splitting of the craniotomy bone flap into outer and inner table bone grafts. The combination of both bony grafts allows the coverage of a wider area of posterior fossa dura. This technique was used in 18 @entity0 . All @entity0 were followed for a minimum of 6 months. Eleven of 18 @entity0 were followed for 1 year or longer. Four @entity0 had three-dimensional computed tomography of their skull and area of split calvarial bone graft. RESULTS: One of 18 @entity0 had a persistent disabling @entity1 at 1 year postoperatively. A natural contour of the retrosigmoid area was achieved in all @entity0 . Three-dimensional computed tomography scan, obtained 6 months postoperatively, showed total coverage of the retrosigmoid area and fusion of the bone flap to the surrounding skull. CONCLUSION: The technique of split calvarial grafting of posterior fossa defects is a feasible, safe, and effective way of separating the nuchal musculature and posterior fossa dura. The technique also allows the restoration of the contour and bony covering of the retrosigmoid area. The technique is a simple alternative to other types of cranioplasties aimed at reducing the incidence of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Split calvarial graft cranioplasty for the prevention of @entity1 after retrosigmoid resection of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study describes the technique and efficacy of split calvarial graft cranioplasty for the reconstruction of retrosigmoid/ @entity3 following surgery for @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of the technique of split calvarial graft cranioplasty, its postoperative healing, and incidence of @entity2 . METHODS: The technique requires splitting of the craniotomy bone flap into outer and inner table bone grafts. The combination of both bony grafts allows the coverage of a wider area of posterior fossa dura. This technique was used in 18 @entity0 . All @entity0 were followed for a minimum of 6 months. Eleven of 18 @entity0 were followed for 1 year or longer. Four @entity0 had three-dimensional computed tomography of their skull and area of split calvarial bone graft. RESULTS: One of 18 @entity0 had a persistent disabling @entity1 at 1 year postoperatively. A natural contour of the retrosigmoid area was achieved in all @entity0 . Three-dimensional computed tomography scan, obtained 6 months postoperatively, showed total coverage of the retrosigmoid area and fusion of the bone flap to the surrounding skull. CONCLUSION: The technique of split calvarial grafting of posterior fossa defects is a feasible, safe, and effective way of separating the nuchal musculature and posterior fossa dura. The technique also allows the restoration of the contour and bony covering of the retrosigmoid area. The technique is a simple alternative to other types of cranioplasties aimed at reducing the incidence of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Split calvarial graft cranioplasty for the prevention of XXXX after retrosigmoid resection of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1