abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is a rare, immune-mediated entity. We present an unusual case of a @entity0 who has double @entity1 and two different @entity2 . CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old gentleman has histories of @entity10 and @entity1 associated with @entity8 , which underwent surgery and chemotherapy 3 years ago. This time, he presented to our ward with rapidly progressive memory decline and @entity9 in his limbs for two weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain showed increased signal intensity over bilateral mesial temporal regions on T2 Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recover (FLAIR) series. Chest computed tomography showed @entity1 recurrence. He received @entity7 pulse therapy firstly and right lung lower lobe lobectomy later. Pathology report of the @entity1 was recurrent @entity6 . After the immunotherapy and @entity1 resection, his mentality improved gradually. Six months later, brain MRI showed resolution of bilateral temporal hyperintensity with residual mesial temporal atrophy. CONCLUSION: From our case, we would like to emphasize that paraneoplastic @entity11 should be considered among the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive @entity5 associated with @entity9 , along with other @entity4 . Depending on its underlying @entity1 , the @entity3 may be substantially reversible, despite atrophy of mesial temporal lobes.

title: Paraneoplastic XXXX Associated with @entity10 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: This study evaluated the use of @entity5 for @entity2 in @entity1 DESIGN: Phase II open-label prospective study. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: No previous use of @entity5 or current use of other antidepressants. EVALUATION: @entity2 and response to treatment were determined by asking the @entity0 : "are you depressed?" @entity0 were assessed at baseline and at days 3, 5, and 7. TREATMENT: Starting dose was 5 mg at 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. The dose was titrated for lack of response on any of the assessment days. RESPONSE CRITERIA: A negative response to the question: "are you depressed?" RESULTS: Some 41 @entity0 were enrolled and 30 (15 @entity0 , 15 @entity0 ) completed the study. Median age was 68 years (range: 30-90). @entity5 was stopped for six @entity0 because of side effects and five were not evaluable; 21 responded to 10 mg/day on day 3; the other nine responded to 20 mg/day on day 5, 29 maintained their positive response through day 7. @entity3 , @entity4 , concentration, and sedation also improved in some. All who completed the study had tolerable side effects, none of which caused treatment to stop. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is effective for @entity2 in @entity1 A starting dose of 10 mg in divided doses is effective in most @entity0 . Dose escalation may be needed. Improvement occurs within three days. Close monitoring of side effects is recommended.

title: A phase II study of @entity5 for XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study evaluated the use of @entity5 for @entity2 in @entity1 DESIGN: Phase II open-label prospective study. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: No previous use of @entity5 or current use of other antidepressants. EVALUATION: @entity2 and response to treatment were determined by asking the @entity0 : "are you depressed?" @entity0 were assessed at baseline and at days 3, 5, and 7. TREATMENT: Starting dose was 5 mg at 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. The dose was titrated for lack of response on any of the assessment days. RESPONSE CRITERIA: A negative response to the question: "are you depressed?" RESULTS: Some 41 @entity0 were enrolled and 30 (15 @entity0 , 15 @entity0 ) completed the study. Median age was 68 years (range: 30-90). @entity5 was stopped for six @entity0 because of side effects and five were not evaluable; 21 responded to 10 mg/day on day 3; the other nine responded to 20 mg/day on day 5, 29 maintained their positive response through day 7. @entity3 , @entity4 , concentration, and sedation also improved in some. All who completed the study had tolerable side effects, none of which caused treatment to stop. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is effective for @entity2 in @entity1 A starting dose of 10 mg in divided doses is effective in most @entity0 . Dose escalation may be needed. Improvement occurs within three days. Close monitoring of side effects is recommended.

title: A phase II study of XXXX for @entity2 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study evaluated the use of @entity5 for @entity2 in @entity1 DESIGN: Phase II open-label prospective study. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: No previous use of @entity5 or current use of other antidepressants. EVALUATION: @entity2 and response to treatment were determined by asking the @entity0 : "are you depressed?" @entity0 were assessed at baseline and at days 3, 5, and 7. TREATMENT: Starting dose was 5 mg at 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. The dose was titrated for lack of response on any of the assessment days. RESPONSE CRITERIA: A negative response to the question: "are you depressed?" RESULTS: Some 41 @entity0 were enrolled and 30 (15 @entity0 , 15 @entity0 ) completed the study. Median age was 68 years (range: 30-90). @entity5 was stopped for six @entity0 because of side effects and five were not evaluable; 21 responded to 10 mg/day on day 3; the other nine responded to 20 mg/day on day 5, 29 maintained their positive response through day 7. @entity3 , @entity4 , concentration, and sedation also improved in some. All who completed the study had tolerable side effects, none of which caused treatment to stop. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is effective for @entity2 in @entity1 A starting dose of 10 mg in divided doses is effective in most @entity0 . Dose escalation may be needed. Improvement occurs within three days. Close monitoring of side effects is recommended.

title: A phase II study of @entity5 for @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three large, ongoing, international clinical trials will greatly improve our understanding of @entity3 management. The trials, which include the INternational VErapamil SR/trandolapril STudy (INVEST), the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity4 Trial (ALLHAT), and the Controlled ONset Verapamil INvestigation of Cardiovascular Endpoints (CONVINCE) trial, enrolled a combined total of 81,649 @entity0 over a 7-year period from 18 different @entity8 , South America, Europe, and Australia-Asia. The mean age of all subjects was 66 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.5. In addition, 30% of all @entity0 had @entity1 and 43% had documented @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In INVEST, 100% of enrolled @entity0 had documented @entity5 and 27% had @entity1 . Of @entity0 treated for 12 months in INVEST, a systolic blood pressure (SBP) <140 mmHg was achieved by 70% of nondiabetics, and 66% of @entity0 with @entity1 achieved that level. Of all the @entity0 enrolled in the three trials, 38% were smokers, 25% had a history of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or @entity2 , and 52% had a history of @entity7 . Although these clinical trials are likely to influence treatment guidelines, they may not affect the way medicine is practiced. A survey of primary care physicians found that 41% had not heard of or were not familiar with the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) guidelines. The JNC VI and European guidelines provide management strategies based on severity of coronary risk factors, target organ damage, and blood pressure levels. Primary care physicians have a responsibility to be educated about risk stratification, goals of treatment based on risk, and management strategies for @entity3 from available treatment guidelines.

title: How will INVEST and other XXXX trials change clinical practice?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Intrinsic radioresistance, @entity2 @entity6 and ability of @entity2 cells to undergo rapid repopulation during radiotherapy are associated with failure of radiotherapy. Tumors with low alpha/beta-ratio values or @entity2 unable to undergo re-oxygenation, are unlikely to be eradicated with standard radiotherapy. Although the therapeutic efficacy of accelerated regimens based on low-dose per fraction may be high since they minimize the adverse role of rapid @entity2 repopulation, the cellular compartment with low alpha/beta-ratio values (i.e. @entity6 cells) remains a limiting factor. Accelerated hypofractionation, which may be more effective in such @entity2 , cannot be safely applied unless normal tissues are protected. In the present study we assessed the feasibility of hypofractionated and accelerated radiotherapy supported by cytoprotection (HypoARC) with high dose daily @entity8 . Fifteen @entity0 @entity1 with locally advanced disease entered radiation-dose escalation protocoL Twelve consecutive fractions of 3.5-4Gy (5 fractions/week) were given to the breast/chest wall, supraclavicular and axillary area, within 17 days. A high dose of @entity8 , at 1,000 mg flat dose, was given 20 minutes before each radiotherapy fraction. @entity8 administration was well- tolerated with minor side-effects ( @entity5 in 6 out of 15 and hypotention in 2 out of 15 @entity1 ). Radiation induced @entity4 was negligible (grade 3 in 1 out of 15 @entity1 ). Ten out of 15 @entity1 survived more than 12 months and 7 out of 15 more than 18 months following HypoARC. None of these @entity1 showed any signs of late sequellae, such as @entity3 , or @entity7 . Complete and partial responses were obtained in 11 out of 15 (73%) and in 4 out of 15 (27%) @entity1 , respectively. High dose daily @entity8 during hypofractionated radiotherapy is feasible. HypoARC regimen is well-tolerated, effective and has minimal acute and late @entity4 to normal breast, chest and axillary tissues.

title: High dose daily XXXX and hypofractionated intensively accelerated radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity0 . A phase I/II study and report on early and late sequellae.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Intrinsic radioresistance, @entity2 @entity6 and ability of @entity2 cells to undergo rapid repopulation during radiotherapy are associated with failure of radiotherapy. Tumors with low alpha/beta-ratio values or @entity2 unable to undergo re-oxygenation, are unlikely to be eradicated with standard radiotherapy. Although the therapeutic efficacy of accelerated regimens based on low-dose per fraction may be high since they minimize the adverse role of rapid @entity2 repopulation, the cellular compartment with low alpha/beta-ratio values (i.e. @entity6 cells) remains a limiting factor. Accelerated hypofractionation, which may be more effective in such @entity2 , cannot be safely applied unless normal tissues are protected. In the present study we assessed the feasibility of hypofractionated and accelerated radiotherapy supported by cytoprotection (HypoARC) with high dose daily @entity8 . Fifteen @entity0 @entity1 with locally advanced disease entered radiation-dose escalation protocoL Twelve consecutive fractions of 3.5-4Gy (5 fractions/week) were given to the breast/chest wall, supraclavicular and axillary area, within 17 days. A high dose of @entity8 , at 1,000 mg flat dose, was given 20 minutes before each radiotherapy fraction. @entity8 administration was well- tolerated with minor side-effects ( @entity5 in 6 out of 15 and hypotention in 2 out of 15 @entity1 ). Radiation induced @entity4 was negligible (grade 3 in 1 out of 15 @entity1 ). Ten out of 15 @entity1 survived more than 12 months and 7 out of 15 more than 18 months following HypoARC. None of these @entity1 showed any signs of late sequellae, such as @entity3 , or @entity7 . Complete and partial responses were obtained in 11 out of 15 (73%) and in 4 out of 15 (27%) @entity1 , respectively. High dose daily @entity8 during hypofractionated radiotherapy is feasible. HypoARC regimen is well-tolerated, effective and has minimal acute and late @entity4 to normal breast, chest and axillary tissues.

