abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) on postoperative outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHOD: This prospective study compared clinical and functional outcomes of @entity0 with and without preoperative 3D-EAUS examination 1  year after @entity2 surgery. @entity0 were prospectively followed and evaluated by a standardized protocol including physical examination, the Wexner Incontinence Score (WIS) and anorectal manometry, at baseline and 1  year after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 196 @entity0 were enrolled. There were no significant differences in demographic and operative parameters, except for operation time, between the two groups. At 1  year follow-up, the overall recurrence rates were 8.8% (9/102) in the 3D-EAUS group and 13.8% (13/94) in the examination under anaesthesia (EUA) group. In the subgroup of @entity0 with complex fistulae, the recurrence rate was numerically lower in the 3D-EAUS group (12.8% vs 22.5%; P  =  0.26). The WIS in the EUA group significantly worsened (0.35      0.94 vs 1.07      1.59; P  =  0.003) with a decreased the number of fully continent @entity0 (82.5% vs 55%; P  =  0.008) while neither the WIS nor the proportion of fully continent @entity0 changed in the 3D-EAUS group. Fewer @entity0 in the 3D-EAUS group developed @entity1 postoperatively (6.7% vs 33.3%; P  =  0.012) and they had better maximum resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure than the EUA group. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative use of 3D-EAUS had a favourable impact on the outcome of surgical treatment for anal fistulae, especially in those with @entity2 . It should be routinely used in the clinical setting.

title: Impact of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound on the outcome of XXXX surgery: a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To replicate recent findings indicating that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) surgery will substantially reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events among @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: A time-stratified, propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted to assess the incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a UK general population. The study population included individuals ages >= 50 years who had a UK National Health Service READ code diagnosis of @entity5 (to evaluate TKA) or @entity1 (to evaluate @entity3 ) between January 2000 and December 2012. RESULTS: Among the @entity0 who underwent TKA and their matched non-TKA control subjects (each n   = 13,849), 306 @entity0 and 286 control subjects developed @entity4 during the followup. During the first postoperative month, the risk of @entity4 was substantially increased among the TKA group compared with the non-TKA group (hazard ratio [HR] 8.75, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.11-24.62), and then gradually declined during the subsequent followup. The HR for the risk of @entity4 over the entire followup was 0.98 (95% CI 0.82-1.18). The corresponding HRs for the risk of @entity4 in those who had undergone @entity3 compared with the non- @entity3 group (each n   =   6,063) were 4.33 (95% CI 1.24-15.21) in the first postoperative month and 0.87 (95% CI 0.66-1.15) overall. In analyses using @entity6 as a positive control outcome, both the first month and overall HRs for the risk of @entity6 were substantially increased in both the TKA and @entity3 groups. CONCLUSION: These findings provide the first general population-based evidence to indicate that TKA and @entity3 among @entity2 @entity0 are associated with a substantially increased risk of @entity4 during the immediate postoperative period. However, the overall long-term impact of these surgeries was null, unlike the risk of @entity6 , which remained elevated years after @entity0 had undergone the procedure.

title: Total joint arthroplasty and the risk of XXXX : a general population, propensity score-matched cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: Several psychosocial factors have been shown to increase the risk of @entity1 . This study investigated the association between structural social support and incidence of @entity1 in @entity0 and @entity0 . METHODS: Data were derived from three population-based MONICA/KORA surveys conducted in 1984-1995 in the Augsburg region (southern Germany) and followed up by 2009. The study population comprised 8952 @entity0 (4669 @entity0 /4283 @entity0 ) aged 30-74  years without @entity1 at baseline. Structural social support was assessed using the Social Network Index. Sex-specific hazard ratios were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Within follow-up, 904 incident @entity1 cases (558 @entity0 , 346 @entity0 ) were observed. Crude incidence rates for @entity1 per 10  000  @entity0 -years were substantially higher in poor compared with good structural social support ( @entity0 : 94 vs. 69, @entity0 : 58 vs. 43). After adjustment for age, survey, parental history of @entity1 , smoking status, @entity3 intake, physical activity, @entity2 , dyslipidaemia, BMI, education, sleep complaints and @entity4 mood, risk of @entity1 for @entity0 with poor compared with good structural social support was 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI)  =  1.11-1.55] in @entity0 and 1.10 (95% CI  =  0.88-1.37) in @entity0 . Stratified analyses revealed a hazard ratio of 1.50 (95% CI  =  1.23-1.83) in @entity0 with a low level of education and 0.87 (95% CI  =  0.62-1.22) in @entity0 with a high level of education (P for interaction: 0.0082). CONCLUSIONS: Poor structural social support is associated with @entity1 in @entity0 . This association is independent of risk factors at baseline and is particularly pronounced in @entity0 with a low level of education. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Poor structural social support is associated with an increased risk of XXXX : findings from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of high-volume image-guided injection in the middle term in @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: Case series study; Level of evidence, 4. SETTING: All tertiary referrals, public, and private healthcare. @entity0 : Forty-four @entity0 (41 @entity0 and 3 @entity0 ) with diagnosis of @entity1 were included. INTERVENTION: Tendon injection of a mixture of 10 mL of 0.5% @entity2 , 62   500 international units of aprotinin, and 40 mL of normal saline solution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-patellar tendon (VISA-P), visual analogue scale, and Roles and Maudsley were assessed at baseline and at the last follow-up. RESULTS: The baseline VISA-P score of 46    18.2 (range, 28-75) improved to 75.3    19.2 (range, 68-100) by 15 months (P = 0.003). The mean pain visual analogue scale changed from 91 mm (range, 66-92 mm) before the injection to 28 mm (2-52 mm) (P = 0.01). Of 32 physically active @entity0 , 23 (72%) had returned to sport at the same level practiced before the onset of symptoms. Thirty-five of the 44 @entity0 (80%) rated their condition as good or excellent. CONCLUSIONS: High-volume injection at the interface between the deep surface of the @entity1 improves in the short-term symptoms and function of the knee. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This procedure is minimally invasive, safe, and effective in the short term in athletes.

title: High-Volume Image-Guided Injection for Recalcitrant XXXX in Athletes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 , a new antiarrhythmic agent, was given orally to 11 hospitalized @entity0 with chronic high-frequency @entity2 . Drug effectiveness was evaluated with a dose-ranging single-blind protocol, which included placebo control and washout periods. Twice-daily dosing (average daily dose 436 mg) completely suppressed all @entity2 activity in five of 11 @entity0 ; average suppression in the 11 @entity0 was 96.3%. Complex @entity1 , which were present in all 11 @entity0 during the placebo control period, were completely suppressed in eight @entity0 and markedly suppressed in the other three @entity0 during @entity3 therapy. Ejection fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening measured by M-mode echocardiography did not change significantly during @entity3 dosing. @entity1 returned in all @entity0 during the placebo washout period. During subsequent outpatient therapy with @entity3 , significant suppression was present after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (94.4% and 93.3%, respectively). Drug elimination was slow (average plasma half-life 20 hours). Ninety-five percent suppression of @entity2 during dosing and 5% reappearance of @entity1 during washout occurred with @entity3 concentrations of 200-800 ng/ml. Side effects occurred in five of 11 @entity0 , but did not require discontinuation of the drug. These results indicate that @entity3 is a very effective antiarrhythmic agent that merits further clinical investigation.

title: Suppression of @entity2 by XXXX , a new antiarrhythmic agent.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 , a new antiarrhythmic agent, was given orally to 11 hospitalized @entity0 with chronic high-frequency @entity2 . Drug effectiveness was evaluated with a dose-ranging single-blind protocol, which included placebo control and washout periods. Twice-daily dosing (average daily dose 436 mg) completely suppressed all @entity2 activity in five of 11 @entity0 ; average suppression in the 11 @entity0 was 96.3%. Complex @entity1 , which were present in all 11 @entity0 during the placebo control period, were completely suppressed in eight @entity0 and markedly suppressed in the other three @entity0 during @entity3 therapy. Ejection fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening measured by M-mode echocardiography did not change significantly during @entity3 dosing. @entity1 returned in all @entity0 during the placebo washout period. During subsequent outpatient therapy with @entity3 , significant suppression was present after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (94.4% and 93.3%, respectively). Drug elimination was slow (average plasma half-life 20 hours). Ninety-five percent suppression of @entity2 during dosing and 5% reappearance of @entity1 during washout occurred with @entity3 concentrations of 200-800 ng/ml. Side effects occurred in five of 11 @entity0 , but did not require discontinuation of the drug. These results indicate that @entity3 is a very effective antiarrhythmic agent that merits further clinical investigation.

title: Suppression of XXXX by @entity3 , a new antiarrhythmic agent.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The value for the slope of the left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure-dimension and pressure-volume relations has been proposed as a quantitative measure of the LV inotropic state. This measure of LV inotropic state is attractive because it is independent of preload and incorporates afterload. To investigate the sensitivity of the slope of these relations to alterations in contractile state, 10 normal subjects were studied using M-mode echocardiographic, phonocardiographic and indirect carotid pulse recordings during infusion of @entity2 to alter end-systolic pressure and during infusion of @entity1 (5 micrograms/kg/min) to increase LV inotropic state. Heart rate was maintained within a narrow range for each subject. End-systolic volume was calculated from end-systolic echocardiographic dimension by standard methods. End-systolic pressure was estimated from the dicrotic notch pressure determined from a calibrated carotid pulse recording; peak systolic pressure was also measured. Regardless of the method of approximating end-systolic pressure, the positive inotropic intervention caused a leftward shift in the end-systolic pressure-dimension and pressure-volume lines. With the @entity1 infusion, the value for the slope of the end-systolic pressure-dimension relation increased by 25% (range 16-46%, p less than 0.001), while the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation increased by 55% (range 37-85%, p less than 0.001). In all cases, the curves were linear and became steeper with the positive inotropic intervention. In contrast, the value of the slope of the peak systolic pressure-end-systolic dimension relation showed a variable response to the @entity1 infusion (mean change 13%, range -77% to 73%; NS). Although the position of the peak systolic pressure-end-systolic dimension curve is consistently shifted with an alteration in inotropic state, the values of the slope of these curves are not reliable indicators of change in LV contractility. The values for the slope of the line relating end-systolic pressure (estimated by dicrotic notch pressure) to end-systolic dimension or volume, however, are highly sensitive to a change in inotropic state in @entity0 subjects.

