abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare, in a randomised clinical trial, the efficacy of @entity4 and @entity1 as medical expulsive therapy for @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: In all, 128 symptomatic @entity0 with stones in the juxtavesical tract of the ureter were randomly divided into group 1 (64 @entity0 ) receiving oral @entity1 sustained-release 30  mg/day, and group 2 (64 @entity0 ) receiving @entity4 0.4  mg/day. Both groups received oral @entity2 30  mg/day for 10  days and @entity3 75  mg intramuscularly on demand. @entity0 were assessed by weekly ultrasonography with or with no abdominal computed tomography, during a follow-up of 4  weeks. The stone passage rate and time, analgesic use, hospitalisation and endoscopic interventions were evaluated. The results were analysed statistically using appropriate tests. RESULTS: The stone expulsion rate was 55% for group 1 and 80% for group 2 (P  =  0.004). The mean stone size was 8.59 and 8.85  mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean expulsion time was 23  days for group 1 and 9  days for group 2 (P  <  0.001). The mean number of @entity3 injections was 1.19 for group 1 and 0.42 for group 2 (P  <  0.001). Eleven @entity0 in group 1 vs. two in group 2 were hospitalised (P  =  0.001). Twenty-six @entity0 in group 1 and 13 in group 2 underwent ureteroscopy (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Medical expulsive therapy with @entity4 should be considered as a first-line treatment for index cases of @entity5 with no complications. The use of @entity4 provides better stone expulsion than does @entity1 .

title: The efficacy of XXXX vs. @entity1 for the medical expulsive therapy of distal ureteric stones: A randomised clinical trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Renal involvement in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is usually immune complex mediated and may have multiple different presentations. Pauci-immune @entity2 and crescentic @entity3 (NCGN) refers to extensive @entity1 with few or no immune deposits that may result in rapid decline in renal function. We report a case of a 79-year-old Hispanic male with a history of secondary @entity1 (diagnosed by renal biopsy 15 years previously) who was admitted with @entity4 and active urinary sediment. P-ANCA titers and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies were positive. The renal biopsy was diagnostic for NCGN superimposed on a secondary @entity1 . A previous diagnosis of @entity5 based on American College of Rheumatology criteria was discovered via Veteran's Administration records review after the completion of treatment for pauci-immune NCGN. ANCAs are detected in 20-31% of @entity0 with @entity5 . There may be an association between @entity5 and ANCA seropositivity. In @entity0 with @entity6 and biopsy findings of @entity2 and crescentic @entity3 , without significant immune complex deposition, ANCA testing should be performed. In @entity0 with secondary @entity1 @entity5 should be excluded.

title: @entity2 and @entity3 with @entity6 , Fifteen Years after Initial Diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Renal involvement in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is usually immune complex mediated and may have multiple different presentations. Pauci-immune @entity2 and crescentic @entity3 (NCGN) refers to extensive @entity1 with few or no immune deposits that may result in rapid decline in renal function. We report a case of a 79-year-old Hispanic male with a history of secondary @entity1 (diagnosed by renal biopsy 15 years previously) who was admitted with @entity4 and active urinary sediment. P-ANCA titers and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies were positive. The renal biopsy was diagnostic for NCGN superimposed on a secondary @entity1 . A previous diagnosis of @entity5 based on American College of Rheumatology criteria was discovered via Veteran's Administration records review after the completion of treatment for pauci-immune NCGN. ANCAs are detected in 20-31% of @entity0 with @entity5 . There may be an association between @entity5 and ANCA seropositivity. In @entity0 with @entity6 and biopsy findings of @entity2 and crescentic @entity3 , without significant immune complex deposition, ANCA testing should be performed. In @entity0 with secondary @entity1 @entity5 should be excluded.

title: @entity2 and XXXX with @entity6 , Fifteen Years after Initial Diagnosis of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Renal involvement in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is usually immune complex mediated and may have multiple different presentations. Pauci-immune @entity2 and crescentic @entity3 (NCGN) refers to extensive @entity1 with few or no immune deposits that may result in rapid decline in renal function. We report a case of a 79-year-old Hispanic male with a history of secondary @entity1 (diagnosed by renal biopsy 15 years previously) who was admitted with @entity4 and active urinary sediment. P-ANCA titers and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies were positive. The renal biopsy was diagnostic for NCGN superimposed on a secondary @entity1 . A previous diagnosis of @entity5 based on American College of Rheumatology criteria was discovered via Veteran's Administration records review after the completion of treatment for pauci-immune NCGN. ANCAs are detected in 20-31% of @entity0 with @entity5 . There may be an association between @entity5 and ANCA seropositivity. In @entity0 with @entity6 and biopsy findings of @entity2 and crescentic @entity3 , without significant immune complex deposition, ANCA testing should be performed. In @entity0 with secondary @entity1 @entity5 should be excluded.

title: XXXX and @entity3 with @entity6 , Fifteen Years after Initial Diagnosis of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Renal involvement in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is usually immune complex mediated and may have multiple different presentations. Pauci-immune @entity2 and crescentic @entity3 (NCGN) refers to extensive @entity1 with few or no immune deposits that may result in rapid decline in renal function. We report a case of a 79-year-old Hispanic male with a history of secondary @entity1 (diagnosed by renal biopsy 15 years previously) who was admitted with @entity4 and active urinary sediment. P-ANCA titers and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies were positive. The renal biopsy was diagnostic for NCGN superimposed on a secondary @entity1 . A previous diagnosis of @entity5 based on American College of Rheumatology criteria was discovered via Veteran's Administration records review after the completion of treatment for pauci-immune NCGN. ANCAs are detected in 20-31% of @entity0 with @entity5 . There may be an association between @entity5 and ANCA seropositivity. In @entity0 with @entity6 and biopsy findings of @entity2 and crescentic @entity3 , without significant immune complex deposition, ANCA testing should be performed. In @entity0 with secondary @entity1 @entity5 should be excluded.

title: @entity2 and @entity3 with XXXX , Fifteen Years after Initial Diagnosis of @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mobilization with movement (MWM) has been shown to reduce @entity2 , increase @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and physical function in a range of different @entity1 . Despite this evidence, there is a lack of studies evaluating the effects of MWM for @entity3 ( @entity4 ). OBJECTIVES: To determine the immediate effects of MWM on @entity2 , @entity5 and functional performance in @entity0 with @entity3 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with immediate follow-up. METHOD: Forty consenting @entity0 (mean age 78      6 years; 54% female) satisfied the eligibility criteria. All @entity0 completed the study. Two forms of MWM techniques (n  =  20) or a simulated MWM (sham) (n  =  20) were applied. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: @entity2 recorded by numerical rating scale (NRS). SECONDARY OUTCOMES: hip flexion and internal rotation @entity5 , and physical performance (timed up and go, sit to stand, and 40  m self placed walk test) were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: For the MWM group, @entity2 decreased by 2 points on the NRS, hip flexion increased by 12.2  , internal rotation by 4.4  , and functional tests were also improved with clinically relevant effects following the MWM. There were no significant changes in the sham group for any outcome variable. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 , hip flexion @entity5 and physical performance immediately improved after the application of MWM in elderly @entity0 suffering @entity3 . The observed immediate changes were of clinical relevance. Future studies are required to determine the long-term effects of this intervention.

title: Immediate effects of hip mobilization with movement in @entity0 with XXXX : A randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mobilization with movement (MWM) has been shown to reduce @entity2 , increase @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and physical function in a range of different @entity1 . Despite this evidence, there is a lack of studies evaluating the effects of MWM for @entity3 ( @entity4 ). OBJECTIVES: To determine the immediate effects of MWM on @entity2 , @entity5 and functional performance in @entity0 with @entity3 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with immediate follow-up. METHOD: Forty consenting @entity0 (mean age 78      6 years; 54% female) satisfied the eligibility criteria. All @entity0 completed the study. Two forms of MWM techniques (n  =  20) or a simulated MWM (sham) (n  =  20) were applied. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: @entity2 recorded by numerical rating scale (NRS). SECONDARY OUTCOMES: hip flexion and internal rotation @entity5 , and physical performance (timed up and go, sit to stand, and 40  m self placed walk test) were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: For the MWM group, @entity2 decreased by 2 points on the NRS, hip flexion increased by 12.2  , internal rotation by 4.4  , and functional tests were also improved with clinically relevant effects following the MWM. There were no significant changes in the sham group for any outcome variable. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 , hip flexion @entity5 and physical performance immediately improved after the application of MWM in elderly @entity0 suffering @entity3 . The observed immediate changes were of clinical relevance. Future studies are required to determine the long-term effects of this intervention.

title: Immediate effects of hip mobilization with movement in XXXX with @entity3 : A randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Results after radiotherapy, alone or combined with surgery, applied prior to 1982 in 1700 @entity0 with localized ENT @entity1 showed 669 (39%) of @entity2 and isolated second ENT localizations. Therapeutic recovery operation was performed in 263 of these 669 cases (39%). For the 324 cases of @entity3 failures, 31% had recovery treatment, with a level varying between 15% for base of tongue and 55% for @entity1 . Frequency of treatments varied with initial TNM (18% for T3-T4 and 47% for T1-T2) and initial treatment (26% after combined radiotherapy-surgery and 32% after radiotherapy alone). Surgery had been the main treatment (74%) followed by curietherapy (19%). Overall control rate was 55.5%. The 3 year survival rate for all @entity3 failures treated was 31%, with survival medians of between 8 and 44 months as a function of initial localization. For the 156 cases of @entity2 , 62% had recovery treatment, results varying according to whether it was a case of immediate N failure or a lymph node recurrence. The local control rate was 62.5% globally, the 3 year survival for @entity2 treated 17.5%. For the 115 T + N failures, recovery treatment was attempted in only 9 cases (7%) but all @entity0 died within 2 years of evolution of the local and regional disease. For the 74 second ENT localizations, 80% had recovery treatment with a global local control of 73% and a 3 years survival of 35%. Recovery treatment for therapeutic ends is therefore a frequently practised procedure (39% of cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Salvage treatment with a view to recovery in a group of 1700 XXXX treated by radiotherapy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) rarely occur intraocularly. When present, they pose a diagnostic dilemma for the physician and often are mistaken as a @entity1 , resulting in enucleation. METHODS: The authors report the clinical findings of a 46-year-old @entity0 with a slowly progressive growing mass of the anterior chamber, associated with @entity3 and the development of @entity2 . To further delineate the @entity1 's features, ancillary techniques, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, were conducted. A definitive anterior chamber biopsy of the @entity1 was performed with histologic examination and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Ultrasonography, high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-delineated mass of the inferior ciliary body involving nearly 5 clock hours of the angle. Two clinical features that suggested a longstanding @entity1 were brilliant transillumination of the mass (leading to the impression of a " @entity5 ," not corroborated by ultrasonography) and retrodisplacement of the involved iris root. The histology, and particularly the electron microscopic features, confirmed the diagnosis of a @entity4 , a @entity1 of the anterior segment. CONCLUSION: Intraocular @entity4 are extremely rare @entity1 . Few are well documented with modern ancillary techniques. Clinical findings in conjunction with radiographic and ultrasonic features may support the diagnosis of a @entity1 . For this @entity0 , confirmation via biopsy permitted combined @entity2 and @entity3 surgery to rehabilitate the eye, which retains 20/20 visual acuity 3 years after the procedure.

title: XXXX . Unusual clinical findings intimating the diagnosis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy, technique, and follow-up results of @entity1 angioplasty for @entity2 . Percutaneous dilation was performed on 63 @entity0 with @entity2 (ages 3 months to 76 years, mean = 4.3 years). In 43 @entity0 , a single balloon was used; in 20 @entity0 two balloons were used simultaneously. The pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve was determined with right ventricular and main pulmonary artery catheters. Pressure gradients simultaneously were estimated by continuous wave Doppler (CWD) during catheterization. The peak systolic ejection gradient was obtained by both techniques both pre- and postangioplasty. There was excellent linear correlation between the simultaneous catheter pressure gradient and the pressure gradient estimated by Doppler (r = 0.99). Follow-up pressure gradient estimations by Doppler echocardiogram were obtained in 30 @entity0 between 6 months and 30 months postcatheterization (mean = 13 months). The mean preangioplasty gradient of 64 mm Hg (range 30-160 mm Hg) was reduced to 22 mm Hg (range 2-31 mm Hg). A significant @entity4 (52-95%, mean 68%) occurred in each @entity0 . A linear correlation was found between the predilation gradient and the pressure gradient drop (r = 0.92). Mean follow-up gradient by Doppler was 20 mm Hg (range 0-31 mm Hg), and there was no significant difference between these gradients and the postdilation gradient. No important complications were noted. These data confirm that @entity1 angioplasty for @entity2 is safe and effective, and suggest that @entity3 does not recur.

title: Balloon valvuloplasty for XXXX --two-year follow-up: hemodynamic and Doppler evaluation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 and lateral ankle ligament instability often present with varying degrees of @entity4 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether the severity of @entity3 would impact the clinical outcome in @entity0 treated operatively for both @entity1 and lateral ankle ligament instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 were treated with lateral ankle ligament reconstruction and realignment foot osteotomy. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Karlsson and Peterson (KP) scoring scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for @entity2 , and level of satisfaction were obtained. Preoperative and postoperative ankle radiographs were reviewed and graded using the van Dijk score. @entity0 with Grade 0 and I @entity4 preoperatively were grouped together as   no to minimal @entity4 '' (Group 1) and those with Grade II and III @entity4 preoperatively as   moderate to severe @entity4 '' (Group 2). There were 14 ankles in Group 1 and eight ankles in Group 2. Mean followup was 60.4 months. RESULTS: Mean AOFAS and KP scores were significantly improved in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at latest followup, while VAS @entity2 scale trended lower in Group 1. There were 12 excellent/good results, one fair result, and one poor result in Group 1. @entity0 in Group 2 had three excellent/good results, two fair results, and three poor results. One of 14 @entity0 in Group 1 had progression of @entity4 , while five of eight @entity0 in Group 2 either had progression of @entity4 or required an ankle fusion. CONCLUSION: @entity0 treated with lateral ankle ligament reconstruction and cavovarus realignment osteotomy with no to minimal preoperative @entity4 have higher clinical scores and increased satisfaction compared to @entity0 with more advanced preoperative @entity4 . A cautious and realistic approach should be followed when recommending surgical treatment for this @entity0 population.

title: Effect of XXXX on clinical outcome of lateral ankle ligament reconstruction in cavovarus feet.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone @entity4 (BMES) of the foot and ankle is an uncommon and often undiagnosed disorder that, to our knowledge, has not previously been reported in the orthopaedic literature. The current study reviews a consecutive series of @entity0 who were seen with this @entity1 in order to highlight the clinical presentation and diagnostic imaging characteristics specific to this disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart study was performed involving 601 @entity0 who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the foot and ankle at our institution from April 2005 to April 2006. We identified 14 @entity0 whose MR imaging demonstrated findings consistent with BMES. RESULTS: All 14 @entity0 demonstrated characteristic diffuse, irregularly increased signal intensity on T2-weighted MR imaging and variable areas of decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images in an average of three bones within the foot and ankle. Average @entity0 age was 16.4 (range, 10 to 27) years, and no @entity0 reported a history of prior @entity2 . Eight @entity0 received treatment for an incorrect initial diagnosis with two of those @entity0 undergoing surgical procedures. Twelve @entity0 were successfully treated with supportive nonoperative therapy for an average length of 19.4 months. Four @entity0 had followup MR imaging demonstrating signal changes consistent with their clinical improvement/changes. CONCLUSION: BMES of the foot and ankle is a clinical disorder seen in younger @entity0 with a clinical history of prolonged foot and @entity3 of unknown etiology and without prior @entity2 . MR findings from this series are consistent with previous descriptions in the radiology literature. Furthermore, MR imaging can be utilized to monitor the progression or resolution of this disorder. Proper diagnosis and treatment may prevent further unnecessary diagnostic testing or surgical procedures.

title: Painful XXXX of the foot and ankle.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) is a type of natural source of autologous growth factors, and has been used successfully in various fields. However the use ofPRP in @entity0 is not well documented. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of adding PRP to a bone graft in the bone regeneration of @entity1 following cystectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Study sample included 20 @entity0 who were randomly divided into two groups with 10 @entity0 in each group; all underwent cystectomy In the first group (test group), after cystectomy the @entity1 was filled with PRP and bone graft. In the second group (control group) bone graft alone (without PRP) was used. Radiographs were recorded at 1 month, 2 months, 4 months and 6 months intervals after surgery to evaluate the defect bone fill in both groups. RESULTS: The post-operative successive radiographs in the test group showed a significantly greater regeneration of bone in the height of @entity1 with application of PRP to bone graft as compared to the control group. In the test group, by the first post operative month, about 58% of the defect was filled, which gradually increased in each month and showed about 94% of defect-fill by 6 months. In the control group, similar observation revealed only 31% of defect-fill by the first post-operative month and a 47% defect-fill at 6 months. CONCLUSION: The addition of PRP to bone graft appeared to enhance bone regeneration considerably. The combination of PRP and bone graft might have a potential for routine clinical use for regeneration of @entity1 in @entity0 .

title: Efficacy of platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) in bone regeneration after cyst enucleation in pediatric XXXX --a clinical study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Primary spinal cord @entity1 is very rare, and in only one @entity0 with @entity5 has a deletion of chromosome 1p/19q been reported. We present the case of an 18-year-old @entity0 , who had one-year lower back @entity3 and one-month lower limb @entity4 . Magnetic resonance images of the spinal cord showed an intramedullary mass from level T8 to T10, which was then radically removed. Histology revealed an @entity7 . The @entity0 was treated with radiotherapy postoperatively. Eight months after the treatment, follow-up magnetic resonance images disclosed an enhancing intramedullary mass at level T4-T8; recurrence of the @entity1 was therefore diagnosed. Maximum surgical @entity1 was performed, diagnosis of @entity7 was made, and a chromosome 1p deletion was determined by FISH. After treatment with @entity6 for six months, the @entity0 had a remarkable improvement of her lower limb symptoms, and complete imaging regression of the @entity2 showed no evidence of recurrence at any other sites. The most recent MRI of brain and spinal cord showed postoperative changes without evidence of @entity1 recurrence of the spine and oligodendrogliomatosis along the cerebral-spinal axis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a recurrent @entity7 with 1p deletion occurring in the spinal cord. It is also the first case of the @entity0 with recurrent intramedullary @entity7 who had a significant clinical improvement and complete imaging remission after subtotal resection then treatment with @entity6 chemotherapy.

title: Spinal cord @entity7 with 1p deletion: report of a relapsing case treated with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Primary spinal cord @entity1 is very rare, and in only one @entity0 with @entity5 has a deletion of chromosome 1p/19q been reported. We present the case of an 18-year-old @entity0 , who had one-year lower back @entity3 and one-month lower limb @entity4 . Magnetic resonance images of the spinal cord showed an intramedullary mass from level T8 to T10, which was then radically removed. Histology revealed an @entity7 . The @entity0 was treated with radiotherapy postoperatively. Eight months after the treatment, follow-up magnetic resonance images disclosed an enhancing intramedullary mass at level T4-T8; recurrence of the @entity1 was therefore diagnosed. Maximum surgical @entity1 was performed, diagnosis of @entity7 was made, and a chromosome 1p deletion was determined by FISH. After treatment with @entity6 for six months, the @entity0 had a remarkable improvement of her lower limb symptoms, and complete imaging regression of the @entity2 showed no evidence of recurrence at any other sites. The most recent MRI of brain and spinal cord showed postoperative changes without evidence of @entity1 recurrence of the spine and oligodendrogliomatosis along the cerebral-spinal axis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a recurrent @entity7 with 1p deletion occurring in the spinal cord. It is also the first case of the @entity0 with recurrent intramedullary @entity7 who had a significant clinical improvement and complete imaging remission after subtotal resection then treatment with @entity6 chemotherapy.

title: Spinal cord XXXX with 1p deletion: report of a relapsing case treated with @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The association of high-risk @entity0 @entity1 (TC) has been documented. Because @entity0 with @entity1 show better survival rates, modification of their treatment regimen is being considered. It is therefore crucial to find markers for the identification of @entity0 whose @entity1 are linked to @entity6 . A cohort of 109 @entity0 with primary TC was screened for HPV DNA presence in the @entity1 tissues and HPV-specific antibodies in sera. Data regarding risk factors and clinical parameters were collected. Forty-five specimens were analyzed for the expression of viral E6 and E2-region mRNA, and the @entity4 and @entity3 protein expression status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The overall prevalence of HPV DNA in TC tissues was 65.1%. Ninety-three percent of HR HPV DNA-positive samples expressed E6*I mRNA. E2-region mRNA expression was detected in 36% of positive samples, which implies that the virus is integrated in 64% of HPV DNA/RNA-positive @entity1 . @entity4 overexpression and the presence of antibodies specific to @entity5 @entity7 oncoproteins correlated well with HPV DNA and RNA presence. The disease-specific survival rate of @entity0 with @entity1 was significantly higher than that of HPV DNA-negative @entity0 . In addition to providing further evidence of the involvement of @entity2 in the etiopathogenesis of a proportion of TC cases, our study demonstrates that @entity4 immunostaining and anti- @entity7 antibodies as surrogate markers of @entity8 represent specific, sensitive and clinically accessible assays for the identification of TC @entity0 who have a considerably better prognosis.

title: XXXX : prognostic significance and clinically relevant markers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Specific cDNA probes for transforming growth factor beta s ( @entity8 and @entity3 types I, II, and III receptors were used to study expression of the mRNAs of the different @entity3 ligand and @entity3 receptor isoforms in cultured @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cells and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cells. Expression of @entity3 mRNA was detected in both cell types using Northern blot hybridization, with the level of expression of this mRNA being higher in several @entity4 cell lines. In addition, expression of @entity5 and @entity6 mRNAs was also detected in @entity4 and @entity2 cells but at levels that were lower than that of @entity3 mRNA. Besides expression of a 3.4-kilobase (kb) @entity6 transcript, a smaller 2.8-kb @entity6 transcript was detected in some @entity4 and @entity2 cells. @entity3 and @entity5 proteins were detected in the conditioned media of @entity4 and @entity2 cells, with the levels being higher in several @entity4 cells than in @entity2 cells. Expression of @entity7 mRNAs was also detected in most @entity4 and @entity2 cells, with expression of a 5.5-kb type I receptor mRNA being higher than that of @entity1 -kb type II receptor mRNA in both cell types. In contrast, a 6-kb @entity3 type III receptor mRNA was detected in only some @entity4 cells and could not be detected in the @entity2 cells examined. Also, there was an inverse relationship between the level of expression of the 5.5-kb @entity3 type I receptor mRNA and that of the 6-kb @entity3 type III receptor mRNA. Addition of @entity3 and @entity5 proteins resulted in an increase in the mRNAs for @entity3 s 1 and 2 and an increase in the amount of @entity3 protein in some @entity4 cells, indicating that these cells are responsive to @entity3 and its effects. At the same time, a differential change in expression of the 2.8- and 3.4-kb @entity6 transcripts was detected in some @entity0 cells following the addition of @entity3 and @entity5 . Also, addition of @entity3 to @entity4 cells inhibited colony formation of some of these cells in soft agarose in a dose-dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Expression of transforming growth factor beta ligand and receptor messenger RNAs in XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this paper is to report clinical characteristics, consequences, echocardiographic features, and pathological findings encountered in @entity0 suffering from @entity3 associated with benfluorex exposure in a multicentre French registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty @entity0 suffering from unexplained restrictive @entity3 with a previous exposition to @entity6 , a @entity5 derivative, were identified from eight French university hospitals. @entity0 were mostly @entity0 (87.5%) with a mean age of 57    9 years and high body mass index of 30    7 kg/m  ; 37.5% of them presented with severe @entity4 (NYHA class III and IV). Benfluorex mean daily dose was 415    131 mg with total therapy duration of 72    53 months. Resulting cumulative dose was 910    675 g. Common echocardiographic findings were leaflets and sub-valvular apparatus thickening and retraction. Aortic and mitral @entity2 resulting from leaflets loss of coaptation were the most frequent findings (87.5 and 82.5%) and were severe in 29 @entity0 (72.5%). Multiple valve involvements were present in 31 cases (77.5%). Pulmonary arterial @entity1 was identified in 20 cases (50%). Histopathological examination demonstrated abundant extra cellular matrix encasing the leaflets without modification of valve architecture. Fifteen @entity0 (37.5%) underwent valvular surgery. CONCLUSION: Benfluorex-related valvulopathy shares numerous characteristics with other drug-induced @entity3 . Clinical consequences may be serious with severe @entity4 that may lead to surgical treatment.

title: XXXX associated with benfluorex therapy: results from the French multicentre registry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: From 1987 to 1993, 21 @entity0 who had undergone complicated @entity2 extraction that was associated with @entity3 and transscleral suture fixation of the posterior-chamber lens (PC-IOL) in one eye (group A) and uncomplicated in-the-bag implantation of the PC-IOL in the fellow eye (group B) were followed prospectively. The follow-up period was 29.5 months (SD, +/- 17.0 months) in group A and 36.6 months (+/- 24.0 months) in group B. Visual acuity did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.60, Wilcoxon test). In all, 17/21 @entity0 in group A and 16/21 @entity0 in group B achieved a visual acuity of > or = 20/40. @entity1 measured in group A were +0.68 D more hyperopic than those measured in group B (P < 0.04). This result was consistent with the postoperative finding of a significantly deeper anterior chamber in group A (mean, 0.44 mm; P < 0.03). The accuracy of the desired postoperative refraction was poorer in group A. The risk for @entity5 , @entity4 , and intraocular pressure elevation was increased in @entity0 who had had capsular defects and @entity3 during @entity2 extraction. Nevertheless, transscleral suture fixation of PC-IOLs in @entity0 with complicated @entity2 extractions associated with @entity3 can give acceptable visual results. We recommend that +0.5 D be added to the calculated IOL power when severe complications require transscleral suture fixation of the PC-IOL during @entity2 extraction.

title: Transscleral suture fixation of posterior-chamber lenses after @entity2 extraction associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: From 1987 to 1993, 21 @entity0 who had undergone complicated @entity2 extraction that was associated with @entity3 and transscleral suture fixation of the posterior-chamber lens (PC-IOL) in one eye (group A) and uncomplicated in-the-bag implantation of the PC-IOL in the fellow eye (group B) were followed prospectively. The follow-up period was 29.5 months (SD, +/- 17.0 months) in group A and 36.6 months (+/- 24.0 months) in group B. Visual acuity did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.60, Wilcoxon test). In all, 17/21 @entity0 in group A and 16/21 @entity0 in group B achieved a visual acuity of > or = 20/40. @entity1 measured in group A were +0.68 D more hyperopic than those measured in group B (P < 0.04). This result was consistent with the postoperative finding of a significantly deeper anterior chamber in group A (mean, 0.44 mm; P < 0.03). The accuracy of the desired postoperative refraction was poorer in group A. The risk for @entity5 , @entity4 , and intraocular pressure elevation was increased in @entity0 who had had capsular defects and @entity3 during @entity2 extraction. Nevertheless, transscleral suture fixation of PC-IOLs in @entity0 with complicated @entity2 extractions associated with @entity3 can give acceptable visual results. We recommend that +0.5 D be added to the calculated IOL power when severe complications require transscleral suture fixation of the PC-IOL during @entity2 extraction.

title: Transscleral suture fixation of posterior-chamber lenses after XXXX extraction associated with @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Over a 6-month period 124 @entity0 submitted to aortic or infra-inguinal arterial reconstruction were alternately allocated to receive @entity9 plus @entity5 (CX/GM) for 48 hours or @entity7 ( @entity8 ) for 24 hours perioperatively. Evaluations during during the first month were performed by a blinded independent observer and @entity0 were followed for between 6 and 20 months. 63 @entity0 received CX/GM and 61 @entity8 ; the groups were matched for @entity4 risk factors. @entity4 rates were: groin and abdominal wounds, CX/GM 5.4% (7 of 129), @entity8 6.2% (8 of 127); graft, CX/GM 1.5% (1 of 63), @entity8 3.3% (2 of 61). The differences were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). Virtually all wound @entity3 were superficial (class I) and no late @entity3 have emerged. 56 @entity0 had @entity1 and 68 had no lesion. There was no significant difference in wound or graft @entity4 rates between the 2 groups. Positive cultures of groin lymph nodes and/or aortic clot or @entity6 did not predispose @entity0 to @entity2 . The organisms cultured from the extremity lesions were not found in infected wounds of abdominal surgery @entity0 . However, species type and antibiotic susceptibility patterns suggest that the same pathogens were present in wound @entity3 as were isolated from the extremity lesions of @entity0 who underwent infra-inguinal surgery. Thus direct, rather than lymphatic, contamination may be the major aetiological factor. Most infecting organisms were susceptible to the antibiotic used.

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in aortic and peripheral arterial surgery in the presence of XXXX . Results of a prospective evaluation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between exposure to pot emissions ( @entity6 , @entity10 ) and mortality from @entity4 , @entity9 volatiles and mortality from diseases related to @entity3 , and @entity5 and mortality from @entity2 . METHODS: Mortality between 1962 to 1991 was investigated in a cohort of 1085 @entity0 hired by a Norwegian @entity8 smelter between 1922 and 1975. Associations between cumulative exposure and mortality were investigated through @entity7 analysis based on national mortality rates; temporal relations were explored by considering exposures only within specific time windows. Circulatory mortality was also investigated by Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 501 deaths v 471.3 expected in the cohort. The excess was confined to short term workers and did not seem to be associated with exposures in the smelter. Analysis of mortality among the 661 @entity0 with at least three years employment showed associations between cumulative exposure to tar 40 years before observation and @entity3 mortality (P = 0.03), and between exposure to pot emissions 20-39 years before observation and mortality from @entity4 (P = 0.06). No association was found between exposure to @entity5 and mortality from @entity2 , but cerebrovascular mortality was associated with exposure to pot emissions (P = 0.02). Results for @entity3 and @entity1 were confirmed through Poisson regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The data support previous findings of increased mortality from @entity2 in workers exposed to tar, and some support is also provided for earlier reports of increased respiratory mortality in potroom workers.

title: Mortality and cancer morbidity in workers from an XXXX smelter with prebaked carbon anodes--Part III: Mortality from circulatory and respiratory diseases.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Epidemiologic studies have found that dietary patterns characterized by high intakes of certain minerals and fiber are associated with low blood pressure. Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity1 (DASH) is a multicenter, randomized, controlled-feeding trial designed to test the effects on blood pressure of two such dietary patterns consumed for 8 weeks. The two experimental diets will be compared with each other and with a control dietary pattern that is relatively low in @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 , and fiber, and has a fat and protein profile mirroring current consumption. The first experimental diet, arguably termed "ideal," is high in fruits, vegetables, whole cereal products, low-fat dairy products, fish, @entity5 , and lean meats designed to be low in saturated fat and @entity2 ; moderately high in protein; and high in minerals and fiber. The second experimental diet tests the effect of fruits and vegetables alone. Its @entity4 , @entity6 , and dietary fiber content will be at the same high levels as the ideal dietary pattern, while its fat, protein, and @entity3 content will resemble that of the control dietary pattern. The study population will consist of 456 healthy @entity0 and @entity0 , aged 22 years or older, with systolic blood pressure less than 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure 80 to 95 mm Hg. African-American and other minority groups will comprise 67% of the population. @entity0 will eat one of the three dietary patterns. The DASH trial has unique features. First, dietary patterns rather than single nutrients are being tested. Second, all food for the experimental diets is provided to the @entity0 using a standardized multicenter protocol. Because the dietary patterns are constructed with commonly consumed food items, the results, if positive, may be conveniently implemented in dietary recommendations to the general public.

title: Rationale and design of the Dietary Approaches to Stop XXXX trial (DASH). A multicenter controlled-feeding study of dietary patterns to lower blood pressure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The latent form of transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity4 ) is a component of the extracellular matrix of bone. The active form, when locally injected in vivo, stimulates both @entity0 and ectopic bone formation. The present study was undertaken to determine if @entity4 also stimulated mineralization by isolated @entity1 calvarial osteoblasts cultured in collagen gels. Gels were used because they should mimic in vivo conditions better than classical monolayer culture. Compared to cells in monolayers, osteoblasts cultured in collagen gels exhibited slower growth, but higher alkaline phosphatase activity and mineral deposition. Cultured cells also synthesized the osteoblast-specific marker, @entity5 . The increase in @entity5 in cell layers was parallel to the increase in mineral deposition. In the presence of @entity4 , neither cell growth nor alkaline phosphatase activity increased. Instead, a small decrease occurred in both parameters when compared to untreated cultures. Accumulation of collagen, the major component of the extracellular matrix where mineralization occurs, was similar in untreated and @entity4 -treated cultures. However, 8 pM @entity4 dramatically suppressed mineral deposition in both types of cultures. Despite @entity4 stimulating a fourfold increase in @entity3 , the consequent increase in culture medium acidity did not account for the inhibitory effects of @entity4 on mineralization. These results demonstrate that collagen gel culture is an improved technique over conventional monolayer culture for demonstrating @entity2 and sensitivity to @entity4 . @entity4 , at a concentration that has little effect on cell growth, alkaline phosphatase activity, or collagen accumulation, is a potent inhibitor of mineralization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transforming growth factor-beta inhibition of mineralization by neonatal XXXX osteoblasts in monolayer and collagen gel culture.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary mediastinal @entity6 [ @entity6 ] predominates in young adult with diffuse large B-cell histologic characteristics, and favorable prognosis. Six @entity0 with this disease were diagnosed and treated at the Tri-Service General hospital during the period of 1986 to 1991. METHODS: Pathology data were reviewed. All cases were classified according to the International Working Formulation. All specimens were studied immunohistologic for immunoglobulin kappa and lambda light chains, @entity8 ( @entity8 ), B cell marker (L26) and T cell marker ( @entity9 _ @entity10 ). All @entity0 were treated with @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity1 ( @entity7 ) and adjuvant radiotherapy. RESULTS: Most of the @entity0 were young adults with bulky disease in the anterior mediastinum. All presented with symptoms attributed to a rapidly growing mass. Four @entity0 had superior vena cava syndromes. The histologic types were @entity5 , including immunoblastic cell in two, and diffuse large cleaved cells in four @entity0 . Three were in stage II and the others were in stage IV. Complete response was achieved in four @entity0 and partial response in two, with an overall response rate of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that primary @entity6 commonly occurs in young adults and had an associated aggressive clinical course. In view of these results, observation have also suggested that intensive chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation are needed for @entity0 who relapse or fail to get complete remission.

title: Primary XXXX of the mediastinum: a clinicopathological report of six cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. U937 cells are a continuous line of @entity0 cells of committed monocytic origin which serve as a useful model for studying @entity0 monocytic function. The present study investigated the effect of platelet-activating factor (Paf) on intracellular free @entity2 ion concentration ([ @entity1 ]i) in U937 cells using the @entity2 fluorescent probe @entity3 . 2. The naturally-occurring stereoisomer (R)- @entity6 (0.01-300 nM) and the stable, less hydrolysable racemic Paf analogue PR1501 (10 nM-3 microM) produced dose-related and rapid elevations of 100-1200 nM [ @entity1 ]i above a basal value of 135 +/- 9 nM (n = 22). 3. The unnatural stereoisomer (S)-Paf and the natural stereoisomer lyso-(R)-Paf had no effect on basal [ @entity1 ]i at 30 microM, approximately 100,000 times the concentration found to be the threshold concentration to elicit a response to (R)-Paf. 4. @entity9 (LTB4) also induced increases in [ @entity1 ]i in the concentration range 28.5 nM-2.85 microM but the responses were smaller and of shorter duration than those induced by Paf. 5. Five compounds, @entity8 , Ro 19-3704, L-652,731, @entity5 , and @entity7 , inhibited suboptimal Paf (10 nM)-induced increase in [ @entity1 ]i with IC50s of 48 +/- 2, 118 +/- 33, 318 +/- 131, 340 +/- 205 and 2320 +/- 183 nM respectively. All five compounds have previously been reported as specific Paf receptor antagonists, at least with respect to platelets. 6. The above compounds at 10 microM had no effect upon the increased [ @entity1 ]i induced by either LTB4 or the @entity2 ionophore, @entity4 . 7. These results suggest that U937 cells respond to Paf at least with respect to elevated [ @entity1 ]i as measured by @entity3 and that these cells may well possess a Paf receptor as suggested by the action of specific antagonists and the stereoselectivity observed with Paf.

title: Antagonism of the platelet activating factor-induced rise of the intracellular XXXX ion concentration of U937 cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Morphological changes characterizing delayed @entity0 (DND) of selectively vulnerable @entity1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil brain occurred 72 h after transient (5 min) bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. 2. Different groups of animals were treated 15 min before carotid artery occlusion and twice daily during the 72 h post-ischaemia period with either saline alone, @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 or @entity3 at doses of 500 micrograms kg-1 intraperitoneally. 3. At 72 h the animals were killed and their brains examined histologically. Absolute cell counts were made from 5 sites distributed linearly throughout the hippocampal @entity1 subfield in each hemisphere to determine the percentage DND in each group. Normal brains and those of sham-operated animals were included in the study for comparison. 4. Features of DND were distributed evenly throughout the @entity1 subfield in both hemispheres in all groups of gerbils. @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 , but not @entity3 , were protective. This protection extended linearly throughout the hippocampus without altering the pattern of @entity0 . 5. Compared to saline-treated (78.3 +/- 2.9% DND) and @entity3 -treated (76.5 +/- 3.4% DND) gerbils, the overall protection afforded by @entity2 (41.8 +/- 3.8% DND) was statistically significant. The effects of @entity5 (53.6 +/- 7.1%) and @entity4 (55.8 +/- 3.9% DND) were of borderline significance. 6. Abnormal neurones appeared in normal and sham-operated brains to the extent of 4.5 +/- 1.0% and 4.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively. Such changes can be attributed to fixation artefacts. 7. The results demonstrate that overall protection is conferred on ischaemic hippocampal @entity1 neurones by @entity2 and to a lesser extent by @entity4 and @entity5 , but not by @entity3 .

title: Comparative protective effects of @entity2 , @entity4 , XXXX and @entity3 against ischaemic injury in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil.

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. Morphological changes characterizing delayed @entity0 (DND) of selectively vulnerable @entity1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil brain occurred 72 h after transient (5 min) bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. 2. Different groups of animals were treated 15 min before carotid artery occlusion and twice daily during the 72 h post-ischaemia period with either saline alone, @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 or @entity3 at doses of 500 micrograms kg-1 intraperitoneally. 3. At 72 h the animals were killed and their brains examined histologically. Absolute cell counts were made from 5 sites distributed linearly throughout the hippocampal @entity1 subfield in each hemisphere to determine the percentage DND in each group. Normal brains and those of sham-operated animals were included in the study for comparison. 4. Features of DND were distributed evenly throughout the @entity1 subfield in both hemispheres in all groups of gerbils. @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 , but not @entity3 , were protective. This protection extended linearly throughout the hippocampus without altering the pattern of @entity0 . 5. Compared to saline-treated (78.3 +/- 2.9% DND) and @entity3 -treated (76.5 +/- 3.4% DND) gerbils, the overall protection afforded by @entity2 (41.8 +/- 3.8% DND) was statistically significant. The effects of @entity5 (53.6 +/- 7.1%) and @entity4 (55.8 +/- 3.9% DND) were of borderline significance. 6. Abnormal neurones appeared in normal and sham-operated brains to the extent of 4.5 +/- 1.0% and 4.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively. Such changes can be attributed to fixation artefacts. 7. The results demonstrate that overall protection is conferred on ischaemic hippocampal @entity1 neurones by @entity2 and to a lesser extent by @entity4 and @entity5 , but not by @entity3 .

title: Comparative protective effects of @entity2 , XXXX , @entity5 and @entity3 against ischaemic injury in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Morphological changes characterizing delayed @entity0 (DND) of selectively vulnerable @entity1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil brain occurred 72 h after transient (5 min) bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. 2. Different groups of animals were treated 15 min before carotid artery occlusion and twice daily during the 72 h post-ischaemia period with either saline alone, @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 or @entity3 at doses of 500 micrograms kg-1 intraperitoneally. 3. At 72 h the animals were killed and their brains examined histologically. Absolute cell counts were made from 5 sites distributed linearly throughout the hippocampal @entity1 subfield in each hemisphere to determine the percentage DND in each group. Normal brains and those of sham-operated animals were included in the study for comparison. 4. Features of DND were distributed evenly throughout the @entity1 subfield in both hemispheres in all groups of gerbils. @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 , but not @entity3 , were protective. This protection extended linearly throughout the hippocampus without altering the pattern of @entity0 . 5. Compared to saline-treated (78.3 +/- 2.9% DND) and @entity3 -treated (76.5 +/- 3.4% DND) gerbils, the overall protection afforded by @entity2 (41.8 +/- 3.8% DND) was statistically significant. The effects of @entity5 (53.6 +/- 7.1%) and @entity4 (55.8 +/- 3.9% DND) were of borderline significance. 6. Abnormal neurones appeared in normal and sham-operated brains to the extent of 4.5 +/- 1.0% and 4.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively. Such changes can be attributed to fixation artefacts. 7. The results demonstrate that overall protection is conferred on ischaemic hippocampal @entity1 neurones by @entity2 and to a lesser extent by @entity4 and @entity5 , but not by @entity3 .

title: Comparative protective effects of XXXX , @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity3 against ischaemic injury in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Morphological changes characterizing delayed @entity0 (DND) of selectively vulnerable @entity1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil brain occurred 72 h after transient (5 min) bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. 2. Different groups of animals were treated 15 min before carotid artery occlusion and twice daily during the 72 h post-ischaemia period with either saline alone, @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 or @entity3 at doses of 500 micrograms kg-1 intraperitoneally. 3. At 72 h the animals were killed and their brains examined histologically. Absolute cell counts were made from 5 sites distributed linearly throughout the hippocampal @entity1 subfield in each hemisphere to determine the percentage DND in each group. Normal brains and those of sham-operated animals were included in the study for comparison. 4. Features of DND were distributed evenly throughout the @entity1 subfield in both hemispheres in all groups of gerbils. @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 , but not @entity3 , were protective. This protection extended linearly throughout the hippocampus without altering the pattern of @entity0 . 5. Compared to saline-treated (78.3 +/- 2.9% DND) and @entity3 -treated (76.5 +/- 3.4% DND) gerbils, the overall protection afforded by @entity2 (41.8 +/- 3.8% DND) was statistically significant. The effects of @entity5 (53.6 +/- 7.1%) and @entity4 (55.8 +/- 3.9% DND) were of borderline significance. 6. Abnormal neurones appeared in normal and sham-operated brains to the extent of 4.5 +/- 1.0% and 4.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively. Such changes can be attributed to fixation artefacts. 7. The results demonstrate that overall protection is conferred on ischaemic hippocampal @entity1 neurones by @entity2 and to a lesser extent by @entity4 and @entity5 , but not by @entity3 .

title: Comparative protective effects of @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 and XXXX against ischaemic injury in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The validity of a @entity0 -based scale, presumably measuring adverse effects of drugs on cognitive function, was examined in a normal volunteer study. Thirty subjects were randomly assigned to placebo or one of two doses of a @entity2 , @entity3 (10 mg and 20 mg), in a double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group design. Plasma samples were taken before the scale was completed and up to 8 hours post-dose. After administration of the medication the subjects were asked to maintain their normal daily routine as much as possible (reading, studying, conversations). The inventory was administered twice, at 50 minutes and 2 hours post-dose (peak level). The overall score was different between the three groups, only for the second assessment, 2 h post-dose (ANOVA, P < 0.02). Multiple t-testing between the three groups revealed statistically significant differences between placebo and the 10 mg @entity3 group (P = 0.02) and between placebo and the 20 mg @entity3 group (P = 0.006). No significant difference was found between the two @entity3 groups. Analysis of the separate questions showed least sensitivity for questions related to the domain of 'hyperexcitability' and most sensitivity for 'fatigue' and 'slowing.' The overall score appeared to be sensitive already for the lower @entity1 range suggesting an 'all or nothing effect'. The subjective reports, collected by using this scale, may therefore be used for the detection of gross overall changes in cognitive functioning.

title: The Neurotoxicity Scale: the validity of a XXXX -based scale, assessing neurotoxicity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examines the effect of variations in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) volume on physician work efficiency (new @entity0 per hour) and work profile ( @entity0 -related activities, including both direct and indirect @entity0 care) and whether these differ between first- (Postgraduate Year [ @entity2 ) and third- ( @entity3 ) year residents. The authors also determine if changes in volume are associated with changes in teaching interactions between attending and resident physicians. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of resident and attending physicians in the @entity1 . Research assistants (RAs) followed @entity1 residents during clinical shifts and recorded a multitude of data including the amount of time spent in specific activities, the number of new @entity0 seen, and the frequency of attending physician teaching interactions. RESULTS: Third-year residents see more new @entity0 per hour (1.79 vs. 1.16, p < 0.001) than do their first-year counterparts. In addition, third-year residents spend almost 50% less time with each @entity0 (10.7 minutes vs. 19.4 minutes, p < 0.001), and first-year residents spend three times as much time per shift discussing @entity0 with attending physicians (59.4 minutes vs. 27.3 minutes, p = 0.002). More of the @entity2 /attending interactions resulted in educational exchanges (54.9% vs. 34.6%, p = 0.003). @entity2 residents also spend more time on dictations per @entity0 (9.6 minutes vs. 5.4 minutes, p = 0.01) and more time on paperwork per @entity0 (18.5 minutes vs. 6.5 minutes, p = 0.007). As @entity1 volume tripled, @entity2 residents were able to increase their @entity0 load to a greater extent than were @entity3 residents by decreasing the length of each @entity0 encounter as volume increased. Overall, @entity1 volume had no effect on the number of teaching interactions, although the length of exchange decreased as volume increased. CONCLUSIONS: Third-year residents see and carry more @entity0 than do their first-year counterparts. They do so primarily by decreasing the amount of time spent with @entity0 and attendings and working more efficiently overall. However, they are not as capable of altering their work profiles in the face of increased volume as their first-year counterparts. While the length of teaching interactions is decreased as volume increases, the number of those interactions resulting in teaching remains constant regardless of volume.

title: An evaluation of resident work profiles, attending-resident teaching interactions, and the effect of variations in XXXX volume on each.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The traditional model of community pharmacy has changed, with @entity0 , caregivers and consumers having access to many cognitive services other than the traditional dispensing and supply of medicines. In December 2009, a population-based @entity2 screening program started in Barcelona, introducing the community pharmacist and the professional expertise of the pharmacist into the organisational model. AIM: To evaluate the program implementation process in the pharmacies, identify barriers and facilitators, and know the opinion of the professionals involved in the @entity2 screening program in Catalonia (Spain). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of the pharmacies that participated in the first round of the program during the first and second trimester of 2010 in Barcelona. A validated questionnaire was used to analyse several functional aspects in the implementation process. Qualitative aspects about the opinion of the pharmacist were studied. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: All the pharmacies involved in the program (n   =   74) participated in the study. The majority of the sample population was composed of @entity0 (70.3%), mean age 44.9 years, and most of them (74%) had attended a specific training session. Pharmacists considered their participation in the program to be an added value to their professional role and a way to increase consumer's confidence on this kind of services. The average time to provide the service was estimated to be less than 10 minutes per consumer. Only three (4.1%) pharmacists considered that the program involved a lot of extra work in the daily activities of the pharmacy. The level of satisfaction of the pharmacists was very high. CONCLUSIONS: Community pharmacies can be a successful alternative and great resource to implement a population @entity1 screening program. This functional model can improve the accessibility and participation rates on target population. The level of motivation of the community pharmacist, the specific training program and the perception to give a better care for their @entity0 can be an enabler.

title: Evaluating the appropriateness of a community pharmacy model for a XXXX screening program in Catalonia (Spain).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hippocampal sulcal cavities (HSC) have been speculated to contribute to a higher vulnerability of memory pathways and might be a possible etiological factor in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Therefore, we evaluated the influence of HSC on cognitive long-term outcome in @entity1 - @entity0 . METHODS: Fourteen otherwise healthy @entity0 with the clinical syndrome of @entity1 in their history underwent a high-resolution magnetic resolution imaging and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. The neuropsychological control group consisted of 15 healthy subjects and was balanced for age, sex and other risk factors as well as intellectual and social status. RESULTS: Magnetic resolution imaging and neuropsychological testing have been performed 1128 days (median) after the @entity1 . HSC have been detected in nine of the 14 @entity0 and have been bilateral in eight of them. There were no differences in cognitive performance in @entity0 with and without HSC as well as compared to healthy subjects. Even in @entity0 with greater lesion load, only a slight visuospatial deficit was found. CONCLUSIONS: Although an increased incidence of HSCs is detected in @entity1 @entity0 , cavities are not obligatorily in @entity1 . Moreover, even @entity0 with hippocampal cavities achieve a full neuropsychological recovery independent of the frequency and size of the hippocampal lesions.

title: Hippocampal cavities are not associated with cognitive impairment in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Some @entity0 within the spectrum of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) have distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) @entity1 , usually associated with anti-myelin-associated-glycoprotein (MAG) IgM @entity6 . The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate @entity0 with @entity2 without anti-MAG antibodies, and study their response to immunotherapy. METHODS: @entity0 were selected on the basis of (i) 'Definite @entity9 ' according to the EFNS/PNS Guideline criteria, (ii) The presence of disproportionately prolonged motor latencies resulting in a @entity4 ( @entity4 )  <= 0.25 in at least two motor nerves and (iii) The absence of anti-MAG antibodies on ELISA. Response to immunotherapy was defined as persistent improvement by at least one point on the INCAT disability score. RESULTS: Data from 146 @entity9 @entity0 were analysed, and 10 @entity0 were included. Six had clinically pure @entity1 , and four had @entity1 . Ataxia was present in nine @entity0 , generalized areflexia in seven and postural @entity3 in two. Five of the 10 @entity0 had abnormal sensory potentials only in the upper limbs. An associated condition was found in nine @entity0 : two chronic @entity7 , four IgG @entity6 (one associated with @entity8 ) and two IgM @entity6 of unknown significance. @entity0 were mostly improved with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), corticosteroids, plasma exchanges, or a combination thereof. CONCLUSION: @entity2 without anti-MAG antibodies is more likely to be considered a variant of @entity9 . In addition, such @entity0 should be systematically investigated for an associated @entity5 .

title: XXXX as a variant of @entity9 : clinical, electrophysiological, laboratory features and response to treatment in 10 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Some @entity0 within the spectrum of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) have distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) @entity1 , usually associated with anti-myelin-associated-glycoprotein (MAG) IgM @entity6 . The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate @entity0 with @entity2 without anti-MAG antibodies, and study their response to immunotherapy. METHODS: @entity0 were selected on the basis of (i) 'Definite @entity9 ' according to the EFNS/PNS Guideline criteria, (ii) The presence of disproportionately prolonged motor latencies resulting in a @entity4 ( @entity4 )  <= 0.25 in at least two motor nerves and (iii) The absence of anti-MAG antibodies on ELISA. Response to immunotherapy was defined as persistent improvement by at least one point on the INCAT disability score. RESULTS: Data from 146 @entity9 @entity0 were analysed, and 10 @entity0 were included. Six had clinically pure @entity1 , and four had @entity1 . Ataxia was present in nine @entity0 , generalized areflexia in seven and postural @entity3 in two. Five of the 10 @entity0 had abnormal sensory potentials only in the upper limbs. An associated condition was found in nine @entity0 : two chronic @entity7 , four IgG @entity6 (one associated with @entity8 ) and two IgM @entity6 of unknown significance. @entity0 were mostly improved with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), corticosteroids, plasma exchanges, or a combination thereof. CONCLUSION: @entity2 without anti-MAG antibodies is more likely to be considered a variant of @entity9 . In addition, such @entity0 should be systematically investigated for an associated @entity5 .

title: @entity2 as a variant of XXXX : clinical, electrophysiological, laboratory features and response to treatment in 10 cases.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a young @entity0 is an important health problem that significantly impacts the @entity0 's quality of life and can have a detrimental effect on his well-being and relationship with his partner. @entity4 or @entity4 is one of the few disorders that will bring a young @entity0 into the doctor's office. This review article focuses on the epidemiology, etiology, presentation, work-up, and treatment of young @entity0 (age ~20-40  years old) presenting with complaints of @entity4 . It is important to identify the precise etiology of the @entity4 before proceeding with further evaluation and treatment because the work-up can be invasive and costly. @entity4 is estimated to affect 20  % of @entity0 above 40  years of age, with the incidence increasing with increasing age. @entity4 has traditionally been seen as an age-dependent problem; however, approximately 2  % of @entity0 are affected at 40  years of age but this may be a gross underestimation secondary to reporting bias. Because @entity4 is traditionally seen in the aging male population, studies regarding @entity4 tend to be more frequently carried out among middle-aged and elderly @entity0 rather than in young @entity0 . These studies underline how comorbidities such as @entity1 , @entity3 , and medication use are strongly linked with @entity4 . In addition, @entity4 has been described to be associated with @entity2 or physical inactivity. This review article summarizes the important information that all sexual medicine providers should be familiar with when diagnosing, counseling, and treating young @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: The Challenge of Erectile Dysfunction Management in the Young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: This study evaluated the prevalence of developmental sequelae to permanent teeth (DSP) after traumatic @entity4 to primary teeth (TDI-1) and their association with age, gender, @entity2 , recurrence of injury and post-traumatic damage to primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental records of 2725 @entity0 treated from February 1993 to December 2008 in a private pediatric dental clinic were examined. A total of 308 records had 412 primary teeth that sustained @entity2 . Age at the time of injury ranged from 4 months to 7 years. A chi-squared test and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: One hundred forty-eight @entity0 (241 teeth) were followed up until the eruption of the permanent successor. The prevalence of DSP was 22.4%. Discoloration and @entity3 were the most frequent abnormalities (74.1%), followed by @entity1 (25.9%). Age at the time of TDI-1 was the only variable significantly associated with DSP. Sequelae were most prevalent among @entity0 who suffered an injury between 1 and 3 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who sustain traumatic @entity4 should be followed up regularly for an early diagnosis and treatment of possible DSP.

title: Effects of traumatic XXXX to primary teeth on permanent teeth--a clinical follow-up study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report 54 @entity0 with @entity1 in upper urinary tract admitted to our hospital between July, 1962 and December, 1985. The @entity0 consisted of 38 males and 16 females; side their ages ranged from 47 to 88 years with a mean of 63.4 years. The affected side was the right side in 21 cases, and the left side in 33 cases. Macro-or microhematuria was observed in 87% of the @entity0 . Pathologically, 53 of the @entity0 had @entity5 and 1 had @entity4 . Six @entity0 had a past history of @entity2 . Simultaneous @entity2 was identified in 10 cases. Vesical recurrence was observed in 5 cases. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was employed as the surgical method in 21 cases, and total nephrectomy without bladder cuff resection in 11 @entity0 . The actual five-year survival rate was 53% for all the @entity0 ; 52% for @entity0 with @entity3 , 75% for those with @entity1 and 15% for those with @entity3 . The @entity0 who received nephroureterectomy had a postoperative survival rate similar to that of those who received nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection. A simultaneous @entity2 lowered the survival rate.

title: [A clinical study of XXXX and ureter].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Single portal @entity2 release was carried out in 107 hands of 88 @entity0 . There were 11 complications. These included incomplete release (2), post operative scarring around the median and ulnar nerves (2), laceration of the superficial palmar arterial arch (1), @entity3 (2), @entity4 (1), and wound @entity1 (3). In two cases there was no relief of symptoms. In one there was incorrect diagnosis and in another, incorrect indication for @entity2 release. The follow-up was from 3 to 18 months with an average of 6.8 months. The overall results of the @entity0 in this series are being presented in another paper. Of the 107 procedures, 73 were rated as having an excellent, 25 good, three fair, and six poor results. The case of laceration of the superficial palmar arterial arch is discussed in detail in the paper. The two cases of @entity3 and the one case of @entity4 had mild clinical features and resolved within 3 months. The @entity1 in three of the wounds at the wrist resolved within 2 days of removal of the percutaneous sutures. These three @entity0 had returned to heavy hand activities within a few days of surgery.

title: Risk and complications in XXXX release.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although two main hypotheses of mitochondrial origin have been proposed, i.e., the autogenous and the endosymbiotic, only the second is being seriously considered currently. The ' @entity8 hypothesis' invokes metabolic symbiosis as the driving force for a symbiotic association between an anaerobic, strictly @entity8 -dependent (the host) and an eubacterium (the symbiont) that was able to respire, but which generated molecular @entity8 as an end product of anaerobic metabolism. The resulting proto-eukaryotic cell would have acquired the essentials of eukaryotic energy metabolism, evolving not only aerobic respiration, but also the physiological cost of the @entity0 consumption, i.e., generation of reactive @entity0 species (ROS) and the associated oxidative damage. This is not the only price to pay for respiring @entity0 : mitochondria possess @entity3 (NO  ) for regulatory purposes but, in some instances it may react with @entity2 anion radical to produce the toxic reactive @entity5 species (RNS), i.e. @entity10 anion, and the subsequent nitrosative damage. New mitochondria contain their own genome with a modified genetic code that is highly conserved among mammals. The transcription of certain mitochondrial genes may depend on the redox potential of the mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria are related to the life and @entity1 of cells. They are involved in energy production and conservation, having an uncoupling mechanism to produce heat instead of @entity4 , but they are also involved in programmed cell @entity1 . Increasing evidence suggest the participation of @entity9 involving alterations in both nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) DNA. @entity7 is a known powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and increasing experimental and clinical evidence shows its beneficial effects against oxidative/nitrosative stress status, including that involving @entity6 . This review summarizes the data and mechanisms of action of @entity7 in relation to mitochondrial pathologies.

title: XXXX -mitochondria Interplay in Health and Disease.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Although @entity2 is believed to be the primary secretagogue for LH, @entity1 has also been shown to stimulate LH release from the anterior pituitary. We investigated the possibility that the two secretagogues interact in the modulation of LH release. Anterior pituitaries were removed from adult female @entity0 at pro-oestrus, and tissue pieces were pre-incubated in @entity1 for 3 h prior to being stimulated with 15 min pulses of @entity2 . LH output over the 1 h period from the beginning of the @entity2 pulse was determined. Control incubations were carried out in the absence of @entity1 , and background secretory activities without @entity2 stimulation were also determined. Tissue which was pre-exposed to @entity1 (0.012-1.25 microM) had an increased LH response to @entity2 (1.25 nM). The increase was larger than the sum of the LH outputs obtained with @entity1 and @entity2 separately, revealing that @entity1 synergistically enhanced LH secretion elicited by @entity2 (P < 0.05; ANOVA). If stimulation by @entity2 was delayed for 2 h after incubation with @entity1 , an increase in LH secretion was still observed, indicating that @entity1 -induced modulation did not rapidly disappear. @entity1 pre-incubation was observed to result in an increase of maximal @entity2 -induced LH output (P < 0.001; t-test), as well as an increase of intermediate responses. The LH response of the anterior pituitary to subsequent pulses of @entity2 was modified by the self-priming process. The effect of @entity1 pretreatment on the response of primed tissue to @entity2 was also investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX modulates the luteinizing hormone response of the @entity0 anterior pituitary to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although @entity2 is believed to be the primary secretagogue for LH, @entity1 has also been shown to stimulate LH release from the anterior pituitary. We investigated the possibility that the two secretagogues interact in the modulation of LH release. Anterior pituitaries were removed from adult female @entity0 at pro-oestrus, and tissue pieces were pre-incubated in @entity1 for 3 h prior to being stimulated with 15 min pulses of @entity2 . LH output over the 1 h period from the beginning of the @entity2 pulse was determined. Control incubations were carried out in the absence of @entity1 , and background secretory activities without @entity2 stimulation were also determined. Tissue which was pre-exposed to @entity1 (0.012-1.25 microM) had an increased LH response to @entity2 (1.25 nM). The increase was larger than the sum of the LH outputs obtained with @entity1 and @entity2 separately, revealing that @entity1 synergistically enhanced LH secretion elicited by @entity2 (P < 0.05; ANOVA). If stimulation by @entity2 was delayed for 2 h after incubation with @entity1 , an increase in LH secretion was still observed, indicating that @entity1 -induced modulation did not rapidly disappear. @entity1 pre-incubation was observed to result in an increase of maximal @entity2 -induced LH output (P < 0.001; t-test), as well as an increase of intermediate responses. The LH response of the anterior pituitary to subsequent pulses of @entity2 was modified by the self-priming process. The effect of @entity1 pretreatment on the response of primed tissue to @entity2 was also investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1 modulates the luteinizing hormone response of the XXXX anterior pituitary to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the prevalence of @entity2 in a specific, geographical area and seek to explain variations with particular reference to ionising radiation. DESIGN: Cases were ascertained by one paediatrician as part of a prospective survey of major @entity1 in @entity0 born to residents of an area of Lancashire between 1957 and 1991. Temporal changes in prevalence rates were detected by a grid search technique using Poisson log linear models. These models were also used to determine the association between prevalence and ionising radiation from atomic fall out. SETTING: The Fylde district of Lancashire in the north west of England. @entity0 : There were 167 cases, including five @entity3 and eight terminations, among 124,015 total births in a population which increased from about 250,000 to over 300,000 during the study period. MAIN RESULTS: There was significant increase in the prevalence of all cases conceived in 1963 and 1964, and a lesser peak in 1958 which did not quite reach statistical significance. There was no evidence that the increased prevalence in 1963-64 was a result of changes in the maternal age distribution in the population. Babies of mothers aged 35 years and over accounted for more of the variation, especially in 1958 when their increase was significant. There was a highly significant association between prevalence and radiation from fallout produced by atmospheric testing of atomic weapons. The 1963-64 peak coincided with the maximum estimated radiation dose. The lesser peak in 1958 also coincided with increased exposure to radiation from fallout, possibly enhanced by ground deposits after a fire at the Windscale reactor in October 1957. CONCLUSION: This study provides further support for low dose ionising radiation as one aetiological factor in @entity2 .

title: XXXX : prevalence and ionising radiation in an area of north west England 1957-91.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 are key components of the biological membranes of all cells, and precursors of mediators for cell signalling. @entity2 (AA) is an @entity5 known to modulate the activities of various ion channels, including the voltage-gated proton (Hv) channel, which supports the rapid production of reactive @entity1 species (ROS) in phagocytes through regulation of pH and membrane potential. However, the molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of the effects of AA on Hv channels remain unclear. Here we report an electrophysiological analysis of the effects of AA on the @entity0 Hv channel ( @entity6 ) heterologously expressed in HEK293T cells. Application of AA to excised inside-out patch membranes rapidly induced a robust increase in the amplitude of the proton current through @entity6 . The current increase was accompanied by accelerated activation kinetics and a small leftward shift of the current-voltage relationship. In monomeric channels lacking the coiled-coil region of the channel protein, the shift in the current-voltage relationship was diminished but activation and deactivation remained accelerated. Studies with several AA derivatives showed that double bonds and hydrophilic head groups are essential for the effect of AA, but charge was not important. The application of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which generates AA from cell membrane phospholipids, stimulated @entity6 activity to a similar extent as direct application of approximately 20  M AA, suggesting endogenous AA may regulate Hv channel activity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effects of XXXX on the kinetics of voltage-gated proton channels heterologously expressed in cultured cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The clinical diagnosis of work-related @entity1 is essentially one of exclusion because symptoms and signs are often nonspecific. The clinical reasoning requires a three-step approach: (1) establish the characteristics of the presenting disease; (2) ascertain that observed clinical features are consistent with those caused by the suspected agent(s); and (3) assess occupational exposures. A detailed history is of paramount importance in evaluating @entity0 with suspected work-related @entity1 as it is in other clinical contexts, especially because in some circumstances it may represent the only criterion to establish causality. Thus, besides characterization of @entity1 , including their location, quality, timecourse, and possible other associated symptoms, the work environment of the @entity0 should be understood in full detail. In this respect, when a neurotoxin is suspected, then the history collection can be guided by the knowledge of the likely syndromes it produces. Similarly, physical examination should be directed to the target of @entity2 /entrapment based on information from the work history. Although specific sites and elements of the nervous system may be affected depending on the offending agent, most @entity3 are characterized by generalized rather than focal @entity1 . Laboratory toxicologic tests have limited application for the etiologic diagnosis of @entity3 , except in cases of acute @entity4 and in @entity0 exposed to @entity3 chemicals with prolonged half-life. In most cases examination takes place after the end of exposure, when the offending chemical is no longer detectable in body fluids. Electrophysiologic studies, in particular evoked potentials, electromyography, and conduction velocities, are important to confirm the organic basis of symptoms, particularly to detect subclinical or early neurologic involvement and to reduce the number of disorders to be considered in the differential diagnoses. In general, imaging studies with computed tomography and magnetic resonance are of limited utility in the evaluation of suspected @entity3 , except for helping to exclude other causes of the @entity0 's clinical state. Improved conditions and safer practices in the workplace have led to a gradual shift in application of neuropsychologic evaluation from the assessment of severe @entity3 to the evaluation of mild subclinical disturbances, and these tests are nowadays extensively used in screening workers exposed to neurotoxicants. Tools used in the screening of large groups of workers exposed to neurotoxicants may differ from those used in the clinic. Whereas some are obviously impractical, such as physical examination, others, such as, for instance, toxicologic tests, are used for biologic monitoring of exposure to ascertain compliance with occupational exposure limits.

title: Evaluating suspected work-related XXXX (clinical diagnosis).

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity15 is one of the most common @entity5 in the central nervous system causing different clinical features such as @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity10 , and @entity4 . @entity15 , however, may lead to a cerebral vascular accident such as @entity13 or @entity6 . In this report, we present two @entity0 with @entity15 accompanied by @entity13 . A total of 124 reported cases of @entity15 are reviewed to ascertain the pathogenesis of the associated @entity8 . The first @entity0 was a 9-year-old @entity0 , who developed drowsiness with a @entity1 during the medical treatment for @entity16 . CT disclosed subarachnoid and @entity9 . The autopsy revealed that the aspergillus @entity17 was the cause of repeated @entity9 . The second @entity0 was a 15-year-old @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 , who suddenly developed a stupor with @entity7 seizure. CT disclosed an @entity15 in the right parieto-occipital area. The @entity0 gradually deteriorated and died in spite of the surgical removal of the @entity14 . The autopsy revealed that the @entity9 was caused by the aspergillus @entity17 . @entity15 has two routes of @entity18 : hematogenous dissemination from the distant site (usually the lung) and direct extension from the contiguous site (usually the paranasal sinuses or orbit). The primary mechanism of neuropathology is different between these two types. Primary @entity15 is most often seen in @entity0 with the former type, whereas @entity10 occurs in the latter. The incidence of clinico-pathological features is different between hematogenous dissemination type and direct extension type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX as a cerebral vascular accident].

answer: @entity15


abstract: Whether the basal ganglia have a cognitive function or not is a worldwide dispute. We have examined 13 @entity2 @entity0 and 12 age-matched non- @entity2 controls using the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (MCST). All 12 controls could achieve all 6 sets of categories which were successively changed. On the other hand, in the @entity2 , 9 @entity0 could achieve all 6 sets, but 4 @entity0 could do only 4 to 0 sets. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. These 4 @entity0 who showed poor achievement on MCST had tendency showing higher percentage of perseverative errors. Taking the proportion of perseverative error (PE) to total error (TE) revealed that the @entity2 group had a peak ranged from 55% to 65% which meant higher occurrence of perseverative errors. When the 4 @entity2 whose proportion of PE/TE on MCST was over 55% were excluded, a comparison of the @entity2 with the controls showed no significant difference statistically in both groups. There were no clinical differences based upon Yahr's classification between the 4 @entity2 with poor MCST score and those with the normal score. Among these @entity2 whose proportion of PE/TE ranged from 55% to 65%, 3 cases showed @entity1 and 3 mild @entity4 on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults. Two @entity0 with @entity5 and showing a marked @entity3 of the caudate nucleus were also examined. They showed excellent results on MCST.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Cognitive function in @entity0 with parkinsonism--in relationship with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Whether the basal ganglia have a cognitive function or not is a worldwide dispute. We have examined 13 @entity2 @entity0 and 12 age-matched non- @entity2 controls using the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (MCST). All 12 controls could achieve all 6 sets of categories which were successively changed. On the other hand, in the @entity2 , 9 @entity0 could achieve all 6 sets, but 4 @entity0 could do only 4 to 0 sets. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. These 4 @entity0 who showed poor achievement on MCST had tendency showing higher percentage of perseverative errors. Taking the proportion of perseverative error (PE) to total error (TE) revealed that the @entity2 group had a peak ranged from 55% to 65% which meant higher occurrence of perseverative errors. When the 4 @entity2 whose proportion of PE/TE on MCST was over 55% were excluded, a comparison of the @entity2 with the controls showed no significant difference statistically in both groups. There were no clinical differences based upon Yahr's classification between the 4 @entity2 with poor MCST score and those with the normal score. Among these @entity2 whose proportion of PE/TE ranged from 55% to 65%, 3 cases showed @entity1 and 3 mild @entity4 on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults. Two @entity0 with @entity5 and showing a marked @entity3 of the caudate nucleus were also examined. They showed excellent results on MCST.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Cognitive function in XXXX with parkinsonism--in relationship with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The rate of relapse after emergency department treatment for acute @entity3 is high. Most studies on this subject were performed before the recent recommendations for routine use of @entity2 and followed the @entity0 for 10 or fewer days. We sought to evaluate relapse following @entity6 treatment for acute @entity3 over a longer period, focusing particularly on the relationship between @entity1 use and outpatient follow-up visits. DESIGN: A prospective study in which we followed @entity0 for 21 days after discharge to determine their relapse rate (unscheduled return for @entity3 treatment) and compliance with scheduled outpatient appointments. SETTING: University-affiliated county hospital @entity6 . @entity0 : One hundred four adult @entity4 @entity0 discharged from our @entity6 after treatment under a standardized protocol. RESULTS: Follow-up was performed for 91 @entity0 (88%). There was no difference in the posttreatment forced expiratory volume at 1 second between those who relapsed (55.2%) and those who did not (57.8%; NS). Twenty-three @entity0 (25.3%) relapsed within 3 weeks of discharge. Ninety-one percent of relapses occurred before the @entity0 saw their primary care physician. Those who relapsed had a history of previous @entity6 visits and hospitalizations. There was no difference in @entity5 levels or history of cigarette use. @entity0 who relapsed within 3 days had higher eosinophil counts. CONCLUSION: Even with routine use of oral @entity2 , a high percentage of @entity0 relapse after @entity6 treatment for acute @entity3 . @entity0 who relapse have a greater number of recent @entity6 visits and so should be targeted for more aggressive management of their @entity3 .

title: Factors associated with relapse after emergency department treatment for acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Elderly @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may be deemed inoperable due to the presence of comorbid conditions. Presentation of these @entity0 with acute @entity2 can then result in difficult ethical decisions regarding surgical treatment. Over six years, 80 @entity0 were treated emergently for @entity5 . Of these @entity0 , 26 (32.5%) had known @entity3 . This study was performed to determine outcome and factors affecting mortality in @entity0 with known AAAs. There were no significant differences between known and unknown @entity4 groups with regard to operative risk. In the overall group (n = 80), @entity0 delay in seeking treatment averaged 20.4 hours with a trend towards shorter times in those with known AAAs (13.8 hours) compared with the unknown group (23.6 hours; p = 0.09). Medical transport delay, however, was significantly shorter for @entity0 with known @entity4 (124 minutes versus 230 minutes; p = 0.04). Overall mortality was 56 per cent (n = 45). Those @entity0 with known AAAs had a higher mortality (69%; n = 18) than those with unknown AAAs (50%, n = 27) but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.10). In @entity0 with known AAAs, operative @entity1 was related to @entity0 delay, with an average delay in seeking medical advice of 21.3 hours in nonsurvivors compared with 8.6 hours in survivors (P = 0.04). No other risk or demographic factors correlated with mortality. Despite a known @entity4 , significant delay in seeking medical advice occurred, and this delay resulted in decreased survival. @entity0 education is imperative if nonoperative treatment is chosen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Rupture of known XXXX : an ethical dilemma.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although optimizing glycemic and non-glycemic targets reduced micro- and macro-vascular complications in @entity2 2 @entity1 , multiple barriers hinder turning evidence into practice. Mounting evidence suggests that those with onset of disease in early or mid-adult life, compared with those with onset at an older age, may have a more severe disease course and worse glycemic control. AIMS _ OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that those diagnosed at younger age would have worse glycemic control, even after adjustment for duration of @entity1 , higher BMI and other known risk factors for worse glycemic control. MATERIALS _ METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 560 @entity2 2 @entity1 subjects from North Indian populace in the year 1999-2012 who reported to endocrine clinic was performed. Sixty @entity0 did not report in the successive year and final data analyses were done in 500 @entity0 attending clinic regularly over a period of 10 years for evaluation of glycemic and non-glycemic targets. They were followed up at 3 monthly intervals with all @entity0 undergoing anthropometric measurement (BMI (weight in kg/height in m(2)), diet and lifestyle advice by a @entity1 educator and consultation by endocrinologist. Fasting and postprandial plasma @entity4 , A1c (3 monthly), besides evaluation of SMBG that was performed in 50% of these @entity0 regularly. Fasting lipids, S. @entity5 and microalbuminuria were assessed annually and blood pressure recoding was done at each visit. The treatment was modified as per the investigation reports. We classified age at @entity1 diagnosis as younger (<60 years) vs older (>= 60 years). The primary outcome of interest was HbA1c >= 9%. Secondary outcomes were HbA1c >= 8% to <9% and HbA1c >= 7% to <8%. RESULTS: After adjustment for sex, duration of @entity1 , @entity6 medications, BMI, co-morbid conditions, age <60 years at diagnosis remains significantly associated with greater odds of HbA1c >= 9% [OR 0.95(0.84-1.07)], HbA1c >= 8% to <9% [OR 1.04(0.93-1.15)] and HbA1c >= 7% to <8% [OR 1.05(0.85-1.17)] for female sex. Seventy two (72.7%) of @entity0 <60 years achieved BP <140/90mmHg (p<0.001) as compared to 62.3% of @entity0 >= 60 years who achieved BP <150/90mmHg (p<0.001) and LDL- @entity3 <100mg/dl in 33.7% @entity0 and 39.1% respectively (p<0.002). CONCLUSION: Younger age (<60 years) at @entity2 2 @entity1 diagnosis is significantly associated with worse subsequent glycemic control and lipid control, as younger @entity0 at diagnosis have fewer competing co-morbidities and complications. As @entity0 -centeredness is a priority in @entity2 2 @entity1 care, safe, aggressive and individualized treatment could benefit this higher-risk group.

title: Glycemic and non-glycemic targets in younger and older North Indian subjects with XXXX 2 @entity1 in a Tertiary care hospital: A 10 year's retrospective data analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although optimizing glycemic and non-glycemic targets reduced micro- and macro-vascular complications in @entity2 2 @entity1 , multiple barriers hinder turning evidence into practice. Mounting evidence suggests that those with onset of disease in early or mid-adult life, compared with those with onset at an older age, may have a more severe disease course and worse glycemic control. AIMS _ OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that those diagnosed at younger age would have worse glycemic control, even after adjustment for duration of @entity1 , higher BMI and other known risk factors for worse glycemic control. MATERIALS _ METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 560 @entity2 2 @entity1 subjects from North Indian populace in the year 1999-2012 who reported to endocrine clinic was performed. Sixty @entity0 did not report in the successive year and final data analyses were done in 500 @entity0 attending clinic regularly over a period of 10 years for evaluation of glycemic and non-glycemic targets. They were followed up at 3 monthly intervals with all @entity0 undergoing anthropometric measurement (BMI (weight in kg/height in m(2)), diet and lifestyle advice by a @entity1 educator and consultation by endocrinologist. Fasting and postprandial plasma @entity4 , A1c (3 monthly), besides evaluation of SMBG that was performed in 50% of these @entity0 regularly. Fasting lipids, S. @entity5 and microalbuminuria were assessed annually and blood pressure recoding was done at each visit. The treatment was modified as per the investigation reports. We classified age at @entity1 diagnosis as younger (<60 years) vs older (>= 60 years). The primary outcome of interest was HbA1c >= 9%. Secondary outcomes were HbA1c >= 8% to <9% and HbA1c >= 7% to <8%. RESULTS: After adjustment for sex, duration of @entity1 , @entity6 medications, BMI, co-morbid conditions, age <60 years at diagnosis remains significantly associated with greater odds of HbA1c >= 9% [OR 0.95(0.84-1.07)], HbA1c >= 8% to <9% [OR 1.04(0.93-1.15)] and HbA1c >= 7% to <8% [OR 1.05(0.85-1.17)] for female sex. Seventy two (72.7%) of @entity0 <60 years achieved BP <140/90mmHg (p<0.001) as compared to 62.3% of @entity0 >= 60 years who achieved BP <150/90mmHg (p<0.001) and LDL- @entity3 <100mg/dl in 33.7% @entity0 and 39.1% respectively (p<0.002). CONCLUSION: Younger age (<60 years) at @entity2 2 @entity1 diagnosis is significantly associated with worse subsequent glycemic control and lipid control, as younger @entity0 at diagnosis have fewer competing co-morbidities and complications. As @entity0 -centeredness is a priority in @entity2 2 @entity1 care, safe, aggressive and individualized treatment could benefit this higher-risk group.

title: Glycemic and non-glycemic targets in younger and older North Indian subjects with @entity2 2 XXXX in a Tertiary care hospital: A 10 year's retrospective data analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A total of 64 resections, 24 operative bypasses and 35 nonoperative biliary intubations, were performed for @entity3 in U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs hospitals from 1987 to 1991. Mean survival after resection was 702 days, significantly higher (ANOVA, P < or = 0.005) than that after bypass (345 days) or intubation (385 days). Operative mortality rates were similar: resection or intubation = 14%, bypass = 12%. Operative (30-day) mortality was zero in four local resections, 10% in 51 Whipples and 44% in nine total pancreatectomies. TNM staging was available for 74 @entity0 , and mean survival after resection exceeded 2 years in 34 @entity0 with Stage I-II (localized) @entity1 , was 532 days in 10 @entity0 with Stage III (regional nodes +) and 77 days in two @entity0 with Stage IV (metastatic) disease. However, mean survival without resection was 498 days in 14 @entity0 with @entity1 , 634 days in two @entity0 with regional and 215 days in 11 @entity0 with distant metastases. Resection clearly increased survival only for @entity1 (P < or = 0.02). Predicted 5-year survival rates by stage after resection were: I-II = 21%, III < 10%, IV = 0%. Complications were recorded in 29 per cent of resected @entity0 , with @entity4 the most common (21% of resections). Both @entity4 and @entity5 significantly decreased mean survival (P < or = 0.05, ANOVA), but @entity2 , @entity6 , or wound problems did not. @entity1 is a favorable subtype of @entity1 , but prolonged survival is also seen without resection and may be largely limited to @entity1 that do not involve regional nodes.

title: Recent experience with XXXX of the ampulla of Vater in a national hospital group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity9 ) as defined by Meyer-Schwickerath in 1957 is a rare entity (84 cases) which belongs to @entity6 . It consists of: the characteristic features (long face, pinched nose); syndactyly; ocular, dental and @entity1 . This entity is usually transmitted on the autosomal dominant mode. We report two cases (a mother and daughter) with polymalformations which we classed as @entity9 . Furthermore, agenesis of lacrimal duct and @entity3 were noted. The mother had a very particular complex hair shaft @entity4 (incomplete pili torti, " @entity7 tail" aspect, @entity2 ) with @entity5 since she was fifteen years old. The daughter's hair was normal at birth. In @entity9 , fine and sparse hair is often observed (44 p. 100). Only one @entity0 had hair shaft investigation under polarized light: pili annulati and monilethrix were described but not found in our cases. These two reports incite to the systematic hair shaft study in @entity9 as other @entity6 .

title: [Hair @entity4 in XXXX . Apropos of a mother-daughter case].

answer: @entity8