title: High dose daily @entity8 and hypofractionated intensively accelerated radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX . A phase I/II study and report on early and late sequellae.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is accepted as standard adjuvant treatment for @entity1 and results in excellent survival rates. The optimal radiation field for @entity1 , however, is still being discussed. @entity0 AND METHODS: In a retrospective study we evaluated long-term results concerning survival, relapse-pattern, and acute and chronic @entity2 in @entity0 receiving adjuvant radiotherapy of the paraaortic and ipsilateral iliac lymph nodes (hockey-stick, @entity4 ) versus radiotherapy of the paraaortic lymph nodes only (PA). From 1979-1997, 129 @entity0 (median age 32 years) in clinical stage I received adjuvant radiotherapy. Eighty-seven @entity0 were treated with 36 Gy to the @entity4 field and 42 @entity0 were treated with a median of 28 Gy to the PA field. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7.7 years ( @entity4 ) and 5.2 years (PA) the relapse rate was 3.4% and 2.4%, respectively. There was no abdominal or pelvic recurrence in either group. Radiotherapy was well tolerated in both groups. No significant difference in acute or chronic @entity2 was noted. However, lower gastrointestinal tract @entity2 and myelotoxicities appeared less frequent in the PA group. Second @entity1 only occurred in the @entity4 group. Overall survival in the @entity4 and PA group was 96.6% and 100%, respectively. No @entity0 died of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: With paraaortic radiotherapy only, long-term disease-specific survival was excellent. Decreased risk of acute @entity2 and of second @entity1 are potential benefits of the reduced radiation field.

title: Long term results and morbidity of paraaortic compared with paraaortic and iliac adjuvant radiation in clinical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 of the uterus are highly aggressive @entity2 with early lymphatic and hematogenous spread. The most important prognostic factor in @entity7 is the extent of the @entity2 at the time of diagnosis. The prognostic impact of other factors such as @entity1 , menopausal age, age, parity and adjuvant therapy is still being discussed controversially. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 with histologically proven @entity7 were included in the analysis. The @entity0 were staged according to a modification of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for @entity5 . For each @entity0 , the histological material was reviewed by an experienced pathologist. @entity7 was defined histologically as any @entity2 of uterine origin composed of @entity6 . RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 91 months (25% quartile, 47 months; 75% quartile, 145 months). The median overall survival of the 19 @entity0 was 59 months, resulting in a 5-year overall survival rate of 43%. Three out of the nineteen (16%) @entity0 @entity4 while 6 out of 10 (32%) @entity0 developed @entity3 with a median disease free survival of 16 months (range 8-54). Eleven out of nineteen (58%) @entity0 died of the disease. A univariate model revealed that early @entity2 stage (stage 1) (p<0.023), low @entity1 (p<0.017) and late onset of the menopause (p<0.050) were significantly associated with a lengthened overall survival in @entity0 with @entity7 . Age (p=0.34), parity (p=0.16) and adjuvant radiotherapy (p=0.45) did not influence overall survival of @entity0 with @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Early @entity2 stage, low @entity1 and late onset of the menopause are associated with a lengthened overall survival in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Prognostic parameters in XXXX of the uterus: a clinico-pathologic study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The objectives of this study was to compare electrovaporization (EVAP) of the prostate to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). A prospective evaluation of 60 @entity0 treated for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was carried out between November 1994 and November 1996. Twenty five @entity0 were treated with TURP and 35 @entity0 with EVAP. All @entity0 had a minimum 12 month follow-up. The results obtained were comparable in terms of surgical procedure time with a bloodless surgical field using EVAP. EVAP was advantageous in reducing the time with indwelling urinary catheter postoperatively and reducing hospital stay. At 12 month follow-up results of flow rates and symptom scores were similar for both TURP and EVAP. Reoperation rate for residual @entity1 in the EVAP group was higher than for TURP, suggesting that EVAP should probably be limited to smaller sized glands. This study suggests that EVAP is a viable alternative to TURP in selected @entity0 . It requires no specialized equipment and may allow a reduction in catheterization and hospital stay.

title: [Comparison of prostatic electro-vaporization and transurethral resection in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prevalence rates of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) vary from 1.6% to 16.4% worldwide. Screening guidelines are variable and not evidence based. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of @entity2 in @entity3 . METHODS: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Studies were limited to those in English and in @entity0 . We selected longitudinal cohort studies screening for @entity2 in @entity3 with at least 5 years of follow-up. Screening rates, characteristics, and prevalence of biopsy-proven @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 were extracted. RESULTS: We identified 457 nonduplicate citations; 48 were selected for full-text review. Nine longitudinal cohort studies in 11   157 @entity0 and adolescents with 587 cases of biopsy-proven @entity2 met the inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 10 years (range: 5-18 years). The weighted pooled prevalence of @entity2 was 5.1% (95% confidence interval: 3.1-7.4%). After excluding 41 cases with @entity2 onset before @entity3 , @entity2 was diagnosed in 218 of 546 (40%) subjects within 1 year, in 55% within 2 years, and in 79% within 5 years of @entity1 duration. Two studies (478 cases) reported higher rates of @entity2 in @entity0 aged <5 years at @entity3 diagnosis. The duration of follow-up varied across the included studies. @entity2 screening frequency progressively decreased with increased @entity3 duration. CONCLUSIONS: Because most cases of @entity2 are diagnosed within 5 years of @entity3 diagnosis, screening should be considered at @entity3 diagnosis and within 2 and 5 years thereafter. @entity2 screening should be considered at other times in @entity0 with symptoms suggestive of @entity2 . More research is required to determine the screening frequency beyond 5 years of @entity1 duration.

title: Screening for XXXX : A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unintentional @entity0 due to prescription drug-related @entity1 has been a growing problem nationally. Some sub-populations have been shown to be at higher risk than others. METHODS: In 2014, we matched @entity0 records to Medicaid eligibility files to determine enrollment status at the time of unintentional @entity0 from prescription opioid @entity1 from 2003 to 2012 in Montana. Medicaid prescription claims for decedents were used to assess prescribing patterns and time between refills. RESULTS: The age-adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 from opioid @entity1 for adults aged 18-64 years and enrolled in Medicaid at the time of @entity0 was eight times higher than the rate for non-Medicaid Montana adults (38.2 [95% CI (30.7-45.7)] vs. 4.7 [95% CI (4.1-5.3)]). Twenty-eight percent of unintentional @entity1 deaths during this time frame were among Medicaid members. Only 33% of the Medicaid decedents had a claim for an opioid prescription during the month before their @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that more needs to be done to address prescription opioid use in Montana. Adults enrolled in Medicaid continue to be at high risk for prescription opioid unintentional @entity1 deaths. Data on prescribing practices suggest that there are opportunities to intervene and provide education on use of opioid medications for Medicaid members and prescribing providers.

title: High mortality rate of unintentional XXXX due to prescription opioids in adults enrolled in Medicaid compared to those not enrolled in Medicaid in Montana.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are common symptoms within different phenotypes of the mitochondrial DNA @entity13 mutation. DESIGN: A series of 52 adults with mitochondrial @entity11 and their symptomatic relatives were screened for the @entity13 mutation using restriction enzyme analysis. In addition to clinical examination, @entity0 with the mutation underwent audiometry. RESULTS: The @entity13 mutation was identified in 16 @entity0 (10 index @entity0 and 6 symptomatic relatives). Six of these @entity0 presented with strokelike episodes and met the classical criteria of @entity12 ( @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity10 , @entity6 ), and one had @entity12 / @entity14 ( @entity8 with ragged-red fibers) overlap syndrome. Two @entity0 presented with strokelike episodes but did not meet the classical criteria of @entity12 . Predominant features of the 8 other @entity0 were @entity3 with @entity5 and @entity1 (n = 1), chronic progressive external @entity9 (n = 1), @entity1 with @entity5 (n = 1), painful @entity3 with @entity5 (n = 1), @entity4 (n = 1), @entity1 (n = 1), and @entity5 (n = 2). In 11 of 16 @entity0 , @entity5 was obvious on clinical examination. Furthermore, all 5 @entity0 with normal hearing on clinical examination showed subclinical @entity5 ; in 4, @entity5 was more pronounced than age-related @entity5 and in 1, @entity5 can be age related as well. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of phenotypes represent the variable multisystemic involvement of the @entity13 mutation. Less than half of the @entity0 presented with @entity12 . Hearing impairment, the most common symptom, was clinically or subclinically relevant in 15 (94%) of 16 @entity0 .

title: Hearing impairment is common in various phenotypes of the mitochondrial DNA XXXX mutation.

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of @entity6 . METHODS: Twenty-one corneal buttons from @entity0 with @entity5 and 15 control corneas were studied. Apoptosis was assessed by the in situ end-labeling of double-stranded DNA breaks, and by immunohistochemical characterization of cellular markers associated with apoptosis (Fas, @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity3 ). Expression of @entity2 and @entity3 mRNA in the corneal stroma and endothelium was separately analyzed by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, cultivated keratocytes generated from diseased corneal buttons and donor rims were exposed to @entity4 , an apoptotic inducer, for 6 and 24 hours. They were then examined for protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of apoptotic regulatory molecules. RESULTS: DNA fragmentation was seen in the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium in 6 of 7 corneas with @entity5 . A statistically significant difference was identified in the expression of @entity3 and its mRNA in the stroma, but not in the endothelium of @entity5 corneas. Following exposure to @entity4 , keratocytes from @entity0 with @entity5 responded with an increased level of @entity3 and a low level of @entity2 . This trend was distinctively different from the response of normal keratocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence in this study points to a disease-related disturbance in the regulation of apoptosis in @entity5 . Our findings suggest that excessive apoptosis may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of @entity5 .