title: Sensitivity of end-systolic pressure-dimension and pressure-volume relations to the inotropic state in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intermittent aortic root infusion of a cold solution containing either @entity4 ( @entity5 ) or @entity3 was performed in 32 @entity1 during a 2-hour aortic clamping. Half of the @entity1 in each group had a critical @entity2 created on the circumflex artery before cardiopulmonary bypass. Global left ventricular (LV) function was determined 1 hour after bypass by means of LV pressure, peak dP/dt, LV end-diastolic pressure, cardiac and @entity0 work indexes. Regional function was assessed through microcrystals in the areas of the circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries. LV pressure decreased in all @entity1 , but more so with the @entity5 solution (p = 0.02). The @entity2 had no specific effect on LV pressure, but affected peak positive dP/dt (p = 0.007) and LV end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.0001). Cardiac and @entity0 work indexes decreased more in the @entity5 group than in the @entity3 group (p less than 0.002) with or without @entity2 . Both positive and negative dP/dt were affected by the type of solution (a greater decrease with @entity5 ), but the narrowing affected only the positive dP/dt. Regional LV function remained unchanged in the absence of a narrowing and was depressed equally in @entity1 with a narrowing whether they received @entity5 or @entity3 . Overall LV function appeared to be better preserved with @entity3 , with or without impairment of circumflex flow.

title: Myocardial protection through cold cardioplegia with potassium or @entity3 . Experimental evidence that @entity3 provides better protection even when coronary flow is impaired by a critical XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Intermittent aortic root infusion of a cold solution containing either @entity4 ( @entity5 ) or @entity3 was performed in 32 @entity1 during a 2-hour aortic clamping. Half of the @entity1 in each group had a critical @entity2 created on the circumflex artery before cardiopulmonary bypass. Global left ventricular (LV) function was determined 1 hour after bypass by means of LV pressure, peak dP/dt, LV end-diastolic pressure, cardiac and @entity0 work indexes. Regional function was assessed through microcrystals in the areas of the circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries. LV pressure decreased in all @entity1 , but more so with the @entity5 solution (p = 0.02). The @entity2 had no specific effect on LV pressure, but affected peak positive dP/dt (p = 0.007) and LV end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.0001). Cardiac and @entity0 work indexes decreased more in the @entity5 group than in the @entity3 group (p less than 0.002) with or without @entity2 . Both positive and negative dP/dt were affected by the type of solution (a greater decrease with @entity5 ), but the narrowing affected only the positive dP/dt. Regional LV function remained unchanged in the absence of a narrowing and was depressed equally in @entity1 with a narrowing whether they received @entity5 or @entity3 . Overall LV function appeared to be better preserved with @entity3 , with or without impairment of circumflex flow.

title: Myocardial protection through cold cardioplegia with potassium or XXXX . Experimental evidence that @entity3 provides better protection even when coronary flow is impaired by a critical @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Intermittent aortic root infusion of a cold solution containing either @entity4 ( @entity5 ) or @entity3 was performed in 32 @entity1 during a 2-hour aortic clamping. Half of the @entity1 in each group had a critical @entity2 created on the circumflex artery before cardiopulmonary bypass. Global left ventricular (LV) function was determined 1 hour after bypass by means of LV pressure, peak dP/dt, LV end-diastolic pressure, cardiac and @entity0 work indexes. Regional function was assessed through microcrystals in the areas of the circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries. LV pressure decreased in all @entity1 , but more so with the @entity5 solution (p = 0.02). The @entity2 had no specific effect on LV pressure, but affected peak positive dP/dt (p = 0.007) and LV end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.0001). Cardiac and @entity0 work indexes decreased more in the @entity5 group than in the @entity3 group (p less than 0.002) with or without @entity2 . Both positive and negative dP/dt were affected by the type of solution (a greater decrease with @entity5 ), but the narrowing affected only the positive dP/dt. Regional LV function remained unchanged in the absence of a narrowing and was depressed equally in @entity1 with a narrowing whether they received @entity5 or @entity3 . Overall LV function appeared to be better preserved with @entity3 , with or without impairment of circumflex flow.

title: Myocardial protection through cold cardioplegia with potassium or @entity3 . Experimental evidence that XXXX provides better protection even when coronary flow is impaired by a critical @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that 5 - 10% of @entity3 @entity0 suffer from severe @entity3 . Severe @entity3 is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. These @entity0 are not controlled with currently available treatments and therefore additional treatment options are needed. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and different @entity3 @entity0 groups probably have different underlying pathophysiology. Novel therapies with, for example, monoclonal antibodies that target certain immunological pathways have become available. These novel treatments are not effective in all @entity0 but only in certain phenotypes. Areas covered: This review covers the current evidence and novel developments in treatment with monoclonal antibodies in different @entity3 phenotypes. This includes monoclonal antibodies against IgE, against @entity2 and antibodies targeting @entity4 pathways. Although there is a certain overlap between @entity0 groups benefiting from these treatments, a more detailed identification of responder profiles for these therapies is needed for personalized therapy. Expert opinion: In recent years, novel monoclonal antibodies have been developed, which are a promising addition to existing therapy in the treatment of severe @entity3 with @entity1 and Th2-driven disease. We expect that several of the new antibodies will become available for clinical practice. In addition, it must be acknowledged that so far no effective strategies are available for @entity0 with non-eosinophilic @entity3 and further research and development is necessary for this @entity0 group.

title: Treatment of severe XXXX : entering the era of targeted therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: One method used to examine the relationship between behavioral strategies and anatomical adaptation is to study the results of mechanical stress associated with a given behavior and compare this with skeletal adaptations to other behaviors. This comparative approach is appropriate for highlighting combinations of features that are specializations to specific types of behavior. The purpose of this paper is to compare femoral mechanics in @entity1 with previously collected data for macaques and @entity0 as a basis for discussing structural adaptations in the primate hindlimb to leaping. The stiffness and load carrying capabilities of the femoral diaphyses of 27 @entity1 were analyzed using the SCADS computer program. The data suggest that the galago femur is well adapted to sustain large sagittal plane compressive loads rather than large bending loads. The straightness of the femoral shaft and large midshaft area moments of inertia prevent buckling from these large compressive loads. Calculations indicate that the ratio of critical buckling load to body weight in galago is 31 times that in macaques and 55 times that in @entity0 . The femur of this saltatory primate is morphologically adapted to resist buckling when subjected to large compressive loads, while those of macaques and @entity0 are better adapted to resist bending moments caused by ground reaction forces acting on the extended limb. The differences between galago on the one hand and macaques and @entity0 on the other suggest that relatively smaller moments about the hip and relatively larger moments about the knee accompany more quadrupedal and bipedal walking, while habitual leaping is associated with relatively larger moments about the hip. These data reinforce the apparent similarity of the mechanical effects of quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion on the femur and dissimilarity with femoral mechanics in habitually saltatory primates.

title: Femoral mechanics in the lesser bushbaby ( XXXX ): structural adaptations to leaping in primates.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Effects of dissociative anesthesia on cardiovascular dynamics and respiration were investigated in @entity3 to determine its use in nonhuman primates for restraint and minor surgical procedures. Respiration was spontaneous, and premedicants or anesthetic adjuvants were not used. Two doses of the anesthetic were administered (IM): 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg. Depressant effects were observed in all variables initially; some cardiovascular variables eventually exceeded preinjection values after the higher (3.0 mg/kg) dose level. At a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, significant @entity2 in @entity1 persisted for 20 minutes, and at 3.0 mg/kg for 50 minutes. @entity0 volume was minimally affected initially, although significant increases occurred at 40 and 50 minutes after the 3.0 mg/kg injections. Heart rate was @entity2 by 5% and 7% in the animals given the small and large doses. Values were within control levels by 90 minutes after the anesthetic was injected, except respiratory rate and body temperature. We conclude that the dissociative anesthetic used produces neither marked nor prolonged cardiovascular effects. Since cardiovascular effects are absent by 90 minutes after the anesthetic was injected, dissociative anesthesia is a desirable technique for minor surgical procedures and restraint, especially before physiologic studies.

title: Cardiodynamics in the XXXX during dissociative anesthesia.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The risk of @entity2 and mortality is significantly increased in @entity0 with @entity1 ; thus, it is important to determine whether @entity5 -lowering therapy affects this risk over time. Changes in cardiovascular risk markers were examined in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 treated with exenatide twice daily (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) or @entity10 (a @entity9 ) added to @entity7 in the EURopean EXenAtide (EUREXA) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 failing @entity7 were randomized to add-on exenatide twice daily (n  =  515) or @entity10 (n  =  514) until treatment failure defined by hemoglobin @entity8 . Anthropomorphic measures, blood pressure (BP), heart rate, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) over time were evaluated. RESULTS: Over 36  months, twice-daily exenatide was associated with improved body weight (-3.9  kg), waist circumference (-3.6  cm), systolic/diastolic BP (-2.5/-2.6  mmHg), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity4 (0.05  mmol/L), @entity6 (-0.2  mmol/L), and hsCRP (-1.7  mg/L). Heart rate did not increase (-0.3 beats/minute), and low-density lipoprotein- @entity4 (0.2  mmol/L) and total @entity4 (0.1  mmol/L) increased slightly. Between-group differences were significantly in favor of exenatide for body weight (P  <  0.0001), waist circumference (P  <  0.001), systolic BP (P  <  0.001), diastolic BP (P  =  0.023), HDL- @entity4 (P  =  0.001), and hsCRP (P  =  0.004). Fewer @entity0 randomized to exenatide twice daily versus @entity10 required the addition of at least one antihypertensive (20.4 vs 26.4  %; P  =  0.026) or lipid-lowering medication (8.4 vs 12.8  %; P  =  0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Add-on exenatide twice daily was associated with significant, sustained improvement in several cardiovascular risk markers in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 versus @entity10 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00359762, http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov.

