abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of yoga therapy as a complementary treatment for @entity2 such as @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). DATA SOURCES: Eligible trials were identified by a literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Control Trials Register, Google Scholar, and EBSCO on the basis of criteria of acceptable quality and relevance. The search was performed using the following terms: yoga for @entity4 , yoga for @entity5 , yoga for @entity3 , yoga for @entity6 , yoga therapy, yoga for @entity2 , complementary treatment, and efficacy of yoga therapy. Trials both unpublished and published with no limitation placed on year of publication were included; however, the oldest article included in the final meta-analysis was published in 2000. STUDY SELECTION: All available randomized, controlled trials of yoga for the treatment of @entity8 were reviewed, and 10 studies were eligible for inclusion. As very few randomized, controlled studies have examined yoga for @entity8 , this meta-analysis includes studies with @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity8 , as well as studies with @entity0 who were not diagnosed with @entity8 but reported symptoms of @entity8 . Trials were excluded due to the following: (1) insufficient information, (2) inadequate statistical analysis, (3) yoga was not the central component of the intervention, (4) subjects were not diagnosed with or did not report experiencing symptoms of one of the @entity2 of interest (ie, @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity6 ), (5) study was not reported in English, and (6) study did not include a control group. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted on @entity0 diagnosis, inclusion criteria, treatment and control groups, duration of intervention, and results (pre-post mean and standard deviations, t values, and f values). Number, age, and sex ratio of @entity0 were also obtained when available. DATA SYNTHESIS: The combined analysis of all 10 studies provided a pooled effect size of -3.25 (95% CI, -5.36 to -1.14; P = .002), indicating that yoga-based interventions have a statistically significant effect as an adjunct treatment for major @entity2 . Findings in support of alternative and complementary interventions may especially be an aid in the treatment of disorders for which current treatments are found to be inadequate or to carry severe liabilities. CONCLUSIONS: As current psychopharmacologic interventions for severe @entity8 are associated with increased risk of @entity7 as well as other metabolic side effects that increase @entity0 ' risk for @entity1 , yoga may be an effective, far less toxic adjunct treatment option for severe @entity8 .

title: Effectiveness of yoga therapy as a complementary treatment for major XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Independent review boards can provide an objective appraisal of investigators' decisions and may be useful for determining complex primary outcomes, such as @entity1 relapse, in crossnational studies. This article describes the use of an independent, blinded relapse monitoring board to assess the primary outcome (relapse) in an international clinical trial of @entity2 long-acting therapy adjunctive to standard-care pharmacotherapy for @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: The fully autonomous relapse monitoring board was composed of a chair and two additional members-all psychiatrists and experts in the diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic management of @entity1 . The relapse monitoring board met six times during the study to review @entity0 relapse data and was charged with the responsibility of determining if the events described by investigators qualified as relapses. Additionally, the relapse monitoring board reviewed data for all randomized @entity0 to identify any relapse events not recognized by investigators. RESULTS: Primary efficacy results were similar and significant for investigator- and relapse monitoring board-determined relapses. Ten discrepancies were noted: two of the 42 investigator-determined relapses did not meet the intended clinical relapse threshold as determined by the relapse monitoring board; conversely, the relapse monitoring board confirmed eight relapse events not identified by investigators. The relapse monitoring board had no direct interactions with @entity0 and had to rely on the accuracy of investigator assessments. Also, once an investigator determined a relapse and the @entity0 discontinued the study, less information was available to the relapse monitoring board for relapse assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the relapse monitoring board supported the validity of the study by incorporating a level of standardization to mitigate the risk that local practice in different cultures and medical systems at the sites would confound study results.

title: Use of a relapse monitoring board: an independent assessment for determining relapse in clinical trials for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6 influences metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a risk factor for @entity2 ( @entity5 : @entity4 and @entity1 ). OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in the @entity6 genetic variants @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity11 , @entity12 , and @entity7 influence levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins and risk of @entity5 . DESIGN: For the cross-sectional study, we genotyped 9003 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study; hereof were 8971 individuals included in the prospective study, 1747 of whom had incident @entity5 during 28 yr of follow-up. For the case-control studies, 2110 @entity4 @entity0 vs. 4899 controls and 769 @entity1 @entity0 vs. 2836 controls, respectively, were genotyped. Follow-up was 100% complete. RESULTS: HDL @entity3 was higher by 0.21 mmol/liter in @entity10 heterozygotes, by 0.06 mmol/liter in -480c>t heterozygotes, and by 0.13 mmol/liter in -480c>t homozygotes, as compared with noncarriers. These HDL increases theoretically predicted hazard ratios for @entity5 of 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.90], 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.89-0.94), respectively; this calculation assumes that genetically elevated HDL levels confer decreased risk similar to common HDL elevations. In contrast, when all cases and controls were combined, the observed odds ratios for @entity5 for these three genetic variants vs. noncarriers were 1.19 (0.76-1.88), 1.04 (0.96-1.13), and 1.08 (0.89-1.30), respectively. Hazard/odds ratios for @entity5 in carriers vs. noncarriers of the four remaining @entity6 genetic variants did not differ consistently from 1.0. CONCLUSION: @entity6 genetic variants with elevated levels of HDL @entity3 did not associate with risk of @entity5 .

title: @entity6 , genetically elevated high-density lipoprotein, and risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6 influences metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a risk factor for @entity2 ( @entity5 : @entity4 and @entity1 ). OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in the @entity6 genetic variants @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity11 , @entity12 , and @entity7 influence levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins and risk of @entity5 . DESIGN: For the cross-sectional study, we genotyped 9003 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study; hereof were 8971 individuals included in the prospective study, 1747 of whom had incident @entity5 during 28 yr of follow-up. For the case-control studies, 2110 @entity4 @entity0 vs. 4899 controls and 769 @entity1 @entity0 vs. 2836 controls, respectively, were genotyped. Follow-up was 100% complete. RESULTS: HDL @entity3 was higher by 0.21 mmol/liter in @entity10 heterozygotes, by 0.06 mmol/liter in -480c>t heterozygotes, and by 0.13 mmol/liter in -480c>t homozygotes, as compared with noncarriers. These HDL increases theoretically predicted hazard ratios for @entity5 of 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.90], 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.89-0.94), respectively; this calculation assumes that genetically elevated HDL levels confer decreased risk similar to common HDL elevations. In contrast, when all cases and controls were combined, the observed odds ratios for @entity5 for these three genetic variants vs. noncarriers were 1.19 (0.76-1.88), 1.04 (0.96-1.13), and 1.08 (0.89-1.30), respectively. Hazard/odds ratios for @entity5 in carriers vs. noncarriers of the four remaining @entity6 genetic variants did not differ consistently from 1.0. CONCLUSION: @entity6 genetic variants with elevated levels of HDL @entity3 did not associate with risk of @entity5 .

title: XXXX , genetically elevated high-density lipoprotein, and risk of @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acoustic and perceptual changes to speech in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have been widely studied. Little empirical evidence exists concerning the individual's own perception of changes, the impact these have on their life and coping strategies to deal with them. OBJECTIVE: To establish if, and how, changes in communication impact on the lives of @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: In-depth interviews with qualitative analysis of content. SETTING: Community. SUBJECTS: Twenty-three @entity0 and 14 @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 were purposively sampled to give a mix of @entity0 , @entity0 , family circumstances, stage and duration of @entity1 and severity of speech symptoms. Individuals were interviewed at home. Interviews were transcribed. Emergent themes were identified and fed back to @entity0 for confirmation and clarification. RESULTS: @entity0 identified changes to voice and articulation. Language changes featured prominently. Four impact themes: (i) interaction with others, (ii) problems with conversations, (iii) feelings about intelligibility and (iv) voice; and four corresponding coping themes (a) helping others understand, (b) managing conversations, (c) monitoring and adjusting and (d) physical strategies emerged. Of main concern was not the nature of speech-voice-language changes, but how these affected self-concept, participation inside and outside the family and family dynamics. Individuals employed a range of fluid coping strategies moving from background withdrawal to foreground striving strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Speech and language changes in @entity1 impact upon individual and family life long before frank impairment of intelligibility is apparent. The role of early referral to speech and language therapy is therefore worthy of detailed investigation.

title: Life with communication changes in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Changes of the water permeability aq  aporin (AQP) activity of leaf cells were investigated in response to different light regimes (low versus high). Using a cell pressure probe, hydraulic properties (half-time of water exchange, T(1/2) infinity 1/water permeability) of parenchyma cells in the midrib tissue of @entity4 ( @entity4 .) leaves have been measured. A new perfusion technique was applied to excised leaves to keep turgor constant and to modify the environment around cells by perfusing solutions using a pressure chamber. In response to low light (LL) of 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), T(1/2) decreased during the perfusion of a control solution of 0.5 mM @entity5 by a factor of two. This was in line with earlier results from leaf cells of intact @entity4 plants at a constant turgor. In contrast, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) at intensities of 800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and 1800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) increased the T(1/2) in two-thirds of cells by factors of 14 and 35, respectively. The effects of @entity6 on T(1/2) were similar to those caused by @entity1 treatment in the presence of @entity7 , which produced * @entity3 (Fenton reaction; reversible oxidative gating of aquaporins). Treatments with 20 mM @entity1 following @entity7 pre-treatments increased the T(1/2) by a factor of 30. Those increased T(1/2) values could be partly recovered, either when the perfusion solution was changed back to the control solution or when LL was applied. 3mM of the antioxidant @entity2 also reversed the effects of @entity6 . The data suggest that @entity6 could induce reactive @entity0 species (ROS) such as @entity3 , and they affected water relations. The results provide evidence that the varying light climate adjusts water flow at the cell level; that is, water flow is maximized at a certain light intensity and then reduced again by @entity6 . Light effects are discussed in terms of an oxidative gating of aquaporins by ROS.

