abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is highly prevalent in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), owing to clustering of traditional and uremic-specific risk factors. However, in this population asymptomatic course of @entity4 is common and it has been reported that myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single-photon emission tomography (SPET) has lower sensitivity. In the current study, we assessed the value of MPI gated-SPET and its combination with coronary artery @entity6 (CAC) score measurements in risk stratification of @entity5 @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MPI gated-SPET was performed with dual-headed SPET camera and CAC score measured by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) system.There were tested 77 @entity5 individuals. During the follow-up study, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) defined as @entity2 or nonfatal @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or the necessity for coronary revascularization were recorded. Univariate and stepwise multivariable Cox proportional hazards-models were used to identify the predictors of @entity3 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity3 were recorded during the follow-up. They were significantly associated with higher summed stress scores on MPI, higher percentage of @entity8 , higher occurrence of defects in multiple territories and higher CAC score (all with P<0.05). Univariate Cox proportional hazard-models showed that severe perfusion abnormalities as well as CAC score >= 1000 were significantly associated with @entity3 (P<0.0001, P=0.0056). In stepwise Cox proportional hazards-models considering age, gender, history of @entity1 , post-stress left ventricular stunning, the degree of perfusion abnormality and CAC score, only severe perfusion abnormalities and CAC score >= 1000 were independent predictors of @entity3 . There was no @entity3 in @entity0 with normal perfusion, normal function and zero CAC score. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that combined evaluation of MPI and CAC can predict the outcome in @entity5 individuals, while severe perfusion abnormality on gated-SPET and high CAC score >= 1000 are predictors of future @entity3 .

title: Prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary artery @entity6 measurements in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is highly prevalent in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), owing to clustering of traditional and uremic-specific risk factors. However, in this population asymptomatic course of @entity4 is common and it has been reported that myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single-photon emission tomography (SPET) has lower sensitivity. In the current study, we assessed the value of MPI gated-SPET and its combination with coronary artery @entity6 (CAC) score measurements in risk stratification of @entity5 @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MPI gated-SPET was performed with dual-headed SPET camera and CAC score measured by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) system.There were tested 77 @entity5 individuals. During the follow-up study, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) defined as @entity2 or nonfatal @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or the necessity for coronary revascularization were recorded. Univariate and stepwise multivariable Cox proportional hazards-models were used to identify the predictors of @entity3 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity3 were recorded during the follow-up. They were significantly associated with higher summed stress scores on MPI, higher percentage of @entity8 , higher occurrence of defects in multiple territories and higher CAC score (all with P<0.05). Univariate Cox proportional hazard-models showed that severe perfusion abnormalities as well as CAC score >= 1000 were significantly associated with @entity3 (P<0.0001, P=0.0056). In stepwise Cox proportional hazards-models considering age, gender, history of @entity1 , post-stress left ventricular stunning, the degree of perfusion abnormality and CAC score, only severe perfusion abnormalities and CAC score >= 1000 were independent predictors of @entity3 . There was no @entity3 in @entity0 with normal perfusion, normal function and zero CAC score. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that combined evaluation of MPI and CAC can predict the outcome in @entity5 individuals, while severe perfusion abnormality on gated-SPET and high CAC score >= 1000 are predictors of future @entity3 .

title: Prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary artery @entity6 measurements in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This report summarizes the outcome of 56 @entity0 with @entity1 of vascular origin, 40 @entity0 with @entity3 , and 16 with @entity2 . All @entity0 had computerized tomography: occlusive @entity4 was diagnosed in 75% of @entity0 with @entity2 and in 23% with @entity3 . Nine out of 10 @entity0 survived after early surgical evacuation of the haematoma and 4 of them recovered completely. Two @entity0 underwent only external ventricular drainage (EVD), one died after 2 days, and the other recovered with a moderate deficit. Three of 4 medically treated @entity0 died within one week; all had developed occlusive @entity4 . The fourth medically treated @entity0 recovered completely; consciousness had never deteriorated nor had occlusive @entity4 developed. Among 40 @entity0 with @entity3 , 13 developed progressive @entity5 ; 7 of them underwent decompressive craniectomy of the posterior fossa and survived. One @entity0 had only external ventricular drainage and died. Four out of the 5 medically treated @entity0 died during the acute phase. From these observations and several reports in the literature, it is concluded that both @entity2 and @entity3 should be operated on as soon as progressive @entity5 develops. This occurs more frequently in @entity0 with @entity2 than with @entity3 . Individual decision-making in each case necessitates intensive neurosurgical observation.

title: Indications for surgical treatment of @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This report summarizes the outcome of 56 @entity0 with @entity1 of vascular origin, 40 @entity0 with @entity3 , and 16 with @entity2 . All @entity0 had computerized tomography: occlusive @entity4 was diagnosed in 75% of @entity0 with @entity2 and in 23% with @entity3 . Nine out of 10 @entity0 survived after early surgical evacuation of the haematoma and 4 of them recovered completely. Two @entity0 underwent only external ventricular drainage (EVD), one died after 2 days, and the other recovered with a moderate deficit. Three of 4 medically treated @entity0 died within one week; all had developed occlusive @entity4 . The fourth medically treated @entity0 recovered completely; consciousness had never deteriorated nor had occlusive @entity4 developed. Among 40 @entity0 with @entity3 , 13 developed progressive @entity5 ; 7 of them underwent decompressive craniectomy of the posterior fossa and survived. One @entity0 had only external ventricular drainage and died. Four out of the 5 medically treated @entity0 died during the acute phase. From these observations and several reports in the literature, it is concluded that both @entity2 and @entity3 should be operated on as soon as progressive @entity5 develops. This occurs more frequently in @entity0 with @entity2 than with @entity3 . Individual decision-making in each case necessitates intensive neurosurgical observation.

title: Indications for surgical treatment of XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery is well established for the treatment of @entity4 but its use for @entity1 is novel. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 with biopsy-proven @entity1 were recruited into a two-institution, dose-escalation, phase I clinical trial using a frameless stereotactic radiosurgery system (CyberKnife). Fifteen @entity0 had primary @entity1 and 8 had @entity2 . The age range was 23 to 87 years (mean, 63 years). After undergoing computed tomography-guided percutaneous placement of two to four small metal fiducials directly into the @entity3 , @entity0 received 1,500 cGY of radiation in a single fraction using a linear accelerator mounted on a computer-controlled robotic arm. Safety, feasibility, and efficacy were studied. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 were treated with a breath-holding technique, and 14 with a respiratory-gating, automated, robotic technique. @entity3 size ranged from 1 to 5 cm in maximal diameter. There were four complications related to fiducial placement: three pneumothoraces requiring chest tube insertion and one @entity5 exacerbation. There were no grade 3 to 5 radiation-related complications. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 26 months (mean, 7.0 months). Radiographic response was scored as complete in 2 @entity0 , partial in 15, stable in 4, and progressive in 2. Four @entity0 died of non-treatment-related causes at 1, 5, 9, and 11 months after radiation. CONCLUSIONS: Single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery is safe and feasible for the treatment of selected @entity1 . Additional studies are planned to investigate the optimal radiation dose, best motion-suppression technique, and overall treatment efficacy.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for XXXX : preliminary report of a phase I trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The endoventricular circular patch plasty (Dor procedure) applies to @entity0 with a left @entity2 due to an ischemic dilated ventricle. In the present study, we analyzed left ventricular energetics in @entity0 who underwent the Dor procedure. METHODS: We measured left ventricular contractility (end-systolic elastance; Ees), afterload (effective arterial elastance; Ea), and efficiency (ventriculoarterial coupling; Ea/Ees, and the ratio of @entity1 work and pressure-volume area; SW/ @entity3 ) based on the cardiac catheterization data before and after the Dor procedure in 8 @entity0 with a postinfarction dyskinetic @entity4 . Concomitant procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting in all @entity0 , mitral valve repair in one @entity0 , and cryoablation in one @entity0 . End-systolic elastance (Ees) and Ea were approximated as follows: Ees = mean arterial pressure/minimal left ventricular volume, and Ea = maximal left ventricular pressure/(maximal left ventricular volume-minimal left ventricular volume), and thereafter Ea/Ees and SW/ @entity3 were calculated. The left ventricular volume was normalized with the body surface area. RESULTS: End-systolic elastance (Ees) increased after the Dor procedure (from 1.15 +/- 0.60 to 1.86 +/- 0.84 mm Hg x m2 x mL(-1), p < 0.01), thus resulting in an improvement in Ea/Ees and SW/ @entity3 (from 2.94 +/- 1.11 to 1.64 +/- 0.49, p < 0.01, and from 0.426 +/- 0.110 to 0.559 +/- 0.082, p < 0.01, respectively), even though Ea did not substantially change (from 2.96 +/- 0.78 to 2.74 +/- 0.55 mm Hg x m2 x mL(-1), p = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Left ventricular contractility and efficiency improves after the Dor procedure in @entity0 with a dyskinetic @entity4 . However, afterload does not change. The use of appropriate afterload-reducing therapy thus plays an especially important role in the management of @entity0 who undergo the Dor procedure.

title: Ventricular energetics in endoventricular circular patch plasty for dyskinetic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent trials with low-dose total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy demonstrated encouraging results for treating primary @entity3 (PCTCL). In this study, we assessed the feasibility of different radiation doses and estimated survival rates of different pathologic entities and stages. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively identified 45 @entity0 with PCTCL undergoing TSEB therapy between 2000 and 2015. Clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and @entity1 were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 49 courses of TSEB therapy were administered to the 45 @entity0 . There were 26 pathologically confirmed cases of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 , 10 cases of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and 9 non- @entity4 / @entity5 PCTCL @entity0 . In the @entity4 @entity0 , the overall response rate (ORR) was 92% (50% complete remission [CR]), 70% ORR in @entity5 @entity0 (50% CR), and 89% ORR in non- @entity4 / @entity5 @entity0 (78% CR). The ORR for @entity4 / @entity5 @entity0 treated with conventional dose (30-36  Gy) regimens was 92% (63% CR) and 75% (25% CR) for low-dose (<30-Gy) regimens (P=.09). In @entity4 @entity0 , the overall survival (OS) was 77  months with conventional dose regimens versus 14  months with low-dose regimens (P=.553). In @entity5 @entity0 , the median OS was 48 versus 16  months (P=.219), respectively. Median event-free survival (EFS) for @entity4 in conventional dose @entity0 versus low-dose @entity0 was 15 versus 8  months, respectively (P=.264) and 19 versus 3  months for @entity5 @entity0 (P=.457). Low-dose regimens had shorter treatment time (P=.009) and lower grade 2 adverse events (P=.043). A second TSEB course was administered in 4  @entity4 @entity0 with 100% ORR. There is a possible prognostic impact of supplemental/boost radiation (P<.001); adjuvant treatment (P<.001) and radiation tolerability (P=.021) were detected. CONCLUSIONS: TSEB therapy is an efficacious treatment modality in the treatment of several forms of @entity3 . There is a nonsignificant trend to higher and longer clinical benefit for @entity4 and @entity5 @entity0 receiving conventional dose. Low-dose TSEB regimens are well tolerated and achieve short-term palliation.

title: Total Skin Electron Beam for Primary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Purpose: : Increasing evidence has shown that @entity2 initiation and growth are nourished by a small subpopulation of @entity2 stem cells (CSCs) within the @entity2 mass. CSCs are posited to be responsible for @entity2 maintenance, growth, distant @entity1 , and relapse after curative operation. We examined the expression of CSC markers in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and correlated the results with clinicopathologic characteristics. Materials and Methods: : Immunohistochemical staining for the markers believed to be expressed in the CSCs, including @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 , and @entity4 , was performed in 82 @entity3 specimens. Results: : @entity7 expression was observed in 56% of the HCCs (46/82) and @entity5 in 6% (5/82). @entity7 expression in @entity3 significantly correlated with elevated a-fetoprotein level, microvessel invasion of @entity2 cells, and high histologic grade. In addition, @entity7 expression significantly correlated with @entity5 expression. The overall survival and relapse-free survival rates in @entity0 with @entity7 -expressing @entity3 were relatively lower than those in @entity0 with @entity7 -negative @entity3 . All but two of the 82 HCCs were negative for @entity6 and @entity4 , respectively. Conclusion: : Our results suggest that HCCs expressing @entity7 are associated with unfavorable prognostic factors and have a more aggressive clinical course than those not expressing @entity7 . Further, the expression of both @entity6 and @entity4 in paraffin-embedded @entity3 tissues appears to be rare.

title: Immunohistochemical Expression and Clinical Significance of Suggested Stem Cell Markers in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) overcrowding has reached crisis proportions in the United States. Many hospitals are seeking to identify process reengineering efforts to reduce crowding and @entity1 @entity0 length of stay (LOS). OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of a point-of-care testing (POCT) satellite laboratory in the @entity1 of a large academic medical center. SETTING: The @entity1 of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluation of physician satisfaction, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity1 LOS before and after implementation of a POCT laboratory. @entity1 LOS was measured by @entity0 chart audits. @entity4 was assessed by manual and computer audits. Clinician satisfaction surveys measured satisfaction with test @entity4 and test accuracy. RESULTS: Blood @entity2 , urine @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin, urine dipstick, @entity3 kinase-MB, and troponin tests were performed in the @entity1 POCT laboratory. Test @entity4 declined an average of 87% after the institution of POCT. The @entity1 LOS decreased for @entity0 who received pregnancy testing, urine dipstick, and cardiac markers. Although these differences were not significant for individual tests, when the tests were combined, the decreased LOS was, on average, 41.3 minutes (P =.006). Clinician satisfaction surveys documented equivalent satisfaction with test accuracy between the central laboratory and the POCT laboratory. These surveys also documented dissatisfaction with central laboratory @entity4 and increased satisfaction with @entity4 of the POCT program (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: The POCT satellite laboratory decreased test @entity4 and decreased @entity1 LOS. There was excellent satisfaction with test accuracy and @entity4 .

title: Implementation of a point-of-care satellite laboratory in the emergency department of an academic medical center. Impact on test XXXX and @entity0 emergency department length of stay.

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) overcrowding has reached crisis proportions in the United States. Many hospitals are seeking to identify process reengineering efforts to reduce crowding and @entity1 @entity0 length of stay (LOS). OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of a point-of-care testing (POCT) satellite laboratory in the @entity1 of a large academic medical center. SETTING: The @entity1 of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluation of physician satisfaction, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity1 LOS before and after implementation of a POCT laboratory. @entity1 LOS was measured by @entity0 chart audits. @entity4 was assessed by manual and computer audits. Clinician satisfaction surveys measured satisfaction with test @entity4 and test accuracy. RESULTS: Blood @entity2 , urine @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin, urine dipstick, @entity3 kinase-MB, and troponin tests were performed in the @entity1 POCT laboratory. Test @entity4 declined an average of 87% after the institution of POCT. The @entity1 LOS decreased for @entity0 who received pregnancy testing, urine dipstick, and cardiac markers. Although these differences were not significant for individual tests, when the tests were combined, the decreased LOS was, on average, 41.3 minutes (P =.006). Clinician satisfaction surveys documented equivalent satisfaction with test accuracy between the central laboratory and the POCT laboratory. These surveys also documented dissatisfaction with central laboratory @entity4 and increased satisfaction with @entity4 of the POCT program (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: The POCT satellite laboratory decreased test @entity4 and decreased @entity1 LOS. There was excellent satisfaction with test accuracy and @entity4 .

title: Implementation of a point-of-care satellite laboratory in the emergency department of an academic medical center. Impact on test @entity4 and XXXX emergency department length of stay.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 mimicking the salivary gland-type @entity2 are extremely rare. These types of @entity2 originate from submucosal bronchial glands. @entity3 is an uncommon @entity2 in this group, and only 7 cases have been reported. It is considered to be a low-grade malignant @entity2 . We report a case of @entity3 of bronchial gland origin in a 73-year-old @entity0 who presented with coughing and @entity4 . The bronchus of the left lower lobe contained a @entity2 mass that had a polypoid growth pattern. The @entity2 also extended into the pulmonary parenchyma, forming a well-circumscribed mass with a pushing margin. The @entity2 consisted of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen, while the myoepithelial cells were positive for @entity5 protein and muscle-specific actin. According to these findings, we diagnosed @entity3 . After undergoing pneumonectomy, the @entity0 has been disease free for 34 months.

title: XXXX of the lung. A case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We recently reported that a majority of opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 therapy are @entity1 sensitive. It is postulated that common @entity3 polymorphisms may be responsible. This study investigated the association between @entity4 (dbSNP @entity5 ) and @entity7 (dbSNP @entity6 ) variants on @entity1 responses among opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 maintenance therapy. METHODS: @entity1 responses including @entity1 threshold, @entity1 tolerance, and @entity1 intensity were measured using the cold pressor test. DNA was extracted from the venous blood before polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the @entity1 responses and @entity3 polymorphisms ( @entity4 and @entity7 ) using models including genotype dominant and recessive models, allelic additive models, and analysis of haplotypes and diplotypes. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity0 were recruited. With the recessive model, those with IVS2+691 homozygous CC genotype had a shorter @entity1 tolerance time than those without CC genotype (i.e., GG/GC genotype; 29.81 vs. 43.08  s, respectively, P  =  0.048). On the other hand, with diplotype analysis, @entity0 with combined homozygous 118 AA genotype and heterozygous IVS2+691 GC genotype (i.e., AC/AG diplotype) had a longer @entity1 tolerance time than those without this diplotype (49.34 vs. 31.48  s, respectively, P  =  0.043). @entity1 threshold was not associated with any of the @entity4 and @entity7 variations despite being analyzed using various models (all P  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: The IVS2+691 CC genotype and AC/AG diplotype of @entity4 and @entity7 seem to have opposing roles in @entity1 tolerance among opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 therapy. Haplotypes of @entity3 may be associated with altered binding affinity.

title: The Opposing Roles of IVS2+691 CC Genotype and AC/AG Diplotype of @entity4 and XXXX of @entity3 Polymorphisms in Cold Pain Tolerance Among Opioid-Dependent Malay Males on @entity2 Therapy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We recently reported that a majority of opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 therapy are @entity1 sensitive. It is postulated that common @entity3 polymorphisms may be responsible. This study investigated the association between @entity4 (dbSNP @entity5 ) and @entity7 (dbSNP @entity6 ) variants on @entity1 responses among opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 maintenance therapy. METHODS: @entity1 responses including @entity1 threshold, @entity1 tolerance, and @entity1 intensity were measured using the cold pressor test. DNA was extracted from the venous blood before polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the @entity1 responses and @entity3 polymorphisms ( @entity4 and @entity7 ) using models including genotype dominant and recessive models, allelic additive models, and analysis of haplotypes and diplotypes. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity0 were recruited. With the recessive model, those with IVS2+691 homozygous CC genotype had a shorter @entity1 tolerance time than those without CC genotype (i.e., GG/GC genotype; 29.81 vs. 43.08  s, respectively, P  =  0.048). On the other hand, with diplotype analysis, @entity0 with combined homozygous 118 AA genotype and heterozygous IVS2+691 GC genotype (i.e., AC/AG diplotype) had a longer @entity1 tolerance time than those without this diplotype (49.34 vs. 31.48  s, respectively, P  =  0.043). @entity1 threshold was not associated with any of the @entity4 and @entity7 variations despite being analyzed using various models (all P  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: The IVS2+691 CC genotype and AC/AG diplotype of @entity4 and @entity7 seem to have opposing roles in @entity1 tolerance among opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 therapy. Haplotypes of @entity3 may be associated with altered binding affinity.

title: The Opposing Roles of IVS2+691 CC Genotype and AC/AG Diplotype of @entity4 and @entity7 of XXXX Polymorphisms in Cold Pain Tolerance Among Opioid-Dependent Malay Males on @entity2 Therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We recently reported that a majority of opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 therapy are @entity1 sensitive. It is postulated that common @entity3 polymorphisms may be responsible. This study investigated the association between @entity4 (dbSNP @entity5 ) and @entity7 (dbSNP @entity6 ) variants on @entity1 responses among opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 maintenance therapy. METHODS: @entity1 responses including @entity1 threshold, @entity1 tolerance, and @entity1 intensity were measured using the cold pressor test. DNA was extracted from the venous blood before polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the @entity1 responses and @entity3 polymorphisms ( @entity4 and @entity7 ) using models including genotype dominant and recessive models, allelic additive models, and analysis of haplotypes and diplotypes. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity0 were recruited. With the recessive model, those with IVS2+691 homozygous CC genotype had a shorter @entity1 tolerance time than those without CC genotype (i.e., GG/GC genotype; 29.81 vs. 43.08  s, respectively, P  =  0.048). On the other hand, with diplotype analysis, @entity0 with combined homozygous 118 AA genotype and heterozygous IVS2+691 GC genotype (i.e., AC/AG diplotype) had a longer @entity1 tolerance time than those without this diplotype (49.34 vs. 31.48  s, respectively, P  =  0.043). @entity1 threshold was not associated with any of the @entity4 and @entity7 variations despite being analyzed using various models (all P  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: The IVS2+691 CC genotype and AC/AG diplotype of @entity4 and @entity7 seem to have opposing roles in @entity1 tolerance among opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 therapy. Haplotypes of @entity3 may be associated with altered binding affinity.

title: The Opposing Roles of IVS2+691 CC Genotype and AC/AG Diplotype of @entity4 and @entity7 of @entity3 Polymorphisms in Cold Pain Tolerance Among Opioid-Dependent Malay Males on XXXX Therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We recently reported that a majority of opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 therapy are @entity1 sensitive. It is postulated that common @entity3 polymorphisms may be responsible. This study investigated the association between @entity4 (dbSNP @entity5 ) and @entity7 (dbSNP @entity6 ) variants on @entity1 responses among opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 maintenance therapy. METHODS: @entity1 responses including @entity1 threshold, @entity1 tolerance, and @entity1 intensity were measured using the cold pressor test. DNA was extracted from the venous blood before polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the @entity1 responses and @entity3 polymorphisms ( @entity4 and @entity7 ) using models including genotype dominant and recessive models, allelic additive models, and analysis of haplotypes and diplotypes. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity0 were recruited. With the recessive model, those with IVS2+691 homozygous CC genotype had a shorter @entity1 tolerance time than those without CC genotype (i.e., GG/GC genotype; 29.81 vs. 43.08  s, respectively, P  =  0.048). On the other hand, with diplotype analysis, @entity0 with combined homozygous 118 AA genotype and heterozygous IVS2+691 GC genotype (i.e., AC/AG diplotype) had a longer @entity1 tolerance time than those without this diplotype (49.34 vs. 31.48  s, respectively, P  =  0.043). @entity1 threshold was not associated with any of the @entity4 and @entity7 variations despite being analyzed using various models (all P  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: The IVS2+691 CC genotype and AC/AG diplotype of @entity4 and @entity7 seem to have opposing roles in @entity1 tolerance among opioid-dependent Malay males on @entity2 therapy. Haplotypes of @entity3 may be associated with altered binding affinity.

title: The Opposing Roles of IVS2+691 CC Genotype and AC/AG Diplotype of XXXX and @entity7 of @entity3 Polymorphisms in Cold Pain Tolerance Among Opioid-Dependent Malay Males on @entity2 Therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plant pathogens face different environmental clues depending on the stage of the @entity0 cycle they are in. @entity7 infects small grain cereals producing @entity8 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) that act as virulence factor in the interaction with the plant and have important food safety implications. This study addresses at the proteomic level the effect of an environmental stimulus (such as the presence of a @entity5 like @entity6 ) possibly encountered by the fungus when it is already within the plant. Because biological diversity affects the proteome significantly, a multistrain (n=3) comparative approach was used to identify consistent effects caused on the fungus by the @entity2 source ( @entity6 or @entity1 ). Proteomics analyses were performed by the use of 2D-DIGE. Results showed that @entity6 augmented @entity3 production but not equally in all strains. The @entity5 reshaped drastically the proteome of the fungus activating specific pathways linked to the translational control within the cell. Chromatin restructuring, ribosomal regulations, protein and mRNA processing enzymes were modulated by the @entity6 stimulus as well as metabolic, structural and virulence-related proteins, suggesting the need to reshape specifically the fungal cell for @entity3 production, a key step for the pathogen spread within the spike. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Induction of toxin synthesis by plant compounds plays a crucial role in toxin contamination of food and feed, in particular @entity8 @entity3 produced mainly by @entity7 on @entity4 . This work describes the level of diversity of 3 strains facing 2 toxin inducing plant derived compounds. This knowledge is of use for the research community on toxigenic Fusarium strains in cereals for understanding the role of fungal diversity in toxin inducibility. This work also suggests that environmental clues that can be found within the plant during @entity0 (like different @entity2 compounds) are crucial stimuli for reshaping the proteome profile and consequently the specialization profiling of the fungus, ultimately leading to very different toxin contamination levels in the plant.

title: A XXXX -comparative proteomic approach identifies regulatory changes triggered by @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plant pathogens face different environmental clues depending on the stage of the @entity0 cycle they are in. @entity7 infects small grain cereals producing @entity8 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) that act as virulence factor in the interaction with the plant and have important food safety implications. This study addresses at the proteomic level the effect of an environmental stimulus (such as the presence of a @entity5 like @entity6 ) possibly encountered by the fungus when it is already within the plant. Because biological diversity affects the proteome significantly, a multistrain (n=3) comparative approach was used to identify consistent effects caused on the fungus by the @entity2 source ( @entity6 or @entity1 ). Proteomics analyses were performed by the use of 2D-DIGE. Results showed that @entity6 augmented @entity3 production but not equally in all strains. The @entity5 reshaped drastically the proteome of the fungus activating specific pathways linked to the translational control within the cell. Chromatin restructuring, ribosomal regulations, protein and mRNA processing enzymes were modulated by the @entity6 stimulus as well as metabolic, structural and virulence-related proteins, suggesting the need to reshape specifically the fungal cell for @entity3 production, a key step for the pathogen spread within the spike. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Induction of toxin synthesis by plant compounds plays a crucial role in toxin contamination of food and feed, in particular @entity8 @entity3 produced mainly by @entity7 on @entity4 . This work describes the level of diversity of 3 strains facing 2 toxin inducing plant derived compounds. This knowledge is of use for the research community on toxigenic Fusarium strains in cereals for understanding the role of fungal diversity in toxin inducibility. This work also suggests that environmental clues that can be found within the plant during @entity0 (like different @entity2 compounds) are crucial stimuli for reshaping the proteome profile and consequently the specialization profiling of the fungus, ultimately leading to very different toxin contamination levels in the plant.

title: A @entity7 -comparative proteomic approach identifies regulatory changes triggered by XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the specific antitumor immunity induced by antigen peptide mixture prepared from different @entity1 cells and the cross-reaction among the mixtures of different cell lines. METHODS: Antigen peptide mixtures were prepared from different @entity2 cell lines and then bound with @entity3 in vitro. The activation and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were observed after the stimulation by different @entity3 -peptide complexes. The @entity0 of such activated PBMCs to different target cells was assayed. RESULTS: The antigen peptides from different @entity2 cell lines were mixed ones, which could activate PBMC effectively with @entity3 and stimulate the activated PBMC to proliferate. The proliferative PBMC had specific @entity0 to the corresponding @entity2 cells. To Hut-78 cell, Molt-4 cell and Jurkat cell, the @entity0 of PBMC activated by either Hut78-peptides or Molt-4-peptides was significantly stronger than that of PBMC activated by HL-60-peptides (P < 0.05). The @entity0 to Jurkat cell of PBMC activated by Hut78/Molt-4-peptides was significantly stronger than that of PBMC activated by Hut78-peptides or Molt-4-peptides alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Antigen peptide mixture from @entity1 cells is able to induce specific antitumor immunity. There is a cross-reactivity among antigen peptide mixtures from different @entity1 cell lines, with the more crossed antigen peptides obtained from the mixtures of different antigen peptides from different @entity1 cell lines, which suggests that the antigen peptide mixture with broad antigenic spectrum could possibly be prepared by using multiple @entity2 cell lines.

title: [Specific anti-tumor immunity and its cross-reaction induced by antigen peptide mixture prepared from different XXXX cell lines].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12 with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is prevalent and often accompanied by the @entity6 . Current treatment options are limited. Here we test the hypothesis that combined A1/A2B @entity13 receptor blockade is beneficial in obese ZSF1 @entity3 , an animal model of HFpEF with the @entity6 . @entity18 , a combined A1/A2B receptor antagonist, was administered orally (10 mg/kg/day) to obese ZSF1 @entity3 (n=10) for 24 weeks (from 20 to 44 weeks-of-age). Untreated ZSF1 @entity3 (n=9) served as controls. After 24 weeks of administration, @entity18 significantly lowered plasma @entity14 (mg/dL: Control Group, 4351    550; @entity18 Group, 2900    551) without adversely affecting plasma @entity4 or activating renin release. @entity18 significantly decreased 24-hour urinary @entity10 excretion (mg/kg/day: Control Group, 823    179; @entity18 Group, 196    80) and improved oral @entity10 tolerance, @entity17 , and @entity15 . @entity18 significantly augmented left ventricular diastolic function in association with a @entity7 and @entity7 . @entity18 significantly reduced 24-hour urinary protein excretion (mg/kg/day: Control Group, 1702    263; @entity18 Group, 1076    238), and this was associated with a reduction in @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity8 , and deposition of proteinaceous material in the tubules. These findings show that in a model of HFpEF with the @entity6 , A1/A2B receptor inhibition improves @entity9 , exerts antidiabetic actions, reduces HFpEF, improves cardiac histopathology, and affords renal protection. We conclude that chronic administration of combined A1/A2B receptor antagonists could be beneficial in @entity0 with HFpEF, particularly those with comorbidities such as @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity16 .

title: Dual A1/A2B Receptor Blockade Improves Cardiac and Renal Outcomes in a @entity3 Model of XXXX with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

answer: @entity12


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12 with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is prevalent and often accompanied by the @entity6 . Current treatment options are limited. Here we test the hypothesis that combined A1/A2B @entity13 receptor blockade is beneficial in obese ZSF1 @entity3 , an animal model of HFpEF with the @entity6 . @entity18 , a combined A1/A2B receptor antagonist, was administered orally (10 mg/kg/day) to obese ZSF1 @entity3 (n=10) for 24 weeks (from 20 to 44 weeks-of-age). Untreated ZSF1 @entity3 (n=9) served as controls. After 24 weeks of administration, @entity18 significantly lowered plasma @entity14 (mg/dL: Control Group, 4351    550; @entity18 Group, 2900    551) without adversely affecting plasma @entity4 or activating renin release. @entity18 significantly decreased 24-hour urinary @entity10 excretion (mg/kg/day: Control Group, 823    179; @entity18 Group, 196    80) and improved oral @entity10 tolerance, @entity17 , and @entity15 . @entity18 significantly augmented left ventricular diastolic function in association with a @entity7 and @entity7 . @entity18 significantly reduced 24-hour urinary protein excretion (mg/kg/day: Control Group, 1702    263; @entity18 Group, 1076    238), and this was associated with a reduction in @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity8 , and deposition of proteinaceous material in the tubules. These findings show that in a model of HFpEF with the @entity6 , A1/A2B receptor inhibition improves @entity9 , exerts antidiabetic actions, reduces HFpEF, improves cardiac histopathology, and affords renal protection. We conclude that chronic administration of combined A1/A2B receptor antagonists could be beneficial in @entity0 with HFpEF, particularly those with comorbidities such as @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity16 .

title: Dual A1/A2B Receptor Blockade Improves Cardiac and Renal Outcomes in a XXXX Model of @entity12 with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Male Fischer @entity0 received daily intraperitoneal injections of @entity1 (IV preparation containing CsA + @entity6 ) diluted in @entity4 or in @entity4 + @entity6 . At the dose of 100 mg and 50 mg/kg/day the animals developed @entity2 , @entity3 and died at 4-7 days. Light microscopy at 7 days in these @entity0 showed diffuse vacuolization of all segments of the proximal tubules which was very extensive in the outer stripe. At the dose of 25 mg and 15 mg/kg/day animals were free of symptoms and were sacrificed at day 15 for functional and histological studies. Light and electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic vacuolization in all segments of the proximal tubules. Crystal structures were observed in the experimental animals as well as in the control group that received @entity6 + @entity4 . The CsA blood levels were at the range of 134-236 ng/ml. Reduction of the glomerular filtration rate was observed in experimental animals as compared with the controls. We concluded that CsA is not the cause of an @entity5 in the Fischer @entity0 and that CsA is nephrotoxic to all segments of the proximal tubules. The @entity6 is the cause of the crystal structures seen in the proximal tubules.

title: XXXX nephrotoxicity in the Fischer @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Male Fischer @entity0 received daily intraperitoneal injections of @entity1 (IV preparation containing CsA + @entity6 ) diluted in @entity4 or in @entity4 + @entity6 . At the dose of 100 mg and 50 mg/kg/day the animals developed @entity2 , @entity3 and died at 4-7 days. Light microscopy at 7 days in these @entity0 showed diffuse vacuolization of all segments of the proximal tubules which was very extensive in the outer stripe. At the dose of 25 mg and 15 mg/kg/day animals were free of symptoms and were sacrificed at day 15 for functional and histological studies. Light and electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic vacuolization in all segments of the proximal tubules. Crystal structures were observed in the experimental animals as well as in the control group that received @entity6 + @entity4 . The CsA blood levels were at the range of 134-236 ng/ml. Reduction of the glomerular filtration rate was observed in experimental animals as compared with the controls. We concluded that CsA is not the cause of an @entity5 in the Fischer @entity0 and that CsA is nephrotoxic to all segments of the proximal tubules. The @entity6 is the cause of the crystal structures seen in the proximal tubules.

title: @entity1 nephrotoxicity in the Fischer XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychogenic @entity3 pose formidable challenges to diagnosis and treatment reflecting our limited understanding of the basic brain mechanisms that cause them. Recently, functional brain imaging has been utilized to study @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: To identify characteristic patterns of cerebral perfusion distinguishing psychogenic @entity2 (PT) from essential @entity2 (ET). METHODS: We studied five @entity0 each with PT, ET and normal controls. SPECT imaging was performed at rest and during a @entity2 -inducing motor task. RESULTS: In ET, rest imaging revealed increased @entity5 (relative cerebral blood flow) in cerebellar hemispheres and @entity1 . During the motor task, ET @entity0 demonstrated increased @entity5 in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and contralateral motor cortex and reduced @entity5 in the cerebellum and visual cortex. In contrast, PT images at rest revealed increased @entity5 in @entity4 . Motor task imaging revealed increased @entity5 in the cerebellum and reduced @entity5 in anterior regions of the default mode network. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed distinct patterns of cerebral perfusion during rest and motor task that distinguish PT from ET. Deactivation of the default mode network may serve as a marker for @entity3 .

title: SPECT perfusion patterns distinguish psychogenic from essential XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Over a period of 30 months, 64 @entity0 with concurrently positive @entity1 surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) were identified at two institutions. When all assays were considered, 23.9% of HBsAg-positive individuals exhibited anti-HBs. Both persistent HBsAg/anti-HBs positivity and variable changes in antigen or antibody status were observed among the 36 @entity0 with follow-up beyond six months. When compared to a control group, these @entity0 did not exhibit differences in risk factors for acquiring @entity1 or in clinical and histological diagnoses. Concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBs was present at detection in 25 patients, while antibody appeared in the remaining 11 subjects. Subsequently, it was undetectable in seven of these 36 @entity0 ; no clinical changes occurred at the time of acquisition or loss of the antibody. The titer of the antibody was below 10 mIU/ml in 75% of these individuals. In 10 @entity0 , the subtype of HBsAg was ad, while the anti-HBs was anti-y. Concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBs is a pattern frequently observed throughout the spectrum of @entity1 -related events. The heterotypic antibody in these @entity0 is of a low titer, and its appearance or disappearance is not associated with changes in the clinical course; simultaneous HBsAg/anti-HBs positivity does not appear to reflect a distinct clinical entity.

title: Clinical significance of concurrent XXXX surface antigen and antibody positivity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fondaparinux (Arixtra) is the first of a new class of selective indirect @entity9 -dependent factor Xa inhibitors, which inhibits thrombin generation. Fondaparinux is a completely synthetic @entity12 . It is a single molecular entity with a well-defined pharmacological target. Fondaparinux has nearly complete bioavailability after subcutaneous injection. The pharmacokinetics of fondaparinux appears predictable and consistent. The peak plasma level is obtained about 2 h after the subcutaneous injection, indicating that a rapid onset of antithrombotic activity is obtained on initiation of treatment. The elimination half-life is about 17 h and it is dose-independent, which allows a convenient once-daily dosing regimen. Fondaparinux is eliminated exclusively by the kidneys. Thus, the estimation of the renal function especially in elderly @entity0 is important for the treatment with @entity13 , whereas it is contraindicated in @entity0 with severe @entity1 . Phase II clinical studies have identified a subcutaneous dose of 2.5 mg once daily for prophylaxis of @entity6 in @entity0 undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. Four phase-III clinical trials using bilateral phlebography for the diagnosis of @entity11 , demonstrated a combined 50% relative risk reduction of asymptomatic venous @entity4 in orthopaedic surgery @entity0 in comparison to the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin. @entity2 for fondaparinux were either comparable or higher than those for LMWH but the authors did not judge that the increased bleeding was clinically relevant. A dose ranging study led to the selection of the dose of 7.5 mg at a single daily subcutaneous injection as optimal for the treatment of VTE. In two phase III clinical trials, the dose of 7.5 mg/day is expected to be as efficacious and safe as heparin for the treatment of @entity11 or PE, respectively. Phase II studies show that the efficacy-to-safety ratio of fondaparinux in the treatment of @entity8 or as an adjunct to thrombolysis in acute @entity3 is promising. These results demonstrated that a single anti-Xa agent devoid of @entity9 activity is a potent antithrombotic drug. Fondaparinux has obtained FDA and European health authorities approval. Its use on a large scale will allow the evaluation of its efficacy and tolerance in the daily clinical practice. Chemical modifications of the original synthetic @entity12 increase the affinity to @entity5 resulting in a more potent inhibition of @entity10 and longer half-life. Idraparinux is the first of these new oligosaccharides that we named "meta-pentasaccharides." After subcutaneous injection the half-life of idraparinux is about 80 h allowing a single injection per week. A dose-finding study has established the optimal dose given once a week to be compared with @entity7 for the treatment of @entity11 .

title: Evaluation of the pharmacological properties and clinical results of the synthetic XXXX (fondaparinux).

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with an increased risk of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) incidence and mortality, but the relative importance of different socioeconomic resources at different stages of the disease remains unclear. METHODS: A nationally representative register-based sample of 40- to 60-year-old Finnish @entity0 and @entity0 in 1995 (n = 302 885) were followed up for @entity4 incidence and mortality in 1996-2007. We compared the effects of education, occupation, income and wealth on first @entity4 incidence, first-day and long-term fatality. Cox's proportional hazards regression and logistic regression models were estimated adjusting for SEP covariates simultaneously to assess independent effects. RESULTS: Fully adjusted models showed greatest relative inequalities of @entity4 incidence by wealth in both sexes, with an increased risk also associated with manual occupations. Education was a significant predictor of incidence in @entity0 . Low income was associated with a greater risk of @entity1 on the day of @entity4 incidence [odds ratio (OR) = 1.40 in @entity0 and 1.95 in @entity0 when comparing lowest and highest income quintiles], and in @entity0 , with long-term fatality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.74]. Wealth contributed to inequalities in first-day fatality in @entity0 and in long-term fatality in both sexes. CONCLUSION: The results show that different socioeconomic resources have diverse effects on the disease process and add new evidence on the significant association of wealth with @entity2 onset and fatality. Targeting those with the least resources could improve survival in @entity4 @entity0 and help reduce social inequalities in @entity3 mortality.

title: Disentangling the relative importance of different socioeconomic resources for XXXX incidence and survival: a longitudinal study of over 300 000 Finnish adults.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-report bias in surveys of @entity1 consumption is widely documented; however, less is known about the distribution of such bias by socioeconomic status (SES) and about the possible impact on social disparities. This study aims to assess social disparities in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to analyze how correcting @entity1 consumption data for self-report bias may affect estimates of disparities. METHODS: National survey data from 13 countries, Canada, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland and USA, are used to examine social disparities in @entity2 by SES and education level. Defining @entity2 as drinking above 3 drinks/day for @entity0 and 2 for @entity0 , social disparities were assessed by calculating country-level concentration indexes. Aggregate consumption data were used to correct survey-based estimates for self-report bias. RESULTS: Survey data show that more-educated @entity0 are more likely than less-educated @entity0 to engage in @entity2 , while the opposite is observed in @entity0 in most countries. Large discrepancies in @entity1 consumption between survey-based and aggregate estimates were found. Correcting for self-report bias increased estimates of social disparities in @entity0 , and decreased them in @entity0 , to the point that gradients were reversed in several countries (from higher rates in low education/SES @entity0 to an opposite pattern). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of a likely misestimation of social disparities in @entity2 , in both @entity0 and @entity0 , due to self-report bias in @entity1 consumption surveys. This study contributes to a better knowledge of the social dimensions of @entity2 and to the targeting of @entity1 policies.

title: Social disparities in hazardous XXXX use: self-report bias may lead to incorrect estimates.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this article we give an overview of the transmissible spongiform @entity1 , with emphasis on the evidence for the distribution of abnormal prions in tissues. The normal @entity3 is distributed ubiquitously throughout @entity0 body tissues. Endogenous expression of the normal @entity3 , as well as auxiliary proteins, plays a part in accumulation of the abnormal @entity3 . As exemplified by @entity2 ( @entity2 ) the abnormal @entity3 can accumulate in the host lymphoid system, in particular the follicular dendritic cells. The route for the disease-related prion neuroinvasion is likely to involve the peripheral nervous system. An alternative route may involve blood constituents. Both animal studies and studies on @entity2 @entity0 suggest a potential for abnormal prion distribution in several peripheral tissues other than the lymphoreticular system. In @entity0 beings the abnormal prion has been reported in the brain, tonsils, spleen, lymph node, retina, and proximal optic nerve. Infectivity, although present in peripheral tissues, is at lower levels than in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal models suggest that the growth of infectivity in the CNS is likely to be gradual with maximum values during the clinical phase of disease. That tissues may harbour the abnormal prion, at different levels of infectivity, during the incubation period of the disease raises concerns of iatrogenic transmission of the disease either after surgery, blood transfusion, or accidental organ transplantation from donors in the preclinical phase of the disease.

title: Organ distribution of prion proteins in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a nodal B lymphoid malignancy that originates from the germinal center of a lymph node. @entity4 is the second most frequent @entity3 subtype. The course of the disease is usually characterised by a typically indolent clinical course, with a median survival rate of 8-10 years, although most @entity0 relapse after treatment. Diagnosis should always be based on a surgical specimen like an excisional node lymph biopsy. The first-line treatment of @entity4 will depend of extension disease, @entity1 burden, @entity0 symptoms, performance status and also @entity0 decision. The addition of rituximab to conventional chemotherapy has improved ORR, PFS and @entity5 . As first line in @entity0 that need treatment, a combination of chemotherapy with rituximab induction followed by 2 years of rituximab maintenance is the best option. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation in first line has not shown improvement and is not recommended as first-line therapy. Before any treatment decision in relapsed @entity0 , a repeat biopsy is mandatory to rule out a transformation into large cell @entity2 . Standard treatment is controversial, depends on the efficacy of prior treatment, duration of the time-to-relapse, @entity0 's age and histological findings at relapse.

title: SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after esophagectomy have been reported to occur in 15-30% of @entity0 and are the most common causes of major morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for the development of @entity2 include @entity1 , cardiac reserve, aerobic capacity, and body composition. Physical activity is associated with these factors but has not been examined in relation to the risk of developing a PPC. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate if there was a difference in physical activity levels, lung function, and body composition in @entity0 who developed a PPC post-esphagectomy compared with those who did not. Consecutive @entity0 were studied preoperatively: (i) lung function with a portable micro-medical spirometer; (ii) body composition analysis using a Tanita BC 418 machine (Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan); and (iii) physical activity with an accelerometer (RT3, (StayHealthy, Monrovia, CA, USA)). Thirty-seven @entity0 were studied, mean age 61    9 years. @entity2 developed in 10 @entity0 (27%). Smoking status, lung function, and body composition were similar in both groups. For physical activity, there were significant differences in the time spent sedentary (20.0    1.5 h/day [PPC], 18.4    2.1 h/day [non-PPC]; P < 0.05) and in moderate activity (20    13.7 min/day [PPC], 36    20.7 min/day [non PPC]; P < 0.01). @entity0 who developed a PPC engaged in less physical activity than those who did not; hence, targeting physical activity preoperatively may result in less @entity2 .

title: Preoperative physical activity levels and XXXX post-esophagectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Subgroup J avian leucosis virus ( @entity1 -J) causes great economic losses in the poultry industry. One in 3 grandparent farms was closed due to @entity1 -J infection in 1998 in Taiwan. The remaining 2 farms were forced to import breeding chicks from different breeding companies afterwards. We report on the @entity1 -J infection status among these breeders, their progeny and Taiwan native @entity0 during 2000-2002. The weekly mortality for the male line among the infected breeders was higher than that for the female line. Sixty-three percent (5/8) of the broiler flocks were infected with @entity1 -J. The surface (SU) portion of the @entity2 gene from the @entity1 -J field isolates was cloned and sequenced. The phylogenetic results show that all of the isolates fell into 2 clusters. Unexpectedly, the isolates from the same breeds fell into different clusters, with a cluster including isolates from different breeding companies. @entity1 -Js from native @entity0 crossbred with imported @entity0 were placed into the same clusters as those from the imported breeds. The high similarities observed in different @entity1 -J isolates suggest that different @entity1 -Js were mixed in the pedigree generations in different breeding lines.

title: Phylogenetic analysis of subgroup J avian leucosis virus from broiler and native XXXX in Taiwan during 2000-2002.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 (or @entity3 ), also known as folie    deux, is a fairly uncommon disturbance characterized by the presence of similar @entity1 in two or more individuals. Most often the symptoms are delusional. Usually the 'primary' case, i.e. the individual who first develops @entity1 , can be distinguished from one or more 'secondary' cases, in whom the symptoms are induced. We discuss the concept of @entity3 and consider various aetiological, clinical and diagnostic issues related to the disturbance. We also describe a case of folie    famille, this condition being a type of @entity3 . The case involves a couple and their 12-year-old son. The @entity0 's father is the 'primary' case, whilst the @entity0 and his mother are both 'secondary' cases. The @entity0 was admitted to our @entity0 and adolescent psychiatric unit for in- @entity0 treatment. Treatment success was moderate in terms of improving the features of folie    famille in the three individuals involved.

title: XXXX . a review of the concept and an unusual case of folie    famille.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Malnutrition represents a serious health care threat, as it increases morbidity, mortality and health care cost. The effective screening and treatment with enteral (EN) or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) nutrition are the key elements of the policy called Optimal Nutrition Care for All (ONCA). The study tried to analyze the impact of the state's economy on the implementation of EN and @entity1 to define its role in ONCA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: an international survey in twenty two European countries was performed between January and December 2014. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to 22 representatives of clinical nutrition ( @entity2 ) societies. The questionnaire comprised questions regarding country economy, reimbursement, education and the use EN and @entity1 . Return rate was 90.1% (n  =  20). RESULTS: EN and @entity1 were used in all countries surveyed (100%), but to different extent. The country's income significantly influenced the reimbursement for EN and @entity1 (p  <  0.05). It was also associated with the overall use of tube feeding and @entity1 (p  =  0.05), but not with the use of oral nutritional supplements (p  =  0.165). The use of both, EN and @entity1 at hospitals was not depended on the economy (p  >  0.05). Education was actively carried out in all countries, however the teaching at the pre-graduate level was the least widespread, and also correlated with the country income (p  =  0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that economic situation influences all aspects of ONCA, including education and treatment. The reimbursement for EN and @entity1 seemed to be the key factor of effective campaign against @entity0 .

title: Economy matters to fight against XXXX : Results from a multicenter survey.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is increasing, relatively little is known about @entity0 characteristics in Spain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical profile and therapeutic strategies in @entity0 attending Spanish specialists for @entity4 caused by grass pollen or house-dust mites (HDMs). METHODS: This was a multicenter cross-sectional epidemiological study of consecutive @entity0 aged >= 5 years with confirmed diagnosis of @entity4 caused by grass pollen or HDMs attending @entity3 specialists throughout Spain. Demographic and clinical data and information on treatment were collected. RESULTS: Data from 1043 @entity0 were analyzed (524 with grass pollen @entity3 and 519 with @entity3 ; mean age, 27.1 years). Three-quarters had persistent @entity4 as per the @entity4 and Its Impact on Asthma ( @entity5 ) definition, with disease duration of >2 years in 94.3% of those with pollen @entity3 and 85.5% of those with @entity3 . Approximately 38% had concurrent @entity2 . Over one-half of the @entity0 were considered to have gotten worse since the first onset of symptoms. In total, 51.5% did not achieve @entity1 control with pharmacotherapy and 47.7% were treated with immunotherapy (52.2% of HDM allergic @entity0 and 43.2% of grass pollen-allergic @entity0 ). CONCLUSION: The duration of @entity4 in @entity0 attended for the first time by specialists is long and, in general, the disease does not improve over time and is often not well controlled with pharmacologic interventions. Less than one-half of @entity0 receive allergen-specific immunotherapy that is more often prescribed in @entity3 .

title: Epidemiology of XXXX caused by grass pollen or house-dust mites in Spain.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of tear osmolarity in the diagnosis of @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, observational case series to determine the clinical usefulness of tear osmolarity and commonly used objective tests to diagnose @entity1 . METHODS: A multicenter, 10-site study consisting of 314 consecutive subjects between 18 and 82 years of age. Bilateral tear osmolarity, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), corneal staining, conjunctival staining, Schirmer test, and meibomian gland grading were performed. Diagnostic performance was measured against a composite index of objective measurements that classified subjects as having normal, mild or moderate, or severe @entity0 . The main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and intereye variability. RESULTS: Of the 6 tests, tear osmolarity was found to have superior diagnostic performance. The most sensitive threshold between normal and mild or moderate subjects was found to be 308 mOsms/L, whereas the most specific was found at 315 mOsms/L. At a cutoff of 312 mOsms/L, tear hyperosmolarity exhibited 73% sensitivity and 92% specificity. By contrast, the other common tests exhibited either poor sensitivity (corneal staining, 54%; conjunctival staining, 60%; meibomian gland grading, 61%) or poor specificity ( @entity2 , 45%; Schirmer test, 51%). Tear osmolarity also had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.89). Intereye differences in osmolarity were found to correlate with increasing disease severity (r(2) = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Tear osmolarity is the best single metric both to diagnose and classify @entity1 . Intereye variability is a characteristic of @entity0 not seen in normal subjects.

title: Tear osmolarity in the diagnosis and management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity10 is a competitive inhibitor of intestinal alpha-glycosidases that slows the breakdown of @entity4 and starch, thereby reducing @entity2 and @entity3 absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity10 treatment on antioxidant parameters and deposition of type I collagen in the parotid glands of @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 was induced by intravenous injection of @entity7 , and @entity1 were divided into four groups: non- @entity0 (NDM), @entity0 ( @entity8 ), @entity0 treated with 25mg/kg @entity10 ( @entity6 ) and non- @entity0 treated with @entity10 (NDMA). Changes in enzymatic antioxidant systems, such as the activity of SOD and GPx enzymes, were evaluated, and the specific staining pattern of the type I collagen fibres was investigated in the @entity1 parotid glands. RESULTS: The @entity8 group presented high levels of SOD and GPx enzymes, which were reduced by @entity10 treatment. Tissue damage, which was indicated by an increased @entity5 concentration in the parotid glands of @entity1 in the @entity8 group, was also reversed in the @entity6 group. Moreover, type I collagen fibres from @entity8 @entity1 were more intensely stained than those of NDM @entity1 . @entity10 treatment was effective in decreasing collagen deposition, which was shown by a decrease in staining intensity of approximately 25%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the @entity0 state influences the type I collagen concentration in the parotid glands of @entity1 . In addition, @entity10 treatment was helpful in preventing the deposition of such fibres, as well the increase in oxidative stress induced by @entity9 .

title: Alterations of antioxidant biomarkers and type I collagen deposition in the parotid gland of XXXX -induced @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity10 is a competitive inhibitor of intestinal alpha-glycosidases that slows the breakdown of @entity4 and starch, thereby reducing @entity2 and @entity3 absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity10 treatment on antioxidant parameters and deposition of type I collagen in the parotid glands of @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 was induced by intravenous injection of @entity7 , and @entity1 were divided into four groups: non- @entity0 (NDM), @entity0 ( @entity8 ), @entity0 treated with 25mg/kg @entity10 ( @entity6 ) and non- @entity0 treated with @entity10 (NDMA). Changes in enzymatic antioxidant systems, such as the activity of SOD and GPx enzymes, were evaluated, and the specific staining pattern of the type I collagen fibres was investigated in the @entity1 parotid glands. RESULTS: The @entity8 group presented high levels of SOD and GPx enzymes, which were reduced by @entity10 treatment. Tissue damage, which was indicated by an increased @entity5 concentration in the parotid glands of @entity1 in the @entity8 group, was also reversed in the @entity6 group. Moreover, type I collagen fibres from @entity8 @entity1 were more intensely stained than those of NDM @entity1 . @entity10 treatment was effective in decreasing collagen deposition, which was shown by a decrease in staining intensity of approximately 25%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the @entity0 state influences the type I collagen concentration in the parotid glands of @entity1 . In addition, @entity10 treatment was helpful in preventing the deposition of such fibres, as well the increase in oxidative stress induced by @entity9 .

title: Alterations of antioxidant biomarkers and type I collagen deposition in the parotid gland of @entity7 -induced XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity10 is a competitive inhibitor of intestinal alpha-glycosidases that slows the breakdown of @entity4 and starch, thereby reducing @entity2 and @entity3 absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity10 treatment on antioxidant parameters and deposition of type I collagen in the parotid glands of @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 was induced by intravenous injection of @entity7 , and @entity1 were divided into four groups: non- @entity0 (NDM), @entity0 ( @entity8 ), @entity0 treated with 25mg/kg @entity10 ( @entity6 ) and non- @entity0 treated with @entity10 (NDMA). Changes in enzymatic antioxidant systems, such as the activity of SOD and GPx enzymes, were evaluated, and the specific staining pattern of the type I collagen fibres was investigated in the @entity1 parotid glands. RESULTS: The @entity8 group presented high levels of SOD and GPx enzymes, which were reduced by @entity10 treatment. Tissue damage, which was indicated by an increased @entity5 concentration in the parotid glands of @entity1 in the @entity8 group, was also reversed in the @entity6 group. Moreover, type I collagen fibres from @entity8 @entity1 were more intensely stained than those of NDM @entity1 . @entity10 treatment was effective in decreasing collagen deposition, which was shown by a decrease in staining intensity of approximately 25%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the @entity0 state influences the type I collagen concentration in the parotid glands of @entity1 . In addition, @entity10 treatment was helpful in preventing the deposition of such fibres, as well the increase in oxidative stress induced by @entity9 .

title: Alterations of antioxidant biomarkers and type I collagen deposition in the parotid gland of @entity7 -induced @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is a rare disease. A family with four affected newborns is described in which the course of the disease aggravated from the first to the third @entity0 . The third @entity0 died from generalized infection. In the mother's serum specific antibodies against neutrophils (anti-NA 1) were detected which reacted with cell suspensions from the father and the other @entity0 . In the fourth @entity0 no neutrophils were present even immediately after birth. In this @entity0 the diaplacental transferred antibodies were detectable in falling concentrations over 8 weeks. The number of neutrophils normalized when the antibodies disappeared. Infection in the newborn was prevented by care in an environment poor in bacteria and by antimicrobial prophylaxis. Repeated exchange transfusions with NA 1-free blood only lowered the antibody titer. Transfusions of white blood cell concentrates had only shortlived effects on the @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX : clinical observations and therapeutic results].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity1 ( @entity1 ), used mainly for commercial and recreational navigation and for urban drainage, is a 122.8 km branching network of navigable waterways controlled by hydraulic structures. The @entity1 receives pollutant loads from 3 of the largest wastewater treatment plants in the world, nearly 240 gravity Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO), 3 CSO pumping stations, direct diversions from Lake Michigan, and eleven tributary streams or drainage areas. Even though treatment plant effluent concentrations meet the applicable standards and most reaches of the @entity1 meet the applicable water quality standards, Dissolved @entity0 (DO) standards are not met in the @entity1 during some periods. A Use Attainability Analysis was initiated to evaluate what water quality standards can be achieved in the @entity1 . The UAA team identified several DO improvement alternatives including new supplementary aeration stations. Because of the dynamic nature of the @entity1 , the DUFLOW model that is capable of simulating hydraulics and water quality processes under unsteady-flow conditions was used to evaluate the effectiveness of new supplementary aeration stations. This paper details the use of the DUFLOW model to size and locate supplementary aeration stations. In order to determine the size and location of supplemental aeration stations, 90% compliance with a 5 mg/l DO standard was used as a planning target. The simulations showed that a total of four new supplementary aeration stations with @entity0 supply capacities ranging from 30 to 80 g/s would be sufficient to meet the proposed target DO concentration for the North Branch and South Branch of the Chicago River. There are several aeration technologies, two of which are already being used in the @entity1 , available and the UAA team determined that the total capital costs of the alternatives range from  35.5 to  89.9 million with annual operations and maintenance costs ranging from  554,000 to  2.14 million. Supplemental aeration stations have been shown to be a potentially effective means to improve DO concentrations in the @entity1 and will be included in developing an integrated strategy for improving water quality in the @entity1 .

title: Allocation of supplementary aeration stations in the Chicago waterway system for dissolved XXXX improvement.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the quality of the prescription of home @entity1 therapy (OT) in a health area of Murcia. METHODS: A prospective study of 125 @entity0 in a respiratory therapy clinic, evaluated with a questionnaire and blood-gas analysis while breathing ambient air. Related respiratory therapy was also assessedin @entity3 and @entity2 @entity0 . RESULTS: We studied 125 cases in the 3 months following the prescription of home @entity1 therapy in 72 @entity0 (58%) and 53 @entity0 (42%) with a mean age of 77.2    11.6. The most common type of home OT prescribed was for palliative cases in 45 @entity0 (36%), followed by @entity3 in 42 (33.6%). In 88 (92%) of the 96 medical reports that we evaluated, insufficient data as to how to administer @entity1 were available. Twenty-five percent of home OT prescriptions were given without blood-gas analyses, and in the 65 cases with a blood-gas analysis only 11 (17%) met @entity1 value criteria for home OT as per regulations. @entity1 desaturation was not present in 31% of the palliative care home OT cases. The analysis of blood-gases during the clinic visit in non-palliative care cases demonstrated that 61% did not meet the blood-gas criteria to continue on home OT. Eighty percent of @entity3 and @entity2 @entity0 on home OT did not receive the correct respiratory therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Quality problems in the prescription of home OT exist in our area. Palliative care is the principal reason for home OT prescriptions. In @entity3 and @entity2 @entity0 who receive home OT, related respiratory therapy is not ideal.

title: [Quality of initial prescription of home XXXX therapy in a healthcare area of the Murcia Region (Spain)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is considered a biomarker of @entity0 aging and based on cross-sectional studies it shortens with age. However, longitudinal studies reported that many adults display LTL lengthening. METHODS: Using Southern blots, we compared cross-sectional rates of age-related LTL change across a    20 year age range with those based on longitudinal evaluations in three surveys (S1, S2, and S3) with three time intervals: S1-S2 (5.8 years), S2-S3 (6.6 years), and S1-S3 (12.4 years). @entity2 was used to explore LTL dynamics using LTL data from S1, S2, and S3. RESULTS: Cross-sectionally, mean LTL shortenings were 24.6, 25.4, and 23.6 bp/y at S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Longitudinally, more variation was observed in the rate of LTL change during the shorter than longer follow-up periods. Furthermore, using simple differences in LTL, 14.4% and 10.7% of individuals displayed LTL lengthening during S1-S2 and S2-S3, respectively, but only 1.5% during S1-S3 (p < 0.001). The estimated mean rate of LTL @entity1 based on averaging empirical Bayes' estimates of LTL from a parsimonious @entity2 was 31 bp/y with a range from 23 to 47 bp/y with none of the @entity0 showing LTL lengthening over the average 12.4 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: As aging displays a unidirectional progression, it is unlikely that LTL elongates with age. LTL elongation in longitudinal studies primarily reflects measurement errors of LTL in relation to the duration of follow-up periods.

title: Longitudinal versus cross-sectional evaluations of leukocyte telomere length dynamics: age-dependent telomere XXXX is the rule.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Groups of male and female Fischer 344 @entity1 , B6C3F1 @entity0 , and Hartley @entity5 were exposed once for 6 hr to mean concentrations of 10.5, 5.4, 2.4, 1.0, or 0 (control) ppm of @entity11 ( @entity10 ) vapor. @entity1 and @entity0 were also exposed to 20.4 ppm of MIC. No @entity2 occurred in animals exposed to 2.4 or 1.0 ppm. The majority of @entity2 for the 20.4- and 10.5-ppm groups occurred during postexposure Days 1 through 3, while at 5.4 ppm @entity2 were observed throughout the 14-day postexposure period. The 6-hr LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) were 6.1 (4.6 to 8.2) ppm for @entity1 , 12.2 (8.4 to 17.5) ppm for @entity0 , and 5.4 (4.4 to 6.7) ppm for @entity5 . Notable clinical observations during and immediately following MIC exposure were lacrimation, perinasal/perioral wetness, @entity6 (e.g., mouth breathing), decreased activity, @entity7 , and @entity8 . The frequency of clinical signs decreased during the second postexposure week. Body weight losses were common in all species following MIC exposures of 2.4 ppm or greater. At 1.0 ppm, only female @entity0 had body weight @entity3 . Recovery of body weight loss was observed in the 5.4- ( @entity5 only), 2.4- and 1.0-ppm concentration groups. The lungs of all animals that died were discolored. Following microscopic examination of the respiratory tract, @entity2 were attributed to @entity9 and @entity4 . In a separate study, Fischer 344 @entity1 and Hartley @entity5 were exposed once for 4 hr to mean concentrations of 36.1, 25.6, 15.2, or 5.2 ppm of MIC vapor. In general, the results were similar to those of the single 6-hr exposure study.

title: Acute inhalation studies with @entity11 vapor. I. Methodology and LC50 determinations in @entity5 , XXXX , and @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Groups of male and female Fischer 344 @entity1 , B6C3F1 @entity0 , and Hartley @entity5 were exposed once for 6 hr to mean concentrations of 10.5, 5.4, 2.4, 1.0, or 0 (control) ppm of @entity11 ( @entity10 ) vapor. @entity1 and @entity0 were also exposed to 20.4 ppm of MIC. No @entity2 occurred in animals exposed to 2.4 or 1.0 ppm. The majority of @entity2 for the 20.4- and 10.5-ppm groups occurred during postexposure Days 1 through 3, while at 5.4 ppm @entity2 were observed throughout the 14-day postexposure period. The 6-hr LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) were 6.1 (4.6 to 8.2) ppm for @entity1 , 12.2 (8.4 to 17.5) ppm for @entity0 , and 5.4 (4.4 to 6.7) ppm for @entity5 . Notable clinical observations during and immediately following MIC exposure were lacrimation, perinasal/perioral wetness, @entity6 (e.g., mouth breathing), decreased activity, @entity7 , and @entity8 . The frequency of clinical signs decreased during the second postexposure week. Body weight losses were common in all species following MIC exposures of 2.4 ppm or greater. At 1.0 ppm, only female @entity0 had body weight @entity3 . Recovery of body weight loss was observed in the 5.4- ( @entity5 only), 2.4- and 1.0-ppm concentration groups. The lungs of all animals that died were discolored. Following microscopic examination of the respiratory tract, @entity2 were attributed to @entity9 and @entity4 . In a separate study, Fischer 344 @entity1 and Hartley @entity5 were exposed once for 4 hr to mean concentrations of 36.1, 25.6, 15.2, or 5.2 ppm of MIC vapor. In general, the results were similar to those of the single 6-hr exposure study.

title: Acute inhalation studies with XXXX vapor. I. Methodology and LC50 determinations in @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity0 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Groups of male and female Fischer 344 @entity1 , B6C3F1 @entity0 , and Hartley @entity5 were exposed once for 6 hr to mean concentrations of 10.5, 5.4, 2.4, 1.0, or 0 (control) ppm of @entity11 ( @entity10 ) vapor. @entity1 and @entity0 were also exposed to 20.4 ppm of MIC. No @entity2 occurred in animals exposed to 2.4 or 1.0 ppm. The majority of @entity2 for the 20.4- and 10.5-ppm groups occurred during postexposure Days 1 through 3, while at 5.4 ppm @entity2 were observed throughout the 14-day postexposure period. The 6-hr LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) were 6.1 (4.6 to 8.2) ppm for @entity1 , 12.2 (8.4 to 17.5) ppm for @entity0 , and 5.4 (4.4 to 6.7) ppm for @entity5 . Notable clinical observations during and immediately following MIC exposure were lacrimation, perinasal/perioral wetness, @entity6 (e.g., mouth breathing), decreased activity, @entity7 , and @entity8 . The frequency of clinical signs decreased during the second postexposure week. Body weight losses were common in all species following MIC exposures of 2.4 ppm or greater. At 1.0 ppm, only female @entity0 had body weight @entity3 . Recovery of body weight loss was observed in the 5.4- ( @entity5 only), 2.4- and 1.0-ppm concentration groups. The lungs of all animals that died were discolored. Following microscopic examination of the respiratory tract, @entity2 were attributed to @entity9 and @entity4 . In a separate study, Fischer 344 @entity1 and Hartley @entity5 were exposed once for 4 hr to mean concentrations of 36.1, 25.6, 15.2, or 5.2 ppm of MIC vapor. In general, the results were similar to those of the single 6-hr exposure study.

title: Acute inhalation studies with @entity11 vapor. I. Methodology and LC50 determinations in XXXX , @entity1 , and @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Groups of male and female Fischer 344 @entity1 , B6C3F1 @entity0 , and Hartley @entity5 were exposed once for 6 hr to mean concentrations of 10.5, 5.4, 2.4, 1.0, or 0 (control) ppm of @entity11 ( @entity10 ) vapor. @entity1 and @entity0 were also exposed to 20.4 ppm of MIC. No @entity2 occurred in animals exposed to 2.4 or 1.0 ppm. The majority of @entity2 for the 20.4- and 10.5-ppm groups occurred during postexposure Days 1 through 3, while at 5.4 ppm @entity2 were observed throughout the 14-day postexposure period. The 6-hr LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) were 6.1 (4.6 to 8.2) ppm for @entity1 , 12.2 (8.4 to 17.5) ppm for @entity0 , and 5.4 (4.4 to 6.7) ppm for @entity5 . Notable clinical observations during and immediately following MIC exposure were lacrimation, perinasal/perioral wetness, @entity6 (e.g., mouth breathing), decreased activity, @entity7 , and @entity8 . The frequency of clinical signs decreased during the second postexposure week. Body weight losses were common in all species following MIC exposures of 2.4 ppm or greater. At 1.0 ppm, only female @entity0 had body weight @entity3 . Recovery of body weight loss was observed in the 5.4- ( @entity5 only), 2.4- and 1.0-ppm concentration groups. The lungs of all animals that died were discolored. Following microscopic examination of the respiratory tract, @entity2 were attributed to @entity9 and @entity4 . In a separate study, Fischer 344 @entity1 and Hartley @entity5 were exposed once for 4 hr to mean concentrations of 36.1, 25.6, 15.2, or 5.2 ppm of MIC vapor. In general, the results were similar to those of the single 6-hr exposure study.

title: Acute inhalation studies with @entity11 vapor. I. Methodology and LC50 determinations in @entity5 , @entity1 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although a similar prevalence of smoking is evident among @entity0 with @entity5 and the general population, little is known about the impact of cigarette smoke on the immune inflammatory processes elicited by common environmental allergens. We investigated the impact of exposure to cigarette smoke on house dust mite (HDM)-induced @entity3 @entity2 and its consequences for tissue remodeling and lung physiology in @entity1 . BALB/c @entity1 received intranasal HDMs daily, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks to establish chronic @entity2 . Subsequently, @entity1 were concurrently exposed to HDMs plus cigarette smoke, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (HDMs + smoke). We observed significantly attenuated @entity7 in the bronchoalveolar lavage of @entity1 exposed to HDMs + smoke, compared with animals exposed only to HDMs. A similar activation of CD4 T cells and expression of @entity4 , @entity6 was observed between HDM-treated and HDM + smoke-treated animals. Consistent with an effect on eosinophil trafficking, HDMs + smoke exposure attenuated the HDM-induced expression of @entity8 , whereas the survival of eosinophils and the numbers of blood eosinophils were not affected. Exposure to cigarette smoke also reduced the activation of B cells and the concentrations of serum IgE. Although the production of mucus decreased, collagen deposition significantly increased in animals exposed to HDMs + smoke, compared with animals exposed only to HDMs. Although airway resistance was unaffected, tissue resistance was significantly decreased in @entity1 exposed to HDMs + smoke. Our findings demonstrate that cigarette smoke affects eosinophil migration without affecting airway resistance or modifying Th2 cell adaptive immunity in a @entity1 model of HDM-induced @entity5 .

title: Cigarette smoke differentially affects XXXX and remodeling in a model of house dust mite @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Although a similar prevalence of smoking is evident among @entity0 with @entity5 and the general population, little is known about the impact of cigarette smoke on the immune inflammatory processes elicited by common environmental allergens. We investigated the impact of exposure to cigarette smoke on house dust mite (HDM)-induced @entity3 @entity2 and its consequences for tissue remodeling and lung physiology in @entity1 . BALB/c @entity1 received intranasal HDMs daily, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks to establish chronic @entity2 . Subsequently, @entity1 were concurrently exposed to HDMs plus cigarette smoke, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (HDMs + smoke). We observed significantly attenuated @entity7 in the bronchoalveolar lavage of @entity1 exposed to HDMs + smoke, compared with animals exposed only to HDMs. A similar activation of CD4 T cells and expression of @entity4 , @entity6 was observed between HDM-treated and HDM + smoke-treated animals. Consistent with an effect on eosinophil trafficking, HDMs + smoke exposure attenuated the HDM-induced expression of @entity8 , whereas the survival of eosinophils and the numbers of blood eosinophils were not affected. Exposure to cigarette smoke also reduced the activation of B cells and the concentrations of serum IgE. Although the production of mucus decreased, collagen deposition significantly increased in animals exposed to HDMs + smoke, compared with animals exposed only to HDMs. Although airway resistance was unaffected, tissue resistance was significantly decreased in @entity1 exposed to HDMs + smoke. Our findings demonstrate that cigarette smoke affects eosinophil migration without affecting airway resistance or modifying Th2 cell adaptive immunity in a @entity1 model of HDM-induced @entity5 .

title: Cigarette smoke differentially affects @entity7 and remodeling in a model of house dust mite XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The value of 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) in @entity0 with suspected ascending @entity2 was assessed. During a 5.5-year period, 56 consecutive @entity0 underwent bedside 2-D echo for unexplained @entity1 possibly due to ascending @entity2 . @entity0 with obvious @entity2 who proceeded directly to aortography were excluded and in all 56 study cases, 2-D echo was the initial diagnostic test. Using standard criteria, 2-D echo correctly identified all 13 @entity0 with ascending @entity2 . There were 5 false-positive study results and 38 true-negative results, yielding a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 88% and overall diagnostic accuracy of 91%. In the group of 13 @entity0 with confirmed ascending @entity2 , 2-D echo identified 4 with pericardial fluid, and 3 of these @entity0 (75%) died within 24 hours. In comparison, 7 @entity0 in the group of 43 without confirmed dissection had pericardial fluid by 2-D echo and only 1 died (p less than 0.001). Finally, in the group of 38 @entity0 with true-negative results, 2-D echo provided useful information in 16 (42%) that assisted or was essential in establishing an alternative diagnosis. However, 5 @entity0 in this group had type III dissection and in none was it identified by 2-D echo. Thus, our data indicate that 2-D echo represents a reliable noninvasive method for rapidly diagnosing ascending @entity2 at the bedside; offers important prognostic information which is directly related to the presence of pericardial fluid, and provides useful additional information which assists or establishes an alternative diagnosis when ascending @entity2 is absent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Utility of two-dimensional echocardiography in suspected ascending XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Little comparative data exist for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in @entity12 ( @entity12 ). Two hundred twenty-eight @entity0 were studied: 114 received @entity16 (TI) and 114 received abciximab (AB) for either @entity15 ( @entity15 ) or @entity10 ( @entity10 ). All @entity0 received @entity5 , heparin, and @entity13 or @entity14 . Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups for admitting diagnosis ( @entity15 vs @entity10 ), age, gender, ejection fraction, @entity1 , prior @entity8 , prior @entity10 ( @entity10 ), prior bypass surgery, @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity10 type (Q vs non-Q), or location. Drug administration time (mean) was 13 hours (AB) and 24 hours (TI). All AB was administered in the catheterization laboratory as compared to TI (34% in laboratory and 66% before laboratory). More AB @entity0 received angioplasty or stent (92% vs 80%, p = 0.008) while more TI @entity0 had CABG (10% vs 3%, p = 0.027). In-hospital complications including @entity6 , @entity10 , urgent revascularization, @entity3 or transient @entity2 attacks, and access site @entity9 were similar (p = NS). Multivariate predictors of events (odds ratios) were prior coronary artery bypass graft (2.3), @entity1 (1.7), and prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (1.7), but not the agent used. Over a mean follow-up of 13 months, the individual endpoints of @entity6 , @entity10 , revascularization, or hospitalization were similar for both groups. The AB @entity0 had improved freedom from revascularization (100% vs 81%, p = 0.015) in an emergent setting and TI @entity0 had improved freedom from revascularization (93% vs 77%, p = 0.038) with elective procedures. Tirofiban and abciximab appear effective and safe when used for @entity12 when recommended dosing and precautions are followed. Major adverse outcomes are rare and @entity9 complications uncommon.

title: Differential benefits and outcomes of tirofiban vs abciximab for XXXX in current clinical practice.

answer: @entity12


abstract: It has not previously been possible to study the in vitro effects of reperfusion on severely injured isolated perfused hearts because of the development of the no-reflow phenomenon, concomitant with the onset of irreversible @entity4 . A new model of @entity3 which utilizes an intraventricular balloon to allow uniform reperfusion of irreversibly damaged hearts is described. The effects of reperfusion were studied in Langendorff perfused @entity1 hearts after no-flow @entity3 for 60 and 150 minutes at 37 C. Uniform reflow was facilitated by maintaining the left ventricle at an isovolumic diastolic volume with a balloon during @entity3 and removal of the balloon prior to reflow. Reperfusion was with 1) anoxic media, 2) oxygenated media, 3) oxygenated media in the presence of the mitochondrial inhibitor Amytal, or 4) an initial anoxic reperfusion followed by oxygenated media. Injury was monitored by the assay of released @entity5 kinase (CK) and @entity7 (Myo), by light-microscopic estimates of the percent of cells containing contraction bands, and by ultrastructural changes. CK and Myo were released with anoxic reperfusion, but larger releases occurred with oxygenated reperfusion. Amytal inhibited the @entity0 but not the @entity6 component of release. Contraction bands occurred following oxygenated, but not anoxic, reperfusions and were inhibited by Amytal. Following an initial anoxic reperfusion, @entity0 caused additional CK and Myo release and produced an increase in the percent of cells with contraction bands, compared with that with @entity0 alone. The response of cells to injury was heterogeneous, and the hearts contained cells with a spectrum of ultrastructural changes. Anoxic reperfusion was associated with cellular swelling and oxygenated reperfusion with contraction band @entity2 .

title: Effects of anoxic or oxygenated reperfusion in globally XXXX , isovolumic, perfused @entity1 hearts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: It has not previously been possible to study the in vitro effects of reperfusion on severely injured isolated perfused hearts because of the development of the no-reflow phenomenon, concomitant with the onset of irreversible @entity4 . A new model of @entity3 which utilizes an intraventricular balloon to allow uniform reperfusion of irreversibly damaged hearts is described. The effects of reperfusion were studied in Langendorff perfused @entity1 hearts after no-flow @entity3 for 60 and 150 minutes at 37 C. Uniform reflow was facilitated by maintaining the left ventricle at an isovolumic diastolic volume with a balloon during @entity3 and removal of the balloon prior to reflow. Reperfusion was with 1) anoxic media, 2) oxygenated media, 3) oxygenated media in the presence of the mitochondrial inhibitor Amytal, or 4) an initial anoxic reperfusion followed by oxygenated media. Injury was monitored by the assay of released @entity5 kinase (CK) and @entity7 (Myo), by light-microscopic estimates of the percent of cells containing contraction bands, and by ultrastructural changes. CK and Myo were released with anoxic reperfusion, but larger releases occurred with oxygenated reperfusion. Amytal inhibited the @entity0 but not the @entity6 component of release. Contraction bands occurred following oxygenated, but not anoxic, reperfusions and were inhibited by Amytal. Following an initial anoxic reperfusion, @entity0 caused additional CK and Myo release and produced an increase in the percent of cells with contraction bands, compared with that with @entity0 alone. The response of cells to injury was heterogeneous, and the hearts contained cells with a spectrum of ultrastructural changes. Anoxic reperfusion was associated with cellular swelling and oxygenated reperfusion with contraction band @entity2 .

title: Effects of anoxic or oxygenated reperfusion in globally @entity3 , isovolumic, perfused XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was undertaken to help define how one episode of @entity0 , insufficient to cause @entity6 , influences the susceptibility of the kidney to a second more severe @entity2 event. Female @entity1 underwent either 15 min of bilateral @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or sham @entity5 . They were subjected 30 min, 3.5 h, or 24 h later to 25 min of @entity5 . Renal function (GFR, BUN, @entity8 ), histology, and @entity9 concentrations were compared before and after the 25-min @entity2 event. Only the @entity1 with a 30-min hiatus between the 15- and 25-min bouts of @entity5 had significantly worse @entity3 than controls subjected to a single 25-min @entity2 event. Three findings were noted only in the @entity1 with increased susceptibility: tubular cell swelling and luminal membrane injury prior to 25 min of @entity5 and a relative failure of @entity7 formation immediately following 25 min of @entity5 . Susceptibility to 25 min of @entity5 did not correlate with preischemia @entity7 content. CONCLUSION: prior mild @entity2 transiently lowers renal resistance to a second @entity2 event. Normal resistance is rapidly restored once improvements in prior cell membrane injury, cell volume regulation, and cellular energetics occur. However, resistance to additional @entity2 can be normal despite persisting @entity4 in renal @entity7 content.

title: Responses of the normal @entity1 kidney to sequential XXXX events.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was undertaken to help define how one episode of @entity0 , insufficient to cause @entity6 , influences the susceptibility of the kidney to a second more severe @entity2 event. Female @entity1 underwent either 15 min of bilateral @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or sham @entity5 . They were subjected 30 min, 3.5 h, or 24 h later to 25 min of @entity5 . Renal function (GFR, BUN, @entity8 ), histology, and @entity9 concentrations were compared before and after the 25-min @entity2 event. Only the @entity1 with a 30-min hiatus between the 15- and 25-min bouts of @entity5 had significantly worse @entity3 than controls subjected to a single 25-min @entity2 event. Three findings were noted only in the @entity1 with increased susceptibility: tubular cell swelling and luminal membrane injury prior to 25 min of @entity5 and a relative failure of @entity7 formation immediately following 25 min of @entity5 . Susceptibility to 25 min of @entity5 did not correlate with preischemia @entity7 content. CONCLUSION: prior mild @entity2 transiently lowers renal resistance to a second @entity2 event. Normal resistance is rapidly restored once improvements in prior cell membrane injury, cell volume regulation, and cellular energetics occur. However, resistance to additional @entity2 can be normal despite persisting @entity4 in renal @entity7 content.

title: Responses of the normal XXXX kidney to sequential @entity2 events.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The history of the severity of @entity1 is often obtained post-seasonally as a retrospective assessment. Correct rating is essential when determining the efficacy of pharmaceutical treatment, indications for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), or inclusion into controlled clinical studies. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the agreement between in- and post-seasonal ratings of seasonal symptoms, and to investigate whether the effect of @entity3 could be detected retrospectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five birch pollen- @entity1 @entity0 were allocated to @entity3 or placebo in a double-blind study. Assessment of severity of symptoms from the nose, eyes and lungs were performed daily during the season 2000, and post-seasonally 6 months after the season in 1999 and 2000. A four-point verbal descriptor scale (VDS-4) was used at all occasions. A mean in-seasonal symptom rating was calculated for four periods: the day, the week and the 2 weeks with the highest symptoms score, and the arithmetic season (the period covering the mid-90% of the accumulated pollen count). In- and post-seasonal ratings were compared with Cohen's weighted kappa (kappaw). RESULTS: Agreement between in-seasonal and retrospective ratings was fair to moderate (kappaw: 0.30-0.60). Post-seasonal ratings were most related to symptoms experienced in the week with the highest symptom scores, and least related to the arithmetic season. The post-seasonal ratings were significantly skewed towards higher symptom scores than the mean of in-seasonal ratings in periods >or= 2 weeks. Despite being comparable before intervention, only in the @entity3 -treated group was a significant decrease in post-season ratings of severity of @entity4 apparent (P < 0.05). @entity2 scores were not reduced but fewer @entity0 in the @entity3 group reported lung symptoms (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Post-seasonal assessment of @entity1 generally describes a shorter period than the arithmetic season. Post-season assessment tends to over-rate average symptom severity, but appears sufficiently sensitive to detect treatment efficacy.

title: Retrospective assessment of XXXX : over-rating but useful.

answer: @entity1