title: Long-term changes in cardiovascular risk markers during administration of exenatide twice daily or XXXX : results from the European exenatide study.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity3 cases which had been notified by doctors and confirmed after investigations were followed up by the Industrial Health Division. Up to August 1981, a total of 313 @entity0 were confirmed as having the disease. Of these, 59 had died. The majority of these 59 @entity0 had had their @entity2 exposure in the granite quarries. 13 had been exposed to "rubber powder" which contained a high percentage of free @entity2 . 52 of those who died were male, and their average age at death was 60.87 years. This did not appear to be significantly shorter than their life expectancy of 65.1 years. But the average age of death for the 7 @entity0 was 58.86 years, which was much shorter than their life expectancy of 70 years. Many of the @entity0 died from causes unrelated to @entity3 . But 6 of the 7 @entity0 had @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and they apparently died of the disease or complications arising from it.

title: A profile of XXXX cases who died.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 71 @entity0 with an @entity3 were studied. The @entity0 were separated into two groups on the basis of the results of clinical investigation, computed tomography and psychological testing (WAIS). 40 @entity0 showed an early @entity9 and 31 were without @entity5 . The mean age was 57 years in the demented group and 54 years in the non-demented group. The mean duration of the history of @entity4 was also not statistically different in both groups. The frequency of @entity3 was identical since 50% of the @entity0 in both groups had more than one @entity3 . The history of neurological symptoms together with the @entity2 seen on admission were distributed evenly. The dominant hemisphere was more often diseased in the demented group. Bilateral symptoms were also more common in the @entity3 @entity0 . The WAIS showed a similar IQ in both groups but the deterioration index was significantly altered in the demented group. @entity6 was the only risk factor which differed between both groups. @entity8 , @entity1 , viscosity and @entity11 did not differ in both groups. The CT showed more normal scans in the non-demented group, the distribution of @entity7 on its own and @entity10 in the left or right hemisphere were both inconclusive, whilst @entity0 with @entity10 were more common in the @entity9 group. Also, generalised @entity7 in combination with an @entity10 was found more often in the demented @entity0 .

title: Clinical factors associated with @entity9 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 71 @entity0 with an @entity3 were studied. The @entity0 were separated into two groups on the basis of the results of clinical investigation, computed tomography and psychological testing (WAIS). 40 @entity0 showed an early @entity9 and 31 were without @entity5 . The mean age was 57 years in the demented group and 54 years in the non-demented group. The mean duration of the history of @entity4 was also not statistically different in both groups. The frequency of @entity3 was identical since 50% of the @entity0 in both groups had more than one @entity3 . The history of neurological symptoms together with the @entity2 seen on admission were distributed evenly. The dominant hemisphere was more often diseased in the demented group. Bilateral symptoms were also more common in the @entity3 @entity0 . The WAIS showed a similar IQ in both groups but the deterioration index was significantly altered in the demented group. @entity6 was the only risk factor which differed between both groups. @entity8 , @entity1 , viscosity and @entity11 did not differ in both groups. The CT showed more normal scans in the non-demented group, the distribution of @entity7 on its own and @entity10 in the left or right hemisphere were both inconclusive, whilst @entity0 with @entity10 were more common in the @entity9 group. Also, generalised @entity7 in combination with an @entity10 was found more often in the demented @entity0 .

title: Clinical factors associated with XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: From March 1972 to November 1979 a total of 157 @entity1 with stage I to III primary @entity0 have been irradiated after segmental resection (12 cases), tilectomy (89 cases) or biopsy (56 cases). Complete local control was achieved in all Stage I lesions, in 97% of @entity3 and in 68% of @entity2 . Non recurrence has been observed in @entity1 previously operated by segmental resections, while local failures occurred in 6/89 and in 16/56 @entity1 operated by tilectomy or biopsy, respectively. Of the 28 Stage I @entity1 , 24 (86%) are alive, one with distant metastases. Four @entity1 of this group are dead, 2 of intercurrent disease and 2 of @entity0 . Of the 61 (Stage II) @entity1 , 38 (62%) are alive, 5 of these with distant metastases. Twenty-three @entity1 are dead, 15 with active disease, and 8 suffered intercurrent @entity4 . Of the 68 Stage III @entity1 , 21 (31%) are alive, 6 of these with distant metastases. Fourty-seven @entity1 are dead, 43 of @entity0 and 4 of intercurrent disease. The high probability of initial subclinical deposits is evidenced by the fact that 49 of the 68 @entity1 in this group developed distant metastases. The @entity1 with T1 lesions appear to comprise the most favourable group with a relapse free survival at five years of 76%. The 5 years relapse free survival was 62% for T2 lesions and 25% for T3 and T4 lesions. N0 status does not confer the same favourable prognosis as T1 status. N+ status, however, resulted in a definitely negative prognostic factor. Cosmetic results after our treatment approach appear to be extremely good. A marked difference between the irradiated and controlateral breast occurred only in 10 of the 125 @entity1 after a minimum of 2 years observation.

title: [Elective radiotherapy in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: In @entity4 a repeated crisis of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation to 25-45 mmHg continues for 3-10 days. During the relapses @entity0 often occurs. The IOP and its variation during the crisis are similar to those in @entity3 simplex. Therefore, the syndrome can be considered as a natural model for investigations into @entity3 simplex. By analyzing five cases of @entity4 in which the @entity1 ranged from the earliest to advanced stages, the development and progression of @entity0 of the optic nerve at varying chronically elevated IOP levels became evident. The earliest evident fundus change is a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the Bjerrum tangent, and not the enlargement of the physiologic excavation. The latter does not develop before stage IV. The slit-like @entity2 shows a decrease in sensitivity of 0.2-0.4 log ND unit, which is thus easily overlooked. As the disease progresses the @entity2 becomes more pronounced, its width increases and it becomes wedge-shaped. Due to a considerable loss of nerve fibers at the wedge-shaped defect, a small notch which develops in the direction of @entity2 is not observed until stage IV. Goldmann perimetry demonstrated a certain abnormality at stages IV-V; in addition to the wedge-shaped @entity2 , diffuse thinning of the @entity2 begins around the optic disk and develops into a large, concentric excavation. For identification of the most delicate NFLDs, stereo fundus photography in color with 8-fold magnification, on 6 x 6 film is recommended.

title: [Early fundus changes caused by repeated small crises in the @entity4 : a model for XXXX simplex].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In @entity4 a repeated crisis of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation to 25-45 mmHg continues for 3-10 days. During the relapses @entity0 often occurs. The IOP and its variation during the crisis are similar to those in @entity3 simplex. Therefore, the syndrome can be considered as a natural model for investigations into @entity3 simplex. By analyzing five cases of @entity4 in which the @entity1 ranged from the earliest to advanced stages, the development and progression of @entity0 of the optic nerve at varying chronically elevated IOP levels became evident. The earliest evident fundus change is a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the Bjerrum tangent, and not the enlargement of the physiologic excavation. The latter does not develop before stage IV. The slit-like @entity2 shows a decrease in sensitivity of 0.2-0.4 log ND unit, which is thus easily overlooked. As the disease progresses the @entity2 becomes more pronounced, its width increases and it becomes wedge-shaped. Due to a considerable loss of nerve fibers at the wedge-shaped defect, a small notch which develops in the direction of @entity2 is not observed until stage IV. Goldmann perimetry demonstrated a certain abnormality at stages IV-V; in addition to the wedge-shaped @entity2 , diffuse thinning of the @entity2 begins around the optic disk and develops into a large, concentric excavation. For identification of the most delicate NFLDs, stereo fundus photography in color with 8-fold magnification, on 6 x 6 film is recommended.

title: [Early fundus changes caused by repeated small crises in the XXXX : a model for @entity3 simplex].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Controversial data have been reported on gastric acid secretion in @entity0 with @entity5 . Moreover, studies on gastroduodenal morphological changes in @entity0 with this disease and with other @entity1 -related conditions have given different results. Basal and penta- @entity7 -stimulated gastric secretion, histological changes of @entity2 , and basal and meal-stimulated @entity7 were measured in 21 @entity0 with chronic @entity8 and in the following pair-matched groups: 21 chronic alcoholics and 21 control subjects ( @entity6 ), and in 19 @entity0 with proven @entity4 of alcoholic origin. No @entity0 suffered from peptic @entity3 . Moreover, gastric secretion was also measured in 51 @entity0 with proven duodenal @entity3 and in 34 healthy subjects. Basal acid output in @entity0 with @entity5 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in the other groups, except for the @entity0 with duodenal @entity3 . Peak acid output values in @entity0 with @entity5 were similar to those measured in @entity0 with duodenal @entity3 , and they were higher than in the healthy subject group and in @entity0 with @entity4 , but statistical significance was not attained for @entity0 with @entity6 . An increased frequency of @entity9 was found in @entity0 with @entity5 , whereas an increased frequency of @entity2 in the duodenal bulb was observed in all the @entity0 with @entity1 -related conditions considered. No relevant differences among the considered groups were found relating to gastric histological changes. Basal and meal-stimulated @entity7 were similar in all the studied groups. This study suggests that in @entity0 with @entity5 there is increased gastric secretion and probably an increased capacity for secretion of acid. Moreover, in @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity9 seems to be frequent, but it probably is not directly related to chronic @entity1 consumption.

title: Gastric secretion, gastroduodenal histological changes, and serum @entity7 in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Controversial data have been reported on gastric acid secretion in @entity0 with @entity5 . Moreover, studies on gastroduodenal morphological changes in @entity0 with this disease and with other @entity1 -related conditions have given different results. Basal and penta- @entity7 -stimulated gastric secretion, histological changes of @entity2 , and basal and meal-stimulated @entity7 were measured in 21 @entity0 with chronic @entity8 and in the following pair-matched groups: 21 chronic alcoholics and 21 control subjects ( @entity6 ), and in 19 @entity0 with proven @entity4 of alcoholic origin. No @entity0 suffered from peptic @entity3 . Moreover, gastric secretion was also measured in 51 @entity0 with proven duodenal @entity3 and in 34 healthy subjects. Basal acid output in @entity0 with @entity5 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in the other groups, except for the @entity0 with duodenal @entity3 . Peak acid output values in @entity0 with @entity5 were similar to those measured in @entity0 with duodenal @entity3 , and they were higher than in the healthy subject group and in @entity0 with @entity4 , but statistical significance was not attained for @entity0 with @entity6 . An increased frequency of @entity9 was found in @entity0 with @entity5 , whereas an increased frequency of @entity2 in the duodenal bulb was observed in all the @entity0 with @entity1 -related conditions considered. No relevant differences among the considered groups were found relating to gastric histological changes. Basal and meal-stimulated @entity7 were similar in all the studied groups. This study suggests that in @entity0 with @entity5 there is increased gastric secretion and probably an increased capacity for secretion of acid. Moreover, in @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity9 seems to be frequent, but it probably is not directly related to chronic @entity1 consumption.

title: Gastric secretion, gastroduodenal histological changes, and serum XXXX in chronic @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Effects of inhaling three levels of @entity6 in @entity1 on event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and @entity3 report were examined in 10 volunteers undergoing painful electrical stimulation of tooth pulp. Previous work by the authors demonstrated that inhalation of @entity6 33 per cent in @entity1 , iv injection of 0.1 mg @entity5 , oral administration of 975 mg @entity2 , and electrical acupunctural stimulation all reduced ERP amplitudes obtained a vertex during painful tooth pulp stimulation. The authors report here the demonstration of a dose-response relationship between increasing concentrations of @entity6 in @entity1 and measures of ERP amplitude and @entity3 report. Subjects inhaled room air, @entity6 25 per cent, 37 per cent, and 50 per cent in @entity1 while ERPs were recorded and @entity3 reports were given. The procedure was repeated on three separate days with each subject experiencing all levels of treatment on each day. Analyses of variance revealed that both ERP amplitude and @entity3 report significantly decreased as dosage increased, and a significant linear trend was observed for the positive-going ERP wave-form deflection between 160 and 240 ms. @entity3 report scores decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) and proportionally as dosage increased, but there was not a significant linear trend. Inhalation of @entity6 in @entity1 increased peak latency for the negative component at 50 ms and the positive component at 90 ms but not for later components. These outcomes demonstrate that amplitude measures of the vertex ERP obtained with dental dolorimetry correlate consistently with @entity3 and @entity4 . Simultaneous assessment of brain electrical activity and subjective report appears to be a useful approach for the assessment of @entity4 in @entity0 .

title: Effect of XXXX concentration on event-related potentials during painful tooth stimulation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Thirty @entity0 with clinical evidence of @entity5 media underwent tympanocentesis. @entity2 was the predominant organism recovered (63%). Three cases of @entity6 , alone or in combination with @entity4 , were identified. Other organisms found were Staphylococcus albus, Neiserria species. Group A B-hemolytic @entity2 , and anaerobes. In four @entity0 (13%) no organism was recovered. All isolates were ampicillin susceptible. No relationship was found between WBC, temperature, or age and the organism recovered. Tympanocentesis did not provide any information resulting in an alteration of therapy. Tympanocentesis may be indicated for relief of @entity1 or for periodic surveillance of organism sensitivities, but is not justified in the emergency department for uncomplicated @entity3 . [Friedman A, Fleisher GR, Henretig F, Handler S, Campos JM: @entity5 media: Update on etiology and management. Ann Emerg Med 11:181-183, April 1982.]

title: XXXX media: update on etiology and management.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to determine the value of prophylactic @entity4 in @entity2 bites. Adult @entity0 with uninfected full-thickness wounds presenting within 24 hours of @entity1 were considered. Management consisted of cleansing, irrigation, debridement, and closure as indicated; no topical antibiotics were applied. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive @entity4 500 mg QID x 5 days or identically appearing placebo. Home wound care was standardized an @entity0 were observed at least every 2 days. Clinical assessment of infection was confirmed microbiologically. Sixty-three @entity0 were admitted and 46 completed the study. @entity4 (22) and placebo (24) groups were identical in sex, age, number of wounds per @entity0 , wound location and type, number of open and closed wounds, delay to presentation, length of follow-up observation, medication compliance, and adequacy of @entity0 wound care. Two @entity3 of the hand occurred in @entity0 receiving @entity4 ; no @entity3 were seen among placebo-treated @entity0 (P = NS). Prophylactic @entity4 was not associated with improved outcome. We do not advise the use of prophylactic antibiotics in @entity2 bite injuries treated within 24 hours of accident.

title: Prophylactic XXXX in @entity2 bite wounds.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to determine the value of prophylactic @entity4 in @entity2 bites. Adult @entity0 with uninfected full-thickness wounds presenting within 24 hours of @entity1 were considered. Management consisted of cleansing, irrigation, debridement, and closure as indicated; no topical antibiotics were applied. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive @entity4 500 mg QID x 5 days or identically appearing placebo. Home wound care was standardized an @entity0 were observed at least every 2 days. Clinical assessment of infection was confirmed microbiologically. Sixty-three @entity0 were admitted and 46 completed the study. @entity4 (22) and placebo (24) groups were identical in sex, age, number of wounds per @entity0 , wound location and type, number of open and closed wounds, delay to presentation, length of follow-up observation, medication compliance, and adequacy of @entity0 wound care. Two @entity3 of the hand occurred in @entity0 receiving @entity4 ; no @entity3 were seen among placebo-treated @entity0 (P = NS). Prophylactic @entity4 was not associated with improved outcome. We do not advise the use of prophylactic antibiotics in @entity2 bite injuries treated within 24 hours of accident.

title: Prophylactic @entity4 in XXXX bite wounds.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 are infrequent, but may be catastrophic. During a 26-year period, 55 private @entity0 were treated for the following disorders: (1) 12 @entity0 with visceral @entity2 , (2) 8 with celiac compression syndrome, (3) 13 with @entity5 , (4) 12 with acute @entity5 , and (5) 10 with @entity5 associated with aortic reconstructions. @entity2 were managed by excision and splenectomy, while celiac and hepatic had excision with graft replacement. @entity0 with celiac compression syndrome underwent lysis of the celiac artery. Two @entity0 had compression of both celiac and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). One @entity0 required vascular reconstruction of both arteries for residual stenoses. @entity0 having @entity5 were treated with bypass grafts, with one @entity1 (7.7% mortality) and good long-term results. Those with acute @entity5 were treated by @entity6 , bowel resection, or both, with a mortality of 67%. When associated with aortic reconstructions, @entity5 carried a mortality of 100% if bowel @entity4 occurred after operation, but when prophylactic mesenteric revascularization was performed at the time of aortic surgery, prognosis was greatly improved, with only one @entity1 among six @entity0 . An aggressive approach including prompt arteriography with early diagnosis and surgical therapy is advocated for these catastrophic acute mesenteric problems.

title: XXXX . A 26-year experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this study was to develop one instrument for assessing quantitatively the disability of severe @entity2 @entity0 so their rehabilitative progress could be followed from @entity4 through different levels of awareness and functioning to their return to the community. This disability rating (DR) instrument was designed to be easily learned, quickly completed, valid, predictive of outcome and to have a high inter-rater reliability. The DR Scale consists of 8 items divided into 4 categories; 1. Arousal and awareness; 2. Cognitive ability to handle self-care functions; 3. @entity3 upon others; 4. Psychosocial adaptability for work, housework, or school. Completed independently by several raters for more than 88 serious @entity2 @entity0 , inter-rater correlations were highly significant. The admission DR was significantly related to clinical outcome at 1 year after injury and was significantly related to electrophysiologic measures of @entity1 as reflected in degree of abnormality of evoked brain potential patterns. The DR Scale is more sensitive than the Glasgow Outcome Scale in detecting and measuring clinical changes in individuals who have sustained severe @entity2 . Also it can be used to help identify @entity0 most likely to benefit from intensive rehabilitation care within a hospital setting. It provides a shorthand global description of a @entity2 @entity0 's condition that facilitates understanding and communication.

title: Disability rating scale for severe XXXX : @entity4 to community.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to develop one instrument for assessing quantitatively the disability of severe @entity2 @entity0 so their rehabilitative progress could be followed from @entity4 through different levels of awareness and functioning to their return to the community. This disability rating (DR) instrument was designed to be easily learned, quickly completed, valid, predictive of outcome and to have a high inter-rater reliability. The DR Scale consists of 8 items divided into 4 categories; 1. Arousal and awareness; 2. Cognitive ability to handle self-care functions; 3. @entity3 upon others; 4. Psychosocial adaptability for work, housework, or school. Completed independently by several raters for more than 88 serious @entity2 @entity0 , inter-rater correlations were highly significant. The admission DR was significantly related to clinical outcome at 1 year after injury and was significantly related to electrophysiologic measures of @entity1 as reflected in degree of abnormality of evoked brain potential patterns. The DR Scale is more sensitive than the Glasgow Outcome Scale in detecting and measuring clinical changes in individuals who have sustained severe @entity2 . Also it can be used to help identify @entity0 most likely to benefit from intensive rehabilitation care within a hospital setting. It provides a shorthand global description of a @entity2 @entity0 's condition that facilitates understanding and communication.

