abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status (stress and immune responses) of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Juvenile @entity3 were acclimated, placed in circular tanks under stocking densities of 10, 40 and 80  kg  m(-3) and reared for 30 days. The relative expression of genes involved in stress and immunity such as @entity6 , LyzII, TNF-1a, @entity4 , @entity5 and IFN-y1 in the head kidney was determined. Serum @entity0 , ACTH, total antioxidant capacity, osmolality and @entity1 were measured after 30 days of culture at different stocking densities (D1:10  kg  m(-3), D2: 40  kg  m(-3) and D3: 80  kg  m(-3)) as indices of stress responses. In addition, the effects of stocking densities on serum complement, bactericidal activity, agglutinating antibody titers, serum IgM, anti-protease activity, serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase of the fish were measured. @entity6 gene expression was significantly density-dependent upregulated in D2 and D3 densities compared to D1 (P  <  0.05). Also, there was significant downregulation in expression of LyzII, TNF-1a, @entity4 , @entity5 and IFN-y1 in fish reared at density of either D2 or D3 (P  <  0.05). In terms of stress responses, serum ACTH, @entity0 and @entity1 level showed significant density-dependent increase (P  <  0.05) while serum osmolality and total antioxidant capacity showed significant decline (P  <  0.05) in fish reared at higher densities (D2 and D3) compared to fish reared at lower density (D1) (P  <  0.05). Concordant with the expression of the immune-related genes, the serum complement and bactericidal activity as well as specific antibody titer against @entity2 , IgM and anti-protease activity decreased along with elevation of stocking density from D1 to D3 (P  <  0.05). However, different stocking densities had no significant effect on serum total protein level and alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggested that elevation of stocking densities and crowding resulted in the increase in @entity6 gene expression and the levels of selected stress responses in the serum. However, there was down-regulation of immune genes expression and decreased innate immune responses in the fish. The mRNA expression of the genes and immune parameters that were measured in this study could be helpful in monitoring the health status and welfare of the fish in aquaculture systems particularly in relation to increased stocking densities.

title: Increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress- and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of @entity3 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 in captive @entity1 can range from active whole-body and self-directed stereotypies to self-injurious behavior (SIB). Although @entity0 are common in singly-housed @entity1 , the type and frequency of these behaviors are highly variable across individual animals, and the factors influencing them are equally varied. The purpose of this investigation was to survey @entity0 in a large population of @entity1 , to characterize the relationship between stereotypies and self-injury, and to identify potential risk factors for these aberrant behaviors. Behavioral assessments of 362 individually housed @entity1 were collected at the New England Regional Primate Research Center (NERPRC) and combined with colony records. Of the 362 animals surveyed, 321 exhibited at least one @entity0 (mean: 2.3, range: 1-8). The most common behavior was pacing. Sex differences were apparent, with males showing more @entity0 than females. SIB was also associated with stereotypies. Animals with a veterinary record of self-injury exhibited a greater number of self-directed stereotypies than those that did not self-injure. Housing and protocol conditions, such as individual housing at an early age, longer time housed individually, greater number of blood draws, and nursery rearing, were shown to be risk factors for @entity0 . Thus, many factors may influence the development and maintenance of @entity0 in captive primates. Some of these factors are intrinsic to the individual (e.g., sex effects), whereas others are related to colony management practices, rearing conditions, and research protocols.

title: Stereotypic and self-injurious behavior in XXXX : a survey and retrospective analysis of environment and early experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 is known to act as a general stimulator of cells derived from marrow precursors. We investigated the effect of @entity1 tension on the formation and function of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bore resorption, which are of promonocytic origin. Using 7- and 13-day cultures of @entity0 marrow cells on ivory discs, we found that reducing @entity1 tension from the ambient atmospheric level of 20% by increasing the proportion of @entity9 caused progressive increases in the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and resorption pits. Peak effects occurred in 2% @entity1 , where stimulations of resorption up to 21-fold were measured. Significant stimulations of osteoclast formation and resorption were observed even in severely @entity5 cultures gassed with 0.2% @entity1 . Short-term cultures of cells disaggregated from @entity2 bones indicated that @entity5 did not alter the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts, but reduced their survival or adherence. In 3-day organ cultures of @entity0 calvarial bones, exposure to 2% @entity1 resulted in maximal, fivefold stimulation of osteoclast-mediated @entity4 release, an effect equivalent to that of @entity8 ( @entity8 ), a reference osteolytic agent. @entity5 also caused a moderate @entity6 in @entity10 , presumably as a result of increased anaerobic metabolism; this observation is significant because osteoclast activation is dependent on extracellular acidification. Our experiments reveal a previously-overlooked mechanism of considerable potential importance for the regulation of @entity3 . These findings may help explain the @entity7 associated with a wide range of pathological states involving local or systemic @entity5 , and emphasize the importance of the vasculature in bone.

title: XXXX is a major stimulator of osteoclast formation and bone resorption.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Discovery of the B cell lymphoma gene 2 ( @entity1 gene) led to the concept that development of @entity0 required the simultaneous acquisition, not only of deregulated cell division, but also of resistance to programmed cell death or apoptosis. Apoptosis is arguably the common pathway to cell death resulting from a range of therapeutic initiatives, so that understanding the basis for the resistance of @entity0 cells to apoptosis may hold the key to development of new treatment initiatives. Much has already been learnt about the apoptotic pathways in @entity0 cells and proteins regulating these pathways. In most cells, apoptosis is dependent on the mitochondrial dependent pathway. This pathway is regulated by pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the @entity1 family, and manipulation of these proteins offers scope for a number of treatment initiatives. Effector caspases activated by the mitochondrial pathway or from death receptor signaling are under the control of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) family. Certain proteins from mitochondrial can, however, competitively inhibit their binding to effector caspases. Information about the structure of these proteins has led to initiatives to develop therapeutic agents to block the @entity2 family. In addition to development of selective agents based on these two ( @entity1 and @entity2 ) protein families, much has been learnt about signal pathways that may regulate their activity. These in turn might provide additional approaches based on selective regulators of the signal pathways.

title: Overcoming resistance of XXXX cells to apoptosis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 inhibit bacterial type II DNA topoisomerases (e.g. DNA gyrase) and are among the most important antibiotics in current use. However, their efficacy is now being threatened by various plasmid-mediated resistance determinants. Of these, the pentapeptide repeat-containing (PRP) Qnr proteins are believed to act as DNA mimics and are particularly prevalent in gram-negative bacteria. @entity1 are also present in numerous environmental bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that one such, @entity3 AhQnr, is soluble, stable, and relieves @entity2 inhibition of @entity0 DNA gyrase, thus providing an appropriate model system for gram-negative Qnr proteins. The AhQnr crystal structure, the first for any gram-negative Qnr, reveals two prominent loops (1 and 2) that project from the PRP structure. Deletion mutagenesis demonstrates that both contribute to protection of @entity0 DNA gyrase from @entity4 . Sequence comparisons indicate that these are likely to be present across the full range of gram-negative Qnr proteins. On this basis we present a model for the AhQnr:DNA gyrase interaction where loop1 interacts with the gyrase A 'tower' and loop2 with the gyrase B TOPRIM domains. We propose this to be a general mechanism directing the interactions of Qnr proteins with DNA gyrase in gram-negative bacteria.

title: Structural insights into XXXX antibiotic resistance mediated by pentapeptide repeat proteins: conserved surface loops direct the activity of a Qnr protein from a gram-negative bacterium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report on 2 @entity0 with bilateral @entity4 treated in the last 5 years. One @entity0 underwent bilateral partial nephrectomy for a solitary @entity1 in each kidney. Both @entity1 were confirmed to be @entity4 by light and electron microscopic examination. After 4 years this @entity0 had no evidence of local recurrence or distal metastasis. The second @entity0 presented with bilateral multiple @entity4 . Transabdominal bilateral renal exploration revealed 2 @entity1 in the right kidney and 3 @entity1 in the left kidney. Right radical nephrectomy and enucleation of the @entity2 were performed. Examination by light and electron microscopy confirmed that all @entity1 from both kidneys were @entity3 . Only 8 cases of bilateral @entity4 have been reported in the literature, including our 2 cases. In 6 of these 8 cases the @entity1 were multicentric, which may be a characteristic of bilateral @entity4 . Recognizing the coexistence of multicentricity and bilaterality is important because more conservative treatment is required. However, a favorable prognosis may still be anticipated.

title: XXXX : report of 2 cases and literature review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) account for approximately 8% of all @entity7 and nearly 80% of @entity8 . Spontaneous intratumoral @entity4 (ITH) remains a rare entity with only 10 published reports existing in the international literature. In the present case, we discuss the clinical presentation, radiographic evaluation and management of a 66-year-old male with a histologically confirmed spontaneous hemorrhagic @entity8 . STUDY DESIGN: Case Report. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. RESULTS: A 66-year-old male with a history of prodromal left sided @entity5 presented for evaluation after experiencing a rapid onset severe left sided @entity1 , projectile vomiting and vertigo that woke him from sleep. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left sided 2 X 2 cm cerebellopontine angle mass consistent with a @entity8 . Local mass effect resulted in 4th ventricle effacement and @entity6 . Areas of T2 hypointensity and corresponding increased attenuation on CT confirmed an acute ITH. Hematology and coagulation laboratory studies were normal. The @entity0 subsequently underwent a left suboccipital craniotomy with complete resection of a histologically confirmed hemorrhagic @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Spontaneous @entity4 into a @entity8 is an extremely rare event. In contrast to the insidious progression typified by nonhemorrhagic VSs, those with gross intratumoral bleeding most often present with acute @entity2 and symptoms of @entity3 . In surgically fit @entity0 , we advocate urgent microsurgical resection. Simple observation with serial radiography may risk repeated @entity4 while the role of radiosurgery is not yet defined.