title: The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to assess @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) with age-based analysis. Fifty-four @entity0 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity1 and 44 age-sex matched healthy subjects were included into the study. A masked physician performed measurements of largest choroidal vessel diameter and choroidal thicknesses (subfoveal, nasal, and temporal) using EDI OCT. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare choroidal measurements based on age (with a cut point of 70  years). The study cohort comprised 54 @entity0 with @entity1 (mean age of 63.2      8.8  years) and 44 healthy control subjects (mean age of 62.9      8.5  years) (P  =  0.870). We found no significant differences in terms of choroidal measurements (P  >  0.05) between the @entity2 and control groups. However, in the @entity2 group, @entity0 with an age  >= 70  years had significantly thinner subfoveal and nasal choroid compared to those of the @entity0 with <70  years of age (P  =  0.017, 0.002 respectively). In the control group, @entity3 showed no significant difference when the subjects were subgrouped according to the age cut point (P  >  0.05). @entity3 seem not to differ between @entity0 with @entity1 and healthy controls. However, an age  >= 70  years might be associated with thinning in subfoveal and nasal choroid in @entity0 with @entity1 . Further studies are needed to elucidate whether choroidal thinning is a cause or result in @entity1 .

title: Age-based analysis of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to assess @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) with age-based analysis. Fifty-four @entity0 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity1 and 44 age-sex matched healthy subjects were included into the study. A masked physician performed measurements of largest choroidal vessel diameter and choroidal thicknesses (subfoveal, nasal, and temporal) using EDI OCT. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare choroidal measurements based on age (with a cut point of 70  years). The study cohort comprised 54 @entity0 with @entity1 (mean age of 63.2      8.8  years) and 44 healthy control subjects (mean age of 62.9      8.5  years) (P  =  0.870). We found no significant differences in terms of choroidal measurements (P  >  0.05) between the @entity2 and control groups. However, in the @entity2 group, @entity0 with an age  >= 70  years had significantly thinner subfoveal and nasal choroid compared to those of the @entity0 with <70  years of age (P  =  0.017, 0.002 respectively). In the control group, @entity3 showed no significant difference when the subjects were subgrouped according to the age cut point (P  >  0.05). @entity3 seem not to differ between @entity0 with @entity1 and healthy controls. However, an age  >= 70  years might be associated with thinning in subfoveal and nasal choroid in @entity0 with @entity1 . Further studies are needed to elucidate whether choroidal thinning is a cause or result in @entity1 .

title: Age-based analysis of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diminished @entity3 metabolism accompanies many @entity1 including @entity2 . An understanding of the relation of these metabolic changes to the disease will enable development of novel therapeutic strategies. Following a metabolic challenge, cells generally conserve energy to preserve viability. This requires activation of many cellular repair/regenerative processes such as mitophagy/autophagy and fusion/fission. These responses may diminish cell function in the long term. Prolonged fission induces mitophagy/autophagy which promotes repair but if prolonged progresses to mitochondrial degradation. Abnormal @entity3 metabolism alters protein signaling including the release of proteins from the mitochondria or migration of proteins from the cytosol to the mitochondria or nucleus. This overview provides an insight into the different mechanisms of autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in response to the diminished metabolism that occurs with @entity0 , especially @entity1 such as @entity2 . The review discusses multiple aspects of mitochondrial responses including different signaling proteins and pathways of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Improving cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics will alter protein signaling and improve cellular/mitochondrial repair and regeneration. An understanding of these changes will suggest new therapeutic strategies.

title: Abnormal @entity3 Metabolism in XXXX : Relation to Autophagy/Mitophagy and Therapeutic Approaches.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diminished @entity3 metabolism accompanies many @entity1 including @entity2 . An understanding of the relation of these metabolic changes to the disease will enable development of novel therapeutic strategies. Following a metabolic challenge, cells generally conserve energy to preserve viability. This requires activation of many cellular repair/regenerative processes such as mitophagy/autophagy and fusion/fission. These responses may diminish cell function in the long term. Prolonged fission induces mitophagy/autophagy which promotes repair but if prolonged progresses to mitochondrial degradation. Abnormal @entity3 metabolism alters protein signaling including the release of proteins from the mitochondria or migration of proteins from the cytosol to the mitochondria or nucleus. This overview provides an insight into the different mechanisms of autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in response to the diminished metabolism that occurs with @entity0 , especially @entity1 such as @entity2 . The review discusses multiple aspects of mitochondrial responses including different signaling proteins and pathways of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Improving cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics will alter protein signaling and improve cellular/mitochondrial repair and regeneration. An understanding of these changes will suggest new therapeutic strategies.

title: Abnormal XXXX Metabolism in @entity2 : Relation to Autophagy/Mitophagy and Therapeutic Approaches.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The Chenopodiaceae Suaeda salsa L. was grown under different salt concentrations and under osmotic stress. The fresh weight was markedly stimulated by 0.1 M @entity2 , 0.4 M @entity2 and 0.1 M @entity3 and reduced by osmotic stress ( @entity1 iso-osmotic to 0.1 M @entity2 ). Treatment with 0.4 M @entity3 severely damaged the plants. Membrane vesicle fractions containing tonoplast vesicles were isolated by @entity0 gradient from leaves of the S. salsa plants and modulations of V-ATPase and V- @entity4 depending on the growth conditions were determined. Western blot analysis revealed that V-ATPase of S. salsa consists of at least nine subunits (apparent molecular masses 66, 55, 52, 48, 36, 35, 29, 18, and 16 kDa). This polypeptide pattern did not depend on culture conditions. V- @entity4 is composed of a single polypeptide (69 kDa). An additional polypeptide (54 kDa) was detected in the fractions of @entity2 -, @entity3 - and @entity1 -treated plants. It turned out that the main strategy of salt-tolerance of S. salsa seems to be an up-regulation of V-ATPase activity, which is required to energize the tonoplast for ion uptake into the vacuole, while V- @entity4 plays only a minor role. The increase in V-ATPase activity is not obtained by structural changes of the enzyme, but by an increase in V-ATPase protein amount.

title: Effects of salt treatment and osmotic stress on V-ATPase and V- XXXX in leaves of the halophyte Suaeda salsa.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 of @entity3 is a rare high-grade malignancy that may cause diagnostic and therapeutic controversies. A characteristic of this entity consistently reported but not entirely validated is its relative radioresistance and the general belief is that surgery is the treatment of choice. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if @entity0 treated with radiation for early glottic @entity4 had worse outcomes than those achieved with @entity6 for the more @entity5 . Twenty-eight cases of early stage (T1-T2) sarcomatoid @entity4 treated with definitive doses of megavoltage @entity6 between 1969 and 1995 at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center form the cohort for this analysis. All pathologic material was reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. All @entity1 manifested spindle cell features with marked cytomorphologic abnormalities characteristic of this entity. Sixteen @entity1 (57%) had the more typical polypoid gross morphology of @entity4 . Twenty-one @entity0 (75%) were staged T1 and seven @entity0 (25%) had stage T2 disease. All @entity0 were treated with small laryngeal fields, median size 20 cm2, and to a median dose of 65 Gy. Follow-up ranged from 1.5 to 24 years (median, 10 years). Four @entity0 (14%) had @entity2 recurrence, and all had salvage total laryngectomies and remained free of @entity2 . The 5-year actuarial local control rates for @entity0 with T1 and T2 lesions were 94% and 54%, respectively. Only one @entity0 developed regional and distant disease. The 10-year actuarial disease-specific and overall survival rates were 92% and 63%, respectively. @entity0 with early stage @entity4 of the glottis treated with radiation had similar control rates to irradiated @entity0 with similar @entity2 with the more @entity5 . The authors contend that the histologic diagnosis of @entity4 by itself should not influence the decision to treat a @entity0 with early stage @entity2 with @entity6 .

title: Radiation therapy for early stage (T1-T2) XXXX of true vocal cords: outcomes and patterns of failure.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Results in epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that a diet rich in saturated fat may affect insulin sensitivity. However, no published data are available on the effect of @entity3 in this respect. Therefore, we examined the effects of a high- @entity3 diet and a high- @entity4 diet on @entity0 metabolism, serum lipids and lipoproteins, and @entity1 factors in 15 healthy female subjects. Subjects followed the two experimental diets for 4 weeks according to a randomized crossover design. Both experimental diet periods were preceded by consumption of a baseline diet for 2 weeks. The diets provided 36% of energy (E%) as fat. In the experimental diets, 5 E% stearic or @entity4 was substituted for 5 E% of @entity2 in the baseline diet. After the experimental diets, no differences were found in the insulin sensitivity index (mean+/-SEM, 5.4+/-1.9 v 5.2+/-1.6 x 10(-4) min(-1) x microU(-1) x mL(-1), nonsignificant [NS]), @entity0 effectiveness (0.026+/-0.006 v 0.026+/-0.003 min(-1), NS), or first-phase insulin reaction ([FPIR] 368+/-57 v 374+/-66 mU/L x min, NS). The concentration of serum lipids and lipoproteins and @entity1 factors did not differ after the diet periods. In conclusion, a diet rich in @entity3 did not deteriorate @entity0 tolerance or insulin action in young healthy female subjects as compared with a diet rich in @entity4 .

title: A high- XXXX diet does not impair @entity0 tolerance and insulin sensitivity in healthy women.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Results in epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that a diet rich in saturated fat may affect insulin sensitivity. However, no published data are available on the effect of @entity3 in this respect. Therefore, we examined the effects of a high- @entity3 diet and a high- @entity4 diet on @entity0 metabolism, serum lipids and lipoproteins, and @entity1 factors in 15 healthy female subjects. Subjects followed the two experimental diets for 4 weeks according to a randomized crossover design. Both experimental diet periods were preceded by consumption of a baseline diet for 2 weeks. The diets provided 36% of energy (E%) as fat. In the experimental diets, 5 E% stearic or @entity4 was substituted for 5 E% of @entity2 in the baseline diet. After the experimental diets, no differences were found in the insulin sensitivity index (mean+/-SEM, 5.4+/-1.9 v 5.2+/-1.6 x 10(-4) min(-1) x microU(-1) x mL(-1), nonsignificant [NS]), @entity0 effectiveness (0.026+/-0.006 v 0.026+/-0.003 min(-1), NS), or first-phase insulin reaction ([FPIR] 368+/-57 v 374+/-66 mU/L x min, NS). The concentration of serum lipids and lipoproteins and @entity1 factors did not differ after the diet periods. In conclusion, a diet rich in @entity3 did not deteriorate @entity0 tolerance or insulin action in young healthy female subjects as compared with a diet rich in @entity4 .