title: Disability rating scale for severe @entity2 : XXXX to community.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a major dose-limiting side effect of several chemotherapeutic agents, often leading to treatment discontinuation. Up to 20% of @entity1 treated with weekly @entity5 experience severe @entity6 and no effective treatment has been established so far. The mechanisms of @entity6 are unclear, but are directly dose-related. We had earlier demonstrated, in @entity3 , the influence of @entity7 in reducing nerve blood flow. Here, we hypothesize that continuous flow limb @entity7 during chemotherapy reduces the incidence and severity of @entity6 , by limiting deliverance of the @entity6 . In this study, prior to assessing the effect of @entity7 in preventing @entity6 in @entity2 subjects undergoing @entity5 chemotherapy, we assess the safety and tolerable temperatures for limb @entity7 in healthy @entity1 subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 15 healthy @entity1 subjects, @entity7 was administered as continuous flow cooling, unilaterally, via a thermoregulator setup covering the digits up to the elbow/knee, along with continuous skin temperature monitoring. Thermoregulator coolant temperatures between 25     C and 20     C were tested for tolerability, based on a carefully designed temperature regulation protocol, and maintained for three hours mimicking the duration of chemotherapy. Tolerability was evaluated using various safety and tolerability scores to monitor the subjects. RESULTS: At the end of the cooling session the healthy subjects presented without significant adverse effects, the main being brief mild skin erythema and transient @entity4 . Coolant temperatures as low as 22     C were well tolerated continuously over three hours. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the safety and tolerability of continuous flow limb @entity7 in healthy subjects. Further studies will use 22     C thermoregulator temperature to investigate @entity7 in preventing @entity6 in @entity0 @entity1 receiving adjuvant weekly @entity5 . This pilot study may contribute to alleviating chemotherapy dose limitation due to @entity6 and increase the likelihood of success of chemotherapy.

title: XXXX for preventing chemotherapy-induced neuropathy - a pilot study on safety and tolerability in healthy controls.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis is fundamental in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to improve their quality of life. AIM: To determine the latency in the diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) after the onset of motor symptoms. @entity0 AND METHODS: Prospective study carried out during 16 months in a public hospital. Two hundred newly diagnosed @entity0 aged 41 to 90 years (50% @entity0 ), were included and analyzed. RESULTS: The lapse between the first symptom -more commonly tremor- and the diagnosis made by a neurologist ranged from 1 to 84 months (19.1    13.8). In 39% of @entity0 , it was done in the first year, in 26% during the second year and in 35% of @entity0 , it took more than two years. The referral by a general practitioner had a delay ranging from 1 to 36 months. Sixty nine and 95% of @entity0 were evaluated within the first 6 months after referral if they came from primary care or the same hospital, respectively. Twenty six percent of @entity0 were classified in stages III to V of Hoehn _ Yahr's staging and the @entity1 Rating Scale motor examination ranged from 5 to 81 points, mean 24 (   12.8). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity1 has a delay in a public hospital that could be influenced by the referral system.

title: [Delay in the diagnosis of XXXX in a Chilean public hospital].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Of the @entity0 undergoing gastric bypass for treatment of morbid @entity1 , 75 per cent are female. A common question both pre-and postoperatively concerns the advisability of a pregnancy following surgically-induced @entity3 . Of all @entity0 , 45 became pregnant on 54 occasions following gastric bypass and 46 @entity0 were delivered. There were two spontaneous @entity7 (4.0%) and six early terminations of an undesired pregnancy. Seven @entity0 were delivered prematurely. One @entity0 was born @entity8 and has developed severe @entity4 in both growth and development. In contrast to reports of @entity0 born to mothers with jejunoileal bypass, 12 of the babies that were born to mothers after gastric bypass were heavier at birth than older siblings. An additional ten @entity0 were the first born to @entity0 who had lost more than 100 pounds following gastric bypass. All but one of the @entity0 became pregnant more than six months following surgery. This corresponds to the period of maximum @entity3 and reversal of @entity5 associated with massive @entity1 . Pregnancies were well tolerated by the mothers, with no excessive increase in @entity3 or development of @entity6 . Since the gastric bypass is modeled on the Billroth II gastrectomy, additional @entity2 supplementation was recommended during the pregnancy. While we cannot recommend pregnancy during the period of rapid @entity3 in the initial postoperative period, our data indicate that neither the mother nor the developing fetus is unduly endangered by a pregnancy which develops after the period of rapid postoperative @entity3 .

title: Pregnancy following gastric bypass for the treatment of morbid XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The incidence, clinical findings, location, etiology, clinical diagnosis, and surgical treatment of @entity3 of the larynx are discussed. Important features in the diagnosis and treatment of a @entity1 of the larynx are demonstrated in a case report. The @entity0 's chief complaint was @entity4 occurring with increasing frequency over a period of 12 months. Her @entity4 progressed in severity until an emergency tracheotomy was required for airway control. CT scan documented the attachment of the @entity1 to the right posterior lateral wall of the cricoid cartilage. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy were done to obtain tissue for diagnosis. The histopathological examination revealed @entity2 . The @entity1 was removed totally with a wide-margin mucous membrane incision and careful curettement. A definite difference in the consistency of the @entity1 compared to normal cartilage allowed complete excision of the @entity1 with minimal sacrifice of healthy cricoid cartilage. This presentation emphasizes the conservative surgical removal of these @entity1 and notes how a curette can be used for this removal.

title: Diagnosis and conservative surgical management of XXXX of the larynx.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe, in a population-based cohort, the incidence of and factors associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in pediatric-onset @entity1 . METHODS: Using the pediatric population-based EPIMAD Cohort (1988-2004), among 692 incident @entity1 cases, 128 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 25 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (22%) had undergone at least 1 major abdominal surgery at a median age of 16 years [interquartile range, Q1-Q3 = 14-17]. Factors associated with POC were assessed using Cox models. RESULTS: After a median postoperative follow-up of 8 years (3-12), 76 (49.7%) @entity0 had experienced at least 1 POC with a total of 113 complications. The frequency of severe POC (grade >2) was similar in @entity2 and @entity3 (28% of all complications versus 27%, P = 0.95). A total of 64 early @entity4 (within 30 d of surgery) were observed in 47 @entity0 (31%), with 33 being infectious and 31 noninfectious, higher in @entity3 than in @entity2 (25% of @entity0 with @entity2 versus 60% of @entity0 with @entity3 , P < 0.001). Forty-nine late @entity4 (>= 30 d) were observed in 37 @entity0 (24%). The occurrence of late POC was similar in @entity3 and @entity2 . The cumulative probability of POC was 31% (95% confidence interval, 24-39) at 1 month, 46% (38-54) at 1 year, and 48% (41-57) at 5 years. Multivariate analysis found that the @entity3 type was the only factor associated with early POC (hazard ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.4). CONCLUSIONS: One-half of the @entity0 with @entity1 had experienced at least 1 POC. Only @entity3 relative to @entity2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of early POC.

title: XXXX in Pediatric @entity1 : A Population-based Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe, in a population-based cohort, the incidence of and factors associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in pediatric-onset @entity1 . METHODS: Using the pediatric population-based EPIMAD Cohort (1988-2004), among 692 incident @entity1 cases, 128 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 25 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (22%) had undergone at least 1 major abdominal surgery at a median age of 16 years [interquartile range, Q1-Q3 = 14-17]. Factors associated with POC were assessed using Cox models. RESULTS: After a median postoperative follow-up of 8 years (3-12), 76 (49.7%) @entity0 had experienced at least 1 POC with a total of 113 complications. The frequency of severe POC (grade >2) was similar in @entity2 and @entity3 (28% of all complications versus 27%, P = 0.95). A total of 64 early @entity4 (within 30 d of surgery) were observed in 47 @entity0 (31%), with 33 being infectious and 31 noninfectious, higher in @entity3 than in @entity2 (25% of @entity0 with @entity2 versus 60% of @entity0 with @entity3 , P < 0.001). Forty-nine late @entity4 (>= 30 d) were observed in 37 @entity0 (24%). The occurrence of late POC was similar in @entity3 and @entity2 . The cumulative probability of POC was 31% (95% confidence interval, 24-39) at 1 month, 46% (38-54) at 1 year, and 48% (41-57) at 5 years. Multivariate analysis found that the @entity3 type was the only factor associated with early POC (hazard ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.4). CONCLUSIONS: One-half of the @entity0 with @entity1 had experienced at least 1 POC. Only @entity3 relative to @entity2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of early POC.

title: @entity4 in Pediatric XXXX : A Population-based Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the impact of adjuvant modalities on resected @entity1 (PAC). METHODS: A total of 563 @entity0 who were curatively resected for PAC were retrospectively analyzed between 2003 and 2013. RESULTS: Of 563 @entity0 , 472 received adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) alone, chemoradiotherapy (CRT) alone, and chemoradiotherapy plus chemotherapy (CRT-CT) were analyzed. Of the 472 @entity0 , 231 were given CRT-CT, 26 were given CRT, and 215 were given CT. The median @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were 12 and 19 months, respectively. When CT and CRT-CT groups were compared, there was no significant difference with respect to both @entity2 and @entity2 , and also there was no difference in @entity2 and @entity2 among CRT-CT, CT and CRT groups. To further investigate the impact of radiation on subgroups, @entity0 were stratified according to lymph node status and resection margins. In node-positive @entity0 , both @entity2 and @entity2 were significantly longer in CRT-CT than CT. In contrast, there was no significant difference between groups when @entity0 with node-negative disease or @entity0 with or without positive surgical margins were considered. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of radiation to CT has a survival benefit in @entity0 with @entity3 following pancreatic resection.

title: Impact of adjuvant treatment modalities on survival outcomes in curatively resected XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 has been an unpredictable, devasting complication following operations upon the thoracoabdominal aorta for over 30 years. The frequency ranges from 0.5% with operations for @entity5 to as high as 15% following surgery for thoracoabdominal @entity3 . Both uncertainty and controversy exist about the value of different protective methods during aortic crossclamping (AXC): heparinized shunts, partial bypass, and reimplantation of intercostal arteries. This report describes the authors' initial clinical experience with a highly sensitive indicator of @entity6 , somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in an attempt to prevent @entity4 associated with surgical procedures on the thoracoabdominal aorta. Seven consecutive @entity0 (one @entity5 , five @entity3 , one @entity3 ) underwent continuous operative monitoring of SEP. Cortical response to simultaneous electrical stimulation (20 mAmps, 0.6 mSec., 2.3 cps) of both the right and @entity7 was recorded before, during, and after AXC, and following operation. When @entity2 changes were detected by SEP, increasing distal circulation by different maneuvers (heparinized shunt, femoral-femoral bypass, reimplantation of intercostal arteries) reversed these changes. In two @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity2 changes appeared within three minutes after AXC and all potentials disappeared in nine minutes. Rapid insertion of a graft (AXC 28 and 37 minutes) resulted in SEP return 40 minutes following restoration of flow. These changes were prevented by a heparinized shunt in two @entity0 , femoral/femoral bypass in one, and T8-T9 intercostal reimplantation in one. No SEP changes occurred in the @entity0 with @entity5 . No postoperative @entity1 occurred. Continuous operative monitoring of SEP has exciting possibilities for preventing @entity4 . It is simple, highly sensitive, and seems to provide a precise measurement of adequacy of circulation to the spinal cord.