title: A XXXX presenting with rapid neurologic decline: a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Results of case-control studies of mobile phone use and @entity1 have been inconsistent. We conducted a case-case study of mobile phone use and @entity1 using a self-administered postal questionnaire. A total of 1589 cases identified in 22 hospitals throughout Japan were invited to participate, and 787 cases (51%) actually participated. Associations between laterality of mobile phone use prior to the reference dates (1 and 5 years before diagnosis) and @entity0 location were analyzed. The overall risk ratio was 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93-1.28) for regular mobile phone use until 1 year before diagnosis and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.96-1.40) for regular mobile phone use until 5 years before diagnosis. A significantly increased risk was identified for mobile phone use for >20   min/day on average, with risk ratios of 2.74 at 1 year before diagnosis, and 3.08 at 5 years before diagnosis. Cases with ipsilateral combination of @entity0 location and more frequently used ear were found to have @entity0 with smaller diameters, suggesting an effect of detection bias. Furthermore, analysis of the distribution of left and right @entity0 suggested an effect of @entity0 -side-related recall bias for recall of mobile phone use at 5 years before diagnosis. The increased risk identified for mobile phone users with average call duration >20   min/day should be interpreted with caution, taking into account the possibilities of detection and recall biases. However, we could not conclude that the increased risk was entirely explicable by these biases, leaving open the possibility that mobile phone use increased the risk of @entity1 .

title: A case-case study of mobile phone use and XXXX risk in Japan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perioperative management and the results of surgical treatment of @entity13 associated with @entity1 . METHODS: The clinical data were analysed retrospectively from 42 @entity0 with @entity13 associated with @entity1 who were surgically treated between July 2001 and January 2009. There were 22 males and 20 females with an average age of 56.5 years (range, 41-78 years). The disease duration was 4-18 months (mean, 7.5 months). The involved vertebrae included 2 cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic vertebrae, 17 thoracolumbar vertebrae, and 10 lumbar vertebrae. Of them, 18 @entity0 complicated by @entity10 , and 25 @entity0 had more than one of concomitant diseases. Anterior debridement and bony grafting with anterior instrumentation fixation were performed in 16 @entity0 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior instrumentation fixation in 4 @entity0 ; posterolateral costotransversectomy debridement and interbody fusion with posterior instrumentation fixation in 8 @entity0 ; posterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior fixation in 7 @entity0 ; sinus resectomy and focus debridement in 2 @entity0 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting in 3 @entity0 ; and CT guided percutaneous catheter drainage in 2 patients. Postoperative anti- @entity8 treatment was given for 12-24 months. RESULTS: The @entity0 were followed up 1.5-5.0 years, with a mean period of 3.5 years. One @entity0 died of @entity7 after 1 week of operation; 1 @entity0 died of @entity11 after 2 years of operation; and other @entity0 survived without @entity8 recurrence. Among 38 @entity0 who received bony grafting, 34 @entity0 achieved bony fusion, 3 suffered bony grafting failure without @entity3 or instability except 1 @entity0 who died from @entity7 . Among 18 cases complicated by @entity10 , nerve function improved to a certain extent. The intraoperative and @entity4 occurred in 28 cases. The systemic complications mainly included @entity6 in 5, @entity12 in 3, @entity7 in 2, @entity5 in 2, and stree ulcer in 1; they were cured after medical treatment. The local complications mainly included sinus tract formation in 5, pleural tear in 2, @entity2 in 2, intraoperative tear of inferior vena cava in 2, and the loosening of transpedicular screws in 4; they all were cured effectively. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity13 associated with @entity1 appears to be a beneficial procedure on the condition that the blood @entity9 is controlled and the associated @entity4 are properly handled, and reasonably selection of surgical procedures is very important. Instrumentation fixation provides adequate stability to allow early mobilization.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX associated with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perioperative management and the results of surgical treatment of @entity13 associated with @entity1 . METHODS: The clinical data were analysed retrospectively from 42 @entity0 with @entity13 associated with @entity1 who were surgically treated between July 2001 and January 2009. There were 22 males and 20 females with an average age of 56.5 years (range, 41-78 years). The disease duration was 4-18 months (mean, 7.5 months). The involved vertebrae included 2 cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic vertebrae, 17 thoracolumbar vertebrae, and 10 lumbar vertebrae. Of them, 18 @entity0 complicated by @entity10 , and 25 @entity0 had more than one of concomitant diseases. Anterior debridement and bony grafting with anterior instrumentation fixation were performed in 16 @entity0 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior instrumentation fixation in 4 @entity0 ; posterolateral costotransversectomy debridement and interbody fusion with posterior instrumentation fixation in 8 @entity0 ; posterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior fixation in 7 @entity0 ; sinus resectomy and focus debridement in 2 @entity0 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting in 3 @entity0 ; and CT guided percutaneous catheter drainage in 2 patients. Postoperative anti- @entity8 treatment was given for 12-24 months. RESULTS: The @entity0 were followed up 1.5-5.0 years, with a mean period of 3.5 years. One @entity0 died of @entity7 after 1 week of operation; 1 @entity0 died of @entity11 after 2 years of operation; and other @entity0 survived without @entity8 recurrence. Among 38 @entity0 who received bony grafting, 34 @entity0 achieved bony fusion, 3 suffered bony grafting failure without @entity3 or instability except 1 @entity0 who died from @entity7 . Among 18 cases complicated by @entity10 , nerve function improved to a certain extent. The intraoperative and @entity4 occurred in 28 cases. The systemic complications mainly included @entity6 in 5, @entity12 in 3, @entity7 in 2, @entity5 in 2, and stree ulcer in 1; they were cured after medical treatment. The local complications mainly included sinus tract formation in 5, pleural tear in 2, @entity2 in 2, intraoperative tear of inferior vena cava in 2, and the loosening of transpedicular screws in 4; they all were cured effectively. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity13 associated with @entity1 appears to be a beneficial procedure on the condition that the blood @entity9 is controlled and the associated @entity4 are properly handled, and reasonably selection of surgical procedures is very important. Instrumentation fixation provides adequate stability to allow early mobilization.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity13 associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Twelve @entity0 in shock, defined as being present if the mean arterial blood pressure was less than 60 mm Hg, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure was 15 mm Hg or greater, urine output was 20 ml or less for 2 consecutive hours, and there was clinical evidence of poor peripheral perfusion, underwent a comparative therapeutic trial with @entity4 at 200 micrograms . @entity5 and 400 micrograms . @entity5 (2.5-5.5 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity5 ), @entity3 250 micrograms . @entity5 and 500 micrograms . @entity5 (3.5-7 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity5 ) and @entity6 2 micrograms . @entity5 micrograms . @entity5 (0.025-0.055 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity5 ). @entity6 at 2 micrograms . @entity5 , produced a significant increase in pulse rate, cardiac output, left @entity2 work index and decrease in mean pulmonary blood pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and at 4 micrograms . @entity5 a significant increase in @entity2 volume, mixed venous @entity1 tension and decrease in right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistance was also observed. @entity4 at 200 micrograms . @entity5 produced a significant increase in cardiac output, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and mixed venous @entity1 tension and at 400 micrograms . @entity5 a significant increase in pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure mean pulmonary blood pressure, right @entity2 work index, right atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and decrease in arterial @entity1 tension was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of XXXX , @entity3 and @entity6 in the treatment of shock.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Twelve @entity0 in shock, defined as being present if the mean arterial blood pressure was less than 60 mm Hg, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure was 15 mm Hg or greater, urine output was 20 ml or less for 2 consecutive hours, and there was clinical evidence of poor peripheral perfusion, underwent a comparative therapeutic trial with @entity4 at 200 micrograms . @entity5 and 400 micrograms . @entity5 (2.5-5.5 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity5 ), @entity3 250 micrograms . @entity5 and 500 micrograms . @entity5 (3.5-7 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity5 ) and @entity6 2 micrograms . @entity5 micrograms . @entity5 (0.025-0.055 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity5 ). @entity6 at 2 micrograms . @entity5 , produced a significant increase in pulse rate, cardiac output, left @entity2 work index and decrease in mean pulmonary blood pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and at 4 micrograms . @entity5 a significant increase in @entity2 volume, mixed venous @entity1 tension and decrease in right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistance was also observed. @entity4 at 200 micrograms . @entity5 produced a significant increase in cardiac output, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and mixed venous @entity1 tension and at 400 micrograms . @entity5 a significant increase in pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure mean pulmonary blood pressure, right @entity2 work index, right atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and decrease in arterial @entity1 tension was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity4 , @entity3 and XXXX in the treatment of shock.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Twelve @entity0 in shock, defined as being present if the mean arterial blood pressure was less than 60 mm Hg, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure was 15 mm Hg or greater, urine output was 20 ml or less for 2 consecutive hours, and there was clinical evidence of poor peripheral perfusion, underwent a comparative therapeutic trial with @entity4 at 200 micrograms . @entity5 and 400 micrograms . @entity5 (2.5-5.5 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity5 ), @entity3 250 micrograms . @entity5 and 500 micrograms . @entity5 (3.5-7 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity5 ) and @entity6 2 micrograms . @entity5 micrograms . @entity5 (0.025-0.055 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity5 ). @entity6 at 2 micrograms . @entity5 , produced a significant increase in pulse rate, cardiac output, left @entity2 work index and decrease in mean pulmonary blood pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and at 4 micrograms . @entity5 a significant increase in @entity2 volume, mixed venous @entity1 tension and decrease in right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistance was also observed. @entity4 at 200 micrograms . @entity5 produced a significant increase in cardiac output, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and mixed venous @entity1 tension and at 400 micrograms . @entity5 a significant increase in pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure mean pulmonary blood pressure, right @entity2 work index, right atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and decrease in arterial @entity1 tension was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity4 , XXXX and @entity6 in the treatment of shock.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The slope of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation has been proposed as a sensitive index of left ventricular function since it increases in response to positive inotropic agents and decreases with global @entity2 of contractility. The effect of a segmental @entity2 of left ventricular contractile function produced by circumflex @entity4 on the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation was evaluated in seven chronically instrumented @entity1 . Left ventricular volume was calculated from three ultrasonically measured, orthogonal left ventricular endocardial dimensions. Left ventricular pressure was measured with a micromanometer. The left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation was generated by occlusion of the inferior vena cava, before and after inducing regional @entity0 , in the presence of autonomic blockade with @entity3 and @entity5 . The end-systolic data in each @entity1 , before and after @entity4 , were fit to the equation, P = E(V - V0), with r greater than or equal to 0.95 in all cases. @entity4 shifted the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation to the right in each animal. During regional @entity0 , the volume intercept (V0) increased from 10.1 +/- 7.8 to 20.4 +/- 9.8 ml (mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.005). The slope (E) of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation was relatively unchanged. It is concluded that in intact @entity1 , regional left @entity0 resulting from @entity4 produces a rightward shift of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of regional XXXX on the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation in chronically instrumented @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The slope of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation has been proposed as a sensitive index of left ventricular function since it increases in response to positive inotropic agents and decreases with global @entity2 of contractility. The effect of a segmental @entity2 of left ventricular contractile function produced by circumflex @entity4 on the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation was evaluated in seven chronically instrumented @entity1 . Left ventricular volume was calculated from three ultrasonically measured, orthogonal left ventricular endocardial dimensions. Left ventricular pressure was measured with a micromanometer. The left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation was generated by occlusion of the inferior vena cava, before and after inducing regional @entity0 , in the presence of autonomic blockade with @entity3 and @entity5 . The end-systolic data in each @entity1 , before and after @entity4 , were fit to the equation, P = E(V - V0), with r greater than or equal to 0.95 in all cases. @entity4 shifted the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation to the right in each animal. During regional @entity0 , the volume intercept (V0) increased from 10.1 +/- 7.8 to 20.4 +/- 9.8 ml (mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.005). The slope (E) of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation was relatively unchanged. It is concluded that in intact @entity1 , regional left @entity0 resulting from @entity4 produces a rightward shift of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of regional @entity0 on the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation in chronically instrumented XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The occurrence of severe @entity4 in 3 @entity0 who developed @entity2 while taking @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitors led us to undertake a retrospective cohort survey to determine the frequency with which @entity2 and @entity3 are associated with @entity4 in @entity0 taking this class of drug. Serum @entity5 was measured as part of the diagnostic workup of 2398 consecutive admissions to an acute medical receiving unit in a district general hospital. Outcome measures were the presence of @entity2 , and whether taking an @entity6 inhibitor, NSAID or diuretic at the time of admission, also previous, initial and follow up serum @entity5 concentrations. Peak serum @entity5 in the 3 cases was 1159, 989 and 765 micromol/l. None of the 3 required dialysis and all recovered renal function completely after receiving large volumes of intravenous fluid. In the cohort study, 89 of 2398(3.7%) admissions had serum @entity5 >/=200 micromol/l. Nine were regular dialysis @entity0 . Of the remaining @entity0 , 30 (37.5%) were taking an @entity6 inhibitor. Six of 30 (20%) gave a history of @entity2 . Median @entity5 concentration in this group was 135 (range 111-209) micromol/l before admission, 292 (216-724) micromol/l when first seen in hospital, and 134 (94-219) micromol/l following the withdrawal of drug therapy and fluid replacement. In conclusion, @entity7 causing @entity4 in @entity0 taking @entity6 inhibitors is not uncommon. Such @entity0 and their general practitioners should be aware that reversible @entity1 may occur during intercurrent illnesses, particularly if characterised by @entity2 .

title: XXXX , @entity3 and @entity6 inhibitors:--an important cause of @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The occurrence of severe @entity4 in 3 @entity0 who developed @entity2 while taking @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitors led us to undertake a retrospective cohort survey to determine the frequency with which @entity2 and @entity3 are associated with @entity4 in @entity0 taking this class of drug. Serum @entity5 was measured as part of the diagnostic workup of 2398 consecutive admissions to an acute medical receiving unit in a district general hospital. Outcome measures were the presence of @entity2 , and whether taking an @entity6 inhibitor, NSAID or diuretic at the time of admission, also previous, initial and follow up serum @entity5 concentrations. Peak serum @entity5 in the 3 cases was 1159, 989 and 765 micromol/l. None of the 3 required dialysis and all recovered renal function completely after receiving large volumes of intravenous fluid. In the cohort study, 89 of 2398(3.7%) admissions had serum @entity5 >/=200 micromol/l. Nine were regular dialysis @entity0 . Of the remaining @entity0 , 30 (37.5%) were taking an @entity6 inhibitor. Six of 30 (20%) gave a history of @entity2 . Median @entity5 concentration in this group was 135 (range 111-209) micromol/l before admission, 292 (216-724) micromol/l when first seen in hospital, and 134 (94-219) micromol/l following the withdrawal of drug therapy and fluid replacement. In conclusion, @entity7 causing @entity4 in @entity0 taking @entity6 inhibitors is not uncommon. Such @entity0 and their general practitioners should be aware that reversible @entity1 may occur during intercurrent illnesses, particularly if characterised by @entity2 .

title: @entity2 , XXXX and @entity6 inhibitors:--an important cause of @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The occurrence of severe @entity4 in 3 @entity0 who developed @entity2 while taking @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitors led us to undertake a retrospective cohort survey to determine the frequency with which @entity2 and @entity3 are associated with @entity4 in @entity0 taking this class of drug. Serum @entity5 was measured as part of the diagnostic workup of 2398 consecutive admissions to an acute medical receiving unit in a district general hospital. Outcome measures were the presence of @entity2 , and whether taking an @entity6 inhibitor, NSAID or diuretic at the time of admission, also previous, initial and follow up serum @entity5 concentrations. Peak serum @entity5 in the 3 cases was 1159, 989 and 765 micromol/l. None of the 3 required dialysis and all recovered renal function completely after receiving large volumes of intravenous fluid. In the cohort study, 89 of 2398(3.7%) admissions had serum @entity5 >/=200 micromol/l. Nine were regular dialysis @entity0 . Of the remaining @entity0 , 30 (37.5%) were taking an @entity6 inhibitor. Six of 30 (20%) gave a history of @entity2 . Median @entity5 concentration in this group was 135 (range 111-209) micromol/l before admission, 292 (216-724) micromol/l when first seen in hospital, and 134 (94-219) micromol/l following the withdrawal of drug therapy and fluid replacement. In conclusion, @entity7 causing @entity4 in @entity0 taking @entity6 inhibitors is not uncommon. Such @entity0 and their general practitioners should be aware that reversible @entity1 may occur during intercurrent illnesses, particularly if characterised by @entity2 .

title: @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity6 inhibitors:--an important cause of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The occurrence of severe @entity4 in 3 @entity0 who developed @entity2 while taking @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitors led us to undertake a retrospective cohort survey to determine the frequency with which @entity2 and @entity3 are associated with @entity4 in @entity0 taking this class of drug. Serum @entity5 was measured as part of the diagnostic workup of 2398 consecutive admissions to an acute medical receiving unit in a district general hospital. Outcome measures were the presence of @entity2 , and whether taking an @entity6 inhibitor, NSAID or diuretic at the time of admission, also previous, initial and follow up serum @entity5 concentrations. Peak serum @entity5 in the 3 cases was 1159, 989 and 765 micromol/l. None of the 3 required dialysis and all recovered renal function completely after receiving large volumes of intravenous fluid. In the cohort study, 89 of 2398(3.7%) admissions had serum @entity5 >/=200 micromol/l. Nine were regular dialysis @entity0 . Of the remaining @entity0 , 30 (37.5%) were taking an @entity6 inhibitor. Six of 30 (20%) gave a history of @entity2 . Median @entity5 concentration in this group was 135 (range 111-209) micromol/l before admission, 292 (216-724) micromol/l when first seen in hospital, and 134 (94-219) micromol/l following the withdrawal of drug therapy and fluid replacement. In conclusion, @entity7 causing @entity4 in @entity0 taking @entity6 inhibitors is not uncommon. Such @entity0 and their general practitioners should be aware that reversible @entity1 may occur during intercurrent illnesses, particularly if characterised by @entity2 .

title: @entity2 , @entity3 and XXXX inhibitors:--an important cause of @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 nutritional status was evaluated longitudinally in 26 pregnant @entity0 (experimental group) during their third trimester of pregnancy and at 2 weeks and 3 months postpartum. Seventeen nonpregnant and nonlactating @entity0 (control group) participated at the same time intervals. All the @entity0 were assessed by the intake calculated from a reported 2-day dietary record and by fasted blood, plasma, and 24-hour urinary levels of @entity2 determined by a radioimmunoassay. Estimated daily mean dietary @entity2 intake and the vitamin density for the experimental group were not statistically different from those for the control group. The dietary @entity2 intake averaged 2.75 mg/1,000 kcal. Average @entity2 blood level of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the @entity2 levels of fasting plasma and urinary excretion. When they did not take @entity1 supplements, members of the experimental group had intakes less than the Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake and lower mean blood values than the members of the control group. This suggests that pregnant and lactating @entity0 need to consume more @entity2 to maintain a blood vitamin level similar to that of nonpregnant @entity0 . This may be achieved by an increased caloric intake, if desirable, or by more careful selection of foods high in the nutrient.

title: XXXX status of pregnant and lactating @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 nutritional status was evaluated longitudinally in 26 pregnant @entity0 (experimental group) during their third trimester of pregnancy and at 2 weeks and 3 months postpartum. Seventeen nonpregnant and nonlactating @entity0 (control group) participated at the same time intervals. All the @entity0 were assessed by the intake calculated from a reported 2-day dietary record and by fasted blood, plasma, and 24-hour urinary levels of @entity2 determined by a radioimmunoassay. Estimated daily mean dietary @entity2 intake and the vitamin density for the experimental group were not statistically different from those for the control group. The dietary @entity2 intake averaged 2.75 mg/1,000 kcal. Average @entity2 blood level of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the @entity2 levels of fasting plasma and urinary excretion. When they did not take @entity1 supplements, members of the experimental group had intakes less than the Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake and lower mean blood values than the members of the control group. This suggests that pregnant and lactating @entity0 need to consume more @entity2 to maintain a blood vitamin level similar to that of nonpregnant @entity0 . This may be achieved by an increased caloric intake, if desirable, or by more careful selection of foods high in the nutrient.

title: @entity1 status of pregnant and lactating XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Shanghai @entity4 Self-Management Program (CDSMP). METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up compared @entity0 who received treatment with those who did not receive treatment (waiting-list controls) in five urban communities in Shanghai, China. @entity0 in the treatment group received education from a lay-led CDSMP course and one copy of a help book immediately; those in the control group received the same education and book six months later. FINDINGS: In total, 954 volunteer @entity0 with a medical record that confirmed a diagnosis of @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity2 , or @entity1 who lived in communities were assigned randomly to treatment (n = 526) and control (n = 428) groups. Overall, 430 (81.7%) and 349 (81.5%) @entity0 in the treatment and control groups completed the six-month study. @entity0 who received treatment had significant improvements in weekly minutes of aerobic exercise, practice of cognitive symptom management, self-efficacy to manage own symptoms, and self-efficacy to manage own disease in general compared with controls. They also had significant improvements in eight indices of health status and, on average, fewer hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: When implemented in Shanghai, the CDSMP was acceptable culturally to Chinese @entity0 . The programme improved @entity0 ' health behaviour, self-efficacy, and health status and reduced the number of hospitalizations six months after the course. The locally based delivery model was integrated into the routine of community government organizations and community health services. Chinese lay leaders taught the CDSMP courses as successfully as professionals.

title: Implementation and quantitative evaluation of XXXX self-management programme in Shanghai, China: randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of a computer-aided evaluation program (CAE) of breast MRI for the assessment of @entity3 extent and response monitoring in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity0 who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI before and after chemotherapy were included as part of this study. For the assessment of @entity3 extent after completion of chemotherapy, the mean @entity2 diameters measured by radiologists and CAE were compared to those on histopathology using a paired student t-test. Moreover, the agreement between unidimensional (1D) measurement by radiologist and histopathological size or 1D measurement by CAE and histopathological size was assessed using the Bland-Altman method. For chemotherapy monitoring, we evaluated @entity2 response through the change in the 1D diameter by a radiologist and CAE and three-dimensional (3D) volumetric change by CAE based on Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity2 (RECIST). Agreement between the 1D response by the radiologist versus the 1D response by CAE as well as by the 3D response by CAE were evaluated using weighted kappa (k) statistics. RESULTS: For the assessment of @entity3 extent after chemotherapy, the mean @entity2 diameter measured by radiologists (2.0    1.7 cm) was significantly smaller than the mean histological diameter (2.6    2.3 cm) (p = 0.01), whereas, no significant difference was found between the CAE measurements (mean = 2.2    2.0 cm) and histological diameter (p = 0.19). The mean difference between the 1D measurement by the radiologist and histopathology was 0.6 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.0, 4.3), whereas the difference between CAE and histopathology was 0.4 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.9, 4.7). For the monitoring of response to chemotherapy, the 1D measurement by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair agreement (k = 0.358), while the 1D measurement by the radiologist and 3D measurement by CAE showed poor agreement (k = 0.106). CONCLUSION: CAE for breast MRI is sufficiently accurate for the assessment of @entity3 extent in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, for the assessment of response to chemotherapy, the assessment by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair to poor agreement.

title: Computer-aided evaluation of breast MRI for the @entity3 extent and response monitoring in XXXX @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of a computer-aided evaluation program (CAE) of breast MRI for the assessment of @entity3 extent and response monitoring in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity0 who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI before and after chemotherapy were included as part of this study. For the assessment of @entity3 extent after completion of chemotherapy, the mean @entity2 diameters measured by radiologists and CAE were compared to those on histopathology using a paired student t-test. Moreover, the agreement between unidimensional (1D) measurement by radiologist and histopathological size or 1D measurement by CAE and histopathological size was assessed using the Bland-Altman method. For chemotherapy monitoring, we evaluated @entity2 response through the change in the 1D diameter by a radiologist and CAE and three-dimensional (3D) volumetric change by CAE based on Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity2 (RECIST). Agreement between the 1D response by the radiologist versus the 1D response by CAE as well as by the 3D response by CAE were evaluated using weighted kappa (k) statistics. RESULTS: For the assessment of @entity3 extent after chemotherapy, the mean @entity2 diameter measured by radiologists (2.0    1.7 cm) was significantly smaller than the mean histological diameter (2.6    2.3 cm) (p = 0.01), whereas, no significant difference was found between the CAE measurements (mean = 2.2    2.0 cm) and histological diameter (p = 0.19). The mean difference between the 1D measurement by the radiologist and histopathology was 0.6 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.0, 4.3), whereas the difference between CAE and histopathology was 0.4 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.9, 4.7). For the monitoring of response to chemotherapy, the 1D measurement by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair agreement (k = 0.358), while the 1D measurement by the radiologist and 3D measurement by CAE showed poor agreement (k = 0.106). CONCLUSION: CAE for breast MRI is sufficiently accurate for the assessment of @entity3 extent in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, for the assessment of response to chemotherapy, the assessment by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair to poor agreement.

title: Computer-aided evaluation of breast MRI for the XXXX extent and response monitoring in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of a computer-aided evaluation program (CAE) of breast MRI for the assessment of @entity3 extent and response monitoring in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity0 who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI before and after chemotherapy were included as part of this study. For the assessment of @entity3 extent after completion of chemotherapy, the mean @entity2 diameters measured by radiologists and CAE were compared to those on histopathology using a paired student t-test. Moreover, the agreement between unidimensional (1D) measurement by radiologist and histopathological size or 1D measurement by CAE and histopathological size was assessed using the Bland-Altman method. For chemotherapy monitoring, we evaluated @entity2 response through the change in the 1D diameter by a radiologist and CAE and three-dimensional (3D) volumetric change by CAE based on Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity2 (RECIST). Agreement between the 1D response by the radiologist versus the 1D response by CAE as well as by the 3D response by CAE were evaluated using weighted kappa (k) statistics. RESULTS: For the assessment of @entity3 extent after chemotherapy, the mean @entity2 diameter measured by radiologists (2.0    1.7 cm) was significantly smaller than the mean histological diameter (2.6    2.3 cm) (p = 0.01), whereas, no significant difference was found between the CAE measurements (mean = 2.2    2.0 cm) and histological diameter (p = 0.19). The mean difference between the 1D measurement by the radiologist and histopathology was 0.6 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.0, 4.3), whereas the difference between CAE and histopathology was 0.4 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.9, 4.7). For the monitoring of response to chemotherapy, the 1D measurement by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair agreement (k = 0.358), while the 1D measurement by the radiologist and 3D measurement by CAE showed poor agreement (k = 0.106). CONCLUSION: CAE for breast MRI is sufficiently accurate for the assessment of @entity3 extent in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, for the assessment of response to chemotherapy, the assessment by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair to poor agreement.

title: Computer-aided evaluation of breast MRI for the @entity3 extent and response monitoring in @entity0 XXXX receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's) reflect the integrity of the central neuronal pathway, and as such may be used to assess function that remains during a variety of cerebral insults. To evaluate the natural history and utility of SEP's during experimental @entity4 and @entity2 , SEP's were measured in 17 adult @entity1 at 24 hours and 1 hour prior to right @entity3 , and again immediately afterward and at either 6 hours (five @entity1 ) or 24 hours (six @entity1 ) post-occlusion. Before occlusion of the right MCA, the SEP's were identical in the right and left hemispheres. After occlusion, there was a significant slowing of the interpeak latency of the first positive peak (P1) in the right hemisphere (3.53 +/- 0.6 msec before compared to 3.99 +/- 0.6 msec after occlusion, p less than 0.001). Maximal slowing in right hemisphere P1 latency was seen in those animals in which the @entity0 extended into the thalamus (4.38 +/- 0.1 msec). This was significantly slower than left hemisphere values (3.92 +/- 0.32 msec, p less than 0.01). The ipsilateral cortical components of the SEP's, the second positive peak (P2), and the major negative deflection (MN) were slowed in all @entity1 immediately after right MCA occlusion compared to preocclusion measurements (p less than 0.001). Severe @entity2 in the mid-suprasylvian and posterior ectosylvian gyri (including the somatosensory cortex) resulted in a greater slowing of the latency of MN compared to less severe @entity2 in that region (20.6 +/- 3.9 msec versus 16.4 +/- 1.1 msec, p less than 0.05). There was a precipitous decrease in the amplitude or voltage of the ipsilateral P2-MN complex immediately after occlusion (5.32 +/- 0.4 microV before compared to 0.98 +/- 0.3 microV after occlusion, p less than 0.001). Therefore, the central latencies and cortical amplitudes of the SEP's are sensitive experimental tools as indicators of the onset and extent of a cerebral ischemic insult.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials as a measure of experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The mechanisms by which @entity2 (NO) influences myocardial @entity1 cycling remain controversial. Because NO synthases (NOS) have specific spatial localization in cardiac myocytes, we hypothesized that neuronal NOS ( @entity6 ) found in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) preferentially regulates SR @entity1 release and reuptake resulting in potentiation of the cardiac force-frequency response (FFR). Transesophageal pacing (660 to 840 bpm) in intact C57Bl/6 @entity0 ( @entity4 ) stimulated both contractility (dP/dtmax normalized to end-diastolic volume; dP/dt- @entity7 ) by 51+/-5% (P<0.001) and lusitropy (tau; tau) by 20.3+/-2.0% (P<0.05). These responses were markedly attenuated in @entity0 lacking @entity6 ( @entity6 -/-) (15+/-2% increase in dP/dt- @entity7 ; P<0.001 versus @entity4 ; and no change in tau; P<0.01 versus @entity4 ). Isolated myocytes from @entity6 -/- (approximately 2 months of age) also exhibited suppressed frequency-dependent sarcomere shortening and @entity1 transients ([ @entity1 ]i) compared with @entity4 . SR @entity1 stores, a primary determinant of the FFR, increased at higher frequencies in @entity4 ( @entity3 -induced [ @entity1 ]i at 4 Hz increased 107+/-23% above 1 Hz response) but not in @entity6 -/- (13+/-26%; P<0.01 versus @entity4 ). In contrast, @entity0 lacking @entity5 ( @entity5 -/-) had preserved FFR in vivo, as well as in isolated myocytes with parallel increases in sarcomere shortening, [ @entity1 ]i, and SR @entity1 stores. @entity6 -/- had increased SR @entity1 ATPase and decreased phospholamban protein abundance, suggesting compensatory increases in SR reuptake mechanisms. Together these data demonstrate that @entity6 selectively regulates the cardiac FFR via influences over SR @entity1 cycling. Thus, there is NOS isoform-specific regulation of different facets of rate-dependent excitation-contraction coupling; inactivation of @entity6 has the potential to contribute to the pathophysiology of states characterized by diminished frequency-dependent inotropic responses.

title: XXXX regulation of myocardial contractility and calcium cycling: independent impact of neuronal and endothelial @entity2 synthases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mechanisms by which @entity2 (NO) influences myocardial @entity1 cycling remain controversial. Because NO synthases (NOS) have specific spatial localization in cardiac myocytes, we hypothesized that neuronal NOS ( @entity6 ) found in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) preferentially regulates SR @entity1 release and reuptake resulting in potentiation of the cardiac force-frequency response (FFR). Transesophageal pacing (660 to 840 bpm) in intact C57Bl/6 @entity0 ( @entity4 ) stimulated both contractility (dP/dtmax normalized to end-diastolic volume; dP/dt- @entity7 ) by 51+/-5% (P<0.001) and lusitropy (tau; tau) by 20.3+/-2.0% (P<0.05). These responses were markedly attenuated in @entity0 lacking @entity6 ( @entity6 -/-) (15+/-2% increase in dP/dt- @entity7 ; P<0.001 versus @entity4 ; and no change in tau; P<0.01 versus @entity4 ). Isolated myocytes from @entity6 -/- (approximately 2 months of age) also exhibited suppressed frequency-dependent sarcomere shortening and @entity1 transients ([ @entity1 ]i) compared with @entity4 . SR @entity1 stores, a primary determinant of the FFR, increased at higher frequencies in @entity4 ( @entity3 -induced [ @entity1 ]i at 4 Hz increased 107+/-23% above 1 Hz response) but not in @entity6 -/- (13+/-26%; P<0.01 versus @entity4 ). In contrast, @entity0 lacking @entity5 ( @entity5 -/-) had preserved FFR in vivo, as well as in isolated myocytes with parallel increases in sarcomere shortening, [ @entity1 ]i, and SR @entity1 stores. @entity6 -/- had increased SR @entity1 ATPase and decreased phospholamban protein abundance, suggesting compensatory increases in SR reuptake mechanisms. Together these data demonstrate that @entity6 selectively regulates the cardiac FFR via influences over SR @entity1 cycling. Thus, there is NOS isoform-specific regulation of different facets of rate-dependent excitation-contraction coupling; inactivation of @entity6 has the potential to contribute to the pathophysiology of states characterized by diminished frequency-dependent inotropic responses.

title: @entity2 regulation of myocardial contractility and calcium cycling: independent impact of neuronal and endothelial XXXX synthases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 was instituted in 10 @entity8 when @entity5 . @entity2 was produced by infusion of @entity7 , and the left ventricle was fully supported by left heart bypass. A stable model of failure was achieved in six @entity8 . Following application of pulmonary @entity4 right atrial pressure decreased from 18.2 +/- 2.1 to 15.9 +/- 2.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Cardiac output increased from 416 +/- 94 to 758 +/- 127 ml/min (p less than 0.001). Right @entity0 work increased from 0.29 +/- 0.07 to 0.65 +/- 0.12 gm X m. (p less than 0.05). There was no cardiac output before or after institution of balloon counterpulsation in four @entity8 studied during @entity9 or @entity6 . We conclude that pulmonary @entity4 improved cardiac output and right @entity0 work in a model of @entity1 where the pulmonary circulation was unaltered and the left ventricle supported by left heart bypass. Balloon counterpulsation was not effective during @entity9 or @entity6 . @entity3 should be considered when @entity5 during left heart bypass.

title: XXXX in the management of right heart failure during left heart bypass.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 @entity0 are impaired on recall and recognition of studied items (true memory) and typically make more false recall (intrusions) and false recognition than controls, reflecting greater susceptibility to false memory. The functional mechanisms underlying these deficits are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine recollection and familiarity in true and false memory in @entity1 adolescents without long-term exposure to medication and repeated hospitalisations. METHODS: Seventeen adolescents with @entity1 and 17 matched controls were tested on a DRM false memory paradigm combined with a remember (R)/know (K)/guess (G) procedure. Recall and recognition of targets (studied words), critical lures (associated words) and unrelated distractors were measured. Between-group comparisons were made using t-tests and mixed ANOVAs. Independent estimates for recollection and familiarity were also calculated. RESULTS: True memory was impaired in @entity0 . Similar rates of false memory for critical lures were found in both groups. False memory for unrelated distractors was increased in @entity0 . Contrary to controls, who attributed more R and K responses to targets than lures, @entity0 attributed similar proportions of R and K responses to targets and lures. Furthermore, @entity0 attributed more K responses than controls to all distractors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a deficit in recollection- and familiarity-based memory in @entity1 adolescents as well as reliance on preserved gist or meaning-based memory to support poor item-specific memory.

title: True and false memories in adolescents with XXXX : evidence for impaired recollection and familiarity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 is the one of the most prescribed antiepileptic drugs in treatment of partial and generalized @entity2 . Its efficacy in treatment of @entity2 was discovered incidentally during the trials of neuroleptic drugs. Generally it is well tolerated with relatively rare serious side effects. Therapy is introduced gradually, with mean dose between 10-20 mg/kg, and given this way it has the least side effects. Aim of the study was to assess interaction between efficacy, tolerability and overall efficacy of the first prescribed drug, in this case @entity4 , in the group of @entity0 with partial @entity2 and generalized @entity2 . @entity0 hospitalized at University Pediatric Hospital in Sarajevo with newly diagnosed @entity1 and started therapy with @entity4 in period from 07.1999 to 07.2002 were investigated. There were 89 @entity0 that fulfilled the criteria. In 29 @entity0 @entity2 remitted after the introduction of therapy (32.58%). After the subsequent correction of therapy further 8 @entity0 were @entity2 free. In total, drug was efficient as a monotherapy in 68 @entity0 (76.40%). Other antiepileptic drugs or polytherapy with @entity4 were tried in the @entity0 that were not @entity2 free. Adverse effects were reported in 28 @entity0 (31.46%). The most frequent was benign leucopoenia (16 @entity0 , 17.97%) that did not require changes in therapy. @entity3 was found in 8 @entity0 (8.98%), out of which in 6 therapy had to be stopped. Compliance with therapeutic regime was slightly better with controlled release formulation (89.98%) then with simplex formulation (77.52%), but generally was good. We think that @entity4 is still the drug of the first choice in treatment of @entity0 with partial @entity1 and generalized @entity2 . It showed good overall efficacy with relatively rare serious side effects.

title: [Efficacy and tolerability of @entity4 as the initial drug used in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 is the one of the most prescribed antiepileptic drugs in treatment of partial and generalized @entity2 . Its efficacy in treatment of @entity2 was discovered incidentally during the trials of neuroleptic drugs. Generally it is well tolerated with relatively rare serious side effects. Therapy is introduced gradually, with mean dose between 10-20 mg/kg, and given this way it has the least side effects. Aim of the study was to assess interaction between efficacy, tolerability and overall efficacy of the first prescribed drug, in this case @entity4 , in the group of @entity0 with partial @entity2 and generalized @entity2 . @entity0 hospitalized at University Pediatric Hospital in Sarajevo with newly diagnosed @entity1 and started therapy with @entity4 in period from 07.1999 to 07.2002 were investigated. There were 89 @entity0 that fulfilled the criteria. In 29 @entity0 @entity2 remitted after the introduction of therapy (32.58%). After the subsequent correction of therapy further 8 @entity0 were @entity2 free. In total, drug was efficient as a monotherapy in 68 @entity0 (76.40%). Other antiepileptic drugs or polytherapy with @entity4 were tried in the @entity0 that were not @entity2 free. Adverse effects were reported in 28 @entity0 (31.46%). The most frequent was benign leucopoenia (16 @entity0 , 17.97%) that did not require changes in therapy. @entity3 was found in 8 @entity0 (8.98%), out of which in 6 therapy had to be stopped. Compliance with therapeutic regime was slightly better with controlled release formulation (89.98%) then with simplex formulation (77.52%), but generally was good. We think that @entity4 is still the drug of the first choice in treatment of @entity0 with partial @entity1 and generalized @entity2 . It showed good overall efficacy with relatively rare serious side effects.

title: [Efficacy and tolerability of XXXX as the initial drug used in the treatment of @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report a case of late-onset @entity1 due to @entity4 over dose, and its successful reversal with 20% lipid emulsion (20% Intralipos). A 40-year-old @entity0 , 40 kg, ASA-I, was scheduled for laparoscopy-assisted myomectomy of the uterus in which 40 ml of 0.375% @entity4 was injected for bilateral US guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAPblock) under general anesthesia. Anesthesia proceeded uneventfully and she could go back to the ward 15 min later, but 3 hours after TAPblock, her blood pressure dropped to seventies and she became unresponsive. She also displayed @entity2 /twitching of limbs. Immediately after @entity5 2 mg injection, @entity2 disappeared and she could obey verbal commands. Within a few minutes @entity2 was noted again, and she was @entity3 despite administration of vasopressors. A presumptive diagnosis of @entity1 was made, and she received 100 ml bolus of 20% Intralipos. She regained consciousness with spontaneous return of blood pressure. She received a total of 230 ml 20% Intralipos, which was discontinued due to her rapid emergence with no further @entity2 episodes. This case suggests that early and sufficient use of lipid emulsion may lead to a good outcome. We recommend the immediate availability of lipid emulsion along with other emergency therapeutics at the ward after TAPblock.

title: [ @entity4 -induced late-onset XXXX after transversus abdominis plane block under general anesthesia: successful reversal with 20% lipid emulsion].

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report a case of late-onset @entity1 due to @entity4 over dose, and its successful reversal with 20% lipid emulsion (20% Intralipos). A 40-year-old @entity0 , 40 kg, ASA-I, was scheduled for laparoscopy-assisted myomectomy of the uterus in which 40 ml of 0.375% @entity4 was injected for bilateral US guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAPblock) under general anesthesia. Anesthesia proceeded uneventfully and she could go back to the ward 15 min later, but 3 hours after TAPblock, her blood pressure dropped to seventies and she became unresponsive. She also displayed @entity2 /twitching of limbs. Immediately after @entity5 2 mg injection, @entity2 disappeared and she could obey verbal commands. Within a few minutes @entity2 was noted again, and she was @entity3 despite administration of vasopressors. A presumptive diagnosis of @entity1 was made, and she received 100 ml bolus of 20% Intralipos. She regained consciousness with spontaneous return of blood pressure. She received a total of 230 ml 20% Intralipos, which was discontinued due to her rapid emergence with no further @entity2 episodes. This case suggests that early and sufficient use of lipid emulsion may lead to a good outcome. We recommend the immediate availability of lipid emulsion along with other emergency therapeutics at the ward after TAPblock.

title: [ XXXX -induced late-onset @entity1 after transversus abdominis plane block under general anesthesia: successful reversal with 20% lipid emulsion].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 present to and are managed by a variety of clinicians. In this study the effect of involvement by a respiratory physician on the diagnosis, staging, treatment and survival of a large unselected group of @entity1 @entity0 was investigated. The study population was derived from the Scottish Cancer Registry. A total of 3,855 @entity0 diagnosed during 1995 with @entity1 were studied. The data were validated and supplemented by references to medical records. The study found that a respiratory physician had been involved in the initial management of 2,901 (75.3%) @entity0 . These @entity0 were found more likely to have had the @entity2 diagnosis confirmed by histological methods and to have received active treatment with surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Survival, 1 yr after diagnosis was higher in @entity0 who saw a respiratory physician (24.4 versus 11.1%) and benefit was found to have remained 3 yrs after diagnosis (8.1 versus 3.7%). Although the @entity0 who had not seen a respiratory physician were generally older, and had more extensive disease, after correcting for age, stage and other prognostic factors, the relative hazard ratio of @entity3 for those not managed by a respiratory physician was 1.44. The data from this study supports the recommendations of recent @entity1 guidelines for the early involvement by a respiratory physician.

title: XXXX : the importance of seeing a respiratory physician.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The use of @entity2 is one of the methods put forward for the strengthening and speeding up the process of labor. After identification of glucocorticoid receptors in @entity0 amnion, the role of corticosteroids in starting the process of labor has been studied in numerous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous @entity4 on preparing the cervix and on labor induction. A randomized, clinical, and double-blind trial was conducted on 172 @entity0 divided into a control and an experimental group. The inclusion criteria were that they had to be primparous, in or before the 40th week of pregnancy, and with Bishop scores (B.S.s) of 4 or lower. The exclusion criteria were @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity6 , twin pregnancy, rupture of the membrane (ROM), breech, and @entity0 suffering from background diseases. The B.S.s of the @entity0 was measured in charge of the study, and each @entity0 was intravenously injected with eight milligrams of @entity4 or eight milligrams of distilled water. Four hours after the injections, the B.S.s of the @entity0 was measured, and they were put under the conditions of labor induction using @entity3 . Information was collected in checklists A and B. The @entity0 were compared with respect to B.S., the time the induction started, the average interval between the start of induction and the beginning of the active phase of childbirth, and the average length of time between the start of the active phase and the second stage of childbirth. The first and five minutes Apgar scores of the two groups of @entity0 were compared. The frequencies, the means,   and the standard deviations were calculated using the SPSS - 16 software, and analysis of the results was performed with the Student's t- test and the chi-square test with P.

title: Effect of Intravenous XXXX on Preparing the Cervix and Labor Induction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), located at the base of the nasal cavity, serves as a major site for the induction of mucosal immune responses against airway antigens. The follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) covering the luminal surface of NALT is characterized by the presence of microfold cells (M cells), which take up and transport luminal antigens to lymphocytes. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has recently been identified as a reliable marker for M cells in Peyer's patches of the intestine. However, the expression of @entity4 and other functional molecules in the M cells of NALT has not yet been examined. We have immunohistochemically detected @entity4 -expressing cells in the FAE of NALT and the simultaneous expression of other intestinal M-cell markers, namely @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity3 . These cells have been further identified as M cells because of their higher uptake capacity of luminal microbeads. Electron microscopic observations have shown that @entity4 -expressing cells on the FAE display morphological features typical of M cells: they possess short microvilli and microfolds on the luminal surface and are closely associated with intraepithelial lymphocytes. We have also found that the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is expressed by stromal cells underneath the FAE, which provides its receptor RANK. The administration of @entity1 markedly increases the number of @entity4 (+) @entity5 (+) cells on the NALT FAE and that of intestinal M cells. These results suggest that @entity4 (+) @entity5 (+) cells in NALT are equivalent to intestinal M cells, and that @entity1 -RANK signaling induces their differentiation.

title: XXXX regulates differentiation of microfold cells in @entity0 nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), located at the base of the nasal cavity, serves as a major site for the induction of mucosal immune responses against airway antigens. The follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) covering the luminal surface of NALT is characterized by the presence of microfold cells (M cells), which take up and transport luminal antigens to lymphocytes. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has recently been identified as a reliable marker for M cells in Peyer's patches of the intestine. However, the expression of @entity4 and other functional molecules in the M cells of NALT has not yet been examined. We have immunohistochemically detected @entity4 -expressing cells in the FAE of NALT and the simultaneous expression of other intestinal M-cell markers, namely @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity3 . These cells have been further identified as M cells because of their higher uptake capacity of luminal microbeads. Electron microscopic observations have shown that @entity4 -expressing cells on the FAE display morphological features typical of M cells: they possess short microvilli and microfolds on the luminal surface and are closely associated with intraepithelial lymphocytes. We have also found that the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is expressed by stromal cells underneath the FAE, which provides its receptor RANK. The administration of @entity1 markedly increases the number of @entity4 (+) @entity5 (+) cells on the NALT FAE and that of intestinal M cells. These results suggest that @entity4 (+) @entity5 (+) cells in NALT are equivalent to intestinal M cells, and that @entity1 -RANK signaling induces their differentiation.

title: @entity1 regulates differentiation of microfold cells in XXXX nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cholinergic systems in the dorsal horn are involved in antinociception but little is known about the organisation of receptors that mediate this process. In this study we examined immunocytochemical properties of dorsal horn neuronal cell bodies that express the m2 muscarinic @entity1 receptor. Tissue was examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantitative analysis performed. Immunoreactive cells were found throughout the dorsal horn and in lamina X. Quantitative analysis revealed that 22% of neuronal somata in the dorsal horn possess the receptor. The greatest concentration of cells was found in deeper laminae (IV-VI) and around lamina X. A proportion of cholinergic cells (labelled with an antibody against @entity3 acetyltransferase) were immunoreactive for the receptor (approximately, 40% of dorsal horn cells and 44% of lamina X cells). Populations of presumed inhibitory interneurons also displayed immunoreactivity for the receptor. Between 27-34% of cells immunoreactive for @entity2 , @entity0 synthase and the @entity4 receptor(2A) expressed the receptor but only 8% of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells displayed receptor immunoreactivity. Cells labelled with neurotensin, which belong to a subgroup of excitatory neurons, displayed no receptor immunoreactivity. A small number @entity5 receptor-immunoreactive cells in lamina I possessed m2 immunoreactivity but 42% of laminae III/IV @entity5 cells possessed it. This study shows that a significant proportion of cell bodies in the dorsal horn express the muscarinic m2 @entity1 receptor. The receptor is present on some cholinergic neurons and therefore may function as an autoreceptor. It is associated with inhibitory local circuit neurons and may have a role in the modulation of specific inhibitory systems. It is also found on a proportion of projection cells that possess the @entity5 receptor. This could be the basis of some of the antinociceptive actions of @entity1 .

title: Distribution of and organisation of dorsal horn neuronal cell bodies that possess the muscarinic m2 XXXX receptor.

answer: @entity1


abstract: With the help of results on the metabolism and the carcinogenic activities of @entity1 ( @entity2 ), the comprehensive metabolic process in vivo is discussed. It is thought that the carcinogenic activity exhibited by a @entity2 is determined by the competition between the @entity0 and @entity3 in which it participates. It is suggested that the essential agent of @entity0 should be, as a rule, the highest delocalization energy (beta unit) of the @entity5 ion at the @entity4 (A region), which is obtained by the pertubational molecular orbit (PMO) method. Since there are no essential distinctions in the molecular geometry and delocalization energy states between two @entity5 ions of the @entity4 and of the bay region, the A region can be looked upon as the extended bay region. On the basis of discussion of the overall metabolism, evaluation of the @entity3 efficacy of each kind of the competing carcinogenic factors, including the biological factor B and three structural factors of the @entity2 molecule: K, A and L, was made. After making necessary approximation, K = 0.228, A = 0.5, L = 1.22 and B = 0.7 are obtained. It can be seen from these values that the L region plays the most important role in @entity3 processes, and the K region plays the least important role. The effect of biological factor B is approximately the sum of the K region and the A region. This paper suggests the concept of a carcinogenic constant. For the @entity2 with the same number of aromatic rings (N), C is a constant. The curve of function C = f(N), including the extensional line, is an isosceles triangle. The author suggests that it should be called the 'Pyramid Rule'. The final form of the quantitative equation is log R = C[delta E3deloc/(0.7 + 0.228nk + 0.5na + 1.22n1)]. The values for 50 @entity2 which had been tested by animal experiments were calculated. Of these, 92% of the @entity2 are in agreement with experiments on carcinogenic activities.

title: Study of the carcinogenic mechanism for XXXX --extended bay region theory and its quantitative model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Clinical Trials Subcommittee of the International @entity1 Society (IHS) recommends that a placebo arm is included in comparative @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of multiple prophylactic drugs due to the highly variable placebo response in @entity3 prophylaxis studies. The use of placebo control in such trials has not been systematically assessed. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of all comparative @entity2 of prophylactic drug treatment of @entity3 published in English from 2002 to 2014. PubMed was searched using the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy for identifying reports of @entity2 . RESULTS: A placebo arm was used in <10% (three of 31) of prophylactic @entity2 in @entity3 . In only 7.1% (two of 28) of the comparative @entity2 without placebo was one drug superior to another drug. Thus in 26 @entity2 , including one study requiring more than 75,000 @entity0 days, no difference was identified across treatment arms and conclusions regarding drug superiority could not be drawn. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of comparative, prophylactic @entity3 @entity2 do not include a placebo arm. Failure to include a placebo arm may result in failure to demonstrate efficacy of potentially effective @entity3 -prophylactic agents. In order to benefit current and future @entity0 , the current strong tendency to omit placebo-controls in these @entity2 should be replaced by adherence to the guidelines of the IHS.

title: General lack of use of placebo in prophylactic, randomised, controlled trials in adult XXXX . A systematic review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was the investigation of hormonal and ovarian follicular dynamics in prepuberal buffaloes ( @entity1 ) bred in Italy. Eleven 5-9-month old buffalo @entity0 ranging in weight from 122 to 270kg, maintained under controlled nutritional and environmental conditions, underwent 50 days of ultrasonographic ovarian follicular monitoring in the months of October-December. Blood sampling for E(2) and FSH determination and ultrasonographic monitoring using a 7.5MHz linear probe and an ALOKA SSD-500 monitor were performed daily. No differences in any of the parameters under study were highlighted when @entity0 were divided into two weight categories (<200 and >200kg) and thus data were pooled. In this study, values are reported as mean+/-S.D. A range of two-six regular follicular waves was reported among @entity0 with an average of 4+/-1.1. Overall interval (days) between wave emergence was 9.9+/-2.8 and largest diameters (mm) of dominant and first subordinate follicles were 8.4+/-1.2 and 4.8+/-0.6, respectively (P<0.05). With the exception of one @entity0 , some minor follicular waves (short waves or SWs; 1.6+/-1), lasting <10 days (6.1+/-1.2) were reported. They were monitored contemporaneously on the ovary contralateral (n=7) or ipsilateral (n=3) to the main follicular wave. Growth rate (mm per day) of dominant follicles (DF) was significantly faster than for corresponding subordinate follicles (SF) and follicles of SWs (1.08+/-0.2 versus 0.79+/-0.1 and 0.83+/-0.1, respectively, P<0.05). The static phase (days) lasted longer in DF compared to SF and SW (5.4+/-1.8 versus 2.4+/-1.2 and 2.6+/-1, respectively, P<0.05). The regressing phase (mm per day) was similar among DF, SF and SW (0.86+/-0.2, 0.94+/-0.2 and 0.84+/-0.1, respectively, P=0.09). Episodic spikes of E(2) and FSH were reported, corresponding to wave development throughout the course of investigation. In conclusion, the majority of buffalo @entity0 displayed a typical pattern of regular follicular development in conjunction with a dynamic trend of ovarian and hypophyseal hormones. Some minor follicle turnover was reported with parallel main follicular waves.

title: Hormonal dynamics and follicular turnover in prepuberal Mediterranean Italian buffaloes ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an @entity2 associated with an increased predisposition to @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity6 typically present with a characteristic @entity5 ( @entity6 ), small stature, and @entity4 . Mutations in the @entity7 gene, which encodes a RecQ DNA helicase, have been reported in a few @entity6 @entity0 . We examined whether a predisposition to developing @entity3 among an international cohort of @entity6 @entity0 was associated with a distinctive pattern of mutations in the @entity7 gene. METHODS: We obtained clinical information about and biologic samples from 33 @entity6 @entity0 (age range = 1-30 years). Eleven @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity3 . All 21 exons and 13 short introns of the @entity7 gene were sequenced from the genomic DNA of all subjects. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the incidence of @entity3 among @entity0 with and without mutations predicted to produce a truncated @entity7 protein. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity6 @entity0 , including all 11 @entity3 @entity0 , carried at least one of 19 truncating mutations in their @entity7 genes. The incidence of @entity3 was 0.00 per year in truncating mutation-negative @entity0 (100 @entity0 -years of observation) and 0.05 per year in truncating mutation-positive @entity0 (230 @entity0 -years of observation) (P =.037; two-sided log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Mutations predicted to result in the loss of @entity7 protein function occurred in approximately two-thirds of @entity6 @entity0 and are associated with risk of @entity3 . Molecular diagnosis has the potential to identify those @entity0 with @entity6 who are at high risk of this @entity1 .

title: Association between XXXX and deleterious mutations in the @entity7 gene in @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an @entity2 associated with an increased predisposition to @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity6 typically present with a characteristic @entity5 ( @entity6 ), small stature, and @entity4 . Mutations in the @entity7 gene, which encodes a RecQ DNA helicase, have been reported in a few @entity6 @entity0 . We examined whether a predisposition to developing @entity3 among an international cohort of @entity6 @entity0 was associated with a distinctive pattern of mutations in the @entity7 gene. METHODS: We obtained clinical information about and biologic samples from 33 @entity6 @entity0 (age range = 1-30 years). Eleven @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity3 . All 21 exons and 13 short introns of the @entity7 gene were sequenced from the genomic DNA of all subjects. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the incidence of @entity3 among @entity0 with and without mutations predicted to produce a truncated @entity7 protein. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity6 @entity0 , including all 11 @entity3 @entity0 , carried at least one of 19 truncating mutations in their @entity7 genes. The incidence of @entity3 was 0.00 per year in truncating mutation-negative @entity0 (100 @entity0 -years of observation) and 0.05 per year in truncating mutation-positive @entity0 (230 @entity0 -years of observation) (P =.037; two-sided log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Mutations predicted to result in the loss of @entity7 protein function occurred in approximately two-thirds of @entity6 @entity0 and are associated with risk of @entity3 . Molecular diagnosis has the potential to identify those @entity0 with @entity6 who are at high risk of this @entity1 .

title: Association between @entity3 and deleterious mutations in the @entity7 gene in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an @entity2 associated with an increased predisposition to @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity6 typically present with a characteristic @entity5 ( @entity6 ), small stature, and @entity4 . Mutations in the @entity7 gene, which encodes a RecQ DNA helicase, have been reported in a few @entity6 @entity0 . We examined whether a predisposition to developing @entity3 among an international cohort of @entity6 @entity0 was associated with a distinctive pattern of mutations in the @entity7 gene. METHODS: We obtained clinical information about and biologic samples from 33 @entity6 @entity0 (age range = 1-30 years). Eleven @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity3 . All 21 exons and 13 short introns of the @entity7 gene were sequenced from the genomic DNA of all subjects. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the incidence of @entity3 among @entity0 with and without mutations predicted to produce a truncated @entity7 protein. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity6 @entity0 , including all 11 @entity3 @entity0 , carried at least one of 19 truncating mutations in their @entity7 genes. The incidence of @entity3 was 0.00 per year in truncating mutation-negative @entity0 (100 @entity0 -years of observation) and 0.05 per year in truncating mutation-positive @entity0 (230 @entity0 -years of observation) (P =.037; two-sided log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Mutations predicted to result in the loss of @entity7 protein function occurred in approximately two-thirds of @entity6 @entity0 and are associated with risk of @entity3 . Molecular diagnosis has the potential to identify those @entity0 with @entity6 who are at high risk of this @entity1 .

title: Association between @entity3 and deleterious mutations in the XXXX gene in @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Eosinophils are seen together with neutrophils at sites of @entity2 . However, their roles are not clear. In addition, eosinophils infiltrate @entity1 tissue in some @entity1 . In this study, we show that large amounts of the neutrophil-activating CXC chemokine growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha can be produced by @entity0 eosinophils. Eosinophils showed presence of preformed @entity8 in the crystalloid-containing specific granules (190 @entity5 x 10(6) cells). During incubation, a strong increase in @entity8 gene expression was seen. At a low cell density, addition of @entity3 or @entity7 increased the production of @entity8 in eosinophils, which was not the case at a higher cell density. Eosinophils can produce @entity3 themselves, and neutralizing Abs against @entity3 significantly inhibited @entity8 production. This suggests that autocrine and paracrine effects from @entity3 can be important when up-regulating @entity8 gene expression. In contrast, @entity4 , a prototypic Th1-cytokine, down-regulated expression of @entity8 . This may be important during resolution of @entity2 but also suggests different roles for eosinophils depending on the inflammatory context. @entity1 eosinophils in @entity6 of the nodular sclerosing type are associated with a poor prognosis. Eosinophils from such @entity1 tissue showed an abundant expression of @entity8 . The @entity8 receptor @entity9 was also detected in @entity1 tissue, proposing interactions between eosinophils and the @entity1 . Our findings suggest that eosinophils can promote @entity2 through recruitment of @entity9 -bearing cells. In addition, this feature of the eosinophils indicates a role for these cells in the biology of certain @entity1 .

title: Expression and production of the CXC chemokine growth-related oncogene-alpha by XXXX eosinophils.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 has always been considered an absolute contraindication to hepatectomy for liver @entity1 . The present study reports the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of @entity0 undergoing resection of @entity3 simultaneously with hepatectomy for liver @entity1 . METHODS: From January 1987 to January 2001, 111 (30 per cent) of 376 @entity0 who had hepatectomy for @entity2 underwent simultaneous resection of @entity3 with curative intent. RESULTS: Surgery was considered R0 in 77 @entity0 (69 per cent) and palliative ( @entity4 ) in 34 @entity0 (31 per cent). The mortality rate was 4 per cent and the morbidity rate 28 per cent. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years, the overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 38 and 20 per cent respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate of @entity0 with R0 resection only (n = 75) was 29 per cent. The difference in survival between @entity0 with and without @entity3 discovered incidentally at operation was significant, as was the number of liver @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 who also have liver @entity1 should no longer be considered an absolute contraindication to hepatectomy. However, the presence of more than five liver @entity1 and the incidental intraoperative discovery of @entity3 remain contraindications to hepatic resection.

title: @entity3 does not contraindicate hepatectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 has always been considered an absolute contraindication to hepatectomy for liver @entity1 . The present study reports the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of @entity0 undergoing resection of @entity3 simultaneously with hepatectomy for liver @entity1 . METHODS: From January 1987 to January 2001, 111 (30 per cent) of 376 @entity0 who had hepatectomy for @entity2 underwent simultaneous resection of @entity3 with curative intent. RESULTS: Surgery was considered R0 in 77 @entity0 (69 per cent) and palliative ( @entity4 ) in 34 @entity0 (31 per cent). The mortality rate was 4 per cent and the morbidity rate 28 per cent. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years, the overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 38 and 20 per cent respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate of @entity0 with R0 resection only (n = 75) was 29 per cent. The difference in survival between @entity0 with and without @entity3 discovered incidentally at operation was significant, as was the number of liver @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 who also have liver @entity1 should no longer be considered an absolute contraindication to hepatectomy. However, the presence of more than five liver @entity1 and the incidental intraoperative discovery of @entity3 remain contraindications to hepatic resection.

title: XXXX does not contraindicate hepatectomy for @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this double-blind, randomized control trial was to compare the effectiveness of intra-articular @entity5 alone or with @entity4 or @entity8 for controlling @entity1 after arthroscopic knee surgery. One hundred fifty-six @entity0 scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy were recruited. All @entity0 received general anesthesia and were randomly assigned to 4 groups to receive intra-articular @entity5 40 mg (group R), @entity5 24 mg plus @entity4 8 mg (group R+M), @entity5 36 mg plus @entity8 100 mg (group R+K), or normal saline (group N/S). @entity1 , sedation, orientation, @entity2 , @entity3 , and urine retention were recorded at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. @entity1 was evaluated by a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). When the @entity1 was >2, a suppository of 400 mg @entity6 plus 10 mg @entity9 plus 50 mg @entity7 was given. Results showed that at 4 hours postoperatively, @entity1 differed significantly among the 4 groups (P<.001), with @entity1 recorded in the R+M group. Similarly, the number of suppositories administered postoperatively to the R+M group was significantly less (P<.001) vs the other groups. @entity0 who received @entity5 and @entity4 or normal saline had a higher incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 vs the other groups (P=.001 and P=.036, respectively). The combination of intra-articular @entity5 and @entity4 is associated with @entity1 after knee arthroscopy during early recovery but with a higher incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 . However, the addition of @entity8 to @entity5 provides relatively satisfactory @entity1 relief, but with fewer side effects compared to @entity4 .

title: Intra-articular @entity4 enhances analgesic efficacy of XXXX for knee arthroscopy in ambulatory @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this double-blind, randomized control trial was to compare the effectiveness of intra-articular @entity5 alone or with @entity4 or @entity8 for controlling @entity1 after arthroscopic knee surgery. One hundred fifty-six @entity0 scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy were recruited. All @entity0 received general anesthesia and were randomly assigned to 4 groups to receive intra-articular @entity5 40 mg (group R), @entity5 24 mg plus @entity4 8 mg (group R+M), @entity5 36 mg plus @entity8 100 mg (group R+K), or normal saline (group N/S). @entity1 , sedation, orientation, @entity2 , @entity3 , and urine retention were recorded at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. @entity1 was evaluated by a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). When the @entity1 was >2, a suppository of 400 mg @entity6 plus 10 mg @entity9 plus 50 mg @entity7 was given. Results showed that at 4 hours postoperatively, @entity1 differed significantly among the 4 groups (P<.001), with @entity1 recorded in the R+M group. Similarly, the number of suppositories administered postoperatively to the R+M group was significantly less (P<.001) vs the other groups. @entity0 who received @entity5 and @entity4 or normal saline had a higher incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 vs the other groups (P=.001 and P=.036, respectively). The combination of intra-articular @entity5 and @entity4 is associated with @entity1 after knee arthroscopy during early recovery but with a higher incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 . However, the addition of @entity8 to @entity5 provides relatively satisfactory @entity1 relief, but with fewer side effects compared to @entity4 .

title: Intra-articular XXXX enhances analgesic efficacy of @entity5 for knee arthroscopy in ambulatory @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this double-blind, randomized control trial was to compare the effectiveness of intra-articular @entity5 alone or with @entity4 or @entity8 for controlling @entity1 after arthroscopic knee surgery. One hundred fifty-six @entity0 scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy were recruited. All @entity0 received general anesthesia and were randomly assigned to 4 groups to receive intra-articular @entity5 40 mg (group R), @entity5 24 mg plus @entity4 8 mg (group R+M), @entity5 36 mg plus @entity8 100 mg (group R+K), or normal saline (group N/S). @entity1 , sedation, orientation, @entity2 , @entity3 , and urine retention were recorded at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. @entity1 was evaluated by a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). When the @entity1 was >2, a suppository of 400 mg @entity6 plus 10 mg @entity9 plus 50 mg @entity7 was given. Results showed that at 4 hours postoperatively, @entity1 differed significantly among the 4 groups (P<.001), with @entity1 recorded in the R+M group. Similarly, the number of suppositories administered postoperatively to the R+M group was significantly less (P<.001) vs the other groups. @entity0 who received @entity5 and @entity4 or normal saline had a higher incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 vs the other groups (P=.001 and P=.036, respectively). The combination of intra-articular @entity5 and @entity4 is associated with @entity1 after knee arthroscopy during early recovery but with a higher incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 . However, the addition of @entity8 to @entity5 provides relatively satisfactory @entity1 relief, but with fewer side effects compared to @entity4 .

title: Intra-articular @entity4 enhances analgesic efficacy of @entity5 for knee arthroscopy in ambulatory XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is a complex progressive deformity affecting the forefoot. The main pathologic anatomy concerns the first metatarsophalangeal joint, including a varus or medial deviation of the first metatarsal and pronation @entity1 . The goal of this study was to evaluate a series of consecutive @entity0 over a 2-year period after a scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal. A scarf osteotomy was performed on 31 consecutive @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity2 (intermetatarsal angle, 13-22  ; @entity2 , 20-44  ). Twenty-nine @entity0 and 2 @entity0 had an average age of 57 years (range, 21-71 years) at the time of surgery. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations included standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) score, physical examination, and foot pressure analysis by weight-bearing ink prints. @entity0 were evaluated radiographically and clinically in the initial postoperative period ( <=1 month), intermediate postoperative period (2-6 months), and final follow-up (12-36 months). Twenty-eight feet were available for analysis. Five of the 28 feet had concurrent surgeries on the lesser toes for hammer-toe correction or preoperative @entity3 . Paired Student t test on the 28 feet showed a statistically significant improvement (P<.0001) between pre- and postoperative intermetatarsal angle, @entity2 , and AOFAS score. One foot had recurrence of the @entity2 . Paired analysis of variance of the 27 feet without recurrence showed a statistically significant improvement in the pre- and postoperative parameters (P<.0001). From this subset, the multiple-comparison Student-Newman-Keuis post hoc test showed a statistically significant (P<.0001) preservation of the correction in the intermediate follow-up period to final follow-up at an average 28 months.

title: Evaluation of scarf osteotomy for management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is an intracellular organism that causes @entity1 in @entity2 . This bacterium is difficult to culture, and antemortem demonstration of the microbe is therefore often performed on fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Polymerase chain reaction is sensitive and specific, but inhibitory factors in feces might cause false-negative results. This article describes the construction and use of an internal standard, a mimic. The mimic is amplified by the same primers as those used for @entity3 DNA and thus could indicate false-negative results in clinical samples. The amplicon was clearly visible when as few as 10 mimic molecules were added per amplification reaction and when no inhibitors werepresent. When fecal samples were spiked with the mimic, the detection limit was 10(2) molecules per PCR. Sixty clinical samples, 20 from @entity2 , 20 from growing @entity2 with @entity0 , and 20 from @entity2 without @entity0 , were prepared by a boiling procedure and subjected to PCR together with 10(3) mimic molecules. Nine samples were positive, of which 7 originated from @entity2 with @entity0 and 2 from @entity2 without @entity0 . In 14 samples from @entity2 , in 8 samples from @entity2 without @entity0 , and in 3 samples from @entity2 with @entity0 , neither the mimic nor the target DNA was visible. This indicated the presence of inhibitors in these samples. It is concluded that the mimic can be used as an internal control in the diagnosis of @entity3 to indicate inhibition of PCR.

title: The use of a mimic to detect polymerase chain reaction-inhibitory factors in feces examined for the presence of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Herbal preparations are available widely and regarded generally by the public as harmless remedies for a variety of medical ailments. We report a case of acute @entity2 associated with the use of kava kava, derived from the root of the pepper plant, Piper methysticum. It is used in the United States as an antianxiety and sedative agent. CASE REPORT: A previously healthy 14-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with @entity4 . Initial therapy, including plasmapheresis, was unsuccessful and she deteriorated. She ultimately required a liver transplant and now remains well. The liver biopsy showed @entity1 consistent with chemical @entity2 . A work-up for alternative causes of @entity4 was negative. The @entity0 gave a history of taking a kava kava-containing product for four months. The use of kava kava and @entity4 , is supported by kava kava use, a negative work-up for alternative causes of @entity4 , and histological changes in the liver. CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals need to be aware of the possibility of kava kava-induced hepatotoxicity. The @entity3 of these alternative remedies emphasizes the importance of surveillance programs and quality control in the manufacture of these products. Clinicians must remain aware of the toxic potential of herbal products and always inquire about their intake in cases of unexplained @entity2 .

title: Acute XXXX induced by kava kava.

answer: @entity2