abstract: BACKGROUND: Identifying @entity1 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 can be challenging. This study assesses the value that inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers add to clinical data when predicting infectious etiologies of abnormal vital signs (AVSs) in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: This study was a prospective, observational cohort study of @entity2 @entity0 with AVSs at an urban, academic tertiary-care hospital, identified from March 1, 2013, to April 15, 2013. Collected blood samples were assayed for soluble @entity4 (sE-selectin), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, @entity3 , sFlt-1, and procalcitonin. History and physical examination were abstracted from the @entity2 documentation. The primary outcome, infectious etiology, was adjudicated by review of the hospital documentation. Three multivariate logistic regression models predicting @entity1 were created using clinical data, biomarkers, and combined clinical data and biomarker assessments. Integrated discrimination improvement tested the discriminate value of the biomarker and combined models compared with the clinical data model. RESULTS: We enrolled 115 @entity0 : 49 determined to have an @entity1 (43%) and 66 without (57%). All biomarkers were significantly associated with @entity1 in univariate analysis. The best clinical model (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.76) included initial temperature (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.2) and history of fever (OR, 5.0; CI, 1.4-14). The best biomarker model (AUC,   0.82) predicting @entity1 included sE-selectin (OR, 11.0; 95% CI, 1.6-74) and @entity3 (OR, 5.1; CI, 2.3-11.6). The combined clinical and biomarker model had an AUC of 0.88, with integrated discrimination improvement = 0.21, compared with the clinical model alone. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory and endothelial markers can improve the clinical identification of @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 with AVSs.

title: The Utility of Inflammatory and Endothelial Markers to Identify Infection in Emergency Department XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Survival from @entity2 requires a coordinated and controlled inflammatory and immune response. Mitochondrial and metabolic responses to stress have been shown to play a role in these inflammatory and immune responses. We hypothesized that increases in mitochondrial biogenesis via a @entity6 agonist would decrease tissue injury and partially ameliorate the immunosuppression seen following @entity2 . C57Bl/6 @entity0 were subjected to a multiple @entity2 model. @entity0 were pretreated with either 100 mg/kg per day of the @entity6 agonist, Srt1720, via oral gavage for 2 days prior to @entity2 and extended until the day the animals were killed, or they were pretreated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y coactivator 1a ( @entity5 ) siRNA via hydrodynamic tail vein injection 48 h prior to @entity2 . Markers for mitochondrial function and biogenesis were measured in addition to splenocyte proliferative capacity and bacterial clearance. Srt1720 was noted to improve mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial function, and complex IV activity following @entity2 (P < 0.05), whereas knockdown of @entity5 resulted in exacerbation of @entity4 (P < 0.05). These changes in mitochondrial function were associated with altered severity of @entity1 with significant reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase levels seen in @entity0 treated with srt1720. Splenocyte proliferative capacity and intraperitoneal bacterial clearance were evaluated as markers for overall immune function following @entity3 . Treatment with Srt1720 minimized the @entity2 -induced decreases in splenocyte proliferation (P < 0.05), whereas treatment with @entity5 siRNA led to diminished bacterial clearance. The @entity5 signaling pathway is an important regulator of mitochondrial function and biogenesis, which can potentially be harnessed to protect against @entity1 and minimize the immunosuppression that is seen following @entity3 .

title: XXXX Agonist Minimizes Injury and Improves the Immune Response Following Traumatic Shock.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to report a 7-year experience of microvascular reconstruction of scalp defects, compare @entity1 type and outcomes, and evaluate the implications of short and long term complications. METHODS: Following institutional review board approval, a single surgeon's @entity0 requiring microvascular scalp reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed from 2005 to 2011. @entity1 choice, complications, and outcomes were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity0 met inclusion criteria (10 male and 9 female) with a mean age of 60.2  21.4 years (range, 23-90 years). All free tissue transfers (n=20) achieved 100% soft tissue coverage. Mean size calvarial defect was 106.6  67.2cm (range, 35-285cm), with 11 requiring cranioplasty. Free flaps included the following: 13 anteriolateral thigh, 5 ulnar, 1 latissimus dorsi, and 1 thoracodorsal artery perforator. Mean @entity1 size was 154.1  87.3cm (range, 42-336cm). Early complications (<30 days following surgery) occurred in 21.1% of @entity0 and late complications (>30 days following surgery) in 52.6% of @entity0 . @entity0 with an early complication were 2 times more likely to develop a late complication (relative risk, 2.1) but did not reach statistical significance. Late complications were more likely to require surgical intervention, 84.2% versus 60% of early complications (P=0.079). CONCLUSIONS: Microvascular free tissue transfer is the @entity2 but carries a high likelihood of future reoperations. Early complications are less concerning than late complications, as the need for future surgical intervention is associated with late complications. There is lack of evidence to support a superior @entity1 choice.

title: Microsurgical Reconstruction of Complex Scalp Defects: An Appraisal of XXXX Selection and the Timing of Complications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is a rare disease which usually occurs in immunocompromised @entity0 . We describe a 57-year-old @entity0 with @entity1 with a mass-like shadow in the right middle lung field. Transbronchial lung biopsy of the right lung revealed numerous @entity4 -like fungi in @entity2 . These findings, together with positive serum cryptococcal antigen yielded a diagnosis of @entity3 secondary to @entity1 . Despite treatment with several anti-fungal drugs, and @entity7 and @entity5 developed. He was referred to our hospital for further examination and therapy. The presence of positive cryptococcal antigen and numerous @entity4 -like fungi were confirmed cytologically in the @entity5 . Therefore, we suspected that @entity3 had perforated into the thoracic space and @entity8 had developed. Because antifungal drugs were ineffective, debridement of the fibrinopurulent material by medical thoracoscopy and chest drainage were performed. The clinical symptoms of this @entity0 improved with antifungal treatment for 1 year, and we successfully treated the cryptococcal @entity8 without recurrence. Debridement by medical thoracoscopy and chest drainage were useful for this case of cryptococcal @entity8 .

title: [A case of cryptococcal XXXX successfully treated by debridement by medical thoracoscopy with local anesthesia].

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although screening and brief intervention (SBI) for unhealthy @entity1 use has demonstrated efficacy in some trials, its implementation has been limited. Technology-delivered approaches are a promising alternative, particularly during pregnancy when the importance of @entity1 use is amplified. The present trial evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of an interactive, empathic, video-enhanced, and computer-delivered SBI (e-SBI) plus 3 tailored mailings, and estimated intervention effects. METHODS: We recruited 48 pregnant @entity0 who screened positive for @entity1 risk at an urban prenatal care clinic. @entity0 were randomly assigned to the e-SBI plus mailings or to a control session on @entity0 nutrition, and were re-evaluated during their postpartum hospitalization. The primary outcome was 90-day period prevalence abstinence as measured by timeline follow-back interview. RESULTS: @entity0 rated the intervention as easy to use and helpful (4.7 to 5.0 on a 5-point scale). Blinded follow-up evaluation at childbirth revealed medium-size intervention effects on 90-day period prevalence abstinence (OR  =  3.4); similarly, intervention effects on a combined healthy pregnancy outcome variable (live birth, normal birthweight, and no neonatal intensive care unit stay) were also of moderate magnitude in favor of e-SBI @entity0 (OR  =  3.3). As expected in this intentionally underpowered pilot trial, these effects were nonsignificant (p  =  0.19 and 0.09, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot trial demonstrated the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of e-SBI plus tailored mailings for @entity1 use in pregnancy. These findings mirror the promising results of other trials using a similar approach and should be confirmed in a fully powered trial.

title: Computer-Delivered Screening and Brief Intervention for XXXX Use in Pregnancy: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness (as measured as cost per life-year saved) of white blood cell growth factor or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) use among a large cohort of elderly @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 in a real-world setting. METHODS: We identified 13,203 @entity3 @entity0 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database who received the diagnosis from 1992 to 2002 and who received chemotherapy within 12 months of diagnosis. Benefit (effectiveness) of @entity4 use (primary and secondary prophylaxis) was measured as observed improvement in overall survival. Costs for each @entity0 were calculated by adding the cumulative reimbursement amounts from Medicare claims. Cost-effectiveness was estimated by modeling the joint influence of @entity4 use on both costs and effectiveness using a propensity-score net monetary benefit approach. RESULTS: Primary prophylactic @entity4 use was cost-effective at lower willingness-to-pay thresholds, whereas at higher thresholds, not providing prophylactic @entity4 became the cost-effective strategy. For secondary prophylactic @entity4 use among @entity0 experiencing @entity2 , @entity1 , the opposite trend was observed. For low willingness-to-pay thresholds (< 20,000 per life-year gained), not administering @entity4 was the cost-effective strategy, whereas @entity4 use became cost-effective as willingness to pay increased (from  100,000+ per life-year gained). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first large population-based study to empirically measure the cost-effectiveness of @entity4 among @entity3 @entity0 treated with chemotherapy. @entity4 use as primary or secondary prophylaxis may be a cost-effective strategy depending on society's (or payers') willingness to pay for improvements in outcomes.

title: Cost-effectiveness of white blood cell growth factor use among a large nationwide cohort of elderly XXXX @entity0 treated with chemotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness (as measured as cost per life-year saved) of white blood cell growth factor or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) use among a large cohort of elderly @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 in a real-world setting. METHODS: We identified 13,203 @entity3 @entity0 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database who received the diagnosis from 1992 to 2002 and who received chemotherapy within 12 months of diagnosis. Benefit (effectiveness) of @entity4 use (primary and secondary prophylaxis) was measured as observed improvement in overall survival. Costs for each @entity0 were calculated by adding the cumulative reimbursement amounts from Medicare claims. Cost-effectiveness was estimated by modeling the joint influence of @entity4 use on both costs and effectiveness using a propensity-score net monetary benefit approach. RESULTS: Primary prophylactic @entity4 use was cost-effective at lower willingness-to-pay thresholds, whereas at higher thresholds, not providing prophylactic @entity4 became the cost-effective strategy. For secondary prophylactic @entity4 use among @entity0 experiencing @entity2 , @entity1 , the opposite trend was observed. For low willingness-to-pay thresholds (< 20,000 per life-year gained), not administering @entity4 was the cost-effective strategy, whereas @entity4 use became cost-effective as willingness to pay increased (from  100,000+ per life-year gained). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first large population-based study to empirically measure the cost-effectiveness of @entity4 among @entity3 @entity0 treated with chemotherapy. @entity4 use as primary or secondary prophylaxis may be a cost-effective strategy depending on society's (or payers') willingness to pay for improvements in outcomes.

title: Cost-effectiveness of white blood cell growth factor use among a large nationwide cohort of elderly @entity3 XXXX treated with chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: The effect of suffering among @entity0 with advanced @entity2 on their family members' mental health has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES: To describe family members' exposure to distressing symptoms among nursing home (NH) residents with advanced @entity2 and associations between such exposure and family members' mental health. METHODS: Data were obtained from an 18-month prospective cohort study of NH residents with advanced @entity2 and their family member health care proxies (HCPs). Exposure to resident symptoms and associated fear and helplessness was measured quarterly using the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) scale (range 0-120). HCP mental health was assessed quarterly using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) ( @entity3 ), K6 (psychological distress, range 0-24), and SF-12(  ) mental health subscale. RESULTS: Seven hundred seventy-nine @entity5 scale assessments were completed by 225 HCPs. The most frequent distressing symptoms were the following: feeling the resident had had enough (33.2%), @entity4 (21.1%), and @entity1 (18.9%). The symptoms eliciting the greatest fear were thinking the resident was dead and seeing them choke. A sense of helplessness was highest when the resident was observed to be in @entity1 or @entity4 . Family members with @entity5 scores >0 were more likely to meet criteria for @entity3 on the CIDI-SF (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14, 5.85), have a K6 score >0 (AOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.55, 3.43), and have lower SF-12 scores (adjusted parameter estimate -1.51, 95% CI -2.56, -0.47). CONCLUSION: Family member exposure to distressing symptoms experienced by their loved ones with advanced @entity2 is not uncommon and is associated with worse mental health.

title: Mental health and exposure to @entity0 distress among families of nursing home residents with advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: The effect of suffering among @entity0 with advanced @entity2 on their family members' mental health has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES: To describe family members' exposure to distressing symptoms among nursing home (NH) residents with advanced @entity2 and associations between such exposure and family members' mental health. METHODS: Data were obtained from an 18-month prospective cohort study of NH residents with advanced @entity2 and their family member health care proxies (HCPs). Exposure to resident symptoms and associated fear and helplessness was measured quarterly using the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) scale (range 0-120). HCP mental health was assessed quarterly using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) ( @entity3 ), K6 (psychological distress, range 0-24), and SF-12(  ) mental health subscale. RESULTS: Seven hundred seventy-nine @entity5 scale assessments were completed by 225 HCPs. The most frequent distressing symptoms were the following: feeling the resident had had enough (33.2%), @entity4 (21.1%), and @entity1 (18.9%). The symptoms eliciting the greatest fear were thinking the resident was dead and seeing them choke. A sense of helplessness was highest when the resident was observed to be in @entity1 or @entity4 . Family members with @entity5 scores >0 were more likely to meet criteria for @entity3 on the CIDI-SF (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14, 5.85), have a K6 score >0 (AOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.55, 3.43), and have lower SF-12 scores (adjusted parameter estimate -1.51, 95% CI -2.56, -0.47). CONCLUSION: Family member exposure to distressing symptoms experienced by their loved ones with advanced @entity2 is not uncommon and is associated with worse mental health.

title: Mental health and exposure to XXXX distress among families of nursing home residents with advanced @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in adults is a challenging @entity1 in that many @entity0 will show evidence of initial chemotherapy responsiveness but will subsequently relapse. The disease is heterogeneous and outcomes vary dramatically depending on the prognostic factors present in an individual @entity0 . An important determinant of outcome is the age of the @entity0 . The stunning success of therapy in paediatric @entity2 has led to the use of intensive paediatric regimens in adolescents and young adults with what appear to be improved outcomes. For @entity0 who relapse or have high-risk features, blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) continues to play an important role in the therapeutic armamentarium. The use of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens for allogeneic BMT suggests that outcomes may be improved by this approach. Monoclonal antibodies are showing benefit as single agents in the relapsed setting or in combination with chemotherapy in newly diagnosed @entity0 . In recent years, several new chemotherapeutic agents have shown promise as single agents and are being incorporated into multi-agent chemotherapy. The development of @entity4 kinase inhibitors for @entity3 has significantly improved outcomes. The molecular revolution has led to the identification of new aberrant molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of @entity2 , and drugs targeting these aberrancies are in various stages of development preclinically and clinically. These developments bring the hope that therapeutic outcomes in @entity2 can begin to approach those seen in the paediatric setting.

title: Pharmacotherapeutic advances in the treatment of XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A retrospective study of sickness @entity1 and their relation to smoking habits was conducted among a heterogeneous population of 1867 staff members of 12 Australian organizations. Data on smoking habits were used to divide the sample into current cigarette smokers (n=392), ex-cigarette smokers (n=182) and those who had never smoked (n=714). Results of the health survey by self-administered questionnaire showed that the prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher in cigarette smokers than in non-smokers both in @entity0 and @entity0 . Smoking was particularly related to frequency of cough, and sputum production. Wheezing showed a similar, though less marked, trend. The influence of smoking on the pulmonary function value, FEV1/FVC% was assessed in a group of 972 @entity0 and 297 @entity0 . Results of analysis of variance showed that ventilatory function was significantly impaired among smokers and ex-smokers. The sickness absence records of 826 cigarette smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers were also compared. Both frequency and duration of sickness absence were greater in cigarette smokers and ex-smokers. Significant differences between these groups were confirmed in total as well as in certified absence. Among males, the average number of days off work was 1.59 times greater in male smokers than in male non-smokers, and 1.36 times greater for female subjects who smoked. The epidemiological implications of such findings await further research. However, the consequences for the individual, industry and the general community are apparent.

title: Sickness XXXX and smoking in industry: an australian study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditionally, @entity5 during @entity2 is considered mandatory to prevent postoperative development of @entity5 . However, ligation may induce @entity4 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of @entity5 after @entity2 . METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to investigate the outcomes of @entity5 for open or laparoscopic @entity2 . Incidence of @entity5 was assessed following the surgery. The secondary outcomes included @entity4 . RESULTS: Five trials were selected and their results were summarized. These 5 trials were published between 1984 and 2014, and the sample sizes ranged from 50 to 467 @entity0 . Four trials had recruited @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent open repair, and one study enrolled @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic procedures. We observed no difference in the incidence of @entity5 and @entity3 between the sac ligation and nonligation groups. Postoperatively, the intensity of @entity1 was significantly higher in the ligation group than in the nonligation group at Day 7 (Weight mean difference 1.46; 95% confident interval: 0.98-1.95). CONCLUSION: Hernia sac ligation was associated with higher @entity4 , and did not show any benefit over sac nonligation regarding the incidence of recurrence and @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing open tension-free mesh repair or laparoscopic procedures.

title: Sac ligation in XXXX : A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Around 3-5% of the population suffer from IgE-mediated @entity5 in Western countries and the number of food-allergenic @entity0 is increasing. Individuals with certain @entity4 may also suffer from a sensitisation to proteins in the food products. As an example a @entity0 sensitised to the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, is often sensitised to its homologues, such as the major allergens of apple, Mal d 1, and celery, Api g 1, as well. Development of tools for the reliable, sensitive and quick detection of allergens present in various food products is essential for @entity2 @entity0 to prevent the consumption of substances causing mild and even life-threatening immune responses. The use of monoclonal antibodies would ensure the specific detection of the harmful food content for a sensitised @entity0 . METHODS: Mouse IgG antibody libraries were constructed from immunised @entity1 and specific recombinant antibodies for Mal d 1 and Api g 1 were isolated from the libraries by phage display. More detailed characterisation of the resulting antibodies was carried out using ELISA, SPR experiments and immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS: The allergen-specific @entity3 fragments exhibited high affinity towards the target recombinant allergens. Furthermore, the @entity3 fragments also recognised native allergens from natural sources. Interestingly, isolated Mal d 1-specific antibody bound also to Bet v 1, the main allergen eliciting the cross-reactivity syndrome between the birch pollen and apple. Despite the similarities in Api g 1 and Bet v 1 tertiary structures, the isolated Api g 1-specific antibodies showed no cross-reactivity to Bet v 1. CONCLUSIONS: Here, high-affinity allergen-specific recombinant antibodies were isolated with interesting binding properties. With further development, these antibodies can be utilised as tools for the specific and reliable detection of allergens from different consumable products. This study gives new preliminary insights to elucidate the mechanism behind the @entity4 and to study the IgG epitope of the allergens.

title: Isolation of Mal d 1 and Api g 1 - specific recombinant antibodies from mouse IgG XXXX fragment libraries - Mal d 1-specific antibody exhibits cross-reactivity against Bet v 1.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some important knowledge has recently been gained on @entity0 ( @entity0 ) despite its rarity. GOAL: This article summarizes the most relevant progress in the diagnostics and therapy of @entity0 and discusses future directions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Reference articles in the English language literature were studied with respect to future approaches in @entity0 . RESULTS: New diagnostic methods in cerebrospinal fluid have been developed to facilitate @entity1 diagnosis; however, their value still has to be validated. A better immunohistological and molecular characterization of @entity0 will probably result in identification of new therapeutic targets. The only phase III trial for @entity0 completed so far did not demonstrate a survival advantage with whole brain irradiation after high-dose @entity2 (HDMTX)-based chemotherapy as compared to chemotherapy alone. The optimal primary chemotherapy has not yet been established due to a lack of results from randomized trials. Non-comparative studies suggest a superiority of combined polychemotherapy over HDMTX monotherapy. Future therapeutic developments are directed towards consolidation of HDMTX-based induction chemotherapy with noncross-resistant conventional chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation. An important goal of all therapies for @entity0 is to avoid delayed @entity3 . DISCUSSION: Further improvement of diagnostics and well-designed comparative studies, including new drugs when possible are still needed to define the optimal management of this still frequently prognostically unfavorable disease.

title: [Primary XXXX : Progress in the diagnostics and therapy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The thermophilic filamentous fungus @entity3 has many suitable characteristics for industrial biotechnology and could be a promising new chassis system for synthetic biology, particularly the ATCC 42464 strain, whose genome was sequenced in 2011. However, metabolic engineering of this strain using genetic approaches has not been reported owing to a lack of genetic tools for this organism. RESULTS: In the present study, we developed a high efficiency @entity0 mediated transformation system for @entity2 , including an approach for targeted gene deletion using green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a marker for selection. Up to 145 transformants per 10(5) conidia were obtained in one transformation plate. Moreover, a ku70 deletion mutant was constructed in the ATCC 42464 background using the tools developed in present study and subsequently characterized. The ku70 deletion construct was designed using resistance to @entity1 as the selection marker. Additionally, a GFP-encoding cassette was incorporated that allowed for the selection of site-specific (no fluorescence) or ectopic (fluorescence) integration of the ku70 construct. Transformants with ectopically integrated ku70 deletion constructs were therefore identified using the fluorescent signal of GFP. PCR and Southern blotting analyses of non-fluorescent putative ku70 deletion transformants revealed all 11 tested transformants to be correct deletions. The deletion frequency in a pool of 116 transformants analyzed was 58  %. Moreover, the homologous rate improved about 3 folds under ku70 mutant using the pyrG as a test gene to disrupt in @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: We successfully developed an efficient transformation and target gene disruption approach for @entity4 mediated by A. tumefaciens. The tools and the ku70 deletion strain developed here should advance the development of @entity2 as an industrial host through metabolic engineering and accelerate the elucidation of the mechanism of rapid cellulose degradation in this thermophilic fungus.

title: Development of genetic tools for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial aspects for the understanding of the disease characteristics and its relationship with diagnostic tests. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study involving 2,660 American @entity2 (ACL) suspected @entity0 from southern Brazil was undertaken between April 1986 and December 2005. Data on population characteristics and laboratory tests were obtained. Diagnostic laboratory tests used were direct search for Leishmania spp. (DS), @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). RESULTS: 62.3% of @entity0 were positive for at least one laboratory test. DS test was positive in 65.1%; @entity1 in 92.3% and IFA in 70.0%. Although Cohen's Kappa test did not reveal any agreement with laboratory diagnosis for ACL, the association between @entity1 and IFA tests increased positiveness to 98.9%; @entity1 and DS to 97.2%; and IFA and DS to 85%. IFA and @entity1 positiveness were higher among @entity0 with < 2-month lesion-evolution time. Most ACL @entity0 were male (72.6%) in the age range of 15-49 years, featuring lesions during two months or less (53.9%) and a cutaneous form of the disease (88.0%). CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that for the adequate identification of ACL cases a combination of laboratory tests that involves the association of @entity1 with at least another test should be used.

title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of XXXX and their relationship with the laboratory data, south of Brazil.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Several studies have identified the single nucleotide polymorphism @entity3 @entity5 as a low-penetrance risk allele for @entity0 , but its prevalence and risk association in the Brazilian population have not been determined. The goal of this study was to identify the frequency of this polymorphism in the Brazilian setting. Considering the high degree of admixture of our population, it is of fundamental importance to validate the results already reported in the literature and also to verify the relationship between this variant and @entity0 risk. A total of 750 @entity1 without @entity0 were genotyped using the TaqMan PCR assay for @entity3 @entity5 polymorphism. Clinical information was obtained from review of the medical records and mammographic density from the images obtained using the BI-RADS System. The estimated risk of developing @entity2 was calculated according to the Gail model. The genotypic frequencies observed in this study were 4.5, 38.7, and 56.6%, respectively, for the @entity3 @entity5 AA, @entity4 and TT genotypes. The @entity4 and AA genotypes were encountered significantly more often in premenopausal @entity1 with moderately dense, dense and heterogeneously dense breast tissue (P = 0.023). In addition, the presence of the TT genotype was significantly associated with age at menarche >= 12 years (P = 0.023). High mammographic density, associated with @entity0 risk, was encountered more frequently in premenopausal @entity1 with the risk genotypes @entity3 @entity5 AA and @entity4 . The genotypic frequencies observed in our Brazilian sample were similar to those described in other predominantly European populations.

title: Prevalence of the XXXX @entity5 polymorphism and its relationship with mammographic density.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several studies have identified the single nucleotide polymorphism @entity3 @entity5 as a low-penetrance risk allele for @entity0 , but its prevalence and risk association in the Brazilian population have not been determined. The goal of this study was to identify the frequency of this polymorphism in the Brazilian setting. Considering the high degree of admixture of our population, it is of fundamental importance to validate the results already reported in the literature and also to verify the relationship between this variant and @entity0 risk. A total of 750 @entity1 without @entity0 were genotyped using the TaqMan PCR assay for @entity3 @entity5 polymorphism. Clinical information was obtained from review of the medical records and mammographic density from the images obtained using the BI-RADS System. The estimated risk of developing @entity2 was calculated according to the Gail model. The genotypic frequencies observed in this study were 4.5, 38.7, and 56.6%, respectively, for the @entity3 @entity5 AA, @entity4 and TT genotypes. The @entity4 and AA genotypes were encountered significantly more often in premenopausal @entity1 with moderately dense, dense and heterogeneously dense breast tissue (P = 0.023). In addition, the presence of the TT genotype was significantly associated with age at menarche >= 12 years (P = 0.023). High mammographic density, associated with @entity0 risk, was encountered more frequently in premenopausal @entity1 with the risk genotypes @entity3 @entity5 AA and @entity4 . The genotypic frequencies observed in our Brazilian sample were similar to those described in other predominantly European populations.

title: Prevalence of the @entity3 XXXX polymorphism and its relationship with mammographic density.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term outcomes and complication management of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection(STER) for esophageal @entity1 ( @entity1 ) originating from the muscularis propria( @entity6 ) layer. METHODS: Clinical data of 48 @entity0 with esophageal @entity1 from @entity6 layer undergoing STER in the Department of Gastroenterology, the First @entity0 's Hospital of Xiangshan, Zhejiang, and the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai between September 2013 and August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological features, complication management, and short-term outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: All the @entity0 underwent STER successfully. The complete resection rate was 100%. The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was (22.9  12.1) mm (range 9.0-60.0 mm), and the mean operation time 41.8 min (range 15.0-140.0 min). Intraoperative @entity7 occurred in 5 @entity0 (10.4%), which was successfully clipped, @entity4 in 2 @entity0 (4.2%) and @entity8 in 3 @entity0 (6.3%), which were successfully controlled with conservative treatments. Five @entity0 (10.4%) had postoperative severe @entity5 . Seven @entity0 (14.6%) developed @entity2 , among them, 5 were managed by conservative therapy, and 2 were @entity3 , who were successfully treated after reclosing the ruptured tunnel entry with clips. All the @entity1 had @entity1 -free resection margins. The average length of postoperative hospital stay was 2.4 days (range 1-13 days). Local recurrence and distant metastasis did not occur during mean 6.8 months (range 2-12 months) follow up. CONCLUSIONS: STER appears to be a safe and effective option for esophageal @entity1 originating from @entity6 layer. Common complications related to STER often can be successfully controlled with conservative treatments.

title: [Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection in the treatment of esophageal XXXX originating from muscularis propria layer].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster virus vaccine was recommended for the prevention of @entity1 and its sequelae by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in 2006. To date the efficacy and safety of vaccination for preventing the most common complication of zoster, @entity4 , has not been systematically  reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To  assess  the  efficacy  and  safety  of  vaccination in preventing @entity4 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched MEDLINE (January 1966 to December 2010), EMBASE (January 1980 to January 2011), LILACS (January 1982 to December 2010), the Cochrane @entity2 ( @entity2 ) Group Specialized Register (10 January 2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (10 January 2010 in the Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2010) and the Chinese Biomedical Retrieval System (January 1978 to December 2010). We also checked the references of published studies to identify additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised  controlled  trials comparing @entity3 vaccination with placebo, no vaccination or another intervention, irrespective of publication status or language. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality, then extracted and analysed data from the trials which met the inclusion criteria. We collected adverse effects information from the trials. MAIN RESULTS: One trial, which involved 38,546 subjects and compared vaccination with placebo, met our inclusion criteria. This included study was of high quality. However, its @entity0 were all aged 60 years or more and most of them were white, which may mean that its findings are not applicable to all populations. The vaccine was effective in decreasing the incidence of @entity1 , but there was no evidence that it had efficacy in reducing the incidence of @entity4 beyond its effect on the incidence of @entity1 . Adverse events at the injection site were more common among vaccine recipients than placebo recipients, but they were mild and resolved in a few days. Serious adverse events were rare. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient direct evidence from specialised trials to prove the efficacy of vaccine for preventing @entity4 beyond its effect on reducing @entity1 , although vaccination may be efficacious and safe for preventing @entity1 and thus reduce the incidence of @entity4 in adults aged 60 years or older.

title: Vaccination for preventing XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: As @entity2 progresses, @entity0 experience a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Delaying this decline is an important treatment goal. In newly diagnosed @entity2 , progression-free survival was prolonged when bevacizumab was added to radiotherapy plus @entity3 (RT/ @entity4 ) versus placebo plus RT/ @entity4 (phase III AVAglio study; hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.74; P < .001). To ensure that addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care therapy was not associated with HRQoL detriment, HRQoL assessment was a secondary objective. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 completed European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity1 Quality of Life Questionnaires C30 and BN20 at each @entity1 assessment (Appendix Table A1, online only). Raw scores were converted to a 100-point scale and mean changes from baseline scores were evaluated (stable: < 10-point change; clinically relevant deterioration/improvement: >=  10-point change). Deterioration-free survival was the time to deterioration/progression/death; time to deterioration was the time to deterioration/death. RESULTS: Most evaluable @entity0 who had not progressed (> 74%) completed all HRQoL assessments for at least 1 year of treatment, and almost all completed at least one HRQoL assessment at baseline (98.3% and 97.6%, bevacizumab and placebo arms, respectively). Mean changes from baseline did not reach a clinically relevant difference between arms for most items. HRQoL declined at progression in both arms. The addition of bevacizumab to RT/ @entity4 resulted in statistically longer (P < .001) deterioration-free survival across all items. Time to deterioration was not statistically longer in the placebo plus RT/ @entity4 arm (v bevacizumab) for any HRQoL item. CONCLUSION: The addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care treatment for newly diagnosed @entity2 had no impact on HRQoL during the progression-free period.

title: Health-Related Quality of Life in a Randomized Phase III Study of Bevacizumab, @entity3 , and Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: As @entity2 progresses, @entity0 experience a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Delaying this decline is an important treatment goal. In newly diagnosed @entity2 , progression-free survival was prolonged when bevacizumab was added to radiotherapy plus @entity3 (RT/ @entity4 ) versus placebo plus RT/ @entity4 (phase III AVAglio study; hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.74; P < .001). To ensure that addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care therapy was not associated with HRQoL detriment, HRQoL assessment was a secondary objective. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 completed European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity1 Quality of Life Questionnaires C30 and BN20 at each @entity1 assessment (Appendix Table A1, online only). Raw scores were converted to a 100-point scale and mean changes from baseline scores were evaluated (stable: < 10-point change; clinically relevant deterioration/improvement: >=  10-point change). Deterioration-free survival was the time to deterioration/progression/death; time to deterioration was the time to deterioration/death. RESULTS: Most evaluable @entity0 who had not progressed (> 74%) completed all HRQoL assessments for at least 1 year of treatment, and almost all completed at least one HRQoL assessment at baseline (98.3% and 97.6%, bevacizumab and placebo arms, respectively). Mean changes from baseline did not reach a clinically relevant difference between arms for most items. HRQoL declined at progression in both arms. The addition of bevacizumab to RT/ @entity4 resulted in statistically longer (P < .001) deterioration-free survival across all items. Time to deterioration was not statistically longer in the placebo plus RT/ @entity4 arm (v bevacizumab) for any HRQoL item. CONCLUSION: The addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care treatment for newly diagnosed @entity2 had no impact on HRQoL during the progression-free period.

title: Health-Related Quality of Life in a Randomized Phase III Study of Bevacizumab, XXXX , and Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Kaempferia galanga is an important medicinal plant and has been traditionally used to help restlessness, stress, @entity1 , @entity3 etc. in tropics and subtropics of Asia including Bangladesh, India, China, Japan and Indochina. Literature survey revealed that there are very less reports on neuropharmacological activity of this plant. Therefore, the present study investigated the sedative activity of different extracts of rhizome and leaf of Kaempferia galanga. METHODS: The sedative activity was evaluated by using thiopental @entity6 induced sleeping time, hole cross and open field tests in Swiss albino @entity0 at the doses of 100 and 200  mg/kg body weight per oral (p.o). The @entity5 extract of rhizome (ACR), as well as petroleum ether fraction (PEF), @entity8 fraction (CHF), @entity4 fraction (MEF) and @entity5 extract of leaf (ACL) were examined for sedative activity. RESULTS: In the sedative activity study, all the extracts exhibited significant (p   <   0.05 and p   <   0.001) reduction of onset and duration of thiopental @entity6 induced sleeping time, reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in the hole cross and open field tests. In thiopental @entity6 induced sleeping time test, the @entity8 extract of rhizome (200  mg/kg) showed maximum 358.55  % effect in duration of loss of righting reflex, whereas the standard drug @entity7 (2  mg/kg) produced 231.42  % effect. In hole cross and open field tests, maximum 95.09  % and 95.58  % suppression of locomotor activity were observed with the acetonic leaf extract (200  mg/kg) whereas suppression of locomotor activity of the standard drug @entity7 were 71.70  % and 70.58  % respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that the @entity5 extracts of rhizome and leaf of Kaempferia galanga including fractions @entity2 (CNS) depressant properties which supports its use in traditional medicine. So, the plant may be further investigated to find out for its pharmacological active natural products.

title: Study of sedative activity of different extracts of Kaempferia galanga in Swiss albino XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate characteristic sonographic findings for mumps @entity3 with @entity2 . METHODS: This study included 18 @entity0 (aged 12-18 years) with mumps @entity3 . We assessed the volume, echogenicity, and vascularity of the testes and the transverse diameter, echogenicity, and vascularity of the epididymal head, body, and tail. We classified 4 types of @entity2 : 1A, focal swelling of the epididymal head with hypervascularity only on the swollen head; 1B, focal swelling of the epididymal head with hypervascularity on the entire epididymis; 1C, @entity1 with hypervascularity; and 2, no @entity2 . The Student t test was used to evaluate the significance of the size of each part of the epididymis and the epididymal head-to-tail diameter ratio. RESULTS: @entity3 was unilateral in 13 @entity0 and bilateral in 5. Of 23 affected hemiscrotums, 7 (30.4%) were type 1A, 4 (17.4%) type 1B, 2 (8.7%) type 1C, and 10 (43.5%) type 2. In 11 @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 , the mean diameters    SDs of the epididymal heads on the affected and contralateral sides were 1.11    0.19 (range, 0.7-1.7) and 0.65    0.14 (0.3-0.9) cm (significantly different, P <.001). The diameters of the epididymal tails on the affected and contralateral sides were 0.51    0.41 (0.2-0.8) and 0.46    0.21 (0.3-0.6) cm (not statistically different, P = .106). The mean head-to-tail ratios on the affected and contralateral sides were 2.28    0.49 (1.29-3.00) and 1.41    0.22 (1.00-1.75; significantly different, P < .001). In all types 1A and 1B, the ratio was higher than 2.00; in 22 of 23 unaffected epididymides, the ratio was lower than 2.00. CONCLUSIONS: Focal swelling of epididymal heads was a characteristic sonographic finding of @entity3 , and a head-to-tail ratio higher than 2.00 can be a useful diagnostic finding.

title: Distribution of Epididymal Involvement in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to document the frequency of optimal femoral artery access location and its correlation with @entity1 in contemporary practice. BACKGROUND: Vascular access bleeding during coronary interventions is associated with adverse outcomes. A potential strategy for reducing access-site bleeding is to achieve optimal location for the femoral access. However, there is a paucity of data on how well this goal is achieved in clinical practice using anatomical landmarks. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated femoral angiograms of 300 @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to identify the location of the access that had been performed using anatomical landmarks. @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the location of the arterial access: above the femoral bifurcation but below the inferior border of the inferior epigastric artery (optimal location) and those that were either above or below these landmarks (suboptimal location). Frequency of access site complications was recorded. RESULTS: The femoral artery access site was located outside the optimal location in 38 (13.0%) @entity0 . There was no significant difference regards to baseline characteristics. Overall, access-related complications occurred in 17 (5.7%) @entity0 . @entity1 were significantly more frequent in @entity0 who had a femoral artery access outside the optimal location (18% vs. 4%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The femoral artery access site is not at the optimal location in a significant proportion of @entity0 , and this is associated with an increased risk of @entity1 . Improving the rates of optimal arterial access by routine use of fluoroscopy or ultrasound guidance has the potential of reducing @entity1 and improving outcomes.

title: Location of femoral artery access and correlation with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The ABSORB cohort A trial using the bioresorbable @entity2 -eluting scaffold (BVS revision 1.0, Abbott Vascular) demonstrated a slightly higher acute recoil with BVS than with metallic stents. To reinforce the mechanical strength of the scaffold, the new BVS scaffold (revision 1.1) with modified strut design was developed and tested in the ABSORB cohort B trial. This study sought to evaluate and compare the in vivo acute scaffold recoil of the BVS revision 1.0 in ABSORB cohort A and the BVS revision 1.1 in ABSORB cohort B with the historical recoil of the XIENCE V   @entity2 -eluting metal stent (EES, SPIRIT I and II). METHODS: In the ABSORB cohort B trial, 101 @entity0 with one or two de-novo lesions were enrolled at 10 sites. In ABSORB cohort A, 27 @entity0 treated with a BVS 1.0 were analyzed and compared with EES. Acute absolute recoil, assessed by quantitative coronary angiography, was defined as the difference between mean diameter of the last inflated balloon at the highest pressure (X) and mean lumen diameter of the stent immediately after the last @entity1 (Y). Acute percent recoil was defined as (X - Y)/X and expressed as a percentage. RESULTS: Out of 101 @entity0 enrolled in the ABSORB cohort B trial, 88 @entity0 are available for complete analysis of acute recoil. Absolute recoil of BVS 1.1 (0.19    0.18 mm) was numerically higher than metallic EES (vs. 0.13    0.21 mm) and similar to BVS 1.0 (0.20    0.21 mm) but the differences did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.40). The acute percent recoil demonstrated the same trend (EES: 4.3%    7.1%, BVS 1.0: 6.9%    7.0%, BVS 1.1: 6.7%    6.4%, P = 0.22). In the multivariate regression model, high balloon/artery ratio (>1.1) (OR 1.91 [1.34-2.71]) was the predictive for high absolute recoil (>0.27 mm) while (larger) preprocedural @entity3 was protective (OR 0.84 [0.72-0.99]). The stent/scaffold type was not a predictor of acute recoil. CONCLUSIONS: The average in vivo acute scaffold recoil of the BVS 1.1 is slightly higher than the metallic EES. However, the scaffold/stent type was not predictive of high acute recoil, while implantation in undersized vessels or usage of oversized devices might confound the results.

title: Comparison of in vivo acute stent recoil between the bioresorbable XXXX -eluting coronary scaffolds (revision 1.0 and 1.1) and the metallic @entity2 -eluting stent.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The ABSORB cohort A trial using the bioresorbable @entity2 -eluting scaffold (BVS revision 1.0, Abbott Vascular) demonstrated a slightly higher acute recoil with BVS than with metallic stents. To reinforce the mechanical strength of the scaffold, the new BVS scaffold (revision 1.1) with modified strut design was developed and tested in the ABSORB cohort B trial. This study sought to evaluate and compare the in vivo acute scaffold recoil of the BVS revision 1.0 in ABSORB cohort A and the BVS revision 1.1 in ABSORB cohort B with the historical recoil of the XIENCE V   @entity2 -eluting metal stent (EES, SPIRIT I and II). METHODS: In the ABSORB cohort B trial, 101 @entity0 with one or two de-novo lesions were enrolled at 10 sites. In ABSORB cohort A, 27 @entity0 treated with a BVS 1.0 were analyzed and compared with EES. Acute absolute recoil, assessed by quantitative coronary angiography, was defined as the difference between mean diameter of the last inflated balloon at the highest pressure (X) and mean lumen diameter of the stent immediately after the last @entity1 (Y). Acute percent recoil was defined as (X - Y)/X and expressed as a percentage. RESULTS: Out of 101 @entity0 enrolled in the ABSORB cohort B trial, 88 @entity0 are available for complete analysis of acute recoil. Absolute recoil of BVS 1.1 (0.19    0.18 mm) was numerically higher than metallic EES (vs. 0.13    0.21 mm) and similar to BVS 1.0 (0.20    0.21 mm) but the differences did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.40). The acute percent recoil demonstrated the same trend (EES: 4.3%    7.1%, BVS 1.0: 6.9%    7.0%, BVS 1.1: 6.7%    6.4%, P = 0.22). In the multivariate regression model, high balloon/artery ratio (>1.1) (OR 1.91 [1.34-2.71]) was the predictive for high absolute recoil (>0.27 mm) while (larger) preprocedural @entity3 was protective (OR 0.84 [0.72-0.99]). The stent/scaffold type was not a predictor of acute recoil. CONCLUSIONS: The average in vivo acute scaffold recoil of the BVS 1.1 is slightly higher than the metallic EES. However, the scaffold/stent type was not predictive of high acute recoil, while implantation in undersized vessels or usage of oversized devices might confound the results.

title: Comparison of in vivo acute stent recoil between the bioresorbable @entity2 -eluting coronary scaffolds (revision 1.0 and 1.1) and the metallic XXXX -eluting stent.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small @entity2 are usually asymptomatic and managed safely in ultrasound surveillance programmes until they grow to a diameter threshold where intervention is considered. The aim of this study was to synthesize systematically the published data on growth rates for small @entity1 to investigate the evidence basis for surveillance intervals. METHODS: This was a systematic review of the literature published before January 2010, which identified 61 potentially eligible reports. Detailed review yielded 15 studies providing growth rates for @entity1 3  0-5  5 cm in diameter (14 in millimetres per year, 1 as percentage change per year). These studies included 7630 @entity0 (predominantly @entity0 ) enrolled during 1976-2005. RESULTS: The pooled mean growth rate was 2  32 (95 per cent confidence interval 1  95 to 2  70) mm/year but there was very high heterogeneity between studies; the growth rate ranged from - 0  33 to + 3  95 mm/year. Six studies reported growth rates by 5-mm diameter bands, which showed the trend for growth rate to increase with @entity1 diameter. Simple methods to determine growth rate were associated with higher estimates. Meta-regression analysis showed that a 10-mm increase in @entity1 diameter was associated with a mean(s.e.m.) 1  62(0  20) mm/year increase in growth rate. Neither mean age nor percentage of @entity0 in each study had a significant effect. On average, a 3  5-cm @entity1 would take 6  2 years to reach 5  5 cm, whereas a 4  5-cm @entity1 would take only 2  3 years. CONCLUSION: There was considerable variation in the reported growth rates of small @entity1 beyond that explained by @entity1 diameter. Fuller evidence on which to base surveillance intervals for @entity0 in screening programmes requires a meta-analysis based on individual @entity0 data.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of growth rates of small XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 evolution was studied in an experimental model in the cat correlating the computed tomographic scan appearance with intracranial pressure, @entity6 and histopathological findings. @entity2 was produced by direct inoculation of @entity4 into the white matter. Abscesses developed in all animals. The ring enhancement around the @entity1 focus seen at an early stage after contrast-medium injection cannot be equated with capsule formation as long as the abscess diameter increased. Parallel to the acute stage of abscess, the intraventricular pressure increased due to the rising mass effect and the spreading edma. The morphological investigations revealed on the seventh day an extreme enlargement of extracellular spaces with immense amount of @entity0 fluid, rich in protein and fibrin. Some blood vessels in the close vicinity of the abscess showed gaps within the endothelial cell layer. When encapsulation developed, ring enhancement became more homogeneous and decreased in diameter. In spite of encapsulation, a circumscribed disturbance of the blood-brain barrier persisted which was responsible for a belated resolution of @entity0 and a slow decrease of intracranial pressure. Only therapy with @entity3 could effect a marked change in the course of the disease.

title: Evolution of brain abscess in cats formation of capsule and resolution of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The use of nasal stents as a postoperative adjunct following repair of @entity4 remains controversial. The study objective was to systematically review the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of stenting following transnasal endoscopic repair of bilateral @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Inclusion criteria included articles written in the English language with five or more subjects and clear intervention data and outcomes. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, appraised the level of evidence, extracted data, and resolved discrepancies by consensus. Successful surgery was defined as the absence of restenosis. RESULTS: Of 154 identified studies, 15 met inclusion criteria. Levels of evidence varied from level 3 to 4. Mean age at surgery ranged from 5 days to 25 months. Thirteen studies (n   =   167 @entity0 ) included @entity0 who were stented; the weighted pooled proportion of successful surgery was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49-76%). Mean duration of stenting ranged from 48 hours to 16 weeks. Six studies (n   =   42) evaluated @entity0 who were not stented; the weighted pooled proportion of successful surgery was 64% (95% CI, 42-84%). Complications associated with stenting included @entity1 , @entity2 , columellar tear, and stent dislodgement or blockage. CONCLUSIONS: Success rates for bilateral @entity4 repair were similar with and without the use of nasal stents. The use of nasal stents may be associated with more complications. There is insufficient data to determine if @entity3 is a useful therapeutic adjunct. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: To stent or not to stent? A meta-analysis of endonasal congenital bilateral XXXX repair.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sometimes, cytological @entity1 diagnosis is challenging because equivocal diagnoses are common. To enhance diagnostic accuracy, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), DNA-image cytometry, and quantitative promoter hypermethylation analysis have been proposed as adjuncts. METHODS: Bronchial washings and/or brushings or transbronchial fine-needle aspiration biopsies were prospectively collected from @entity0 who were clinically suspected of having @entity1 . After routine cytological diagnosis, 70 consecutive specimens, each cytologically diagnosed as negative, equivocal, or positive for @entity2 cells, were investigated with adjuvant methods. Suspicious areas on the smears were restained with the LAVysion multicolor FISH probe set (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, Illinois) or according to the Feulgen Staining Method for DNA-image cytometry analysis. DNA was extracted from residual liquid material, and frequencies of aberrant methylation of APC, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) , and @entity5 gene promoters were determined with quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (QMSP) after @entity4 conversion. Clinical and histological follow-up according to a reference standard, defined in advance, were available for 198 of 210 @entity0 . RESULTS: In the whole cohort, cytology, FISH, DNA-image cytometry, and QMSP achieved sensitivities of 83.7%, 78%, 79%, and 49.6%, respectively (specificities of 69.8%, 98.2%, 98.2%, and 98.4%, respectively). Subsequent to cytologically equivocal diagnoses, FISH, DNA-image cytometry, and QMSP definitely identified @entity2 in 79%, 83%, and 49%, respectively. With QMSP, 4 of 22 @entity2 @entity0 with cytologically negative diagnoses were correctly identified. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, adjuvant FISH or DNA-image cytometry in cytologically equivocal diagnoses improves diagnostic accuracy at comparable rates. Adjuvant QMSP in cytologically negative cases with persistent suspicion of @entity1 would enhance sensitivity.

title: Equivocal cytology in XXXX diagnosis: improvement of diagnostic accuracy using adjuvant multicolor FISH, DNA-image cytometry, and quantitative promoter hypermethylation analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To compare the characteristics of early hand involvement in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) using two matched populations, from the UK and China. METHODS: A cohort comparison study was conducted. Sixty Chinese @entity0 recruited from Shanghai, China were matched on gender and age with 60 @entity0 from a prospective early @entity2 cohort from the UK (SARAH trial). The procedures of data collection in China followed the standard operating procedures employed in the SARAH trial. Outcome measures including Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), medication history and physical assessments were used to assess functional ability and hand impairment. RESULTS: UK @entity0 reported significantly more @entity1 (P  =  0.015), less satisfaction with dominant hand performance (P    =  0.040), more swollen and tender joints (P  =  0.016 and P  =  0.001) and greater dexterity of both dominant and non-dominant hands (P  <  0.001 and P  <  0.001), while Chinese @entity0 had higher disease activity indicated by erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, more rheumatoid factor, less satisfaction in both dominant and non-dominant hand appearances (P  <  0.001 and P  <  0.001, respectively) and greater @entity3 (P    =  0.003). No statistically significant differences were seen in range of movement and overall hand function as reported by the MHQ. CONCLUSION: The severity of @entity2 is not milder in China than in the UK and the characteristics of hand involvement tend to be different. Clinicians should consider country-specific differences in managing @entity1 and delivering treatment. It would be helpful for a future study to investigate the @entity2 impact characteristics on a wider range of @entity0 both from within China and from other populations.

title: Characteristics of hand involvement in a comparative study of two early XXXX cohorts from the UK and China.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of corticosteroid in @entity0 of @entity1 media (CSOM) is unknown. In the present study, the efficacy and safety of @entity5 alone (OA) and the @entity5 + @entity3 combination (ODC) is compared by studying clinical cure rates and adverse drug reactions in @entity0 with CSOM. After prior permission from the Institutional Review Board and written informed consent from @entity0 , pre-treatment clinical assessment and bacteriology of the middle ear discharge were done. The middle ear was categorised into active, mucoid or inactive according to the type of discharge. Grades of otorrhoea and size of tympanic membrane perforation were noted. CSOM with organisms sensitive to @entity5 were treated either with OA or ODC eardrops for a period of 15 days. Post-treatment clinical cure (when grade of otorrhoea become 0) was recorded on the 5(th), 10(th) and 15(th) days and bacteriological assessment was recorded at the last visit. All parameters were analysed using Fisher's exact test. A total 110 @entity0 were randomised. The most common microorganism associated with CSOM was @entity4 (45.45 %). Clinical improvement was seen in 84.61% and 86.79% of cases, but bacteriological improvement in only 82.69% and 77.35% of cases treated with OA and ODC, respectively. Shift of middle ear discharge from active to inactive was noted in 71.15% and 64.15% @entity0 by the 10th day in the OA and ODC groups, respectively. As there was no difference in clinical or bacteriological improvement, it may be unnecessary to combine @entity2 with topical antibiotic preparations for management of CSOM.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity5 and its combination with XXXX in @entity1 media. A randomised, double blind, parallel group, comparative study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of corticosteroid in @entity0 of @entity1 media (CSOM) is unknown. In the present study, the efficacy and safety of @entity5 alone (OA) and the @entity5 + @entity3 combination (ODC) is compared by studying clinical cure rates and adverse drug reactions in @entity0 with CSOM. After prior permission from the Institutional Review Board and written informed consent from @entity0 , pre-treatment clinical assessment and bacteriology of the middle ear discharge were done. The middle ear was categorised into active, mucoid or inactive according to the type of discharge. Grades of otorrhoea and size of tympanic membrane perforation were noted. CSOM with organisms sensitive to @entity5 were treated either with OA or ODC eardrops for a period of 15 days. Post-treatment clinical cure (when grade of otorrhoea become 0) was recorded on the 5(th), 10(th) and 15(th) days and bacteriological assessment was recorded at the last visit. All parameters were analysed using Fisher's exact test. A total 110 @entity0 were randomised. The most common microorganism associated with CSOM was @entity4 (45.45 %). Clinical improvement was seen in 84.61% and 86.79% of cases, but bacteriological improvement in only 82.69% and 77.35% of cases treated with OA and ODC, respectively. Shift of middle ear discharge from active to inactive was noted in 71.15% and 64.15% @entity0 by the 10th day in the OA and ODC groups, respectively. As there was no difference in clinical or bacteriological improvement, it may be unnecessary to combine @entity2 with topical antibiotic preparations for management of CSOM.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity5 and its combination with @entity3 in XXXX media. A randomised, double blind, parallel group, comparative study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of corticosteroid in @entity0 of @entity1 media (CSOM) is unknown. In the present study, the efficacy and safety of @entity5 alone (OA) and the @entity5 + @entity3 combination (ODC) is compared by studying clinical cure rates and adverse drug reactions in @entity0 with CSOM. After prior permission from the Institutional Review Board and written informed consent from @entity0 , pre-treatment clinical assessment and bacteriology of the middle ear discharge were done. The middle ear was categorised into active, mucoid or inactive according to the type of discharge. Grades of otorrhoea and size of tympanic membrane perforation were noted. CSOM with organisms sensitive to @entity5 were treated either with OA or ODC eardrops for a period of 15 days. Post-treatment clinical cure (when grade of otorrhoea become 0) was recorded on the 5(th), 10(th) and 15(th) days and bacteriological assessment was recorded at the last visit. All parameters were analysed using Fisher's exact test. A total 110 @entity0 were randomised. The most common microorganism associated with CSOM was @entity4 (45.45 %). Clinical improvement was seen in 84.61% and 86.79% of cases, but bacteriological improvement in only 82.69% and 77.35% of cases treated with OA and ODC, respectively. Shift of middle ear discharge from active to inactive was noted in 71.15% and 64.15% @entity0 by the 10th day in the OA and ODC groups, respectively. As there was no difference in clinical or bacteriological improvement, it may be unnecessary to combine @entity2 with topical antibiotic preparations for management of CSOM.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX and its combination with @entity3 in @entity1 media. A randomised, double blind, parallel group, comparative study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 65 year old female, known @entity8 on @entity4 intermittently, with no other co-morbidity presented with @entity3 , @entity9 and cough with mucoid expectoration of ten days duration with bilateral crepts, went for @entity10 and was intubated followed by tracheostomy in view of prolonged ventilator support. In spite of high end antibiotics as per sputum culture sensitivity, weaning off the ventilator was not possible. Blood investigations revealed leucocytosis with neutrophilic predominance and IgE levels were within normal limits. CT chest showed multiple patchy consolidations of the right upper, middle and lower lobes with ground glass appearance and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Work up for retrovirus, @entity7 and Sputum for @entity13 mount was negative. No evidence of sputum and blood @entity11 . BAL sample grew Curvularia species. @entity12 150mg OD was added. Serial imaging of the chest showed resolution of the consolidation and was weaned off the ventilator and was comfortable on room air. @entity1 caused by Curvularia, in an immune competent @entity0 is very rare. Even in broncho @entity5 these fungi usually occur in @entity2 as in @entity15 than appearing as a solitary cause for @entity5 . But if diagnosed and treated early, will respond well to @entity14 . This case report highlights a unilateral @entity6 with dramatic clinical improvement post treatment once the rare causative organism was identified.

title: An unusual cause of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a hallmark of @entity1 cells that facilitates the acquisition of mutations conferring aggressive or drug-resistant phenotypes during @entity1 evolution. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a form of @entity6 that involves frequent cytogenetic changes leading to changes in chromosome copy number ( @entity5 ). While both @entity4 and @entity5 are common characteristics of @entity1 cells, their roles in @entity1 initiation and progression are unclear. On the one hand, @entity4 and @entity5 are known to provide genetic variation to allow cells to adapt in changing environments such as nutrient fluctuations and @entity3 . @entity0 with constitutive @entity5 are more susceptible to certain types of @entity1 , suggesting that changes in chromosome copy number could positively contribute to @entity1 evolution. On the other hand, chromosomal imbalances have been observed to have detrimental effects on cellular fitness and might trigger cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity2 models for @entity4 have led to conflicting results. Taken together these findings suggest that the relationship between @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity1 is more complex than what was previously anticipated. Here we review what is known about this complex m  nage    trois, discuss recent evidence suggesting that @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity6 together promote a vicious cycle of genome chaos. Lastly, we propose a working hypothesis to reconcile the conflicting observations regarding the role of @entity5 and @entity4 in tumorigenesis.

title: Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability in XXXX : a jackpot to chaos.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical ablation for locally advanced @entity0 results in large chest wall defects, which can then be managed with local flaps or skin grafts. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the outcomes of three types of local skin flaps. METHODS: Among 25 local flaps in 24 @entity1 , 6 were bilateral advancement (BA) flaps, 9 were thoracoabdominal (TA) flaps, and 10 were thoracoepigastric (TE) flaps. Clinical outcomes were compared including complications, the need for a secondary surgical intervention, and the timing of adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: The mean defect size was 436.2 cm(2). Two @entity1 with TA flaps and 6 @entity1 with TE flaps developed @entity2 , and skin grafts were needed to treat 2 @entity1 with TE flaps. Radiation was administered to the BA, TA, and TE @entity1 after average postoperative durations of 28, 30, or 41 days, respectively. The incidence of flap @entity2 tended to be higher in TE @entity1 , which lead to significant delays in adjuvant radiation therapy (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Three types of local skin flaps can be used to treat large chest wall defects after the excision of locally advanced @entity0 . Each flap has its own merits and demerits, and selecting flaps should be based on strict indications based on the dimensions and locations of the defects.

title: Using local flaps in a chest wall reconstruction after mastectomy for locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the mean values of lipid profile in psoriatic @entity0 and healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN: Case control study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Dermatology, PNS Shifa, Karachi, from November 2012 to April 2013. METHODOLOGY: @entity0 with @entity4 fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from Dermatology Outpatient Department (OPD) of PNS Shifa, Karachi. After fasting for 14 hours, 5 ml of venous blood was drawn in sterile syringe and submitted to the Hospital Laboratory for lipid profile, by enzymatic method on Hitachi (Roshe(  )) using reagents by the same firm. The mean values lipid profile in psoriatic @entity0 versus healthy controls were recorded and compared. RESULTS: Atotal of 256 @entity0 (128 in each group) were enrolled. Mean lipid profile in both groups revealed @entity2 (mg/dl) value of 203.43   1 1.43 in cases and 173.64    13.65 in controls. @entity3 (mg/dl) was 178.87    43.60 and in cases 144.23    34.01 in controls, HDL-C (mg/dl) was 37.81    10.78 in cases and 41.41    9.72 in controls while LDL-C (mg/dl) was 139.52    13.71 in cases and 109.44    13.80 in controls. Each parameters had p-value < 0.05 which was significant. CONCLUSION: @entity5 was found in a high percentage of psoriatic @entity0 than healthy controls. Psoriatic @entity0 require thorough lipid and cardiovascular examinations as they should be considered as individuals with increased risk of @entity1 .

title: XXXX and Psoriasis: A Case Control Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: An open label, national, multicenter, observational study had been conducted to evaluate of psychological general well-being in adults with therapy resistant @entity2 taking @entity4 in Hungary. The possibility was examined to differentiate the improvement of the psychic well-being caused by the better status of the @entity3 disorder or caused by the psychopharmacological effect of the @entity4 (in the next: OXC). METHODS: 528 @entity0 were asked to fill the Hungarian validated version of Psychological General Well-Being Schedule (PGWB), English version created by Harold J. Dupuy in 1984, at the baseline visit and after 12- week long duration OXC therapy regim. Finally the data of 332 @entity0 could be evaluated per protocol, biostatistical analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Based on data of 332 @entity0 (per protocol population) the OXC treatment significantly (p < 0.0001) improved all items of PGWB in clinically well-controlled (responder) @entity2 @entity0 and improved affective markers of @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity2 also. In case of @entity0 suffering from uncontrolled @entity2 the increase of psychical wellbeing items score influenced by biological effects were higher than those influenced by external effects. CONCLUSIONS: It can be stated that the adopted PGWB test battery is reliable quantitative method to examine the psychological well-being of @entity0 suffering from @entity2 . It was observed that OXC has significant psychopharmalogical effect besides the well-known anticonvulsive property among large Hungarian population of partial @entity2 patiens. In case of OXC therapy the positive psychic effect of the successful anticonvulsive treatment and the stabilization property on the affectivity of @entity2 @entity0 significantly separates. The OXC has no indication for the treatment of @entity1 conditions.

title: [Multicenter observational study of the effect of @entity4 on the general well-being of adults with XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: An open label, national, multicenter, observational study had been conducted to evaluate of psychological general well-being in adults with therapy resistant @entity2 taking @entity4 in Hungary. The possibility was examined to differentiate the improvement of the psychic well-being caused by the better status of the @entity3 disorder or caused by the psychopharmacological effect of the @entity4 (in the next: OXC). METHODS: 528 @entity0 were asked to fill the Hungarian validated version of Psychological General Well-Being Schedule (PGWB), English version created by Harold J. Dupuy in 1984, at the baseline visit and after 12- week long duration OXC therapy regim. Finally the data of 332 @entity0 could be evaluated per protocol, biostatistical analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Based on data of 332 @entity0 (per protocol population) the OXC treatment significantly (p < 0.0001) improved all items of PGWB in clinically well-controlled (responder) @entity2 @entity0 and improved affective markers of @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity2 also. In case of @entity0 suffering from uncontrolled @entity2 the increase of psychical wellbeing items score influenced by biological effects were higher than those influenced by external effects. CONCLUSIONS: It can be stated that the adopted PGWB test battery is reliable quantitative method to examine the psychological well-being of @entity0 suffering from @entity2 . It was observed that OXC has significant psychopharmalogical effect besides the well-known anticonvulsive property among large Hungarian population of partial @entity2 patiens. In case of OXC therapy the positive psychic effect of the successful anticonvulsive treatment and the stabilization property on the affectivity of @entity2 @entity0 significantly separates. The OXC has no indication for the treatment of @entity1 conditions.

title: [Multicenter observational study of the effect of XXXX on the general well-being of adults with @entity2 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 , a linear peptide of 40 @entity4 , produced @entity2 when administered intravenously to anesthetized @entity0 . Diastolic pressure was always more affected than systolic pressure. Aortic blood flow and venous return both increased to the same extent. The mechanism of the @entity2 response was mainly, if not exclusively, due to dilatation of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Intravenous infusion of @entity6 in doses ranging from 3 to 10 ng . kg-1 . min-1 produced a dose-related increase of mesenteric blood flow up to 400% control values. @entity1 and colon was increased, while blood flow in muscle was unaffected or slight decreased. The mesenteric vasodilator response was not prevented by adrenergic or muscarinic receptor blockade. The @entity2 response was more marked and sustained in @entity5 - @entity3 treated @entity0 .

title: Action of XXXX on the mesenteric vascular bed of the @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 , a linear peptide of 40 @entity4 , produced @entity2 when administered intravenously to anesthetized @entity0 . Diastolic pressure was always more affected than systolic pressure. Aortic blood flow and venous return both increased to the same extent. The mechanism of the @entity2 response was mainly, if not exclusively, due to dilatation of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Intravenous infusion of @entity6 in doses ranging from 3 to 10 ng . kg-1 . min-1 produced a dose-related increase of mesenteric blood flow up to 400% control values. @entity1 and colon was increased, while blood flow in muscle was unaffected or slight decreased. The mesenteric vasodilator response was not prevented by adrenergic or muscarinic receptor blockade. The @entity2 response was more marked and sustained in @entity5 - @entity3 treated @entity0 .

title: Action of @entity6 on the mesenteric vascular bed of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Background Various pathophysiological mechanisms such as microvascular and @entity5 , small vessel disease, @entity7 , and @entity1 have been held responsible in the etiology of coronary slow flow. It is also thought to be a reflection of a @entity13 in the coronary arterial tree. Case Report A 44-year-old @entity0 presented with @entity6 causing @entity9 , together with blurred vision for the last 2 years, which disappeared after resting. He had used @entity4 therapy for @entity10 1 month ago. Coronary slow flow was detected in @entity12 major coronary arteries on coronary angiography. TIMI measurements for the left anterior descending artery, circumflex, and right coronary artery were 64, 72, and 55, respectively. In fundus @entity8 angiography, retinal vascularity was normal, the arm-to-retina circulation time was 21.8 s, and the arteriovenous transit time was 4.3 s. In the early arteriovenous phase, choroidal filling was long, with physiological patchy type. @entity11 90 mg/day and @entity2 100 mg/day were given. His @entity6 and @entity3 disappeared after medical treatment. Conclusions Physicians should be aware that glucocorticoids might cause an increase in the symptoms of coronary slow flow and some circulation problems, which might lead to systematic symptoms.

title: Coronary slow flow accompanying XXXX and effects of corticosteroids.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cranial ultrasound is an essential screening and diagnostic tool in the care of neonates and is especially useful in the premature population for evaluation of potential germinal matrix/ @entity4 (GM/IVH). There are typically two screening examinations, with the initial cranial sonography performed between 3 days and 14 days after birth, usually consisting of a series of static images plus several cinegraphic sweeps. OBJECTIVE: Our primary goal was to assess whether cinegraphic sweeps alone are as accurate for diagnosing @entity1 as combined static and cinegraphic imaging in the initial cranial US evaluation of premature @entity0 . Our secondary goal was to establish the difference in time required to perform these two examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively obtained 140 consecutive initial cranial US screening studies of premature @entity0 . Three pediatric radiologists blinded to @entity0 data read cinegraphic images alone and also combined (dual) imaging sets for a subset of subjects, recording findings for seven disease processes: germinal matrix/ @entity4 (GM/IVH), right or left side; @entity6 ( @entity6 ); choroid plexus cyst; @entity3 or @entity4 ; posterior fossa @entity4 or @entity5 , and extra-axial @entity4 . Separately, we compared retrospective dual imaging acquisition time against prospectively collected cinegraphic imaging time for premature @entity0 undergoing initial cranial US evaluation. RESULTS: Equivalence testing demonstrated no difference in equivalency between initial cranial US screening using cinegraphic evaluation alone and dual imaging for GM/IVH, cerebral and cerebellar @entity3 , and @entity2 (all P   <   0.05). For @entity6 and choroid plexus cyst, cinegraphic imaging and dual imaging did not demonstrate equivalence (P   >   0.05). Cinegraphic images were obtained in less than one-third of the time required for dual imaging. CONCLUSION: For the diagnoses that are critical to establish at initial screening (GM/IVH, cerebral and cerebellar @entity3 ) initial cranial US screening using cinegraphic sweeps was equivalent to dual imaging. Cinegraphic imaging required significantly less time to perform than dual imaging. We suggest that performance of cranial US screening using cinegraphic imaging alone is a potentially advantageous option in the initial evaluation of the premature neonate.

title: Cinegraphic versus Combined Static and Cinegraphic Imaging for Initial Cranial Ultrasound Screening in Premature XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe our medium-term outcomes for @entity7 stenting in adults with @entity2 . BACKGROUND: Improved outcomes in @entity2 have lead to the evolution of transcatheter therapies in adults aimed at maintaining normal hemodynamics. Stenting for pulmonary artery narrowing is effective in @entity0 , however little is known about outcomes in adults. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis and follow-up review of our complete experience with @entity7 stenting in adults. RESULTS: Over a 9-year period we carried out 15 procedures, implanting 23 stents (11-left pulmonary artery) in the pulmonary arteries of 12 adult @entity0 (7 female). Eleven @entity0 had previous cardiac surgery. Median age at implantation was 32.5 years (range, 18.7-56.7 years) with median weight of 71.3 kg (range, 44.5-95 kg). Six @entity0 underwent bilateral pulmonary artery stenting. Median procedure time was 140 minutes (range, 76-263 minutes) and 4 @entity0 had other interventions performed during the same procedure. Median systolic pressure gradient across the narrowing's of 24 mmHg (range, 11-61 mmHg) was reduced to 3 mmHg (range, 0-17 mmHg) postprocedure (P < 0.001). Three @entity0 had @entity5 , one of whom required surgical removal. No @entity4 formation or significant stent @entity1 have been noted on median follow-up of 27.4 months (range, 1-97 months). Two @entity0 required reintervention with further stent implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary artery stenting provides effective relief of narrowing in adults with @entity2 . Bilateral and/or multiple stenting are often required. @entity6 may occur particularly in @entity0 with associated significant @entity3 . (J Interven Cardiol 2011;24:373-377).

title: Medium-term outcomes for XXXX stenting in adults with @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe our medium-term outcomes for @entity7 stenting in adults with @entity2 . BACKGROUND: Improved outcomes in @entity2 have lead to the evolution of transcatheter therapies in adults aimed at maintaining normal hemodynamics. Stenting for pulmonary artery narrowing is effective in @entity0 , however little is known about outcomes in adults. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis and follow-up review of our complete experience with @entity7 stenting in adults. RESULTS: Over a 9-year period we carried out 15 procedures, implanting 23 stents (11-left pulmonary artery) in the pulmonary arteries of 12 adult @entity0 (7 female). Eleven @entity0 had previous cardiac surgery. Median age at implantation was 32.5 years (range, 18.7-56.7 years) with median weight of 71.3 kg (range, 44.5-95 kg). Six @entity0 underwent bilateral pulmonary artery stenting. Median procedure time was 140 minutes (range, 76-263 minutes) and 4 @entity0 had other interventions performed during the same procedure. Median systolic pressure gradient across the narrowing's of 24 mmHg (range, 11-61 mmHg) was reduced to 3 mmHg (range, 0-17 mmHg) postprocedure (P < 0.001). Three @entity0 had @entity5 , one of whom required surgical removal. No @entity4 formation or significant stent @entity1 have been noted on median follow-up of 27.4 months (range, 1-97 months). Two @entity0 required reintervention with further stent implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary artery stenting provides effective relief of narrowing in adults with @entity2 . Bilateral and/or multiple stenting are often required. @entity6 may occur particularly in @entity0 with associated significant @entity3 . (J Interven Cardiol 2011;24:373-377).

title: Medium-term outcomes for @entity7 stenting in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Alongside the two conventional unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic techniques, namely time-of-flight and phase-contrast MR angiography, several novel techniques have since been developed, including electrocardiograph (ECG)-gated fast spin echo (FSE), steady-state free precession (SSFP), and arterial spin labeling. These techniques are increasingly being used to avoid severe complications caused by contrast materials, such as iodinated contrast material-induced @entity1 and @entity5 -induced @entity6 systemic @entity2 . However, image acquisition and interpretation with these techniques are more complicated than with contrast-enhanced MR angiography because of numerous types of artifacts. Appropriate use of these techniques can allow diagnosis of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 without using contrast materials. For example, time-of-flight angiography is the main technique for evaluating intracranial arteries. Phase-contrast imaging is increasingly being used for physiologic evaluation rather than morphologic evaluation. Meanwhile, ECG-gated FSE MR angiography can show peripheral arteries in more detail. SSFP MR angiography with or without arterial spin labeling can provide high-resolution images of blood vessels including renal arteries, the aorta, and coronary arteries. Black-blood imaging is also used to evaluate vessel walls and @entity7 including plaque, dissection, and thrombi. The authors review the principles of the currently available unenhanced MR angiographic techniques, along with their advantages and limitations, and describe their clinical applications. This article should help readers select the most appropriate unenhanced MR angiographic technique to assess @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 . Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.312105075/-/DC1.

title: Unenhanced MR angiography: techniques and clinical applications in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Alongside the two conventional unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic techniques, namely time-of-flight and phase-contrast MR angiography, several novel techniques have since been developed, including electrocardiograph (ECG)-gated fast spin echo (FSE), steady-state free precession (SSFP), and arterial spin labeling. These techniques are increasingly being used to avoid severe complications caused by contrast materials, such as iodinated contrast material-induced @entity1 and @entity5 -induced @entity6 systemic @entity2 . However, image acquisition and interpretation with these techniques are more complicated than with contrast-enhanced MR angiography because of numerous types of artifacts. Appropriate use of these techniques can allow diagnosis of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 without using contrast materials. For example, time-of-flight angiography is the main technique for evaluating intracranial arteries. Phase-contrast imaging is increasingly being used for physiologic evaluation rather than morphologic evaluation. Meanwhile, ECG-gated FSE MR angiography can show peripheral arteries in more detail. SSFP MR angiography with or without arterial spin labeling can provide high-resolution images of blood vessels including renal arteries, the aorta, and coronary arteries. Black-blood imaging is also used to evaluate vessel walls and @entity7 including plaque, dissection, and thrombi. The authors review the principles of the currently available unenhanced MR angiographic techniques, along with their advantages and limitations, and describe their clinical applications. This article should help readers select the most appropriate unenhanced MR angiographic technique to assess @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 . Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.312105075/-/DC1.

title: Unenhanced MR angiography: techniques and clinical applications in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The delivery of acupuncture alongside mainstream interventions and the cost-effectiveness of "alternative" treatments remain areas of controversy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the cost-utility of adding acupuncture to a course of advice and exercise delivered by UK National Health Service (NHS) physical therapists to @entity0 with @entity1 of the knee. DESIGN: A cost-utility analysis was performed alongside a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: A total of 352 adults (aged 50 years or older) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 interventions. The primary analysis focused on @entity0 receiving advice and exercise (AE) or advice and exercise plus true acupuncture (AE+TA). A secondary analysis considered @entity0 receiving advice and exercise plus nonpenetrating acupuncture (AE+ @entity2 ). The main outcome measures were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), measured by the EQ-5D, and UK NHS costs. RESULTS: were expressed as the incremental cost per QALY gained over 12 months. Sensitivity analyses included a broader cost perspective to incorporate private out-of-pocket costs. Results NHS costs were higher for AE+TA (  314 [British pounds sterling]) than for AE alone (  229), and the difference in mean QALYs favored AE+TA (mean difference=0.022). The base-case cost per QALY gained was   3,889; this value was associated with a 77% probability that AE+TA would be more cost-effective than AE at a threshold of   20,000 per QALY. Cost-utility data for AE+NPA provided cost-effectiveness estimates similar to those for AE+TA. LIMITATIONS: As with all trial-based economic evaluations, caution should be exercised when generalizing results beyond the study perspectives. CONCLUSIONS: A package of AE+TA delivered by NHS physical therapists provided a cost-effective use of health care resources despite an associated increase in costs. However, the economic benefits could not be attributed to the penetrating nature of conventional acupuncture; therefore, further research regarding the mechanisms of acupuncture is needed. An analysis of alternative cost perspectives suggested that the results are generalizable to other health care settings.

title: Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture care as an adjunct to exercise-based physical therapy for XXXX of the knee.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of thiopental were investigated in 5 female @entity0 who received a bolus intravenous dose of the drug for induction of anesthesia for gynecologic surgery. Blood samples were collected for 3 to 4 days after the dose. Plasma protein binding determinations were also carried out by ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis on samples from a panel of healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations of thiopental were determined by reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography. The coefficient of variation of the method was 2.8 per cent (n equals 10). In healthy volunteers, the plasma protein binding of thiopental was concentration dependent. Percentage bound ranged from 96.7 (n equals 4, @entity1 equals 0.8) at 150 micrograms/ml. Therefore, saturation of binding sites on rapid administration of the drug may occur, exposing vital organs to unexpectedly high concentrations of free drug. Values of the fraction of thiopental bound in plasma obtained from the surgical @entity0 during the hour following drug administration were similar to values obtained in healthy volunteers at comparable concentrations. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters obtained for thiopental in the surgical @entity0 were as follows: initial distribution volume 13.81 ( @entity1 equals 9.4), apparent volume of distribution 233 1 ( @entity1 equals 98), volume of distribution at steady state 97.51 ( @entity1 equals 40), elimination half-life 11.5 h ( @entity1 equals 1.0) and systemic plasma clearance 0.150 l/min ( @entity1 equals 0.063). None of these parameters correlated with body weight. Values reported by other workers vary from ours and this variation may be explained by the much shorter duration of blood collection used in those studies.

title: Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. I: Studies in surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: During systematic laparotomies in @entity0 with @entity2 , the spleen is removed and multiple visceral biopsies (lymph nodes, liver, bone marrow) are done. In 58,8% of the cases, the spleen is normal. In 41,2% of the @entity0 , the spleen shows localizations of @entity2 . A tumoral spleen has sometimes a normal size (34,9% of the involved spleen). A huge spleen is not always involved by @entity1 (10% of the spleens without @entity1 ). When the spleen is tumoral, lymph node involvement is more frequent and more diffuse. Generally the liver is not involved when the spleen is not tumoral. Hepatic tumoral localizations are disclosed by biopsies in 16% of the @entity0 with @entity3 . Bone marrow localization is found in 5,7% of the cases with @entity3 . So exploratory laparotomy were precise pathological studies allow a better appreciation of the real extension of the lesions in @entity2 .

title: [Anatomo-pathologic study of biopsies taken in 250 exploratory laparotomies for XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Inflammation is pivotal in @entity5 . Monocyte-macrophages are crucial in @entity5 . Monocytes can develop into subsets: classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated cells. Several studies point to a proinflammatory role for @entity7 (CRP). Because there is a paucity of data on the effects of CRP on macrophage phenotype, we tested effects of CRP on macrophage polarization. METHODS AND RESULTS: Monocytes were incubated with CRP (0 to 50  g/mL) and differentiated into macrophages for 7 days. Phenotypic characterization of M1 and M2 macrophages was performed using flow cytometry. CRP treatment resulted in increased population of M1 macrophages ( @entity1 necrosis factor [TNF]/interleukin [IL]-12/C-C chemokine receptor 2, TNF/IL-12/ @entity8 , or TNF/ @entity6 /IL-12). These effects were not abrogated by polymixin B or small interfering RNA to @entity9 , but they were abrogated by boiled CRP. Administration of @entity0 CRP to @entity2 in vivo increased polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype compared with human serum albumin. When macrophages were primed to the M2 phenotype with @entity10 , addition of CRP resulted in significantly increased secretion of @entity4 , @entity8 , and @entity6 and conversion of macrophages from the M2 to the M1 phenotype. CRP failed to prime macrophages to the M1 phenotype in presence of @entity3 / @entity11 small interfering RNA or dominant-negative nuclear factor kappa B. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results further support a role for CRP in promoting differentiation of @entity0 monocytes toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype.

title: XXXX polarizes @entity0 macrophages to an M1 phenotype and inhibits transformation to the M2 phenotype.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Inflammation is pivotal in @entity5 . Monocyte-macrophages are crucial in @entity5 . Monocytes can develop into subsets: classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated cells. Several studies point to a proinflammatory role for @entity7 (CRP). Because there is a paucity of data on the effects of CRP on macrophage phenotype, we tested effects of CRP on macrophage polarization. METHODS AND RESULTS: Monocytes were incubated with CRP (0 to 50  g/mL) and differentiated into macrophages for 7 days. Phenotypic characterization of M1 and M2 macrophages was performed using flow cytometry. CRP treatment resulted in increased population of M1 macrophages ( @entity1 necrosis factor [TNF]/interleukin [IL]-12/C-C chemokine receptor 2, TNF/IL-12/ @entity8 , or TNF/ @entity6 /IL-12). These effects were not abrogated by polymixin B or small interfering RNA to @entity9 , but they were abrogated by boiled CRP. Administration of @entity0 CRP to @entity2 in vivo increased polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype compared with human serum albumin. When macrophages were primed to the M2 phenotype with @entity10 , addition of CRP resulted in significantly increased secretion of @entity4 , @entity8 , and @entity6 and conversion of macrophages from the M2 to the M1 phenotype. CRP failed to prime macrophages to the M1 phenotype in presence of @entity3 / @entity11 small interfering RNA or dominant-negative nuclear factor kappa B. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results further support a role for CRP in promoting differentiation of @entity0 monocytes toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype.

title: @entity7 polarizes XXXX macrophages to an M1 phenotype and inhibits transformation to the M2 phenotype.

answer: @entity0