title: Measurement of XXXX during operations upon the thoracic aorta: initial clinical experience.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of population-based, multi-institutional analyses of factors associated with morbidity and mortality following @entity5 excision. METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project files were used to compile information on @entity0 that had undergone transnasal microscopic @entity5 resection from 2006 to 2012. @entity0 demographics, comorbidities, operative characteristics, and morbidity and mortality in the 30 days following surgery were included. Multivariate logistic regression was used for categorical variables and multivariate linear regression was used for continuous variables to evaluate factors leading to adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 658 @entity0 were included, of which 58 (8.81%) experienced a complication, reoperation or @entity1 in the 30 days following surgery. The most common complications were reoperation (3.37%), followed by unplanned reintubation (1.99%), @entity2 (1.68%), and transfusion (1.68%). Predictors of any complication, reoperation, or @entity1 include @entity3 (odds ratio [OR] = 7.596) and lower preoperative serum @entity6 (OR = 6.667). Younger age predicted surgical complications (OR = 1.105). Predictors of medical complications include higher body mass index (OR = 1.112), chronic @entity4 use (OR = 6.568), @entity3 (OR = 15.297), and lower preoperative serum hematocrit (OR = 1.225). Predictors of increased total length of hospital stay were older age (b = 0.146), higher body mass index (b = 0.188), chronic @entity4 use (b = 0.142), @entity3 (b = 0.489), and lower preoperative serum @entity6 (b = -0.213). CONCLUSION: Although adverse events following @entity5 excision are low, awareness of factors associated with morbidity and mortality in the early postoperative period may allow for improved @entity0 monitoring and outcomes.

title: Predictors of 30-day morbidity and mortality in transnasal microscopic XXXX excision.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide family physicians with a background understanding of the therapeutic regimens and treatment outcomes for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), as well as to help identify those @entity0 for whom dermatologist referral might be required. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: PubMed was searched for relevant articles regarding the treatment of @entity3 . MAIN MESSAGE: @entity4 areata is a form of autoimmune hair loss affecting both @entity0 and adults. While there is no associated mortality with the disease, morbidity from the psychological effects of hair loss can be devastating. Upon identification of @entity3 and the disease subtype, an appropriate therapeutic regimen can be instituted to help halt hair loss or possibly initiate hair regrowth. First-line treatment involves intralesional @entity5 with topical @entity2 or @entity7 or both. Primary care physicians can safely prescribe and institute these treatments. More advanced or refractory cases might require oral immunosuppressants, topical @entity9 , or topical @entity8 . Eyelash loss can be treated with @entity6 analogues. Those with extensive loss might choose camouflaging options or a hair prosthesis. It is important to monitor for @entity1 owing to the profound psychological effects of hair loss. CONCLUSION: Family physicians will encounter many @entity0 experiencing hair loss. Recognition of @entity3 and an understanding of the underlying disease process will allow an appropriate therapeutic regimen to be instituted. More advanced or refractory cases need to be identified, allowing for an appropriate dermatologist referral when necessary.

title: XXXX areata: Part 2: treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This report reviews experience with radiation therapy in 77 @entity0 with @entity4 of the head and neck, a lesion traditionally but incorrectly considered to be radiation-resistant. Thirteen @entity0 with @entity6 and 18 @entity0 with @entity6 @entity4 have been primarily irradiated. In 11 of the 13 @entity0 , the @entity6 has been locally controlled with no recurrence from 6 months to 5 years following treatment. One @entity0 had a local recurrence and was salvaged with further radiation therapy, and one @entity0 had @entity3 after irradiation and was salvaged with simple excision. Seventeen of 18 @entity0 primarily irradiated had @entity6 @entity4 that have been locally controlled from 6 months to 6 years after irradiation. One @entity0 had a local recurrence and was salvaged by excisional surgery. There have been no deaths from lentigenous @entity4 , and the cosmetic results of treatment are excellent. We concluded that radiation therapy is a simple, effective out- @entity0 treatment for @entity5 and @entity4 . Nonlentigenous @entity4 was irradiated after incisional biopsy in 6 @entity0 ; local control was obtained in 4 @entity0 although 1 died of distant @entity1 . Fifteen @entity0 were irradiated after excisional biopsy (margins inadequate); 14 of 15 had local control although 6 died of @entity1 . Only 2 of 16 @entity0 irradiated for recurrent @entity4 were controlled. Analysis of local control versus irradiation fraction size revealed that 17/24 (71%) achieved local control with a dose per fraction of greater than 400 rad as compared with 3 of 12 (25%) in those being irradiated with a dose of less than 400 rad per fraction. We concluded that nonlentigenous @entity4 is not radiation resistant and that local excision followed by radiation therapy with a large dose per fraction deserves further study, particularly in @entity4 of the head and neck where wide local excision is not possible due to age of the @entity0 or location of the @entity2 . Nine @entity4 have primarily irradiated and four have been locally controlled.

title: Radiation therapy for XXXX of the head and neck.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : A tissue-engineered cardiac patch provides a method to deliver cardiomyoctes to the injured myocardium with high cell retention and large, controlled @entity3 coverage, enhancing the ability of cells to limit remodeling after @entity3 . The patch environment can also yield increased survival. In the present study, we sought to assess the efficacy of a cardiac patch made from @entity0 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to engraft and limit left ventricular (LV) remodeling acutely after @entity3 . Cardiac patches were created from hiPSC-CMs and @entity0 pericytes (PCs) entrapped in a fibrin gel and implanted acutely onto athymic @entity1 hearts. hiPSC-CMs not only remained viable after in vivo culture, but also increased in number by as much as twofold, consistent with colocalization of human nuclear antigen, cardiac troponin T, and Ki-67 staining. CM+PC patches led to reduced @entity3 sizes compared with @entity2 -only controls at week 4, and CM+PC patch recipient hearts exhibited greater fractional shortening over all groups at both 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation. However, a decline occurred in fractional shortening for all groups over 4 weeks, and LV thinning was not mitigated. CM+PC patches became vascularized in vivo, and microvessels were more abundant in the host myocardium border zone, suggesting a paracrine mechanism for the improved cardiac function. PCs in a PC-only control patch did not survive 4 weeks in vivo. Our results indicate that cardiac patches containing hiPSC-CMs engraft onto acute @entity3 , and the hiPSC-CMs survive, proliferate, and contribute to a reduction in @entity3 size and improvements in cardiac function. SIGNIFICANCE: In the present study, a cardiac patch was created from @entity0 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and @entity0 pericytes entrapped in a fibrin gel, and it was transplanted onto infarcted @entity1 myocardium. It was found that a patch that contained both cardiomyocytes and pericytes survived transplantation and resulted in improved cardiac function and a reduced @entity3 size compared with controls.

title: Functional Effects of a Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Patch From XXXX Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a @entity1 Infarct Model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : A tissue-engineered cardiac patch provides a method to deliver cardiomyoctes to the injured myocardium with high cell retention and large, controlled @entity3 coverage, enhancing the ability of cells to limit remodeling after @entity3 . The patch environment can also yield increased survival. In the present study, we sought to assess the efficacy of a cardiac patch made from @entity0 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to engraft and limit left ventricular (LV) remodeling acutely after @entity3 . Cardiac patches were created from hiPSC-CMs and @entity0 pericytes (PCs) entrapped in a fibrin gel and implanted acutely onto athymic @entity1 hearts. hiPSC-CMs not only remained viable after in vivo culture, but also increased in number by as much as twofold, consistent with colocalization of human nuclear antigen, cardiac troponin T, and Ki-67 staining. CM+PC patches led to reduced @entity3 sizes compared with @entity2 -only controls at week 4, and CM+PC patch recipient hearts exhibited greater fractional shortening over all groups at both 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation. However, a decline occurred in fractional shortening for all groups over 4 weeks, and LV thinning was not mitigated. CM+PC patches became vascularized in vivo, and microvessels were more abundant in the host myocardium border zone, suggesting a paracrine mechanism for the improved cardiac function. PCs in a PC-only control patch did not survive 4 weeks in vivo. Our results indicate that cardiac patches containing hiPSC-CMs engraft onto acute @entity3 , and the hiPSC-CMs survive, proliferate, and contribute to a reduction in @entity3 size and improvements in cardiac function. SIGNIFICANCE: In the present study, a cardiac patch was created from @entity0 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and @entity0 pericytes entrapped in a fibrin gel, and it was transplanted onto infarcted @entity1 myocardium. It was found that a patch that contained both cardiomyocytes and pericytes survived transplantation and resulted in improved cardiac function and a reduced @entity3 size compared with controls.

title: Functional Effects of a Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Patch From @entity0 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a XXXX Infarct Model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The influence of various dosing regimens on the response of @entity6 @entity0 to aerosol @entity1 was investigated. @entity8 , a topically active @entity2 like @entity7 , was given q.i.d. or b.i.d., in the morning or A.M./P.M., at doses of 400, 800, and 1600 micrograms/day. Each @entity0 (n = 34) took every treatment combination for 2 wk. The antiasthmatic and systemic effects, measured by changes in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), blood eosinophils, and serum @entity5 levels increased approximately linearly on log dose @entity8 (p less than 0.0005). Systemic effects of the drug were nonsignificant at low dosage. At high dosage, morning dosing conserved hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, but at the cost of a marginal reduction in efficacy (delta PEFR, p = 0.12). Having the dose frequency reduced the antiasthmatic potency of the drug, i.e., PEFR fell by an amount equivalent to approximately eightfold reduction in daily dosage (p = 0.002). This effect was not evident when @entity4 was in remission but became so with @entity4 in relapse. Overall, the q.i.d. A.M./P.M. regimen showed the best risk-benefit relationships. The data indicate (1) that reductions in dose frequency made with the hope of improving @entity0 compliance and thus conserving the drug's long-term efficacy are likely to lead to the reverse effect, (2) that the clinician can conserve a better balance of risk vs benefit by titrating dosage in terms of puffs per dose rather than doses per day, and (3) that @entity0 can increase the antiasthmatic efficacy of this aerosol @entity1 without any increase in drug costs (or apparent risk) by simply increasing dosing frequency. These therapeutic considerations probably apply to some or all of the other topically active @entity3 currently used to treat @entity4 .

title: Influence of dosing frequency and schedule on the response of chronic asthmatics to the aerosol XXXX , @entity8 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The influence of various dosing regimens on the response of @entity6 @entity0 to aerosol @entity1 was investigated. @entity8 , a topically active @entity2 like @entity7 , was given q.i.d. or b.i.d., in the morning or A.M./P.M., at doses of 400, 800, and 1600 micrograms/day. Each @entity0 (n = 34) took every treatment combination for 2 wk. The antiasthmatic and systemic effects, measured by changes in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), blood eosinophils, and serum @entity5 levels increased approximately linearly on log dose @entity8 (p less than 0.0005). Systemic effects of the drug were nonsignificant at low dosage. At high dosage, morning dosing conserved hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, but at the cost of a marginal reduction in efficacy (delta PEFR, p = 0.12). Having the dose frequency reduced the antiasthmatic potency of the drug, i.e., PEFR fell by an amount equivalent to approximately eightfold reduction in daily dosage (p = 0.002). This effect was not evident when @entity4 was in remission but became so with @entity4 in relapse. Overall, the q.i.d. A.M./P.M. regimen showed the best risk-benefit relationships. The data indicate (1) that reductions in dose frequency made with the hope of improving @entity0 compliance and thus conserving the drug's long-term efficacy are likely to lead to the reverse effect, (2) that the clinician can conserve a better balance of risk vs benefit by titrating dosage in terms of puffs per dose rather than doses per day, and (3) that @entity0 can increase the antiasthmatic efficacy of this aerosol @entity1 without any increase in drug costs (or apparent risk) by simply increasing dosing frequency. These therapeutic considerations probably apply to some or all of the other topically active @entity3 currently used to treat @entity4 .

title: Influence of dosing frequency and schedule on the response of chronic asthmatics to the aerosol @entity1 , XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: This study investigated the effects of individual @entity0 cardiac nerve stimulation on atrioventricular conductions as measured by His bundle electrograms. A-H and @entity7 -V intervals were measured before and during stimulation of each nerve in paced hearts (200 beats/min) and before and after blocking doses of either @entity6 or @entity4 . Increases in A-H or H-V intervals were evidence of parasympathetic innervation; decreases in intervals were evidence of sympathetic innervation. Separation by autonomic composition produced 3 categories: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and mixed input to the @entity2 . The sympathetic nerves were the left and right ansae subclavia, the ventrolateral cardiac nerve, and the right stellate cardiac nerve. The parasympathetic nerve was the right thoracic vagus, and the mixed nerves were the left thoracic vagus, and the innominate, ventromedial, craniovagal, caudovagal, and right recurrent @entity1 . The @entity1 eliciting a major response were the left and right ansae subclavia, the ventrolateral, right recurrent, @entity1 , and the left and right thoracic vagi. In theory, the nerves of the right side, because of their innervation of both sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, may be expected to elicit a balanced heart rate- @entity2 response when stimulated, thus matching @entity5 . On the other hand, stimulation of the ventrolateral cardiac nerve regularly produces @entity3 , due to increased automaticity at the @entity2 . Production of such @entity3 indicates the possible implication of imbalanced autonomic activity in arrhythmogenesis. Three @entity1 produced little or no effect on @entity2 . These were the innominate, ventromedial, and @entity1 . Because of its limited distribution and marked sinus rate effects, the right stellate cardiac nerve can be considered almost a purely positive chronotropic nerve. Its possible role in heart rate- @entity2 mismatching has not been delineated but, because of its nearly exclusive action at the sinoatrial node, may be of considerable importance.

title: Effects of individual cardiac nerve stimulation on XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The optimal dialysate @entity4 concentration (DCC) in hemodialysis @entity0 is still debated. Strategies have varied over time due to developments in the treatments available for mineral @entity2 and our increasing knowledge of bone and @entity3 . International recommendations [Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDIGO) and European Best Practice Guidelines] urge for DCC individualization in order to meet the @entity0 's specific needs whenever possible. In this review, we aim to discuss the pros and cons of individualizing the DCC in hemodialysis @entity0 . RECENT FINDINGS: Different regions of the world have various strategies with respect to DCCs. Decreasing the DCC slightly reduces calcemia, but mainly stimulates @entity1 . Conversely, increasing the DCC increases calcemia slightly and reduces @entity1 markedly. Furthermore, higher DCCs favor hemodynamic stability and can prevent @entity5 . The impact of DCC individualization on survival rate or cardiovascular calcification progression has not been evaluated. SUMMARY: Individualizing DCC appears to be useful but requires time, a clear defined strategy, and close biological monitoring. Even though some studies have shown that using individualized DCCs of 1.25 or 1.75mmol/l is not harmful, the real benefits of this strategy need to be assessed in a large, multicentric trial.

title: Individualizing the dialysate XXXX concentration.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The karyotype, @entity1 cell morphology (FAB classification), ethnic group, age, sex, and survival were compared in 60 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significance. An ethnic age difference was observed; a significantly greater number of black @entity0 were @entity0 . The majority of @entity0 were males. A higher frequency of @entity2 was detected in @entity0 , yet they survived longer than adults. A specific, significant association between a (8; 21) karyotype and M2- @entity3 was confirmed; four of ten @entity0 with M2- @entity3 showed this translocation. The more mature morphology of M2- @entity3 was associated with a longer survival irrespective of karyotype, ethnic group, and age. The specificity of t(15; 17) in M3- @entity3 and nonrandom monosomy 7 in preleukemic @entity0 was confirmed. @entity0 , particularly adults, with normal karyotypes tended to survive longer than those with abnormal karyotypes. The @entity0 's age and the differentiative capacity of the leukemic cell appear to be as important as the karyotype in determining survival. The nonrandom association of certain chromosome aberrations in @entity3 appears to be worldwide.

title: Karyotype analysis in XXXX ( @entity3 ): comparison with ethnic group, age, morphology, and survival.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The karyotype, @entity1 cell morphology (FAB classification), ethnic group, age, sex, and survival were compared in 60 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significance. An ethnic age difference was observed; a significantly greater number of black @entity0 were @entity0 . The majority of @entity0 were males. A higher frequency of @entity2 was detected in @entity0 , yet they survived longer than adults. A specific, significant association between a (8; 21) karyotype and M2- @entity3 was confirmed; four of ten @entity0 with M2- @entity3 showed this translocation. The more mature morphology of M2- @entity3 was associated with a longer survival irrespective of karyotype, ethnic group, and age. The specificity of t(15; 17) in M3- @entity3 and nonrandom monosomy 7 in preleukemic @entity0 was confirmed. @entity0 , particularly adults, with normal karyotypes tended to survive longer than those with abnormal karyotypes. The @entity0 's age and the differentiative capacity of the leukemic cell appear to be as important as the karyotype in determining survival. The nonrandom association of certain chromosome aberrations in @entity3 appears to be worldwide.

title: Karyotype analysis in @entity3 ( XXXX ): comparison with ethnic group, age, morphology, and survival.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids exert a well-known catabolic protein action on skeletal muscle. The mechanistic target of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) signaling pathway acts as a central regulator of protein metabolism. Whether glucocorticoids regulate protein synthesis through the @entity6 pathway in skeletal muscle of @entity3 remains unknown. This study was performed to characterize the effect of glucocorticoids on the @entity6 pathway in skeletal muscle development in @entity3 , and on protein synthesis in cultured @entity4 . Male 29-d-old @entity3 were given a @entity1 injection (2   mg/kg) twice per day for 4   d (n   =   16). @entity3 @entity4 were exposed to @entity1 for 24   h (100     mol/L, n   =   4 cultures). The interaction between @entity1 and @entity0 was also investigated. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple test were used to analyze the effects of the @entity1 and @entity0 treatments. The results showed that @entity1 decreased body @entity2 , body weight, and feed efficiency. Protein synthesis was inhibited by in vitro @entity1 exposure. Phosphorylation of @entity6 and ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase (p70S6K) were inhibited by @entity1 , suggesting the @entity6 pathway may be involved in @entity1 -regulated muscle protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of @entity7 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) was not altered in vitro but was reduced in vivo by @entity1 . These results imply that the @entity6 and AMPK pathways are both involved in retarding muscle development and protein synthesis by glucocorticoids, but the @entity6 pathway is a critical point linking glucocorticoid and protein synthesis. @entity0 , at least partially, inhibited the effects of @entity1 on protein synthesis via the @entity6 pathway.

title: Glucocorticoids retard skeletal muscle development and myoblast protein synthesis through a mechanistic target of XXXX ( @entity6 )-signaling pathway in broilers ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids exert a well-known catabolic protein action on skeletal muscle. The mechanistic target of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) signaling pathway acts as a central regulator of protein metabolism. Whether glucocorticoids regulate protein synthesis through the @entity6 pathway in skeletal muscle of @entity3 remains unknown. This study was performed to characterize the effect of glucocorticoids on the @entity6 pathway in skeletal muscle development in @entity3 , and on protein synthesis in cultured @entity4 . Male 29-d-old @entity3 were given a @entity1 injection (2   mg/kg) twice per day for 4   d (n   =   16). @entity3 @entity4 were exposed to @entity1 for 24   h (100     mol/L, n   =   4 cultures). The interaction between @entity1 and @entity0 was also investigated. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple test were used to analyze the effects of the @entity1 and @entity0 treatments. The results showed that @entity1 decreased body @entity2 , body weight, and feed efficiency. Protein synthesis was inhibited by in vitro @entity1 exposure. Phosphorylation of @entity6 and ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase (p70S6K) were inhibited by @entity1 , suggesting the @entity6 pathway may be involved in @entity1 -regulated muscle protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of @entity7 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) was not altered in vitro but was reduced in vivo by @entity1 . These results imply that the @entity6 and AMPK pathways are both involved in retarding muscle development and protein synthesis by glucocorticoids, but the @entity6 pathway is a critical point linking glucocorticoid and protein synthesis. @entity0 , at least partially, inhibited the effects of @entity1 on protein synthesis via the @entity6 pathway.

title: Glucocorticoids retard skeletal muscle development and myoblast protein synthesis through a mechanistic target of @entity5 ( XXXX )-signaling pathway in broilers ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids exert a well-known catabolic protein action on skeletal muscle. The mechanistic target of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) signaling pathway acts as a central regulator of protein metabolism. Whether glucocorticoids regulate protein synthesis through the @entity6 pathway in skeletal muscle of @entity3 remains unknown. This study was performed to characterize the effect of glucocorticoids on the @entity6 pathway in skeletal muscle development in @entity3 , and on protein synthesis in cultured @entity4 . Male 29-d-old @entity3 were given a @entity1 injection (2   mg/kg) twice per day for 4   d (n   =   16). @entity3 @entity4 were exposed to @entity1 for 24   h (100     mol/L, n   =   4 cultures). The interaction between @entity1 and @entity0 was also investigated. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple test were used to analyze the effects of the @entity1 and @entity0 treatments. The results showed that @entity1 decreased body @entity2 , body weight, and feed efficiency. Protein synthesis was inhibited by in vitro @entity1 exposure. Phosphorylation of @entity6 and ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase (p70S6K) were inhibited by @entity1 , suggesting the @entity6 pathway may be involved in @entity1 -regulated muscle protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of @entity7 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) was not altered in vitro but was reduced in vivo by @entity1 . These results imply that the @entity6 and AMPK pathways are both involved in retarding muscle development and protein synthesis by glucocorticoids, but the @entity6 pathway is a critical point linking glucocorticoid and protein synthesis. @entity0 , at least partially, inhibited the effects of @entity1 on protein synthesis via the @entity6 pathway.

title: Glucocorticoids retard skeletal muscle development and myoblast protein synthesis through a mechanistic target of @entity5 ( @entity6 )-signaling pathway in broilers ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: The spontaneous changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during the first 24 hours of a first transmural @entity3 were assessed in 34 @entity0 by serial gated cardiac blood pool imaging. Major therapeutic interventions with a view to limit @entity3 size were not used. Four determinations of LVEF were performed. Study 1 was performed as soon as possible after admission to the hospital. Studies 2 and 3 were performed 2 and 4 hours, respectively, after study 1. Twenty-four @entity0 (70%) had study 1 within 6 hours after the onset of acute @entity2 and 10 had it 6-12 hours after the onset of @entity2 . Study 4 was performed 24 hours after the onset of @entity2 . Compared with study 1, 19 of 34 @entity0 (56%) had spontaneous changes in LVEF in at least one of the subsequent studies, exceeding the expected variability in stable @entity0 . The changes ranged from a 32% increase to 14% absolute decrease. LVEF improved in 11 @entity0 and deteriorated in eight. These spontaneous changes in left ventricular performance indicate that a single assessment of LVEF during the early hours of transmural @entity1 may not properly characterize cardiac performance in an individual @entity0 and may not be the most appropriate reference against which to compare subsequent evolution of left ventricular function. These data may have implications for studies of the effects of early therapeutic interventions on LVEF.

title: Spontaneous changes in left ventricular function over the first 24 hours of XXXX : implications for evaluating early therapeutic interventions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Serum levels of @entity7 kinase (CK) and its myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) were measured and serial ECG recorded in 24 male and 6 female @entity0 with severe @entity3 . All @entity0 were @entity6 , but no @entity0 sustained a spinal or @entity5 . Total CK activity was elevated in at least one sample in each @entity0 . Elevated CK-MB activity was found in 28 @entity0 . The serial CK-MB data did not follow the same pattern as that of @entity0 suffering from @entity4 . The mean CK-MB remained elevated for at least 3 days after injury, although individual patterns were variable. ECG abnormalities included prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) in 90% and a variety of nonspecific ST segment and T wave changes in 53%. These ECG findings are consistent with other clinical studies of severe @entity1 , particularly cerebrovascular accidents. The elevated CK-MB activity indicates that ongoing @entity2 occurs in @entity0 with severe @entity3 . Although the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear, an excessive release of @entity8 is the most likely mechanism accounting for @entity2 , prolonged elevated CK-MB values and the observed ECG abnormalities.

title: Biochemical evidence of XXXX after severe @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Serum levels of @entity7 kinase (CK) and its myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) were measured and serial ECG recorded in 24 male and 6 female @entity0 with severe @entity3 . All @entity0 were @entity6 , but no @entity0 sustained a spinal or @entity5 . Total CK activity was elevated in at least one sample in each @entity0 . Elevated CK-MB activity was found in 28 @entity0 . The serial CK-MB data did not follow the same pattern as that of @entity0 suffering from @entity4 . The mean CK-MB remained elevated for at least 3 days after injury, although individual patterns were variable. ECG abnormalities included prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) in 90% and a variety of nonspecific ST segment and T wave changes in 53%. These ECG findings are consistent with other clinical studies of severe @entity1 , particularly cerebrovascular accidents. The elevated CK-MB activity indicates that ongoing @entity2 occurs in @entity0 with severe @entity3 . Although the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear, an excessive release of @entity8 is the most likely mechanism accounting for @entity2 , prolonged elevated CK-MB values and the observed ECG abnormalities.

title: Biochemical evidence of @entity2 after severe XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Host inflammatory response to any form of tissue injury, including burn, @entity0 , or shock has been well documented. After significant burns, cytokines can increase substantially within the first 24hours after injury and may contribute to subsequent organ failure. Hemoadsorption by cytokine-adsorbing columns may attenuate this maladaptive response thereby improving outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, technical safety and efficacy of cytokine and myoglobin removal by early use of a cytokine absorbing column (CytoSorb) in a porcine model of @entity4 and @entity0 . METHODS: Anesthetized female Yorkshire @entity2 (n=15) were injured by wood bark @entity4 and a 40% total body surface area deep burn and observed for 72hours or @entity1 . The animals were randomized to hemoadsorption treatment (n=9) or a sham group (n=6) before injury. A six hour hemoadsorption or sham session was performed on days one, two and three. Serum cytokines ( @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity5 ) and myoglobin were measured systemically, locally in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and also in circulating blood before and after the adsorbing column to evaluate single pass clearance by the device. RESULTS: Hemoadsorption caused significant removal of @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity7 and myoglobin across the device mainly during the first run, ranging from 22% for @entity8 to 29% for @entity6 and 41% removal rates for myoglobin after 15min of treatment. Systemic cytokine or myoglobin serum concentrations did not change. CONCLUSION: In a porcine model of smoke and @entity0 , hemoadsorption using the CytoSorb cartridge did not result in significant systemic or pulmonary reductions in the measured cytokines or myoglobin despite efficient transmembrane reductions. Further investigations are needed to optimize the efficiency of mediator clearance to impact both circulating levels and clinically relevant outcomes.

title: EVALUATION OF THE Cytosorb   HEMOADSORPTIVE COLUMN IN A XXXX MODEL OF SEVERE SMOKE AND BURN INJURY.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as a bridge to surgery (BTS) for obstructive @entity1 is known to be effective. However, whether the use of a @entity4 as a BTS for obstruction induced by effective chemotherapy (CTx) is useful is unknown. We present the case of a 54-year-old female @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent @entity4 placement as a BTS for @entity1 induced by bevacizumab-based CTx. The @entity0 was diagnosed as having transverse @entity3 with multiple liver metastases invading the inferior vena cava. Bevacizumab-based CTx was started; however, although it was effective, @entity3 occurred at the primary site after 31  months. A @entity4 was placed as a BTS, and surgical resection of the @entity2 was performed after cessation of bevacizumab. However, the liver metastases remained unresectable. CTx was restarted after surgery, and 48-month survival was achieved. This case shows that @entity4 placement as a BTS for @entity1 induced by a good response to bevacizumab-based CTx was safe and beneficial. With the development of CTx and molecular-targeted agents, the frequency of @entity1 associated with effective CTx is expected to increase. @entity4 placement as a BTS might be one of the treatment options.

title: Successful endoscopic stent placement as a bridge to surgery for XXXX induced by bevacizumab-based chemotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is a rare @entity1 which often presents with dermatological problems. @entity7 , which involves urethral self-instrumentation and foreign body insertion, is exceptionally rare. This is the first case report to date that provides a detailed presentation of the urological manifestation of @entity7 with complications associated with repeated self-instrumentation and foreign body insertion, resulting in stricture formation and requiring perineal urethrostomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old Irish @entity0 was electively admitted for perineal urethrostomy with chronic symptoms of @entity6 , haematuria, urethral discharge, and intermittent urinary retention. He reported a 4-year history of intermittent @entity2 , @entity5 , and burrowing sensations, and held the belief that his urethra was infested with ticks. He also reported a 2-year history of daily self-instrumentation, mainly injecting an antiseptic using a syringe in an attempt to eliminate the ticks. He was found to have urethral strictures secondary to repeated self-instrumentation. A foreign body was found in his urethra and was removed via cystoscopy. On @entity1 assessment, he displayed a fixed delusion of @entity3 and threatened to surgically remove the tick himself if no intervention was performed. The surgery was postponed due his mental state and he was started on @entity4 ; he was later transferred to an acute in- @entity0 @entity1 unit. Following a 3-week admission, he reported improvement in his thoughts and distress. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is a rare @entity1 . Self-inflicted urethral foreign bodies in males are rare and have high comorbidity with @entity1 ; hence, these @entity0 have a low threshold for referral for @entity1 assessment. The mainstay treatment for @entity7 is second-generation antipsychotic drugs.

title: Urethral stricture secondary to self-instrumentation due to XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity7