abstract: BACKGROUND: Preventive programs for individuals who have high lifetime risks of @entity2 may reduce disease morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that are associated with @entity2 and to monitor the effects of tailored surveillance. In particular, @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), have an increased risk to develop @entity2 at an early age. The syndrome is explained by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, and there is a need for diagnostic tools to preselect @entity0 for genetic testing to diagnose those with @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 (n = 112) from 285 families who were counseled between 1990 and 2005 at a clinic for @entity0 at high risk for @entity2 were selected for screening to detect mutations in MMR genes @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity10 based on family history, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and immunohistochemical analysis of MMR protein expression. @entity1 were also screened for @entity4 @entity9 mutations; @entity0 with the mutation were considered as non- @entity2 . RESULTS: Among the 112 @entity0 who were selected for screening, 69 had germline MMR mutations (58 pathogenic and 11 of unknown biologic relevance). Sixteen of the 69 mutations (23%) were missense mutations. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , pathogenic MMR mutations were found in 38 of 43 (88%) of @entity0 in families who met Amsterdam criteria and in 13 of 22 (59%) of @entity0 in families who did not. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , pathogenic MMR mutations were found in 5 of 17 (29%) of families meeting Amsterdam criteria and in 1 of 30 (3%) of non-Amsterdam families with one @entity0 younger than age 50 years. In three @entity0 with @entity1 who had pathogenic mutations in @entity8 or @entity7 , immunohistochemistry showed loss of the mutated protein. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that missense MMR gene mutations are common in @entity2 and that germline MMR mutations are also found in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: @entity5 ( XXXX ) diagnostics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preventive programs for individuals who have high lifetime risks of @entity2 may reduce disease morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that are associated with @entity2 and to monitor the effects of tailored surveillance. In particular, @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), have an increased risk to develop @entity2 at an early age. The syndrome is explained by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, and there is a need for diagnostic tools to preselect @entity0 for genetic testing to diagnose those with @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 (n = 112) from 285 families who were counseled between 1990 and 2005 at a clinic for @entity0 at high risk for @entity2 were selected for screening to detect mutations in MMR genes @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity10 based on family history, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and immunohistochemical analysis of MMR protein expression. @entity1 were also screened for @entity4 @entity9 mutations; @entity0 with the mutation were considered as non- @entity2 . RESULTS: Among the 112 @entity0 who were selected for screening, 69 had germline MMR mutations (58 pathogenic and 11 of unknown biologic relevance). Sixteen of the 69 mutations (23%) were missense mutations. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , pathogenic MMR mutations were found in 38 of 43 (88%) of @entity0 in families who met Amsterdam criteria and in 13 of 22 (59%) of @entity0 in families who did not. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , pathogenic MMR mutations were found in 5 of 17 (29%) of families meeting Amsterdam criteria and in 1 of 30 (3%) of non-Amsterdam families with one @entity0 younger than age 50 years. In three @entity0 with @entity1 who had pathogenic mutations in @entity8 or @entity7 , immunohistochemistry showed loss of the mutated protein. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that missense MMR gene mutations are common in @entity2 and that germline MMR mutations are also found in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: XXXX ( @entity2 ) diagnostics.

answer: @entity5


abstract: RhoE, a @entity6 , is constitutively @entity5 bound within the cell and can regulate actin cytoskeleton reorganization, leading to the appearance of aggregates of actin filaments. Although emerging evidence suggests that RhoE is causally involved in @entity2 formation and progression, little is known about its significance in solid @entity2 , including @entity1 . In the present study, the expression of RhoE was analyzed using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot in 30 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Then the correlation of RhoE overexpression with clinical parameters was evaluated. Furthermore, the possible reasons contributing to the RhoE expression were examined by real-time genomic PCR and mutation analysis on DNA sequence and cDNA sequence. Our results revealed that RhoE expression was dramatically @entity1 tissues compared with adjacent nontumoral lung tissues (p <0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed a strong cytoplasmic staining in @entity2 cells compared with positive membrane staining in adjacent nontumoral proliferative alveolar epitheliums. Moreover, the overexpression of RhoE was significantly associated with the @entity0 ' smoking history (p <0.05). 72% @entity2 tissues displayed DNA copy number changes based on the DNA levels in the matched adjacent nontumoral lung tissues and this copy number changes correlated significantly with RhoE expression and smoking history (p <0.05). Three polymorphisms were identified but no correlation was found with the clinicopathological features. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that overexpression of RhoE correlated with smoking and DNA copy number changes, suggesting that RhoE may serve as a molecular marker to identify high-risk individuals and assist in the identification of additional pathways of @entity3 .

title: Overexpression of RhoE in @entity4 ( XXXX ) is associated with smoking and correlates with DNA copy number changes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: RhoE, a @entity6 , is constitutively @entity5 bound within the cell and can regulate actin cytoskeleton reorganization, leading to the appearance of aggregates of actin filaments. Although emerging evidence suggests that RhoE is causally involved in @entity2 formation and progression, little is known about its significance in solid @entity2 , including @entity1 . In the present study, the expression of RhoE was analyzed using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot in 30 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Then the correlation of RhoE overexpression with clinical parameters was evaluated. Furthermore, the possible reasons contributing to the RhoE expression were examined by real-time genomic PCR and mutation analysis on DNA sequence and cDNA sequence. Our results revealed that RhoE expression was dramatically @entity1 tissues compared with adjacent nontumoral lung tissues (p <0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed a strong cytoplasmic staining in @entity2 cells compared with positive membrane staining in adjacent nontumoral proliferative alveolar epitheliums. Moreover, the overexpression of RhoE was significantly associated with the @entity0 ' smoking history (p <0.05). 72% @entity2 tissues displayed DNA copy number changes based on the DNA levels in the matched adjacent nontumoral lung tissues and this copy number changes correlated significantly with RhoE expression and smoking history (p <0.05). Three polymorphisms were identified but no correlation was found with the clinicopathological features. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that overexpression of RhoE correlated with smoking and DNA copy number changes, suggesting that RhoE may serve as a molecular marker to identify high-risk individuals and assist in the identification of additional pathways of @entity3 .

title: Overexpression of RhoE in XXXX ( @entity4 ) is associated with smoking and correlates with DNA copy number changes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONTEXT: Deficits in static postural control related to @entity1 have been investigated previously, but there is little evidence to link @entity1 to performance measures of dynamic postural control. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity1 and gender on performance measures of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). DESIGN: Mixed-model design. SETTING: Research laboratory. @entity0 : 16 healthy young adults. INTERVENTION: Subjects performed the SEBT before and after 4 different fatiguing conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The normalized reach distances and sagittal-plane kinematics of the knee and hip were recorded. RESULTS: Fatigue produced deficits in normalized reach distances and decreased knee flexion in all 3 reaching directions. Overall, @entity0 were able to reach farther than @entity0 while simultaneously demonstrating a greater amount of knee flexion. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences were observed during performance of the SEBT, with @entity0 demonstrating greater reach distances and knee flexion, and @entity1 amplified these differences.

title: The effects of gender and XXXX on dynamic postural control.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the potential benefit of perioperative and short-term postoperative low-level laser (LLL) therapy on objective and subjective @entity6 after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy surgery. METHODS: Six consecutive @entity0 undergoing bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedures were enrolled in this prospective study. A complete preoperative clinical neurosensory test, consisting of @entity2 directional discrimination, 2-point discrimination, contact detection, pin prick nociception, and thermal discrimination, was performed on each @entity0 ; and a subjective assessment of neurosensory function was made by using a visual analog scale (VAS). The protocol for LLL treatments consisted of real LLL (4 x 6 J per treatment) along the distribution of the @entity3 at 4 sites, for a total of 7 treatments, delivered immediately before surgery; at 6 and 24 hours after surgery; and on postoperative days 2, 3, 4, and 7. The clinical neurosensory test and VAS were completed just before each of the treatment sessions and on days 14 and 28, by one examiner. RESULTS: When the results of the @entity0 treated with LLL were compared with published values for @entity6 after orthognathic surgery, there was a significant acceleration in the time course, as well as in the magnitude, of @entity5 . @entity2 directional discrimination approached normal values by 14 days, whereas 2-point discrimination and contact detection showed significant improvement at 14 days and returned to near-normal values by 2 months. The results of thermal discrimination and pin prick nociception revealed few @entity1 ; however, those @entity0 who were affected showed a slower recovery trend and remained @entity4 for up to 2 months. The VAS analysis revealed a rapidly progressive improvement in subjective assessment, showing a 50% deficit at 2 days and only a 15% subjective deficit at 2 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity6 after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedures can be significantly improved, both in terms of time course and magnitude of return of function, with the adjunctive use of LLL therapy.

title: Low-level laser effect on XXXX after sagittal ramus osteotomy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity0 with diffuse @entity7 ( @entity8 ). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of all @entity0 (n = 16) with @entity7 seen at Yale New Haven Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, and St. Michael's Hospital. Up-to-date follow-up information was obtained in all living @entity0 . RESULTS: All @entity0 were severely @entity5 . @entity2 ( @entity3 or @entity6 ) had occurred in 70% of @entity0 by the time of diagnosis. During the follow-up period (mean, 6 years), three @entity0 died and two others developed new @entity2 . One of the @entity4 occurred perioperatively during lung transplantation. All @entity0 underwent transcatheter embolotherapy of any large pulmonary @entity8 . A selected group underwent pulmonary flow redistribution, a novel technique. Oxygenation did not improve significantly with embolotherapy of the larger @entity8 , but there was a small significant improvement in those @entity0 who underwent pulmonary flow redistribution. The majority (85%) of the living @entity0 are currently working or studying full-time. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity7 are at increased risk of @entity2 . Transcatheter embolotherapy does not significantly improve the profound @entity5 , but it may reduce the risk of @entity2 . Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for bacteremic procedures to prevent @entity6 . These @entity0 can live for many years and lead productive lives. We do not recommend lung transplantation because survival with disease is difficult to predict and we have observed a perioperative @entity1 .

title: Diffuse XXXX : characteristics and prognosis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A 15-year-old female was diagnosed in 1980 as having @entity3 ( @entity3 ) due to @entity1 based on Rosenberg and Patterson's criteria for the disease. The @entity0 is the eldest daughter of a family of domestic brewers of soy sauce and bean paste in a small village, an occupation unique to Japan. The brewing process involved the use of @entity4 as a fermenting agent. The @entity0 had experienced episodic wheezing and pulmonary infiltrates during the same seasons in the previous three years, corresponding to the time of the highest A oryzae spore concentrations in the living area, suggesting high exposure to the @entity4 spores in the aetiology of her exacerbations. She had a prominent family history of atopy and was demonstrated to be sensitive to a variety of aeroallergens in addition to A fumigatus. She was treated effectively by bronchial toiletting via broncho-fibrescope and theophylline medication until April 1981, when she moved to another city. During her life there, chest X-rays repeatedly showed abnormal shadows, and she was treated with inhalations of @entity2 and bronchial toiletting several times at a hospital. She returned to her home town after seven years in April 1988 and visited the hospital to check her condition. Although she had been away from heavy exposure to A oryzae spores for seven years, precipitins to the culture medium of A oryzae were demonstrated to be far more prominent than those to A fumigatus antigen. Although her family had been exposed to A oryzae spores continuously, the @entity0 was the only family member with @entity3 due to A fumigatus and possibly due to A oryzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A case of occupational XXXX unique to Japan.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is potentially lethal, and surgical treatment is often required. CSF leak repair is an infrequently performed procedure, and only limited information is available on the long term success of the surgical techniques that are used. This retrospective chart review includes 95 @entity0 who underwent various types of repair surgery for CSF @entity2 at the Mayo Clinic. The purpose of this study was to extract factors such as the choice of sealing material, etiology, location of defect(s), surgical approach, and previous procedures, and to analyze their association with the long term success and failure of surgical repair. The mean time interval in this study between unsuccessful surgery and recurrence was 50.8 months, and the mean follow-up 109 months. Among the various approaches, defects repaired endonasally had the lowest recurrence rate. Local nasal mucosa advancement flaps failed more frequently (83.3% failure) than other types of graft material (p = 0.023). These failures took place in a delayed fashion (mean interval until failure: 80 months). @entity1 (22.2% recurrence rate) and free graft material (15.6% recurrence rate) had the best outcome. The use of fibrin glue to fixate free grafts did not improve the result in this series. Transcranial procedures were associated with a higher complication rate than extracranial procedures (12.9% versus 3.2%). Overall, successful repair was achieved in 91.6% of the @entity0 . We discourage the use of mucosa advancement flaps and advocate free grafts or pedicled osteomucoperiosteal or chondro-mucoperichondrial flaps as sealing material of choice in the majority of cases. The occurrence of delayed failure has to be considered when evaluating reports of CSF @entity2 after surgical repair.

title: CSF XXXX : 95 consecutive surgical cases with long term follow-up at the Mayo Clinic.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Isolating carriers of multidrug-resistant (MDR) @entity1 is the main measure to prevent its spread. Identification of carriers accompanied by contact precautions is essential. We aimed to determine the appropriate surveillance sampling sites and the duration of carriage of MDR A. baumannii. We studied prospectively two groups of @entity0 from whom MDR A. baumannii was previously isolated: (i) those with recent clinical isolation (<or=10 days) and (ii) those with remote clinical isolation (>or=6 months). Screening for carriage was conducted from six sites: nostrils, pharynx, skin, rectum, wounds, and endotracheal aspirates. Strains recovered concurrently from different sites were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Twelve of 22 with recent clinical isolation of MDR A. baumannii had >or=1 positive screening culture, resulting in a sensitivity of 55% when six body sites were sampled. Sensitivities of single sites ranged from 13.5% to 29%. Among 30 @entity0 with remote clinical isolation, screening cultures were positive in 5 (17%), with a mean duration of 17.5 months from the last clinical culture. Remote carriers had positive screening cultures from the skin and pharynx but not from nose, rectum, wounds, or endotracheal aspirates. Eleven strains from five @entity0 were genotyped. In all but one case, isolates from different sites in a given @entity0 were clonal. Current methodology is suboptimal to detect MDR A. baumannii carriage. The sensitivity of surveillance cultures is low, even when six different body sites are sampled. The proportion of individuals with previous MDR A. baumannii isolation who remain carriers for prolonged periods is substantial. These data should be considered when designing measures to limit the spread of MDR A. baumannii.

title: Surveillance cultures and duration of carriage of multidrug-resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is often diagnosed by the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The latter has several limitations with regard to its sensitivity and specificity. It may be positive in @entity0 with prior bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) vaccination or exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria. False negative @entity3 results frequently occur in @entity0 with @entity2 . Therefore @entity3 results have to be interpreted taking into consideration the pretest risk of @entity4 or reactivation. Recently, interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) were introduced for the diagnosis of @entity6 . These include the @entity5 and the QuantiFERON((R))-TB Gold tests.These tests measure interferon gamma released in response to T-cell stimulation by specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. These tests have been shown to be more specific than the @entity3 as they are not affected by BCG vaccination. Their sensitivity was similar to that of the @entity3 and in some studies they correlated better with the degree of exposure. In immune-compromised @entity0 their sensitivity was better than that of the @entity3 . IGRA tests were shown to have better predictive value for the development of @entity1 among individuals with @entity6 . These tests are expensive. Their most cost-effective utilization is as confirmatory tests in @entity0 with positive @entity3 results, particularly in areas with high rates of BCG vaccination.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX : Can we do better?

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The possibility of bladder preservation as well as the utility of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive @entity1 are controversial issues. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of neo-adjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy and bladder preservation in @entity0 with locally advanced transitional cell @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Eighty-seven consecutive evaluable @entity0 with T2-T4aNxM0 TCC of the bladder were treated with three cycles of neo-adjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy. After three cycles of M-VAC, 42 @entity0 had TURB alone, 13 @entity0 underwent partial cystectomy, and 32 @entity0 were to undergo radical cystectomy. RESULTS: Forty (51%) @entity0 were T0 at the TURB following M-VAC. Thirty (71%) @entity0 who had chemotherapy and TURB alone are alive; at a median follow-up of 54+ months (8(+)-109+). Twenty-four (57%) have maintained an intact bladder. Of 13 responding @entity0 with monofocal lesions who underwent partial cystectomy, 8 @entity0 (62%) are alive with a functioning bladder, at a median follow-up of 80+ months (16-107+ months). At a follow-up of 32 months (7-121+ months), 20 (63%) @entity0 in the radical cystectomy group are alive. In @entity0 who had downstaging to T0 or superficial disease, median follow-up is 55 months (10-121+ months) and five-year survival is 71%. @entity0 who failed to respond (T2 or greater after chemotherapy), at a median follow-up of 24 months (7-103+ months), had five-year survival of only 29%. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder sparing in selected @entity0 on the basis of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is a feasible approach which must be confirmed in prospective randomized trials.

title: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and bladder preservation in locally advanced transitional cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Staging laparotomy and splenectomy were routinely performed in @entity0 with early-stage @entity2 ( @entity2 ) qualifying for radiotherapy alone to determine the exact extent of disease. However, staging laparotomy is associated with a considerable number of side effects, warranting more sophisticated diagnostic procedures and new therapy strategies. We retrospectively analyzed @entity0 undergoing staging laparotomy to identify pretherapy risk factors predicting the probability of @entity3 and to define high-risk groups that might benefit from staging laparotomy and subsequent stage-adjusted treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between February 1988 and January 1993, 391 @entity0 with CS I-II supradiaphragmatic @entity2 underwent staging laparotomy and splenectomy according to the treatment policy of the German @entity2 Study Group (GHSG) for early stages of @entity2 . Univariate and multivariate analysis of pretherapeutic clinical characteristics were performed in an attempt to predict staging laparotomy results and to identify risk groups. RESULTS: Of the 391 @entity0 , 81 (21%) had @entity1 . Eighteen percent were upstaged to PS III and three percent to PS IV. By a multivariate model the following parameters were independent risk factors for positive surgical staging: left cervical involvement (P < 0.001), mediastinal involvement (P < 0.009), Karnofsky performance status (P < 0.004) and histology (P < 0.04). In our analysis gender (P < 0.08) and ESR (P < 0.06), often described as of high prognostic value, was not significant. The presence of systemic symptoms, number of involved areas and clinical stage were not associated with @entity3 , as described in several former publications. To define high-risk groups, which comprise at least 15% of @entity0 of the cohort and have a risk of subdiaphragmatic involvement of > 35%, combinations of only two or three of the predictive factors were analyzed. With respect to these criteria the following subgroups of @entity0 were identified as having a high risk for @entity1 (> 35%): a) left cervical lymph node involvement and no mediastinal involvement (n = 98, observed risk 36%); b) no mediastinal involvement and MC/LD histology (n = 113, observed risk 40%). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that initial clinical characteristics are predictive for occult abdominal involvement in early clinical stages of @entity2 . The impact of these risk factors on future therapeutical strategies have to be evaluated.

title: Prognostic factors for subdiaphragmatic involvement in clinical stage I-II supradiaphragmatic XXXX : a retrospective analysis of the GHSG.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features and complications of @entity1 , @entity2 , and number of repeat treatments after panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative @entity1 in a tertiary care center. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted with data collection from medical records of @entity0 undergoing panretinal photocoagulation between 1985 and 1995 at the Scheie Eye Institute; 297 eyes of 186 @entity0 were eligible for study. RESULTS: The presence of neovascularization of the disk at baseline, an earlier onset of @entity1 , and a shorter duration of disease before panretinal photocoagulation were the strongest risk factors for needing an additional panretinal photocoagulation treatment. Sixty-two percent of eyes with poor @entity2 (< or =20/200) at baseline still had poor @entity2 at 1 year, and 76% with good @entity2 (> or =20/40) at baseline maintained good @entity2 at 1 year. Poor vision at baseline was the only risk factor for having poor vision at 1 year. @entity3 was present in 44% of eyes at baseline. New @entity3 developed in 37% of eyes during the first year after panretinal photocoagulation. A traction @entity4 was present in 4% of eyes at baseline and newly developed in 6% of eyes during follow-up. A repeat panretinal photocoagulation treatment was performed in 39% of eyes after initial treatment. A vitrectomy was performed in 10% of eyes from baseline through the 1-year follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this study are useful for counseling @entity0 with respect to likely visual outcome, possibility of major complications from proliferative @entity1 , and the chance of undergoing additional laser treatment after panretinal photocoagulation.

title: One-year outcomes of panretinal photocoagulation in proliferative XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 is an unusual @entity1 . It is predominantly found in Caucasians and is rare in non-Caucasians. The chief affected area of the @entity1 is the parotid gland. Of all @entity5 , @entity4 is the only lesion which is truly multicentric so it may have a second @entity2 , not a recurrence. The peak incidence is in the sixth decade of life. In sexual distribution, there is a male predominance but the incidence of female is progressively increasing. According to Lemelas's study, the increase in female incidence may relate to the increasing population of cigarette smoking of @entity0 . Bilateral parotid gland involvement is uncommon. The chief treatment of the @entity1 is surgical excision. The surgical methods include enucleation, superficial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy. It is very important to protect the facial nerves from injury during surgery. In this paper, we report a case of bilateral metachronous @entity4 with @entity3 in a Chinese. Other than literature review and case report, four different methods to protect facial nerves from injury were briefly described.

title: XXXX in a Chinese--literature review and case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstetric @entity6 is rare, but the @entity1 are manifold and often long-lasting. Physiotherapy, microsurgical nerve reconstruction, secondary joint corrections, and muscle transpositions are employed with success. The role of conservative and operative treatment options should be regularly reviewed. METHODS: Selective literature review (evidence levels 3 and 4) and analysis of personal clinical operative and scientific experience over the past 15 years. RESULTS: @entity0 with upper and total plexus palsy displaying @entity4 and/or - @entity2 are treated today by early primary nerve reconstruction in the first few months of life followed by secondary corrections, with good functional results. The late complications, with @entity3 , @entity1 , and joint @entity5 , are often underrated. CONCLUSIONS: The potential for scientific analysis is limited, due to the rarity and interindividual variability of the lesions and the varying effects on function and growth. Expectations and compliance are different in every @entity0 . Surgical techniques are not yet standardized. Knowledge of the consequences for joint growth and congruence is inadequate. Today, functional improvement can be achieved by surgery in most clinical manifestations of obstetric @entity6 , within the framework of an interdisciplinary treatment concept.

title: Obstetric XXXX : treatment strategy, long-term results, and prognosis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: De-novo @entity5 are potentially life-threatening complications after beating-heart revascularization (off-pump CABG). Whether @entity2 can influence initiation of @entity5 through increased sympathetic activity is controversial. In order to determine the influence of @entity2 on its relative contribution to @entity5 , we first had to define the role of cardiac autonomic modulation in @entity0 with @entity3 . We aimed to observe how parameters of linear and nonlinear heart rate variability are changed pre- and postoperatively in @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing off-pump CABG. METHODS: Fifteen-minute ECG recordings were collected before and after off-pump CABG in 54 @entity0 with multivessel @entity4 and @entity3 to determine linear (TP, HF, LF, LF:HF ratio) and nonlinear detrended fluctuation analysis ( @entity6 , alpha2) and fractal dimension (average, high and low) parameters of heart rate variability. @entity5 was monitored preoperatively in 24-hour Holter recordings and postoperatively by continuous monitoring and clinical assessment. RESULTS: Deterioration from simple (Lown I-II) to complex (Lown III-V) @entity5 was observed in 19 @entity0 , and improvement from complex to simple @entity5 in five @entity0 (P = 0.022). @entity0 with @entity1 of @entity5 had preoperatively significantly lower values of TP, HF and LF (P = 0.024-0.043) and postoperatively significantly higher values on the low fractal dimension index (P = 0.031) than @entity0 with postoperative improvement of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 experiencing @entity1 of @entity5 already have impaired autonomic regulation before surgery. Higher postoperative values on the low fractal dimension index indicate that sympathetic predominance with or without concomitant vagal withdrawal is the underlying neurogenic mechanism contributing to @entity5 .

title: Ventricular arrhythmic disturbances and autonomic modulation after beating-heart revascularization in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: De-novo @entity5 are potentially life-threatening complications after beating-heart revascularization (off-pump CABG). Whether @entity2 can influence initiation of @entity5 through increased sympathetic activity is controversial. In order to determine the influence of @entity2 on its relative contribution to @entity5 , we first had to define the role of cardiac autonomic modulation in @entity0 with @entity3 . We aimed to observe how parameters of linear and nonlinear heart rate variability are changed pre- and postoperatively in @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing off-pump CABG. METHODS: Fifteen-minute ECG recordings were collected before and after off-pump CABG in 54 @entity0 with multivessel @entity4 and @entity3 to determine linear (TP, HF, LF, LF:HF ratio) and nonlinear detrended fluctuation analysis ( @entity6 , alpha2) and fractal dimension (average, high and low) parameters of heart rate variability. @entity5 was monitored preoperatively in 24-hour Holter recordings and postoperatively by continuous monitoring and clinical assessment. RESULTS: Deterioration from simple (Lown I-II) to complex (Lown III-V) @entity5 was observed in 19 @entity0 , and improvement from complex to simple @entity5 in five @entity0 (P = 0.022). @entity0 with @entity1 of @entity5 had preoperatively significantly lower values of TP, HF and LF (P = 0.024-0.043) and postoperatively significantly higher values on the low fractal dimension index (P = 0.031) than @entity0 with postoperative improvement of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 experiencing @entity1 of @entity5 already have impaired autonomic regulation before surgery. Higher postoperative values on the low fractal dimension index indicate that sympathetic predominance with or without concomitant vagal withdrawal is the underlying neurogenic mechanism contributing to @entity5 .

title: Ventricular arrhythmic disturbances and autonomic modulation after beating-heart revascularization in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) elicits activation sufficient for full development and originates from sperm head submembrane matrices. @entity7 comprises discrete, @entity6 (referred to here respectively as @entity7 -I and -II) which are each necessary but not sufficient to activate oocytes. The @entity5 , @entity7 -I(m), becomes solubilized from the perinuclear matrix under reducing conditions (the @entity7 transition) to generate @entity7 -I(s). Although @entity3 transients likely play an important role in oocyte activation at fertilization, the question is open as to whether demembranated heads or @entity7 -I(s) and/or @entity7 -II can induce @entity3 transients. We now report that injection of demembranated sperm heads into @entity1 oocytes efficiently induced @entity2 oscillations. When injected independently, @entity7 -I(s) and demembranated heads heated to 48 degrees C failed to generate @entity2 oscillations. However, co-injection of @entity7 -I(s) and 48 degrees C-heated heads induced oscillations, mirroring their synergistic ability to activate oocytes. This suggests that @entity7 -mediated activation proceeds via pathways resembling those at fertilization and provides the first direct evidence that multiple sperm components are required to induce @entity2 oscillations. We probed the @entity7 -I(s) liberation at the center of this activation and show that in vitro it was sensitive to a profile of @entity4 protease inhibitors. These findings support a model in which @entity0 oocyte activation, including the induction of @entity3 transients, involves proteolytic processing of @entity7 from sperm head submembrane compartments.

title: @entity0 oocyte activation by the synergistic action of discrete sperm head components: induction of XXXX transients and involvement of proteolysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) elicits activation sufficient for full development and originates from sperm head submembrane matrices. @entity7 comprises discrete, @entity6 (referred to here respectively as @entity7 -I and -II) which are each necessary but not sufficient to activate oocytes. The @entity5 , @entity7 -I(m), becomes solubilized from the perinuclear matrix under reducing conditions (the @entity7 transition) to generate @entity7 -I(s). Although @entity3 transients likely play an important role in oocyte activation at fertilization, the question is open as to whether demembranated heads or @entity7 -I(s) and/or @entity7 -II can induce @entity3 transients. We now report that injection of demembranated sperm heads into @entity1 oocytes efficiently induced @entity2 oscillations. When injected independently, @entity7 -I(s) and demembranated heads heated to 48 degrees C failed to generate @entity2 oscillations. However, co-injection of @entity7 -I(s) and 48 degrees C-heated heads induced oscillations, mirroring their synergistic ability to activate oocytes. This suggests that @entity7 -mediated activation proceeds via pathways resembling those at fertilization and provides the first direct evidence that multiple sperm components are required to induce @entity2 oscillations. We probed the @entity7 -I(s) liberation at the center of this activation and show that in vitro it was sensitive to a profile of @entity4 protease inhibitors. These findings support a model in which @entity0 oocyte activation, including the induction of @entity3 transients, involves proteolytic processing of @entity7 from sperm head submembrane compartments.

title: XXXX oocyte activation by the synergistic action of discrete sperm head components: induction of @entity3 transients and involvement of proteolysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Stem cells uniquely self-renew and maintain tissue homoeostasis by differentiating into different cell types to replace aged or damaged cells [1]. During oogenesis of @entity0 , self-renewal of germline stem cells (GSCs) requires both intrinsic signaling mechanisms and extrinsic signals from neighboring niche cells [2]. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational regulation may also control @entity0 GSC self-renewal [3, 4]. It is unclear, however, whether the miRNA pathway functions within stem cells or niche cells to maintain GSCs. In @entity0 , @entity1 (Dcr-1) and the double-stranded RNA binding protein @entity2 ( @entity2 ) catalyze miRNA biogenesis [3-5]. Here, we generate @entity2 knockout ( @entity2 (KO)) flies by ends-out homologous recombination and show that @entity2 is essential for embryonic viability and ovarian GSC maintenance. Both developmental and miRNA processing defects are rescued by transgenic expression of @entity2 , but not @entity2 . Furthermore, mosaic germline analysis indicates that @entity2 is required intrinsically for GSC maintenance. Consistently, GSCs are restored in @entity2 mutant ovaries by germline expression, but not somatic expression, of @entity2 . Together, these results demonstrate that @entity2 , but not @entity2 , is necessary and sufficient for @entity0 development and the miRNA pathway. Our study strongly suggests that miRNAs play an intrinsic, but not extrinsic, role in @entity0 female GSC self-renewal.

title: The miRNA pathway intrinsically controls self-renewal of XXXX germline stem cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 and @entity1 are now understood at the genetic, biochemical, and molecular levels. At the genetic level, both disorders result from mutations of the X-linked gene encoding @entity4 . At the biochemical level, @entity1 results from the deficiency of a large protein called @entity4 , whereas @entity1 results when @entity4 is present, though abnormal in either amount or molecular structure. To date, thousands of @entity0 have been analyzed for mutations of the @entity4 gene in peripheral blood DNA or alterations of the @entity4 protein in muscle tissue. The severity of the clinical phenotype of these @entity0 has been compared with their @entity4 gene mutations and corresponding @entity4 protein alterations, revealing an unexpectedly high degree of correlation. Thus, information derived from the molecular analysis (DNA or protein) of a particular @entity0 provides a "molecular diagnosis," which is highly predictive of the clinical course that @entity0 can be expected to follow. Because molecular diagnoses are independent of the @entity0 's age, they provide a prognosis for the large majority of @entity2 @entity0 even before clinical symptoms of their disease become apparent. Such prognostic molecular diagnoses have proven particularly valuable when the @entity0 is an isolated case, with no family history for the disorder. Prenatal genetic diagnosis of @entity1 or @entity1 may involve use of Southern blot or PCR techniques to search for a deletion in the DNA of at-risk fetuses or more complicated family linkage studies using intragenic and flanking RFLPs. More recently, assay of @entity4 content in fetal skeletal or cardiac muscle from at-risk abortuses has been accomplished, allowing definitive discrimination of affected and normal fetuses in cases in which deletion analyses and family DNA studies were equivocal. In utero fetal skeletal muscle biopsy for @entity4 protein assay has actually been accomplished in at least one at-risk pregnancy in which family DNA studies were uninformative. @entity4 was present in skeletal muscle from this 20-week-old male fetus, and the pregnancy continued, resulting in the term birth of a healthy male @entity0 . The future holds exciting opportunities for neonatal screening and treatment of these devastating @entity3 .

title: XXXX : genetics, prenatal diagnosis, and future prospects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a study of the efficacy of two different treatment schedules for perennial immunotherapy, 47 adult @entity0 with spring-time hay @entity2 due to @entity3 against birch and other deciduous trees were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: one group received birch, alder and hazel allergen in Allpyral, another group received the same Allpyral mixture and in addition all relevant tree pollens in aqueous extract and a control group received no injections. For determination of antibody titres the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the @entity4 precipitation (ASP) technique were used. Cellular responsiveness was studied by measuring birch pollen (BP) induced leucocyte @entity1 release in peripheral blood. The clinical and immunological response was similar in the two treated groups. Treated @entity0 had less symptoms and a lower consumption of @entity5 tablets during the pollen season than the control group. Non-IgE BP antibodies and IgE antibodies recorded with the ASP technique increased after immunotherapy while RAST values did not change significantly. A decrease of RAST values from postseasonal values during the first year to preseasonal values in the following year was seen in all @entity0 groups but was less pronounced in treated than in untreated @entity0 . The decrease was more pronounced in @entity0 with high RAST values of postseasonal sera than in @entity0 with low RAST values. Cellular reactivity increased slightly during the first phase of therapy but returned to the pre-treatment level later. Clinical improvement was positively correlated to the percentage increase of non-IgE antibody titre and to the pre-treatment non-IgE/IgE antibody ratio. @entity0 with high preseasonal RAST titres or high cellular sensitivity tended to have more severe symptoms during the pollen season. It is concluded that a mixture of birch, alder and hazel is sufficient for immunotherapy in spring-term hay @entity2 . It is obvious that changes of a single immunological variable do not account for the therapeutic results in immunotherapy.

title: Immunotherapy in spring-time hay XXXX . A clinical and immunological study comparing two different treatment extract compositions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a widely used treatment option for @entity3 , 3 cm in diameter or less. Between May 1990 and February 1998, 102 @entity1 in 101 @entity0 were treated with GKRS. There are 77 @entity0 with a follow-up period of more than six months (mean 55, range 7 to 90 months). Seventy (91%) of these @entity1 have remained unchanged or reduced in volume. After GKRS there was an increase in volume in seven cases. In four the volume increase affected solid @entity1 . Among these, three @entity0 were in stable condition and are being observed. One of these @entity0 developed brain stem compression symptoms and was operated. In another three cases, @entity2 with multiple septa developed medial to the @entity1 and compressed the brain stem and fourth ventricle, thus necessitating post-GKRS surgery. In these three @entity0 , MRI had shown loss of central contrast enhancement followed by its return. Histological findings at surgery before and after GKRS were compared for these four @entity1 . In spite of the MRI changes, there were no definite histological findings after GKRS which could be attributed to radiation induced changes. The development of @entity2 occurred after the treatment of larger @entity1 .

title: Radiologic and histopathologic changes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cranial irradiation may lead to accelerated atherosclerotic changes to small or medium sized arteries, but @entity3 associated with pituitary irradiation is not frequent. A @entity0 treated with Gamma Knife radio-surgery (GKRS) for a @entity8 suffered a @entity6 with internal carotid artery occlusion 4 years after radiosurgery. The @entity0 was a 35-year-old male presenting with a visual disturbance. Endocrinological tests were normal. MRI revealed a 4.3 by 4.3 cm diameter invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary, projecting toward the suprasellar region and with cavernous sinus involvement with encasement of both internal carotid arteries (ICAs). GKRS was performed for @entity2 after a transcranial resection. The maximum dose was 40 Gy and the dose to the right carotid artery was below 20 Gy. The delayed @entity10 was accompanied by a right capsular @entity9 shown on MRI. The images also showed a marked reduction in @entity1 size. Total, @entity7 was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. The @entity0 had no history or signs of @entity5 or @entity4 which could predispose to cerebrovascular

title: @entity6 with @entity7 after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for XXXX : A case report.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Cranial irradiation may lead to accelerated atherosclerotic changes to small or medium sized arteries, but @entity3 associated with pituitary irradiation is not frequent. A @entity0 treated with Gamma Knife radio-surgery (GKRS) for a @entity8 suffered a @entity6 with internal carotid artery occlusion 4 years after radiosurgery. The @entity0 was a 35-year-old male presenting with a visual disturbance. Endocrinological tests were normal. MRI revealed a 4.3 by 4.3 cm diameter invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary, projecting toward the suprasellar region and with cavernous sinus involvement with encasement of both internal carotid arteries (ICAs). GKRS was performed for @entity2 after a transcranial resection. The maximum dose was 40 Gy and the dose to the right carotid artery was below 20 Gy. The delayed @entity10 was accompanied by a right capsular @entity9 shown on MRI. The images also showed a marked reduction in @entity1 size. Total, @entity7 was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. The @entity0 had no history or signs of @entity5 or @entity4 which could predispose to cerebrovascular

title: XXXX with @entity7 after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for @entity8 : A case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Cranial irradiation may lead to accelerated atherosclerotic changes to small or medium sized arteries, but @entity3 associated with pituitary irradiation is not frequent. A @entity0 treated with Gamma Knife radio-surgery (GKRS) for a @entity8 suffered a @entity6 with internal carotid artery occlusion 4 years after radiosurgery. The @entity0 was a 35-year-old male presenting with a visual disturbance. Endocrinological tests were normal. MRI revealed a 4.3 by 4.3 cm diameter invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary, projecting toward the suprasellar region and with cavernous sinus involvement with encasement of both internal carotid arteries (ICAs). GKRS was performed for @entity2 after a transcranial resection. The maximum dose was 40 Gy and the dose to the right carotid artery was below 20 Gy. The delayed @entity10 was accompanied by a right capsular @entity9 shown on MRI. The images also showed a marked reduction in @entity1 size. Total, @entity7 was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. The @entity0 had no history or signs of @entity5 or @entity4 which could predispose to cerebrovascular

title: @entity6 with XXXX after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for @entity8 : A case report.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The focused radiation produced by radiosurgery offers the theoretical advantage of a reduced radiation dose to surrounding structures during the treatment of @entity3 when compared with fractionated radiotherapy. A retrospective analysis of 23 @entity0 treated since 1992 was undertaken. Intracystic @entity4 treatment in 10 @entity0 with @entity1 proved to be effective in preparing the @entity1 for radiosurgery. The mean prescription dose in this series was 10.8    8.7 Gy delivered to a mean prescription 47% isodose. There was a @entity2 in 74%. In this series, initial @entity1 volume and target volume were significant prognostic factors. @entity1 and targets were more likely to shrink. Five @entity0 with large multicystic residual or recurrent @entity1 after multiple surgical attempts showed further progression. The maximum radiation dose, prescription dose and choice of prescription isodose were not significant prognostic factors within this series. Radiosurgery resulted in no mortality and no significant morbidity could be attributed to it. Clinically, the best results with radiosurgery were obtained with @entity1 amenable to stereotactic drainage and intracystic @entity4 treatment.

title: XXXX : A six year experience with Gamma Knife radiosurgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: From 1976 to 1995, 23 @entity0 , 4 @entity0 and 19 @entity0 , were treated at our department for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Their records were analyzed retrospectively, considering age at operation, histopathology, recurrences, and long-term evolution. One died on the 1st day of life following @entity1 rupture with @entity6 without surgical intervention. All others were operated upon at a mean age of 4.2 days for those 19 (= 82%) who were diagnosed in the neonatal period and whose histology proved benign. In the remaining 3 @entity0 , in whom @entity1 manifestation did not occur before 11 months, 13 months, and 10 years of age, respectively, histopathologic evaluation revealed 2 @entity4 and 1 yolk-sac @entity1 , and all 3 recurred. Overall, 5 @entity0 died, the 1 mentioned above, 1 due to @entity9 after laparotomy, and 1 from multiple associated @entity7 . Two deaths were related to @entity1 , whereby only 1 was a malignant @entity2 diagnosed at the original operation. Eight @entity0 had recurrences, 2 were benign and 6 malignant, with 3 of the latter having been graded benign on histology of the @entity1 . Of the 18 surviving @entity0 , 17 (93.5%) returned for clinical review following a standardized protocol. The average interval from the primary surgery was 12.3 years (range 3.5-22 years). Four had @entity1 with a recurrence-free period of from 9 to 14 years; 5 (29.4%) had @entity3 . One @entity0 with a patulous anus presented with fecal soiling. Two reported nocturnal enuresis, 1 associated with perineal anesthesia. One had a @entity8 with overflow voiding and bilateral third-degree vesicoureteral reflux. Second-degree reflux was found in the last @entity0 . We conclude that follow-up after surgery for @entity2 should not only search for @entity1 recurrence but include the diagnosis and treatment of possible secondary urinary and/or fecal @entity5 .

title: XXXX : clinical course and prognosis with a special view to long-term functional results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Conditions typical of many low-status jobs are known to induce elevated stress. In keeping with this, blue-collar workers show elevated psychophysiological stress levels both during and after work compared with workers in more stimulating and flexible jobs. Health-related behaviors, such as cigarette smoking and @entity3 , that are known to contribute to the social gradient in health, can be seen as ways of coping with a stressful work situation in order to get short-term relief. Negative emotional states associated with low-status jobs, combined with a lack of economic resources, are also likely to reduce the individual's motivation to seek proper medical treatment and, thus, increase the risk that transient symptoms develop into @entity1 . With regard to @entity0 , it is well documented that physically monotonous or repetitive work is associated with an increase in neck, shoulder, and @entity6 problems. However, recent studies also report an association between psychosocial factors and @entity4 syndromes. Possible mechanisms explaining these findings involve the assumption that @entity5 may induce sustained activation of small, low-threshold motor units that may lead to degenerative processes, damage, and @entity2 . Analysis of short periods of very low muscular electrical activity (EMG gaps) shows that female workers with a high frequency of EMG gaps seem to have less risk of developing @entity4 problems than do workers with fewer gaps. Stress induced by psychosocial conditions at work, which is usually more lasting than that resulting from physical demands, may prevent the individual from shutting off their physiological activation and reduces the time for rest and recovery. In the modern work environment, with strong emphasis on a high work pace, competitiveness, and efficiency, it is possible that lack of relaxation is an even more important health problem than is the absolute level of contraction or the frequency of muscular activation.

title: Stress responses in low-status jobs and their relationship to health risks: XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to define the incidence of @entity1 after video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy and determine whether video-assisted thoracic surgery reduces @entity1 rate compared with thoracotomy. METHODS: With the use of a single-institution database of @entity0 who underwent lobectomy for clinical stage I @entity2 , 389 @entity0 were identified who were in sinus rhythm preoperatively and received no prophylactic antiarrhythmics. @entity0 undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery were age and gender matched with those undergoing thoracotomy. RESULTS: After matching, 122 @entity0 undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery and 122 @entity0 undergoing thoracotomy were eligible for analysis. @entity0 undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery had a higher preoperative diffusion capacity (92% +/- 28% vs 80% +/- 18% predicted, P = .001) and a lower rate of induction chemotherapy (5/122, 4% vs 11/122, 11%, P = .05) than @entity0 undergoing thoracotomy. @entity1 occurred in 12% of @entity0 (15/122) undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery and 16% of @entity0 (20/122) undergoing thoracotomy (P = .36). Overall, complications were lower in the video-assisted thoracic surgery group (17.2% vs 27.9%, P = .046). @entity0 with @entity1 were older in both video-assisted thoracic surgery (73 +/- 7 years vs 66 +/- 9 years, P = .002) and thoracotomy groups (72 +/- 7 years vs 66 +/- 10 years, P = .005). Length of stay for @entity0 with @entity1 was greater in both video-assisted thoracic surgery (6.0 +/- 1.5 days vs 4.7 +/- 2.5 days, P = .01) and thoracotomy groups (9.2 +/- 4.3 days vs 6.8 +/- 3.6 days, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of surgical approach, @entity1 after lobectomy occurred with equal frequency. This supports the theory that autonomic denervation and stress-mediated neurohumoral mechanisms are responsible for the pathogenesis of postoperative @entity1 . Prophylaxis regimens against @entity1 should be the same for either operative approach.

title: Video-assisted thoracic surgery does not reduce the incidence of postoperative XXXX after pulmonary lobectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although @entity4 is frequently encountered in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , a clear method of treating this complication is still lacking. Failure of nutritional support regimens may be due to inadequate support of dietary needs. Therefore, a high vs. standard or low protein/energy dietary regimen was studied in malnourished @entity1 @entity0 . A total of 18 malnourished @entity1 @entity0 selected according to subjective global assessment (SGA)-scores and biochemical indicators of @entity4 (serum albumin <40 g/l, @entity2 <200 mg/dl, prealbumin <30 mg/dl; two out of three) were assigned to three treatment groups: (A: 45 kcal/kg/d and 1.5 g protein/kg/d; B: 35 kcal/kg/d and 1.2 g protein/kg/d; C: spontaneous intake supplemented with 10% of mean protein and energy intake). A and B received food supplements at appropriate dosing to reach the targeted nutritional intake. During 3-month follow-up nutrient intake was assessed by repeated 4-day dietary diaries. Compliance and tolerance was good in each group. Weight gain (1.2+/-0.4 kg) was observed in group A, but not in B and C. Serum albumin levels increased by 1.0+/-0.5 g/l in group A, but not in B and C. Prealbumin and @entity2 levels were unaffected. Weight change correlated with mean dietary energy intake, but not with mean dietary protein intake. We conclude that prescription of 45 kcal/kg/d and 1.5 g protein/kg/d may be necessary to achieve @entity3 and improvement of nutritional indices in malnourished @entity1 pts. Oral food supplements can be used safely and effectively to increase nutrient intake to high levels in these @entity0 .

title: High protein/energy vs. standard protein/energy nutritional regimen in the treatment of malnourished hemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Low protein diets have been used for a long time in the conservative management of @entity3 as they have a beneficial effect in preventing the appearance of symptoms. However, with the exception of the beneficial effect on @entity6 of the very low protein diets supplemented with ketoacids, they have no proven effects on the other aspects of the @entity4 . Moreover, the weight of the evidence suggests that the effect of these diets on preservation of GFR, if any, in @entity0 with nondiabetic @entity2 is small and of little clinical relevance. There is very little evidence in the literature of its role in @entity0 with @entity1 . The nutritional safety of these diets is still suspect. @entity0 with @entity3 have low energy intakes, which is further reduced when these diets are prescribed. Metabolic studies predict that these @entity0 would be in negative @entity5 balance and in fact, even nutritionally sound, nondiabetic @entity0 enrolled in the Modification of Diet in @entity2 Study developed subclinical signs of @entity7 . It is possible that the nutritional decline may have been more pronounced on longer duration of follow-up. Finally, these diets are difficult to follow, leading to issues of compliance and exert a great toll on the time of the dietitians. Hence, we conclude that low protein diets are not necessary in @entity3 .

title: Low protein diets are not needed in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prospective follow-up data after nonoperative treatment for @entity1 of the proximal humerus are scarce. We studied functional outcomes and rates of complication and failure after conservative management of these common injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 aged older than 18 years presenting to the emergency department of a large district hospital with an isolated, closed proximal @entity1 considered suitable for functional treatment by the surgeon on charge were enrolled in a prospective, externally monitored observational study. Surgeons were free to reduce the @entity1 and to prescribe any type of sling or brace. Active follow-up after 12 weeks, 6, and 12 months included plain radiographs, Constant score, and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. RESULTS: We enrolled 160 @entity0 (118 @entity0 ; mean age, 63.3 +/- 14.8 years), and 124 completed 1-year follow-up. There were 85, 71, and 4 AO 11 A, B, and C @entity1 , and 75 one-part, 60 two-part, 23 three-part, and 2 four-part and head-splitting @entity1 . After 1 year, the mean difference in Constant scores between the injured and contralateral shoulder was 8.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.0-10.4). The mean difference in 1-year DASH scores to baseline assessment was 10.2 points (95% CI 7.3-13.1 points). The risk of delayed and nonunion was 7.0% (95% CI, 3.6%-12.3%). Four @entity0 subsequently underwent surgical fixation, and 5 had arthroscopic subacromial decompression. CONCLUSION: This study may provide reference values for future investigations and stresses ceiling effects that will make it difficult to demonstrate a significant advantage of surgical over nonoperative treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4; Prospective case series without a control group.

title: Functional outcomes after nonoperative management of XXXX of the proximal humerus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Metabolic changes in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 are an important aspect concerning long-term outcome. Liver plays the main role in regulating metabolism. The effects of @entity3 fluids (PDF) on liver cell function are scarcely investigated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PDF, different in some components, on liver cell metabolism in vitro. Metabolic activity (MTT), cell integrity (LDH release), proliferation ( @entity7 incorporation) and synthesis of albumin and @entity1 are measured by incubating HepG2 cells for 3 h and 24 h with six different PDFs: (a) @entity6 -buffered, pH5.5: PDF I (1.5% gluc.); PDF II (4.5% gluc. ); (b) @entity8 -buffered, pH7.4: PDF III (1.5% gluc.), PDF IV (4. 5% gluc.); (c) @entity5 -based solutions, pH 7.4: PDF V (low AA level) and PDF VI (high AA level). Metabolic activity of @entity8 -treated cells is greatly enhanced in comparison to @entity6 -buffered PDFs. These findings are confirmed by proliferation data. Synthesis of albumin and @entity1 is significantly enhanced by @entity5 -based solutions. Our data demonstrate, that @entity6 -buffered PDF impair liver cells much stronger than @entity8 -buffered PDF. pH is the parameter which contributes to @entity2 and impaired metabolism to a major extent. In contrast to @entity4 -containing solutions, @entity5 -based PDF stimulate protein synthesis in liver cells.

title: Liver cell reactive components in XXXX fluids.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Balloon enteroscopy is an emerging technique to allow access to the small intestine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. To date, there have been few published data documenting the safety and efficacy of balloon enteroscopy in small @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in a 37-month-old toddler with occult @entity4 . DESIGN: A single case report. SETTING: A free-standing, academic @entity0 's hospital in Denver, Colorado. @entity0 : The @entity0 was a 37-month-old, 13.5-kg toddler with persistent heme-positive stools, severe @entity3 , and @entity6 . Previous workup was significant for @entity1 in the antrum and a video capsule study showing @entity2 in the small bowel. INTERVENTION: An antegrade SBE was performed with the @entity0 under general endotracheal anesthesia, with biopsy specimens obtained from identified lesions in the jejunum and ileum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Complications and successful treatment of symptoms were the primary endpoints. RESULTS: The procedure was performed successfully in 85 minutes, passing an estimated 200 cm beyond the pylorus, without complications. Identification of the lesions as consistent with @entity5 led to successful treatment with an elimination diet and corticosteroids. LIMITATIONS: The primary limitation of this study is that it is a single case report. Therefore, it is difficult to make a generalized statement regarding the safety and efficacy of balloon enteroscopy in toddlers of this size. CONCLUSIONS: Antegrade SBE can be a well-tolerated and effective procedure to evaluate occult @entity4 in @entity0 as young as 3 years of age. Further study is needed to better establish safety parameters for balloon enteroscopy in small pediatric @entity0 .

title: First successful antegrade single-balloon enteroscopy in a 3-year-old with occult XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: "Mental defeat" has been found to be an important psychologic reaction to painful @entity1 . @entity6 @entity0 also report mental defeat in relation to their experience of @entity3 episodes. A measure of mental defeat was devised and evaluated in terms of (1) psychometric properties and (2) specificity of scores in relation to disabling @entity6 . METHODS: A total of 304 @entity0 completed the Pain Self Perception Scale, a questionnaire designed to measure mental defeat as a reaction to @entity3 . @entity0 also completed the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and @entity4 Scale. @entity6 @entity0 from a tertiary hospital clinic (n=94) were compared with @entity0 experiencing acute @entity3 (n=38), @entity3 -free controls (n=79), community volunteers suffering from @entity6 (n=32) or acute @entity3 (n=30), and @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 (n=31). Test-retest reliability was assessed in subsamples of @entity6 @entity0 and community volunteers. RESULTS: The mental defeat measure was both internally consistent and reliable. @entity6 @entity0 showed elevated levels of mental defeat relative to all other groups, including @entity0 with @entity6 of the same intensity of @entity3 who were not seeking treatment. @entity3 may be linked to disability and the seeking of specialist treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Research on mental defeat may allow the development of new treatment strategies for @entity6 and a better understanding of the link between @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity5 .

title: Mental defeat in XXXX : initial exploration of the concept.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The "flutter isthmus," the part of the lower right atrium between the eustachian valve and the tricuspid annulus inferior to the coronary sinus os, is considered the crucial zone for conduction delay necessary for the genesis of @entity1 . However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the "flutter isthmus" in 50 hearts obtained at autopsy from @entity0 without @entity2 . The muscular trabecular arrangement was dissected carefully by peeling off the endocardium. Documentation of the trabecular arrangement focused, in particular, on the question of whether there was a uniform pattern of well-aligned muscle trabeculae or a nonuniform architecture. It appeared that a nonuniform trabecular pattern prevailed (37/50 [74%]). In these hearts, the muscular arrangement showed abundant @entity3 and interlacing trabeculae, particularly in the zone immediately inferior to the coronary sinus os. Connections also occurred along the inferior rim of the os. CONCLUSION: The normal anatomy of the lower right atrium favors nonuniform muscular trabeculation, with interlacing bundles and a multitude of @entity3 . The potential for conduction delay is present in the vast majority of normal hearts. This raises the question as to what has changed in the hearts of @entity0 with @entity1 such that the potential for conduction delay and reentry has become effective.

title: Right XXXX isthmus revisited: normal anatomy favors nonuniform anisotropic conduction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several recent studies demonstrate that upper extremities kinematics analysis is in increasing use to assist clinical practice. We describe an upper limb kinematics analysis protocol that was first applied to a group of healthy @entity0 (to obtain normative data), and subsequently, to a @entity0 presenting with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) before and after surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The protocol is based on two very simple tasks. Reflective markers are placed on the studied segments, and optoelectronic cameras three-dimensionally record the position of the markers during the course of movement. The data, collected by a Vicon system (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK), are analyzed by a dedicated software; this software provides coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) for the comparison of different kinematics curves and motion amplitudes. A CMC above 0.95 was considered to be excellent, between 0.85 and 0.95 was good, and below 0.85 was poor. Twelve healthy @entity0 , average age 9.7 years (from 7 to 14 years), were analyzed. A 7-year-old @entity0 presenting left @entity2 was similarly analyzed, pre- and postoperatively, after a lateral rotation osteotomy of the humerus. RESULTS: The analysis of the 12 healthy @entity0 established a kinematics corridor for each task and each angle considered. Analysis of the pathological @entity0 revealed @entity1 during movement which went undetected at simple clinical examination. CMC analysis after treatment showed improvement of all movements around the shoulder, going from "poor" preoperatively to "excellent" postoperatively. Amplitudes analysis similarly demonstrated postoperative improvement, which increased from 28 to 67% according to the rotations considered, around the shoulder and elbow. The interest in these results should be confirmed by studies in a larger number of @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Upper extremity kinematics analysis is increasingly utilized in current clinical practice. Although many problems occur because of the non-cyclical and non-automatic nature of movement, review of the literature and our preliminary results show that reproducibility is satisfactory. Interest in our work arises from helping develop a preoperative evaluation tool (providing a more global view of abnormalities) as well as a postoperative assessment one (for the quantification of movement gains obtained by surgery after humeral osteotomy). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV. Diagnostic retrospective study.

title: Upper extremity kinematics analysis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fibroepithelial stromal @entity5 of the vulvovaginal region are benign lesions that, when bland or hypocellular, are readily recognized. However those that exhibit bizarre cytomorphology, atypical mitoses, or hypercellularity, raising the possibility of @entity2 , continue to be underrecognized. The authors reviewed a series of @entity5 to characterize further the morphologic features that can lead to a misdiagnosis of @entity3 . A total of 33 of 65 consecutive cases of @entity5 retrieved from the authors' consultation files were remarkable for marked hypercellularity (33 of 33), marked cytologic pleomorphism (21 of 33), mitotic counts of more than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (12 of 33), and the presence of atypical mitoses (14 of 33). A total of 16 of 33 lesions had three or more of these features. Important morphologic clues to the diagnosis (shared with usual @entity5 at this site) were lack of an identifiable lesional margin, extension of abnormal stromal tissue up to the mucosal-submucosal interface, and the frequent presence of individually scattered multinucleate stromal cells, most often located close to the surface epithelium. Immunohistochemically, seven of 12 cases were @entity7 positive and one of 11 cases were smooth muscle actin positive. The age range of @entity0 was 16 to 75 years (median, 32 years), and 21 @entity0 (64%) were premenopausal. Sites included the vagina (18 of 33), cervix (seven of 33), and vulva (eight of 33). A total of 14 of 33 @entity0 were pregnant, three @entity0 were taking @entity4 , and one @entity0 was on oral @entity6 . Eight of 33 @entity0 had multiple lesions at the time of presentation, of whom five were pregnant. Clinical follow-up was available in 21 of 33 @entity0 . Three of 21 @entity0 with follow-up had local, nondestructive recurrence. Two of these @entity0 had multiple recurrences. None of the @entity0 followed developed @entity1 . Cytologic atypia has been a previously recognized feature in these lesions; however, the occurrence of marked stromal cellularity and a mitotic rate of more than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields have not been emphasized previously. Moreover, the combination of these features has only rarely been documented. Awareness of the spectrum of histologic features that these lesions can exhibit is crucial in their accurate recognition, thus avoiding potential overtreatment.

title: Cellular pseudosarcomatous XXXX of the lower female genital tract: an underrecognized lesion often misdiagnosed as @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Fibroepithelial stromal @entity5 of the vulvovaginal region are benign lesions that, when bland or hypocellular, are readily recognized. However those that exhibit bizarre cytomorphology, atypical mitoses, or hypercellularity, raising the possibility of @entity2 , continue to be underrecognized. The authors reviewed a series of @entity5 to characterize further the morphologic features that can lead to a misdiagnosis of @entity3 . A total of 33 of 65 consecutive cases of @entity5 retrieved from the authors' consultation files were remarkable for marked hypercellularity (33 of 33), marked cytologic pleomorphism (21 of 33), mitotic counts of more than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (12 of 33), and the presence of atypical mitoses (14 of 33). A total of 16 of 33 lesions had three or more of these features. Important morphologic clues to the diagnosis (shared with usual @entity5 at this site) were lack of an identifiable lesional margin, extension of abnormal stromal tissue up to the mucosal-submucosal interface, and the frequent presence of individually scattered multinucleate stromal cells, most often located close to the surface epithelium. Immunohistochemically, seven of 12 cases were @entity7 positive and one of 11 cases were smooth muscle actin positive. The age range of @entity0 was 16 to 75 years (median, 32 years), and 21 @entity0 (64%) were premenopausal. Sites included the vagina (18 of 33), cervix (seven of 33), and vulva (eight of 33). A total of 14 of 33 @entity0 were pregnant, three @entity0 were taking @entity4 , and one @entity0 was on oral @entity6 . Eight of 33 @entity0 had multiple lesions at the time of presentation, of whom five were pregnant. Clinical follow-up was available in 21 of 33 @entity0 . Three of 21 @entity0 with follow-up had local, nondestructive recurrence. Two of these @entity0 had multiple recurrences. None of the @entity0 followed developed @entity1 . Cytologic atypia has been a previously recognized feature in these lesions; however, the occurrence of marked stromal cellularity and a mitotic rate of more than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields have not been emphasized previously. Moreover, the combination of these features has only rarely been documented. Awareness of the spectrum of histologic features that these lesions can exhibit is crucial in their accurate recognition, thus avoiding potential overtreatment.

title: Cellular pseudosarcomatous @entity5 of the lower female genital tract: an underrecognized lesion often misdiagnosed as XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retrobulbar anesthesia is considered effective in ocular surgery but it can give rise to serious complications. We used peribulbar anesthesia with sub-Tenon's irrigation to perform encircling scleral buckling for @entity3 , as it could reduce the complications caused by retrobulbar anesthesia. We also recorded the course of @entity1 for 72 hours after surgery. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity3 were treated with an encircling scleral buckle. The surgery was performed with peribulbar anesthesia with occasional sub-Tenon's irrigation. We evaluated the @entity0 's @entity1 with a visual analogue scale after surgery at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. RESULTS: In 24 cases (80%), the anesthesia was complete with the peribulbar block. Only 6 @entity0 (20%) needed sub-Tenon's irrigation and four of them felt no @entity1 after augmentation. Although all the surgical procedures proceeded without problem, two of the @entity0 felt @entity1 and were uncomfortable during the surgery. No serious complications occurred. The course of @entity1 peaked 6 hours after surgery when 26 @entity0 (86.7%) felt @entity1 and 12 @entity0 (40%) were uncomfortable ( @entity1 score > or = 5). Forty-eight hours after surgery, 9 @entity0 (30%) still felt @entity1 but no one felt uncomfortable. CONCLUSION: Peribulbar anesthesia can be used safely in encircling scleral buckling for @entity3 . The @entity2 is maximal 6 hours after surgery and becomes mild ( @entity1 score < or = 4) after 48 hours.

title: Evaluation of peribulbar anesthesia in encircling scleral buckle surgery and its XXXX course.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Receptive-field properties were investigated in cutaneous @entity1 nociceptive afferents ( @entity2 ) responsive to mechanical and heat stimuli. Teased-fiber techniques were used to record from 28 CMHs that innervated the hairy skin of upper or lower limb in anesthetized monkeys. 2. The response to mechanical stimuli was studied with the use of calibrated von Frey probes. The response to heat stimuli was studied with the use of a laser thermal stimulator that provided stepped increases in skin temperature with rise times to the desired temperature near 100 ms. The size of the receptive field (RF) for mechanical stimuli was determined by use of a suprathreshold stimulus that consisted of a 0.5-mm-diam probe that exerted a 200-mN force (10 bar). The size of the heat RF was determined by use of a 49 degrees C stimulus applied to a 7.5-mm-diam area for 1 s. 3. Heat thresholds were determined with an ascending series of stimulus intensities and were found to be stable over many hours: they ranged from 37 to 46 degrees C (mean, 41.1 degrees C). Mechanical thresholds ranged from 1.3 to 7.3 bar (mean, 3.3 bar). There was no correlation between mechanical and heat thresholds. Both thresholds extended well below the corresponding psychophysical @entity0 thresholds in the literature. This suggests that spatial and/or temporal summation of @entity1 input are important for @entity0 induced by either stimulus modality. 4. Mechanical RF diameters ranged from 3.3 to 9.6 mm (mean, 4.7 mm); heat RF diameters ranged from punctate (less than 1 mm) to 9.5 mm (mean, 4.3 mm). There was a significant linear correlation between mechanical and heat RF sizes with a slope of one. The distance between the center of the mechanical RF and the center of the heat RF along one axis ranged from 0 to 1.1 mm (mean, 0.4 mm). These data indicate that the heat RFs coincided with the mechanical RFs. 5. Within the mechanical RF determined with the suprathreshold stimuli, all CMHs had one or more punctate areas of maximal mechanical sensitivity where mechanical threshold was lowest. Heat excitability extended greater than 2 mm beyond these mechanically sensitive spots. Because lateral transmission of the heat stimulus is small, this indicates that heat transduction occurs outside the regions of maximal mechanical sensitivity. 6. Both the threshold to heat and the response magnitude at suprathreshold intensities depended on the percentage of the RF area overlapped by the heat stimulus. This indicates that multiple transducer sites probably contribute to the total evoked response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Comparison of heat and mechanical receptive fields of cutaneous XXXX nociceptors in monkey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and selected demographic features of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) seen over a 10-year period at the Rheumatology service of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados. To compare these data with what is known to obtain in other ethnic populations. DESIGN AND METHODS: A chart review involving all @entity0 who were found to have @entity3 based on the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria was conducted between 1996 and 2006. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with @entity3 were identified in this predominantly Afro-Caribbean population. The prevalent and incident cases numbered 10 and 17 respectively. Twenty-six of these @entity0 were female and the mean age at diagnosis was 37.3 years. Diffuse cutaneous involvement was seen in 63% of cases and limited cutaneous involvement in 37%. The most common clinical features in descending order of frequency were @entity4 , @entity1 , pigmentary skin changes, digital pitting/ulceration, @entity5 and @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In a predominantly Afro-Caribbean population, @entity3 was uncommonly seen, had a marked female preponderance and an earlier age of onset than that seen in Caucasian populations. As expected, diffuse disease was the more common subtype and digital pitting, pigmentary skin changes, and @entity2 were amongst the most frequent clinical features. @entity5 were found more frequently than the literature suggests is typical for @entity0 of African descent.

title: XXXX in an Afro-Caribbean population: a review of demographic and clinical features.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Respiratory activity was recorded on ventral cervical roots during in vitro experiments performed on superfused newborn @entity0 brain stem-cervical cord preparations. 2. Eliminating the pontine structures by performing a transection at the level of the ponto-medullary junction resulted in a sustained increase in respiratory frequency, which suggests the existence of a pontine inhibitory drive impinging on the medullary rhythm generator. 3. @entity2 (NA) and drugs affecting NA efficiency were added to the bathing medium and the resulting changes in respiratory frequency were analysed. NA decreased the respiratory frequency, and this effect was potentiated by @entity5 (an inhibitor of the NA degradation by @entity3 oxidases) and blocked by @entity4 (an alpha 2-antagonist). 4. @entity4 or @entity8 (which blocks the alpha 2-adrenoceptors) increased the resting respiratory frequency to the level reached after ponto-medullary transection, whereas @entity5 or @entity6 (which potentiates NA efficiency) decreased the respiratory rate. Since these effects were no longer observed after elimination of the pons, it is suggested that a permanent release of endogenous NA by pontine areas may modulate the activity of the medullary respiratory rhythm generator. 5. When alpha- @entity7 (an inhibitor of NA biosynthesis) was applied to the pons, the respiratory frequency was increased, whereas when @entity1 (a precursor of NA) was applied, the respiratory frequency decreased. This decrease was enhanced by @entity5 , suppressed by @entity7 and blocked by @entity8 . 6. To conclude, it is suggested that the mechanisms underlying NA biosynthesis (i) continue to function under these in vitro experimental conditions and (ii) are responsible for a permanent release of endogenous NA, which slows down the respiratory frequency. These results are discussed as regards the possibility that the medullary respiratory rhythm generator may be modulated via the noradrenergic area A5 in the newborn @entity0 .

title: Permanent release of XXXX modulates respiratory frequency in the newborn @entity0 : an in vitro study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Respiratory activity was recorded on ventral cervical roots during in vitro experiments performed on superfused newborn @entity0 brain stem-cervical cord preparations. 2. Eliminating the pontine structures by performing a transection at the level of the ponto-medullary junction resulted in a sustained increase in respiratory frequency, which suggests the existence of a pontine inhibitory drive impinging on the medullary rhythm generator. 3. @entity2 (NA) and drugs affecting NA efficiency were added to the bathing medium and the resulting changes in respiratory frequency were analysed. NA decreased the respiratory frequency, and this effect was potentiated by @entity5 (an inhibitor of the NA degradation by @entity3 oxidases) and blocked by @entity4 (an alpha 2-antagonist). 4. @entity4 or @entity8 (which blocks the alpha 2-adrenoceptors) increased the resting respiratory frequency to the level reached after ponto-medullary transection, whereas @entity5 or @entity6 (which potentiates NA efficiency) decreased the respiratory rate. Since these effects were no longer observed after elimination of the pons, it is suggested that a permanent release of endogenous NA by pontine areas may modulate the activity of the medullary respiratory rhythm generator. 5. When alpha- @entity7 (an inhibitor of NA biosynthesis) was applied to the pons, the respiratory frequency was increased, whereas when @entity1 (a precursor of NA) was applied, the respiratory frequency decreased. This decrease was enhanced by @entity5 , suppressed by @entity7 and blocked by @entity8 . 6. To conclude, it is suggested that the mechanisms underlying NA biosynthesis (i) continue to function under these in vitro experimental conditions and (ii) are responsible for a permanent release of endogenous NA, which slows down the respiratory frequency. These results are discussed as regards the possibility that the medullary respiratory rhythm generator may be modulated via the noradrenergic area A5 in the newborn @entity0 .

title: Permanent release of @entity2 modulates respiratory frequency in the newborn XXXX : an in vitro study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 is an uncommon condition that can masquerade as @entity4 on both digital rectal exam and prostate ultrasound. It occurs most often after acute urinary tract infection, transurethral prostate resection, or needle biopsy. It can be seen in systemic @entity5 and after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for @entity2 . In some cases it is idiopathic. Six @entity0 who underwent transrectal ultrasound of the prostate and subsequent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy had histologic diagnosis of @entity6 . One @entity0 was undergoing BCG therapy for @entity2 . Two @entity0 had recent urinary tract infections. The other three @entity0 had no known predisposing conditions. Sonographically, the glands were enlarged in five @entity0 , with multiple large and small hypoechoic zones throughout the peripheral, transition, and central zones. The appearance was similar to that seen in diffuse @entity4 . In one @entity0 , a @entity1 in the peripheral zone, indistinguishable from @entity3 , was present. @entity6 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal and diffuse abnormality with prostatic ultrasound.

title: Transrectal ultrasound appearance of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Tussilago farfara (Kuan Donghua) is an important Chinese herbal medicine which has been shown to contain many bioactive compounds and widely used to relieve cough and resolve phlegm. However, besides therapeutic bioactive compounds, this herb has been found to contain toxic @entity3 ( @entity4 ), mainly @entity6 and traces of @entity5 . In this report, conditions for microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) were optimized for the extraction of the @entity4 . The results were compared against heating under reflux. It was found that the binary mixture of @entity2 : @entity1 (1:1) acidified using HCl to pH 2-3 was the optimal solvent for the extraction of the @entity4 in the plant materials. Liquid chromatography (LC) with ultra-violet (UV) detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI- @entity0 ) in the positive mode was used for the determination and quantitation of @entity6 and @entity5 in the botanical extract. The proposed extraction methods with LC/ @entity0 allow for the rapid detection of the major and the minor alkaloids in T. farfara in the presence of co-eluting peaks. With LC/ @entity0 , the quantitative analysis of @entity4 in the extract was done using internal standard calibration and the precision was found to vary from 0.6% to 5.4% on different days. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) for MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 0.26 microg/g to 1.04 micro/g and 1.32 micro/g to 5.29 microg/g, respectively. The method precision of MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 3.7% to 10.4% on different days. The results showed that major and minor alkaloids extracted using MAE and PHWE were comparable to that by heating under reflux. Our data also showed that significant ion suppression was not observed in the analysis of @entity6 and @entity5 in the botanical extracts with co-eluting peaks.

title: Determination of XXXX and @entity5 in Tussilago farfara using microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized hot water extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Tussilago farfara (Kuan Donghua) is an important Chinese herbal medicine which has been shown to contain many bioactive compounds and widely used to relieve cough and resolve phlegm. However, besides therapeutic bioactive compounds, this herb has been found to contain toxic @entity3 ( @entity4 ), mainly @entity6 and traces of @entity5 . In this report, conditions for microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) were optimized for the extraction of the @entity4 . The results were compared against heating under reflux. It was found that the binary mixture of @entity2 : @entity1 (1:1) acidified using HCl to pH 2-3 was the optimal solvent for the extraction of the @entity4 in the plant materials. Liquid chromatography (LC) with ultra-violet (UV) detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI- @entity0 ) in the positive mode was used for the determination and quantitation of @entity6 and @entity5 in the botanical extract. The proposed extraction methods with LC/ @entity0 allow for the rapid detection of the major and the minor alkaloids in T. farfara in the presence of co-eluting peaks. With LC/ @entity0 , the quantitative analysis of @entity4 in the extract was done using internal standard calibration and the precision was found to vary from 0.6% to 5.4% on different days. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) for MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 0.26 microg/g to 1.04 micro/g and 1.32 micro/g to 5.29 microg/g, respectively. The method precision of MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 3.7% to 10.4% on different days. The results showed that major and minor alkaloids extracted using MAE and PHWE were comparable to that by heating under reflux. Our data also showed that significant ion suppression was not observed in the analysis of @entity6 and @entity5 in the botanical extracts with co-eluting peaks.

title: Determination of @entity6 and XXXX in Tussilago farfara using microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized hot water extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 are expressed by various clinical manifestations. Treatment is mainly rehabilitation. We aimed to identify factors predicting long-term functional rehabilitation in @entity0 with this treatment and recurrence of symptoms. @entity0 AND METHODS: We performed a descriptive retrospective analysis of 84 @entity0 who underwent rehabilitation for @entity1 as defined by Revel and colleagues. Data collection involved a questionnaire exploring personal information, risk factors for developing @entity1 , clinical signs, and x-ray results. Long-term results of treatment were evaluated by telephone questionnaire. Data analysis involved use of Stata 6 software. RESULTS: Univariate analysis: predictive factors of negative results with treatment were @entity2 , sensitive disturbances at the time of diagnosis, and a positive Adson's test result. Predictive factors of positive results were absence of paresthesia at the end of the treatment, and a negative "bell sign" at the end of the treatment. Predictive factors of nonrecurring symptoms were age younger than 34, bilateral positive Adson test result, and need for a supplementary number of sessions. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS: predictive factors of positive results with treatment were absence of sensitive impairment at the time of diagnosis, compliance with home exercises, initial negative Adson's test result, absence of @entity2 , and absence of paresthesia at the end of treatment. Predictive factors of recurring symptoms were age younger than 34, the need for a supplementary number of sessions and bilateral positive Adson's test result. CONCLUSION: A larger number of subjects are needed to further explore the predictive factors of rehabilitation and recurring symptoms in @entity1 for better validity and significance.

title: [Predictive factors of long-term functional rehabilitation in thoracic outlet syndromes: 85 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are one of the major classes of proteolytic enzymes involved in @entity2 invasion and @entity1 , being inhibited by naturally occurring tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Sixty-five @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity3 in 1992 at Chonnam National University Hospital were selected for this study. The primary selection criteria were the availability of @entity4 -fixed and @entity5 -embedded blocks and sufficient clinical follow-up for @entity2 -specific survival analysis. In this study, we examined the expression of @entity7 and @entity6 in @entity0 @entity3 tissue by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between their expression and clinicopathological parameters. @entity7 and @entity6 expressions were detected predominantly in the peritumor stromal cells rather than @entity2 cells themselves. Immunohistochemical stainings were concordant with the result obtained by in situ hybridization. The intensity of @entity7 immunohistochemical stromal staining correlated with @entity2 stage (P = 0.009) and @entity0 survival (P = 0.025). However, the intensity of @entity6 immunohistochemical stromal staining did not correlate with @entity2 stage (P = 0.339) and @entity0 survival (P = 0.474). The correlation between the increased @entity7 expression and @entity2 stage noted in this study reflects a role of @entity7 in predicting the @entity3 . @entity6 expression did not correlate with clinicopathological parameters. However, expression of @entity7 and the possible additional value of @entity6 should be further explored in determining the prognosis of @entity3 .

title: Expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Orbital decompression for @entity4 may be performed by open or transnasal endoscopic approaches; however, criteria for the selection of the appropriate surgical technique have not been well-defined. Our goal was to compare the surgical outcomes of orbital decompression techniques employed by the otolaryngology and ophthalmology services at a single institution, so as to clarify the indications and develop a rationale for optimal management. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Orbital decompressions on 112 orbits of 69 @entity0 from 2001 to 2008 at a tertiary care academic medical center. RESULTS: The majority (83%) of orbital decompressions were performed primarily for proptosis, whereas the remainder was indicated for @entity1 . Maximum @entity3 was achieved with an endoscopic medial and inferior orbital wall decompression combined with a lateral orbitotomy with fat removal. The average reduction in proptosis was 7.4 mm+/-2.3 mm (primary surgery for proptosis). The endoscopic approach alone provided the least average proptosis reduction but was highly successful in the treatment of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A three-wall decompression using a combined endoscopic and external approach provides the greatest amount of decompression. The endoscopic approach as a single modality is best suited for @entity0 with mild proptosis and for @entity0 with @entity1 . Cooperation between otolaryngology and ophthalmology achieves the best care for @entity0 with @entity2 who require surgical treatment.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta), a peptide that is generated upon proteolytic cleavage of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The events leading to the development of @entity1 and their sequence are not yet fully understood. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been suggested to have a significant role in controlling @entity3 and in the aberrant signal transduction taking place in @entity1 . Several studies document a deficit in @entity4 levels and activity in brains of @entity1 @entity0 when compared with those of normal controls. Such a decrease in @entity4 could have serious implications since certain @entity4 isozymes were shown to drive the @entity2 proteolytic cleavage into a non-amyloidogenic pathway. Reduced levels of distinct @entity4 isozymes could thus contribute to driving @entity2 processing toward an amyloidogenic pathway. The direct cause for the down-regulation of @entity4 in @entity1 brains is still unknown. In that respect, we tested in this study whether @entity2 may play a role in @entity4 reduction. We show in three different cell lines (CHO, COS and BOSC) that overexpression of @entity2 leads to decreased @entity4 levels. This decrease was found to be specific for the epsilon @entity4 isozyme whereas the levels of delta, alpha and conventional @entity4 remained unchanged. Furthermore, we observed this decrease for both active, membrane-associated and inactive, cytosolic epsilon @entity4 . @entity2 -driven decrease in epsilon @entity4 is most likely mediated by a factor in the culture medium, since transfer of medium from cultured cells overexpressing @entity2 to na  ve, non-overexpressing cells, has also led to the selective decrease in epsilon @entity4 levels. Taken together, our results suggest that @entity2 expression levels may play a role in the decrease of epsilon @entity4 levels in @entity1 brains and could thus affect the responsiveness of @entity1 brain tissues to growth factors and neurotransmitters.

title: Overexpression of XXXX reduces epsilon protein kinase C levels.

answer: @entity2