title: A high- @entity3 diet does not impair XXXX tolerance and insulin sensitivity in healthy women.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Listeriosis is an @entity1 of animals, birds, fish, crustaceans and @entity0 . It is an important @entity10 caused by @entity7 , an intracellular pathogen with unique potential to spread from cell to cell, thereby crossing blood-brain, intestinal and placental barriers. The organism possesses a pile of virulence factors that help to infect the host and evade from host immune machinery. Though disease occurrence is sporadic throughout the world, it can result in severe damage during an outbreak. Listeriosis is characterized by @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity9 , stillbirth, @entity3 and @entity6 with the incubation period varying with the form of @entity3 . @entity7 has been isolated worldwide from @entity0 , animals, poultry, environmental sources like soil, river, decaying plants, and food sources like milk, meat and their products, seafood and vegetables. Since appropriate vaccines are not available and @entity3 is mainly transmitted through foods in @entity0 and animals, hygienic practices can prevent its spread. The present review describes etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, pathogenesis, public health significance, and advances in diagnosis, vaccines and treatment of this disease. Special attention has been given to novel as well as prospective emerging therapies that include bacteriophage and cytokine therapy, avian egg yolk antibodies and herbal therapy. Various vaccines, including advances in recombinant and DNA vaccines and their modes of eliciting immune response, are also discussed. Due focus has also been given regarding appropriate prevention and control strategies to be adapted for better management of this zoonotic disease.

title: Listeriosis in animals, its public health significance ( XXXX ) and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is little information on elderly @entity0 who suffer from out-of-hospital @entity1 (OHCA). AIM: To determine 30-day mortality and neurological outcome in elderly @entity0 with OHCA. METHODS: OHCA @entity0 >=  70 years of age who were registered in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Register between 1990 and 2013 were included and divided into three age categories (70-79, 80-89, and >=  90 years). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of 30-day survival. RESULTS: Altogether, 36,605 cases were included in the study. Thirty-day survival was 6.7% in @entity0 aged 70-79 years, 4.4% in @entity0 aged 80-89 years, and 2.4% in those over 90 years. For @entity0 with witnessed OHCA of cardiac aetiology found in a shockable rhythm, survival was higher: 20%, 15%, and 11%, respectively. In 30-day survivors, the distribution according to the cerebral performance categories (CPC) score at discharge from hospital was similar in the three age groups. In multivariate analysis, in @entity0 over 70 years of age, the following factors were associated with increased chance of 30-day survival: younger age, OHCA outside the home, witnessed OHCA, CPR before arrival of EMS, shockable first-recorded rhythm, and short emergency response time. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age is an independent predictor of mortality in OHCA @entity0 over 70 years of age. However, even in @entity0 above 90 years of age, defined subsets with a survival rate of more than 10% exist. In survivors, the neurological outcome remains similar regardless of age.

title: Out-of-hospital XXXX in the elderly: A large-scale population-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The availability of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa, eptacog alfa activated) has greatly advanced the care of @entity0 with @entity1 or B who have developed inhibitors against the infused replacement factor. Recombinant FVIIa is licensed for the on-demand treatment of @entity2 episodes and the prevention of @entity2 in surgery or invasive procedures in @entity0 with @entity1 with inhibitors. This article attempts to review in detail the extensive evidence of rFVIIa in @entity1 @entity0 with inhibitors. @entity0 with @entity2 are best treated on demand at home, to achieve the short- and long-term benefits of rapid bleed control. Key prospective studies have shown that rFVIIa achieves consistently high efficacy rates in the management of acute (including joint) @entity2 in inhibitor @entity0 in the home treatment setting. Substantial post-approval data from key registries also support the on-demand efficacy profile of rFVIIa established by the prospective clinical trials. The availability of rFVIIa has allowed major surgery to become a reality for inhibitor @entity0 . Studies in key surgery, including orthopaedic procedures, have found that rFVIIa provides consistently high efficacy rates. Importantly, the wealth of data does not raise any unexpected safety concerns surrounding rFVIIa use; this is likely because rFVIIa is a recombinant product with a localised mechanism of action at the site of @entity3 . In summary, rFVIIa is established as an effective and well-tolerated first-line treatment for on-demand @entity2 control and bleed prevention during minor and major (including elective orthopaedic) surgery in inhibitor @entity0 . Use of rFVIIa has been a major step towards narrowing the gap in outcomes between inhibitor @entity0 and non-inhibitor @entity0 .

title: Recombinant activated factor VII in the treatment of @entity2 and for the prevention of surgery-related XXXX in @entity1 with inhibitors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The availability of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa, eptacog alfa activated) has greatly advanced the care of @entity0 with @entity1 or B who have developed inhibitors against the infused replacement factor. Recombinant FVIIa is licensed for the on-demand treatment of @entity2 episodes and the prevention of @entity2 in surgery or invasive procedures in @entity0 with @entity1 with inhibitors. This article attempts to review in detail the extensive evidence of rFVIIa in @entity1 @entity0 with inhibitors. @entity0 with @entity2 are best treated on demand at home, to achieve the short- and long-term benefits of rapid bleed control. Key prospective studies have shown that rFVIIa achieves consistently high efficacy rates in the management of acute (including joint) @entity2 in inhibitor @entity0 in the home treatment setting. Substantial post-approval data from key registries also support the on-demand efficacy profile of rFVIIa established by the prospective clinical trials. The availability of rFVIIa has allowed major surgery to become a reality for inhibitor @entity0 . Studies in key surgery, including orthopaedic procedures, have found that rFVIIa provides consistently high efficacy rates. Importantly, the wealth of data does not raise any unexpected safety concerns surrounding rFVIIa use; this is likely because rFVIIa is a recombinant product with a localised mechanism of action at the site of @entity3 . In summary, rFVIIa is established as an effective and well-tolerated first-line treatment for on-demand @entity2 control and bleed prevention during minor and major (including elective orthopaedic) surgery in inhibitor @entity0 . Use of rFVIIa has been a major step towards narrowing the gap in outcomes between inhibitor @entity0 and non-inhibitor @entity0 .

title: Recombinant activated factor VII in the treatment of XXXX and for the prevention of surgery-related @entity2 in @entity1 with inhibitors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The availability of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa, eptacog alfa activated) has greatly advanced the care of @entity0 with @entity1 or B who have developed inhibitors against the infused replacement factor. Recombinant FVIIa is licensed for the on-demand treatment of @entity2 episodes and the prevention of @entity2 in surgery or invasive procedures in @entity0 with @entity1 with inhibitors. This article attempts to review in detail the extensive evidence of rFVIIa in @entity1 @entity0 with inhibitors. @entity0 with @entity2 are best treated on demand at home, to achieve the short- and long-term benefits of rapid bleed control. Key prospective studies have shown that rFVIIa achieves consistently high efficacy rates in the management of acute (including joint) @entity2 in inhibitor @entity0 in the home treatment setting. Substantial post-approval data from key registries also support the on-demand efficacy profile of rFVIIa established by the prospective clinical trials. The availability of rFVIIa has allowed major surgery to become a reality for inhibitor @entity0 . Studies in key surgery, including orthopaedic procedures, have found that rFVIIa provides consistently high efficacy rates. Importantly, the wealth of data does not raise any unexpected safety concerns surrounding rFVIIa use; this is likely because rFVIIa is a recombinant product with a localised mechanism of action at the site of @entity3 . In summary, rFVIIa is established as an effective and well-tolerated first-line treatment for on-demand @entity2 control and bleed prevention during minor and major (including elective orthopaedic) surgery in inhibitor @entity0 . Use of rFVIIa has been a major step towards narrowing the gap in outcomes between inhibitor @entity0 and non-inhibitor @entity0 .

title: Recombinant activated factor VII in the treatment of @entity2 and for the prevention of surgery-related @entity2 in XXXX with inhibitors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Comorbidity Survey is a nationally representative survey of the prevalences and correlates of DSM-III-R disorders in the US household population. METHODS: Retrospective age-at-onset reports were used to study predictive relationships between lifetime @entity2 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Strong associations were found between the lifetime prevalences of @entity2 and major @entity1 (odds ratios: for @entity2 with @entity1 , 6.2; for @entity2 with @entity1 , 6.8). These associations were not significantly influenced by the inclusion or exclusion of respondents with @entity0 . Temporally primary @entity1 predicted a first onset of subsequent @entity2 but not of @entity2 . Temporally primary @entity2 , with or without @entity2 and whether or not the @entity2 was persistent, predicted a first onset of subsequent @entity1 . The associations between @entity2 and @entity1 were attenuated in models that controlled for prior traumatic life experiences and histories of other DSM-III-R disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Lifetime @entity1 comorbidity characterizes most community respondents with @entity2 and a substantial few of those with @entity1 . The absence of a dose-response relationship suggests that primary @entity2 is a marker, rather than a causal risk factor, of subsequent @entity1 . Primary @entity1 , in comparison, appears to be a genuine risk factor for secondary @entity2 . That primary @entity1 predicts @entity2 but not @entity2 suggests that secondary @entity2 is a severity marker of @entity1 rather than a comorbid condition. These results are far from definitive because they are based on retrospective reports, lay-administered diagnostic interviews, and only 1 survey. However, they raise important questions that could lead to a fundamental rethinking of @entity1 comorbidity if they are replicated in future epidemiological and clinical studies.

title: Lifetime XXXX comorbidity in the National Comorbidity Survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neuropeptide B and W (NPB and NPW) are cognate peptide ligands for @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a G protein-coupled receptor. In rodents, they have been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine/autonomic responses, and social interactions. Although localization of these peptides and their receptors in adult rodent brain has been well documented, their expression in @entity0 brain during development is unknown. Here we demonstrate the transient expression of NPW mRNA in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) of postnatal @entity0 brain and its co-localization with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) mRNA. Neurons expressing both NPW and @entity4 mRNAs begin to emerge in the DMH at about postnatal day 0 (P-0) through P-3. Their expression is highest around @entity1 , declines after @entity2 , and by @entity3 only a faint expression of NPW and @entity4 mRNA remains. In @entity5 brains, we detected NPW neurons in the region spanning the subincertal nucleus (SubI), the lateral hypothalamic (LH) perifornical (PF) areas, and the DMH, where the highest expression of NPW mRNA was observed. The majority of these postnatal hypothalamic NPW neurons co-express @entity4 mRNA. A cross of NPW-iCre knock-in @entity0 with a Cre-dependent tdTomato reporter line revealed that more than half of the reporter-positive neurons in the adult DMH, which mature from the transiently NPW-expressing neurons, are sensitive to peripherally administrated leptin. These data suggest that the DMH neurons that transiently co-express NPW and @entity4 in the peri-weaning period might play a role in regulating energy homeostasis during postnatal development.

title: Transient expression of neuropeptide W in postnatal XXXX hypothalamus - A putative regulator of energy homeostasis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation in the management of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A MEDLINE (PubMed) search from January 1990 to April 2015 was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was restricted to the English language and @entity0 subjects. Inclusion criteria were @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent TIPS creation for any indication. Exclusion criteria was age < 18 years. RESULTS: Ten studies consisting of 12 @entity0 with @entity3 were included. Eight @entity0 had very severe @entity3 , 2 had severe @entity3 , and 2 had moderate @entity3 . Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation was technically successful in all @entity0 , without complications. Mean portosystemic pressure gradients before and after the procedure were 18.2 mm Hg (range, 10-30 mm Hg) and 6.5 mm Hg (range, 3-15 mm Hg), respectively. The mean duration of follow-up was 9.3 months (range, 0.75-36 mo). Improvement in oxygenation occurred in 9 @entity0 but was not sustained after 4 months in 2 @entity0 . In the remaining 3 @entity0 , oxygenation remained unchanged; it worsened after 4 months in 1 @entity0 . Four @entity0 underwent liver transplantation. Two @entity0 died of multiple @entity2 and 1 died of @entity1 . The remaining @entity0 were alive and well at the time of last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation shows promise in the management of @entity3 . Future prospective studies are warranted.

title: Role of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in the XXXX : A Systemic Literature Review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is currently intense interest in the development of gene therapy for @entity3 . The stimulation of therapeutic angiogenesis for @entity9 has been one of the areas of greatest promise. Encouraging results have been obtained with the angiogenic cytokines @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and basic fibroblast growth factor in animal models, leading to clinical trials in @entity9 . @entity1 also has therapeutic potential in a second area of cardiovascular gene therapy, the enhancement of arterioprotective endothelial functions to prevent postangioplasty restenosis and bypass graft @entity15 . The endothelial cell growth and survival functions of @entity1 promote endothelial regeneration, whereas @entity1 -induced endothelial production of NO and @entity16 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of neointimal @entity14 may also be achieved by gene transfer of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), PGI synthase, or cell cycle regulators ( @entity12 , @entity13 or @entity13 -dependent kinase inhibitors, @entity11 , growth arrest homeobox gene, @entity2 ) or antisense oligonucleotides to @entity17 , @entity7 , proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappaB and E2F. An improved understanding of etiologically complex pathologies involving the interplay of genes and the environment, such as @entity8 and systemic @entity5 , has led to the identification of new targets for gene therapy, with the potential to alleviate inherited @entity4 such as @entity10 . The use of vasodilator gene overexpression and antisense knockdown of vasoconstrictors to reduce blood pressure in animal models of @entity6 offers the prospect of gene therapy for @entity0 @entity5 disease. The renin-angiotensin system has been the target of choice for antihypertensive strategies because of its wide distribution and additional effects on fibrinolytic and oxidative stress pathways. Gene therapy in @entity3 has an exciting future but remains at an early stage. Further developments in gene transfer vector technology and the identification of additional target genes will be required before its full therapeutic potential can be realized.

title: Gene therapy for XXXX : a case for cautious optimism.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The word "serious" appears in laws and policies regarding genetics services but is not defined. Genetics professionals would most likely be consulted if definitions are made. We surveyed all U.S. board-certified genetics services providers and all members of the European Society of @entity0 Genetics (ESHG), Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG), and Ibero-American Society of @entity0 Genetics (IASHG), using anonymous, mailed questionnaires. Respondents were asked to list three conditions they considered lethal, three that were serious but not lethal, and three that were not serious. Of 3,317 asked to respond, 1,481 (45%) returned questionnaires. Analysis was limited to responses of the 1,264 (85%) who saw @entity0 . Respondents listed 537 conditions, with extensive overlap between categories; 46% of conditions listed as serious were also listed as not serious and 41% were listed as lethal. Respondents did not want professional societies, laws, or national ethics committees to define serious. They favored individual @entity0 as decision makers, with the help of individual doctors. Their reasons were that @entity1 vary in expression, individuals perceive @entity1 could be unfair to minority groups, definitions tend to be inflexible when new treatments appear. In the United States, most would not use a definition of serious to limit reproductive services, carrier screening, or neonatal intensive care; outside the United States, more supported limitations. There is not sufficient consensus among experienced genetics professionals to define serious genetic conditions for purposes of law or policy. Responses point to social and economic influences on perceptions of what constitutes a serious @entity1 .

title: XXXX : can or should they be defined?

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this article was to investigate the safety, outcome, length of stay, and cost of hospital admission in @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent laparoscopy compared with open surgery. METHODS: Among 51 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 (1996-2000), 46 with @entity2 were included in this nonrandomized prospective study. Of these, 20 @entity0 underwent laparoscopic surgery and 26 underwent open surgery. Data collected included the following information: age, gender, body mass index, diagnosis, duration of disease, preoperative medical treatment, previous abdominal surgery, present indication for surgery, and procedure performed (comparability measures), as well as conversion to open surgery, operating time, time to resolution of ileus, morbidity, duration of hospital stay, and cost of hospital admission (outcome measures). RESULTS: There was no significant difference with respect to comparability measures between the laparoscopic and the open-surgery groups. There was no mortality. There was no intraoperative complication in either group and no conversion in the laparoscopic group. Operating time was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group (302 minutes) vs. the open group (244.7 minutes) (P < 0.05), but this difference disappeared when data were adjusted for the extra time required to perform the laparoscopic hand-sewn anastomoses (288.2 minutes vs. 244.7 minutes). Bowel function returned more quickly in the laparoscopic group vs. the open group in terms of passage of flatus (3.7 vs. 4.7 days) (P < 0.05) and resumption of oral intake (4.2 vs. 6.3 day) (P < 0.01). There were significantly fewer @entity4 in the laparoscopic group (9.5 percent) vs. the open group (18.5 percent) (P < 0.05); the length of stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (8.3 days) vs. the open group (13.2 days) (P < 0.01); and the cost of hospital admission was significantly lower in the laparoscopic group ( 6106, United States dollars) vs. the open group ( 9829, United States dollars) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a reduction in the @entity3 , length of stay, cost of hospital admission, and @entity4 rate in the laparoscopic group. Laparoscopic surgery for @entity2 is safe, and it is potentially more cost-effective than traditional open surgery.

title: Can laparoscopy reduce hospital stay in the treatment of XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Retroflexion of the endoscope during rectal examination may increase diagnostic yield but is not routinely performed because of concerns about safety and a lack of appreciation of its importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the yield, safety, and tolerance of endoscopic @entity3 . METHODS: Prospective cohorts of subjects undergoing unsedated screening flexible sigmoidoscopy were examined with and without routine retroflexion. @entity0 scores were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 526 subjects (mean age 60 (range, 55-66) years) underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy in the first period when the endoscope was not routinely retroflexed. Of these, 480 (mean age 60 (range, 55-66) years) were subsequently examined with routine retroflexion. Retroflexion was impossible in 17 subjects (3.5 percent) because of discomfort. In the second group, 12 subjects (2.5 percent) had @entity2 in the lower rectum seen only on retroflexion. Of these, eight had metaplastic and four had @entity4 (3 tubular <5 mm, 1 tubulovillous 15 mm). There was no difference in mean @entity0 scores between the groups (no retroflexion = 2.13, retroflexion = 2.18). CONCLUSION: With an @entity1 pick-up rate of 8 to 12 percent for screening flexible sigmoidoscopy, retroflexion increases @entity1 detection by approximately 1 percent without adverse effects and should be an integral part of flexible sigmoidoscopy.

title: XXXX : an essential part of lower gastrointestinal endoscopic examination.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to assess typical findings of @entity3 on serial CT examinations following therapy. METHOD: Serial CT studies were performed on 16 @entity0 with early phase @entity3 . Mural or luminal changes of the aorta on successive CT scans were compared with clinical data. RESULTS: @entity2 progressed during follow-up in 6 of 16 @entity0 . In one @entity0 , progression of lesions was symptomatic. In the other five of six @entity0 with worsening lesions, vascular progression occurred without new clinical symptoms and was first identified on CT scans. One of these five had dilatation of the ascending aorta and required aortic repair. Four others had progression of @entity2 leading to changes in medical treatment only or in combination with either surgery or angioplasty. For two of them, CT examinations showed @entity1 after changes in medical treatment. CONCLUSION: CT examinations performed in treated @entity0 with @entity3 demonstrate either regression, stabilization, or progression of @entity2 . Serial CT examinations may thus be useful for evaluating response to treatment.

title: Follow-up electron beam CT for the management of early phase XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the capability of an escapement-driven inverted pendulum with springs and damping model to estimate the effects of impairments (e.g. @entity3 , @entity2 ) on the dynamics and patterns of locomotion of @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Kinematic data of six @entity0 with spastic @entity1 and six matched, typically developing @entity0 were collected at five different self-selected overground walking speeds ('very slow' to 'very fast'). Changes in forcing, stiffness and gravitational potentials were estimated during the stance phase of each leg according to the model's equation of motion. RESULTS: Significantly greater stiffness and decreased forcing was observed in the more affected limbs of @entity0 with spastic @entity1 and compared to typically developing peers. The forcing term of the non-affected limb was greater than that of the matched typically developing @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Results support the claim that disabled individuals with losses in dynamic resources (stiffness, muscle forcing capability) exploit and develop the remaining resources in their adapted gait patterns. It was suggested that clinical interventions aimed at normalizing a gait pattern may be contraindicated, and that rehabilitation might be more effective if focused at the level of dynamics. RELEVANCE: Pattern formation is seen as an optimal solution based on the individuals' action capabilities and dynamic properties under environmental and task demands. This perspective could lead to the development of interventions that address these dynamic variables with the objective of improving the functional capabilities of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: A dynamical model of locomotion in spastic XXXX : influence of walking speed.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern has been expressed that @entity0 are not adequately represented in clinical trials evaluating treatments for medical conditions they commonly experience. This study was designed to assess the reporting of data on @entity0 in recently published trials of drug therapy for @entity1 , including those funded by an agency with a gender-related policy. METHODS: All randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of drug therapies for @entity1 published in The New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, The Journal of the American Medical Association, the Annals of Internal Medicine and the British Medical Journal from January 1992 to December 1996 were evaluated. On preliminary review 102 articles met the inclusion criteria; these were reviewed in detail, and 59 were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted gender-related information from the 43 articles; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. RESULTS: @entity0 presented up to 48% of the trial @entity0 (mean 24.1%). In the trials funded by an agency with a gender-related policy, only 16.8% of @entity0 , on average, were @entity0 . Of the 43 articles in the sample, only 14 (32%) provided gender-related results. Funding from an agency with gender-related policy did not affect the reporting of gender-related information. Subgroup analyses were provided for 14 (32%) of the 43 trials, including 2 (29%) of 7 trials funded by an agency with a gender-related policy. Of the 12 trials that included interaction analyses (excluding the 2 trials in which secondary analyses were conducted specifically to identify differences between @entity0 and @entity0 ), 7 (58%) conducted an interaction analysis to determine if @entity0 responded differently than @entity0 ; for one of these the interaction analysis was for a secondary outcome measure (drug safety). Only 5 (12%) of the 43 articles mentioned the differences between @entity0 and @entity0 in the Discussion section; 2 of these were studies that used secondary analyses to examine sex differences. Of the 5, only 1 was funded by an agency with a gender-related policy. INTERPRETATION: @entity0 were poorly represented in the randomized controlled trials in this sample, regardless of whether the trials were funded by an agency with a gender-related policy. Structured reporting of gender-related information for clinical trials may improve the quality of information available about @entity0 and therefore facilitate the application of research findings to the care of @entity0 .

title: Reporting of gender-related information in clinical trials of drug therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism of the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) gene has been associated with an increased risk of @entity6 , @entity2 , and with an increased intimal-medial thickness in several populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the @entity8 I/D genotype is associated with @entity7 of extracranial arteries and @entity2 in middle-aged and aged @entity0 and @entity0 . We studied 388 @entity0 (247 male, 141 female) using Doppler and Duplex ultrasound of the extracranial arteries. @entity0 ' history was obtained by standard questionnaire and by the hospital case records. Genomic DNA was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the I/D polymorphism, with a second insertion specific PCR in samples classified as homozygous @entity4 genotypes to prevent mistyping. The @entity8 genotype groups ( @entity4 132, ID 164, II 92) were well matched for the basic characteristics. The @entity4 genotype was more common in @entity0 with @entity9 > or = 50%, compared with @entity0 without @entity7 (59/147 versus 73/241, odds ratio 1.54, 95%-CI 1.01-2.37), but was not associated with a history of @entity2 (30/91 versus 102/297, odds ratio 0.94, 95%-CI 0.57-1.54). The association of the @entity4 genotype with @entity9 was also present in @entity3 subjects (n = 206, odds ratio 1.76, 95%-CI 0.99-3.17). In the whole group multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the association of the @entity4 genotype with @entity9 was independent of age, gender, @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity1 . In conclusion, the @entity8 @entity4 genotype is a weak risk factor for hemodynamically relevant @entity7 of extracranial arteries, but not for @entity2 .

title: Association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme genotypes, @entity9 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism of the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) gene has been associated with an increased risk of @entity6 , @entity2 , and with an increased intimal-medial thickness in several populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the @entity8 I/D genotype is associated with @entity7 of extracranial arteries and @entity2 in middle-aged and aged @entity0 and @entity0 . We studied 388 @entity0 (247 male, 141 female) using Doppler and Duplex ultrasound of the extracranial arteries. @entity0 ' history was obtained by standard questionnaire and by the hospital case records. Genomic DNA was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the I/D polymorphism, with a second insertion specific PCR in samples classified as homozygous @entity4 genotypes to prevent mistyping. The @entity8 genotype groups ( @entity4 132, ID 164, II 92) were well matched for the basic characteristics. The @entity4 genotype was more common in @entity0 with @entity9 > or = 50%, compared with @entity0 without @entity7 (59/147 versus 73/241, odds ratio 1.54, 95%-CI 1.01-2.37), but was not associated with a history of @entity2 (30/91 versus 102/297, odds ratio 0.94, 95%-CI 0.57-1.54). The association of the @entity4 genotype with @entity9 was also present in @entity3 subjects (n = 206, odds ratio 1.76, 95%-CI 0.99-3.17). In the whole group multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the association of the @entity4 genotype with @entity9 was independent of age, gender, @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity1 . In conclusion, the @entity8 @entity4 genotype is a weak risk factor for hemodynamically relevant @entity7 of extracranial arteries, but not for @entity2 .

title: Association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme genotypes, XXXX , and @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The type of emergency treatment administered to @entity0 with suspected @entity1 is important, as the episode is associated with a high mortality rate. Moreover, rebleeding is common during the first few days after the initial @entity1 . Several techniques are available to control variceal @entity1 including pharmacotherapy ( @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity4 ), balloon tamponade, endoscopic techniques, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and shunt surgery. The majority of these require specialized equipment and/or experienced personnel, which are not always available in every hospital. In such situations, pharmacotherapy represents the most practical method of establishing haemodynamic control prior to the administration of definitive treatment. Pharmacotherapy can be initiated immediately upon admission to stabilize the @entity0 prior to diagnostic endoscopy, which subsequently improves the efficacy and ease of administration of further endoscopic intervention. The optimal pharmacological agent should be both effective and safe. A drug with no side effects will not complicate the management of critical @entity0 and can be administered over an extended period to reduce the incidence of rebleeding and improve prognosis. Meta-analysis of clinical studies has revealed that of the vasoactive drugs available @entity2 is effective with significantly fewer side effects and currently appears to represent the best choice for treatment. The available evidence suggests that the early administration of pharmacotherapy, as part of a specific treatment regimen, offers significant benefit to @entity0 with @entity1 and its administration optimizes emergency care.

title: Optimizing emergency care of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 remains an important problem following BMT and may delay discharge from hospital. @entity0 -controlled analgesia ( @entity5 ) systems have been reported to be of benefit in controlling BMT-associated @entity1 . The present study comprised 65 @entity0 (age range 16-68 years; 19 allografts, 29 peripheral blood stem cell autografts and 17 autologous bone marrow). Subjects were prospectively randomised to receive intravenous @entity4 for @entity2 relief either by conventional continuous infusion (CI) or by @entity5 , using a Medex Walkman 440 delivery system. Each @entity0 assessed his/her @entity2 control and @entity3 daily by a visual analogue scale. Twenty-two @entity0 did not require any @entity4 . Four @entity0 required @entity4 for @entity2 other than @entity1 , and four @entity0 failed @entity5 control. Of 35 assessable cases, no difference in @entity2 control was noted between CI and @entity5 . However, @entity5 -controlled @entity0 required significantly less @entity4 than CI controlled @entity0 (mean, 131 +/- 23 mg for @entity5 vs 296 +/- 40 mg for CI; P = 0.001), and @entity5 required fewer days of @entity4 than CI (mean, 7.17 +/- 0.66 days for @entity5 , 9.00 +/- 0.65 days for CI; P = 0.03). Side-effects were minimal and equivalent in the two arms. The findings suggest that @entity5 and CI offer equivalent control of the @entity2 of BMT-associated @entity1 , but @entity5 requires less total consumption and duration of @entity4 therapy.

title: Comparison of a @entity0 -controlled analgesia system with continuous infusion for administration of @entity4 for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 remains an important problem following BMT and may delay discharge from hospital. @entity0 -controlled analgesia ( @entity5 ) systems have been reported to be of benefit in controlling BMT-associated @entity1 . The present study comprised 65 @entity0 (age range 16-68 years; 19 allografts, 29 peripheral blood stem cell autografts and 17 autologous bone marrow). Subjects were prospectively randomised to receive intravenous @entity4 for @entity2 relief either by conventional continuous infusion (CI) or by @entity5 , using a Medex Walkman 440 delivery system. Each @entity0 assessed his/her @entity2 control and @entity3 daily by a visual analogue scale. Twenty-two @entity0 did not require any @entity4 . Four @entity0 required @entity4 for @entity2 other than @entity1 , and four @entity0 failed @entity5 control. Of 35 assessable cases, no difference in @entity2 control was noted between CI and @entity5 . However, @entity5 -controlled @entity0 required significantly less @entity4 than CI controlled @entity0 (mean, 131 +/- 23 mg for @entity5 vs 296 +/- 40 mg for CI; P = 0.001), and @entity5 required fewer days of @entity4 than CI (mean, 7.17 +/- 0.66 days for @entity5 , 9.00 +/- 0.65 days for CI; P = 0.03). Side-effects were minimal and equivalent in the two arms. The findings suggest that @entity5 and CI offer equivalent control of the @entity2 of BMT-associated @entity1 , but @entity5 requires less total consumption and duration of @entity4 therapy.

title: Comparison of a @entity0 -controlled analgesia system with continuous infusion for administration of XXXX for @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 remains an important problem following BMT and may delay discharge from hospital. @entity0 -controlled analgesia ( @entity5 ) systems have been reported to be of benefit in controlling BMT-associated @entity1 . The present study comprised 65 @entity0 (age range 16-68 years; 19 allografts, 29 peripheral blood stem cell autografts and 17 autologous bone marrow). Subjects were prospectively randomised to receive intravenous @entity4 for @entity2 relief either by conventional continuous infusion (CI) or by @entity5 , using a Medex Walkman 440 delivery system. Each @entity0 assessed his/her @entity2 control and @entity3 daily by a visual analogue scale. Twenty-two @entity0 did not require any @entity4 . Four @entity0 required @entity4 for @entity2 other than @entity1 , and four @entity0 failed @entity5 control. Of 35 assessable cases, no difference in @entity2 control was noted between CI and @entity5 . However, @entity5 -controlled @entity0 required significantly less @entity4 than CI controlled @entity0 (mean, 131 +/- 23 mg for @entity5 vs 296 +/- 40 mg for CI; P = 0.001), and @entity5 required fewer days of @entity4 than CI (mean, 7.17 +/- 0.66 days for @entity5 , 9.00 +/- 0.65 days for CI; P = 0.03). Side-effects were minimal and equivalent in the two arms. The findings suggest that @entity5 and CI offer equivalent control of the @entity2 of BMT-associated @entity1 , but @entity5 requires less total consumption and duration of @entity4 therapy.

title: Comparison of a XXXX -controlled analgesia system with continuous infusion for administration of @entity4 for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate short-term efficacy of awareness programs (AP) in reducing @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: High risk @entity2 @entity0 were divided in 2 groups during 16 weeks. Group A (n = 417, 54.3 +/- 10.0 years, 55% males) received verbal and written orientation on @entity1 control, and group B (n = 180, 54.4 +/- 10.9 years, 45% males) received only verbal orientation. All @entity0 received @entity3 10 mg q.d. for 12 weeks. The evolution of body weight, arterial pressure, lipid profile, Castelli's I and II indexes (TC/HDL and LDL/HDL), and Framingham scores were evaluated. RESULTS: At baseline, A had a lower HDL-C (40.0 +/- 11.0 vs 43.0 +/- 11.0 mg/dl, p = 0.013) and a higher index I (8.2 +/- 3.0 vs 7.6 +/- 2.3, p = 0.008) than B. After 16 weeks, A had greater change than B in TC (-28.0 vs -25.0, p < 0.05), @entity4 (-29.0 vs -27.6, p < 0.05), HDL-C levels (+13.7 vs +10.8, p < 0.05) and in the Castelli's Index (-39.0 vs -33.0; p < 0.05). In both groups @entity3 use potentialized the effects of diet on the lipid profile. CONCLUSION: The AP seemed to be more effective than verbal orientation alone in @entity1 reduction at short-term.

title: [Assessment of short-term effects of awareness programs and XXXX therapy on subjects from private clinics at high risk for cardiovascular disease].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical characteristics and risk factors of suppurative postsurgical @entity3 according to its etiology. METHODS: Suppurative postsurgical @entity3 developed in 45 (2.5%) of 1779 @entity0 who underwent open-heart surgery at the Hospital Virgen del Roc  o in Seville, Spain, from 1986 to 1996. Microbiological diagnosis was available in 42 @entity0 . RESULTS: Gram-negative rods were isolated in 19 cases and Gram-positive cocci in 23 cases. Seventeen isolates (38%) were sensitive to the antimicrobial agent used perioperatively. @entity0 with Gram-negative @entity1 had a longer duration of bypass (127plus minus36 min versus 96plus minus34 min, p<0.01), and a worse postoperative condition. Longer mechanical ventilation (4plus minus7 days versus 1plus minus2 days, p<0.05) and concomitant infection in a remote site (pulmonary and/or @entity2 ) were more frequently observed in this group than in @entity0 with Gram-positive @entity1 (58% versus 22%, p<0.05). Twenty @entity0 (51%) were bacteremic. The mortality rate was 20% (five of 45). CONCLUSIONS: Preventable postoperative remote-site infection may lead to @entity3 , especially if Gram-negative rods are involved.

title: Suppurative XXXX after open-heart surgery: a comparison between cases caused by Gram-negative rods and by Gram-positive cocci.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to discuss the presenting signs and symptoms important for the early diagnosis and to review the medical and surgical management of @entity0 presenting with intracranial complications of @entity7 . METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of all @entity0 admitted with intracranial infections between 1990 and 1999 at the Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Neurosurgery and Department of @entity3 , University of Cluj, Romania. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 had 23 intracranial complications of @entity7 . These were @entity6 (6 cases), @entity2 (6 cases), @entity10 (5 cases), @entity9 (4 cases), and cavernous sinus @entity8 (2 cases). In almost all @entity0 , early symptoms included @entity1 and @entity5 . Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by imaging. Management of these infections included intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics, appropriate neurosurgical and sinus drainage. Among these @entity0 , there was one @entity4 and 4 @entity0 developed significant neurologic sequelae. Poor prognosis was associated with the presence of @entity9 and a prolonged time interval between the onset of symptoms and the beginning of treatment. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of intracranial complication of @entity7 can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these complications.

title: Intracranial complications of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determination of serum @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) levels is an usual practice. However, its place in the diagnosis process is not clear. We have collected serum LDH levels superior to 2-fold the normal rate and we tried to determine their diagnostics interest and, predictive and progressive values. METHODS: Retrospective study during 3 months in hospitalized adults. LDH levels were measured by spectrophotometry (Normal rate: 313-618 UI/L). RESULTS: 196 cases with LDH level elevations higher than 1236 UI/L were analyzed. The etiology of LDH level elevations were was benign in 60% of cases, malignant in 36% and, undetermined in 5%. There was no difference in between average values of LDH level average values of benign and malignant etiology (2708 vs 2842 UI/l). LDH rates and high LDH level elevations were not helpful for in the diagnosis process (a variety of 43 etiology was able to elevate increased LDH rates). In 45% cases, LDH level was 2 to 3-fold the normal rate; in 47.5% cases, 3 to 10-fold normal rate, and in 7.5% cases, superior to 10-fold normal rate. LDH elevations superior to 10-fold the normal rate were caused by benign etiology in 11 cases and @entity1 in 4 cases. A level superior to 10-fold the normal rate was not helpful in determining to determine the benign or malignant characteristics of the @entity2 . However, LDH rate superior to 10 normal rate was a pejorative predictive criteria (hospitalization in intensive careunity in 73% of cases and mortality rate of 53%). During follow up of a @entity1 or malignant hemopathy follow up, several LDH measurements LDH level determinations were determined in for a small number of @entity0 . LDH level normalizations is are attributable to efficientan effective treatment; LDH level elevations are associated with a therapeutic failure echappment. Evolution in LDH levels evolution was influenced by progression in @entity1 and malignant hemopathy evolution and also by various several treatments such as like blood transfusions, growth factors, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: LDH level elevation, however whatever its rate, don't seem to do not help in differentiating have interest to differentiate benign from malignant diseases. However, an elevation LDH elevation higher than 10-fold the normal rate is a pejorative predictive criteria, since because the mortality rate is superior toupper than 50%. During follow-up of in the @entity1 and malignant hemopathy follow up, so long as they are measured at distance from treatment, variations in LDH levels are a good marker of evolution, rate variations represent an evolutive marker conditionally the level determination would be realize remote several treatment.

title: [Elevation of serum XXXX dehydrogenase. Diagnostic, prognostic and evolutive values].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: ARN syndrome follows severeintraocular @entity2 by herpes viruses and primarily affects the peripheral retina. Following scar formation, despite antiviral treatment, @entity5 occurs very often. Prophylactic argon laser photocoagulation has therefore been proposed. We report our experience. @entity0 : We treated five @entity0 presenting clinically with advanced unilateral ARN with @entity4 . All eyes received a prophylactic confluent double row of @entity7 laser treatment (500 microns, 0.2 s, gray-white lesions) central to the affected area as soon as was possible, depending on the vitreous clouding. Four @entity0 were treated with Aspirin. RESULTS: One of the five @entity0 had a @entity5 that was limited by the argon laser row. Another @entity0 had a tractional detachment needing vitreoretinal surgery. Two eyes developed @entity3 of unknown origin. CONCLUSION: A lower rate of rhegmatogenous @entity5 than expected occurred post-laser treatment. @entity3 was more frequent than previously reported. The @entity3 probably originated from @entity6 and may have been enhanced by @entity1 treatment. We recommend early prophylactic argon laser photocoagulation in all ARN @entity0 in agreement with the results of previous studies.

title: [Acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Argon laser coagulation for prevention of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Preliminary results indicate that pulsed dye lasers (PDL) with 1.5 ms pulsewidth and 595 nm wavelength are effective in the treatment of leg @entity2 . The aim of this study was to evaluate if the clinical results could be improved by a) an effective skin cooling with ice cubes and b) the longer wavelength of 600 nm. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 87 @entity0 with vessels up to 1 mm in diameter, 257 single test treatments were performed using wavelengths of 595 and 600 nm, fluences of 16, 18, and 20 J/cm2, a 1.5 ms pulse duration, and an elliptical spot of 2 x 7 mm. In 7 @entity0 , the skin surface temperature curve was measured after cooling with ice cubes vs hydrogel dressings, and spot geometry and fluence were investigated with and without the gel dressing. RESULTS: Vessel clearance was evaluated 6-8 weeks after treatment. 20 J/cm2 were most effective (80% clearance >50%), and 18 J/cm2 were more effective than 16 J/cm2 (66.2 vs 52.5% clearance >50%). There was a tendency towards better results with 595 nm, but the differences were not significant. Vessels with a diameter <0.5 mm cleared significantly better than those with 0.5-1 mm (69.1 vs 31.9% clearance >50%). Hypo- and @entity1 were seen in 32% of the @entity0 . Cooling with ice cubes proved to be far more effective than with hydrogel dressings (temperature decrease approx 15 vs 5 degrees C). Additionally, the gel dressing caused an energy loss of approx 35% and an irregular spot geometry as shown on burn paper. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of leg @entity2 with the 1.5 ms-PDL is safe and effective, especially in vessels smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter; 595 nm and 18 J/cm2 seem to be somewhat more effective as 600 nm and 16 J/cm2; and 20 J/cm2 are even more effective, but persistent @entity1 cannot yet be excluded due to insufficient follow-up time. Cooling with ice cubes is more effective and less expensive than gel dressings, and the short term clinical results are equivalent, even if the frequency of transient pigmentary changes is increased.

title: Leg XXXX treatment with a 1.5 ms pulsed dye laser, ice cube cooling of the skin and 595 vs 600 nm: preliminary results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely diagnosis and continued monitoring of @entity0 with @entity2 is critical because skeletal involvement can permanently disable @entity0 and visceral organ involvement can lead to @entity1 and secondary hematologic and biochemical complications. OBJECTIVE: To seek clinical consensus for minimum recommendations for effective diagnosis and monitoring of @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity0 , EVIDENCE, AND CONSENSUS PROCESS: Contributing authors collaborated in quarterly meetings over a 2-year period to synthesize recommendations from peer-reviewed publications and their own medical experiences. These physicians care for most @entity0 with @entity2 in the United States and serve as the US Regional Coordinators for the International Collaborative Gaucher Group Registry, the world's largest database for this disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The definitive method of diagnosis is enzyme assay of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity. Schedules differ for monitoring complications of @entity2 , depending on symptoms and whether enzyme replacement therapy is used. Hematologic and biochemical involvement should be assessed by complete blood cell count, including platelets, acid phosphatase, and liver enzymes, at baseline and every 12 months in untreated @entity0 and every 3 months and at enzyme replacement therapy changes in treated @entity0 . Visceral involvement should be assessed at diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic scans. Skeletal involvement should be assessed at diagnosis using T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the entire femora and plain radiography of the femora, spine, and symptomatic sites. Follow-up skeletal and visceral assessments are recommended every 12 to 24 months in untreated @entity0 , and every 12 months and at enzyme replacement therapy changes in treated @entity0 .

title: XXXX : recommendations on diagnosis, evaluation, and monitoring.

answer: @entity2


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity5 ( @entity4 ) is an endogenous chemical found in the @entity0 brain that when administered systemically readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and produces behavioral effects. Some previously reported observations, including reports of specific antagonism by @entity6 ( @entity6 ), support the hypothesis that @entity4 is a neurotransmitter with its own receptor system. In addition to its uncertain physiological role, the recent interest in @entity4 has been engendered by its illicit use and abuse. OBJECTIVES: To further characterize the behavioral effects of @entity4 and to evaluate @entity6 for its potential antagonistic effects. METHODS: Following the administration of @entity4 alone and in combination with @entity6 , @entity1 were tested in a Functional Observational Battery (FOB) and for their effects on locomotor activity and on schedule-maintained behavior. Additionally, spontaneous and @entity6 -precipitated withdrawal in @entity2 chronically treated with @entity4 was examined. RESULTS: In the FOB, @entity4 generally produced depressant-like effects that were generally not reversed by @entity6 . @entity4 also dose dependently reduced locomotor activity and rates of operant behavior, which were generally not reversed by co-administrations with @entity6 . Neither spontaneous nor @entity6 -precipitated signs of physical dependence were observed following chronic @entity4 administration. CONCLUSION: @entity4 dose dependently produced depressant-like effects on learned and unlearned behavior. The putative @entity4 antagonist @entity6 failed to convincingly antagonize these effects. @entity3 was not evident following spontaneous withdrawal or @entity6 challenge. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity6 's ability to antagonize @entity4 's effects may be very limited.

title: Effects of the putative antagonist XXXX on the behavioral pharmacological actions of @entity5 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity5 ( @entity4 ) is an endogenous chemical found in the @entity0 brain that when administered systemically readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and produces behavioral effects. Some previously reported observations, including reports of specific antagonism by @entity6 ( @entity6 ), support the hypothesis that @entity4 is a neurotransmitter with its own receptor system. In addition to its uncertain physiological role, the recent interest in @entity4 has been engendered by its illicit use and abuse. OBJECTIVES: To further characterize the behavioral effects of @entity4 and to evaluate @entity6 for its potential antagonistic effects. METHODS: Following the administration of @entity4 alone and in combination with @entity6 , @entity1 were tested in a Functional Observational Battery (FOB) and for their effects on locomotor activity and on schedule-maintained behavior. Additionally, spontaneous and @entity6 -precipitated withdrawal in @entity2 chronically treated with @entity4 was examined. RESULTS: In the FOB, @entity4 generally produced depressant-like effects that were generally not reversed by @entity6 . @entity4 also dose dependently reduced locomotor activity and rates of operant behavior, which were generally not reversed by co-administrations with @entity6 . Neither spontaneous nor @entity6 -precipitated signs of physical dependence were observed following chronic @entity4 administration. CONCLUSION: @entity4 dose dependently produced depressant-like effects on learned and unlearned behavior. The putative @entity4 antagonist @entity6 failed to convincingly antagonize these effects. @entity3 was not evident following spontaneous withdrawal or @entity6 challenge. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity6 's ability to antagonize @entity4 's effects may be very limited.

title: Effects of the putative antagonist @entity6 on the behavioral pharmacological actions of @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity5 ( @entity4 ) is an endogenous chemical found in the @entity0 brain that when administered systemically readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and produces behavioral effects. Some previously reported observations, including reports of specific antagonism by @entity6 ( @entity6 ), support the hypothesis that @entity4 is a neurotransmitter with its own receptor system. In addition to its uncertain physiological role, the recent interest in @entity4 has been engendered by its illicit use and abuse. OBJECTIVES: To further characterize the behavioral effects of @entity4 and to evaluate @entity6 for its potential antagonistic effects. METHODS: Following the administration of @entity4 alone and in combination with @entity6 , @entity1 were tested in a Functional Observational Battery (FOB) and for their effects on locomotor activity and on schedule-maintained behavior. Additionally, spontaneous and @entity6 -precipitated withdrawal in @entity2 chronically treated with @entity4 was examined. RESULTS: In the FOB, @entity4 generally produced depressant-like effects that were generally not reversed by @entity6 . @entity4 also dose dependently reduced locomotor activity and rates of operant behavior, which were generally not reversed by co-administrations with @entity6 . Neither spontaneous nor @entity6 -precipitated signs of physical dependence were observed following chronic @entity4 administration. CONCLUSION: @entity4 dose dependently produced depressant-like effects on learned and unlearned behavior. The putative @entity4 antagonist @entity6 failed to convincingly antagonize these effects. @entity3 was not evident following spontaneous withdrawal or @entity6 challenge. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity6 's ability to antagonize @entity4 's effects may be very limited.

title: Effects of the putative antagonist @entity6 on the behavioral pharmacological actions of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Defensins are a recently described family of peptides that play an important role in innate immunity. Recent studies have shown that defensins exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi. Three families have been identified so far in mammals, alpha-defensins, @entity3 , presumably derived from a common ancestral defensin. A long-term study on the evolution of these multigene families among primates has been undertaken to investigate: (1) the degree of interspecific differentiation; (2) the genetic mechanisms responsible for the variability of these molecules; and (3) the possible role of different environmental factors in their evolution. @entity1 sequences have been obtained from great and lesser apes, several African and Asian catarrhine monkeys and one New World monkey. A comparison of rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous ( @entity2 changing) @entity1 substitution indicates that the primate @entity4 gene evolved under a pattern of random @entity1 substitution as predicted by the neutral theory of molecular evolution. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that the primate @entity4 gene has diversified in response to changes in the microbial species to which a given host is exposed. Analyses of interpecific variability have yielded some insights about the pattern of molecular evolution of the gene among primates. @entity0 and great apes present high levels of sequence similarity, differing in only one @entity2 residue in the mature peptide. Compared with these taxa, hylobatids and cercopithecids exhibit 3-4 @entity2 substitutions, some of which increase the net charge of the active molecule.

title: XXXX gene variability among non- @entity0 primates.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Defensins are a recently described family of peptides that play an important role in innate immunity. Recent studies have shown that defensins exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi. Three families have been identified so far in mammals, alpha-defensins, @entity3 , presumably derived from a common ancestral defensin. A long-term study on the evolution of these multigene families among primates has been undertaken to investigate: (1) the degree of interspecific differentiation; (2) the genetic mechanisms responsible for the variability of these molecules; and (3) the possible role of different environmental factors in their evolution. @entity1 sequences have been obtained from great and lesser apes, several African and Asian catarrhine monkeys and one New World monkey. A comparison of rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous ( @entity2 changing) @entity1 substitution indicates that the primate @entity4 gene evolved under a pattern of random @entity1 substitution as predicted by the neutral theory of molecular evolution. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that the primate @entity4 gene has diversified in response to changes in the microbial species to which a given host is exposed. Analyses of interpecific variability have yielded some insights about the pattern of molecular evolution of the gene among primates. @entity0 and great apes present high levels of sequence similarity, differing in only one @entity2 residue in the mature peptide. Compared with these taxa, hylobatids and cercopithecids exhibit 3-4 @entity2 substitutions, some of which increase the net charge of the active molecule.

title: @entity4 gene variability among non- XXXX primates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity12 ( @entity12 )-targeted cytotoxin, @entity10 -PE38QQR, composed of @entity10 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), is found to be highly and specifically cytotoxic to @entity0 solid @entity1 cell lines. However, the mechanism of @entity1 cell death mediated by @entity10 toxin is still not known. To elucidate the mechanism, we utilized four @entity2 cell lines (SCC-25, HN12, KCCT873, and YCUM911), which express high levels of @entity12 , and @entity10 toxin is highly cytotoxic to these cells. We observed chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, indicating apoptotic cell death, after treatment with @entity10 toxin, as determined by @entity8 staining and DNA ladder assays. However, @entity10 did not induce cell death. Flow cytometric analysis suggested that these @entity1 cell lines increased the sub-G1/G0 phase DNA population in a dose- and time-dependent manner (ranged between 10 and 30%) after treatment with @entity10 toxin. By Western blot analysis, cleavage of @entity4 and @entity11 was observed after treatment with a high concentration of @entity10 toxin, also suggesting apoptotic cell death. In addition, the results of immunofluorescence and RT-PCR assays showed that the apoptosis-regulator, @entity5 was downregulated after treatment with @entity10 toxin, while @entity6 was upregulated. Moreover, significant @entity9 production was detected in the HN12 cell line after treatment with @entity10 toxin for 48--96 h. Taken together, our results suggest that @entity10 toxin-induced @entity3 is at least partially mediated by the apoptosis and @entity7 pathways. This information may be useful in developing specific approaches where apoptotic bodies from @entity1 cells may be used to pulse antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of @entity1 .

title: Apoptotic pathways of cell death induced by an interleukin-13 receptor-targeted recombinant cytotoxin in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2