abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and dysregulation of B cell activation factor ( @entity4 ) and specific B cell phenotypes in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Four-color flow cytometry was used to examine the peripheral B cell populations in @entity0 with @entity1 . RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 87 @entity0 and @entity4 expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and normalized to @entity3 . The expression levels of 5 IFN-responsive genes ( @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 ) were determined by quantitative PCR and totaled to generate a global IFN score. The correlations were examined between peripheral B cell populations (including transitional, pregerminal, plasmablasts, and memory) and the expression of @entity4 and the global IFN score. RESULTS: Examination of the peripheral B cell populations in @entity1 demonstrated a relative expansion of the transitional B cell and plasmablast compartment and a reduction in the memory B cell population. Expressions of @entity4 and global IFN score were elevated in @entity0 with @entity1 compared to healthy controls. A strong positive correlation was noted between @entity4 expression and the relative proportion of late transitional (T2) B cells. The proportions of more mature B cell phenotypes did not correlate with @entity4 expression. The global IFN score was strongly associated with the level of @entity4 expression and moderately correlated with the proportion of late transitional B cells. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that elevated @entity4 expression supports expansion of the T2 B cell compartment and contributes to a breach in tolerance in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Increased expression of B cell activation factor supports the abnormal expansion of transitional B cells in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was designed to examine the fibrogenic potentials of four @entity9 that are being used as substitutes for @entity7 sand in abrasive blasting. Six groups of 100 male @entity0 , including four coal slag groups, a vehicle control, and a positive control for @entity1 (Minusil quartz), were used. Each dust treatment group was given a single 40-mg dose of test agent via intratracheal instillation. Interim sacrifices of 15 animals per group were performed at 2 d, 3 mo, and 6 mo posttreatment, with the terminal sacrifice conducted at 12 mo. @entity5 and @entity6 stained histologic sections were prepared from designated @entity3 -fixed tissues collected at each necropsy and examined microscopically. Pulmonary @entity8 analyses were performed for each group at the 2-d and 12-mo sacrifices. Pulmonary function analyses were conducted for each group at the 3-, 6-, and 12-mo sacrifices. Lung @entity4 analyses were conducted for 15 animals in each group at the terminal sacrifice. The pulmonary fibrogenic potentials of the four coal slag groups were compared histologically with the Minusil and vehicle controls. A mild to moderate @entity1 , which was progressive with time, was noted in each of the coal slag groups. However, the coal slag-induced lung @entity1 was much less than that produced by Minusil. Differences in @entity1 among the individual @entity9 were relatively minor and certainly not as striking as those between the slags and Minusil. Other data derived from this study, such as lung @entity4 content, pulmonary particulate burdens, pulmonary function, and animal body weights, provided further evidence of a reduced @entity2 for the @entity9 compared to Minusil.

title: Fibrogenic potentials of XXXX used as abrasive blasting substitutes.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Daikenchuto (DKT) has widely been used to improve abdominal symptoms by being expected to accelerate bowel motility. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of DKT for prevention of @entity5 and associated @entity2 after total gastrectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred and forty-five @entity3 @entity0 who underwent total gastrectomy were enrolled. @entity0 received either DKT (15.0 g/d) or matching placebo from postoperative days 1 to 12. Primary end points were time to first flatus, time to first bowel movement (BM), and frequency of BM. Secondary end points included quality of life, @entity4 level, symptoms indicative of a severe @entity2 , and incidence of @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 195 @entity0 (DKT, n  = 96; placebo, n  = 99) were included in the per-protocol set analysis. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of @entity0 background characteristics. Median time to first BM was shorter in the DKT group than in the placebo group (94.7 hours vs 113.9 hours; p  = 0.051). In @entity0 with high medication adherence, median time to first BM was significantly shorter in the DKT group than in the placebo group (93.8 hours vs 115.1 hours; p  = 0.014). Significantly fewer @entity0 in the DKT group had >= 2 symptoms of @entity2 than those in the placebo group on postoperative day 12 (p  = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of DKT during the immediate postoperative period after total gastrectomy appears to promote early recovery of postoperative bowel function.

title: Effect of Daikenchuto, a Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine, after Total Gastrectomy for XXXX : A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggest instillation of @entity3 (tPA) is safe and potentially efficacious in the treatment of @entity5 . To date, prospective comparative data are lacking in @entity0 . Therefore, we conducted a randomized trial comparing abscess irrigation with tPA and irrigation with saline alone. STUDY DESIGN: After IRB approval, @entity0 with an abscess secondary to @entity1 who had a percutaneous drain placed for treatment were randomized to twice-daily instillation of 13 mL 10% tPA or 13 mL normal saline. All @entity0 were treated with once-daily dosing of @entity4 and @entity2 throughout their course. The primary end point variable was duration of hospitalization after drain placement. Using a power of 0.8 and an a of 0.05, a sample size of 62 @entity0 was calculated. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity0 were enrolled between January 2009 and February 2013. There were no differences in demographics, abscess size, abscess number, admission WBC, or duration of symptoms. Duration of hospitalization after drainage was considerably longer with the use of tPA. There was no difference in total duration of hospitalization, days of drainage, or days of antibiotics. However, medication charges were higher with tPA. CONCLUSIONS: There are no advantages to routine tPA flushes in the treatment of @entity5 secondary to @entity1 in @entity0 .

title: Saline vs @entity3 Irrigations after Drain Placement for XXXX : A Prospective Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggest instillation of @entity3 (tPA) is safe and potentially efficacious in the treatment of @entity5 . To date, prospective comparative data are lacking in @entity0 . Therefore, we conducted a randomized trial comparing abscess irrigation with tPA and irrigation with saline alone. STUDY DESIGN: After IRB approval, @entity0 with an abscess secondary to @entity1 who had a percutaneous drain placed for treatment were randomized to twice-daily instillation of 13 mL 10% tPA or 13 mL normal saline. All @entity0 were treated with once-daily dosing of @entity4 and @entity2 throughout their course. The primary end point variable was duration of hospitalization after drain placement. Using a power of 0.8 and an a of 0.05, a sample size of 62 @entity0 was calculated. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity0 were enrolled between January 2009 and February 2013. There were no differences in demographics, abscess size, abscess number, admission WBC, or duration of symptoms. Duration of hospitalization after drainage was considerably longer with the use of tPA. There was no difference in total duration of hospitalization, days of drainage, or days of antibiotics. However, medication charges were higher with tPA. CONCLUSIONS: There are no advantages to routine tPA flushes in the treatment of @entity5 secondary to @entity1 in @entity0 .

title: Saline vs XXXX Irrigations after Drain Placement for @entity1 : A Prospective Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To determine whether the @entity0 and preservation of renal function that we demonstrated after 10 days of chronic partial @entity2 in the third trimester fetal lamb also occur after earlier longer obstruction, we modified our preparation and studied the effects of 35 days of obstruction begun during the second trimester. Partial @entity2 was created in 10 fetal @entity1 at 90 days of gestation (term equals 147 days). At repeat surgical intervention 28 days later vascular catheters and a left renal artery flow transducer were placed, and catheters were externalized. We then studied renal blood flow and function at gestational ages 120 days and 125 days after 30 days and 35 days of obstruction, respectively. Tissue was obtained for histology at the time of sacrifice. Eight control fetal @entity1 without obstruction were studied in a similar way. @entity3 was noted in all fetal @entity1 after @entity2 of the control animals had a normal appearance. Renal blood flow was higher in the obstructed fetal @entity1 than in controls (20.2 +/- 4.9 versus 10.2 +/- 0.9 ml. per minute per kg., p < 0.05 after 30 days and 17.1 +/- 2.7 versus 9.7 +/- 0.9 per minute per kg., p < 0.05 after 35 days). There was no evidence of decreased renal function by any parameter and, in fact, glomerular filtration rate and urine volume were increased after 30 days of obstruction (1.59 +/- 0.32 versus 0.69 +/- 0.07 ml. per minute per kg., p < 0.05 and 15.7 +/- 4.3 versus 5.2 +/- 0.8 ml. per hour per kg., p < 0.05, respectively). Histological studies demonstrated normal architecture of the kidneys but thinned cortex. We conclude that the physiological responses of the fetus are such that partial lower urinary tract obstruction in our preparation results in a prolonged @entity0 and preservation of renal function.

title: Renal preservation despite 35 days of partial XXXX in the fetal lamb.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a 7-year period 28 @entity0 1 to 20 years old have undergone bladder neck closure in conjunction with Mitrofanoff diversion for the management of severe @entity2 . Surgery was performed as a salvage procedure in 19 @entity0 and as a primary anti- @entity2 procedure in 9. At a mean followup of 29 months 27 of 28 @entity0 (96%) were totally continent, requiring no pads. Bladder neck closure was primarily successful in 24 of 28 @entity0 (86%) and 25 (89%) had stable upper tracts. Five @entity0 had @entity5 and 5 required stomal revisions. One @entity0 had a @entity3 associated with @entity1 . Bladder neck closure and Mitrofanoff diversion were done without bladder augmentation in 11 cases and augmentation was performed previously or concurrently in the remainder. Four @entity0 who did not initially undergo augmentation required later augmentation (2 for @entity4 and 2 for persistent @entity2 ). We conclude that bladder neck closure in conjunction with Mitrofanoff diversion is highly efficacious in achieving continence in a highly complex subgroup of @entity0 with intractable urinary leakage. With careful @entity0 selection and diligent followup total continence can be achieved in this most difficult @entity0 population.

title: Concomitant bladder neck closure and Mitrofanoff diversion for the management of intractable XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the burden of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on Canadian families. DESIGN: Telephone survey using random-digit dialing. SETTING: All Canadian provinces between May and June 2008. @entity0 : Caregivers of 1 or more @entity0 aged 6 months to 5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Caregivers' reports on the number of @entity1 episodes experienced by the @entity0 in the past 12 months, as well as disease characteristics, health services and medication use, time spent on medical consultations (including travel), and time taken off from work to care for the sick @entity0 . RESULTS: A total of 502 eligible caregivers were recruited, 161 (32%) of whom reported at least 1 @entity1 episode for their @entity0 and 42 (8%) of whom reported 3 or more episodes during the past 12 months. Most @entity0 (94%, 151 of 161) visited with health professionals during their most recent @entity1 episodes. The average time required for medical examination was 3.1 hours in an emergency department and 1.8 hours in an outpatient clinic. Overall, 93% of episodes resulted in antibiotics use. A substantial proportion of caregivers (38%) missed work during this time; the average time taken off work was 15.9 hours. CONCLUSION: In Canada, episodes of @entity1 are still associated with substantial use of health services and indirect costs to the caregivers.

title: Burden of XXXX on Canadian families.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish a noninvasive tracking of the pathogenic parasite @entity1 (Eh) after superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) labeling by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a single-cell level in vitro and in vivo in a @entity0 model for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Local institutional review committee on animal care approved all animal experiments. @entity1 trophozoites were labeled with SPIO nanoparticles (SPIO-Eh). The uptake of SPIO by Eh was optimized using flow cytometry and visualized by bright field, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The viability of SPIO-Eh was assessed in vitro by determination of growth and ingestion rate of red blood cells. Migration of SPIO-Eh was proven by in vitro MRI in a preclinical 7 T MRI system using continually repeated MRI scans. In vivo distribution of SPIO-Eh within the @entity0 liver was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by serial respiration-triggered T2*-weighted MRI, T2-weighted MRI, and R2* MR relaxometry up to 5 days after injection and correlated with immunohistology of the liver sections after removal. RESULTS: @entity1 can be efficiently labeled with SPIO without influence on parasite growth rate or phagocytic capacity. In vitro dynamic MRI allowed real-time migration monitoring and determination of velocity of single SPIO-Eh. In vivo SPIO-Eh showed signal decrease in T2*-weighted and increase of R2* in @entity2 formations. Motility of SPIO-Eh was necessary to induce @entity2 formations. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates the feasibility of an efficient magnetic labeling and a noninvasive in vitro and in vivo MR tracking of the pathogenic protozoan Eh in a @entity0 model for @entity2 , thus representing in future a noninvasive imaging tool to study parasite, as well as on host-specific pathomechanisms.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of pathogenic protozoan parasite XXXX labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

answer: @entity1


abstract: When @entity2 occurs after liver transplantation, another transplantation is required to ensure the @entity0 's survival. Because of the importance of establishing this diagnosis, we reviewed the results of duplex sonography in 37 angiographically or surgically proved cases of @entity2 after liver transplantation. There were 20 @entity0 and 17 adults. Ten of the 20 @entity0 had angiographically documented hepatopetal arterial collaterals. Such collaterals were not seen in the adult @entity0 . This subset of @entity0 was evaluated separately to determine if intrahepatic arterial blood flow reestablished by collaterals after @entity2 was a cause of false-negative Doppler studies. Thirty-four (92%) of the 37 cases of @entity2 were correctly identified by Doppler. A Doppler pulse was not identified in any of the @entity0 with arterial collaterals. We conclude that duplex sonography is sensitive in detecting @entity2 after liver transplantation. Furthermore, the presence of blood @entity1 does not cause false-negative examinations.

title: XXXX after liver transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish the effects of hospital- and home-based proprioceptive and strengthening exercise programs on proprioception, @entity1 , and functional status in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with bilateral knee @entity2 were randomly allocated into either a home-based or hospital-based exercise program. Hospital-based exercise group (n=30, mean age 50.23  9.07 years) received functional training program with proprioceptive ability, ice, and home exercises. Home-based exercise group (n=30, mean age 54.4  7.9 years) had a program of ice and home exercises. Treatment programs was conducted 5 days per week for 6 weeks (30 sessions). Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity2 Index (WOMAC), Monitorized Functional Squat System-Proprioceptive Test (MFSS), timed performance test (TUG), and visual analogue scale (VAS) for the intensity of @entity1 were used to quantify the variables. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated significant improvement when pre- and post-treatment results were compared for @entity1 intensity, WOMAC, and TUG test scores (p<0.05). No statistically significant improvement was found in proprioception of the home-based group (p>0.05). Hospital-based group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in MFSS, TUG test, and VAS in activity when compared with the home-based group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both hospital- and home-based exercise programs @entity4 and improved function in @entity0 with knee @entity2 .

title: Hospital-based versus home-based proprioceptive and strengthening exercise programs in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity11 was evaluated in a phase II study involving 109 @entity0 with @entity13 . A total of 21 cases of advanced @entity1 , 38 of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) of the urinary tract and 25 of @entity3 were evaluable for response. The response rate in @entity1 was 48%, with 70% in @entity12 and 27% in nonseminomas. Three responses were observed in @entity0 previously treated with @entity7 . In @entity9 , the response rate was 18%. No response was observed in @entity3 . @entity11 was well tolerated with no significant @entity2 and @entity10 detected. @entity4 and @entity5 were experienced by 50% of @entity0 but the severity was low. Severe myelosuppression, @entity6 and @entity8 were observed. In conclusion, @entity11 has demonstrated activity in both @entity1 and @entity9 of the urinary tract and is worthy of further study, especially in combination with other active drugs.

title: [Phase II study of @entity11 in XXXX . Urological Cooperative Study Group on @entity11 ].

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity11 was evaluated in a phase II study involving 109 @entity0 with @entity13 . A total of 21 cases of advanced @entity1 , 38 of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) of the urinary tract and 25 of @entity3 were evaluable for response. The response rate in @entity1 was 48%, with 70% in @entity12 and 27% in nonseminomas. Three responses were observed in @entity0 previously treated with @entity7 . In @entity9 , the response rate was 18%. No response was observed in @entity3 . @entity11 was well tolerated with no significant @entity2 and @entity10 detected. @entity4 and @entity5 were experienced by 50% of @entity0 but the severity was low. Severe myelosuppression, @entity6 and @entity8 were observed. In conclusion, @entity11 has demonstrated activity in both @entity1 and @entity9 of the urinary tract and is worthy of further study, especially in combination with other active drugs.

title: [Phase II study of XXXX in @entity13 . Urological Cooperative Study Group on @entity11 ].

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity11 was evaluated in a phase II study involving 109 @entity0 with @entity13 . A total of 21 cases of advanced @entity1 , 38 of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) of the urinary tract and 25 of @entity3 were evaluable for response. The response rate in @entity1 was 48%, with 70% in @entity12 and 27% in nonseminomas. Three responses were observed in @entity0 previously treated with @entity7 . In @entity9 , the response rate was 18%. No response was observed in @entity3 . @entity11 was well tolerated with no significant @entity2 and @entity10 detected. @entity4 and @entity5 were experienced by 50% of @entity0 but the severity was low. Severe myelosuppression, @entity6 and @entity8 were observed. In conclusion, @entity11 has demonstrated activity in both @entity1 and @entity9 of the urinary tract and is worthy of further study, especially in combination with other active drugs.

title: [Phase II study of @entity11 in @entity13 . Urological Cooperative Study Group on XXXX ].

answer: @entity11


abstract: The frequency of @entity2 in Western countries is currently decreasing. The development of methods of early diagnosis has improved the prognosis of the disease. In Madagascar, like in other African countries, @entity2 is the first @entity1 affecting @entity0 . The diagnosis comes late. Actions can be taken to improve the prognosis through early diagnosis of @entity2 . Our purpose was to analyze the main causes leading to these delays in diagnosis and to evaluate possibilities for improvement. This study was retrospective, consecutive and open wide not random, dealing with 79 cases of @entity2 , all confirmed by a histological examination, picked from the Department of Oncology at Antananarivo within a period of 24 months from the 1st of January 1990 through the 1st of January 1992. The Department of Oncology at Antananarivo is the only anti- @entity1 center available on the island. The position for an oncologist was occupied form 1984 to 1988 by a French doctor under the Technical Cooperation Agreement with France. Since then, no oncologist has been practicing in Madagascar. We evaluated the different reasons that could explain the delays in diagnosis and suggested possible actions to remedy the problem. We selected medical, @entity0 and technical, as well as geographical and social criteria for evaluation. Diagnosis was delayed too much (on average, about 8.48 +/- 7.12 months), possibly due to the above mentioned criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [79 cases of invasive XXXX uteri in the Department of Oncology in Antananarivo. Can diagnostic delays be improved?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this in-vitro study was to examine whether the @entity2 floor or the mesenchyme is involved in differentiation of LH cells in the developing @entity0 adenohypophysis. Overall growth of the adenohypophysial tissue was retarded when the adenohypophysial primordium was cultivated after enzymatic removal of the @entity2 floor on days 11.5 and 12.5 of gestation. This malgrowth was more marked when the brain was separated on day 11.5; most explants retained a simple cystiform structure that consisted of a few layers of undifferentiated cells. @entity1 also caused a highly significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the number of immunoreactive LH cells, if it was performed on day 11.5 but not day 12.5. Mesenchyme had little effect on the adenohypophysial growth or the number of immunopositive cells. Cultivation of the adenohypophysial primordium with the @entity2 floor resulted in the appearance of many immunoreactive LH cells. The number of LH cells significantly decreased, however, when the co-cultivated brain completely surrounded the adenohypophysial tissue. These results indicate that in 11.5-day-old fetal @entity0 the @entity2 floor is indispensable for the initial proliferation of adenohypophysial primordial cells and for the early determinating process of LH cells. Once determined, the development of LH cells may proceed without the surrounding tissues. The cytodifferentiation seems to be rather inhibited when in contact with the brain. The significance of the intimate spatial relationship between developing LH cells and the surrounding mesenchyme is also discussed.

title: Effects of brain and mesenchyme upon the cytogenesis of XXXX adenohypophysis in vitro. II. Differentiation of LH cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The genetics of @entity3 and the structure-function relationships of factor IX interactions with cofactors and substrates have been reviewed. Emphasis has been placed on contributions to our understanding made by analysis of variants. @entity2 substitutions at or near the site of activation lead to inactive factor IX or to factor IX species with decreased clotting activity. Release of the activation peptide is necessary for optimal interaction of factor IX with its cofactors and substrates. Abnormalities in the @entity1 binding region, whether Gla independent or dependent, also decrease clotting activity. The defects in @entity0 Bm variants somehow affect factor VII-tissue factor interactions with factor X. Other mutations may affect the factor IX heavy chain, probably at or near the active site. @entity2 substitutions may cause conformational changes in factor IX that interfere with other interactions such as with antithrombin III and factor VIII. Recombinant DNA techniques have been employed to analyse normal and abnormal factor IX genes. DNA sequence analysis of factor IX cDNA clones revealed the primary structure of the mature protein and a predicted leader peptide. Knowledge of the primary sequence of factor IX allowed identification of the specific defect in the factor IX Chapel Hill variant. Analysis of normal factor IX genomic clones has determined that the 35 kb gene is composed of eight coding exons and seven intervening sequences. Sequence analysis of the CRM+ variants will identify mutations disrupting the normal interactions of factor IX. Southern analysis of CRM- variants has revealed gross factor IX gene deletions in some cases. Such deletions have been employed for carrier deletion in some families. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the factor IX gene have also proven useful for carrier identification. Manipulations of the cloned factor IX gene to make specific mutations in vitro and improvements in the technology for expression of deliberately modified genes will further elucidate the relationships between factor IX structure and function.

title: Structure and function of factor IX: defects in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 maintenance-dose requirements predicted by six mathematical methods based on initial response to therapy were compared with @entity0 ' actual dose requirements in a multicenter trial. Data were collected for @entity0 who had received an initial regimen of @entity2 10 mg orally every 24 hours for three days and for whom a @entity1 time (PT) had been determined 16-20 hours after the third dose. @entity0 ' individual dose requirements and PT values were recorded during one to three follow-up visits after discharge from one of seven medical centers. @entity1 ratios ( @entity0 PT divided by control PT) calculated on day 4 were used for maintenance-dose prediction by five methods; a sixth method was based on the cumulative @entity2 dose-PT response curve up to a PT value of 20 seconds. For 54 @entity0 and 30 @entity0 who qualified for the study, 197 maintenance-dose-PT response measurements were recorded; 95 in the first four weeks of therapy, 76 during weeks 5-12, and 26 at 6-12 months after initial treatment. @entity1 ratios were within the therapeutic range (PT 1.5-2.5 times the control value) in 154 observations, and the mean actual @entity2 @entity3 maintenance dose associated with therapeutic response was 7.6 mg/day. For @entity0 with therapeutic @entity1 ratios, dose predictions by the five methods using @entity1 ratios (PRs) correlated significantly with actual dose requirements. The formula that predicted doses numerically closest to the actual dose is as follows: Dose = 11.17 - 21.08 (log PR). Only 45 observations were obtained for the sixth prediction method, and the correlation between actual and predicted doses was not significant. Initial @entity2 maintenance-dose requirements can be predicted effectively based on one PT determination after administration of three daily 10-mg doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Multicenter evaluation of six methods for predicting XXXX maintenance-dose requirements from initial response.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to understand better the cause and predictability of pouch failure requiring rediversion after ileal pouch-anal @entity3 and to assess the ultimate outcome of @entity0 in a large ileal pouch series who required rediversion. METHODS: Data from 460 @entity0 completing ileal pouch-anal @entity3 at one institution were recorded from both a prospectively accumulated ileal pouch registry and @entity0 medical records. RESULTS: Of 460 @entity0 , 21 (4.6 percent) who underwent ileal pouch-anal @entity3 required rediversion. Five of these @entity0 subsequently had successful restoration of pouch continuity, leaving a permanent failure rate of 16 of 460 @entity0 (3.5 percent). The most common reasons for rediversion were pouch @entity5 formation (12) and poor functional results (5). Preoperative factors, including age, previous colectomy, and indication for colectomy, did not predict eventual need for rediversion. @entity0 requiring rediversion had significantly higher rates of @entity4 (95 vs. 43 percent; P < 0.001). Specifically, this group had a higher rate of postoperative pouch @entity5 (57 vs. 3.4 percent; P < 0.001). Additionally, a final diagnosis of @entity1 significantly predicted the need for rediversion. Permanent pouch failure occurred in 36.8 percent of @entity0 with a final diagnosis of @entity1 compared with 1.4 percent of @entity0 with a final diagnosis of @entity2 (P < 0.001). All five salvaged @entity0 had @entity5 formation in the absence of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The overall rate of permanent pouch failure is low. The majority of failures were related to @entity5 formation associated with @entity1 or poor functional results. Pouches complicated by fistulas not associated with @entity1 can be salvaged with temporary rediversion.

title: Rediversion after ileal pouch-anal XXXX . Causes of failures and predictors of subsequent pouch salvage.

answer: @entity3


abstract: During the past 25 years, 24 randomized trials of intravenous (IV) fibrinolytic treatment have been reported, involving a total of some 6000 @entity0 in the acute phase of @entity2 . Most tested IV streptokinase (SK), but a few tested IV urokinase (UK). In the past 2 or 3 years numerous small randomized trials of intracoronary (IC) SK have been started, 9 of which, involving a total of about 1000 such @entity0 , have been reported. Because all of these IV and IC trials were small (the largest including only 747 @entity0 ), their separate results appear contradictory and unreliable. But, an overview of the data from these trials indicates that IV treatment produces a highly significant (22% +/- 5%, P less than 0.001) reduction in the odds of @entity1 , an even larger reduction in the odds of reinfarction, and an absolute frequency of serious adverse effects to set against this that is much smaller than the absolute mortality reduction. The apparent size of the mortality reduction in the IV trials was similar whether anticoagulants were compulsory or optional, whether treatment was in a coronary care unit or an ordinary ward and, surprisingly, whether treatment began early (less than 6 h from onset of symptoms) or late (generally 12-24 h). In addition, there was no evidence that UK was more effective than the less expensive SK, or that, despite their technical complexity, the new IC regimes were more effective than the old IV regimes. Even the IV schedules that have been studied in randomized trials were, however, quite complex, and the IC schedules were far more so. Perhaps partly because of this, none of them is widely used. If so, then some much simpler, and hence more widely practicable, IV SK regimes should be developed and tested. For example, a simple one hour high-dose IV SK infusion, without anticoagulation, will successfully convert virtually all of the available plasminogen into plasmin. But, it may be several years before the net effects on mortality of any more widely practicable IV SK regimes can be agreed unless many of the hospitals that do not wish routinely to use IC regimes or the complex previous IV regimes will collaborate in multicentre randomized trials that can, if necessary, continue rapid intake until some tens of thousands of @entity0 have been randomized, and some thousands of deaths have been observed among the control and treated @entity0 . The same, of course, may be true for any other fibrinolytic regimes (e.g. infusion of tissue plasminogen activator) if their net effects on mortality are comparable to those of IV SK.

title: Intravenous and intracoronary fibrinolytic therapy in acute XXXX : overview of results on mortality, reinfarction and side-effects from 33 randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been shown to reduce the occurrence of experimental @entity2 . To assess potential beneficial effects in @entity0 , the electrophysiological action of PGI2 was studied in 16 non medicated @entity0 . The protocol used in incremental pacing and programmed stimulation in the right atrium and ventricle. This protocol and measurement of effective refractory periods (ERP) were performed before and during the injection of 2.5, 5 and 10 ng kg-1 min-1 of PGI2. The atrial functional refractory period decreased significantly (P less than 0.05); PGI2 had no influence on the occurrence of inducible non-sustained (NS) @entity1 and was responsible for the occurrence of 2 non-sustained @entity1 in 8 @entity0 with inducible atrial echo beats under basal conditions. Thirteen @entity0 did not have inducible @entity3 ( @entity3 ) under basal conditions. Non-sustained @entity3 was induced after PGI2 in 4 of them but in only 1 of them after the administration of @entity4 . Three @entity0 had inducible @entity3 under basal conditions (1 non-sustained, 2 sustained @entity3 ). PGI2 did not prevent the occurrence of @entity3 (1 non-sustained, 1 sustained @entity3 ), except in 1 @entity0 with ischaemic-related @entity3 , who had non-sustained @entity3 after PGI2. In conclusion, PGI2 does not seem to have a cardiac antiarrhythmic effect and may increase the atrial and ventricular repetitive response. This effect could be related to an increase of adrenergic tone.

title: Proarrhythmic and antiarrhythmic effects of intravenous prostacyclin in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of short-term discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on spectral analysis of EEG background activity (spectral EEG) was studied in @entity0 undergoing preoperative evaluation for @entity1 surgery. We also wished to clarify whether AED discontinuation would provide lateralizing evidence in spectral EEGs of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Spectral EEGs were performed in 15 @entity0 receiving their regular medication regimen and again after a 1-week period during AED withdrawal. A subgroup of 9 @entity0 who had previously undergone temporal lobectomies ( @entity3 group) was studied separately. In this group, we evaluated the effect of preceding @entity2 on spectral EEG derived from temporal neocortical areas. In all @entity0 , spectral EEG changes were detected even after a short-term AED withdrawal. The total amount of absolute delta activity was reduced and occipital peak frequency and relative alpha activity were increased as compared with baseline values. In @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 occurring < 20 h before the spectral EEG recording, lateralization was correctly identified by the greater amount of absolute delta activity ipsilateral to the epileptogenic focus. @entity1 are accompanied by subtle focal slowing in spectral EEG for a much longer period than has been assumed. In addition, postictal spectral EEG over the temporal lobes may have lateralizing value. Further studies in larger numbers of @entity0 are needed to evaluate the role of spectral EEG in the preoperative evaluation of @entity0 for temporal lobe surgery.

title: Spectral EEG during short-term discontinuation of antiepileptic medication in partial XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intracoronary @entity5 is fundamental in the pathogenesis of @entity6 , although the causes of @entity5 are still unclear. As @entity3 generation is crucial for @entity5 formation, the inhibition of @entity3 is a primary aim to prevent the evolution of an initial repair process into a pathological @entity5 . @entity3 inhibition can be achieved by several drugs. Heparin is the principal @entity8 drug currently used in acute syndromes; it acts mainly by binding to @entity8 III and increasing its inhibitory effect on @entity3 and other coagulation factors. The heparin- @entity8 III complex, however, does not inhibit @entity5 -bound @entity3 ; moreover, iv heparin requires frequent laboratory monitoring and dose adjustments. Despite these limitations, continuous infusion of i.v. heparin has been found to be effective in @entity7 and in @entity4 , especially when treated with accelerated rt-PA. New @entity8 drugs that selectively and directly inhibit @entity3 are hirudin, its synthetic derivate hirulog, and @entity9 . These drugs have several theoretical advantages over heparin: greater stability of the aPTT--with the need for less laboratory monitoring--and greater efficacy--associated mainly with its capacity to inhibit clot-bound @entity3 . Clinical pilot studies seem to indicate a greater antithrombotic efficacy compared with heparin, but a greater number of @entity2 events in @entity0 with @entity4 receiving thrombolysis. In conclusion, the use of heparin is certainly indicated in @entity0 with @entity7 and persistent @entity1 and in @entity4 treated with accelerated rt-PA. The use of new @entity8 drugs, although promising, requires further clinical evaluation.

title: [ XXXX therapy in @entity6 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: Intracoronary @entity5 is fundamental in the pathogenesis of @entity6 , although the causes of @entity5 are still unclear. As @entity3 generation is crucial for @entity5 formation, the inhibition of @entity3 is a primary aim to prevent the evolution of an initial repair process into a pathological @entity5 . @entity3 inhibition can be achieved by several drugs. Heparin is the principal @entity8 drug currently used in acute syndromes; it acts mainly by binding to @entity8 III and increasing its inhibitory effect on @entity3 and other coagulation factors. The heparin- @entity8 III complex, however, does not inhibit @entity5 -bound @entity3 ; moreover, iv heparin requires frequent laboratory monitoring and dose adjustments. Despite these limitations, continuous infusion of i.v. heparin has been found to be effective in @entity7 and in @entity4 , especially when treated with accelerated rt-PA. New @entity8 drugs that selectively and directly inhibit @entity3 are hirudin, its synthetic derivate hirulog, and @entity9 . These drugs have several theoretical advantages over heparin: greater stability of the aPTT--with the need for less laboratory monitoring--and greater efficacy--associated mainly with its capacity to inhibit clot-bound @entity3 . Clinical pilot studies seem to indicate a greater antithrombotic efficacy compared with heparin, but a greater number of @entity2 events in @entity0 with @entity4 receiving thrombolysis. In conclusion, the use of heparin is certainly indicated in @entity0 with @entity7 and persistent @entity1 and in @entity4 treated with accelerated rt-PA. The use of new @entity8 drugs, although promising, requires further clinical evaluation.

title: [ @entity8 therapy in XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Eighteen @entity0 (median age 54 years, 36-79) with urinary motor urge (n = 13) or sensory urge (n = 5) @entity1 were treated for three 2-week periods with @entity4 (EC) ( @entity3 Novum) in daily doses of 500 and 1000 mg and placebo. Subjectively the @entity0 experienced an increased ability to control micturition, i.e. less urge, during EC treatment. Only mild and mainly anticholinergic side effects were recorded, most frequently @entity2 . As regards side effects, the evaluation of objective effects were complicated by a tendency towards carry-over effect to placebo. Placebo in the first treatment periods were analysed solely; no effects of placebo could be demonstrated. Compared with the reference period, decreases in the total number of micturitions (approx. 20%) and in the number of urge @entity1 episodes (approx. 75%) were seen. As compared with placebo, a significant increase (approx. 25%) in the average micturition volume could be demonstrated. The percentage urinary excretion of @entity3 decreased with increasing oral intake and with advancing age. Probably, an initial daily dosage of 500 mg EC will do well in younger @entity0 (less than 50 years), whereas elder @entity0 may need 1000 mg. Further dosage recommendations are given.

title: @entity4 : clinical effects and urinary excretion in treatment of female urge XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Eighteen @entity0 (median age 54 years, 36-79) with urinary motor urge (n = 13) or sensory urge (n = 5) @entity1 were treated for three 2-week periods with @entity4 (EC) ( @entity3 Novum) in daily doses of 500 and 1000 mg and placebo. Subjectively the @entity0 experienced an increased ability to control micturition, i.e. less urge, during EC treatment. Only mild and mainly anticholinergic side effects were recorded, most frequently @entity2 . As regards side effects, the evaluation of objective effects were complicated by a tendency towards carry-over effect to placebo. Placebo in the first treatment periods were analysed solely; no effects of placebo could be demonstrated. Compared with the reference period, decreases in the total number of micturitions (approx. 20%) and in the number of urge @entity1 episodes (approx. 75%) were seen. As compared with placebo, a significant increase (approx. 25%) in the average micturition volume could be demonstrated. The percentage urinary excretion of @entity3 decreased with increasing oral intake and with advancing age. Probably, an initial daily dosage of 500 mg EC will do well in younger @entity0 (less than 50 years), whereas elder @entity0 may need 1000 mg. Further dosage recommendations are given.

title: XXXX : clinical effects and urinary excretion in treatment of female urge @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude ("job strain") can lead to @entity3 . The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of @entity3 at angiography or with long-term outcome in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Employed @entity0 under the age of 65 years undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography completed a self-administered questionnaire about their job duties and work environment. Job strain was measured by the method of Karasek. @entity0 were separated into three groups, based on extent of @entity3 : significant disease (> or = 75% stenosis), insignificant disease (> 0% but < 75% stenosis), and normal coronary arteries. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression and the @entity6 proportional hazards model. The 1489 @entity0 enrolled had a median age of 52 years; 76% were male and 88% were white. By design, all @entity0 were employed, 60% in white-collar jobs and only 16% in jobs requiring heavy labor. Traditional cardiac risk factors were most prevalent in the 922 @entity0 with significant @entity4 , at intermediate levels in the 204 @entity0 with insignificant disease, and least prevalent in the 363 @entity0 with normal coronary arteries (all P < .01). Job strain was actually more common in @entity0 with normal coronary arteries (35%) than in @entity0 with insignificant (26%) or significant disease (25%, P < .002). In a multivariate analysis, job strain was not significantly correlated with the presence of @entity3 . Job strain was not correlated with @entity7 frequency at the time of angiography. Job strain was not a predictor of @entity2 ( @entity1 or nonfatal @entity5 ) during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Job strain was not correlated with the prevalence or severity of @entity4 in a cohort of @entity0 undergoing coronary angiography. The outcome of @entity0 with angiographically defined @entity3 was not affected by the level of job strain as measured by the method of Karasek.

title: Job strain and the prevalence and outcome of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Forty-four @entity0 with @entity2 were treated with curettage with or without bone grafting, and in 26 (59%) recurrence developed. Of 11 @entity0 treated with radiation, in only 1 (9%) the disease was not controlled. In 1 @entity0 , radiation-induced @entity5 developed. Since the introduction of cryosurgery 27 years ago, 51 @entity0 have been treated with cryosurgery. The @entity0 had an average age of 13 years (range, 2-32 years). Thirty-four primary @entity2 and 17 secondary @entity2 occurred in association with 7 @entity7 , 5 @entity4 , 2 @entity3 , 2 nonossifying @entity3 , and 1 unicameral bone cyst. The @entity1 were classified as inactive in 9 @entity0 , active in 31, and aggressive in 11. Treatment consisted of local intralesional excision followed by application of liquid @entity6 . The defect was either allowed to heal spontaneously (n = 26) or was reconstructed using an intramedullary rod (n = 2), bone grafts (n = 5), fibular strut grafts (n = 14), or polymethylmethacrylate with Steinmann pins (n = 4). At median followup of 85 months (range, 24-311 months), the overall cure rate was 82%. This was increased to 96% after a second, or repeat, cryosurgery. The disease in all @entity0 eventually was controlled by cryosurgery. The mean functional rating was 90% (range, 63%-100%). Intralesional excision with adjunctive cryosurgery is an effective method for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: The treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: From 1988 to 1991, 17 @entity0 with @entity1 underwent limb-sparing surgery and reconstruction using the saddle prosthesis. There were 8 @entity0 with primary @entity1 (Group 1), and 9 @entity0 with metastatic or systemic @entity1 involving the periacetabular pelvis (Group 2). All resections included excision of the acetabulum. @entity0 ranged in age from 24 to 76 years (average, 59.8 years). Local control was achieved in all @entity0 . Wide margins were obtained in all @entity0 with primary @entity2 . Functional outcomes were rated as follows excellent (10), good (2), fair (1), and poor (4). Three @entity0 , all of whom had pulmonary metastasis before surgery, died within 8 months of surgery. Of the remaining 14 @entity0 , 5 @entity0 died between 6 and 28 months after the index procedure. At the end of the followup period, 9 @entity0 were still alive (6 in Group 1 and 3 in Group 2), with a followup period ranging from 15 to 62 months (average, 33.4 months). The overall results for surviving @entity0 were 7 excellent and 2 good results, with no fair or poor results.

title: Reconstruction using the saddle prosthesis following excision of primary and metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a prospective, randomized, multicenter study, the efficacy and safety of @entity5 and the combination @entity3 - @entity4 as initial therapy for @entity0 with severe acute biliary tract infections were compared. Of 77 @entity0 initially entered in the study, definite severe @entity1 was confirmed in 67. Sixty-four @entity0 completed treatment. At the end of treatment, 35 of 36 (97%) @entity0 given @entity5 and 23 of 28 (82%) given @entity3 - @entity4 were cured of their infection (P = 0.07). Pathogens were recovered from the bile in 32 @entity0 ; microbiological cures were observed in 18 of 19 (94%) @entity0 receiving @entity5 and 8 of 13 (62%) receiving @entity3 - @entity4 (P = 0.03). Thirteen @entity0 had @entity2 . None (0%) of the eight septicemic @entity0 from the @entity5 group, but two of five (40%) from the @entity3 - @entity4 group, were clinical failures. Of the isolated pathogens, 51% were resistant to @entity3 , while the resistance rate was 4% for @entity4 and 1% for @entity5 (P less than 0.001). Biliary concentrations of @entity5 were maintained at high levels--236 +/- 87 micrograms/ml up to 12 h after administration. Even in the presence of severe @entity6 , @entity5 levels in the bile and gallbladder wall were above MICs for most pathogens. @entity5 may be considered as an excellent alternative in the therapy of severe biliary tract infections.

title: XXXX compared with @entity3 plus @entity4 for severe biliary tract infections.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In a prospective, randomized, multicenter study, the efficacy and safety of @entity5 and the combination @entity3 - @entity4 as initial therapy for @entity0 with severe acute biliary tract infections were compared. Of 77 @entity0 initially entered in the study, definite severe @entity1 was confirmed in 67. Sixty-four @entity0 completed treatment. At the end of treatment, 35 of 36 (97%) @entity0 given @entity5 and 23 of 28 (82%) given @entity3 - @entity4 were cured of their infection (P = 0.07). Pathogens were recovered from the bile in 32 @entity0 ; microbiological cures were observed in 18 of 19 (94%) @entity0 receiving @entity5 and 8 of 13 (62%) receiving @entity3 - @entity4 (P = 0.03). Thirteen @entity0 had @entity2 . None (0%) of the eight septicemic @entity0 from the @entity5 group, but two of five (40%) from the @entity3 - @entity4 group, were clinical failures. Of the isolated pathogens, 51% were resistant to @entity3 , while the resistance rate was 4% for @entity4 and 1% for @entity5 (P less than 0.001). Biliary concentrations of @entity5 were maintained at high levels--236 +/- 87 micrograms/ml up to 12 h after administration. Even in the presence of severe @entity6 , @entity5 levels in the bile and gallbladder wall were above MICs for most pathogens. @entity5 may be considered as an excellent alternative in the therapy of severe biliary tract infections.

title: @entity5 compared with XXXX plus @entity4 for severe biliary tract infections.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In a prospective, randomized, multicenter study, the efficacy and safety of @entity5 and the combination @entity3 - @entity4 as initial therapy for @entity0 with severe acute biliary tract infections were compared. Of 77 @entity0 initially entered in the study, definite severe @entity1 was confirmed in 67. Sixty-four @entity0 completed treatment. At the end of treatment, 35 of 36 (97%) @entity0 given @entity5 and 23 of 28 (82%) given @entity3 - @entity4 were cured of their infection (P = 0.07). Pathogens were recovered from the bile in 32 @entity0 ; microbiological cures were observed in 18 of 19 (94%) @entity0 receiving @entity5 and 8 of 13 (62%) receiving @entity3 - @entity4 (P = 0.03). Thirteen @entity0 had @entity2 . None (0%) of the eight septicemic @entity0 from the @entity5 group, but two of five (40%) from the @entity3 - @entity4 group, were clinical failures. Of the isolated pathogens, 51% were resistant to @entity3 , while the resistance rate was 4% for @entity4 and 1% for @entity5 (P less than 0.001). Biliary concentrations of @entity5 were maintained at high levels--236 +/- 87 micrograms/ml up to 12 h after administration. Even in the presence of severe @entity6 , @entity5 levels in the bile and gallbladder wall were above MICs for most pathogens. @entity5 may be considered as an excellent alternative in the therapy of severe biliary tract infections.

title: @entity5 compared with @entity3 plus XXXX for severe biliary tract infections.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Compared to @entity0 maintained on the normal @entity2 (0.33%) diet, animals maintained on the low @entity2 (0%) diet for 4 weeks exhibited increased plasma @entity3 and @entity6 and decreased urinary @entity4 excretion. 2. @entity0 maintained on the high @entity2 (8%) diet for 4 weeks showed increased systolic blood pressure, water intake, urine volume, @entity4 and @entity1 excretion and decreased plasma @entity3 and glomerular filtration rate. 3. Administration of @entity8 (10 mg/kg, po), but not @entity5 to the high salt diet @entity0 attenuated the diuretic effect, indicating the involvement of @entity7 rather than DA2 receptors. The @entity1 decarboxylase inhibitor, @entity9 (30 mg/kg, i.p.), also reduced the high salt-induced diuresis. 4. Kidney sections from @entity0 fed the low @entity2 diet showed a 63-100% decrease (P < 0.001-0.02) in cortical and medullary @entity7 and DA2 binding sites, while @entity0 fed the high @entity2 diet demonstrated only a 70% decrease (P < 0.01-0.02) in cortical @entity7 binding, without affecting DA2 binding. 5. These data indicate that chronic modification of dietary salt profoundly affects the @entity4 , water and @entity1 excretion and leads to selective modulation of renal @entity1 receptor subtypes.

title: Chronic manipulation of dietary salt modulates renal physiology and kidney XXXX receptor subtypes: functional and autoradiographic studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Neutral maltase is an alpha-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) which is present in @entity0 granulocytes and B-lymphocytes but not in T-lymphocytes. These cells have been reported to contain a renal-type neutral maltase which cross-reacts with an antiserum raised against kidney brush-border enzyme. No study has been performed to assess the subcellular localization of the enzyme. Molecular properties of leukocyte neutral maltase from any species are unknown. We report in this paper that neutral maltase is present on the extracytoplasmic side of @entity0 granulocyte plasma membrane. These results are supported by subcellular fractionation on Percoll gradient and by papain digestion of intact granulocytes. The enzyme is probably an integral membrane protein. The anchorage to the lipid bilayer may be similar to that of the stalked brush-border hydrolases. Some properties of granulocyte neutral maltase were also determined on a plasma membrane-enriched fraction. The enzyme cleaves @entity1 and @entity4 but not other glucosides disaccharides and oligosaccharides. The Km for @entity1 is (+/- SD) 0.78 (+/- 0.06) mM, that for @entity4 21.05 (+/- 1.43) mM. The Vmax for @entity4 is 0.83-fold that for @entity1 . Tris, @entity2 , @entity3 , and maltopentaose were inhibitors of granulocyte neutral maltase.

title: Neutral maltase of XXXX granulocytes: localization on the extracytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and some properties.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Voiding colpo-cysto-urethrography was performed in 52 consecutive female @entity0 with genuine urinary stress @entity1 before treatment and in 50 of the @entity0 after treatment. The @entity0 were randomized to either pelvic floor training or surgery. Surgery included a colposuspension operation in @entity0 with an anterior suspension defect and a vaginal repair in @entity0 with a posterior suspension defect. All pre- and posttreatment examinations were reevaluated blindly by one observer 4 to 6 years later. The pretreatment radiologic reevaluation was in agreement with the original classification in 79 per cent and not in agreement in 21 per cent. Pelvic floor training did not change the degree of suspension defect systematically. The effect of squeezing was significantly improved following pelvic floor training. A colposuspension gave rise to a typical radiologic configuration of the bladder and urethra. A vaginal repair was not detectable radiologically and it did not correct a posterior descent. The degree of descent and the degree of @entity1 were not correlated and it was not possible radiologically to distinguish treatment failures from treatment success.

title: Reliability of voiding colpo-cysto-urethrography in female urinary stress XXXX before and after treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This is an analysis of 509 @entity0 with severe @entity4 (SAA) treated in Europe between 1981 and 1986; 218 @entity0 were treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA identical sibling donors and 291 with immunosuppressive therapy (IS) with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). The overall actuarial survival was 63% after BMT and 61% after IS therapy at 6 years. All @entity0 fulfilled the criteria of SAA; however, most @entity0 with a neutrophil count of less than 0.2 x 10(9)/l also had @entity1 and @entity2 . Therefore a further subclassification was defined by pretreatment peripheral blood neutrophil count: very severe @entity4 (vSAA) (less than 0.2 x 10(9)/l neutrophils) and moderately severe @entity4 (mSAA) (0.2-0.5 x 10(9)/l neutrophils). A Cox regression analysis showed that the only significant pre-treatment variables were a low neutrophil count (P = 0.001) and increasing age (P = 0.05). Thus it seemed reasonable to analyse survival data after combined stratification for neutrophils (vSAA versus mSAA) and age (cut off at 20 years). BMT was superior to IS in @entity0 with vSAA under 20 years of age (64% v. 38%; P = 0.01). IS was superior to BMT in @entity0 with mSAA aged 20 or more (82% v. 62%; P = 0.002). The two treatments gave comparable results in young @entity0 with mSAA (BMT = 58%, IS = 62%; P = 0.1), and in older @entity0 with vSAA (BMT = 44%, IS = 43%; P = 0.06). Overall 75/218 and 87/291 @entity0 , given BMT or IS respectively, died. The major cause of failure in BMT @entity0 was graft rejection (n = 22) or problems associated with @entity3 . For ALG @entity0 the major problem was persistence of the @entity5 with @entity2 (n = 32) or @entity1 (n = 46). This study indicates that over 60% of @entity0 with SAA can be successfully treated with either BMT or IS. Overall survival does not differ in the two groups, though significant differences emerge after stratification for severity of the @entity5 and age.

title: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) versus immunosuppression for the treatment of severe XXXX (SAA): a report of the EBMT SAA working party.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity5 ) provokes a huge @entity2 to the arterial wall and potentially liberates fragments of @entity4 material that may impair the microcirculation downstream. Incidence and clinical relevance of such @entity6 are not known. This study was aimed at investigating the changes of the skin microcirculation in @entity0 with peripheral @entity3 undergoing @entity5 of the lower limbs. Pedal transcutaneous @entity1 tension (tcpO2) and nailfold skin microcirculation were measured in 21 @entity0 with disabling peripheral @entity3 before and after @entity5 . Sixteen matched @entity0 undergoing arteriography alone were used as controls. The skin microcirculation was investigated at the nailfold of the great toe by the combination of laser Doppler fluxmetry and dynamic capillaroscopy. @entity5 was successful in all @entity0 . The tcpO2 decreased immediately after @entity5 (delta tcpO2 = -5 mm Hg; p < 0.004), whereas it tended to increase (delta tcpO2 = 1 mm Hg; NS) following arteriography as compared with baseline values. By contrast, blood flow increased in both groups, predominantly for the total circulation in the @entity5 group and for nutritional circulation (p < 0.0017) in the arteriography group, respectively. Consequently, the 'nutritional index', i.e., the index of nutritional versus total microcirculation, was decreased following @entity5 , particularly following mechanical recanalization (p < 0.02), but did not change in the controls. The changes of this 'nutritional index' and those of the tcpO2 were positively correlated (r = 0.4, p = 0.023).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on skin microcirculation in @entity0 with disabling peripheral XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity5 ) provokes a huge @entity2 to the arterial wall and potentially liberates fragments of @entity4 material that may impair the microcirculation downstream. Incidence and clinical relevance of such @entity6 are not known. This study was aimed at investigating the changes of the skin microcirculation in @entity0 with peripheral @entity3 undergoing @entity5 of the lower limbs. Pedal transcutaneous @entity1 tension (tcpO2) and nailfold skin microcirculation were measured in 21 @entity0 with disabling peripheral @entity3 before and after @entity5 . Sixteen matched @entity0 undergoing arteriography alone were used as controls. The skin microcirculation was investigated at the nailfold of the great toe by the combination of laser Doppler fluxmetry and dynamic capillaroscopy. @entity5 was successful in all @entity0 . The tcpO2 decreased immediately after @entity5 (delta tcpO2 = -5 mm Hg; p < 0.004), whereas it tended to increase (delta tcpO2 = 1 mm Hg; NS) following arteriography as compared with baseline values. By contrast, blood flow increased in both groups, predominantly for the total circulation in the @entity5 group and for nutritional circulation (p < 0.0017) in the arteriography group, respectively. Consequently, the 'nutritional index', i.e., the index of nutritional versus total microcirculation, was decreased following @entity5 , particularly following mechanical recanalization (p < 0.02), but did not change in the controls. The changes of this 'nutritional index' and those of the tcpO2 were positively correlated (r = 0.4, p = 0.023).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on skin microcirculation in XXXX with disabling peripheral @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of self-reported physical activity with performance-based and self-reported physical functioning measured 3 to 5 years later. DESIGN: A population-based, longitudinal study. SETTING: The island of Oahu, Hawaii. @entity0 : Subjects were 3640 Japanese-American @entity0 older than 70 years of age. MEASUREMENTS: Estimated daily energy expenditure evaluated from self-reported engagement in a variety of activities determined from a mail survey in 1988; physical functioning status determined from both self-report and performance-based measures 3 to 5 years later. The effect of physical activity on physical functioning scores was determined through multiple logistic regression and analysis of covariance techniques for subjects who had @entity1 as well as those in a healthy subsample. RESULTS: For the healthy subsample, those who were highly active in 1988 were more likely to have optimal function for the basic activities of daily living score (odds ratio 2.3; confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 4.9), home management skills score (odds ratio 1.5; CI 1.1 to 2.1), and physical endurance-type tasks score (odds ratio 1.7; CI 1.2 to 2.4) than subjects classified as low active. A significant linear trend was found additionally across physical activity level for time to walk 10 feet and grip strength (P values < .001). Similar results were found for subjects with @entity1 ; however, most of the benefit of physical activity for this subsample occurred for subjects who were at least physically active at a moderate level. CONCLUSION: Engaging in physical activity is predictive of a high level of physical functioning in older @entity0 with and without @entity1 . Participation in at least moderate physical activity may be sufficient to maintain optimal physical functioning in subjects afflicted with @entity1 .

title: Associations of physical activity with performance-based and self-reported physical functioning in older XXXX : the Honolulu Heart Program.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare contemporary results of @entity2 and surgery for @entity3 in @entity0 and @entity0 in the five years between August 1988 and October 1993. Thirty four @entity0 underwent attempted balloon valvuloplasty (age 1 day-16 years, weight 1720 g-68 kg) (group 1), eight of whom were neonates with critical @entity3 . During the same period, 17 @entity0 underwent direct surgical valvotomy (group 2) (seven neonates). @entity4 was achieved in 33 (97%) with immediate reduction in the instantaneous systolic pressure gradient from 82 to 34 mm Hg (mean). There were two deaths in this group (both neonates), the second in a preterm neonate from @entity6 . Complications requiring intervention in group 1 were @entity1 in one and femoral @entity5 in two. Follow up from four months to five years showed sustained results in most cases. There were two neonatal deaths in the surgical group. When the two groups were compared there was no significant difference in mortality, morbidity, or need for reintervention within 12 months. Deaths from both groups were attributed to small left ventricles. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in group 1. It is concluded that @entity2 for @entity3 is effective and safe for the entire paediatric population. The results compare favourably with those of surgery.

title: Contemporary results of balloon valvuloplasty and surgical valvotomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical and immunological response to immunosuppressive treatment with @entity1 in two @entity0 with @entity2 . DESIGN: Case reports. Clinical and immunological follow-up data available for 4 1/2 years in the first @entity0 and for 2 years in the second @entity0 . SETTING: A 1500-bed university hospital and a 1200-bed university teaching hospital. INTERVENTION: @entity1 intermittent treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical disability. RESULTS: One of the @entity0 , who was treated from an early stage, recovered completely. The other @entity0 showed a partial clinical response. While the two @entity0 were receiving a maintenance regimen with @entity1 , the conditions of both @entity0 remained stable for at least 2 years. In both patients, intrathecal antibody synthesis declined considerably. CONCLUSION: Early induction of immunosuppressive therapy with @entity1 should be tried in treating @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Immunological and clinical response to immunosuppressive treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is an uncommon @entity1 of the skin that often portends a poor prognosis. Since its first description by Toker in 1972, a plethora of case reports and articles regarding the etiopathogenesis and treatment have been published spanning multiple medical and surgical disciplines. Much confusion still exists regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this @entity1 . OBJECT: Through extensive review of the medical, surgical, and pathological literature, to collate the observations of multiple investigators and summarize these findings. METHODS: Articles from journals of multiple subspecialties were carefully reviewed with particular emphasis placed on epidemiology, prognosis, histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, @entity1 origin, treatment, and work-up of @entity3 . RESULTS: @entity3 is an aggressive @entity1 . Local recurrence develops in 26-44% of @entity0 despite therapy. Up to three-fourths of @entity0 eventually develop regional nodal metastases with distant metastases occurring in one-third of all @entity0 . Reported overall 5-year survival rates range from 30% to 64%. CONCLUSION: Treatment recommendations unfortunately are based more on anecdotal than scientific data because of the rarity of the @entity1 and its recognized high risk. Most authors recommend wide local excision of the @entity2 and regional lymph node resection if lymph nodes are palpable followed by x-irradiation of both the postsurgical bed and lymph node basin. The role of elective lymph node resection in the absence of clinically positive nodes remains controversial.

title: XXXX . Diagnosis and treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a @entity3 characterized by profound impairment of cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Affected @entity0 die of recurrent infections within 2 years of birth unless rescued by allogeneic transplantation from a suitable donor. Recently, the @entity3 responsible for @entity5 @entity4 has been identified as a mutation in the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor, a protein also shared by the @entity2 and @entity6 receptors and therefore now denoted the @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We report here the development of a high-titer amphotropic retroviral vector for transfer of @entity8 . This vector was used to transfer a copy of the @entity8 cDNA to @entity1 3T3 fibroblasts, @entity7 -enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from bone marrow and umbilical cord blood of normal donors, and to transplanted @entity1 bone marrow progenitors. @entity1 3T3 cells transduced by the retroviral vector were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization and Western transfer. Southern analysis confirmed the integration of unrearranged proviral DNA, and Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of @entity8 protein. @entity7 -enriched cells were infected with viral vectors bearing @entity8 and grown in methylcellulose media. Individual colonies and pools of cells were analyzed 2 weeks later by polymerase chain reaction assay, which confirmed the proviral marking. The vector was also used to transfer a copy of the @entity8 cDNA to @entity1 bone marrow cells in a transplantation model. Infected marrow was transplanted into syngeneic Balb/c @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Retroviral vector for gene therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: To determine if the site of immune reaction could influence the mediation and morphological expression of @entity1 in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti- @entity2 ) @entity5 and @entity1 , we studied the events that followed the in situ reaction of rat antibody with antigen planted in either the @entity2 (especially the lamina rara interna) or in the subepithelial @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Non-nephritogenic amounts of noncomplement-fixing sheep anti- @entity2 or anti-tubular brushborder antibody were injected into separate groups of @entity3 to plant sheep IgG in the @entity2 and @entity6 , respectively. Kidneys containing sheep IgG were then transplanted into naive recipients that were passively immunized with rat anti-sheep IgG. There was marked @entity4 after 2 days (antigen in @entity2 : 226 +/- 50.7; antigen in @entity6 : 69 +/- 50.7 mg/24 hr) that was abrogated by prior depletion of complement in both groups (antigen in @entity2 : 10.2 +/- 1.7; antigen in @entity6 : 14.3 +/- 8.7 mg/24 hr). When antigen was planted in @entity6 , inflammatory-cell depletion with either anti-neutrophil (PMN) serum or lethal irradiation had no effect on @entity4 . In contrast, anti-PMN abolished @entity4 (12.0 +/- 5.6 mg/24 hr) and irradiation reduced it by 60% when antigen was in @entity2 . Glomeruli of kidneys with antigen in @entity2 were significantly larger and more hypercellular than those with antigen in @entity6 after transplantation into immunized recipients. Endothelial cell injury and adherence of inflammatory cells to denuded @entity2 were prominent in the former (antigen in @entity2 ), while glomeruli with antigen in @entity6 showed only subepithelial deposits, adjacent slit-diaphragm displacement, and epithelial cell foot-process effacement. Thus, the reaction of antigen and antibody in glomeruli produced complement-mediated injury which was cell-independent when complex formation occurred on the outer aspect of the @entity2 but was cell-dependent when the same reagents reacted more proximally to the circulation. We therefore conclude that antigen distribution can critically influence the mediation and morphologic expression of immune @entity1 and may, in part, account for variations in the clinical and histological manifestations of antibody-induced @entity1 in @entity0 .

title: Influence of antigen distribution on the mediation of immunological XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: One of the most important advances in the treatment of @entity2 has come from understanding that controlled early resumption of activity can promote restoration of function, and that treatment of @entity3 with prolonged rest may delay recovery and adversely affect normal tissues. In the last decade of the nineteenth century two widely respected orthopaedists with extensive clinical experience strongly advocated opposing treatments of @entity2 . Hugh Owen Thomas in Liverpool believed that enforced, uninterrupted prolonged rest produced the best results. He noted that movement of injured tissues increased @entity1 , and that, "It would indeed be as reasonable to attempt to cure a fever @entity0 by kicking him out of bed, as to benefit @entity4 by a wriggling at the articulation." Just Lucas-Championnier in Paris took the opposite position. He argued that early controlled active motion accelerated restoration of function, although he noted that mobility had to be given in limited doses. In general, Thomas' views met with greater acceptance in the early part of this century, but experimental studies of the last several decades generally support Lucas-Championneir. They confirm and help explain the deleterious effects of prolonged rest and the beneficial effects of activity on the musculoskeletal tissues. They have shown that maintenance of normal bone, tendon and ligament, articular cartilage and muscle structure and composition require repetitive use, and that changes in the patterns of tissue loading can strengthen or weaken normal tissues. Although all the musculoskeletal tissues can respond to repetitive loading, they vary in the magnitude and type of response to specific patterns of activity. Furthermore, their responsiveness may decline with increasing age. Skeletal muscle and bone demonstrate the most apparent response to changes in activity in individuals of any age. Cartilage and dense fibrous tissues also can respond to loading, but the responses are more difficult to measure. The effects of loading on injured tissues have been less extensively studied, but the available evidence indicates that repair tissues respond to loading and, like immature normal tissues, may be more sensitive to cyclic loading and motion than mature normal tissues. However, early motion and loading of injured tissues is not without risks. Premature or excessive loading and motion of repair tissue can inhibit or stop repair. Unfortunately, the optimal methods of facilitating healing by early application of loading and motion have not been defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Activity vs. rest in the treatment of bone, soft tissue and joint XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 after cardiac surgical procedures are infrequent but severe. Thirty-three @entity1 were identified in 25 @entity0 who underwent cardiac surgery during a 7-year period (2.0% incidence). The mortality rate for @entity0 having these @entity1 was 44%. Acute @entity8 was the most lethal complication (86%). Acute @entity3 was the most common complication (eight @entity0 ). Most @entity0 responded well to conservative measures. Five @entity0 had @entity2 and three had @entity2 that required more than 2 U of packed red blood cells. All @entity0 conditions were diagnosed endoscopically and none necessitated operation. Of the remaining @entity0 , one was operated on because of perforated duodenal @entity4 , one because of @entity7 , and one because of @entity6 , and one @entity0 underwent diagnostic laparotomy and showed negative results for presumed @entity8 . @entity5 was fatal in all three @entity0 in whom it occurred. @entity1 correlated significantly with advanced age, prolonged bypass times, valve surgery, and the female sex. We conclude that septic @entity1 --particularly acute @entity8 and perforated viscus--after cardiac surgery are uncommon but lethal. Clinical features are often subtle, and a high index of suspicion is necessary for an early diagnosis and the institution of appropriate treatment.

title: XXXX after cardiac surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Penetrating @entity1 is uncommon. Usually not serious in itself it may be associated with other more serious conditions. A 15-year-old @entity0 was involved in a tobogganing accident, and a shard of wood penetrated the left scrotum, the anterior abdominal wall and the rectus sheath one-third of the way from umbilicus to xiphisternum. There was also a @entity2 . Removal of the piece of wood and closure of the wounds with drainage resulted in successful recovery. A 45-year-old @entity0 , sustained a penetrating straddle-type injury from a broom handle. The handle penetrated Dartos fascia but there was no @entity1 . It also perforated the rectus sheath 6 cm inferior to the costal margin, and both anterior and posterior gastric walls. The tract of the handle extended along the base of the transverse mesocolon and posterior to the pancreas. The perforations were debrided and repaired. The @entity0 received a 5-day course of broad-spectrum antibiotics and recovered fully. As a result of their experience with these two @entity0 the authors recommend that when there is penetration of Dartos fascia, the testicle and cord should be inspected, lavage and d  bridement should be carried out, and any foreign bodies should be removed and the injuries repaired. Antibiotics should be given perioperatively. In all cases the entire tract should be explored to its terminus to search for other injuries. Even upper @entity3 can occur with penetrating @entity1 .

title: Trans-scrotal intra- XXXX : two case reports.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The exact @entity0 classification by the pathologist is the basis of adequate therapy of @entity1 . The classification includes the determination of the histological type of the @entity2 and the grading according to the criteria of the WHO and the UICC, as well as the staging according to the TNM system of the UICC and the Dukes classification. Most @entity1 are @entity3 of tubular, tubulo-papillary and papillary subtypes. @entity8 are characterized by a pronounced extracellular mucus production. @entity7 with intracellular mucus production are very rare and predominantly localized in the right-sided colon. @entity4 and @entity4 are extremely rare in the large bowel. They are only mentioned for completeness. The histological grading proposed by the WHO distinguishes @entity2 of well (G1), moderately well (G2) and poor (G3) differentiation. Well and moderately well differentiated @entity0 can be regarded as @entity2 with low grade of @entity0 , whereas poorly differentiated ones are @entity2 with high grade of @entity0 . The new grading of the UICC distinguishes in addition to the well, moderately well and poorly differentiated @entity2 the @entity0 (G4). G1 and G2 correspond to low grade, G3 and G4 to high grade of @entity0 . According to the 1987 nomenclature of the UICC-TNM system @entity6 denotes @entity0 spread to the mucosa, or mucosa and submucosa, pT2 to the muscularis propria, @entity5 into the subserosa or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissue and pT4 a perforation of the visceral peritoneum or a spread into other organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX : classification and aspects of the proliferation kinetics].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The role of ACTH, @entity2 and @entity4 on the regulation of mRNA abundance, protein levels and enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase (P450c21, CYP21) were investigated in @entity0 adrenal cell cultures. In untreated cells, 21-hydroxylase activity was diminished throughout a 48 h period of incubation. Although incubation with @entity2 and @entity4 restored 21-hydroxylase activity to normal levels, the addition of ACTH did not prevent the decrease of 21-hydroxylase activity. Treatment of cells with @entity3 for 24 h inhibited 21-hydroxylase activity by 93%; however, after removal of the drug a slight increase of enzyme activity was observed; this rise was enhanced by the addition of ACTH. @entity2 and @entity4 increased the levels of 21-hydroxylase activity to the same range as seen in untreated cells. In cells that were not pretreated with @entity3 , incubation with @entity1 for 1 h had no effect on 21-hydroxylase activity and could not prevent the modest increase of 21-hydroxylase activity induced by @entity2 or @entity4 after 48 h of incubation. In @entity3 -treated cells, @entity1 blocks the stimulation of enzyme activity induced by ACTH, @entity2 and @entity4 . Our findings indicate that 21-hydroxylase activity can be stimulated by ACTH, @entity2 or @entity4 solely in the presence of reduced enzymatic activity. Western immunoblot analysis of P450c21 protein levels in untreated or @entity3 -treated adrenal cells indicate that P450c21 protein levels were in the same range and further incubation with ACTH caused a similar elevation of P450c21 protein levels in both the untreated and @entity3 -treated cells. Northern blot analysis on RNA isolated from adrenal cells showed that @entity3 did not alter the basal steady state levels of P450c21 mRNA. As well, incubation with ACTH or @entity4 increased the levels of P450c21 transcript to the same extent in both untreated and @entity3 -treated cells. These results taken together provide additional evidence for the presence of an adrenal specific protein factor(s) modulating 21-hydroxylase activity.

title: Regulation of @entity0 adrenal P450c21 messenger RNA, protein and activity by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of ACTH, @entity2 and @entity4 on the regulation of mRNA abundance, protein levels and enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase (P450c21, CYP21) were investigated in @entity0 adrenal cell cultures. In untreated cells, 21-hydroxylase activity was diminished throughout a 48 h period of incubation. Although incubation with @entity2 and @entity4 restored 21-hydroxylase activity to normal levels, the addition of ACTH did not prevent the decrease of 21-hydroxylase activity. Treatment of cells with @entity3 for 24 h inhibited 21-hydroxylase activity by 93%; however, after removal of the drug a slight increase of enzyme activity was observed; this rise was enhanced by the addition of ACTH. @entity2 and @entity4 increased the levels of 21-hydroxylase activity to the same range as seen in untreated cells. In cells that were not pretreated with @entity3 , incubation with @entity1 for 1 h had no effect on 21-hydroxylase activity and could not prevent the modest increase of 21-hydroxylase activity induced by @entity2 or @entity4 after 48 h of incubation. In @entity3 -treated cells, @entity1 blocks the stimulation of enzyme activity induced by ACTH, @entity2 and @entity4 . Our findings indicate that 21-hydroxylase activity can be stimulated by ACTH, @entity2 or @entity4 solely in the presence of reduced enzymatic activity. Western immunoblot analysis of P450c21 protein levels in untreated or @entity3 -treated adrenal cells indicate that P450c21 protein levels were in the same range and further incubation with ACTH caused a similar elevation of P450c21 protein levels in both the untreated and @entity3 -treated cells. Northern blot analysis on RNA isolated from adrenal cells showed that @entity3 did not alter the basal steady state levels of P450c21 mRNA. As well, incubation with ACTH or @entity4 increased the levels of P450c21 transcript to the same extent in both untreated and @entity3 -treated cells. These results taken together provide additional evidence for the presence of an adrenal specific protein factor(s) modulating 21-hydroxylase activity.

title: Regulation of XXXX adrenal P450c21 messenger RNA, protein and activity by @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The efficacy and safety of sustained-release @entity3 , 60 to 180 mg twice daily, was compared with that of @entity2 , 25 to 75 mg twice daily, alone and in combination, in 132 @entity0 with mild to moderate essential @entity1 (supine diastolic blood pressure [BP] 95 to 114 mm Hg). All @entity0 received placebo for 4 to 6 weeks, followed by randomization to @entity3 or @entity2 during the double-blind monotherapy phase. Either study drug was titrated over 6 weeks to achieve a goal supine diastolic BP reduction of at least 10 mm Hg and a diastolic BP of less than 90 mm Hg. @entity0 achieving the goal BP reduction were maintained on monotherapy for an additional 8 weeks. @entity0 not achieving the treatment goal after 8 weeks with either drug alone received the other drug in combination, titrated to achieve goal BP response. Both drugs lowered BP significantly and, at the doses used, @entity3 had a greater effect on diastolic BP than did @entity2 . The mean changes from baseline at week 8 were -10.6 and -7.3 mm Hg, respectively, (p = 0.01). Goal BP was achieved in 38% of @entity0 taking @entity3 monotherapy and in 34% of @entity0 taking @entity2 monotherapy. There were no significant differences between @entity3 and @entity2 in diastolic or systolic BP reductions by race or age. The addition of alternate therapy for non-goal achievers at week 8 resulted in significant reductions in diastolic and systolic BP by week 16.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and @entity2 alone or in combination for treatment of mild to moderate systemic @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The efficacy and safety of sustained-release @entity3 , 60 to 180 mg twice daily, was compared with that of @entity2 , 25 to 75 mg twice daily, alone and in combination, in 132 @entity0 with mild to moderate essential @entity1 (supine diastolic blood pressure [BP] 95 to 114 mm Hg). All @entity0 received placebo for 4 to 6 weeks, followed by randomization to @entity3 or @entity2 during the double-blind monotherapy phase. Either study drug was titrated over 6 weeks to achieve a goal supine diastolic BP reduction of at least 10 mm Hg and a diastolic BP of less than 90 mm Hg. @entity0 achieving the goal BP reduction were maintained on monotherapy for an additional 8 weeks. @entity0 not achieving the treatment goal after 8 weeks with either drug alone received the other drug in combination, titrated to achieve goal BP response. Both drugs lowered BP significantly and, at the doses used, @entity3 had a greater effect on diastolic BP than did @entity2 . The mean changes from baseline at week 8 were -10.6 and -7.3 mm Hg, respectively, (p = 0.01). Goal BP was achieved in 38% of @entity0 taking @entity3 monotherapy and in 34% of @entity0 taking @entity2 monotherapy. There were no significant differences between @entity3 and @entity2 in diastolic or systolic BP reductions by race or age. The addition of alternate therapy for non-goal achievers at week 8 resulted in significant reductions in diastolic and systolic BP by week 16.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3 and @entity2 alone or in combination for treatment of mild to moderate systemic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The efficacy and safety of sustained-release @entity3 , 60 to 180 mg twice daily, was compared with that of @entity2 , 25 to 75 mg twice daily, alone and in combination, in 132 @entity0 with mild to moderate essential @entity1 (supine diastolic blood pressure [BP] 95 to 114 mm Hg). All @entity0 received placebo for 4 to 6 weeks, followed by randomization to @entity3 or @entity2 during the double-blind monotherapy phase. Either study drug was titrated over 6 weeks to achieve a goal supine diastolic BP reduction of at least 10 mm Hg and a diastolic BP of less than 90 mm Hg. @entity0 achieving the goal BP reduction were maintained on monotherapy for an additional 8 weeks. @entity0 not achieving the treatment goal after 8 weeks with either drug alone received the other drug in combination, titrated to achieve goal BP response. Both drugs lowered BP significantly and, at the doses used, @entity3 had a greater effect on diastolic BP than did @entity2 . The mean changes from baseline at week 8 were -10.6 and -7.3 mm Hg, respectively, (p = 0.01). Goal BP was achieved in 38% of @entity0 taking @entity3 monotherapy and in 34% of @entity0 taking @entity2 monotherapy. There were no significant differences between @entity3 and @entity2 in diastolic or systolic BP reductions by race or age. The addition of alternate therapy for non-goal achievers at week 8 resulted in significant reductions in diastolic and systolic BP by week 16.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3 and XXXX alone or in combination for treatment of mild to moderate systemic @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The pathology of the alimentary tracts of nine @entity0 dying of @entity9 infection is reviewed. Two @entity0 had previous gastric operations, supporting previous reports that such @entity0 are more susceptible to @entity11 . Four had no parietal (oxyntic) cells in the @entity3 , suggesting hypo- or anacidity. Only one had acute @entity10 . None had acute @entity6 , but in half of the @entity0 , subtle histological changes suggested an ' @entity13 '. Acute @entity8 with abundant crypt abscesses, without stromal abscesses in the lamina propria, was the most constant finding and reparative features started very early, and occurred in later deaths. Under ideal circumstances this crypt abscess is readily distinguished from that of idiopathic @entity1 , but can be confused with the crypt abscess of @entity12 . While the florid colonic changes may have settled in the late deaths, active @entity2 is commonly present in the appendix mucosa on histology. The pathology of the alimentary tract in @entity9 infection differs from that of @entity5 and @entity14 infections. There is little evidence of @entity7 , although subtle changes occur in the stomach and small intestine. The features are those of acute @entity8 with @entity4 , distinguishable from idiopathic @entity1 .

title: Pathology of the alimentary tract in @entity9 XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: The pathology of the alimentary tracts of nine @entity0 dying of @entity9 infection is reviewed. Two @entity0 had previous gastric operations, supporting previous reports that such @entity0 are more susceptible to @entity11 . Four had no parietal (oxyntic) cells in the @entity3 , suggesting hypo- or anacidity. Only one had acute @entity10 . None had acute @entity6 , but in half of the @entity0 , subtle histological changes suggested an ' @entity13 '. Acute @entity8 with abundant crypt abscesses, without stromal abscesses in the lamina propria, was the most constant finding and reparative features started very early, and occurred in later deaths. Under ideal circumstances this crypt abscess is readily distinguished from that of idiopathic @entity1 , but can be confused with the crypt abscess of @entity12 . While the florid colonic changes may have settled in the late deaths, active @entity2 is commonly present in the appendix mucosa on histology. The pathology of the alimentary tract in @entity9 infection differs from that of @entity5 and @entity14 infections. There is little evidence of @entity7 , although subtle changes occur in the stomach and small intestine. The features are those of acute @entity8 with @entity4 , distinguishable from idiopathic @entity1 .

title: Pathology of the alimentary tract in XXXX @entity11 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Radiation therapy has been widely used for palliative management of inoperable metastatic @entity2 . For @entity0 with @entity1 , response rates of approximately 70% have been reported. There are limited data concerning the role of adjuvant irradiation following therapeutic lymph node dissection. In this review, 57 @entity0 with isolated resectable and nonresectable @entity1 have been treated with radiation. The overall response rate is 84% for bulky disease. Large fractions are beneficial. The median disease-free survivals were 11 months after adjuvant treatment and 7 months for those with inoperable disease. The median overall survivals were 20 months and 18 months, respectively. Local control in long-term survivors was excellent. Sixty-five percent of @entity0 developed distant metastases. There is a need for additional studies with the use of adjuvant radiation therapy following lymph node dissection.

title: Radiation therapy for XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Radiation therapy has been widely used for palliative management of inoperable metastatic @entity2 . For @entity0 with @entity1 , response rates of approximately 70% have been reported. There are limited data concerning the role of adjuvant irradiation following therapeutic lymph node dissection. In this review, 57 @entity0 with isolated resectable and nonresectable @entity1 have been treated with radiation. The overall response rate is 84% for bulky disease. Large fractions are beneficial. The median disease-free survivals were 11 months after adjuvant treatment and 7 months for those with inoperable disease. The median overall survivals were 20 months and 18 months, respectively. Local control in long-term survivors was excellent. Sixty-five percent of @entity0 developed distant metastases. There is a need for additional studies with the use of adjuvant radiation therapy following lymph node dissection.

title: Radiation therapy for @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are the most common @entity0 adult-onset @entity2 . They are characterized by prominent age-related @entity2 in selectively vulnerable neural systems. Some forms of @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity6 are inherited, and genes causing these diseases have been identified. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the neuronal cell death are unresolved. Morphological, biochemical, genetic, as well as cell and animal model studies reveal that mitochondria could have roles in this @entity2 . The functions and properties of mitochondria might render subsets of selectively vulnerable neurons intrinsically susceptible to cellular aging and stress and overlying genetic variations, triggering @entity2 according to a cell death matrix theory. In @entity4 , alterations in enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial binding of Ab and amyloid precursor protein have been reported. In @entity3 , mutations in putative mitochondrial proteins have been identified and mitochondrial DNA mutations have been found in neurons in the substantia nigra. In @entity6 , changes occur in mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and mitochondrial cell death proteins. Transgenic @entity1 models of @entity0 @entity2 are beginning to reveal possible principles governing the biology of selective neuronal vulnerability that implicate mitochondria and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This review summarizes how mitochondrial pathobiology might contribute to @entity5 in @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity6 and could serve as a target for drug therapy.

title: Mitochondrial and Cell Death Mechanisms in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different physical fitness levels [assessed by the maximal @entity1 uptake (VO2max) test] with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk factors in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 150 @entity4 @entity0 were assessed for @entity5 with a VO2max test and, based on this, were split in three groups using the 33rd (18.1 ml/kg/min) and 66th (22.4 ml/kg/min) centiles. Classical and novel @entity2 risk factors [blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, @entity3 , @entity6 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL), physical activity, CRP, fibrinogen and white cell count], 10-year @entity2 risk, disease activity (DAS28) and severity (HAQ) were assessed in all cases. RESULTS: Mean VO2max for all @entity4 @entity0 was 20.9 (s.d. 5.7) ml/kg/min. The 10-year @entity2 risk (P = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.039), HDL (P = 0.017), insulin resistance and body fat (both at P < 0.001), CRP (P = 0.005), white blood cell count (P = 0.015) and fibrinogen (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the VO2max tertiles favouring the group with the higher VO2max levels. In multivariate analyses of variance, VO2max was significantly associated with body fat (P < 0.001), HDL (P = 0.007), insulin resistance (P < 0.003) and 10-year @entity2 risk (P < 0.001), even after adjustment for DAS28, HAQ and physical activity. CONCLUSION: VO2max levels are alarmingly low in @entity4 @entity0 . Higher levels of VO2max are associated with a better cardiovascular profile in this population. Future studies need to focus on developing effective behavioural interventions to improve @entity5 in @entity4 .

title: XXXX levels and their association with cardiovascular profile in @entity0 with @entity4 : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different physical fitness levels [assessed by the maximal @entity1 uptake (VO2max) test] with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk factors in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 150 @entity4 @entity0 were assessed for @entity5 with a VO2max test and, based on this, were split in three groups using the 33rd (18.1 ml/kg/min) and 66th (22.4 ml/kg/min) centiles. Classical and novel @entity2 risk factors [blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, @entity3 , @entity6 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL), physical activity, CRP, fibrinogen and white cell count], 10-year @entity2 risk, disease activity (DAS28) and severity (HAQ) were assessed in all cases. RESULTS: Mean VO2max for all @entity4 @entity0 was 20.9 (s.d. 5.7) ml/kg/min. The 10-year @entity2 risk (P = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.039), HDL (P = 0.017), insulin resistance and body fat (both at P < 0.001), CRP (P = 0.005), white blood cell count (P = 0.015) and fibrinogen (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the VO2max tertiles favouring the group with the higher VO2max levels. In multivariate analyses of variance, VO2max was significantly associated with body fat (P < 0.001), HDL (P = 0.007), insulin resistance (P < 0.003) and 10-year @entity2 risk (P < 0.001), even after adjustment for DAS28, HAQ and physical activity. CONCLUSION: VO2max levels are alarmingly low in @entity4 @entity0 . Higher levels of VO2max are associated with a better cardiovascular profile in this population. Future studies need to focus on developing effective behavioural interventions to improve @entity5 in @entity4 .

title: @entity5 levels and their association with cardiovascular profile in @entity0 with XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity4