abstract: BACKGROUND: Until recently, @entity4 sedation was routinely used in our institution for bone marrow aspirates and lumbar punctures in @entity0 with @entity1 . It has been perceived by many doctors and nurses as being well tolerated by @entity0 and their families. AIM: To compare the efficacy of inhalational general anaesthesia and @entity4 sedation for these procedures. METHODS: A total of 96 @entity0 with @entity1 , who received either inhalational general anaesthesia with @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity2 (GA) or sedation with oral or nasal @entity4 (SED) as part of their routine preparation for procedures were studied. The experiences of these @entity0 were examined during their current procedure and during their first ever procedure. Main outcome measures were the degree of physical restraint used on the @entity0 , and the levels of distress and @entity3 experienced by the @entity0 during the current procedure and during the first procedure. The family's preference for future procedures was also determined. RESULTS: During 102 procedures under GA, restraint was needed on four occasions (4%) when the anaesthetic mask was first applied, minimal @entity3 was reported, and @entity0 were reported as distressed about 25% of the time. During 80 SED procedures, restraint was required in 94%, firm restraint was required in 66%, the @entity0 could not be restrained in 14%, median @entity3 score was 6 (scale 0 (no @entity3 ) to 6 (maximum @entity3 )), and 90% of the parents reported distress in their @entity0 . Ninety per cent of families wanted GA for future procedures. Many families reported dissatisfaction with the sedation regime and raised concerns about the restraint used on their @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This general anaesthetic regime minimised the need for restraint and was associated with low levels of @entity3 and distress. The sedation regime, by contrast, was much less effective. There was a significant disparity between the perceptions of health professionals and those of families with respect to how @entity0 coped with @entity3 .

title: General anaesthesia or conscious sedation for @entity3 in XXXX : the family's perspective.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study was carried out with an aim to perform a prospective study to establish the role of @entity1 (3  %) (STDS) as a safe and effective sclerosant in the management of primary hydrocele. Sclerotherapy was performed with 3  % STDS on an outdoor basis. The amount of sclerosant injected depended on the amount of fluid drained. All @entity0 were given prophylactic antibiotics. @entity0 were clinically reassessed at 1  week, 1  month, 3  months, and 6  months and earlier if complications occur. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 15.0. The data have been represented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare the data. A total of 57 @entity0 with primary vaginal hydrocele gave consent for being enrolled in the study. The age of @entity0 ranged from 18 to 65  years with a mean age of 35.72        13.18  years. The success rate at the end of the study was observed to be 84.2  %. As regards @entity0 satisfaction, in present study, in a limited time period of follow up, all the @entity0 who had a successful procedure were satisfied. Overall, sclerotherapy was observed to be a relatively cost-effective (including both direct and indirect costs) procedure with low complications, high satisfaction, and a high success rate within the limited period of follow-up.

title: Evaluation of the Role of XXXX as a Sclerosant in the Treatment of Primary Hydrocele.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The rectal sensitivity test evaluates the distension volume for which the initial transient sensation occurs on defecation (conscious rectal sensitivity threshold). The conscious rectal sensitivity threshold (S.S.R.C.) was performed on 10 normal controlled subjects and 103 @entity0 with chronic @entity1 , functional megarectum and normal rectoanal inhibitory reflex. @entity0 were between 5 and 14 years old. S.S.R.C. was increased in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 . @entity2 was proportionally increased with relation to S.S.R.C. increase. A therapeutical protocol was applied in all @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 are still being treated: 87 obtained a normal function within 8 to 23 months of treatment; in one case the treatment was unsuccessful. The period of treatment was proportional to S.S.R.C. increase. Physiopathological background of a correct management is discussed.

title: [Value of rectal sensitivity test in chronic childhood XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: For the diagnosis of various aspects of disease and diseased @entity0 , several methods have been described in the Ayurvedic texts. These can be broadly classified into Roga and Rogi Pariksha. Several methods of Roga-Rogi Pariksha such as Ashtasthana, Dashavidha, Dvadashavidha Pariksha are described. Mutra Pariksha was the main laboratory investigative tools in the past and it is included under Ashtasthana, Pariksha. There is no direct description of methodology to ascertain the prognosis of @entity1 in the Ayurvedic classics. Taila Bindu Pariksha, which is a part of Mutra Pariksha helps in assessing the prognosis of a disease. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) had developed the scale to ascertain prognosis of @entity1 in 1955. These ECOG performance scale gives doctors and research scholars a scale with which they can quickly assess the functional capacity of a @entity0 and the progress of disease. AIM: To evaluate the prognosis of @entity1 by Taila Bindu Pariksha and compare the results with ECOG scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pilot study was undertaken on a single group of 20 @entity1 @entity0 which are advised radio or chemotherapy for further management. The urine samples collected from the @entity0 were subjected to Taila Bindu Pariksha. The ECOG scale was also assessed and compared with shape and direction of spread. RESULT: In majority of the @entity0 , the correlation was found statistically highly significant. CONCLUSION: Taila Bindu Pariksha may be used as an alternative method to ascertain the prognosis of the @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Assessment of prognostic aspects of XXXX by Taila Bindu Pariksha.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine whether ribonucleases (RNases) contribute to the soluble @entity0 inhibitory activity that results from the recognition of HLA alloantigens. DESIGN AND METHODS: Supernatants from mixed lymphocyte reactions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy HLA-discordant individuals exhibited @entity0 inhibitory activity (alloantigen-stimulated factors; @entity3 ). These supernatants were tested for their sensitivity to heating (90 degrees C for 3 min), and for the presence of three RNases belonging to the @entity2 superfamily: @entity1 ( @entity1 ); @entity2 ; and angiogenin. Polyclonal antibodies specific for these RNases were used for Western blot analysis of the @entity3 , as well as for blocking the @entity0 inhibitory activity of @entity3 . In addition, an RNase inhibitor (RI) was used to determine whether the anti-viral activity of @entity3 was due to RNase activity. RESULTS: @entity0 inhibitory activity of @entity3 was: (i). resistant to heat treatment; (ii). blocked by 58% with an antibody specific for @entity1 , but not with antibodies against @entity2 or angiogenin; and (iii) blocked by 65-100% with an RI. Moreover, Western blot analysis with an anti- @entity1 antibody detected @entity1 in the @entity3 . CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the majority of the soluble @entity0 inhibitory activity contained in the supernatants of mixed lymphocyte reactions is due to @entity1 or a closely related RNase.

title: Ribonuclease is partly responsible for the XXXX inhibitory effect activated by HLA alloantigen recognition.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This paper reports our experience with a new over-the-scope @entity6 in the setting of recurrent @entity2 . We treated five @entity0 with the over-the-scope Padlock @entity6   . It is a @entity5 ring, with six inner needles preassembled on an applicator cap, thumb press displaced by the Lock-It    delivery system. The trigger wire is located alongside the shaft of the endoscope, and does not require the working channel. Three @entity0 had recurrent @entity2 ( @entity2 rectal ulcer, post polypectomy delayed @entity2 and duodenal @entity1 ) and two @entity0 had a persistent @entity4 . In all @entity0 a previous endoscopic attempt with standard techniques had been useless. All procedures were conducted under conscious sedation but for one @entity0 that required general anaesthesia due to multiple comorbidities. We used one Padlock @entity6    for each @entity0 in a single session. Simple suction was enough in all of our @entity0 to obtain tissue adhesion to the instrument tip. A remarkably short application time was recorded for all cases (mean duration of the procedure: 8 min). We obtained technical and immediate clinical success for every @entity0 . No major immediate, early or late (within 24 h, 7 d or 4 wk) adverse events were observed, over follow-up durations lasting a mean of 109.4 d. One @entity0 , treated for duodenal bulb @entity2 from a @entity1 , developed signs of mild @entity3 24 h after the procedure. The new over-the-scope Padlock @entity6    seems to be simple to use and effective in different clinical settings, particularly in "difficult" scenarios, like recurrent @entity2 and @entity4 .

title: Novel endoscopic over-the-scope XXXX system.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of two laser wavelengths and fiber types in endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of saphenous varicose veins of the lower limb. DESIGN: Multi-center prospective randomized non-blind clinical trial. @entity0 AND METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2011, 113 @entity0 (113 limbs) with primary varicose veins were randomized into two groups. They were treated with radial 2ring fiber and 1470 nm laser in Group I (57 limbs) and bare- @entity5 fiber and 980 nm laser in Group E (56 limbs) in order to ablate the saphenous vein. @entity4 rates at 12 weeks and @entity1 in treated region were recorded as primary endpoint. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for assessment of @entity1 , rates of @entity3 , complications and equipment failure were recorded as secondary endpoint of safety. RESULTS: Occlusion rates at 12 weeks were 100% in both groups. Rates of @entity1 (0% vs. 25.0%) and @entity3 (7.0% vs. 57.1%) were significantly lower in Group I (p <0.0001). VAS of @entity1 was significantly lower on postoperative day 1, day 5 and 2nd week in Group I. CONCLUSION: Treatment of saphenous varicose veins by EVLA using a 1470 nm laser and a radial 2ring fiber resulted in comparable occlusion rates at 12 weeks and less @entity2 and @entity3 than EVLA with a 980 nm laser and a bare- @entity5 fiber. (This article is a translation of Jpn J Vasc Surg 2014; 23: 964-971.).

title: Comparison of 1470 nm Laser and Radial 2ring Fiber with 980 nm Laser and Bare- XXXX Fiber in Endovenous Laser Ablation of Saphenous Varicose Veins: A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Non-Blind Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Data on @entity2 in renal transplant recipients are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study in nine transplant centers of consecutive kidney transplant recipients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for @entity5 from 2000 to 2008. RESULTS: Of 6,819 kidney transplant recipients, 452 (6.6%) required ICU admission, including 200 admitted for @entity5 . Fifteen (7.5%) of these @entity0 had combined kidney-pancreas transplantations. The most common causes of @entity5 were @entity6 (35.5%), @entity8 (24.5%) and extrapulmonary @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (15.5%). @entity9 occurred in 11.5% of @entity0 . Mechanical ventilation was used in 93 @entity0 (46.5%), vasopressors were used in 82 @entity0 (41%) and dialysis was administered in 104 @entity0 (52%). Both the in-hospital and 90-day mortality rates were 22.5%. Among the 155 day 90 survivors, 115 @entity0 (74.2%) were dialysis-free, including 75 @entity0 (65.2%) who recovered prior renal function. Factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality were shock at admission (odds ratio (OR) 8.70, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.25 to 23.29), opportunistic @entity3 (OR 7.08, 95% CI 2.32 to 21.60) and @entity7 (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.96). Five factors were independently associated with day 90 dialysis-free survival: renal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on day 1 (OR 0.68/SOFA point, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.88), @entity7 (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.90), three or four quadrants involved on chest X-ray (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.91), time from hospital to ICU admission (OR 0.98/day, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99) and @entity1 flow at admission (OR 0.93/liter, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In kidney transplant recipients, @entity5 is associated with high mortality and graft loss rates. Increased @entity10 and bacterial prophylaxis might improve these outcomes. Early ICU admission might prevent graft loss.

title: XXXX in kidney transplant recipients: a multicenter study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nurses working in @entity1 hospitals and wards are prone to encounter completed suicides. The research was conducted to examine post-suicide stress in nurses and the availability of suicide-related mental health care services and education. METHODS: Experiences with inpatient suicide were investigated using an anonymous, self-reported questionnaire, which was, along with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, administered to 531 @entity1 nurses. RESULTS: The rate of nurses who had encountered @entity0 suicide was 55.0%. The mean Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) score was 11.4. The proportion of respondents at a high risk (>=  25 on the 88-point IES-R score) for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was 13.7%. However, only 15.8% of respondents indicated that they had access to post-suicide mental health care programmes. The survey also revealed a low rate of nurses who reported attending in-hospital seminars on suicide prevention or mental health care for nurses (26.4% and 12.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that nurses exposed to inpatient suicide suffer significant @entity3 . However, the low availability of systematic post-suicide mental health care programmes for such nurses and the lack of suicide-related education initiatives and mental health care for nurses are problematic. The situation is likely related to the fact that there are no formal systems in place for identifying and evaluating the psychological effects of @entity0 suicide in nurses and to the pressures stemming from the public perception of nurses as suppliers rather than recipients of health care.

title: The impact of inpatient suicide on XXXX nurses and their need for support.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) on corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphology after trabeculectomy. METHODS: In this prospective comparative case series, 31 eyes with @entity0 underwent trabeculectomy with (group I), or without (group II) @entity2 . Specular microscopy was performed pre-, and postoperatively at months 1 and 3. Outcome measures included central corneal endothelial cell count and coefficient of variation (CV) of cell size. RESULTS: Overall, mean preoperative ECD was 2,135.8    397.6 cells/mm(2); corresponding values at postoperative months 1 and 3 were 2,019.6    447.2 cells/mm(2), and 1,991.4    425.5 cells/mm(2), respectively (P > 0.05). Cell loss from month 1 to 3 was 1.3 % (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in endothelial cell loss at month 1 (P = 0.048) and month 3 (P = 0.014) between the @entity2 and control groups with no significant difference between the two groups in terms of cell loss from months 1 to 3, postoperatively (P = 0.968). Overall, mean pre-and postoperative CVs at months 1 and 3 were 27.38    4.55, 27.96    4.26, and 28.35    4.47, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between preoperative central endothelial cell density (CECD) and @entity2 related cell loss. CONCLUSION: @entity2 application in trabeculectomy seems to cause a small but significant corneal endothelial loss. Most of the damage occurs intraoperatively, or in the early postoperative period, however progressive endothelial cell loss is not a major concern.

title: Effect of XXXX Augmented Trabeculectomy on Corneal Endothelial Cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection with @entity2 (Mb) predominantly causes cervical @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Raw milk is considered the main source of @entity4 and raw milk is a major food source for @entity5 pastoralists. The aim of this study was to assess @entity5 pastoralists' knowledge concerning cervical @entity3 and its treatment. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey involving 818 interviewees was conducted in two districts of the @entity5 Region, Ethiopia. In addition, two @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were conducted in each of the study areas, one with @entity0 and the other with @entity0 . RESULTS: Of the 818 interviewees [357 (43.6%) females and 461 (56.4%) males], 742 (90.7%) reported that they had knowledge of cervical @entity3 , mentioning that swelling(s) on the neck resulting in a lesion and scar are common symptoms. However, only 11 (1.5%) individuals mentioned that bacteria or germs are the causative agents of @entity3 . Three interviewees and a male discussant mentioned drinking raw milk as the cause of @entity3 . A considerable proportion (34.2%) of the interviewees and almost all the discussants suggested herbal medicine as an effective treatment. Male study @entity0 were 1.82 times more likely to have overall knowledge of @entity3 than female study @entity0 (adjusted OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.51, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The pastoral community members in the study areas had little biomedical knowledge of the cause, the source of infection and the transmission route of cervical @entity3 . Furthermore, most community members believed that herbal medicines are the most effective treatment for @entity3 . Therefore, TB control programs in the @entity5 Region require the incorporation of public health education introducing current biomedical knowledge of the disease. In addition, further studies are important to elucidate which medicinal plants are used by @entity5 pastoralists to treat @entity3 .

title: Knowledge of cervical tuberculosis lymphadenitis and its treatment in pastoral communities of the XXXX region, Ethiopia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is a popular and classic herb in traditional Chineses medicines. The objective is to confirm the effects of aqueous extract of S. miltiorrhiza (ESM) and its main ingredient on the promotion of orthodontic tooth movement and healing of periodontal ligament in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity0 (n= 150) were divided into five groups: model control group (0.5 ml/kg @entity1 -buffered saline (PBS) injection), ESM group (0.75 g/kg/day of crude drugs) and Danshensu subgroups (250, 500, 750 mg/kg/day of body weight). All @entity0 were administered intramuscularly into the buccal vestibular mucosa of first molar of left maxillary. The indicators such as the moving distance of orthodontic tooth, nuclear factor kB ligand ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) expression and osteoclasts were tested. RESULTS: The expressions of @entity2 and @entity3 in the treatment groups were obviously enhanced compared with control group (P<0.05). The increase rate of @entity3 expression was slower than that of @entity2 . But, @entity2 decreased conspicuously after no orthodontic pressure was applied, especially in the treatment groups (Danshengsu high dose group at day 30: 2.17 versus 3.47 of control, P<0.01). ESM groups promoted osteoclasts proliferation in the first 20 days. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between @entity2 / @entity3 ratio and the number of osteoclasts. ESM might accelerate periodontal alteration of @entity0 orthodontic tooth via producing more osteoclasts.

title: The effects of dried root aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its major ingredient in acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Describe morbidity and survival in @entity0 older than 80 years with muscle invasive @entity2 (MIBC) treated with radical cystectomy (RC) or transurethral resection (TUR) in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed our database of all @entity0 older than 80 years treated with RC and TUR for MIBC between 1993 and 2005 in our institution. Twenty-seven @entity0 were submitted to RC, with mean age of 82 years and mean follow-up of 16.4 months. RC was carried out following diagnosis of previous MIBC in 14 cases (51.9%). The American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score was III or IV in 23 @entity0 (85.1%). Seventy-two @entity0 with a mean age of 84 years and mean follow-up of 33 months, diagnosed with MIBC, were managed by means of TUR. The ASA score was III-IV in 64 (88.8%) @entity0 . RESULTS: Pathological stage of the RC specimen was pT3 in 18 cases (66.7%). Mean hospital stay was 16 days. Early complications were assessed in 8 @entity0 (29.6%), with an overall survival (OS) of 42.94%, and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of 60.54%. In @entity0 submitted to TUR, clinical stage was T2 in 36 cases (50%). The mean hospital stay was 7 days, with a readmission rate (RR) of 87.5%. OS and @entity1 was less than 20%. CONCLUSIONS: RC in octogenarian @entity0 is a safe procedure, with complication and survival rates comparable to RC series in general population. Transurethral resection (TUR) for @entity0 with MIBC within this age range is a much less morbid procedure, but disease specific survival is lower.

title: XXXX in the eighties: transurethral resection or cystectomy?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) represent a major cause of morbidity in pediatric surgical @entity0 . The pathogenesis is still largely unknown. A possible role could be played by @entity7 ( @entity7 ) accidentally contaminating the operative field during surgery. We report a histologic study of @entity2 in a @entity1 model and in @entity0 , investigating the role of @entity7 in their formation. @entity3 were studied in 18 @entity1 . In 6 (group A) we performed a laparotomy and rubbed the visceral and parietal peritoneum with a @entity6 bud. In 6 (group B) we performed a minimal laparotomy and injected powdered autologous and heterologous material into the peritoneal cavity, avoiding any peritoneal abrasions. In 6 (group C) we performed a laparotomy and applied both treatment methods, i.e., rubbing and injection of @entity7 . After 1 month, at autopsy @entity1 were classified according to the presence and grade of surgical adhesions. Twenty-two @entity2 were also collected from seven @entity0 undergoing abdominal surgery in whom one or more procedures had been previously performed. The adhesions were stained with @entity4 - @entity5 and Giemsa stains for histologic examination. Adhesions were found in 4 @entity1 of group A and all 6 @entity1 of group C. None were identified in group B. Group C @entity1 showed a higher grade of adhesions with respect to group A. In both @entity0 and animals @entity2 were always found to coexist with microscopic particles of solid substances, which were incorporated inside the connective tissue. However, after simple injection of @entity7 into the abdominal cavity we did not observe any @entity2 . These data suggest that two different stimuli are necessary for adhesion formation: a direct lesion of the mesothelial layers and a solid substrate ( @entity7 ). We underline the importance of reducing contamination with @entity7 during surgery. On the basis of these considerations, the laparoscopic approach seems to be particularly pertinent.

title: Histologic study of peritoneal adhesions in XXXX and in a @entity1 model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) represent a major cause of morbidity in pediatric surgical @entity0 . The pathogenesis is still largely unknown. A possible role could be played by @entity7 ( @entity7 ) accidentally contaminating the operative field during surgery. We report a histologic study of @entity2 in a @entity1 model and in @entity0 , investigating the role of @entity7 in their formation. @entity3 were studied in 18 @entity1 . In 6 (group A) we performed a laparotomy and rubbed the visceral and parietal peritoneum with a @entity6 bud. In 6 (group B) we performed a minimal laparotomy and injected powdered autologous and heterologous material into the peritoneal cavity, avoiding any peritoneal abrasions. In 6 (group C) we performed a laparotomy and applied both treatment methods, i.e., rubbing and injection of @entity7 . After 1 month, at autopsy @entity1 were classified according to the presence and grade of surgical adhesions. Twenty-two @entity2 were also collected from seven @entity0 undergoing abdominal surgery in whom one or more procedures had been previously performed. The adhesions were stained with @entity4 - @entity5 and Giemsa stains for histologic examination. Adhesions were found in 4 @entity1 of group A and all 6 @entity1 of group C. None were identified in group B. Group C @entity1 showed a higher grade of adhesions with respect to group A. In both @entity0 and animals @entity2 were always found to coexist with microscopic particles of solid substances, which were incorporated inside the connective tissue. However, after simple injection of @entity7 into the abdominal cavity we did not observe any @entity2 . These data suggest that two different stimuli are necessary for adhesion formation: a direct lesion of the mesothelial layers and a solid substrate ( @entity7 ). We underline the importance of reducing contamination with @entity7 during surgery. On the basis of these considerations, the laparoscopic approach seems to be particularly pertinent.

title: Histologic study of peritoneal adhesions in @entity0 and in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate CT findings of phytobezoar associated with @entity1 . We evaluated abdominal CT of 19 @entity0 with phytobezoar. Abdominal CT of 6 @entity0 with small bowel feces was included for the comparison. On CT we analyzed morphological features of phytobezoars such as location, number, size, shape, and the presence or absence of an encapsulating wall. The sites of the phytobezoar were in the jejunum in 12 @entity0 (63%) and the ileum in 7 (37%). The phytobezoars were single in number in 13 @entity0 (68%) and multiple in 6 (32%). The mean short- and long-axis diameters of the phytobezoars measured 3.2 cm (range 2.1-5.2 cm) and 5.2 cm (range 2.2-11.0 cm), respectively. The phytobezoars were ovoid in 9 @entity0 , round in 6, and tubular in 4. On CT, phytobezoars appeared as gas-containing masses in 17 @entity0 (89%) and as a solid mass without gas in the remaining 2 @entity0 (11%). An encapsulating wall was noted in 6 @entity0 (32%). Small bowel feces were much more tubular in shape but did not have encapsulating wall on CT. The CT imaging is useful in making the diagnosis of phytobezoar associated with @entity1 .

title: CT findings of phytobezoar associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Genetic etiology in suggested in @entity4 . Such hypothesis is supported on familial aggregation, ocurrence in identical twins or associated to @entity2 like adult @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To identify biological features in @entity5 different to sporadic ones. @entity0 AND METHODS: Camag ey province is one of the most ancient in Cuba. Motionless population at the beginning had its sources in Spanish and African @entity0 . It has 800,000 inhabitants. 497 @entity0 with @entity4 were operated at Manuel Ascunce Domenech Hospital between January 1982 and August 2001. We identified 15 families with @entity4 . RESULTS: 31 @entity0 were operated on of 42 intracranial sacs at the carotid territory. There were 34% of multiplicity ant three mirror @entity5 . Three @entity0 (9.7 %) have adult @entity1 . 87 % of @entity0 present @entity8 and mortality was 32 %. This last figure was related to poor admission clinical grade. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of @entity5 was 6.2% @entity7 , @entity5 between twins associated with @entity2 , early age @entity3 , high frequency between @entity0 , posterior communicating and middle cerebral artery bifurcation preference, mirror @entity5 and high general mortality associated to massive @entity6 identified this clusters of @entity5 and would justify imaginological screening of high risk @entity0 before the @entity3 .

title: [Familial XXXX in Camag  ey].

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is defined as the difficulty to find one s way in familiar surroundings. It can be due to an @entity8 or agnostic like defect, which is known as topographic @entity8 or @entity4 . This disorder can give rise to disability in the life of the @entity0 and may well go undetected unless a suitable neuropsychological study is conducted. CASE REPORTS: We report the cases of two @entity0 with @entity5 in the territory of the right posterior cerebral artery who began with @entity6 and @entity3 . One of the cases was due to a @entity7 and the other was caused by errors in @entity4 . The battery of tests for studying @entity4 VOSP was administered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 are often associated with @entity3 , especially when it is the right hemisphere that is injured. It is important to detect this alteration, which makes the @entity0 totally dependent on others even in his or her own home. The appearance of an @entity8 or agnostic @entity3 can be related with @entity1 affecting one of the two systems that play a part in the processing of visual data. A guided neuropsychological study can provide us with a great deal of information about the @entity1 presented by the @entity0 .

title: [ @entity3 associated with XXXX in the territory of the right posterior cerebral artery].

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is defined as the difficulty to find one s way in familiar surroundings. It can be due to an @entity8 or agnostic like defect, which is known as topographic @entity8 or @entity4 . This disorder can give rise to disability in the life of the @entity0 and may well go undetected unless a suitable neuropsychological study is conducted. CASE REPORTS: We report the cases of two @entity0 with @entity5 in the territory of the right posterior cerebral artery who began with @entity6 and @entity3 . One of the cases was due to a @entity7 and the other was caused by errors in @entity4 . The battery of tests for studying @entity4 VOSP was administered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 are often associated with @entity3 , especially when it is the right hemisphere that is injured. It is important to detect this alteration, which makes the @entity0 totally dependent on others even in his or her own home. The appearance of an @entity8 or agnostic @entity3 can be related with @entity1 affecting one of the two systems that play a part in the processing of visual data. A guided neuropsychological study can provide us with a great deal of information about the @entity1 presented by the @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX associated with @entity5 in the territory of the right posterior cerebral artery].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Since July, 1999, a 66 year-old @entity0 had been complaining of dry cough. He noticed submandibular swelling, @entity5 and @entity4 . Keratoconjuctivitis sicca was detected by an ophthalmologist. @entity1 was diagnosed based on microscopic findings of a labial salivary gland biopsy although anti- @entity8 and anti- @entity7 antibodies were negative. @entity6 (IgG 3916 mg/dl) and @entity9 were pointed out. Swelling of mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes was detected together with enlargement of salivary and lacrimal glands. We suspected the existence of @entity3 , but a biopsy of lacrimal glands showed only lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration and immunohistochemical analysis denied monoclonality of lymphoid line. An administration of @entity2 caused rapid diminution in size of lacrimal and submandibular glands and lymph nodes. Clinical symptoms were also improved, but IgA-M proteinemia remains. The characteristics of our case were enlargement of lacrimal glands, the negativity of anti @entity8 and @entity7 antibodies, atypical onset and @entity10 . We discussed about these characteristics of @entity1 in our case.

title: [A case of XXXX with marked @entity5 , atypical onset and @entity9 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Since July, 1999, a 66 year-old @entity0 had been complaining of dry cough. He noticed submandibular swelling, @entity5 and @entity4 . Keratoconjuctivitis sicca was detected by an ophthalmologist. @entity1 was diagnosed based on microscopic findings of a labial salivary gland biopsy although anti- @entity8 and anti- @entity7 antibodies were negative. @entity6 (IgG 3916 mg/dl) and @entity9 were pointed out. Swelling of mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes was detected together with enlargement of salivary and lacrimal glands. We suspected the existence of @entity3 , but a biopsy of lacrimal glands showed only lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration and immunohistochemical analysis denied monoclonality of lymphoid line. An administration of @entity2 caused rapid diminution in size of lacrimal and submandibular glands and lymph nodes. Clinical symptoms were also improved, but IgA-M proteinemia remains. The characteristics of our case were enlargement of lacrimal glands, the negativity of anti @entity8 and @entity7 antibodies, atypical onset and @entity10 . We discussed about these characteristics of @entity1 in our case.

title: [A case of @entity1 with marked @entity5 , atypical onset and XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: Since July, 1999, a 66 year-old @entity0 had been complaining of dry cough. He noticed submandibular swelling, @entity5 and @entity4 . Keratoconjuctivitis sicca was detected by an ophthalmologist. @entity1 was diagnosed based on microscopic findings of a labial salivary gland biopsy although anti- @entity8 and anti- @entity7 antibodies were negative. @entity6 (IgG 3916 mg/dl) and @entity9 were pointed out. Swelling of mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes was detected together with enlargement of salivary and lacrimal glands. We suspected the existence of @entity3 , but a biopsy of lacrimal glands showed only lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration and immunohistochemical analysis denied monoclonality of lymphoid line. An administration of @entity2 caused rapid diminution in size of lacrimal and submandibular glands and lymph nodes. Clinical symptoms were also improved, but IgA-M proteinemia remains. The characteristics of our case were enlargement of lacrimal glands, the negativity of anti @entity8 and @entity7 antibodies, atypical onset and @entity10 . We discussed about these characteristics of @entity1 in our case.

title: [A case of @entity1 with marked XXXX , atypical onset and @entity9 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 undergoing surgical resection of medial frontal lesions may present transient @entity2 that remain largely unpredictable. OBJECTIVE: To relate the occurrence of this speech deficit to the specific surgical lesion of the supplementary motor area ( @entity4 ) involved during language tasks using fMRI. METHODS: Twelve @entity0 were studied using a verbal fluency task before resection of a @entity1 of the medial frontal lobe and compared with six healthy subjects. Pre- and postoperative MR variables including the hemispheric dominance for language, the extent of @entity4 removal, and the volume of resection were compared to the clinical outcome. RESULTS: Following surgery, 6 of 12 @entity0 presented @entity3 . The deficit was similar across @entity0 , consisting of a global reduction in spontaneous speech, ranging from a complete mutism to a less severe speech reduction, which recovered within a few weeks or months. The occurrence of the deficit was related to the resection of the activation in the @entity4 of the dominant hemisphere for language (p < 0.01). Increased activation in the @entity4 of the healthy hemisphere on the preoperative fMRI was observed in @entity0 with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: fMRI is able to identify the area at risk in the @entity4 , of which resection is related to the occurrence of characteristic transient @entity2 . Increased @entity4 activation in the healthy hemisphere suggested that a plastic change of @entity4 function occurred in these @entity0 .

title: XXXX after medial frontal surgery: role of the supplementary motor area.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We studied the effects of robotic-assisted locomotor (LOKOMAT) training or an anti-spastic medication ( @entity5 ) on @entity4 associated with @entity1 in @entity0 with incomplete @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Subjects were randomly divided to three groups: Lok, Tiz, and Cont. LOKOMAT training was performed 3 days/week for 4 weeks, with up to 45 minutes of training per session. @entity5 (2mg) was administered (4\day), for 4 weeks. Subjects in Cont group received no intervention. The @entity0 were evaluated before and after 4 weeks of training, and the effects of training on the intrinsic (muscular) and reflexive components of the neuromuscular properties were quantified over the ankle range-of-motion. A parallel-cascade system identification technique was used to determine the reflex and intrinsic stiffness of the ankle joint as a function of ankle position at each time point. The intercept and slope of the stiffness vs. joint angle curve were then calculated and tracked over the four-week period. The number of subjects that achieved the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for the intercepts and slopes, and levels of changes were compared. Both Lokomat and @entity5 resulted in significant reduction in both intercept and slope of reflex and intrinsic stiffness. However, a higher proportion of subjects in Lok group achieved the @entity3 for the reflex (>90%) and intrinsic (65-78%) parameters compared with Tiz group (up to 63% and 25% for reflex and intrinsic parameters, respectively). The levels of reduction were also higher in the Lok than the Tiz group. No one in the Cont group achieved the @entity3 . Our findings demonstrate that LOKOMAT training can be more efficient in modifying @entity4 associated with @entity1 than @entity5 .

title: Comparison between the therapeutic effects of robotic-assisted locomotor training and an anti-spastic medication on XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The genetic mechanisms underlying the developmental and functional specification of brainstem projection neurons are poorly understood. Here, we use transgenic @entity0 tools to investigate the role of the gene @entity2 in the developmental patterning of vestibular projection neurons, with particular focus on the lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST). The LVST is the principal pathway that conveys vestibular information to limb-related spinal motor circuits and arose early during vertebrate evolution. We show that the segmental hindbrain expression domain uniquely defined by the rhombomere 4 (r4) @entity2 enhancer is the origin of essentially all LVST neurons, but also gives rise to subpopulations of contralateral medial vestibulospinal tract (cMVST) neurons, vestibulo-ocular neurons, and @entity1 . In newborn @entity0 homozygous for a @entity2 -null mutation, the r4-derived LVST and cMVST subpopulations fail to form and the r4-derived RS neurons are depleted. Several general motor skills appear unimpaired, but hindlimb vestibulospinal reflexes, which are mediated by the LVST, are greatly reduced. This functional deficit recovers, however, during the second postnatal week, indicating a substantial compensation for the missing LVST. Despite the compensatory plasticity in balance, adult @entity2 -null @entity0 exhibit other behavioral deficits that manifest particularly in proprioception and interlimb coordination during locomotor tasks. Our results provide a comprehensive account of the developmental role of @entity2 in patterning the vestibular system and evidence for a remarkable developmental plasticity in the descending control of reflex limb movements. They also suggest an involvement of the lateral vestibulospinal tract in proprioception and in ensuring limb alternation generated by locomotor circuitry.

title: Loss of Projections, Functional Compensation, and Residual Deficits in the Mammalian Vestibulospinal System of Hoxb1-Deficient XXXX (1,2,3).

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: As nonfatal firearm-related injuries continue to increase, calculating the financial cost these injuries have on an urban @entity1 center may help justify funding for intervention programs. The impact these injuries have on orthopedic resident education may lead to changes in the training of some urban-based programs. This is a retrospective review of @entity0 with an acute firearm-related injury from 2007 to 2013 at Louisiana State University Interim Public Hospital in New Orleans, Louisiana. All @entity0 with a diagnosis of an acute gunshot wound on presentation to the emergency department were included in the study. @entity0 with complications from a previous gunshot wound or treatment of that wound were excluded. A total of 3617 @entity0 encounters were identified that met this criteria. The total amount billed by the hospital over the study period was  141,995,682 while collecting  30,922,953. The actual hospital costs from these encounters was  73,572,892, giving the hospital a loss of  42,649,938. Of the 3617 @entity0 encounters, 59% required orthopedic consultation. Of that consultation group, 25% required inpatient orthopedic surgical intervention. Acute gunshot wounds accounted for 23% of orthopedic @entity1 consultations and 13% of the orthopedic daily census. The financial data provide justification from an economic perspective for funding intervention programs aimed at decreasing firearm-related injury. In addition, the proportion of orthopedic surgical training spent on firearm-related injury provides program directors of urban-based programs with valuable information, although no conclusions can be drawn as to the effect on orthopedic surgical education. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(1):e57-e61.].

title: Economic and Educational Impact of Firearm-Related Injury on an Urban XXXX Center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a rare @entity2 for which data on risk factors, incidence, and survival are limited. OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to establish a comprehensive report on the incidence of and survival from primary @entity1 . METHODS: The authors used data from the 18 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program from 2000 to 2010. RESULTS: Overall incidence was 4.1 per million @entity0 -years and steady over the decade. Trunk was the most common anatomic site except in older @entity0 . Incidence among @entity0 was 1.14 times higher than @entity0 (95% confidence interval [CI] of rate ratio: 1.07-1.22). Incidence among blacks was almost 2 times the rate among whites (95% CI of rate ratio: 1.8-2.1). Ten-year relative survival of @entity1 was 99.1% (95% CI: 97.6-99.7). Increased age, male sex, black race, and anatomic location of the limbs and head as compared with the trunk were associated with higher all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION: This is the largest population-based study of @entity1 derived from a cohort of almost 7,000 @entity0 . The epidemiologic profile of @entity1 differs from most @entity3 . Incidence is stable and highest among @entity0 and blacks. Worse survival is associated with increased age, male sex, black race, and anatomic location of the limbs and head.

title: Incidence and Survival of Primary XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Therapeutic practices have evolved over the past 15 years, but effects on @entity2 of @entity4 are unknown. We evaluated trends in hospitalizations for severe and @entity5 in a population-based @entity4 study. METHODS: Data derive from the 2000 to 2011 United States National Inpatient Sample, including individuals who met a validated administrative definition of @entity4 . Primary outcomes were diagnoses of @entity6 , @entity1 , opportunistic @entity3 , @entity7 , or @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We used Poisson regression to determine whether infection rates were changing in @entity4 hospitalizations and used predictive marginals to generate annual adjusted rates of specific infections. RESULTS: We identified 361,337 @entity4 hospitalizations from 2000 to 2011 meeting study inclusion criteria. Compared to non- @entity4 hospitalizations, @entity4 @entity0 were younger (51 vs. 62 years), predominantly female (89% vs. 54%), and more likely to be racial/ethnic minorities. @entity4 diagnosis was significantly associated with all measured severe and @entity5 . From 2000 to 2011, adjusted @entity4 hospitalization rates for herpes zoster increased more than non- @entity4 rates: 54 to 79 per 10,000 @entity4 hospitalizations compared with 24 to 29 per 10,000 non- @entity4 hospitalizations. Conversely, @entity4 hospitalizations for @entity8 disproportionately decreased: 5.1 to 2.5 per 10,000 @entity4 hospitalizations compared with 0.9 to 1.3 per 10,000 non- @entity4 hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity0 with @entity4 , herpes zoster hospitalizations are rising while @entity8 hospitalizations are declining. These trends likely reflect evolving @entity4 treatment strategies. Further research is needed to identify @entity0 at greatest risk for @entity2 .

title: National Lupus Hospitalization Trends Reveal Rising Rates of Herpes Zoster and Declines in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: A small percentage of @entity0 suitable for radical surgery require us to introduce alternative palliative methods prolonging the good quality of life in @entity0 with @entity3 . Apart from thermoablation or cryo-ablation, one of the alternative methods with palliative influence on @entity1 is the chemoembolization of @entity1 . A group of 18 @entity0 , who underwent chemo-embolization at the Surgical Clinic and Radiodiagnostic Clinic, Medical Faculty, Charles University in Pilsen from 2007 to 2008, were assessed from the point of view of complications, overall survival and the @entity0 ' life quality. The most common complication was temperature and @entity5 in the right infracostal area in connection with the performed procedure. The @entity0 ' quality of life after chemo-embolization was very good and the time of hospitalization was only 3.5 days on average. We had to perform the procedure repeatedly in 30% of cases. The chemo-embolization was done on inoperable liver metastases of @entity2 and on inoperable @entity4 (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 5).

title: Chemo-embolization of inoperable XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of laparoscopic appendectomy in the management of @entity2 remains unsettled with reports of a higher incidence of @entity1 . Most studies on laparoscopic appendectomy in @entity0 have been done in the Western population. This retrospective review has been done to compare laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy in @entity0 with @entity2 in Chittagong Medical Hospital, Bangladesh. Based on intention-to-treat analysis, there were 51 and 61 @entity0 in the laparoscopic and open appendectomy groups, respectively. Conversion from laparoscopy to open technique was done in six @entity0 . Distribution of age, gender and pathology of @entity3 was similar for the two groups. With laparoscopic appendectomy, the mean operative time was longer (112 vs 72 minutes, p-value is less than 0.005), while severe @entity4 (2.1 vs 21 percent, p-value is less than 0.05) and mean postoperative hospital stay (5.7 vs 7.4 days, p-value is less than 0.005) were significantly lower. The incidence of @entity1 (12 vs 11.5 percent) and @entity1 (20 vs 11.5 percent) were not significantly different (p-value is greater than 0.05). This review has confirmed that the longer the operating time, the lower the incidence of @entity4 and shorter the postoperative stay for laparoscopic appendectomy. There was no increased risk of @entity1 (Tab. 1, Fig. 15, Ref. 35). Full Text (Free, @entity5 ) www.bmj.sk.

title: Complicated appendectomy in XXXX in relation to laparoscopic vs open procedures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The factors that influence long-term outcomes after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are not well known. Compared with deceased-donor transplantation, LDLT has an increased likelihood of a related donor and a decreased number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches. To clarify the effects of donor relatedness and HLA mismatch on the outcomes after LDLT, we retrospectively analyzed 444 Japanese @entity0 . Donors were blood relatives for 332 @entity0 , spouses for 105, and "other" for 7. The number of HLA A-B-DR mismatches was none to two in 141, three in 123, and four to six in 106 @entity0 . The 15-year survival rate was 52.6%, and @entity3 recurred in 65 @entity0 . Recipient aged 61 years or older, HLA mismatches of four or more (maximum of six), graft:recipient weight ratio less than 0.8, and husband donor were adverse indicators of @entity0 survival. IgM 554   mg/dL or greater, donor-recipient sex mismatch, and initial immunosuppression with @entity1 were significant risks for @entity3 recurrence, which did not affect @entity0 survival. In subgroup analysis, conversion to @entity1 from @entity2 within 1 year diminished recurrence. Prospective studies are needed to determine the influence of pregnancy-associated sensitization and to establish an optimal immunosuppressive regimen in LDLT @entity0 .

title: Long-Term Outcomes of Living-Donor Liver Transplantation for XXXX : A Japanese Multicenter Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The condition of discharge of intraocular fluid (IOF), the value of systemic arterial pressure (AP), the condition of mean dynamic arterial pressure in the ocular artery (Pm.ophth.) an the perfusion ocular pressure (Pperf.) were examined in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). A decrease in the IOF discharge from 0.16 +/- 0.02 cu mm @entity1 mm Hg at the @entity2 initial stage to 0.11 +/- 0.01 cu mm @entity1 mm Hg at the @entity2 deteriorated stage was established. The value of decrease of the systemic AP within an interval of 100 to 116 mm Hg is observed in @entity0 with @entity2 by 6.9 times more often as compared to the controls (in 42.2% and 6.1% of cases, respectively). A reliable reduction of Pm.ophth. by 4.0 mm Hg and of Pperf.--by 4.9 mm Hg was found in @entity0 with @entity2 as compared with Pm.ophth. and Pperf. in the controls with the same systemic AP values; the deficit of the ocular volumetric blood flow reached 10.9%. The treatment of @entity2 @entity0 must be related with improving the IOF discharge, with reducing the genuine intraocular pressure (Po) to a tolerable level, and with increasing the systemic AP, Pm.ophth. and Pperf. to the mean statistically normal level.

title: [Condition of ocular blood supply in XXXX with primary open-angle glaucoma with normal pressure].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The contradictory results of earlier studies on the role of snuff in the aetiology of @entity0 may be due to the heterogeneous composition of snuff and to regional and cultural differences in its use. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of use of oral snuff in a @entity4 African adult population, and to report on associated oral lesions. A structured questionnaire was administered by means of face-to-face interviews with a population of 30 randomly selected households (125 adults over the age of 30 years). Of the respondents, 20.8% were active oral snuff-dippers and 80.8% of them had never visited a dentist before. There was no significant difference between the genders of the dippers (P > 0.05). The mean age of dippers was 62.7 years. None of the snuff-dippers chewed or smoked @entity3 , but 38.5% used @entity2 . Mean dipping period was 21.5 years, for about 2 hours per day and an average of 35 minutes per dip. Of the snuff-dippers, 84.6% place their snuff in the lower labial sulcus and 15.4% in the lower buccal sulcus, 80.8% of the dippers demonstrated @entity1 at the site of placement. The clinical severity of the lesions was significantly associated with the brand of snuff used (P < 0.01). The high prevalence of snuff dipping and associated lesion in many of the elderly that had never visited a dentist before highlights the importance of regular screening of this group at risk.

title: Prevalence and pattern of snuff dipping in a XXXX African population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is one of the best-known complications of @entity4 . @entity4 -induced @entity2 sometimes causes @entity3 with a high mortality. There is little published information regarding venous-artery mode extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A mode ECMO) to treat @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 . Here, we present four @entity0 who received this treatment. SUMMARY: We present four @entity0 of severe @entity2 secondary to severe @entity4 . All @entity0 suffered from @entity1 initially. In addition to primary resuscitation and the antithyroid drugs provided, ECMO was applied for temporally hemodynamic support. One @entity0 expired, and the other three @entity0 successfully recovered from @entity2 under the support of V-A mode ECMO. The thyroid function also returned to normal range. CONCLUSION: @entity0 experiencing @entity2 due to severe @entity4 should be admitted to intensive care unit for close hemodynamic monitor. In addition, mechanical circulatory support such as ECMO should be provided immediately once @entity3 occurs.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescues XXXX -related @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is one of the best-known complications of @entity4 . @entity4 -induced @entity2 sometimes causes @entity3 with a high mortality. There is little published information regarding venous-artery mode extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A mode ECMO) to treat @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 . Here, we present four @entity0 who received this treatment. SUMMARY: We present four @entity0 of severe @entity2 secondary to severe @entity4 . All @entity0 suffered from @entity1 initially. In addition to primary resuscitation and the antithyroid drugs provided, ECMO was applied for temporally hemodynamic support. One @entity0 expired, and the other three @entity0 successfully recovered from @entity2 under the support of V-A mode ECMO. The thyroid function also returned to normal range. CONCLUSION: @entity0 experiencing @entity2 due to severe @entity4 should be admitted to intensive care unit for close hemodynamic monitor. In addition, mechanical circulatory support such as ECMO should be provided immediately once @entity3 occurs.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescues @entity4 -related XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Medical and surgical admissions of @entity2 to Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow in the period 1980-1984 were reviewed. Admission numbers, which totalled 123, rose markedly over the period of the study, particularly in the final year. The mean age of addicts was 21 years. Ninety-two per cent abused heroin but many abused combinations of drugs. Inadvertent @entity6 overdosage was the commonest diagnosis amongst medical admissions followed by @entity4 . A small number of cases of @entity3 presented particular problems in diagnosis and management. The commonest reason for surgical admission was abscess formation. Whilst 85% of addicts showed markers of @entity1 with @entity5 , chronic carriage of surface antigen occurred in only 10%. Few addicts had withdrawal symptoms although the practice of @entity6 and/or tranquilliser prescribing varied. Many admissions were of short duration with 36% ending in @entity0 taking their own discharge. Only 16% of addicts were notified to the Home Office.

title: Admissions of XXXX to a general hospital: a retrospective study in the northern district of Glasgow.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the role of both protein kinase C (PKC)-b and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using respective inhibitors, @entity4 and @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3 cell lines, control cells, and a variety of archived @entity0 samples were used to determine the protein expression levels of PKC-b, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and p-AKT. Effects of @entity4 and @entity5 on phosphorylation status of key signaling molecules and viability of the @entity2 cells were determined. The common soil @entity1 , @entity1 , was treated with @entity4 to determine its suitability to screen for highly potent kinase inhibitors. RESULTS: PKC-b1, PKC-b2 and VEGFR-2/KDR were overexpressed in @entity3 cell lines and @entity0 tissues. @entity4 treatment resulted in significant loss in viability of VEGF induced cell proliferation; however, the effect of @entity5 was much less. @entity4 also dramatically decreased the phosphorylation of PKC-b, its downstream target p-AKT, and surprisingly, the upstream VEGFR-2. The combination of the two drugs at best was additive and similar results were obtained with respect to cell viability. Treatment of @entity1 with @entity4 resulted in clear phenotypic changes and the worms were hypermotile with abnormal pattern and shape of eggs, suggesting altered fecundity. CONCLUSIONS: PKC-b1 and VEGFR-2 are both excellent therapeutic targets in @entity3 . @entity4 was better at killing @entity3 cells than @entity5 and the combination lacked synergy. In addition, we show here that @entity1 can be used to screen for the next generation inhibitors as treatment with @entity4 resulted in clear phenotypic changes that could be assayed.

title: Role of protein kinase C b and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in @entity3 : Therapeutic implications and the usefulness of XXXX model organism.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the role of both protein kinase C (PKC)-b and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using respective inhibitors, @entity4 and @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3 cell lines, control cells, and a variety of archived @entity0 samples were used to determine the protein expression levels of PKC-b, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and p-AKT. Effects of @entity4 and @entity5 on phosphorylation status of key signaling molecules and viability of the @entity2 cells were determined. The common soil @entity1 , @entity1 , was treated with @entity4 to determine its suitability to screen for highly potent kinase inhibitors. RESULTS: PKC-b1, PKC-b2 and VEGFR-2/KDR were overexpressed in @entity3 cell lines and @entity0 tissues. @entity4 treatment resulted in significant loss in viability of VEGF induced cell proliferation; however, the effect of @entity5 was much less. @entity4 also dramatically decreased the phosphorylation of PKC-b, its downstream target p-AKT, and surprisingly, the upstream VEGFR-2. The combination of the two drugs at best was additive and similar results were obtained with respect to cell viability. Treatment of @entity1 with @entity4 resulted in clear phenotypic changes and the worms were hypermotile with abnormal pattern and shape of eggs, suggesting altered fecundity. CONCLUSIONS: PKC-b1 and VEGFR-2 are both excellent therapeutic targets in @entity3 . @entity4 was better at killing @entity3 cells than @entity5 and the combination lacked synergy. In addition, we show here that @entity1 can be used to screen for the next generation inhibitors as treatment with @entity4 resulted in clear phenotypic changes that could be assayed.

title: Role of protein kinase C b and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in XXXX : Therapeutic implications and the usefulness of @entity1 model organism.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the utility of thee craving instruments to predict drinking during treatment. The three assessments used were the Penn @entity1 Craving Scale (PACS), the @entity1 Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) and Items 1-6 of the Obsessive subscale (OBS) of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). METHOD: The three instruments were administered during the course of a 9-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 100 mg/day of @entity2 , and a manual-based psychosocial intervention using the BRENDA manual conducted at the University of Pennsylvania's Treatment Research Center. @entity0 (133 @entity0 and 50 @entity0 at the initiation of the study) used these instruments to self-report craving on a weekly or biweekly basis. The weekly number of drinks was reported using the Timeline Followback interview. The data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations using craving scores at 1 week as the independent variable and number of drinks in the subsequent treatment week as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Each of the three scales predicted drinking during the subsequent treatment week. The PACS was the strongest predictor followed closely by the OBS and then the AUQ. Most important, craving as measured by the three scales was a stronger predictor of subsequent drinking than was drinking during the prior treatment week. CONCLUSIONS: Craving assessment provides a useful means of predicting drinking during treatment. Such information would be helpful in designing clinical trials and for many treatment modalities.

title: XXXX craving predicts drinking during treatment: an analysis of three assessment instruments.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The current study investigated molecular cytogenetic characteristics of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) using genome-wide, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-A) capable of detecting cryptic submicroscopic genomic aberrations. Genome-Wide @entity0 SNP 6.0 Array (Affymetrix, CA, USA) was performed in 118 @entity0 having @entity2 , chronic phase. Thirty-nine clonal aberrations (CAs) were identified (35 losses, two gains, two copy neutral loss of heterozygosity) that were not detected by metaphase cytogenetics in 25 @entity0 (21%). The 9q34 deletions were found in 10% of cases, while 22q11.2 deletions were observed in 12% of cases. Seven @entity0 (6%) harbored both 5'-ABL and 3'-BCR deletions adjacent to the t(9;22) breakpoint. Copy number gains were identified at 8p and 9p, and losses at 2q, 7q, 8q, 9q, 11q, 13q, 16p, and 22q. When we compared the treatment outcome of @entity3 therapy between @entity0 with and without CAs identified by SNP-A, treatment failure and progression to advanced disease were not significantly different (p   >   0.05). In addition, according to the presence of deletions of 9q34 and/or 22q11.2 identified by SNP-A, the treatment outcome did not show any significant differences (p   >   0.05). Our data suggests that SNP-A analysis is a useful tool for detection of clonal aberrations including deletions adjacent to the t(9;22) breakpoint in the @entity1 genome. However, clonal aberrations detected by SNP-A could not improve a prognostic stratification in @entity2 @entity0 with chronic phase.

title: Genome-wide high density single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based karyotyping improves detection of clonal aberrations including der(9) deletion, but does not predict treatment outcomes after @entity3 therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The current study investigated molecular cytogenetic characteristics of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) using genome-wide, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-A) capable of detecting cryptic submicroscopic genomic aberrations. Genome-Wide @entity0 SNP 6.0 Array (Affymetrix, CA, USA) was performed in 118 @entity0 having @entity2 , chronic phase. Thirty-nine clonal aberrations (CAs) were identified (35 losses, two gains, two copy neutral loss of heterozygosity) that were not detected by metaphase cytogenetics in 25 @entity0 (21%). The 9q34 deletions were found in 10% of cases, while 22q11.2 deletions were observed in 12% of cases. Seven @entity0 (6%) harbored both 5'-ABL and 3'-BCR deletions adjacent to the t(9;22) breakpoint. Copy number gains were identified at 8p and 9p, and losses at 2q, 7q, 8q, 9q, 11q, 13q, 16p, and 22q. When we compared the treatment outcome of @entity3 therapy between @entity0 with and without CAs identified by SNP-A, treatment failure and progression to advanced disease were not significantly different (p   >   0.05). In addition, according to the presence of deletions of 9q34 and/or 22q11.2 identified by SNP-A, the treatment outcome did not show any significant differences (p   >   0.05). Our data suggests that SNP-A analysis is a useful tool for detection of clonal aberrations including deletions adjacent to the t(9;22) breakpoint in the @entity1 genome. However, clonal aberrations detected by SNP-A could not improve a prognostic stratification in @entity2 @entity0 with chronic phase.

title: Genome-wide high density single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based karyotyping improves detection of clonal aberrations including der(9) deletion, but does not predict treatment outcomes after XXXX therapy in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved cell signaling pathway that is activated to regulate protein synthesis and restore homeostatic equilibrium when the cell is stressed from increased client protein load or the accumulation of unfolded or malfolded proteins. Once activated, this signaling pathway can either result in the recovery of homeostasis or can activate a cascade of events that ultimately result in cell death. The UPR/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response spectrum and its interplay with other cellular organelles play an important role in the pathogenesis of disease in secretory cells rich in ER, such as hepatocytes. Over the past 2 decades, the contribution of ER stress to various forms of @entity2 has been examined. Robust support for a contributing, as opposed to a secondary role, for ER stress response is seen in the @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 /reperfusion injury, and cholestatic models of @entity2 . The exact direction of the cause and effect relationship between modes of cell injury and ER stress remains elusive. It is apparent that a complex interplay exists between ER stress response, conditions that promote it, and those that result from it. A vicious cycle in which ER stress promotes @entity0 , cell injury, and @entity3 and in which steatogenesis, @entity0 , and cell injury aggravate ER stress seems to be at play. It is perhaps the nature of such a vicious cycle that is the key pathophysiologic concept. Therapeutic approaches aimed at interrupting the cycle may dampen the stress response and the ensuing injury.

title: The contribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are common @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 but are often overlooked in clinical oncology settings. We introduced a clinical screening program utilizing the Distress and Impact Thermometer (DIT) to identify @entity3 and @entity4 in @entity1 outpatients receiving chemotherapy. This study assessed the usefulness of the screening program. METHODS: Pharmacists administered the DIT to consecutive @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy at an outpatient clinic. Psychiatric treatment was recommended to all the @entity0 with positive screening results. The proportion of @entity0 referred to the Psychiatric Service during the program period was then compared with that during a usual care period. RESULTS: Of the 520 @entity0 who started chemotherapy during the 6-month program period, 5.0% (26/520) were referred to the Psychiatric Service and 2.7% (15/520) were diagnosed as having @entity3 or @entity4 . No statistically significant difference in the referral rates was observed between the two periods (2.7 vs 1.0%, p = 0.46). However, the period from the first chemotherapy treatment until the visit to the Psychiatric Service was significantly shorter during the program period than during the period of usual care (12.9  13.2 days vs 55.6  17.6 days, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity0 referred to the Psychiatric Service for the treatment of @entity3 or @entity4 during the program period was not different from that during the usual care period. However, the program was useful for introducing @entity2 treatment at an earlier stage. Further modifications to the program to improve the referral rate are necessary.

title: Usefulness of pharmacist-assisted screening and XXXX referral program for outpatients with @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are common @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 but are often overlooked in clinical oncology settings. We introduced a clinical screening program utilizing the Distress and Impact Thermometer (DIT) to identify @entity3 and @entity4 in @entity1 outpatients receiving chemotherapy. This study assessed the usefulness of the screening program. METHODS: Pharmacists administered the DIT to consecutive @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy at an outpatient clinic. Psychiatric treatment was recommended to all the @entity0 with positive screening results. The proportion of @entity0 referred to the Psychiatric Service during the program period was then compared with that during a usual care period. RESULTS: Of the 520 @entity0 who started chemotherapy during the 6-month program period, 5.0% (26/520) were referred to the Psychiatric Service and 2.7% (15/520) were diagnosed as having @entity3 or @entity4 . No statistically significant difference in the referral rates was observed between the two periods (2.7 vs 1.0%, p = 0.46). However, the period from the first chemotherapy treatment until the visit to the Psychiatric Service was significantly shorter during the program period than during the period of usual care (12.9  13.2 days vs 55.6  17.6 days, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity0 referred to the Psychiatric Service for the treatment of @entity3 or @entity4 during the program period was not different from that during the usual care period. However, the program was useful for introducing @entity2 treatment at an earlier stage. Further modifications to the program to improve the referral rate are necessary.

title: Usefulness of pharmacist-assisted screening and @entity2 referral program for outpatients with XXXX undergoing chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity7 are known to be at risk for @entity4 . However, there are reports of @entity4 in @entity0 with sickle cell trait without @entity1 . There are no population-based studies addressing the risk of @entity7 in this group. We performed a study to clarify the relation between sickle cell trait and @entity4 in healthy subjects. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 100 @entity0 with sickle cell disease who attended the Sickle Cell Clinic at the Hospital for Sick @entity0 , Toronto. We then contacted 200 parents with sickle cell trait, of whom 32 agreed to participate in the study. All @entity0 were proven to have hemoglobin AS status with prior hemoglobin electrophoresis. An ophthalmologic history was obtained, and a complete ophthalmologic examination was performed. We defined @entity7 as any salmon @entity3 , iridescent spots, black sunbursts, @entity6 or @entity5 . The evaluation also included attempts to identify the more subtle signs of @entity7 , such as optic nerve head vascular changes, vascular tortuosity, macular changes (e.g., @entity2 ) and peripheral arteriovenous anastamoses. Blood samples were obtained for complete blood count, reticulocyte count and smear. RESULTS: We found no cases of @entity7 among the 32 subjects. Ten of 30 subjects had a high reticulocyte count (greater than 120 x 10(9)/L); however, there were no associated eye findings in this subgroup. INTERPRETATION: Our results indicate that there is no increased risk of @entity4 in healthy @entity0 with sickle cell trait.

title: XXXX in sickle cell trait: does it exist?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: An endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach is reported as less invasive, allowing an earlier discharge. Published series have never focused on its use in acromegalic @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach in the management of @entity5 -secreting @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Nineteen consecutively operated @entity0 were assessed with a prospective follow-up of one year. RESULTS: Sex ratio was 0.7/1 and gross total removal was obtained in 16 cases (84%), subtotal in three (16%). The only complication was a @entity6 requiring spinal drainage. The median in-hospital stay was 2.5 days. Sixteen @entity0 experienced clinical improvement (84%) and no changes were observed in three (16%). @entity1 was seen in two cases (11%). @entity5 levels < 2 ng/dl were seen in 17 cases (89%) and only two @entity0 (11%) had a level >2 ng/dl. @entity2 levels were normalized in 16 cases (84%) and remained elevated in three @entity0 (16%). One @entity0 presented an isolated elevated level of @entity2 . @entity0 with @entity1 and elevated @entity5 and @entity2 levels underwent complementary radiosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach seems to be useful in @entity4 , with a high rate of clinical and biochemical cure among other benefits.

title: [Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for XXXX -producing pituitary adenomas. Preliminary results].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A former premature @entity0 (1,795 g) with @entity4 underwent pyrolomyotomy under spinal anesthesia. She had been managed with artificial ventilation for 2 months after birth and had developed @entity4 . She showed frequent @entity2 with desaturation several times per day and 21 x @entity3 ) of @entity1 had been administered. She began projectile vomiting 1 month after extubation and then was diagnosed as @entity5 by ultrasonography. She was transferred to our hospital to have pyrolomyotomy. After admission to pediatric intensive care, she was managed with nasal-DPAP to prevent @entity2 . Surgery was completed on the second day after admission under spinal anesthesia using 1.0 mg x kg(-1) of hyperbaric @entity6 . Spinal puncture was accomplished with 19 mm of 27 G needle after removal of @entity7 patch which had been applied 1 hour before. After the outflow of clear CSF was confirmed, the anesthetics was administered. After we confirmed the anesthesia level up to T5, surgery was commenced. She was managed with mask CPAP to prevent deasaturation under spontaneous respiration during surgery. She required nasal-CPAP to prevent @entity2 after surgery and she was transferred back to the referred hospital on the 3rd postoperative day without any sequela.

title: [Case of spinal anesthesia for pyrolomyotomy in a former preterm @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: A former premature @entity0 (1,795 g) with @entity4 underwent pyrolomyotomy under spinal anesthesia. She had been managed with artificial ventilation for 2 months after birth and had developed @entity4 . She showed frequent @entity2 with desaturation several times per day and 21 x @entity3 ) of @entity1 had been administered. She began projectile vomiting 1 month after extubation and then was diagnosed as @entity5 by ultrasonography. She was transferred to our hospital to have pyrolomyotomy. After admission to pediatric intensive care, she was managed with nasal-DPAP to prevent @entity2 . Surgery was completed on the second day after admission under spinal anesthesia using 1.0 mg x kg(-1) of hyperbaric @entity6 . Spinal puncture was accomplished with 19 mm of 27 G needle after removal of @entity7 patch which had been applied 1 hour before. After the outflow of clear CSF was confirmed, the anesthetics was administered. After we confirmed the anesthesia level up to T5, surgery was commenced. She was managed with mask CPAP to prevent deasaturation under spontaneous respiration during surgery. She required nasal-CPAP to prevent @entity2 after surgery and she was transferred back to the referred hospital on the 3rd postoperative day without any sequela.

title: [Case of spinal anesthesia for pyrolomyotomy in a former preterm XXXX with @entity4 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a polysymptomatic syndrome resulting from the reduction of active nephrons. It is estimated that the disease affects from 4.7-20% of adults. According to the actual knowledge, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 is a significant risk factor for the @entity0 . The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of using the serum @entity2 level and the estimated GFR (eGFR) as the indices of renal function in clinical practice. The study was performed amongst physicians working in non-academic departments of internal disease in the region of lubelskie voivodeships in 2008. An anonymous questionnaire of own composition consisting of 18 open and closed questions was used. The questions concerned the use of eGFR and serum @entity2 level in everyday practice. 162 physicians were asked to fill the questionnaire, the percent of positive answers was 27.78% which is 45 questionnaires. The best parameter in evaluation of renal function, according to the asked physicians, was serum @entity2 level (49% of all answers), eGFR (47%) and serum @entity3 level or microalbuminuria (4%). Despite the actual recommendations, the serum @entity2 level still remains the most popular routine parameter used to evaluate renal function. It seems that the knowledge concerning the diagnosing of @entity1 and the prophylaxis of its progression among physicians is insufficient. It concerns mainly physicians with no special training, working rather in profiled than in general medicine departments. Therefore, current educational programs concerning preventing and early diagnosis of @entity1 should be destinated mainly to these groups of physicians.

title: [Serum XXXX level and eGFR as the indices of renal function in present-day clinical practice].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a deliberate harm to the body that may lead to @entity3 . Its origin may be functional or biological and it has a higher prevalence in females and in @entity2 individuals. Seventy per cent of @entity9 @entity0 have @entity3 . Seventy-five per cent of @entity3 are located in the head and neck region. A paediatric case report concerning a 4-year-old @entity9 female is presented. Detailed medical history, physical examination, clinical intraoral and radiographic examination, incisional biopsy, neuropaediatrical, psychological and speech evaluation were undertaken. Diagnosis included @entity5 , caries, @entity4 , factitial @entity7 , factitial @entity10 , self-extraction of primary teeth and permanent teeth buds, non-specific oral @entity7 with @entity1 , mild @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity9 and @entity3 behaviour consisting of putting fingers and foreign objects in the gingiva, fingernail biting and hair pulling. Differential diagnosis included @entity8 , @entity10 and @entity11 . Dental preventive and restorative treatment was performed. Non-contingent reinforcement therapy was successfully used to diminish @entity3 . Treatment of factitial oral @entity3 must be interdisciplinary and requires cooperation of the @entity0 , the parents, health care providers, and medical team.

title: Factitial oral lesions in an XXXX paediatric @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a deliberate harm to the body that may lead to @entity3 . Its origin may be functional or biological and it has a higher prevalence in females and in @entity2 individuals. Seventy per cent of @entity9 @entity0 have @entity3 . Seventy-five per cent of @entity3 are located in the head and neck region. A paediatric case report concerning a 4-year-old @entity9 female is presented. Detailed medical history, physical examination, clinical intraoral and radiographic examination, incisional biopsy, neuropaediatrical, psychological and speech evaluation were undertaken. Diagnosis included @entity5 , caries, @entity4 , factitial @entity7 , factitial @entity10 , self-extraction of primary teeth and permanent teeth buds, non-specific oral @entity7 with @entity1 , mild @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity9 and @entity3 behaviour consisting of putting fingers and foreign objects in the gingiva, fingernail biting and hair pulling. Differential diagnosis included @entity8 , @entity10 and @entity11 . Dental preventive and restorative treatment was performed. Non-contingent reinforcement therapy was successfully used to diminish @entity3 . Treatment of factitial oral @entity3 must be interdisciplinary and requires cooperation of the @entity0 , the parents, health care providers, and medical team.

title: Factitial oral lesions in an @entity9 paediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The integrity of granulocytic cells and platelets is compromised within cryopreserved stem cell transplants, and consequent DNA release during the thawing procedure can therefore lead to clotting phenomena or microaggregate formation and that in turn may cause loss of progenitor cells. To circumvent this problem a new processing protocol was introduced using recombinant @entity0 deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) to prevent cell aggregate formation. In addition, the impact of this new processing protocol on @entity4 + umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty samples derived from 7 buffy coat (BC) volume reduced UCB units were cryopreserved, thawed, and processed with washing solutions that were supplemented with rhDNase in various concentrations. Thereafter, clotting and microaggregate formation was scored microscopically. In addition, expression of the adhesion molecules @entity2 ( @entity2 , n = 6), @entity3 ( @entity3 , n = 11), and @entity1 (n = 11) on @entity4 + UCB cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after incubating the samples with either @entity5 ( @entity5 ) 5.5%, rhDNase 10 or 50 U/mL, or a combination of @entity5 5.5% and rhDNase 50 U/mL. RESULTS: At a minimal concentration of 10 U rhDNase/mL, clotting or microaggregate formation could be prevented for all tested samples, whereas cell clots could be observed for concentrations up to 8 U/mL. The expression of adhesion molecules on untreated @entity4 + UCB cells ( @entity1 : 64.6 +/- 18.8%; @entity2 : 62.6 +/- 7.5%; @entity3 : 14.8 +/- 4.1%) did not show any significant difference compared with cells that were incubated with up to 50 U/mL rhDNase ( @entity1 : 62.2 +/- 19.3%; @entity2 : 63.1 +/- 5.9%; @entity3 : 17.5 +/- 6.7%). However, after a combined treatment with @entity5 5.5% and rhDNase 50 U/mL, a slight but significant decrease in @entity1 expression could be observed (P < 0.03). CONCLUSION: The supplementation of rhDNase to a final concentration of 10 U/mL cell suspension proved to be effective in preventing clot formation under the conditions examined and did not lead to decreased expression levels of adhesion molecules. We therefore recommend the use of rhDNase for the prevention of clot formation and cell loss during the processing of thawed UCB transplants.

title: Effect of recombinant XXXX deoxyribonuclease on the expression of cell adhesion molecules of thawed and processed cord blood hematopoietic progenitors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity4 (PCBCL) are rare and constitute approximately 5-10% of all @entity3 . In the literature, conflicting data exist on the optimal treatment modality regarding the efficacy and the relapse rate after radiotherapy (RT) or polychemotherapy. To evaluate the efficacy of RT, @entity0 data from two centers were analyzed and compared with recent reports in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 1984 and June 2001, 35 @entity0 with PCBCL, 17 @entity0 and 18 @entity0 ages 27-86 years, were treated with RT alone (29/35 @entity0 ) or postoperative RT (6/35 @entity0 ). According to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification for PCBCL, this study group included 21 @entity0 (60%) with primary cutaneous follicle center-cell lymphoma, 7 (20%) with primary cutaneous immunocytoma, 4 (11%) with primary cutaneous large @entity4 (PCLBCL) of the leg, and 3 (9%) provisional types. RESULTS: A total of 34/35 @entity0 achieved an initial complete response after RT. In one additional @entity0 , RT was interrupted after 16 Gy because of fulminant @entity1 . A total of 11/35 (31%) @entity0 developed cutaneous relapse after a median of 11 months. Three @entity0 developed an in-field response and 8 @entity0 an out-field relapse. After a median follow-up of 52 months, 27/35 @entity0 are alive, whereas 8/35 @entity0 died (three deaths resulting from PCBCL and five unrelated to PCBCL). The 5-year overall survival rate was 75% (95% CI: 55-95%). The 5-year relapse-free survival was 50% (95% CI: 32-68%). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed disseminated primary lesions in at least two noncontiguous anatomic sites and the histologic subtype PCLBCL as unfavorable prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: RT of all visible @entity2 is an effective treatment for localized PCBCL. In @entity0 with cutaneous relapses, RT is an effective treatment option as well.

title: Long-term efficacy, curative potential, and prognostic factors of radiotherapy in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To document current Australian management of asymptomatic @entity1 @entity0 with @entity3 (PSA) relapse after radical treatment or considered unsuitable for radical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four case scenarios-postprostatectomy PSA @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level, or no radical treatment-were presented. Management preferences, including (where relevant) @entity4 , @entity2 ablation either immediate or delayed until a PSA rise or symptomatic progression, and other approaches, were identified. The preferred methods of @entity2 ablation were noted. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen informative replies out of 324 e-mailed surveys were received. For postprostatectomy PSA relapse, 59% of respondents favored salvage @entity4 . For post- @entity4 with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level and treatment of nonradical @entity0 , there was no clear consensus of opinion, with respondents divided among the different options. A diverse range of PSA levels was cited for delayed intervention, with values ranging from 0.8 to 100 ng/mL. PSA doubling time proved a more consistent criterion for determining intervention. Most respondents favored the use of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist as first-line @entity2 ablation, although @entity0 choice was recognized as important in all decision making. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of available evidence underlies the diversity of opinion regarding the management of asymptomatic @entity1 @entity0 with a rising PSA. The need for randomized controlled trials in this area is highlighted.

title: What to do for XXXX @entity0 with a rising PSA?--A survey of Australian practice.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To document current Australian management of asymptomatic @entity1 @entity0 with @entity3 (PSA) relapse after radical treatment or considered unsuitable for radical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four case scenarios-postprostatectomy PSA @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level, or no radical treatment-were presented. Management preferences, including (where relevant) @entity4 , @entity2 ablation either immediate or delayed until a PSA rise or symptomatic progression, and other approaches, were identified. The preferred methods of @entity2 ablation were noted. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen informative replies out of 324 e-mailed surveys were received. For postprostatectomy PSA relapse, 59% of respondents favored salvage @entity4 . For post- @entity4 with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level and treatment of nonradical @entity0 , there was no clear consensus of opinion, with respondents divided among the different options. A diverse range of PSA levels was cited for delayed intervention, with values ranging from 0.8 to 100 ng/mL. PSA doubling time proved a more consistent criterion for determining intervention. Most respondents favored the use of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist as first-line @entity2 ablation, although @entity0 choice was recognized as important in all decision making. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of available evidence underlies the diversity of opinion regarding the management of asymptomatic @entity1 @entity0 with a rising PSA. The need for randomized controlled trials in this area is highlighted.

title: What to do for @entity1 XXXX with a rising PSA?--A survey of Australian practice.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The appropriate treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver is determined by several factors, namely the @entity0 , the cyst, the therapeutic resources and the physician. Characteristics of cysts, can be described by ultrasonography (US). Based on US images, we can classify hydatid cysts, according the evolutionary phase of the larval parasite and to choose the most appropriate therapeutic approach. US is also important to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Concerning the therapeutic methods, surgery had long been the only treatment available for the hydatid @entity1 . Beginning the 1970s @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 , have been used for the treatment of the hydatid disease and in the early 1980s, with the development of diagnostic US, the deliberate puncture of @entity2 , particularly those in the liver, was evaluated this lead to puncture/aspiration, followed by injection of a scolicide which became a therapeutic method known as puncture, aspiration, injection and re-aspiration (PAIR). So, according to the cyst's characteristics based on US evaluation we can establish a therapeutic strategy: cysts type 1 and 3 may be treated by chemotherapy. Alternative treatment should be PAIR but only if the cysts cannot be treated with @entity5 . If there are contraindications for PAIR and chemotherapy the treatment should be surgical. Type 2 hydatid cysts can be treated by PAIR following initial treatment with @entity5 . If PAIR is not feasible or there is no evidence of degenerative changes after chemotherapy, surgery is indicated. Type 4 cysts are usually inactive and, in these cases, treatment is not indicated. If there is evidence that the cysts contents are still viable PAIR may be indicate. If PAIR is not possible, surgery is the method of choice. Cysts type 5 do not require treatment.

title: Hydatid XXXX -criteria for the selection of appropriate treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate expression of the @entity5 receptor ( @entity6 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) tissues and determine its clinical significance. METHODS: Cancerous and paraneoplastic liver tissues were collected from 30 @entity0 with @entity2 and from 12 @entity0 with @entity4 @entity0 (controls). Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of @entity6 in these tissues and assess the relationship with clinical pathological features. T-test,?Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The expression of @entity6 in adjacent liver tissues (100%) was higher than that in the @entity2 (43.33%, P = 0.000) and normal liver tissues (41.67%, P = 0.000). The level of @entity6 mRNA was also higher in paraneoplastic liver tissues (0.0339+/-0.0221) than in the paired @entity2 tissues (0.0127+/-0.0116, t = 2.911, P = 0.008) and normal liver tissues (0.0154+/-0.0123, t = -2.310, P = 0.033). There was no difference between the levels in @entity2 and normal liver tissues (P more than 0.05). Higher level of @entity6 mRNA, higher level of serum @entity3 , and higher @entity1 stage (III-IV) were associated with poor prognosis (respectively 4.372, P = 0.037; 24.187, P = 0.000; 8.75, P = 0.003). However, no evident relationship between the expression of @entity6 and other clinical features was observed. Conclusions Overexpression of @entity6 may contribute to the occurrence and progression of @entity2 .

title: [Clinical significance of XXXX receptor expression in primary @entity2 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate expression of the @entity5 receptor ( @entity6 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) tissues and determine its clinical significance. METHODS: Cancerous and paraneoplastic liver tissues were collected from 30 @entity0 with @entity2 and from 12 @entity0 with @entity4 @entity0 (controls). Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of @entity6 in these tissues and assess the relationship with clinical pathological features. T-test,?Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The expression of @entity6 in adjacent liver tissues (100%) was higher than that in the @entity2 (43.33%, P = 0.000) and normal liver tissues (41.67%, P = 0.000). The level of @entity6 mRNA was also higher in paraneoplastic liver tissues (0.0339+/-0.0221) than in the paired @entity2 tissues (0.0127+/-0.0116, t = 2.911, P = 0.008) and normal liver tissues (0.0154+/-0.0123, t = -2.310, P = 0.033). There was no difference between the levels in @entity2 and normal liver tissues (P more than 0.05). Higher level of @entity6 mRNA, higher level of serum @entity3 , and higher @entity1 stage (III-IV) were associated with poor prognosis (respectively 4.372, P = 0.037; 24.187, P = 0.000; 8.75, P = 0.003). However, no evident relationship between the expression of @entity6 and other clinical features was observed. Conclusions Overexpression of @entity6 may contribute to the occurrence and progression of @entity2 .

title: [Clinical significance of @entity5 receptor expression in primary XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The clinical courses of 353 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) treated between 1971 and 1982 at the Baltimore @entity1 Research Program (BCRP) of the National @entity1 Institute were reviewed and examined for the impact of presenting WBC count on the initial course and overall outcome of these @entity0 . Group A (WBC greater than 100,000/microL) had significantly more @entity3 during the first week of therapy than did group C (WBC less than 50,000/microL) (P = .0003). CNS @entity4 was responsible for a significantly greater number of @entity3 in group A compared with group C (P less than .004). The group B (WBC 50,000 to 100,000/microL) death rate was intermediate. These findings are consistent with other reports of complications of @entity6 . Rapid intervention with antileukemic therapy and cranial irradiation may have decreased the risk of CNS @entity4 in group A. If early @entity3 are removed from analysis, the complete remission rate among @entity0 groups is not significantly different (group A, 59%; group B, 68%; group C, 65%). However, further analyses of @entity0 achieving remission demonstrate significant differences among @entity0 groups based on presenting WBC count. The median complete remission duration of @entity0 in group A (4.2 months) is shorter than that of @entity0 in group B (8.0 months) or C (8.0 months), P = .07. In addition, remission duration has improved with modern @entity2 antileukemic therapy in groups B (median before 1977, 7.0 months; after 1977, 22.0 + months) and C (before 1977, 6.0 months; after 1977, 16.0 + months). No such improvement has occurred in group A, in which the median duration of remission was 4.2 months before and after 1977. The same findings are demonstrated in an analysis of survival, with improvement occurring only in groups B (median before 1977, 16.5 months; after 1977, 26.0 + months) and C (before 1977, 13.5 months; after 1977, 24.0 + months). Long-term follow-up (minimum of 4 years) of these @entity0 has allowed an analysis of the effect of presenting WBC count on the overall outcome of adult @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Hyperleukocytosis in adult XXXX : impact on remission rate and duration, and survival.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intratumoral B lymphocytes are an integral part of the @entity1 microenvironment. Interrogation of the antibodies they express may improve our understanding of the host response to @entity2 and could be useful in elucidating novel molecular targets. We used two strategies to explore the repertoire of intratumoral B cell antibodies. First, we cloned VH and VL genes from single intratumoral B lymphocytes isolated from one @entity1 , expressed the genes as recombinant mAbs, and used the mAbs to identify the cognate tumor antigens. The Igs derived from intratumoral B cells demonstrated class switching, with a mean VH mutation frequency of 4  %. Although there was no evidence for clonal expansion, these data are consistent with antigen-driven somatic hypermutation. Individual recombinant antibodies were polyreactive, although one clone demonstrated preferential immunoreactivity with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We found that higher levels of @entity3 antibodies were more common in @entity2 @entity0 , but measurement of @entity3 antibody levels was not a sensitive test for detecting @entity2 . Second, in an effort to focus our recombinant antibody expression efforts on those B cells that displayed evidence of clonal expansion driven by antigen stimulation, we performed deep sequencing of the Ig genes of B cells collected from seven different @entity2 . Deep sequencing demonstrated somatic hypermutation but no dominant clones. These strategies may be useful for the study of B cell antibody expression, although identification of a dominant clone and unique therapeutic targets may require extensive investigation.

title: Interrogation of individual intratumoral B lymphocytes from XXXX @entity0 for molecular target discovery.

answer: @entity1