title: Gating of aq  aporins by light and reactive XXXX species in leaf parenchyma cells of the midrib of @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Changes of the water permeability aq  aporin (AQP) activity of leaf cells were investigated in response to different light regimes (low versus high). Using a cell pressure probe, hydraulic properties (half-time of water exchange, T(1/2) infinity 1/water permeability) of parenchyma cells in the midrib tissue of @entity4 ( @entity4 .) leaves have been measured. A new perfusion technique was applied to excised leaves to keep turgor constant and to modify the environment around cells by perfusing solutions using a pressure chamber. In response to low light (LL) of 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), T(1/2) decreased during the perfusion of a control solution of 0.5 mM @entity5 by a factor of two. This was in line with earlier results from leaf cells of intact @entity4 plants at a constant turgor. In contrast, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) at intensities of 800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and 1800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) increased the T(1/2) in two-thirds of cells by factors of 14 and 35, respectively. The effects of @entity6 on T(1/2) were similar to those caused by @entity1 treatment in the presence of @entity7 , which produced * @entity3 (Fenton reaction; reversible oxidative gating of aquaporins). Treatments with 20 mM @entity1 following @entity7 pre-treatments increased the T(1/2) by a factor of 30. Those increased T(1/2) values could be partly recovered, either when the perfusion solution was changed back to the control solution or when LL was applied. 3mM of the antioxidant @entity2 also reversed the effects of @entity6 . The data suggest that @entity6 could induce reactive @entity0 species (ROS) such as @entity3 , and they affected water relations. The results provide evidence that the varying light climate adjusts water flow at the cell level; that is, water flow is maximized at a certain light intensity and then reduced again by @entity6 . Light effects are discussed in terms of an oxidative gating of aquaporins by ROS.

title: Gating of aq  aporins by light and reactive @entity0 species in leaf parenchyma cells of the midrib of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) has received much attention recently. Advocates have touted its use for the diagnosis and duration of therapy in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, little has been written about its utility in @entity1 @entity0 . The clinical, physiologic, and radiologic components of the CPIS may be difficult to differentiate from the systemic effects of injury. Quantitative cultures of the lower airway have been shown to be efficacious in differentiating @entity4 from the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In this study, we evaluated the potential use of CPIS as the sole means for diagnosis of @entity4 in critically injured @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 were identified from the @entity4 database maintained in our Level I @entity1 center. Only those who had CPIS calculated at the time of bronchoscopy with BAL were included. @entity4 required >or=10 colonies/mL on quantitative BAL for diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy was based on quantitative BAL results. @entity0 with <10 colonies/mL were diagnosed with @entity3 . Sensitivity and specificity of a CPIS>6 for @entity4 diagnosis (confirmed by BAL) were calculated. RESULTS: In all, 158 @entity0 underwent 285 BALs. The overall incidence for @entity4 was 42%. @entity0 with episodes of @entity4 and @entity3 were well matched for age, Injury Severity Score, APACHE II score, and Glasgow @entity2 Scale score. The average CPIS was 6.8 in @entity0 with @entity3 and 6.9 for those with @entity4 . Using a CPIS>6 as the threshold for @entity4 only yielded a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 43%. CONCLUSIONS: CPIS cannot differentiate @entity4 from @entity3 in critically injured @entity0 . Using CPIS to initiate antibiotic therapy in @entity1 @entity0 could be harmful. Whether CPIS is useful to determine duration of antibiotic therapy is unknown.

title: The futility of the clinical pulmonary infection score in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) has received much attention recently. Advocates have touted its use for the diagnosis and duration of therapy in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, little has been written about its utility in @entity1 @entity0 . The clinical, physiologic, and radiologic components of the CPIS may be difficult to differentiate from the systemic effects of injury. Quantitative cultures of the lower airway have been shown to be efficacious in differentiating @entity4 from the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In this study, we evaluated the potential use of CPIS as the sole means for diagnosis of @entity4 in critically injured @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 were identified from the @entity4 database maintained in our Level I @entity1 center. Only those who had CPIS calculated at the time of bronchoscopy with BAL were included. @entity4 required >or=10 colonies/mL on quantitative BAL for diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy was based on quantitative BAL results. @entity0 with <10 colonies/mL were diagnosed with @entity3 . Sensitivity and specificity of a CPIS>6 for @entity4 diagnosis (confirmed by BAL) were calculated. RESULTS: In all, 158 @entity0 underwent 285 BALs. The overall incidence for @entity4 was 42%. @entity0 with episodes of @entity4 and @entity3 were well matched for age, Injury Severity Score, APACHE II score, and Glasgow @entity2 Scale score. The average CPIS was 6.8 in @entity0 with @entity3 and 6.9 for those with @entity4 . Using a CPIS>6 as the threshold for @entity4 only yielded a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 43%. CONCLUSIONS: CPIS cannot differentiate @entity4 from @entity3 in critically injured @entity0 . Using CPIS to initiate antibiotic therapy in @entity1 @entity0 could be harmful. Whether CPIS is useful to determine duration of antibiotic therapy is unknown.

title: The futility of the clinical pulmonary infection score in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comminuted @entity2 are traditionally treated by internal fixation. The modified tension-band technique is widely accepted for internal fixation. The management of comminuted @entity2 often requires additional K-wire and/or circlage material and wide surgical exposure. Therefore, symptoms and complications related to the stainless steel wire are not uncommon in these cases. We present a new alternative treatment technique for @entity3 . METHODS: Five @entity3 of four @entity0 were treated by circular external fixator (CEF) under arthroscopic control. The mean @entity0 age was 32.5 (range 24-41) years and mean follow-up was 22 (range 20-28) months. RESULTS: In four cases, union was completed by the sixth week; in the other case, union was completed by the eighth week. The frames were removed after union of the @entity2 was documented. When the CEF was removed, full knee range of motion was observed full in all @entity0 , and the @entity0 returned to their normal activities of living in a few days. The mean Lysholm score was 94 (range 85-100) after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: CEF application under arthroscopic control can help avoid some complications of the traditional treatment methods, particularly in comminuted @entity2 . The most important advantage of this technique is to allow active knee motion in the early postoperative period so @entity0 can return to activity of daily living soon after the implant removal. In addition, arthroscopic examination of the knee joint provides an assessment of any other @entity1 . This technique allows healing of the @entity2 with low morbidity.

title: Application of circular external fixator under arthroscopic control in comminuted patella XXXX : technique and early results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The medicinal mushroom Chaga, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) @entity13  t (Hymenochaetaceae), has been used in folk medicine in Russia, Poland, and most of the Baltic countries, as a cleansing and disinfecting measure, and as decoctions for @entity12 , @entity9 , and @entity2 treatment. Many reports have been published concerning the health promoting functions of this mushroom, including antibacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. The purpose of the present study was evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of fraction IO4 isolated from I. obliquus. The effect on cell proliferation, motility and viability was assessed in a range of @entity2 and normal cells. Chaga fraction prepared from dried fruiting bodies was subjected to anticancer evaluation in @entity0 @entity1 (A549), @entity10 (HT-29), and @entity4 glioma (C6) cell cultures. @entity0 skin fibroblasts (HSF), @entity8 aorta endothelial cells (BAEC), models of @entity4 oligodendrocytes (OLN-93), hepatocytes (Fao), @entity4 astroglia, and @entity3 neurons (P19) were applied to test @entity6 in normal cells. The following methods were applied: @entity2 cell proliferation ( @entity5 assay and @entity11 assay), @entity6 (LDH assay), @entity2 cell motility (wound assay), @entity2 cell morphology (May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa staining), and @entity7 detection (ELISA). Chaga fraction elicited anticancer effects which were attributed to decreased @entity2 cell proliferation, motility and morphological changes induction. Of note is the fact that it produced no or low @entity6 in tested normal cells. The data presented could open interesting paths for further investigations of fraction IO4 as a potential anticancer agent.

title: Anticancer effects of fraction isolated from fruiting bodies of Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) XXXX  t (Aphyllophoromycetideae): in vitro studies.

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Clinical and pathological significance of stage IIIC @entity2 is unclear. Our study was designed to determine the risk of recurrence among @entity0 with stage IIIC @entity2 according to different pathological findings. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity0 with @entity2 (n = 48) treated in our institution between 1996 and 2005. @entity0 without comprehensive surgical staging were excluded. @entity0 were classified into two groups: with adnexae and/or uterine serosal @entity1 (group A, n = 18) and without @entity1 (group B, n = 20). Cox proportional hazards model was used for multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 64 years (range 46-90). Eighteen @entity0 received adjuvant chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy, 17 received pelvic radiotherapy alone, and 11 received chemotherapy or hormonotherapy. At a median follow-up of 26.7 months, 12 had recurrence of the disease. Serosal and/or adnexal involvement was a negative independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival [relative risk = 3.75 (1.01-13.9); p = 0.04], whereas histological type, grade, depth of invasion and age at diagnosis had no influence. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with stage IIIC @entity2 and @entity1 to adnexae and/or serosa have a higher risk of recurrence than those with node @entity1 alone. Optimal adjuvant therapy for these groups remains unclear.

title: Positive adnexal or uterine serosal involvement in stage IIIC XXXX is an adverse factor for recurrence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The optimal treatment for @entity0 requiring intervention for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and concomitant large or symptomatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remains problematic. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed of 32 @entity0 with symptomatic or large (> cm) @entity5 along with significant @entity4 treated over the past fifteen years at a university hospital. RESULTS: Mean @entity5 diameter was 6.6 cm. @entity4 involved 3 or more vessels in all @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 underwent staged coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) followed by open @entity5 repair, with two (13%) dying as a result of @entity6 in the early postoperative period. No major complications were encountered among five @entity0 receiving staged coronary angioplasty before open @entity5 repair and two @entity0 undergoing staged CABG followed by @entity2 repair. Ten @entity0 underwent concomitant CABG and @entity5 repair, with a single intraoperative @entity1 (10%). No differences in morbidity were observed among @entity0 undergoing concomitant procedures as compared with those subjected to staged procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive interventions for coronary revascularization and @entity3 repair appear to be safe and effective options in properly selected high-risk @entity0 . While optimal management must be individualized, these data suggest that either staged or concomitant CABG and @entity5 repair may be viable options when minimally invasive interventions are not feasible.

title: XXXX and significant @entity4 : strategies and options.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The optimal treatment for @entity0 requiring intervention for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and concomitant large or symptomatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remains problematic. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed of 32 @entity0 with symptomatic or large (> cm) @entity5 along with significant @entity4 treated over the past fifteen years at a university hospital. RESULTS: Mean @entity5 diameter was 6.6 cm. @entity4 involved 3 or more vessels in all @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 underwent staged coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) followed by open @entity5 repair, with two (13%) dying as a result of @entity6 in the early postoperative period. No major complications were encountered among five @entity0 receiving staged coronary angioplasty before open @entity5 repair and two @entity0 undergoing staged CABG followed by @entity2 repair. Ten @entity0 underwent concomitant CABG and @entity5 repair, with a single intraoperative @entity1 (10%). No differences in morbidity were observed among @entity0 undergoing concomitant procedures as compared with those subjected to staged procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive interventions for coronary revascularization and @entity3 repair appear to be safe and effective options in properly selected high-risk @entity0 . While optimal management must be individualized, these data suggest that either staged or concomitant CABG and @entity5 repair may be viable options when minimally invasive interventions are not feasible.

title: @entity5 and significant XXXX : strategies and options.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nailfold capillaroscopy is an important tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity0 with @entity3 , in particular @entity7 and @entity4 . A relationship has been observed in adults between improved capillaroscopic findings and reduced disease activity. Our aim was to correlate disease activity (clinical and laboratory data) and nailfold capillaroscopy findings in 18 @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: This prospective study included 13 @entity8 @entity0 (Bohan and Peter criteria) (mean age of 8.8 years) and five @entity0 with @entity5 (mean age of 15.7 years). We evaluated disease activity ( @entity1 and @entity2 , muscle enzymes and acute phase reactants) and its correlation with nailfold capillaroscopy findings (dilatation of isolated loops, dropout of surrounding vessels and giant capillary loops). We used a microscope with special light and magnification of 10 to 16X. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 underwent a total of 26 capillaroscopic examinations, seven of them on two or more occasions (13 were performed during the active disease phase and 13 during remission). Twelve of the 13 examinations performed during the active phase exhibited @entity4 pattern and 8 of the 13 examinations performed during remission were normal. Therefore, in 20 of the 26 examinations clinical and laboratory data and nailfold capillaroscopy findings correlated (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nailfold capillaroscopy is a non-invasive examination that offers satisfactory correlation with disease activity and could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity6 .

title: XXXX in childhood: correlation between nailfold capillaroscopy findings and clinical and laboratory data.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on a pair of monozygotic female twins discordant for @entity7 . DESCRIPTION: The affected twin was a @entity0 , who was delivered by caesarean section at 35 weeks' gestation. Her birth weight was 2,170 g, length 42.5 cm, head circumference 30 cm and her Apgar scores were 3/7. After birth the @entity0 developed severe @entity4 and had to be moved to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). The other twin was a @entity0 , born weighing 3,200 g with a length of 49 cm, head circumference of 34 cm and Apgar scores of 8/10. She was transferred to the mother-baby unit soon after birth and was discharged two days later. There was no consanguinity between the twins' parents, who were young and healthy at the time of their conception. The affected @entity0 's @entity1 included left @entity7 , severe @entity6 , abnormal ears, bilateral @entity8 and epibulbar @entity5 . She developed obstructive @entity3 due to @entity6 and required tracheostomy. Abdominal and cranial ultrasound findings were normal, as was an ophthalmological assessment. Spine x-ray showed hemivertebra at T9 and T10. An echocardiogram showed @entity2 . GTG-banded karyotyping was performed on peripheral blood cells and revealed 46,XX. Zygosity testing established the pair of twins to be monozygotic with a probability greater than 99:1. COMMENT: @entity7 was diagnosed in one of the twins described here. There are several reports of twins discordant for this disorder and therefore non-genetic factors may also play an important role, for instance vascular disruption during morphogenesis.

title: Monozygotic twins discordant for XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Pomacea lineata, an extremely ubiquitous snail and pest to @entity1 farmers throughout Asia, holds promise as a valuable resource for monitoring water quality in northeast Brazil. In this paper, we present data demonstrating the rate of @entity2 in P. lineata neonates as a consistent measure of the stress imposed by sublethal concentrations of the herbicides @entity3 and Round-up. Our secondary agenda is to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating bioassay into the standard municipal and state procedure of monitoring water quality. Growth data to assess chronic @entity0 were generated in experiments of four and four, eight, twelve and sixteen days for @entity3 and Round-up, respectively. We estimated a 96 h no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for @entity3 of 0.12 and 0.25 mg/L. The 96 h Round-up data yielded NOEC and LOEC values, respectively, of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L. All concentrations of Round-up tested for the 192 h exposure yielded significantly lower growth than the control. Consequently, no NOEC could be derived. The LOEC was < 0.12 mg/L. Furthermore, there was no mortality during the test. At the lowest concentrations of @entity3 tested (0.005 mg/L) there was a significant increase in growth compared with the controls, suggesting a hormetic effect.

title: Applying @entity2 in Pomacea lineata (SPIX 1824) (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) as a measure of herbicide XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pomacea lineata, an extremely ubiquitous snail and pest to @entity1 farmers throughout Asia, holds promise as a valuable resource for monitoring water quality in northeast Brazil. In this paper, we present data demonstrating the rate of @entity2 in P. lineata neonates as a consistent measure of the stress imposed by sublethal concentrations of the herbicides @entity3 and Round-up. Our secondary agenda is to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating bioassay into the standard municipal and state procedure of monitoring water quality. Growth data to assess chronic @entity0 were generated in experiments of four and four, eight, twelve and sixteen days for @entity3 and Round-up, respectively. We estimated a 96 h no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for @entity3 of 0.12 and 0.25 mg/L. The 96 h Round-up data yielded NOEC and LOEC values, respectively, of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L. All concentrations of Round-up tested for the 192 h exposure yielded significantly lower growth than the control. Consequently, no NOEC could be derived. The LOEC was < 0.12 mg/L. Furthermore, there was no mortality during the test. At the lowest concentrations of @entity3 tested (0.005 mg/L) there was a significant increase in growth compared with the controls, suggesting a hormetic effect.

title: Applying XXXX in Pomacea lineata (SPIX 1824) (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) as a measure of herbicide @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity0 with drug-refractory focal @entity1 , nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or discordant data of presurgical standard investigations leads to failure generating a sufficient hypothesis for electrode implantation or @entity1 surgery. The @entity2 -onset zone can be further investigated by subtraction ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) coregistered to MRI (SISCOM). This is an observational study of a large consecutive cohort of @entity0 undergoing prospective SISCOM to generate hypothesis for electrode implantation or site of @entity1 surgery. METHODS: One hundred seventy-five consecutive @entity0 undergoing presurgical evaluation with either nonlesional MRI or discordant data of standard investigations preventing the generation of hypothesis for @entity2 onset were evaluated with SISCOM. Results were compared to gold standard for @entity2 onset detection, either electrocorticography (ECoG) and/or postoperative outcome. KEY FINDINGS: One hundred thirty @entity0 had successful SPECT injection. Hypothesis for electrode implantation/site of surgery was generated in 74 @entity0 . Forty @entity0 had gold standard comparison. Twenty-eight @entity0 underwent resective surgery. SISCOM was concordant to site of surgery in 82%. An additional 12 @entity0 underwent invasive EEG monitoring but were not suitable for surgery. SISCOM was concordant multifocal in 75%. Two years postsurgical follow-up of 26 @entity0 showed favorable outcome in 22 (Engel class I and class II). SIGNIFICANCE: SISCOM is a highly valuable diagnostic tool to localize the @entity2 -onset zone in nonlesional and extratemporal @entity1 . Outcome in this @entity0 group was unexpectedly good, even in @entity0 with nonlesional MRI. The high correlation with ECoG and site of successful surgery is a strong indicator that outcome prediction in this @entity0 group should be adapted accordingly, which may encourage more @entity0 to undergo electrode implantation and subsequent successful surgery. Statistical analysis showed that SISCOM with shorter duration of @entity2 , focal @entity2 , and lesional MRI was more likely to generate implantation hypothesis.

title: Prospective use of subtraction ictal SPECT coregistered to MRI (SISCOM) in presurgical evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Release of the neuronal protein @entity5 into the circulation has been suggested as a specific indication of @entity2 . The hypothesis that @entity5 is a useful and cost-effective screening tool for the management of minor @entity3 was tested. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity0 sustaining isolated @entity3 were prospectively evaluated in the emergency room of a Brazilian hospital by routine cranial computed tomography scan. Venous blood samples (processed to serum) were assayed for @entity5 using a newly developed immunoassay test kit. Twenty-one normal healthy individuals served as negative controls. Data are presented as median and 25 to 75 percentiles. RESULTS: @entity0 reached the emergency room an average of 45 minutes (range: 30-62 minutes) after @entity3 . Six of 50 @entity0 (12%) showed relevant posttraumatic lesions in the initial cranial computed tomography scan and were counted as positive. The median systemic concentration of @entity5 in those @entity0 was 0.75 microg/L (range: 0.66-6.5 microg/L), which was significantly different (U-test, P < .05) from the median concentration of 0.26 microg/L (range: 0.12-0.65 microg/L), of @entity0 without posttraumatic lesions as counted by the cranial computed tomography. A sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 20%, a positive predictive value of 15%, and a negative predictive value of 100% was calculated for the detection of @entity0 suffering from @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Protein @entity5 had a very high sensitivity and negative predictive value and could have an important role in ruling out the need for cranial computed tomography scan after @entity3 . This appears to be of substantial clinical relevance, particularly in countries where @entity1 incidence is high and medical resources are limited, such as in Brazil.

title: Measurement of @entity5 for risk classification of victims sustaining XXXX --first pilot study in Brazil.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Release of the neuronal protein @entity5 into the circulation has been suggested as a specific indication of @entity2 . The hypothesis that @entity5 is a useful and cost-effective screening tool for the management of minor @entity3 was tested. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity0 sustaining isolated @entity3 were prospectively evaluated in the emergency room of a Brazilian hospital by routine cranial computed tomography scan. Venous blood samples (processed to serum) were assayed for @entity5 using a newly developed immunoassay test kit. Twenty-one normal healthy individuals served as negative controls. Data are presented as median and 25 to 75 percentiles. RESULTS: @entity0 reached the emergency room an average of 45 minutes (range: 30-62 minutes) after @entity3 . Six of 50 @entity0 (12%) showed relevant posttraumatic lesions in the initial cranial computed tomography scan and were counted as positive. The median systemic concentration of @entity5 in those @entity0 was 0.75 microg/L (range: 0.66-6.5 microg/L), which was significantly different (U-test, P < .05) from the median concentration of 0.26 microg/L (range: 0.12-0.65 microg/L), of @entity0 without posttraumatic lesions as counted by the cranial computed tomography. A sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 20%, a positive predictive value of 15%, and a negative predictive value of 100% was calculated for the detection of @entity0 suffering from @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Protein @entity5 had a very high sensitivity and negative predictive value and could have an important role in ruling out the need for cranial computed tomography scan after @entity3 . This appears to be of substantial clinical relevance, particularly in countries where @entity1 incidence is high and medical resources are limited, such as in Brazil.

title: Measurement of XXXX for risk classification of victims sustaining @entity3 --first pilot study in Brazil.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 and @entity3 are clinically distinct yet both disorders are characterised by theory of mind (ToM) deficits. @entity3 individuals fail to appreciate false beliefs, yet understand the causal connections between behavioural events and simple emotions. Findings of this type have promoted the view that @entity1 in @entity3 reflect a domain-specific difficulty with appreciating the representational nature of epistemic mental states (i.e., beliefs and intentions and not emotions). This study examines whether the same holds true for @entity2 . METHODS: A picture-sequencing task assessed capacity to infer false beliefs in @entity0 with @entity2 and healthy controls. To assess emotion attribution, @entity0 were shown cartoon strips of events likely to elicit strong emotional reactions in story characters. Characters' faces were blanked out. @entity0 were instructed to think about how the characters would be feeling in order to match up the cards depicting facial affect appropriately. @entity0 later named emotions depicted in facial affect cards. RESULTS: @entity0 were as capable as controls of identifying cartoon facial expressions, yet had greater difficulties with: (a) attributing emotions based on circumstances; and (b) inferring false beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 @entity0 , unlike @entity3 individuals, suffer a domain-general difficulty with empathetic perspective-taking that affects equally their appreciation of other @entity0 's beliefs, percepts, and emotions.

title: Empathetic perspective-taking is impaired in XXXX : evidence from a study of emotion attribution and theory of mind.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This ecologic study examined the geographic distribution of @entity2 in Ohio, 1996-2000, among @entity0 aged 0-19 for evidence that population mixing may be a factor. PROCEDURE: (1) State incidence rates were compared to Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) rates for each year and for the 5-year period, 1996-2000; (2) incidence rates for each of Ohio's 88 counties were compared to statewide rates; and (3) county incidence rates were compared based on population density, population growth, and rural/urban locale. SEER*Stat version 5.0 was used to derive age-specific and 0-19 age-adjusted rates. Expected values, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and Poisson P-values were calculated with Excel using the indirect method of standardization. RESULTS: Of the 585 cases, 73.3% were @entity1 ( @entity1 ), 16.6% @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 3.2% @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and 2.6% @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Rates for @entity2 burden were significantly below national levels for all races (P = 0.00001), likely due to poor ascertainment of cases. Yearly incidence rates for 1996-2000 were stable for @entity1 and @entity4 ; @entity3 rates declined over the period. Based on 2000 Census and intercensal population estimates for 1996-2000, statistically higher rates for @entity1 were noted for counties experiencing >10% population change 1990-2000 (P < 0.05), especially for ages 1-4 (P < 0.03) in counties with 10-20% growth. Counties 67.9-99.2% urban experienced fewer than expected cases of @entity4 + @entity5 (P < 0.06). CONCLUSION: Data support Kinlen's theory of population mixing and warrant further studies in Ohio, the US and other countries.

title: Evidence of population mixing based on the geographical distribution of XXXX in Ohio.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent interest in adverse effects of infrasound on organisms arises from health concerns. We assessed the association between infrasound exposure of 5 Hz at 130 dB and changes of cardiac ultrastructure and function in @entity0 . Thirty-two @entity0 were randomized into control, 1, 7, and 14 days groups for 2 h of infrasound once daily according to planned schedules. Changes of cardiac ultrastructure, hemodynamics indices, intracellular @entity1 concentrations ([ @entity1 ](i)), and sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity1 -ATPase 2 ( @entity4 ) were detected. Heart rates in 1 day group were significantly increased compared with control group and no significant changes in other groups. @entity2 were significantly increased with time. Left ventricular diastolic end pressure and maximum rising rates of left ventricular pressure (+dl/dt) were significantly increased in 7 and 14 days groups and not changed in 1 day group, compared with control group. Maximum dropping rates of left ventricular pressure (-dl/dt) were significantly decreased in 7 and 14 days groups and not changed in 1 day group, compared with control group. In heart cells, there were several swelled mitochondria in 1 day group, more swelled mitochondria in 7 days group, @entity3 in the intercellular substance in 14 days group. [ @entity1 ](i) were significantly increased with time. There was a significant increase in @entity4 in 1 day group, while a significant decrease in 7 and 14 days groups, compared with control group. Infrasound of 5 Hz at 130 dB can damage cardiac ultrastructure and function. Changes of [ @entity1 ](i) and @entity4 play an important role in the secondary cardiac damage.

title: Infrasound-induced hemodynamics, ultrastructure, and molecular changes in the XXXX myocardium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recent studies suggested that different types of OFF bipolar cells express specific types of ionotropic ( @entity0 or @entity4 ) @entity3 receptors (GluRs) at their contacts with cone pedicles. However, the question of which GluR type is expressed by which type of OFF bipolar cell in primate retina is still open. In this study, the expression of @entity0 and @entity4 receptor subunits at the @entity1 (FMB) cells was analyzed in the retina of the @entity5 , @entity5 . We used preembedding electron microscopy and double immunofluorescence with subunit-specific antibodies. The FMB cells were labeled with antibodies against the @entity2 epitope CD15. Cone pedicles were identified with peanut agglutinin. Immunoreactivity for the GluR1 subunit and for CD15 is preferentially located at triad-associated flat contacts. Furthermore, the large majority of GluR1 immunoreactive puncta is localized at the dendritic tips of FMB cells. These results suggest that FMB cells express the @entity0 receptor subunit GluR1. In contrast, the @entity4 receptor subunit GluR5 is not colocalized with the dendritic tips of FMB cells or with the GluR1 subunit. Immunoreactive puncta for the GluR1 subunit are found at all M/L-cone pedicles but are only rarely associated with S-cone pedicles. This is consistent with our recent findings in marmoset retina that FMB cells do not contact S-cone pedicles. The presence of GluR5 clusters at S-cone pedicles indicates that in primate retinas OFF bipolar cells expressing @entity4 receptor subunits receive some S-cone input.

title: OFF midget bipolar cells in the retina of the marmoset, @entity5 , express XXXX receptors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recent studies suggested that different types of OFF bipolar cells express specific types of ionotropic ( @entity0 or @entity4 ) @entity3 receptors (GluRs) at their contacts with cone pedicles. However, the question of which GluR type is expressed by which type of OFF bipolar cell in primate retina is still open. In this study, the expression of @entity0 and @entity4 receptor subunits at the @entity1 (FMB) cells was analyzed in the retina of the @entity5 , @entity5 . We used preembedding electron microscopy and double immunofluorescence with subunit-specific antibodies. The FMB cells were labeled with antibodies against the @entity2 epitope CD15. Cone pedicles were identified with peanut agglutinin. Immunoreactivity for the GluR1 subunit and for CD15 is preferentially located at triad-associated flat contacts. Furthermore, the large majority of GluR1 immunoreactive puncta is localized at the dendritic tips of FMB cells. These results suggest that FMB cells express the @entity0 receptor subunit GluR1. In contrast, the @entity4 receptor subunit GluR5 is not colocalized with the dendritic tips of FMB cells or with the GluR1 subunit. Immunoreactive puncta for the GluR1 subunit are found at all M/L-cone pedicles but are only rarely associated with S-cone pedicles. This is consistent with our recent findings in marmoset retina that FMB cells do not contact S-cone pedicles. The presence of GluR5 clusters at S-cone pedicles indicates that in primate retinas OFF bipolar cells expressing @entity4 receptor subunits receive some S-cone input.

title: OFF midget bipolar cells in the retina of the marmoset, XXXX , express @entity0 receptors.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Between October 1987 and November 1988, 95 European @entity0 with @entity12 have been treated with recombinant @entity11 ( @entity13 ) (EuroCetus) at 18 X 10(6) IU/m2/day (equivalent to 3 X 10(6) Cetus Units/m2/day) according to the West schedule in two trials. 1. Forty-two @entity0 received @entity13 alone. Median time between initial diagnosis and @entity1 was three months. Eighty-one percent of the @entity0 had at least two involved sites at inclusion and 86% underwent prior nephrectomy. Twenty-seven @entity0 (64%) received two successive courses. Over 80% of the planned dose was administered in 69% and 44% of @entity0 during courses 1 and 2, respectively. Fever, @entity7 , @entity10 , rise in @entity9 level, @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity8 were commonly observed but resolved promptly after completion of therapy. No @entity5 was recorded. Two (6%) complete responses (CR), four (13%) partial responses (PR), four @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 22 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were observed. The response rate is 6/32 (19%); the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 218+ days (92-394). 2. Fifty-three @entity0 received @entity13 with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Median time from primary diagnosis to @entity1 was three months. Eighty-five percent of @entity0 had at least two involved sites though 73% had previously undergone nephrectomy. Forty @entity0 (75%) received two successive induction courses. Most @entity0 , i.e. respectively, 77% and 60%, were given at least 80% of the planned dose during courses 1 and 2. Median numbers of LAK cells infused were 13.1 and 11.6 X 10(9) nucleated cells per course, respectively. @entity5 was not different from that described above; no @entity5 occurred; five CR (10%), nine PR (18%), 11 @entity2 and 26 @entity3 were observed. The response rate is 14/51 (27%) and the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 7.2+ months (3-13.1). In conclusion, @entity13 , with or without LAK cells, is obviously active on @entity12 . The difference in response rate between the two trials is not statistically significant but has to be paralleled with the difference in dose received by the @entity0 rather than with the addition of a cellular therapy. @entity5 was always manageable and reversible. The association of @entity13 with other lymphokines should represent a major issue to improve the response rate and will be considered in further European studies.

title: @entity11 with or without LAK cells in XXXX : a report of a European multicentre study.

answer: @entity12


abstract: Between October 1987 and November 1988, 95 European @entity0 with @entity12 have been treated with recombinant @entity11 ( @entity13 ) (EuroCetus) at 18 X 10(6) IU/m2/day (equivalent to 3 X 10(6) Cetus Units/m2/day) according to the West schedule in two trials. 1. Forty-two @entity0 received @entity13 alone. Median time between initial diagnosis and @entity1 was three months. Eighty-one percent of the @entity0 had at least two involved sites at inclusion and 86% underwent prior nephrectomy. Twenty-seven @entity0 (64%) received two successive courses. Over 80% of the planned dose was administered in 69% and 44% of @entity0 during courses 1 and 2, respectively. Fever, @entity7 , @entity10 , rise in @entity9 level, @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity8 were commonly observed but resolved promptly after completion of therapy. No @entity5 was recorded. Two (6%) complete responses (CR), four (13%) partial responses (PR), four @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 22 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were observed. The response rate is 6/32 (19%); the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 218+ days (92-394). 2. Fifty-three @entity0 received @entity13 with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Median time from primary diagnosis to @entity1 was three months. Eighty-five percent of @entity0 had at least two involved sites though 73% had previously undergone nephrectomy. Forty @entity0 (75%) received two successive induction courses. Most @entity0 , i.e. respectively, 77% and 60%, were given at least 80% of the planned dose during courses 1 and 2. Median numbers of LAK cells infused were 13.1 and 11.6 X 10(9) nucleated cells per course, respectively. @entity5 was not different from that described above; no @entity5 occurred; five CR (10%), nine PR (18%), 11 @entity2 and 26 @entity3 were observed. The response rate is 14/51 (27%) and the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 7.2+ months (3-13.1). In conclusion, @entity13 , with or without LAK cells, is obviously active on @entity12 . The difference in response rate between the two trials is not statistically significant but has to be paralleled with the difference in dose received by the @entity0 rather than with the addition of a cellular therapy. @entity5 was always manageable and reversible. The association of @entity13 with other lymphokines should represent a major issue to improve the response rate and will be considered in further European studies.

title: XXXX with or without LAK cells in @entity12 : a report of a European multicentre study.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Analysis of local toxoplasma antibody production to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis of @entity4 is a valuable diagnostic tool. Determination of toxoplasma antibodies in the blood of the @entity0 is of limited use. When blood toxoplasma tests are negative this indicates that toxoplasma as a causative organisms in the pathogenesis of @entity3 is unlikely. A positive blood test is a sensitive test (100% @entity0 positive) but not a specific test since so many healthy individuals already have undergone subclinical infection and have acquired humoral immunity against the parasite. We analysed 93 paired aqueous and serum samples for toxoplasma antibodies and total IgG and determined the Goldmann-Wittmer coefficient. In @entity0 retrospectively diagnosed as having @entity4 16 out of 22 had a positive coefficient, indicating local parasite antibody production. In one @entity0 with @entity2 we also found a positive toxoplasma coefficient. Three out of 15 @entity0 with posterior @entity3 of unknown origin also had a positive coefficient. None of the @entity1 @entity0 tested (n = 32) had a positive coefficient. Major drawbacks of aqueous humor analysis are that a false negative antibody coefficient can occur when a massive blood aqueous barrier breakdown has occurred.

title: Aqueous humor analysis as a diagnostic tool in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: Inconsistent data suggest that endogenous sex hormones may have a role in sex-dependent etiologies of @entity3 2 @entity1 , such that @entity6 may increase risk in @entity0 while decreasing risk in @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess studies evaluating the association of plasma levels of @entity4 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity2 with risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: Systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE (1966-June 2005) for English-language articles using the keywords @entity1 , @entity4 , sex-hormone-binding-globulin, and @entity2 ; references of retrieved articles; and direct author contact. STUDY SELECTION: From 80 retrieved articles, 43 prospective and cross-sectional studies were identified, comprising 6974 @entity0 and 6427 @entity0 and presenting relative risks (RRs) or hormone levels for cases and controls. DATA EXTRACTION: Information on study design, @entity0 characteristics, hormone levels, and risk estimates were independently extracted by 2 investigators using a standardized protocol. DATA SYNTHESIS: Results were pooled using random effects and meta-regressions. Cross-sectional studies indicated that @entity4 level was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 (mean difference, -76.6 ng/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -99.4 to -53.6) and higher in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 compared with controls (mean difference, 6.1 ng/dL; 95% CI, 2.3 to 10.1) (P<.001 for sex difference). Similarly, prospective studies showed that @entity0 with higher @entity4 levels (range, 449.6-605.2 ng/dL) had a 42% lower risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.87), while there was suggestion that @entity4 increased risk in @entity0 (P = .06 for sex difference). Cross-sectional and prospective studies both found that @entity5 was more protective in @entity0 than in @entity0 (P< or =.01 for sex difference for both), with prospective studies indicating that @entity0 with higher @entity5 levels (>60 vs < or =60 nmol/L) had an 80% lower risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 (RR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.30), while @entity0 with higher @entity5 levels (>28.3 vs < or =28.3 nmol/L) had a 52% lower risk (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.69). @entity2 levels were elevated among @entity0 and postmenopausal @entity0 with @entity1 compared with controls (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicates that endogenous sex hormones may differentially modulate glycemic status and risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 in @entity0 and @entity0 . High @entity4 levels are associated with higher risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 in @entity0 but with lower risk in @entity0 ; the inverse association of @entity5 with risk was stronger in @entity0 than in @entity0 .

title: Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of XXXX 2 @entity1 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: Inconsistent data suggest that endogenous sex hormones may have a role in sex-dependent etiologies of @entity3 2 @entity1 , such that @entity6 may increase risk in @entity0 while decreasing risk in @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess studies evaluating the association of plasma levels of @entity4 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity2 with risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: Systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE (1966-June 2005) for English-language articles using the keywords @entity1 , @entity4 , sex-hormone-binding-globulin, and @entity2 ; references of retrieved articles; and direct author contact. STUDY SELECTION: From 80 retrieved articles, 43 prospective and cross-sectional studies were identified, comprising 6974 @entity0 and 6427 @entity0 and presenting relative risks (RRs) or hormone levels for cases and controls. DATA EXTRACTION: Information on study design, @entity0 characteristics, hormone levels, and risk estimates were independently extracted by 2 investigators using a standardized protocol. DATA SYNTHESIS: Results were pooled using random effects and meta-regressions. Cross-sectional studies indicated that @entity4 level was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 (mean difference, -76.6 ng/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -99.4 to -53.6) and higher in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 compared with controls (mean difference, 6.1 ng/dL; 95% CI, 2.3 to 10.1) (P<.001 for sex difference). Similarly, prospective studies showed that @entity0 with higher @entity4 levels (range, 449.6-605.2 ng/dL) had a 42% lower risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.87), while there was suggestion that @entity4 increased risk in @entity0 (P = .06 for sex difference). Cross-sectional and prospective studies both found that @entity5 was more protective in @entity0 than in @entity0 (P< or =.01 for sex difference for both), with prospective studies indicating that @entity0 with higher @entity5 levels (>60 vs < or =60 nmol/L) had an 80% lower risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 (RR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.30), while @entity0 with higher @entity5 levels (>28.3 vs < or =28.3 nmol/L) had a 52% lower risk (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.69). @entity2 levels were elevated among @entity0 and postmenopausal @entity0 with @entity1 compared with controls (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicates that endogenous sex hormones may differentially modulate glycemic status and risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 in @entity0 and @entity0 . High @entity4 levels are associated with higher risk of @entity3 2 @entity1 in @entity0 but with lower risk in @entity0 ; the inverse association of @entity5 with risk was stronger in @entity0 than in @entity0 .

title: Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of @entity3 2 XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no current consensus regarding the optimal bladder volumes in definitive radiotherapy for @entity1 . The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the bladder volume and optimal treatment planning in radiotherapy for @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and forty-three @entity0 underwent definitive radiotherapy with helical tomotherapy for intermediate- and high-risk @entity1 . The prescribed dose defined as 95% of the planning target volume ( @entity2 ) receiving     100% of the prescription dose was 76 Gy in 38 fractions. The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the prostate with a 5-mm margin and 2 cm of the proximal seminal vesicle. The @entity2 was defined as the CTV with a 5-mm margin. Treatment plans were optimized to satisfy the dose constraints defined by in-house protocols for @entity2 and organs at risk (rectum wall, bladder wall, sigmoid colon and small intestine). If all dose constraints were satisfied, the plan was defined as an optimal plan (OP). RESULTS: An OP was achieved with 203 @entity0 (84%). Mean bladder volume (   1 SD) was 266 ml (   130 ml) among those with an OP and 214 ml (  130 ml) among those without an OP (p = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis also showed that bladder volumes below 150 ml decreased the possibility of achieving an OP. However, the percentage of @entity0 with an OP showed a plateau effect at bladder volumes above 150 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder volume is a significant factor affecting OP rates. However, our results suggest that bladder volumes exceeding 150 ml may not help meet planning dose constraints.

title: The relationship between the bladder volume and optimal treatment planning in definitive radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of the non-ergot @entity4 agonist @entity5 (RPN) in @entity0 with @entity1 in Spain, and to examine its effectiveness and tolerability in both monotherapy and combination therapy. METHODS: Fifty-two investigators participated in this study. @entity0 receiving RPN under usual clinical care conditions in Spanish Neurology outpatient clinic settings were identified (n=643) out of these, a random sample of 423 clinical records of @entity0 treated with RPN in the previous 18 months was selected. The endpoints analyzed were: percentage of @entity0 remaining on treatment during the period of study (maintenance), reported adverse reactions and treatment withdrawal (tolerability), changes in symptoms' severity as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale (effectiveness), and start-to-end mean RPN dose. RESULTS: @entity0 were 68.6+/-9.7 years old (mean+/-SD) and 57.6% were male. RPN was administered as monotherapy (24%) or add-on treatment (76%). The mean maintenance dose was 9.54+/-5.34mg/day. Adverse reactions were reported by 28.6% @entity0 , the most frequent being somnolence and sedation (9.2%), @entity2 (6.9%), increase in @entity3 (5.9%), and orthostatic symptoms (3.8%). Treatment was withdrawn in 14.4% of @entity0 , because of adverse reactions (5.9%), lack of efficacy (2.1%), change in treatment or clinical trial inclusion (1.9%) or other reasons (4.5%). Neurologists considered that improvement was achieved in 81.5% of @entity0 , according to CGI-I scale. CONCLUSIONS: The low incidence of adverse reactions and low rate of treatment withdrawal observed in this study support the effectiveness and tolerability of RPN in the treatment of @entity1 .

title: A multicentre retrospective study of the clinical use of @entity5 in the treatment of XXXX : the ROPI-PARK study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of the non-ergot @entity4 agonist @entity5 (RPN) in @entity0 with @entity1 in Spain, and to examine its effectiveness and tolerability in both monotherapy and combination therapy. METHODS: Fifty-two investigators participated in this study. @entity0 receiving RPN under usual clinical care conditions in Spanish Neurology outpatient clinic settings were identified (n=643) out of these, a random sample of 423 clinical records of @entity0 treated with RPN in the previous 18 months was selected. The endpoints analyzed were: percentage of @entity0 remaining on treatment during the period of study (maintenance), reported adverse reactions and treatment withdrawal (tolerability), changes in symptoms' severity as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale (effectiveness), and start-to-end mean RPN dose. RESULTS: @entity0 were 68.6+/-9.7 years old (mean+/-SD) and 57.6% were male. RPN was administered as monotherapy (24%) or add-on treatment (76%). The mean maintenance dose was 9.54+/-5.34mg/day. Adverse reactions were reported by 28.6% @entity0 , the most frequent being somnolence and sedation (9.2%), @entity2 (6.9%), increase in @entity3 (5.9%), and orthostatic symptoms (3.8%). Treatment was withdrawn in 14.4% of @entity0 , because of adverse reactions (5.9%), lack of efficacy (2.1%), change in treatment or clinical trial inclusion (1.9%) or other reasons (4.5%). Neurologists considered that improvement was achieved in 81.5% of @entity0 , according to CGI-I scale. CONCLUSIONS: The low incidence of adverse reactions and low rate of treatment withdrawal observed in this study support the effectiveness and tolerability of RPN in the treatment of @entity1 .

title: A multicentre retrospective study of the clinical use of XXXX in the treatment of @entity1 : the ROPI-PARK study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the feasibility and early @entity1 of dose-escalated image-guided IMRT to the pelvic @entity5 ( @entity5 ), prostate (P), and seminal vesicles (SV). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 103 high-risk @entity2 @entity0 received two-phase, dose-escalated, image-guided IMRT with 3 years of @entity3 deprivation therapy. Clinical target volumes (CTVs) were delineated using computed tomography/magnetic resonance co-registration and included the prostate, portions of the SV, and the @entity5 . Planning target volume margins ( @entity4 ) used were as follows: P (10 mm, 7 mm posteriorly), SV (10 mm), and @entity5 (5 mm). Organs at risk (OaR) were the rectal and bladder walls, femoral heads, and large and small bowel. The IMRT was planned with an intended dose of 55.1 Gy in 29 fractions to all CTVs (Phase 1), with P+SV consecutive boost of 24.7 Gy in 13 fractions. Daily online image guidance was performed using bony landmarks and intraprostatic markers. Feasibility criteria included delivery of intended doses in 80% of @entity0 , 95% of CTV displacements incorporated within @entity4 during Phase 1, and acute @entity1 rate comparable to that of lower-dose pelvic techniques. RESULTS: A total of 91 @entity0 (88%) received the total prescription dose. All @entity0 received at least 72 Gy. In Phase 1, 63 @entity0 (61%) received the intended 55.1 Gy, whereas 87% of @entity0 received at least 50 Gy. Dose reductions were caused by small bowel and rectal wall constraints. All CTVs received the planned dose in >95% of treatment fractions. There were no Radiation Therapy Oncology Group acute @entity1 greater than Grade 3, although there were five incidences equivalent to Grade 3 within a median follow-up of 23 months. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that dose escalation to the PLN+P+SV using IMRT is feasible, with acceptable rates of acute @entity1 .

title: Clinical application of high-dose, image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy in high-risk XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The cause of detrusor instability and @entity1 remains elusive. Although @entity4 is most prevalent at the extremes of age, GSI becomes more common with aging and @entity0 bearing, and therefore @entity1 is common, especially after menopause. Cystometry is used to diagnosis detrusor instability, but urethral closure pressure profilometry is required for assessment of @entity1 . @entity4 is managed initially by behavioral therapy, and if this is not satisfactory then FES should be used depending upon availability. Drug therapy should start with @entity5 at 2.5 to 5 mg twice-daily and increased as necessary to control symptoms. If the effects of therapy are minimal or side effects are too great, other medications or medication combinations should be tried. When the @entity0 does not respond to this level of therapy, transvesical @entity3 injections should be considered, or, alternatively, a sacral selective neurolysis or neurectomy should be considered. Finally, invasive procedures will have to be considered starting with bladder transection, especially for the @entity0 showing response to medication but intolerant of side effects. Mixed @entity1 should be approached with conservative measures for each component. FES or @entity2 therapy may help both conditions. If conservative therapy is not beneficial, surgical correction for GSI should be undertaken, with the knowledge that 35 to 50 per cent of @entity0 will also have cure of @entity4 , while the remainder can be treated medically for the @entity4 .

title: Etiology and management of detrusor instability and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Locally advanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) with bone and cartilage invasion (BCI) or those with soft-tissue invasion (STI) have been treated with resection followedup with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or definitive CRT. However, locoregional recurrence remained a large component of treatment failure. High-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (BT) has been used for dose escalation to further prevent local relapse. This is a review of our experience. METHODS AND MATERIALS: T4N0-3M0 locally advanced oral cavity and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 underwent definitive CRT or radiotherapy (RT) followedup with brachytherapy (BT). RT doses ranged from 45 to 50.4Gy. The @entity0 were reassessed at this dose and if response was inadequate, @entity0 underwent BT. BT doses ranged from 24 to 30Gy at 3-4Gy per fraction BID with 6h in between fractions. Concurrent chemotherapy was @entity2 based. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 were treated with CRT or RT alone followed by BT. Thirteen @entity0 had STI and 7 had BCI; 14 @entity0 were treated with CRT followed by BT; and 6 @entity0 were treated with RT alone followed by BT. Five-year locoregional control was 61%. Five-year overall survival was 29%. When we excluded the @entity0 treated with RT alone, 5-year overall survival was 36%. Nodal status was the only prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests CRT followedup with BT for @entity0 with T4 locally advanced @entity1 of the oral cavity, and oropharynx is a feasible treatment option. In @entity0 with poor response to CRT, BT may be used for dose escalation to increase locoregional control.

title: Interstitial brachytherapy as boost for locally advanced T4 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is a @entity5 associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical recognition and effective management is challenging, but insights can be gleaned from relevant pathologic features. Risk factors include @entity11 , possibly certain other @entity2 , and @entity16 . Auscultation can provide clues regarding valvular involvment, particularly when a diastolic left basilar murmur of @entity7 is present. @entity13 and insufficiency may also alter femoral arterial pulse characteristics. Echocardiography may facilitate diagnosis, particularly with @entity13 , but may not be able to distinguish between small @entity8 and early chronic @entity4 . @entity1 develop along edges of valve closure on the ventricular aspect of the aortic valve and the atrial surface of @entity9 . They may extend across valve leaflet, from valves to adjacent left atrial endocardium, interventricular or interatrial septum, or chordae tendineae. Vegetations can be friable and frequently embolize to spleen, kidney, and left ventricle - often before clinical recognition of the disease. @entity9 develops as a consequence of @entity9 , @entity0 , perforation, or @entity10 of the chordae tendineae. Histopathologic appearance varies with respect to duration of disease and antimicrobial therapy. These factors influence the amount of @entity0 material, @entity17 , fibrin, and inflammatory cells which make up the vegetations. Bacteria are not always identified in @entity9 , especially following antibacterial therapy, but may be detected in other organs. Common sequellae include @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity14 , and systemic organ @entity15 .

title: Pathologic and clinical features of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To evaluate any differences in ventricular pre-excitation secondary to @entity5 in the aged compared to young and adult @entity0 . METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">a clinical study was performed using a comparative prospective criterion with retrospective analysis. The duration of follow-up ranged between one and ten years. SETTING: the series was collected from the Cardiology Clinic of the Health District and the Cardiology Division of Gorizia, both forming part of no. 2 Isontina Health Service. @entity0 OR @entity0 : the series included 17 @entity0 suffering from @entity5 who were divided into two study groups: 9 elderly @entity0 and 8 young @entity0 . The latter were subdivided into a first subgroup of 4 cases with @entity5 with ECG positive for the presence of delta waves, and a second subgroup also with @entity5 secondary to bundle. INTERVENTIONS: some young @entity0 with @entity5 who were symptomatic for @entity2 underwent ablative surgery with radiofrequency of the bundle. PARAMETERS: all @entity0 underwent cardiological screening focused in particular on surface electrocardiogram. Those cases with @entity5 with occult bundle underwent transesophageal electrostimulation to find the conduction threshold of the anomalous bundle. RESULTS: Adult-elderly @entity0 : six subjects were diagnosed with antero-septal and left ventricular Kent's bundle (type B common) and 3 cases with Mahaim-Wiston bundle (type A rare). Surface ECG revealed the presence of @entity6 in 6 cases, @entity4 and total block of the left branch in 3 cases, as well as @entity1 correlated to @entity5 . Young @entity0 : four out of this group were affected by Kent's bundle with type B @entity5 and the same number suffered from the same syndrome caused by occult bundle. @entity0 in the first subgroup showed an antero-septal, transitional and left ventricular orientation of Kent's bundle, with the onset of 2 cases of orthodromic and antidromic reciprocal rhythm respectively and 1 case of @entity3 . The refractory nature of the anomalous pathway was not very high in 2 cases, equal to 60 milliseconds and 240 milliseconds with the proposed ablation of the anomalous bundle.

title: [Ventricular pre-excitation in XXXX in the aged].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The main goals of this study were (1) to carry out a retrospective study of the prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmurs, which are considered to clinically reflect the presence of @entity1 , in the 6 small @entity0 breeds most popular in France, i.e., Yorkshire Terrier, Bichon Maltese, Dachshund, Poodle, Lhassa Apso and Shi Tzu and (2) to compare the results with those obtained in a recent report published by our group on @entity1 in 451 CKC. BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been extensively studied in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKC) but seldom studied and compared in other small-breed @entity0 . The first clinical sign of @entity1 is the early appearance of a left apical systolic heart murmur. ANIMALS: Nine hundred and forty-two adult @entity0 were included in the present study (mean+/-SD, age=6.5+/-4.4 years, weight=6.2+/-2.6kg). RESULTS: The average total prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmur was 14.4% compared with 40.6% in CKC. It was significantly more prevalent in males (18.5%) than in females (9.8%). Shi Tzu and Dachshunds were the most affected breeds investigated. Most (81%) of the @entity0 with left apical systolic murmur were classified in ISACHC @entity2 class I. CONCLUSION: This large retrospective study suggests that the prevalence of @entity1 is higher in CKC than in the 6 small breeds investigated. Moreover, most of the @entity0 do not develop @entity2 .

title: Retrospective study of 942 small-sized @entity0 : Prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmur and XXXX , critical effects of breed and sex.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The main goals of this study were (1) to carry out a retrospective study of the prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmurs, which are considered to clinically reflect the presence of @entity1 , in the 6 small @entity0 breeds most popular in France, i.e., Yorkshire Terrier, Bichon Maltese, Dachshund, Poodle, Lhassa Apso and Shi Tzu and (2) to compare the results with those obtained in a recent report published by our group on @entity1 in 451 CKC. BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been extensively studied in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKC) but seldom studied and compared in other small-breed @entity0 . The first clinical sign of @entity1 is the early appearance of a left apical systolic heart murmur. ANIMALS: Nine hundred and forty-two adult @entity0 were included in the present study (mean+/-SD, age=6.5+/-4.4 years, weight=6.2+/-2.6kg). RESULTS: The average total prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmur was 14.4% compared with 40.6% in CKC. It was significantly more prevalent in males (18.5%) than in females (9.8%). Shi Tzu and Dachshunds were the most affected breeds investigated. Most (81%) of the @entity0 with left apical systolic murmur were classified in ISACHC @entity2 class I. CONCLUSION: This large retrospective study suggests that the prevalence of @entity1 is higher in CKC than in the 6 small breeds investigated. Moreover, most of the @entity0 do not develop @entity2 .

title: Retrospective study of 942 small-sized XXXX : Prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmur and @entity2 , critical effects of breed and sex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The relationship between @entity0 and @entity1 is complex and poorly understood. A developing body of information suggests that metabolic factors related to the @entity0 state are importantly involved. The pertinent observations include: (1) Diet influences sympathetic nervous system activity. Fasting suppresses, while @entity4 and fat feeding stimulate, sympathetic activity. (2) Dietary-induced changes in sympathetic activity contribute to the changes in metabolic rate that accompany changes in dietary intake. (3) @entity5 -mediated @entity2 metabolism in the hypothalamus provides a link between dietary intake and sympathetic nervous system activity. And (4) @entity6 , a consequence of @entity5 resistance in the @entity0 , is associated with @entity1 . These observations have suggested the following hypothesis. @entity6 results in sympathetic stimulation which drives thermogenic mechanisms, thereby increasing metabolic rate. The net result is a restoration of energy balance at the expense of @entity6 and increased sympathetic activity. @entity1 is thus the unfortunate consequence of @entity6 , which increases renal @entity3 reabsorption, and sympathetic stimulation of the heart, kidney, and vasculature. The data on which this hypothesis is constructed are reviewed and the implications discussed.

title: @entity0 , metabolism, and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The relationship between @entity0 and @entity1 is complex and poorly understood. A developing body of information suggests that metabolic factors related to the @entity0 state are importantly involved. The pertinent observations include: (1) Diet influences sympathetic nervous system activity. Fasting suppresses, while @entity4 and fat feeding stimulate, sympathetic activity. (2) Dietary-induced changes in sympathetic activity contribute to the changes in metabolic rate that accompany changes in dietary intake. (3) @entity5 -mediated @entity2 metabolism in the hypothalamus provides a link between dietary intake and sympathetic nervous system activity. And (4) @entity6 , a consequence of @entity5 resistance in the @entity0 , is associated with @entity1 . These observations have suggested the following hypothesis. @entity6 results in sympathetic stimulation which drives thermogenic mechanisms, thereby increasing metabolic rate. The net result is a restoration of energy balance at the expense of @entity6 and increased sympathetic activity. @entity1 is thus the unfortunate consequence of @entity6 , which increases renal @entity3 reabsorption, and sympathetic stimulation of the heart, kidney, and vasculature. The data on which this hypothesis is constructed are reviewed and the implications discussed.

title: XXXX , metabolism, and @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is persistent in the environment and toxic to wildlife. Legal mandates necessitate that a risk assessments be performed for @entity2 by the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This hazard identification (hazard ID) compared critical no-observed effect levels (NOEL) for acute, subchronic and chronic exposure intervals between the agencies. NOELs were discussed in light of their application to numerous exposure scenarios (occupational, general population and dietary). Only the acute oral NOELs differed between @entity4 (0.7 mg/kg/day) and USEPA (1.5 mg/kg/day). Pregnant @entity1 were considered by @entity4 to be more responsive to low gavage doses of @entity2 than non-pregnant female or male @entity0 in the acute study selected by USEPA. NOELs for other exposure routes and durations were similar between agencies. @entity4 and USEPA concurred that a Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA, 1996) Safety Factor is not needed after evaluating all studies including a Developmental @entity3 study. The SF was reduced to 1x. NOELs generated from this hazard ID will be used to calculate the Margins of Exposure for all scenarios and subsequently the risk characterization for @entity2 .

title: Human health risk assessment of XXXX . I: Toxicology and hazard identification.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the present study, we examined the antiatherosclerotic effects of 3 edible mushrooms, Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji), in @entity2 -susceptible C57BL/6J, @entity4 -deficient ( @entity4 (-/-)) @entity0 . Male @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 (6 weeks of age) were fed a normal diet ( @entity1 concentration <66 mg/100 g) or a normal diet containing 3% dried Eringi, Maitake, or Bunashimeji mushroom powder for 10 weeks. Food intake, body weight, serum total @entity1 (TC), and serum @entity3 (TG) were measured periodically during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment (at 16 weeks of age), the @entity2 area was measured in cross-sections of the aortic root. Serum TC concentrations in the Bunashimeji group were significantly lower than that in the control group at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks of age. Serum TC concentrations in the Eringi, and Maitake groups were significantly lower than that in the control group only at 12 weeks of age. There was no significant difference in the serum TG concentrations in all groups during the experimental period. The @entity2 were significantly decreased in the Eringi, Maitake, and Bunashimeji groups than that in the control group at the end of the experiment. Dietary supplementation with the Bunashimeji mushroom powder had the strongest antiatherosclerotic effect among 3 mushrooms. In conclusion, supplementation of the 3 edible mushrooms prevents the development of @entity2 , even normal diet. Antiatherosclerotic effect is partly via lowering of serum TC concentrations; further mechanisms should be investigated.

title: Antiatherosclerotic effect of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji) in XXXX -deficient @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In the present study, we examined the antiatherosclerotic effects of 3 edible mushrooms, Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji), in @entity2 -susceptible C57BL/6J, @entity4 -deficient ( @entity4 (-/-)) @entity0 . Male @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 (6 weeks of age) were fed a normal diet ( @entity1 concentration <66 mg/100 g) or a normal diet containing 3% dried Eringi, Maitake, or Bunashimeji mushroom powder for 10 weeks. Food intake, body weight, serum total @entity1 (TC), and serum @entity3 (TG) were measured periodically during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment (at 16 weeks of age), the @entity2 area was measured in cross-sections of the aortic root. Serum TC concentrations in the Bunashimeji group were significantly lower than that in the control group at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks of age. Serum TC concentrations in the Eringi, and Maitake groups were significantly lower than that in the control group only at 12 weeks of age. There was no significant difference in the serum TG concentrations in all groups during the experimental period. The @entity2 were significantly decreased in the Eringi, Maitake, and Bunashimeji groups than that in the control group at the end of the experiment. Dietary supplementation with the Bunashimeji mushroom powder had the strongest antiatherosclerotic effect among 3 mushrooms. In conclusion, supplementation of the 3 edible mushrooms prevents the development of @entity2 , even normal diet. Antiatherosclerotic effect is partly via lowering of serum TC concentrations; further mechanisms should be investigated.

title: Antiatherosclerotic effect of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji) in @entity4 -deficient XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curettage of @entity1 commonly results in significant @entity3 that are reconstructed with autologous grafts, allografts, bone cement or bone substitute. We have treated such defects in the talus without reconstruction with bone or any other material. We now report the healing of these ungrafted defects in eight @entity0 treated with curettage for @entity1 . METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity0 were reviewed retrospectively at a mean follow-up of 82 months (range: 28-180 months). Mean age was 21.7 years (range: 12.3-31.3 years) and mean defect size was 16.5 cm(3) (range: 3.5-48 cm(3)). Outcome measures included time to radiological consolidation, @entity4 and stiffness, @entity7 , and tibiotalar joint @entity6 . RESULTS: Full consolidation of the defect occurred within 6-12 months in all @entity0 . One @entity0 had minor discomfort over the scar, but there was no ankle joint @entity4 . Two @entity0 had some ankle stiffness, although one had established @entity8 prior to surgery. No @entity7 , @entity5 or new significant @entity6 of the ankle was observed. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that bone grafting is not a necessary adjunct to the curettage of @entity2 .

title: Healing of ungrafted @entity3 of the talus after XXXX removal.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curettage of @entity1 commonly results in significant @entity3 that are reconstructed with autologous grafts, allografts, bone cement or bone substitute. We have treated such defects in the talus without reconstruction with bone or any other material. We now report the healing of these ungrafted defects in eight @entity0 treated with curettage for @entity1 . METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity0 were reviewed retrospectively at a mean follow-up of 82 months (range: 28-180 months). Mean age was 21.7 years (range: 12.3-31.3 years) and mean defect size was 16.5 cm(3) (range: 3.5-48 cm(3)). Outcome measures included time to radiological consolidation, @entity4 and stiffness, @entity7 , and tibiotalar joint @entity6 . RESULTS: Full consolidation of the defect occurred within 6-12 months in all @entity0 . One @entity0 had minor discomfort over the scar, but there was no ankle joint @entity4 . Two @entity0 had some ankle stiffness, although one had established @entity8 prior to surgery. No @entity7 , @entity5 or new significant @entity6 of the ankle was observed. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that bone grafting is not a necessary adjunct to the curettage of @entity2 .

title: Healing of ungrafted XXXX of the talus after @entity1 removal.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Gastrointestinal causes of @entity5 occur at all ages but are more common at the extremes of life. In the elderly quite significant disease may be present without observable symptoms and signs. Two cases of unexpected deaths due to small intestinal obstruction from unusual occult @entity4 are reported. Case 1: an 84-year-old @entity0 was found dead lying in bed at her home address. @entity2 was caused by intestinal herniation through a defect created by the greater omentum that had adhered to an area of @entity1 associated with underlying acute @entity6 of the jejunum. Case 2: an 83-year-old @entity0 was found dead lying on the kitchen floor at her home address. @entity2 was caused by herniation of a portion of small intestine into a direct inguinal hernial sac that was occupied by an acutely inflamed appendix. These cases demonstrate two uncommon causes of intestinal herniation associated with fatal outcomes. The underlying lethal @entity3 in both @entity0 was only identified at autopsy. As mechanisms of @entity2 in such cases may involve quite complex sequences of events, careful stepwise dissection of the intraperitoneal contents may be required to enable the accurate demonstration of underlying anatomical abnormalities that have led to fatal outcomes.

title: Unusual gastrointestinal causes of unexpected XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Substantial progress has been made in detecting cell surface or intracytoplasmatic antigens to identify @entity1 cells with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The 17-1A antigen is already used as a target for specific immunotherapy in @entity2 . The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of 17-1A antigen in @entity0 . MAb against the @entity5 and a routine staining technique were used to detect the 17-1A antigen in 100 cases of colorectal and 111 cases of @entity0 . The antigen expression of each @entity1 entity was examined by light microscopy on paraffin sections. Thirty six of the @entity3 -fixed paraffin sections of @entity0 were compared with their corresponding frozen sections. Evaluation was realized by a histological score (grade 0-9) considering the distribution and the staining intensity. We found an antigen expression of 17-1A in @entity2 quantified at 7.1+/-1.8 and at 4.5+/-2.5 for @entity0 in our score. Comparing paraffin sections and frozen sections in the 36 cases of @entity0 , the score was 5.5+/-2.3 in the paraffin and 8.1+/-1.9 in the frozen section group. Our results confirmed the high expression of 17-1A cases of in @entity2 . Furthermore, 17-1A is expressed in the majority of @entity0 , revealing a high difference between @entity4 and frozen sections. As a result, a specific immunotherapy with MAbs against 17-1A antigen in minimal residual stages of @entity0 might be considered.

title: Detection of surface antigen 17-1A in breast and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the criteria for intraoperative blood flow measurements taken at the time of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) construction to predict future access maturation and thereby avoid waiting periods for futile @entity6 to declare themselves. METHODS: From April 2006 through to March 2007 consecutive @entity0 undergoing native @entity7 construction at one institution underwent intraoperative measurements of blood flow using transit-time ultrasound technology. No action was taken based upon the flow measurement at the time of surgery. @entity0 were followed and data collected comprising demographics and @entity7 maturation. A @entity6 was considered mature when it was successfully accessed for hemodialysis (HD) at least three times. Statistical analysis was performed including receiver operating characteristics (ROC), ANOVA, and Chi square using the JMP software package. RESULTS: During the 12-month period, 70 autologous AVFs were created including 41 antecubital brachiocephalic, 21 radiocephalic, and 8 basilic vein transpositions in 35 females and 33 males with a mean age of 58+/-1.7 (mean+/-SEM). The group included 37 Hispanic, 17 Native American, 10 Caucasian, 3 African American and 1 Asian @entity0 . The etiology of @entity5 comprised 53 @entity1 , 13 @entity3 , 1 @entity2 and 1 @entity4 . Complete follow-up was available in 69/70 AVFs in 67 @entity0 . @entity0 were excluded from analysis if they had not yet started dialysis (n=12), stopped or died (n=4) before their @entity6 was accessed. @entity0 whose AVFs were patent, but required a secondary procedure to achieve a functional access were considered non-functional. There was a significant difference between the maximal intraoperative flow rates between functional and non-functional AVFs (573.6+/-103 mL/min vs. 216.8+/-35.8 mL/min; p<0.05). There was no difference between groups in regard to age, gender, race or etiology of @entity5 . ROC analysis suggested a threshold value of 140 mL/min for radiocephalic and 308 mL/min for brachiocephalic AVFs to predict maturation to a functional access. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative blood flow measurements obtained at the time of autologous @entity7 construction can identify @entity6 that are unlikely to mature; and therefore, that require immediate revision or abandonment which will ultimately expedite the establishment of a useful access in the HD @entity0 . This is the first study to establish the minimal flow values uniquely needed for both radial artery and brachial artery AVFs to expect primary maturation to a functional access.

title: Predicting XXXX maturation with intraoperative blood flow measurements.

answer: @entity7


abstract: 1. Endoscopic staging of peptic @entity1 lesions according to Sakita will be a methodological improvement in therapeutic trials provided that the correlation between stages and the time spent in treatment is proved valid. 2. We describe a double-blind controlled randomized trial carried out to determine the efficacy of @entity2 in @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 in the H stage of Sakita endoscopic staging. Fifty-two @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 (H stage) were randomly allocated to receive either 400 mg @entity2 twice daily (N = 26), or placebo (N = 26) for two weeks; @entity0 with unhealed ulcers continued the same treatment for an additional week. 3. Of the @entity2 -treated @entity0 , 19 (73%) were healed after two weeks and 23 (88.5%) after three weeks of treatment, and of the placebo-treated @entity0 , 8 (31%) were healed after two and 13 (50%) after three weeks. 4. These differences indicate a natural tendency of the H stage lesions to heal faster than reported for the active (stage A) lesions and still faster if treated with @entity2 . These findings, by establishing a relationship between the @entity1 stage and the time spent in treatment, may help the physician to treat duodenal @entity1 @entity0 and will enable the adoption of an important, uniform criterion for selection of duodenal @entity1 @entity0 for therapeutic trials, especially in multicenter trials.

title: Relationship between Sakita endoscopic stage and duration of treatment for duodenal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to validate the 2005-2006 National Institutes of Health (NIH) scale for @entity0 's self-reporting and clinical manifestations of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Numerical parameters of the NIH scale were analyzed for their construct validity (correlation of the NIH scale with numerical rating scale [NRS] for @entity1 ) and internal consistency reliability (correlation between different parameters of the same scale). Categoric parameters were analyzed by comparison between severity subgroups defined by the oral manifestation (lichenoid/erythema/ @entity2 ). Analysis included data of 75 evaluations. The total NIH score and the NRS for @entity1 were found to be moderately correlated (r=0.449). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .718. Strong correlations were found between the total NIH score and both erythema and @entity2 scores (r=0.746 and r=0.926, respectively). The difference between the 2 "severe" subgroups (ie, lichenoid and erythema/ @entity2 ) was significant (P=.025). The difference between the moderate-erythema/ @entity2 subgroup and the severe-lichenoid subgroup was nonsignificant (total NIH score and NRS for @entity1 : P=.276 and .291, respectively). The correlation between the total NIH score and the NRS for @entity1 is only moderate. The internal consistency reliability analysis yielded good reliability, especially for erythema and @entity2 . Analysis of categoric parameters suggests that the NIH scale disproportionately differentiates between moderate-erythema/ @entity2 and severe-lichenoid @entity3 .

title: Validation of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) scale for @entity3 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to validate the 2005-2006 National Institutes of Health (NIH) scale for @entity0 's self-reporting and clinical manifestations of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Numerical parameters of the NIH scale were analyzed for their construct validity (correlation of the NIH scale with numerical rating scale [NRS] for @entity1 ) and internal consistency reliability (correlation between different parameters of the same scale). Categoric parameters were analyzed by comparison between severity subgroups defined by the oral manifestation (lichenoid/erythema/ @entity2 ). Analysis included data of 75 evaluations. The total NIH score and the NRS for @entity1 were found to be moderately correlated (r=0.449). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .718. Strong correlations were found between the total NIH score and both erythema and @entity2 scores (r=0.746 and r=0.926, respectively). The difference between the 2 "severe" subgroups (ie, lichenoid and erythema/ @entity2 ) was significant (P=.025). The difference between the moderate-erythema/ @entity2 subgroup and the severe-lichenoid subgroup was nonsignificant (total NIH score and NRS for @entity1 : P=.276 and .291, respectively). The correlation between the total NIH score and the NRS for @entity1 is only moderate. The internal consistency reliability analysis yielded good reliability, especially for erythema and @entity2 . Analysis of categoric parameters suggests that the NIH scale disproportionately differentiates between moderate-erythema/ @entity2 and severe-lichenoid @entity3 .

title: Validation of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) scale for XXXX ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity3