abstract: Herbal medicines, an important group of multicomponent therapeutics, are widely and increasignly used worldwide. Despite the popularitiy of herbal medicines, the clinical evidence that support the use of most herbal medicines is weak. Pharmacokinetic and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies have been integrated into modern drug development, but ADME studies are generally not needed for herbal remedy discovery and development. For the majority of herbal medicines, data on their ADME and pharmacokinetic properties in @entity0 are lacking or scant. An extensive literature search indicates that there are limited data on ADME properties of herbal medicines in @entity0 . Many herbal compounds undergo Phase I and/or Phase II metabolism in vivo, with cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and @entity1 glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) playing a major role. Some herbal ingredients are substrates of @entity2 ( @entity5 / @entity2 / @entity2 ) which is highly expressed in the intestine, liver, brain and kidney. As such, the activities of these drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters are critical determining factors for the in vivo ADME processes of herbal remedies. There are increasing ADME studies of herbal remedies, but these studies are mainly focused on a small number of herbal medicines including St John's wort, milk thistle, @entity4 , echinacea, @entity6 , @entity3 , and ginger. For an herbal medicine, the pharmacological activity is gained when the active agents or the active metabolites reach and sustain proper levels at their sites of action. Both the dose levels and ADME processes of active herbal components in the body govern their target-site concentrations and thus the therapeutic responses. In this regard, a safe and optimal use of herbal medicines requires a full understanding of their ADME profiles. To optimize the use of herbal remedies, further studies to explore their ADME properties in @entity0 are certainly warranted.

title: ADME properties of herbal medicines in XXXX : evidence, challenges and strategies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Crude extracts of the extreme halophile @entity7 contain separable DNA-dependent and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. 2. The RNA-dependent enzyme has been purified about 2800-fold. 3. It requires RNA, preferably of high molecular weight, and all four @entity5 to incorporate @entity2 -labelled @entity6 into an acid-insoluble, ribonuclease-sensitive product. 4. Both the stability and activity of the RNA polymerase are relatively insensitive to changes in @entity4 or @entity1 concentration, but incorporation is stimulated by both @entity0 and @entity3 . 5. The molecular weight of the enzyme is about 17000-18000.

title: Nucleic acid enzymology of extremely halophilic bacteria. XXXX ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: While behavioural abnormalities are fundamental features of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), few studies have examined the @entity4 behavioural phenotype. Most of these reports have focused on @entity3 features, linked to the early regressive phase of the disorder, and few studies have applied standardised behavioural measures. We used a battery of standardised measures of behaviour and functioning to test the following hypotheses: (1) @entity3 is prominent throughout childhood in @entity4 ; (2) @entity3 features are more salient in individuals with milder presentation; (3) severity of @entity3 is associated with a wider range of behavioural problems; and (4) specific @entity5 mutations are linked to more severe @entity3 . METHODS: Eighty @entity5 mutation-positive @entity0 with @entity4 (aged 1.6-14.9 years) were administered: (1) the Screen for Social Interaction (SSI), a measure of @entity3 suited for individuals with severe communication and motor impairment; (2) the Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ), covering a wide range of abnormal behaviours in @entity4 ; (3) the @entity2 ( @entity2 ); and (4) a modified version of the Rett Syndrome Severity Scale (RSSS). Regression analyses examined the predictive value of age and RSSS on @entity3 and other behavioural abnormalities. T-tests further characterised the behavioural phenotype of individual @entity5 mutations. RESULTS: While age had no significant effect on SSI or RSBQ total scores in @entity4 , @entity2 Socialization and Composite scores decreased over time. Clinical severity (i.e. RSSS) also increased with age. Surprisingly, SSI performance was not related to either RSSS or @entity2 Composite scores. @entity3 was weakly linked with the RSBQ Hand behaviour factor scores, but not with the RSBQ Fear/Anxiety factor. Clinical (neurological) severity did not predict RSBQ scores, as evidenced by the analysis of individual @entity5 mutations (e.g. @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity6 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that in @entity4 , @entity3 persists after the period of regression. It also demonstrated that @entity1 , including @entity3 features, are relatively independent of one another. Consistent with previous reports of the @entity4 phenotype, individual @entity5 mutations demonstrate complex associations with @entity3 features. Evidence of persistent @entity3 throughout childhood, and of a link between hand function and social skills, has important implications not only for research on the @entity4 behavioural phenotype, but also for the clinical management of the disorder.

title: Social impairments in XXXX : characteristics and relationship with clinical severity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In many institutions it is the "standard of care" to obtain serum chemistries and anticonvulsant levels as part of the emergency department evaluation of @entity2 @entity0 . To determine the efficacy of such a workup in the @entity8 , 163 @entity2 @entity0 presenting to an inner-city teaching hospital were studied in a standardized, prospective manner. After the clinical examination all @entity0 had CBC, serum electrolyte, BUN, @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity7 , and if indicated, anticonvulsant drug level determinations performed. Any @entity0 presenting with a first-time @entity2 (in @entity0 greater than 6 years old), recent @entity5 , focal @entity1 , or focal @entity2 activity had cranial computerized tomography (CCT). After obtaining historical and physical examination and before receiving laboratory results, as many as five likely etiologies were listed and assigned probability ratings. After review of the laboratory data (and CCT scan, if obtained), final etiologies again were listed and assigned percentages of likelihood. Significant abnormalities (ie, those that changed diagnosis, management, or disposition) were found in 104 @entity0 ; 96 had subtherapeutic anticonvulsant levels, five had abnormal CCT scans, two had @entity10 , and one had @entity11 as the cause of @entity2 . The clinical examination successfully predicted those abnormalities in all but two cases (one each of @entity11 and @entity9 ). We contend tha routine serum chemistries in @entity0 presenting to the @entity8 are of extremely low yield, and that the clinical examination can predict accurately the need to obtain these studies. CCT scanning is useful in selected @entity0 , and was found to be abnormal in five of 19 (25%) @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of a "standard" XXXX workup in the emergency department.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 can be successfully performed with the proper system in place. This includes an established thoracotomy protocol, a well-integrated EMS system, and an in-house team. Time seems to be critical, and the time between injury and @entity2 may be the single most important factor affecting survival other than the mechanism of injury. Cardiac penetrations, especially stab wounds, were found to have a 93 per cent survival while subdiaphragmatic penetrations had only one survivor from a group of 18 @entity0 (5.5%). The high rate of salvage in the heart wound group probably reflects the speed of prehospital transport, though all other major series have found this group to gain the maximum benefit. No @entity0 was successfully resuscitated from @entity4 with @entity2 . Three additional @entity0 had "signs of life" restored (one pediatric blunt; two @entity5 ) but died of @entity3 shortly thereafter. The experience with air ambulance @entity0 was far too small to allow any conclusions or observations. It is felt that as the use and application of helicopters to EMS situations becomes widespread, more @entity0 will be arriving at @entity1 centers with no vital signs and @entity4 but only moments from the accident. This special group of "dying" @entity0 will require intense scrutiny and possibly new and inventive approaches for any hopeful salvage. Emergency thoracotomy will, no doubt, have a place as part of this. The development of a simple working protocol is of extreme importance. The protocol should be one that will allow maximum selection of @entity0 who can benefit and elimination of those @entity0 where @entity2 would be useless. The primary benefactor for @entity2 remains the @entity0 sustaining a stab wound to the heart who arrives at the center shortly after injury. In other areas, such as abdominal exsanguination or severe @entity4 , further study is needed to determine what factors, prehospital and resuscitative, will improve outcome.

title: @entity2 ( XXXX ). A 26-month experience using an "agonal" protocol.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 can be successfully performed with the proper system in place. This includes an established thoracotomy protocol, a well-integrated EMS system, and an in-house team. Time seems to be critical, and the time between injury and @entity2 may be the single most important factor affecting survival other than the mechanism of injury. Cardiac penetrations, especially stab wounds, were found to have a 93 per cent survival while subdiaphragmatic penetrations had only one survivor from a group of 18 @entity0 (5.5%). The high rate of salvage in the heart wound group probably reflects the speed of prehospital transport, though all other major series have found this group to gain the maximum benefit. No @entity0 was successfully resuscitated from @entity4 with @entity2 . Three additional @entity0 had "signs of life" restored (one pediatric blunt; two @entity5 ) but died of @entity3 shortly thereafter. The experience with air ambulance @entity0 was far too small to allow any conclusions or observations. It is felt that as the use and application of helicopters to EMS situations becomes widespread, more @entity0 will be arriving at @entity1 centers with no vital signs and @entity4 but only moments from the accident. This special group of "dying" @entity0 will require intense scrutiny and possibly new and inventive approaches for any hopeful salvage. Emergency thoracotomy will, no doubt, have a place as part of this. The development of a simple working protocol is of extreme importance. The protocol should be one that will allow maximum selection of @entity0 who can benefit and elimination of those @entity0 where @entity2 would be useless. The primary benefactor for @entity2 remains the @entity0 sustaining a stab wound to the heart who arrives at the center shortly after injury. In other areas, such as abdominal exsanguination or severe @entity4 , further study is needed to determine what factors, prehospital and resuscitative, will improve outcome.

title: XXXX ( @entity2 ). A 26-month experience using an "agonal" protocol.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Shoulder @entity3 is probably the most frequent complication of @entity6 . In this study 219 @entity6 @entity0 were regularly followed up after their @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for one year (166 @entity0 , 53 @entity0 , with a mean age of 47 years). Criteria and parameters for evaluation of these shoulders were established at the outset. Distinction was made between flaccid and @entity6 . Other influencing factors were @entity8 ( @entity8 ), isolated @entity2 cuff rotator tear or association of some of these. Roentgen examinations were done for each @entity0 . In our series of @entity0 , 72% had shoulder @entity3 at least once during the course of their recovery. This problem occurred more often in @entity0 having @entity4 (85%) than in those with @entity7 (18%). An evolution towards @entity4 was noted in 80% of the @entity0 in this series, whereas 20% remained @entity7 . Among the other possible causes of shoulder @entity3 , anteroinferior @entity9 was incontrovertibly the most frequently cited. The @entity8 syndrome was present in only 23% of all cases but was seen more often in @entity4 @entity0 , that is 27% compared to 7% among flaccid @entity0 . Whatever the cause, the @entity9 with flaccid @entity5 should be corrected and @entity4 should be combatted as early and as vigorously as possible.

title: XXXX shoulder in @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Shoulder @entity3 is probably the most frequent complication of @entity6 . In this study 219 @entity6 @entity0 were regularly followed up after their @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for one year (166 @entity0 , 53 @entity0 , with a mean age of 47 years). Criteria and parameters for evaluation of these shoulders were established at the outset. Distinction was made between flaccid and @entity6 . Other influencing factors were @entity8 ( @entity8 ), isolated @entity2 cuff rotator tear or association of some of these. Roentgen examinations were done for each @entity0 . In our series of @entity0 , 72% had shoulder @entity3 at least once during the course of their recovery. This problem occurred more often in @entity0 having @entity4 (85%) than in those with @entity7 (18%). An evolution towards @entity4 was noted in 80% of the @entity0 in this series, whereas 20% remained @entity7 . Among the other possible causes of shoulder @entity3 , anteroinferior @entity9 was incontrovertibly the most frequently cited. The @entity8 syndrome was present in only 23% of all cases but was seen more often in @entity4 @entity0 , that is 27% compared to 7% among flaccid @entity0 . Whatever the cause, the @entity9 with flaccid @entity5 should be corrected and @entity4 should be combatted as early and as vigorously as possible.

title: @entity3 shoulder in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Thrombolytic recanalization of the obstructed coronary lumen was studied in 32 @entity0 receiving intracoronary streptokinase for 60 to 90 min during acute @entity1 . The process was viewed at high arteriographic magnification and was quantified with computer-assisted measurements from repeated single-plane views. The variability of the method for this application was 0.15 to 0.18 mm on minimum diameter estimates. Structural details were seen that are not commonly appreciated at conventional magnification. The recanalized lumen appears to form along an interface between the @entity2 and the vessel wall, progressively enlarging its minimum arteriographic diameter to 0.65 +/- 0.24 mm (+/- 1 SD) at the end of the short-term infusion of streptokinase reflecting a final percent stenosis of 77 +/- 10%. In nine @entity4 found patent 5 +/- 3 weeks later, the recanalized lumen further improved an average of 0.34 mm in minimum diameter (p less than .005) and 13% stenosis (p less than .01). A thin film of contrast medium surrounding the obstructing @entity2 faintly defined the boundaries of the original atherosclerotic lumen in all but two cases. The "original stenosis" measured 1.25 +/- 0.32 mm in minimum diameter and 56 +/- 14% stenosis when first visualized; it was unchanged throughout the course of infusion of streptokinase. In five @entity0 catheterized 10 +/- 12 weeks before their @entity3 , the original stenosis averaged 1.15 +/- 0.22 mm in the preinfarct angiogram, as compared with 1.17 +/- 0.23 mm in its faintly defined form during thrombolytic therapy (p = NS). In 10 cases, this original lesion was less than a 50% stenosis, and in 21 cases less than 60%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incomplete lysis of @entity2 in the moderate underlying atherosclerotic lesion during intracoronary infusion of streptokinase for acute XXXX : quantitative angiographic observations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thrombolytic recanalization of the obstructed coronary lumen was studied in 32 @entity0 receiving intracoronary streptokinase for 60 to 90 min during acute @entity1 . The process was viewed at high arteriographic magnification and was quantified with computer-assisted measurements from repeated single-plane views. The variability of the method for this application was 0.15 to 0.18 mm on minimum diameter estimates. Structural details were seen that are not commonly appreciated at conventional magnification. The recanalized lumen appears to form along an interface between the @entity2 and the vessel wall, progressively enlarging its minimum arteriographic diameter to 0.65 +/- 0.24 mm (+/- 1 SD) at the end of the short-term infusion of streptokinase reflecting a final percent stenosis of 77 +/- 10%. In nine @entity4 found patent 5 +/- 3 weeks later, the recanalized lumen further improved an average of 0.34 mm in minimum diameter (p less than .005) and 13% stenosis (p less than .01). A thin film of contrast medium surrounding the obstructing @entity2 faintly defined the boundaries of the original atherosclerotic lumen in all but two cases. The "original stenosis" measured 1.25 +/- 0.32 mm in minimum diameter and 56 +/- 14% stenosis when first visualized; it was unchanged throughout the course of infusion of streptokinase. In five @entity0 catheterized 10 +/- 12 weeks before their @entity3 , the original stenosis averaged 1.15 +/- 0.22 mm in the preinfarct angiogram, as compared with 1.17 +/- 0.23 mm in its faintly defined form during thrombolytic therapy (p = NS). In 10 cases, this original lesion was less than a 50% stenosis, and in 21 cases less than 60%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incomplete lysis of XXXX in the moderate underlying atherosclerotic lesion during intracoronary infusion of streptokinase for acute @entity1 : quantitative angiographic observations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 is a @entity13 with @entity1 that usually afflicts young @entity0 . We describe a 31-year-old @entity0 who developed transient @entity9 during the acute phase of @entity6 . The diagnosis was supported by the presence of all six criteria of the disease: fever, @entity11 , strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathies, truncal exanthem, and periungual membranous desquamation. Related clinical and laboratory findings included @entity9 , @entity14 , transverse nail grooves, @entity10 , and elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and @entity8 . Alternative diagnoses were excluded. During her @entity2 , the @entity0 developed @entity7 , @entity5 , pulmonary rales, S3 gallop, and hepatojugular reflux. The chest roentgenogram showed new Kerley A and B lines. A first-pass isotopic ventriculography showed diffuse @entity12 and decreased ventricular ejection fractions; spontaneous recovery occurred after a few days. A coronarography performed two months later showed no @entity4 . @entity6 is a cause, albeit rare, of @entity3 in the adult @entity0 , and should be sought for actively in a @entity0 with @entity9 during the course of an @entity2 , associated with mucocutaneous changes.

title: Transient XXXX in an adult with @entity6 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity6 is a @entity13 with @entity1 that usually afflicts young @entity0 . We describe a 31-year-old @entity0 who developed transient @entity9 during the acute phase of @entity6 . The diagnosis was supported by the presence of all six criteria of the disease: fever, @entity11 , strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathies, truncal exanthem, and periungual membranous desquamation. Related clinical and laboratory findings included @entity9 , @entity14 , transverse nail grooves, @entity10 , and elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and @entity8 . Alternative diagnoses were excluded. During her @entity2 , the @entity0 developed @entity7 , @entity5 , pulmonary rales, S3 gallop, and hepatojugular reflux. The chest roentgenogram showed new Kerley A and B lines. A first-pass isotopic ventriculography showed diffuse @entity12 and decreased ventricular ejection fractions; spontaneous recovery occurred after a few days. A coronarography performed two months later showed no @entity4 . @entity6 is a cause, albeit rare, of @entity3 in the adult @entity0 , and should be sought for actively in a @entity0 with @entity9 during the course of an @entity2 , associated with mucocutaneous changes.

title: Transient @entity9 in an adult with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity5 of the @entity2 ( @entity3 ) comprises a variety of @entity1 . Due to the rarity of each individual malignant entity, knowledge of epidemiological changes and trends over time may be derived from data compiled in regional and national registries. This study analyzed the development in incidence rates and mortality in elderly @entity3 @entity0 in Denmark between 1980 and 2012 with specific attention to compliance to radiotherapy, the main treatment modality of @entity3 in Denmark. Material and methods @entity3 consisting of more than 25 @entity0 per year over the age of 70 years were analyzed. This included @entity6 defined as ICD-codes C00.3-4, C02-04, C05.0, C06; oropharynx as C01, C05.1-9, C09-10; and larynx as C32 recorded in the NORDCAN database. Additional data from the DAHANCA database was added to assess differences in compliance to treatment between younger and older @entity0 groups. Results @entity3 was predominant in younger @entity0 . Only 17% were older than 70 years. The median age was 60 years. Generally, incidence rates rose for @entity6 and oropharynx between 1980 and 2012 and stabilized for @entity1 . Mortality rates had a shallower increase, especially in younger age groups, which translated into improved age-specific survival rates. Compliance to radiotherapy was high for all age groups. Failure to receive at least 60 Gy during radical radiation treatment was 2.3% despite a significant increase in @entity0 with poor WHO performance status over time. Conclusion @entity3 is a @entity4 in @entity0 above 70 years accounting for only 17% of all @entity3 @entity0 . Incidence rates increased over time, but age-specific survival rates improved, especially in younger @entity0 . Failure rates to comply with radiation treatment, however, were low in both young and elderly @entity0 .

title: Trends in XXXX in the elderly in Denmark, 1980-2012.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 Nissle 1917 (EcN) bears a defect in its @entity4 biosynthesis leading to truncated variable oligosaccharide-antigen chains and a semi-rough phenotype. It is effectively inactivated by complement factors due to resolved serum resistance and is, therefore, safe as a probiotic strain, i.e. for the treatment of inflammatory @entity2 . It is unknown whether the modification of @entity4 in EcN contributes to its probiotic properties. Purified @entity4 from EcN and wild-type @entity4 from uropathogenic E. coli W536 together with raw lysates of both strains were analyzed for their gene expression activity with @entity0 PBMCs measured by microarrays. Comparing the two @entity4 molecules and the two lysate variants with each other, respectively, no differences of transcriptional patterns were observed. However, when comparing @entity4 with lysate patterns, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p40 was up-regulated by both @entity4 molecules and anti-inflammatory @entity5 by both lysates. The higher the lysate concentration, the higher @entity5 release from PBMCs, clearly exceeding @entity4 induced IL-12p40 release. Furthermore, inflammatory chemokine @entity6 (eotaxin) was down-regulated by lysates and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that EcN compared to wild-type @entity4 was 8 times stronger in down-regulation of @entity6 . We conclude that truncated @entity4 may down-regulate @entity6 -mediated @entity1 and that EcN lysate contains as yet unidentified factors which preferably induce anti-inflammatory activity. Both effects may contribute to the probiotic properties of EcN.

title: Anti-inflammatory modulation of immune response by probiotic XXXX Nissle 1917 in @entity0 blood mononuclear cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 Nissle 1917 (EcN) bears a defect in its @entity4 biosynthesis leading to truncated variable oligosaccharide-antigen chains and a semi-rough phenotype. It is effectively inactivated by complement factors due to resolved serum resistance and is, therefore, safe as a probiotic strain, i.e. for the treatment of inflammatory @entity2 . It is unknown whether the modification of @entity4 in EcN contributes to its probiotic properties. Purified @entity4 from EcN and wild-type @entity4 from uropathogenic E. coli W536 together with raw lysates of both strains were analyzed for their gene expression activity with @entity0 PBMCs measured by microarrays. Comparing the two @entity4 molecules and the two lysate variants with each other, respectively, no differences of transcriptional patterns were observed. However, when comparing @entity4 with lysate patterns, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p40 was up-regulated by both @entity4 molecules and anti-inflammatory @entity5 by both lysates. The higher the lysate concentration, the higher @entity5 release from PBMCs, clearly exceeding @entity4 induced IL-12p40 release. Furthermore, inflammatory chemokine @entity6 (eotaxin) was down-regulated by lysates and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that EcN compared to wild-type @entity4 was 8 times stronger in down-regulation of @entity6 . We conclude that truncated @entity4 may down-regulate @entity6 -mediated @entity1 and that EcN lysate contains as yet unidentified factors which preferably induce anti-inflammatory activity. Both effects may contribute to the probiotic properties of EcN.

title: Anti-inflammatory modulation of immune response by probiotic @entity3 Nissle 1917 in XXXX blood mononuclear cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quality of life can be severely impaired by essential @entity1 (ET) being the main cause of the @entity0 's disability. The authors present a group of ET @entity0 treated with deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus ( @entity2 DBS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity2 DBS in the treatment of ET. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2009, 8 female and 10 male ET @entity0 were treated with @entity2 DBS. Mean age at implantation was 63    15 years. ET lasted from 4 to 30 years (mean 12 years). Clinical condition of the group was evaluated before surgery and 3 months after implantation with spirography (spiral drawings), the modified Fahn (Tremor Rating Scale, TRS) scale, and the modified ADL (Activity of Daily Living) scale. The @entity2 was localized with CT and MRI. The procedures of implantation were performed under local and general anaesthesia. A bilateral procedure was performed in 11 cases and a unilateral procedure was performed in 7 cases. RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of DBS was maintained at the follow-up in the third month following surgery. Mean contralateral limb @entity1 reduction was 79%. Head @entity1 reduction was reported by 75% of @entity0 in the bilateral @entity2 DBS subgroup and 50% of @entity0 in the unilateral @entity2 DBS subgroup. Mean ADL score improved by 61%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 DBS is a safe and effective method of ET treatment. @entity2 DBS improves activities of daily living of ET @entity0 .

title: Thalamic deep brain stimulation in the treatment of essential XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have examined the importance of the A5 region modulating cardiorespiratory responses evoked from the parabrachial complex (PB) in spontaneously breathing @entity0 . Cardiorespiratory changes were analyzed in response to electrical stimulation and @entity1 microinjections into the PB (10-20 nl, 1-2 nmol) before and after ipsilateral microinjection of @entity3 (50 nl, 0.25 nmol) or @entity2 (50 nl, 0.5 nmol) within the A5 region. Stimulation of medial parabrachial and K  lliker-Fuse nuclei (mPB-KF) evoked a decrease in respiratory rate (P<0.001) with a rise in blood pressure (P<0.001) and heart rate (P<0.05). After muscimol or @entity2 microinjections within the A5 region, the pressor and heart rate responses to mPB-KF stimulation were reduced (P<0.05, both cases). Muscimol within the A5 region altered the respiratory response to @entity1 stimulation of mPB-KF, evoking an increase in respiratory rate (P<0.05). @entity2 abolished the respiratory response to mPB-KF stimulation. Stimulation of the lateral parabrachial nuclei (lPB) caused an increase in respiratory rate (P<0.001) with a rise in blood pressure (P<0.001) and heart rate (P<0.05). Muscimol or @entity2 microinjections within A5 region decreased heart rate (P<0.05) and pressor responses (P<0.05) evoked from lPB. The increase of respiratory rate persisted unchanged. To confirm functional interactions between A5 and PB, extracellular recordings of putative A5 neurones were obtained during PB stimulation. Eighty-three A5 cells were recorded, 35 were activated from the mPB-KF (42%). The results indicate that neurones of the A5 region participate in the cardiorespiratory response evoked from the different regions of the PB complex. The possible mechanisms involved in these interactions are discussed.

title: A5 region modulation of the cardiorespiratory responses evoked from parabrachial cell bodies in the anaesthetised XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value of an initial 24-sample transrectal ultrasound guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy protocol compared to the 10-core technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the prostate biopsy database of consecutive @entity0 undergoing prostate biopsies under local anesthesia by using the 10 (Group A) and 24 (Group B) protocols. @entity0 were stratified according to biopsy protocol and PSA levels. Exclusion criteria were age >=  75 years and PSA > 20 ng/mL. The Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Between April 2007 and August 2009, 869 @entity0 underwent TRUS prostate biopsies of which 379 were eligible for the study. Group A (10-cores) consisted of 243 (64.11%) @entity0 and group B (24-cores) included 139 (35.89%) @entity0 . The @entity1 detection rate was 39.09% and 34.55% in Group A and B, respectively (p = 0.43). An overall 9.8% increase in Gleason 7 detection rate was found in Group B (p = 0.24). The high-grade @entity2 (HGPIN) detection rate in @entity0 with negative initial biopsies was 15.54% and 35.55% in Group A and B, respectively (p < 0.001). In @entity0 with PSA < 10 ng/mL, the 24-core technique increased Gleason 7 detection rate by 13.4% (p = 0.16) and HGPIN by 23.4% (p = 0.0008), compared to the 10 core technique. The 24-core technique increased the concordance between needle biopsy and prostatectomy specimen compared to 10-core technique (p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The initial 24-core prostate biopsy protocol did not show any benefit in the detection of @entity1 compared to the 10-core technique. However, it improved the HGPIN detection and the correlation between biopsy results and radical prostatectomy Gleason score in @entity0 with lower PSA levels.

title: The implication of initial 24-core transrectal prostate biopsy protocol on the detection of significant XXXX and high grade @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value of an initial 24-sample transrectal ultrasound guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy protocol compared to the 10-core technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the prostate biopsy database of consecutive @entity0 undergoing prostate biopsies under local anesthesia by using the 10 (Group A) and 24 (Group B) protocols. @entity0 were stratified according to biopsy protocol and PSA levels. Exclusion criteria were age >=  75 years and PSA > 20 ng/mL. The Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Between April 2007 and August 2009, 869 @entity0 underwent TRUS prostate biopsies of which 379 were eligible for the study. Group A (10-cores) consisted of 243 (64.11%) @entity0 and group B (24-cores) included 139 (35.89%) @entity0 . The @entity1 detection rate was 39.09% and 34.55% in Group A and B, respectively (p = 0.43). An overall 9.8% increase in Gleason 7 detection rate was found in Group B (p = 0.24). The high-grade @entity2 (HGPIN) detection rate in @entity0 with negative initial biopsies was 15.54% and 35.55% in Group A and B, respectively (p < 0.001). In @entity0 with PSA < 10 ng/mL, the 24-core technique increased Gleason 7 detection rate by 13.4% (p = 0.16) and HGPIN by 23.4% (p = 0.0008), compared to the 10 core technique. The 24-core technique increased the concordance between needle biopsy and prostatectomy specimen compared to 10-core technique (p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The initial 24-core prostate biopsy protocol did not show any benefit in the detection of @entity1 compared to the 10-core technique. However, it improved the HGPIN detection and the correlation between biopsy results and radical prostatectomy Gleason score in @entity0 with lower PSA levels.

title: The implication of initial 24-core transrectal prostate biopsy protocol on the detection of significant @entity1 and high grade XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Hormonal production of the thyroid gland is constituted of @entity5 or T4 (80%) and @entity4 or T3 (20%). In the circulation, whole T4 originates from thyroid secretion but most of T3 (80%) is produced extrathyroidally from T4 deiodination. Conversion of T4 to T3 may be influenced by various conditions and circulating T3 is a less reliable reflection of thyroid hormone production than T4. In serum most of T4 and T3 is bound to binding proteins and only 0.02% of T4 and 0.3% of T3 is free. Because of their higher diagnostic performance, free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) measurements have superseded total (free + bound) hormone determination. Total hormone measurements remain useful for research studies or in case of severe @entity3 . Equilibrium dialysis/RIA is considered as the reference method for free hormone measurements. Routine clinical laboratories use automated direct two-step or one-step immunoassays with a high molecular weight ligand or labelled antibody. Free hormone measurement remains technically demanding, especially in sera from severe non-thyroid ill @entity0 with low serum thyroxine binding capacity. Interference from anti-thyroid hormone antibodies and @entity7 depends on the assay method, but is now less marked and less frequently detected. To be able to correctly interpret the results of an assay, it is necessary to assess its performance in biologically and clinically well-characterised serum samples. FT4, and FT3 measurements, if FT4 is normal and @entity3 suspected, are used to confirm and assess the level of hypo and @entity3 (overt or subclinical). When the thyroidal status is unstable (first months of a thyroid treatment, altered @entity6 dose, subacute @entity1 ) or when the hypothalamic-pituitary function is disturbed ( @entity2 ), TSH determination is diagnostically misleading and only free hormone measurements are reliable for thyroid function assessment.

title: [ @entity5 (T4) and XXXX (T3) determinations: techniques and value in the assessment of thyroid function].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Hormonal production of the thyroid gland is constituted of @entity5 or T4 (80%) and @entity4 or T3 (20%). In the circulation, whole T4 originates from thyroid secretion but most of T3 (80%) is produced extrathyroidally from T4 deiodination. Conversion of T4 to T3 may be influenced by various conditions and circulating T3 is a less reliable reflection of thyroid hormone production than T4. In serum most of T4 and T3 is bound to binding proteins and only 0.02% of T4 and 0.3% of T3 is free. Because of their higher diagnostic performance, free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) measurements have superseded total (free + bound) hormone determination. Total hormone measurements remain useful for research studies or in case of severe @entity3 . Equilibrium dialysis/RIA is considered as the reference method for free hormone measurements. Routine clinical laboratories use automated direct two-step or one-step immunoassays with a high molecular weight ligand or labelled antibody. Free hormone measurement remains technically demanding, especially in sera from severe non-thyroid ill @entity0 with low serum thyroxine binding capacity. Interference from anti-thyroid hormone antibodies and @entity7 depends on the assay method, but is now less marked and less frequently detected. To be able to correctly interpret the results of an assay, it is necessary to assess its performance in biologically and clinically well-characterised serum samples. FT4, and FT3 measurements, if FT4 is normal and @entity3 suspected, are used to confirm and assess the level of hypo and @entity3 (overt or subclinical). When the thyroidal status is unstable (first months of a thyroid treatment, altered @entity6 dose, subacute @entity1 ) or when the hypothalamic-pituitary function is disturbed ( @entity2 ), TSH determination is diagnostically misleading and only free hormone measurements are reliable for thyroid function assessment.

title: [ XXXX (T4) and @entity4 (T3) determinations: techniques and value in the assessment of thyroid function].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conventional spinal angiography, although useful in providing angioarchitectural details of @entity3 , has limitations. The advent of 3D angiography has provided a better comprehension of angioarchitectural detail when evaluating the intracranial circulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 3D angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 of the spine. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 17 3D spinal angiograms acquired in 14 consecutive @entity0 examined at our institution for a @entity3 , which included nine spinal cord @entity7 ( @entity7 ), one perimedullary @entity6 ( @entity6 ), three spinal dural AVFs, and one nerve root AVM. 3D angiography was obtained with @entity1 under general anesthesia by using a 14-second acquisition and 200 degrees rotation of the gantry during injection of 300 mg I/mL nonionic contrast material at a rate of 0.5-3.5 mL/s. Multiple reconstructed images were obtained with or without opacification of the surrounding structures. These images were then evaluated by the interventionalists at the time of the procedure and compared with findings obtained by conventional subtraction angiography. RESULTS: 3D angiography was useful in differentiating intramedullary lesions from perimedullary surface lesions; detecting arterial, nidal, or @entity2 ; and evaluating the 3D structure of the lesion as well as the relationship between the @entity4 and its draining veins or surrounding bony structures. In specific situations, it obviated the need for contrast-enhanced conventional or 3D CT, as well as for lateral or oblique angiographic views, which are sometimes difficult to obtain with good quality. No 3D angiography-related complications were experienced. Some limitations in the definition of small vessel anatomy in the reconstructed images were noted. CONCLUSION: In this small series of @entity0 , 3D angiography was safe and useful for evaluation of the 3D vascular anatomy of @entity5 .

title: Three-dimensional rotational spinal angiography in the evaluation and treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 is a symptom of @entity3 that can be observed even in the early stages of the disease. The frontal hypoperfusion associated with @entity2 has led to suggestions of the existence of a hypofunctioning prefrontal pathway involving the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobe, anterior cingulate gyri and limbic structures. Since this network plays an important role in response inhibition competence and @entity0 with @entity3 who are unaware of their deficits exhibit impaired performance in response inhibition tasks, we predicted a relationship between unawareness of @entity1 . We tested this hypothesis in a sample of 29 @entity0 with @entity3 (15 aware and 14 unaware of their disturbances), rating unawareness according to the Awareness of Deficit Questionnaire- @entity4 scale. The cognitive domain was investigated by means of a wide battery including tests on executive functioning, memory and language. Neuropsychiatric aspects were investigated using batteries on behavioural mood changes, such as @entity5 . Cingulate functionality was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging, while @entity0 performed a go/no-go task. In accordance with our hypotheses, unaware @entity0 showed reduced task-sensitive activity in the right anterior cingulate area (Brodmann area 24) and in the rostral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10). Unaware @entity0 also showed reduced activity in the right post-central gyrus (Brodmann area 2), in the associative cortical areas such as the right parietotemporal-occipital junction (Brodmann area 39) and the left temporal gyrus (Brodmann areas 21 and 38), in the striatum and in the cerebellum. These findings suggest that the @entity1 in early @entity3 is associated with reduced functional recruitment of the cingulofrontal and parietotemporal regions. Furthermore, in line with previous findings, we also found @entity5 to be prominent features of the first behavioural changes in unaware @entity0 .

title: @entity1 in XXXX : role of the cingulate cortex.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 is a symptom of @entity3 that can be observed even in the early stages of the disease. The frontal hypoperfusion associated with @entity2 has led to suggestions of the existence of a hypofunctioning prefrontal pathway involving the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobe, anterior cingulate gyri and limbic structures. Since this network plays an important role in response inhibition competence and @entity0 with @entity3 who are unaware of their deficits exhibit impaired performance in response inhibition tasks, we predicted a relationship between unawareness of @entity1 . We tested this hypothesis in a sample of 29 @entity0 with @entity3 (15 aware and 14 unaware of their disturbances), rating unawareness according to the Awareness of Deficit Questionnaire- @entity4 scale. The cognitive domain was investigated by means of a wide battery including tests on executive functioning, memory and language. Neuropsychiatric aspects were investigated using batteries on behavioural mood changes, such as @entity5 . Cingulate functionality was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging, while @entity0 performed a go/no-go task. In accordance with our hypotheses, unaware @entity0 showed reduced task-sensitive activity in the right anterior cingulate area (Brodmann area 24) and in the rostral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10). Unaware @entity0 also showed reduced activity in the right post-central gyrus (Brodmann area 2), in the associative cortical areas such as the right parietotemporal-occipital junction (Brodmann area 39) and the left temporal gyrus (Brodmann areas 21 and 38), in the striatum and in the cerebellum. These findings suggest that the @entity1 in early @entity3 is associated with reduced functional recruitment of the cingulofrontal and parietotemporal regions. Furthermore, in line with previous findings, we also found @entity5 to be prominent features of the first behavioural changes in unaware @entity0 .

title: XXXX in @entity3 : role of the cingulate cortex.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and its receptors have been implicated in promoting solid @entity2 growth and @entity1 via stimulating @entity2 -associated angiogenesis. We previously identified several fully human neutralizing anti- @entity3 receptor 2 (or @entity4 ( @entity4 )) antibodies from a large antibody phage display library. These antibodies bind specifically to @entity4 , block @entity3 / @entity4 interaction, and inhibit @entity3 -induced proliferation of @entity0 endothelial cells and migration of @entity4 + @entity7 cells. Three of these antibodies, interestingly, share an identical heavy chain variable (VH) sequence. In this report, we constructed a new library comprising the single VH paired with the variable light chain (VL) repertoire obtained from the original na  ve @entity0 library. Initial in vitro selection revealed that the single VH could pair with a number of different VL while retaining its specificity for @entity4 . However, a consensus VH/VL pair, clone 1121, was identified after three or four rounds of selection by tailoring the stringency of the panning conditions. Clone 1121 showed a >30-fold higher binding affinity to @entity4 (Kd, 100 pm) because of improvement on both association and dissociation constants and blocked @entity3 / @entity4 interaction with an IC50 of approximately 1 nm, compared with that of 3-4 nm for the parent @entity6 fragments. Further, clone 1121 was more potent in inhibiting @entity3 -stimulated @entity4 phosphorylation in endothelial cells. A binding epitope mapping study on clone 1121 and one of the parent clones, 2C6, demonstrated that both antibodies interacted with the third immunoglobulin domain within the extracellular region of @entity4 . Several peptide phage display libraries were utilized to further examine the fine binding specificities of the two antibodies. All of the 2C6-binding peptides are @entity5 -constrained, whereas clone 1121 binds to both @entity5 -constrained and linear peptides. It is noteworthy that most of the 2C6-binding peptides also cross-react with clone 1121, but none of the clone 1121-specific peptides binds to 2C6, indicating that clone 1121 retained part of the original binding epitope(s) of 2C6 while gaining new binding specificity. Taken together, our observation suggests that clone 1121 may have great clinical potential in anti-angiogenesis therapy. It further underscores the efforts to identify antibodies of high affinity for enhanced biological activities.

title: Tailoring in vitro selection for a picomolar affinity human antibody directed against XXXX receptor 2 for enhanced neutralizing activity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the impact of a three- @entity4 deletion (12Glu9) polymorphism in the alpha(2B)-adrenergic receptor gene on autonomic nervous function. The short form ( @entity3 (9)/ @entity3 (9)) of the polymorphism has previously been associated with a reduced basal metabolic rate in @entity2 subjects. Because autonomic nervous function participates in the regulation of energy metabolism, there could be a link between this polymorphism and autonomic nervous function. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Data of a 10-year follow-up study with 126 nondiabetic control subjects and 84 type 2 @entity1 @entity0 were used to determine the effects of the 12Glu9 polymorphism on autonomic nervous function. A deep breathing test and an orthostatic test were used to investigate parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nervous function. In addition, cardiovascular autonomic function was studied using power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the frequency of the 12Glu9 deletion polymorphism between nondiabetic and @entity1 subjects. The nondiabetic @entity0 with the @entity3 (9)/ @entity3 (9) genotype, especially those with @entity5 , had significantly lower total and low-frequency power values in the power spectral analysis when compared with other @entity0 . Furthermore, in a longitudinal analysis of 10 years, the decrease in parasympathetic function was greater in nondiabetic @entity0 with the @entity3 (9)/ @entity3 (9) genotype than in the @entity0 with the @entity3 (9)/ @entity3 (12) or @entity3 (12)/ @entity3 (12) genotypes. DISCUSSION: The results of the present study suggest that the 12Glu9 polymorphism of the alpha(2B)-adrenergic receptor gene modulates autonomic nervous function in Finnish nondiabetic @entity0 . In the nondiabetic @entity0 with the @entity3 (9)/ @entity3 (9) genotype, the general autonomic tone is depressed, and vagal activity especially becomes impaired with time. Furthermore, this association is accentuated by @entity5 .

title: A deletion in the alpha2B-adrenergic receptor gene and autonomic nervous function in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Comprehensive reviews of lifestyle changes and dietary supplements that may prevent @entity2 are needed in order to facilitate discussions between clinicians and @entity0 . RECENT FINDINGS: Novel data exist that numerous lifestyle/diet and dietary supplements may lower the risk of this disease. For example, reducing @entity4 exposure, incorporating dietary changes, and @entity3 supplements continue to accumulate research that supports their use with some @entity0 at a higher risk for this disease. Regardless, smoking cessation seems to have the largest impact on reducing risk and incorporating these other changes after smoking cessation may reduce an individual's risk to an even greater extent. SUMMARY: However, a large percentage of cases of individuals diagnosed with this @entity1 apparently have no known etiology. Diets lower in calories or possibly specific sub-types of fat, and higher in fruits and especially vegetables, seem to provide some protection. Other dietary/supplement options may affect risk, but these benefits could be seriously attenuated by smoking. Dietary @entity6 , but currently not @entity6 supplements, may also affect risk, especially in non-smokers. Dietary @entity3 , and @entity3 supplements, may provide some protection. Non-selective (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and selective @entity5 inhibitors are generating interest because @entity2 seem to contain higher concentrations of this enzyme. Drinking-water quality, especially @entity4 concentrations, may seriously affect risk. Providing recommendations for @entity0 with regard to some of these lifestyle modifications is currently recommended because the majority of these alterations are also recommended currently for cardiovascular or general oncology disease reduction.

title: XXXX prevention. Part I: what do I tell my @entity0 about lifestyle changes and dietary supplements?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Comprehensive reviews of lifestyle changes and dietary supplements that may prevent @entity2 are needed in order to facilitate discussions between clinicians and @entity0 . RECENT FINDINGS: Novel data exist that numerous lifestyle/diet and dietary supplements may lower the risk of this disease. For example, reducing @entity4 exposure, incorporating dietary changes, and @entity3 supplements continue to accumulate research that supports their use with some @entity0 at a higher risk for this disease. Regardless, smoking cessation seems to have the largest impact on reducing risk and incorporating these other changes after smoking cessation may reduce an individual's risk to an even greater extent. SUMMARY: However, a large percentage of cases of individuals diagnosed with this @entity1 apparently have no known etiology. Diets lower in calories or possibly specific sub-types of fat, and higher in fruits and especially vegetables, seem to provide some protection. Other dietary/supplement options may affect risk, but these benefits could be seriously attenuated by smoking. Dietary @entity6 , but currently not @entity6 supplements, may also affect risk, especially in non-smokers. Dietary @entity3 , and @entity3 supplements, may provide some protection. Non-selective (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and selective @entity5 inhibitors are generating interest because @entity2 seem to contain higher concentrations of this enzyme. Drinking-water quality, especially @entity4 concentrations, may seriously affect risk. Providing recommendations for @entity0 with regard to some of these lifestyle modifications is currently recommended because the majority of these alterations are also recommended currently for cardiovascular or general oncology disease reduction.

title: @entity2 prevention. Part I: what do I tell my XXXX about lifestyle changes and dietary supplements?

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the promulgation of emergency department (ED) thoracotomy>40 years ago, there has been an ongoing search to define when this heroic resuscitative effort is futile. In this era of health care reform, generation of accurate data is imperative for developing @entity0 care guidelines. The purpose of this prospective multicenter study was to identify injury patterns and physiologic profiles at ED arrival that are compatible with survival. METHODS: Eighteen institutions representing the Western @entity2 Association commenced enrollment in January 2003; data were collected prospectively. RESULTS: During the ensuing 6 years, 56 @entity0 survived to hospital discharge. Mean age was 31.3 years (15-64 years), and 93% were male. As expected, survival was predominant in those with @entity3 (77%), followed by abdomen (9%), extremity (7%), neck (4%), and head (4%). The most common injury was a @entity1 wound (30%), followed by a gunshot wound to the lung (16%); 9% of survivors sustained blunt @entity2 , 34% underwent prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and the presenting base deficit was >25 mequiv/L in 18%. Relevant to futile care, there were survivors of blunt torso injuries with CPR up to 9 minutes and penetrating torso wounds up to 15 minutes. @entity4 was documented at ED arrival in seven @entity0 (12%); all these @entity0 had pericardial tamponade and three (43%) had good functional neurologic recovery at hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Resuscitative thoracotomy in the ED can be considered futile care when (a) prehospital CPR exceeds 10 minutes after blunt @entity2 without a response, (b) prehospital CPR exceeds 15 minutes after penetrating @entity2 without a response, and (c) asystole is the presenting rhythm and there is no pericardial tamponade.

title: Defining the limits of resuscitative emergency department thoracotomy: a contemporary Western XXXX Association perspective.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective To analyze the influence of nursing workload on the occurrence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 in the intensive care unit (ICU), according to type of treatment. Method Retrospective cohort study developed in nine ICUs in S  o Paulo, Brazil, from September to December 2012. Nursing workload was measured by the Nursing Activities Score (NAS). The Student's t and Fisher's exact tests and logistic regressions were used in the analyses. Results The sample was composed of 835 @entity0 (54.3  17.3 years; 57.5% male), of which 12.5% acquired @entity1 in the ICU. The NAS of the @entity0 admitted for clinical treatment was 71.3  10.9, and for surgery 71.6  9.2. Length of stay in ICU and severity were predictive factors for occurrence of @entity1 in @entity0 admitted to the unit for clinical or surgical treatment, and male sex only for surgical @entity0 . When considering the admissions independent of type of treatment, in addition to the variables mentioned above, index of comorbidities also remained in the regression model. The NAS was not a predictive factor of @entity1 . Conclusion Nursing workload did not influence occurrence of @entity1 in the @entity0 included in this study.

title: Nursing workload: is it a predictor of XXXX in intensive care unit?

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: the diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) relies heavily on subjective rather than objective assessment criteria. Subsequently, published results after surgical decompression vary considerably. This study aimed to use a symptom-based @entity0 -directed questionnaire to assess the outcome after decompression for @entity1 . METHODS: sixty @entity0 who underwent decompression procedures were identified from a prospectively maintained vascular database. @entity0 records were analysed for details regarding initial presentation, investigation, type of procedure used for decompression and management. Outcome questionnaires were sent to all identified @entity0 to give a @entity0 -based outcome measure. RESULTS: eighty-four per cent of @entity0 responded. In 90% of these @entity0 there was an improvement in symptoms post-surgery with a median follow up of 43 months. The results were not influenced by the procedure or approach used. CONCLUSION: surgery remains an effective tool in the management of @entity1 . A simple @entity0 -directed questionnaire as used in this study could assist in the standardisation of outcome assessment.

title: Outcome following surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the value of laryngeal electromyography in predicting recovery after @entity1 and to determine what elements of laryngeal electromyography are most predictive of outcome. DESIGN: Cohort study with retrospective data review. SETTING: University voice center. @entity0 : Consecutive sample of 31 @entity0 with @entity1 diagnosed by indirect laryngoscopy, using either nasal insertion with a flexible nasopharyngoscope or peroral with a 70 degrees Hopkins rod. Inclusion criteria were that laryngeal electromyography had to have been performed between 21 days and 6 months from the onset of symptoms and @entity0 must have been followed a minimum of 6 months. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Vocal fold motion at 6 months from onset of symptoms. RESULTS: Nine subjects (29%) had resolved vocal fold motion, whereas 22 (71%) had persistent @entity1 . By using our laryngeal electromyography paradigm, 4 of 6 @entity0 with a laryngeal electromyography prognosis of excellent resolved. The predictive value for a negative test was 66.7%. For @entity0 with a fair or poor prognosis, 5 of 25 resolved. The predictive value for a positive test was 80%. Only 8 of 22 @entity0 with persistent @entity1 had fibrillations, and spontaneous activity was not significantly related to outcome. @entity0 with absent or greatly decreased motor unit recruitment had a significantly higher proportion of permanent @entity1 (P<.05). Stepwise forward logistic regression determined that prognosis by laryngeal electromyography and onset time were significant predictors of outcome (P<.01). The model predicted 44.4% of resolved cases, which represents a moderate prediction. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the utility of laryngeal electromyography in assessing prognosis for recovery of vocal fold motion after @entity2 . The results support our hypothesis that preset decision rules based on laryngeal electromyography data can be effectively used to determine a prognosis for recovery of vocal fold motion.

title: Utility of laryngeal electromyography in predicting recovery after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of hylan G-F 20 in the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the hip joint. DESIGN: Prospective within-group study. SETTING: Musculoskeletal rehabilitation clinic. @entity0 : Twenty-two @entity0 (25 hips) with hip joint @entity4 who had failed to find @entity2 relief from conservative methods such as physical therapy, exercises, and @entity1 injections. Demographics included 14 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 (mean age, 56.4y), 21 of whom had mild to moderate @entity4 and 4 of whom had severe @entity4 of the hips. INTERVENTION: Each hip joint was injected with 2mL of hylan G-F 20 at 2, 3, and 4 weeks and fluoroscopic lavage with 100mL of normal saline at week 1. All @entity0 had standard hip exercise regimen after the injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Lower Limb Core Scale score and visual numeric @entity2 score. RESULTS: At 1-year follow-up, the AAOS Lower Limb Core Scale score improved from a preinjection mean of 44.2 to a follow-up mean of 86.1 (P<.05). The mean visual numeric @entity2 score improved from a preinjection mean of 8.7 (range, 6.4-10) to a follow-up mean of 2.3 (range, 0-7.2). The overall success rate was 84%. In @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity4 , the mean @entity2 score decreased from a preinjection value of 7.8 to a follow-up value of 1.7. The success rate was 90.5% in that subgroup. In @entity0 with severe @entity4 , the mean @entity2 score decreased from a preinjection value of 9.1 to a follow-up value of 3.8. The success rate was 50% in that subgroup. There were no complications related to the injection. CONCLUSION: Use of hylan G-F 20 injection is a viable option for treatment of mild to moderate @entity3 .

title: Role of hylan G-F 20 in treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is the finding of endometrial glands or stroma in sites other than the uterine cavity. Endometriosis appears to be an @entity1 dependent condition. This hormonal dependency has prompted the therapeutic use of ovulation suppression agents, in an effort to improve subsequent fertility. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of a) ovulation suppression with @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity8 , combined oral contraceptive pills and @entity2 analogues versus placebo or no treatment and b) any of the above agents versus @entity4 , for the treatment of @entity0 -associated subfertility. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity3 and Subfertility Group trial register (searched 30 April 2002), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), MEDLINE (January 1966 to December 1998), EMBASE (January 1985 to December 1997) and reference lists of articles. We also contacted manufacturers and researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials comparing the interventions described above, were included if allocation to treatment was based on a random process. Six RCTs with seven treatment arms compared an ovulation suppression agent with placebo or no treatment. Ten trials were identified comparing a suppressive agent with @entity4 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Relevant data were extracted independently by two reviewers using the standardised data extraction sheet. Validity was assessed in terms of method of randomisation, completeness of follow-up, presence or absence of crossover and co-intervention. 2 x 2 tables were generated for all relevant outcomes. Odds ratios were generated using the Peto modified Mantel-Haenszel technique. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Breslow-Day X2. MAIN RESULTS: The odds ratio for pregnancy following ovulation suppression versus placebo or no treatment was 0.74 (95%CI 0.48 to 1.15). These data were statistically homogeneous, despite the use of a variety of suppression agents. They suggest no statistically significant benefit from treatment. The odds ratio for pregnancy following all agents versus @entity4 , the most commonly used agent prior to the advent of @entity5 agonists ( @entity6 ), was 1.3 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.76). When GnRHa and @entity4 were directly compared, the odds ratio for pregnancy across six trials, was similar to the summary statistic for all ten studies: 1.29 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.85). Again, this suggests no statistically significant difference between these interventions. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: These results rule out a benefit of more than a 15% increase in odds, and do not justify the risk of side effects when used as therapy for @entity0 -associated subfertility.

title: Ovulation suppression for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a frequent event for @entity1 @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy and it is potentially a life threatening situation. The current treatment is supportive care plus antibiotics. Colony stimulating factors (CSF) are cytokines that stimulate and accelerate the production of one or more cellular lines in bone marrow. Some clinical trials addressed the question of whether the addition of CSF to antibiotics (ATB) could improve the outcomes of @entity0 with @entity2 . The results of these trials are conflicting and no definitive conclusion could be reached. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of adding colony stimulating factors to ATB when treating @entity2 caused by @entity1 chemotherapy. SEARCH STRATEGY: The search covered the major electronic databases: CANCERLIT, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, SCI and The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Experts were consulted and references from the relevant articles scanned. SELECTION CRITERIA: We looked for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare CSF plus antibiotics versus antibiotics alone for the treatment of established @entity2 in adults and @entity0 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two of the reviewers independently selected, critically appraised and extracted data from the studies. A meta-analysis of the select studies was performed, using Review Manager. MAIN RESULTS: More than 8000 references were screened. Thirteen studies were included. The overall mortality was not influenced by the use of CSF [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.43 to 1.08; p=0.1]. A marginally significant result was obtained for the use of CSF in reducing infection related mortality [OR= 0.51; 95% CI = 0.26 to 1.00; p=0.05], but this result was highly influenced by one study. When this study is excluded from our analysis, this possible benefit disappears [OR= 0.85; 95% CI = 0.33 to 2.20; p= 0.7]. The group of @entity0 treated with CSF had a shorter length of hospitalization [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.82; p=0.0006] and a shorter time to neutrophil recovery [HR= 0.32; 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.46; p < 0.00001]. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The use of CSF in @entity0 with @entity2 due to @entity1 chemotherapy does not affect overall mortality, but reduces the amount of time spent in hospital and the neutrophil recovery period. It was not clear whether CSF has an effect on infection-related mortality.

title: Colony stimulating factors for chemotherapy induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Good unaided distance visual acuity is now a realistic expectation following @entity2 surgery and intraocular lens implantation. @entity1 however still requires additional refractive power, usually in the form of reading glasses. Multiple optic (multifocal) intraocular lenses are available which claim to allow good vision at a range of distances. It is unclear whether this benefit outweighs the optical compromises inherent in multifocal intraocular lenses. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to assess the effects of multifocal intraocular lenses, including effects on visual acuity, subjective @entity1 , spectacle dependence, glare and contrast sensitivity, compared to standard monofocal lenses. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials - CENTRAL (which includes the Eyes and Vision Group trials register) on the Cochrane Library (Issue 1 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to March 2002) and EMBASE (1980 to February 2002). The reference lists of relevant articles were searched. Investigators of included studies and manufacturers of multifocal intraocular lenses were contacted for information about additional published and unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials comparing a multifocal intraocular lens of any type with a monofocal intraocular lens as control were included. Both unilateral and bilateral implantation trials were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were collected and trial quality assessed. Where possible, statistical summary measures were calculated, otherwise data was tabulated. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials were identified. There was significant variability between the trials in which outcomes were reported. Unaided distance acuity was similar in multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses (Peto @entity3 , 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.75 to 1.96). There was no statistical difference between multifocal IOLs and monofocals with respect to the proportion of @entity0 achieving 6/6 best corrected visual acuity (Peto Odds Ratio 1.43, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.09). @entity1 was improved with the multifocal intraocular lenses. Total freedom from use of glasses was achieved more frequently with multifocal than monofocal IOLs (OR for spectacle dependence 0.15, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.22). Adverse effects included reduced contrast sensitivity and the subjective experience of haloes around lights. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Multifocal intraocular lenses are effective at improving near vision relative to monofocal intraocular lenses. Whether that improvement outweighs the adverse effects of multifocal intraocular lenses will vary between @entity0 , with motivation to achieve spectacle independence likely to be the deciding factor.

title: Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after XXXX extraction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To explore the roles of @entity0 synthase (NOS), @entity2 oxygenase (HO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) in gastric ulceration and to investigate the relationships of the expression and activities of these enzymes at different stages of gastric ulceration. METHODS: @entity5 (kissing ulcers) were induced by luminal application of @entity4 . Gastric tissue samples were obtained from the @entity1 base, @entity1 margin, and non-ulcerated area around the @entity1 margin at different time intervals after @entity1 induction. The mRNA expression and protein levels of inducible and constitutive isoforms of NOS, HO and COX were analyzed with RT-PCR and Western blotting methods. The activities of the total NOS, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), HO, and COX were also determined. RESULTS: Differential expression of inducible @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity6 and enzyme activities of NOS, HO and COX were found in the gastric @entity1 base. High @entity3 expression and activity were observed on day 1 to day 3 in severely inflamed @entity1 tissues. Maximum expressions of @entity7 and @entity6 and enzyme activities of HO and COX lagged behind that of @entity3 , and remained at high levels during the healing phase. CONCLUSION: The expression and activities of @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity6 are found to be correlated to different stages of gastric ulceration. @entity3 may contribute to @entity1 formation while @entity7 and @entity6 may promote @entity1 .

title: Expression and activities of three inducible enzymes in the healing of XXXX in rats.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite numerous studies regarding @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in adult @entity4 ( @entity4 ), there are few studies on this topic among adolescents. The current study attempts to extend the literature on prevalence and correlates of @entity1 in adolescent @entity4 by including control @entity0 , and determining @entity1 by direct measurement. METHODS: @entity0 were 75 treatment-seeking adolescents, ages 13-19 years, with @entity4 -I, -II, or -not otherwise specified, and 47 adolescents without major @entity2 . Diagnoses and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Kiddie Schedule for @entity7 and @entity3 for School Age @entity0 , Present and Lifetime version (KSADS-PL). Family @entity2 history was assessed using the Family History Screen. @entity1 was defined as adjusted body-mass index >= 95th percentile. Variables associated with @entity1 in univariate analyses informed variable selection for within-group logistic regression analysis among @entity4 adolescents. RESULTS: @entity4 @entity0 had a significantly higher rate of @entity1 (18%) compared to controls (4%;   (2)   =   5.3; p   =   0.02). @entity4 remained a significant predictor for @entity1 when controlling for race (odds ratio [OR]   =   5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]   =   1.1-24.0, p   =   0.04). In univariate analyses among @entity4 adolescents, @entity1 was significantly associated with suicide attempt, self-injurious behavior, and @entity6 . In multivariable analyses, suicide attempt and antidepressants that were not selective @entity5 reuptake inhibitors were significantly associated with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 is excessively prevalent among adolescents with @entity4 and is associated with proxies for illness severity, including suicide attempts. Additional research is warranted to identify strategies to prevent and treat @entity1 among @entity4 adolescents, and to elucidate processes underlying the elevated risk of suicide attempts.

title: Controlled Study of Obesity Among Adolescents with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic @entity4 administration in evidencing endolymphatic hydrops in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 : A total of 26 @entity0 (18 male and 8 female subjects, aged 25-78 yr; median age, 56 yr) with definite @entity3 and 12 subjects (8 male and 4 female subjects, aged 31-75 yr; median age, 51 yr) with various unilateral @entity1 of the inner ear were examined. INTERVENTION: A 0.6-ml solution of @entity5 (1 mmol/ml), diluted 1:7 in saline, was injected in the affected ear through the inferior-posterior quadrant of the tympanic membrane, using a 22-gauge spinal needle. In 9 @entity3 @entity0 , the contralateral ear also was injected. The @entity0 was kept with the head rotated 45 degrees contralaterally for 30 minutes after each injection. Twenty-four hours later, a 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging using a 3 Tesla unit was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Perilymphatic enhancement was evaluated in different portions of the labyrinth in @entity3 ears and compared with the outcomes obtained in the non- @entity3 ears. RESULTS: All @entity3 ears showed impaired perilymphatic enhancement of variable degrees. No enhancement defects could be observed in all examined contralateral unaffected ear of the @entity0 with @entity3 , as well as in 11 of the 12 ears of the subjects with various unilateral @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Perilymphatic enhancement defect of variable degrees is observed in the pathologic ear of every @entity0 with @entity3 . The consistency of this phenomenon in @entity3 ears and the complete enhancement in most of the ears without @entity3 safely enable to attribute these findings to endolymphatic hydrops. It is likely in the near future that imaging may be used to achieve a certain diagnosis of @entity3 in life.

title: Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic administration of XXXX in the identification of endolymphatic hydrops in @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic @entity4 administration in evidencing endolymphatic hydrops in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 : A total of 26 @entity0 (18 male and 8 female subjects, aged 25-78 yr; median age, 56 yr) with definite @entity3 and 12 subjects (8 male and 4 female subjects, aged 31-75 yr; median age, 51 yr) with various unilateral @entity1 of the inner ear were examined. INTERVENTION: A 0.6-ml solution of @entity5 (1 mmol/ml), diluted 1:7 in saline, was injected in the affected ear through the inferior-posterior quadrant of the tympanic membrane, using a 22-gauge spinal needle. In 9 @entity3 @entity0 , the contralateral ear also was injected. The @entity0 was kept with the head rotated 45 degrees contralaterally for 30 minutes after each injection. Twenty-four hours later, a 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging using a 3 Tesla unit was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Perilymphatic enhancement was evaluated in different portions of the labyrinth in @entity3 ears and compared with the outcomes obtained in the non- @entity3 ears. RESULTS: All @entity3 ears showed impaired perilymphatic enhancement of variable degrees. No enhancement defects could be observed in all examined contralateral unaffected ear of the @entity0 with @entity3 , as well as in 11 of the 12 ears of the subjects with various unilateral @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Perilymphatic enhancement defect of variable degrees is observed in the pathologic ear of every @entity0 with @entity3 . The consistency of this phenomenon in @entity3 ears and the complete enhancement in most of the ears without @entity3 safely enable to attribute these findings to endolymphatic hydrops. It is likely in the near future that imaging may be used to achieve a certain diagnosis of @entity3 in life.

title: Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic administration of @entity4 in the identification of endolymphatic hydrops in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic @entity4 administration in evidencing endolymphatic hydrops in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 : A total of 26 @entity0 (18 male and 8 female subjects, aged 25-78 yr; median age, 56 yr) with definite @entity3 and 12 subjects (8 male and 4 female subjects, aged 31-75 yr; median age, 51 yr) with various unilateral @entity1 of the inner ear were examined. INTERVENTION: A 0.6-ml solution of @entity5 (1 mmol/ml), diluted 1:7 in saline, was injected in the affected ear through the inferior-posterior quadrant of the tympanic membrane, using a 22-gauge spinal needle. In 9 @entity3 @entity0 , the contralateral ear also was injected. The @entity0 was kept with the head rotated 45 degrees contralaterally for 30 minutes after each injection. Twenty-four hours later, a 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging using a 3 Tesla unit was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Perilymphatic enhancement was evaluated in different portions of the labyrinth in @entity3 ears and compared with the outcomes obtained in the non- @entity3 ears. RESULTS: All @entity3 ears showed impaired perilymphatic enhancement of variable degrees. No enhancement defects could be observed in all examined contralateral unaffected ear of the @entity0 with @entity3 , as well as in 11 of the 12 ears of the subjects with various unilateral @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Perilymphatic enhancement defect of variable degrees is observed in the pathologic ear of every @entity0 with @entity3 . The consistency of this phenomenon in @entity3 ears and the complete enhancement in most of the ears without @entity3 safely enable to attribute these findings to endolymphatic hydrops. It is likely in the near future that imaging may be used to achieve a certain diagnosis of @entity3 in life.

title: Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic administration of @entity4 in the identification of endolymphatic hydrops in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Despite advancements in the field of surgical oncology, the diagnosis of @entity3 still carries a grave and dismal prognosis. Surgery alone for @entity2 of the pancreatic head or uncinate process has a median survival time of 12 months. These grim statistics have led many to study the effects of combined multimodality therapy in the fight against @entity3 . The long recovery time associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy has resulted in as many as 25% of @entity0 unable to proceed with planned adjuvant therapy. For these reasons preoperative or neoadjuvantc hemoradiation therapy (CRT) has been evaluated. Pre-operative CRT ensures that all eligible @entity0 receive the benefits of multimodality therapy, and @entity0 who manifest @entity1 on restaging evaluations are spared the morbidity of an unnecessary laparotomy. Multimodality therapy appears to lengthen the survival duration in @entity0 with @entity3 . It also affords a selection advantage, in that @entity0 with aggressive disease biology with advanced @entity1 following CRT are spared the morbidity of surgery. Conversely, a limited subset of @entity0 may even be downstaged, allowing for a potentially curative resection. In this article we review the current status of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in @entity2 . We discuss its rationale in light of the reported strengths and weaknesses of postoperative adjuvant CRT.

title: Preoperative chemoradiation in resectable XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 are often not recognized and undertreated. The diagnosis of current or past episodes of hypomania is of importance in order to increase diagnostic certainty. The Hypomania Checklist-32 is a self-applied questionnaire aimed at recognizing these episodes. As part of the international collaborative effort to develop multi-lingual versions of the Hypomania Checklist-32, we aimed to validate the Brazilian version and to compare its psychometric properties with those of the @entity3 Questionnaire. METHOD: Adult outpatients with @entity0 I (n=37), @entity0 II (n=44) and @entity1 (n=42) of a specialized @entity3 unit were diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR using a modified version of the @entity2 . We analyzed the internal consistency and discriminative ability of the Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version in relation to the @entity3 Questionnaire. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the Brazilian Hypomania Checklist-32, analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was 0.86. A score of 18 or higher in the Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version distinguished between @entity0 and @entity1 , with a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.58, compared to 0.70 and 0.58, respectively, for the @entity3 Questionnaire (score>7). The Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version showed a dual factor structure characterized by "active/elated" and "risk-taking/irritable" items. Hence, the Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version was found to have a higher sensitivity but the same specificity as the @entity3 Questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the Hypomania Checklist-32 has adequate psychometric properties and helps discriminating @entity0 from @entity1 (but not @entity0 I from @entity0 II) with good sensitivity and specificity indices, similar to those of the @entity3 Questionnaire.

title: Reliability and validity of a Brazilian version of the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) compared to the XXXX Questionnaire (MDQ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: The primary objective of this study was to investigate structural changes, as measured by joint space narrowing (JSN), within the knee joint during treatment with intra-articular @entity2 (HA) of molecular weight 500-730 kDa in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of the knee. @entity0 received a weekly intra-articular injection of either 20 mg2/ml HA or a 2 ml vehicle placebo (saline) for three weeks. This course was repeated twice more at four-monthly intervals. Concomitant treatment with analgesics or NSAIDs was allowed. The primary efficacy measure was the reduction in mean joint space width (JSW) of the medial compartment at 52 weeks. A total of 408 @entity0 were randomised and 319 completed the one-year study (HA: n=160, placebo: n=159); 273 of the 319 were included in the primary analysis. Analysis of variance on these 273 @entity0 did not show a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups. However, there was a significant difference in response to treatment in terms of the baseline JSW (p=0.01), indicating that outcome of treatment may depend on-baseline JSW. Therefore, a subgroup analysis by baseline JSW was conducted. This compared @entity0 with a JSW >4.6 mm with those with a JSW <4.6 mm. In those with radiologically milder disease at baseline and receiving HA, the JSN was significantly reduced compared with placebo (p=0.02). In @entity0 with radiologically more severe disease there was no difference in JSN between the two treatments. Although, in this one-year study, no overall treatment effect was seen, those with radiologically milder disease at baseline had less progression of joint space narrowing when treated with HA.

title: A one-year, randomised, placebo (saline) controlled clinical trial of 500-730 kDa XXXX (Hyalgan) on the radiological change in osteoarthritis of the knee.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anastomotic dehiscence and leaks are major problems in gastrointestinal surgery and result in increased morbidity and mortality. The ideal device to create anastomoses should ensure good serosal apposition without requiring either transgression of the bowel wall or the presence of foreign material for an extended period of time. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a  new compression @entity0 clip (CAC) for jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies by comparing CAC anastomoses with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) anastomoses in @entity1 in terms of healing, breaking strength and the time to create anastomoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 11 @entity1 in the study underwent side-to-side CAC and @entity3 jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies, for a  total of 88 anastomoses. The @entity1 were sacrificed on postoperative day 5 (5 @entity1 ) or 7 (6  @entity1 ). Macroscopic, histopathological and breaking-strength examinations were performed. The time to create the anastomoses was recorded. RESULTS: Neither group had anastomotic complications such as @entity2 . Macroscopic examination showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. In the CAC group, the healing process was characterized by a  lesser inflammatory reaction (p  <  0.05) and very thin scar tissue at the anastomotic line (less collagen deposition and better epithelial regeneration), while the @entity3 group had a  much thicker anastomotic line. The breaking strength was significantly greater in the CAC group compared with the @entity3 group (p  <  0.05). The @entity0 time was shorter in the CAC group than in the @entity3 group (p  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 using a  CAC appears to be safe and less time-consuming than @entity3 ; it was also characterized by a  good healing process with little inflammatory reaction and a  high breaking strength compared with @entity3  @entity0 .

title: Compression XXXX Clips Versus a Hand-Sewn Technique for Intestinal @entity0 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anastomotic dehiscence and leaks are major problems in gastrointestinal surgery and result in increased morbidity and mortality. The ideal device to create anastomoses should ensure good serosal apposition without requiring either transgression of the bowel wall or the presence of foreign material for an extended period of time. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a  new compression @entity0 clip (CAC) for jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies by comparing CAC anastomoses with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) anastomoses in @entity1 in terms of healing, breaking strength and the time to create anastomoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 11 @entity1 in the study underwent side-to-side CAC and @entity3 jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies, for a  total of 88 anastomoses. The @entity1 were sacrificed on postoperative day 5 (5 @entity1 ) or 7 (6  @entity1 ). Macroscopic, histopathological and breaking-strength examinations were performed. The time to create the anastomoses was recorded. RESULTS: Neither group had anastomotic complications such as @entity2 . Macroscopic examination showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. In the CAC group, the healing process was characterized by a  lesser inflammatory reaction (p  <  0.05) and very thin scar tissue at the anastomotic line (less collagen deposition and better epithelial regeneration), while the @entity3 group had a  much thicker anastomotic line. The breaking strength was significantly greater in the CAC group compared with the @entity3 group (p  <  0.05). The @entity0 time was shorter in the CAC group than in the @entity3 group (p  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 using a  CAC appears to be safe and less time-consuming than @entity3 ; it was also characterized by a  good healing process with little inflammatory reaction and a  high breaking strength compared with @entity3  @entity0 .

title: Compression @entity0 Clips Versus a Hand-Sewn Technique for Intestinal XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anastomotic dehiscence and leaks are major problems in gastrointestinal surgery and result in increased morbidity and mortality. The ideal device to create anastomoses should ensure good serosal apposition without requiring either transgression of the bowel wall or the presence of foreign material for an extended period of time. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a  new compression @entity0 clip (CAC) for jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies by comparing CAC anastomoses with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) anastomoses in @entity1 in terms of healing, breaking strength and the time to create anastomoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 11 @entity1 in the study underwent side-to-side CAC and @entity3 jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies, for a  total of 88 anastomoses. The @entity1 were sacrificed on postoperative day 5 (5 @entity1 ) or 7 (6  @entity1 ). Macroscopic, histopathological and breaking-strength examinations were performed. The time to create the anastomoses was recorded. RESULTS: Neither group had anastomotic complications such as @entity2 . Macroscopic examination showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. In the CAC group, the healing process was characterized by a  lesser inflammatory reaction (p  <  0.05) and very thin scar tissue at the anastomotic line (less collagen deposition and better epithelial regeneration), while the @entity3 group had a  much thicker anastomotic line. The breaking strength was significantly greater in the CAC group compared with the @entity3 group (p  <  0.05). The @entity0 time was shorter in the CAC group than in the @entity3 group (p  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 using a  CAC appears to be safe and less time-consuming than @entity3 ; it was also characterized by a  good healing process with little inflammatory reaction and a  high breaking strength compared with @entity3  @entity0 .

title: Compression @entity0 Clips Versus a Hand-Sewn Technique for Intestinal @entity0 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Hundred and ten liver biopsy specimens from various parts of the world were examined for episomal and integrated @entity1 -DNA sequences. In 54 @entity0 with HBsAg chronic @entity3 episomal @entity1 -DNA was found in 83% of HBeAg-positive @entity0 , compared to only 22% of patients with anti-HBe. Furthermore episomal @entity1 -DNA in the latter predominated among the Asians. Integrated @entity1 -DNA was found only in 5.5% of HBeAg-positive @entity0 but in 16.5% of patients with anti-HBe. In 28 HBsAg-positive @entity0 with @entity2 , episomal @entity1 -DNA was found in 50% of HBeAg-positive @entity0 but in only 11% of anti-HBe @entity0 . Conversely integrated sequences were less common (25%) in HBe-Ag-positive @entity0 than in anti-HBe @entity0 (50%), giving an overall incidence of integration in this group of 45%. No episomal, and only one case of integrated sequences of @entity1 -DNA, could be detected among 10 @entity0 with @entity2 . In addition neither episomal nor integrated @entity1 -DNA could be detected in 18 @entity0 with non- @entity1 -related @entity3 . Our data suggests that stable integration of @entity1 -DNA into the host's genome is not necessarily a prerequisite for the maintenance of the state of malignant transformation but may be necessary for its initiation. Alternatively, the detection of integrated @entity1 -DNA may represent a 'snap shot' of a random integration event amplified by clonal expansion promoted by other factors.

title: Integration of XXXX -DNA may not be a prerequisite for the maintenance of the state of malignant transformation. An analysis of 110 liver biopsies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are uncommon @entity1 that present with a bimodal age distribution, affecting either @entity0 /young @entity0 or adult females. Although differences between these age groups have been suggested, large studies of pediatric CN have not been conducted. As a result, the nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for these lesions remain controversial. In addition, the morphological overlap seen between CN and cystic partially differentiated @entity2 (CPDN) can result in diagnostic dilemmas. This study reviews the morphologic and radiographic features of 44 pediatric CN prospectively enrolled on a @entity0 's Oncology Group protocol from 2007 to 2013. Although the typical multicystic architecture with thin septa described in adult CN was present in all of our pediatric cases, differences were also identified. We report distinctive features that add to the morphological spectrum of CN in @entity0 . Of the 44 cases, 16 had been previously analyzed and reported for @entity3 mutation, and either loss of function or missense mutations or both were identified in 15 of 16. In contrast, we analyzed 10 cases of adult CN, and all were negative for @entity3 mutations; similarly, 6 CPDNs previously analyzed and reported were negative for @entity3 mutations. Therefore, the clinical, morphological, and genetic differences between pediatric and adult CN, as well as between CN and CPDN, suggest that these 3 lesions represent distinct entities.

title: Pediatric cystic XXXX : distinctive features and frequent @entity3 mutations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are uncommon @entity1 that present with a bimodal age distribution, affecting either @entity0 /young @entity0 or adult females. Although differences between these age groups have been suggested, large studies of pediatric CN have not been conducted. As a result, the nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for these lesions remain controversial. In addition, the morphological overlap seen between CN and cystic partially differentiated @entity2 (CPDN) can result in diagnostic dilemmas. This study reviews the morphologic and radiographic features of 44 pediatric CN prospectively enrolled on a @entity0 's Oncology Group protocol from 2007 to 2013. Although the typical multicystic architecture with thin septa described in adult CN was present in all of our pediatric cases, differences were also identified. We report distinctive features that add to the morphological spectrum of CN in @entity0 . Of the 44 cases, 16 had been previously analyzed and reported for @entity3 mutation, and either loss of function or missense mutations or both were identified in 15 of 16. In contrast, we analyzed 10 cases of adult CN, and all were negative for @entity3 mutations; similarly, 6 CPDNs previously analyzed and reported were negative for @entity3 mutations. Therefore, the clinical, morphological, and genetic differences between pediatric and adult CN, as well as between CN and CPDN, suggest that these 3 lesions represent distinct entities.

title: Pediatric cystic @entity4 : distinctive features and frequent XXXX mutations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive validity of the Word Memory Test (WMT), a verbal memory neuropsychological test developed as a performance validity measure to assess memory, effort, and performance consistency. DESIGN: Cohort study with 1-year follow-up. SETTING: Workers' compensation rehabilitation facility. @entity0 : @entity0 included workers' compensation claimants with work-related @entity2 (N=188; mean age, 44y; 161 @entity0 [85.6%]). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures for determining predictive validity included days to suspension of wage replacement benefits during the 1-year follow-up and work status at discharge in claimants undergoing rehabilitation. Analysis included multivariable @entity3 and logistic regression. RESULTS: Better WMT performance was significantly but weakly correlated with younger age (r=-.30), documented brain abnormality (r=.28), and @entity4 at the time of injury (r=.25). Claimants with documented @entity1 on diagnostic imaging scans performed better (   9%) on the WMT than those without @entity1 . The WMT predicted days receiving benefits (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.24) and work status outcome at program discharge (adjusted odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.34). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence for the predictive validity of the WMT in workers' compensation claimants. Younger claimants and those with more severe @entity5 performed better on the WMT. It may be that financial incentives or other factors related to the compensation claim affected the performance.

title: Word Memory Test Predicts Recovery in Claimants With Work-Related XXXX .

answer: @entity2