abstract: PURPOSE: We present preliminary clinical, histochemical and molecular findings for 5 @entity0 with @entity2 , a rare histological variant not widely recognized in the urological literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 5 @entity0 were prospectively identified. In 3 cases immunohistochemical staining for expression of @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity8 , beta and gamma-catenin was performed on paraffin embedded tissue. Sequencing was used to identify point mutations in exons 5 to 9 of @entity4 , and exons 1 and 2 of @entity9 . RESULTS: Of the @entity0 2 died within 1 year of presentation to our institution with rapid local extension along the bladder serosal surface and ureteral sheaths. Another @entity0 had progression to invasive disease within 22 months. In the 3 cases with immunohistochemical staining @entity4 was negative, despite positive staining of nonmicropapillary transitional cell @entity3 within the same specimen. Stains for the angiotrophic marker @entity7 were negative. In all 3 cases normal membrane associated alpha, beta and gamma-catenin expression was present. Examination of @entity4 sequences revealed a single point mutation in exon 8 of 1 case. In 2 cases different mutations in exon 1 of @entity9 were noted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is a rare and highly aggressive variant. @entity6 , our study demonstrated no significant @entity4 abnormalities. The lacunar histological pattern did not appear to represent invasion of vascular spaces. Rather, these @entity1 seemed to have the ability to disrupt and replace the normal stromal matrix to achieve rapid nonendothelial extension. Thus, micropapillary histology may predict a lesser likelihood of surgical cure.

title: Clinical and pathological characteristics of XXXX : a highly aggressive variant.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7 accounts for 3% of @entity2 and 95% of @entity2 arising from the kidney. One third of the @entity0 have @entity1 at the time of presentation and are asymptomatic with the diagnosis being made incidentally from a radiologic study obtained for other reasons. Typically, skeletal metastases are purely lytic. It is common for cases of @entity6 to be managed in chiropractic clinics. The diagnosis of @entity1 is to be considered as a differential, especially in an aging population. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 69-year-old @entity0 experienced @entity6 after a twisting movement while working. He presented for chiropractic care 2 weeks later. He had a 10-year history of @entity9 and a 2-month history of weakness at the knee. Plain film radiography was assessed as negative for pathology by a medical radiologist and a chiropractic radiologist. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: After 6 visits of care using atlas orthogonal adjusting, the outcome assessment revealed improvement in the @entity4 but a regression in strength of the right quadriceps and peroneus muscles. The @entity0 was referred for a magnetic resonance imaging study, which revealed a mass on the kidney and a large erosive @entity3 of the L4 vertebrae. The diagnosis of @entity7 was later confirmed. CONCLUSION: Progressive @entity5 is one of the "red flag" signs in a @entity6 case. @entity8 is necessary to detect occult diseases processes such as @entity7 . The chiropractor's role as primary care clinician includes the process of clinical reasoning and appropriate referral when the clinical picture becomes unclear and/or "red flag" signs appear.

title: A case study of @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7 accounts for 3% of @entity2 and 95% of @entity2 arising from the kidney. One third of the @entity0 have @entity1 at the time of presentation and are asymptomatic with the diagnosis being made incidentally from a radiologic study obtained for other reasons. Typically, skeletal metastases are purely lytic. It is common for cases of @entity6 to be managed in chiropractic clinics. The diagnosis of @entity1 is to be considered as a differential, especially in an aging population. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 69-year-old @entity0 experienced @entity6 after a twisting movement while working. He presented for chiropractic care 2 weeks later. He had a 10-year history of @entity9 and a 2-month history of weakness at the knee. Plain film radiography was assessed as negative for pathology by a medical radiologist and a chiropractic radiologist. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: After 6 visits of care using atlas orthogonal adjusting, the outcome assessment revealed improvement in the @entity4 but a regression in strength of the right quadriceps and peroneus muscles. The @entity0 was referred for a magnetic resonance imaging study, which revealed a mass on the kidney and a large erosive @entity3 of the L4 vertebrae. The diagnosis of @entity7 was later confirmed. CONCLUSION: Progressive @entity5 is one of the "red flag" signs in a @entity6 case. @entity8 is necessary to detect occult diseases processes such as @entity7 . The chiropractor's role as primary care clinician includes the process of clinical reasoning and appropriate referral when the clinical picture becomes unclear and/or "red flag" signs appear.

title: A case study of XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: We compare general and disease specific health related quality of life in @entity0 undergoing brachytherapy for early @entity1 to those undergoing radical prostatectomy and age matched healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cohorts consisted of 48 @entity0 treated with brachytherapy with and without pretreatment external beam radiation therapy (brachytherapy group), 74 who underwent radical prostatectomy (prostatectomy group) and age matched healthy controls from the literature. The RAND 36-item general health survey, University of California Los Angeles @entity3 Index, American Urological Association symptom index, validated @entity1 Interference with Life and Family Scales, and sociodemographic and co-morbidity questionnaires were completed 3 to 17 months after treatment. RESULTS: General health related quality of life did not differ greatly among the 3 groups. Urinary function (leakage) was worse in the brachytherapy group than in controls but better than in the prostatectomy group. Brachytherapy group @entity0 had more irritative urinary symptoms and worse bowel function than controls. Sexual function and bother were worse in prostatectomy and brachytherapy groups than in healthy controls. Physical function, bodily @entity2 , urinary function, and bother and American Urological Association symptom index scores improved with time after brachytherapy. @entity0 who underwent brachytherapy after external beam radiation performed worse in all general and disease specific health related quality of life domains compared to those who did not undergo pretreatment radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: At an average of 7.5 months after treatment the general health related quality of life of @entity0 undergoing brachytherapy with and without pretreatment external beam radiation was similar to age matched controls, although urinary, bowel and sexual problems were reported. These problems appeared to improve during the first year after treatment. Much of the impairment in disease specific health related quality of life among @entity0 undergoing brachytherapy may be attributed to pretreatment radiation.

title: Quality of life outcomes after brachytherapy for early XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The fragile @entity1 triad ( @entity2 ) gene located at the 3p14.2 locus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity0 . The objective of this study was to analyze loss of heterozygosity and @entity2 gene methylation status and correlate them to @entity2 expression. Bronchoscopically obtained lung biopsies from 30 cases of histologically proven @entity0 in stage III were assessed for the alterations in the @entity2 gene. @entity2 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and transcript levels were determined by reverse transcription-PCR. Microsattelite alterations and methylation status of the @entity2 gene promoter was determined by PCR. Loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus was observed in all the 30 cases at least by one of the three microsatellite polymorphic markers. The @entity2 gene promoter showed complete methylation in 37% cases and partial methylation in 47% cases, and 16% cases showed no promoter methylation. @entity2 full-length coding region (exons 5-9) transcripts were present in eight cases (26.6%), and aberrant transcripts were additionally seen in four cases. Loss of @entity2 mRNA expression correlated to @entity2 promoter methylation but not to loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus. There was a strong correlation between the expression of @entity2 at the transcript and protein level. The apoptotic index estimated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay was significantly correlated to the @entity2 protein expression. The results of this study indicate that in locally advanced @entity0 , there is frequent loss of @entity2 expression, and methylation of the @entity2 gene promoter is an important mechanism of its inactivation.

title: Loss of fragile @entity1 triad gene expression in advanced XXXX is consequent to allelic loss at 3p14 locus and promoter methylation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The fragile @entity1 triad ( @entity2 ) gene located at the 3p14.2 locus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity0 . The objective of this study was to analyze loss of heterozygosity and @entity2 gene methylation status and correlate them to @entity2 expression. Bronchoscopically obtained lung biopsies from 30 cases of histologically proven @entity0 in stage III were assessed for the alterations in the @entity2 gene. @entity2 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and transcript levels were determined by reverse transcription-PCR. Microsattelite alterations and methylation status of the @entity2 gene promoter was determined by PCR. Loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus was observed in all the 30 cases at least by one of the three microsatellite polymorphic markers. The @entity2 gene promoter showed complete methylation in 37% cases and partial methylation in 47% cases, and 16% cases showed no promoter methylation. @entity2 full-length coding region (exons 5-9) transcripts were present in eight cases (26.6%), and aberrant transcripts were additionally seen in four cases. Loss of @entity2 mRNA expression correlated to @entity2 promoter methylation but not to loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus. There was a strong correlation between the expression of @entity2 at the transcript and protein level. The apoptotic index estimated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay was significantly correlated to the @entity2 protein expression. The results of this study indicate that in locally advanced @entity0 , there is frequent loss of @entity2 expression, and methylation of the @entity2 gene promoter is an important mechanism of its inactivation.

title: Loss of fragile XXXX triad gene expression in advanced @entity0 is consequent to allelic loss at 3p14 locus and promoter methylation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 in the inner auditory canal (IAC), or more precisely in the pontocerebellar angle (PCA) is extremely rare. Indeed @entity12 ( @entity12 ), @entity7 and other types of benign neoformations, in decreasing order, account for nearly all expansive pathologies in this anatomical region. The present paper reports a clinical case of a @entity0 with the sudden onset of an @entity5 in the right ear. This @entity5 was promptly followed by @entity11 . The function of both @entity3 worsened progressively and rapidly. Cerebral radiology, performed with MRI and the administration of @entity10 , showed a @entity12 -compatible neoformation fundamentally affecting the IAC. However, histological tests performed after surgery indicated an @entity6 . Post-operative instrumental tests identified the primary @entity2 in the lower lobe of the right lung. The purpose of this work was to highlight, in view of the literature on the topic, the main clinical aspects to consider when a malignant expansion is suspected in the PCA. Naturally there is greater basis for such suspicion when a primary @entity2 has previously been diagnosed. Generally @entity12 progresses quite gradually, in line with an extremely slow growth rate. Therefore it is normally seen in a progressive worsening of hearing, @entity4 and equilibrium disorders. Appearance of a @entity8 is strictly limited to relatively large @entity2 and is encountered at a later stage. This is why a rapid progression of @entity9 accompanied, or promptly followed, by complete @entity11 must alert one to the possibility of a @entity2 . Imaging does not permit easy pre-operative diagnosis since the radiological signs and morphologies are often quite similar to those produced by @entity12 . Therefore, post-operative histological examination can hold some surprises.

title: [ XXXX in the inner auditory canal].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The 32-bp deletion allele in @entity2 has been associated with several immune-mediated diseases and might be implicated in @entity1 as well. METHOD: The authors genotyped DNA samples from 268 @entity1 @entity0 and 323 healthy subjects. Age at first admission to a psychiatric hospital department served as a measure of disease onset. RESULTS: @entity0 and comparison subjects differed marginally in their genotype distribution, with a slightly higher frequency of the deletion allele seen in the @entity0 . The authors found the deletion allele to be associated with higher age at first admission. After age at first admission was analyzed as a continuous variable, it was dichotomized using 40 years as the cutoff. With this approach the authors found that genotype distributions of @entity0 with age at first admission above the cutoff (possible cases of late-onset @entity1 ) and healthy subjects differed significantly. This was reflected in an increased frequency of the deletion allele in the @entity0 subgroup. @entity0 with ages at first admission below and above 40 years significantly differed in distribution of genotypes and alleles, with an overrepresentation of the deletion allele in the latter subgroup of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the @entity2 32-bp deletion allele is a susceptibility factor for @entity1 with late onset. Alternatively, the @entity2 32-bp deletion allele may act as a modifier by delaying the onset of @entity1 without affecting the disease susceptibility.

title: Association between the XXXX 32-bp deletion allele and late onset of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The 32-bp deletion allele in @entity2 has been associated with several immune-mediated diseases and might be implicated in @entity1 as well. METHOD: The authors genotyped DNA samples from 268 @entity1 @entity0 and 323 healthy subjects. Age at first admission to a psychiatric hospital department served as a measure of disease onset. RESULTS: @entity0 and comparison subjects differed marginally in their genotype distribution, with a slightly higher frequency of the deletion allele seen in the @entity0 . The authors found the deletion allele to be associated with higher age at first admission. After age at first admission was analyzed as a continuous variable, it was dichotomized using 40 years as the cutoff. With this approach the authors found that genotype distributions of @entity0 with age at first admission above the cutoff (possible cases of late-onset @entity1 ) and healthy subjects differed significantly. This was reflected in an increased frequency of the deletion allele in the @entity0 subgroup. @entity0 with ages at first admission below and above 40 years significantly differed in distribution of genotypes and alleles, with an overrepresentation of the deletion allele in the latter subgroup of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the @entity2 32-bp deletion allele is a susceptibility factor for @entity1 with late onset. Alternatively, the @entity2 32-bp deletion allele may act as a modifier by delaying the onset of @entity1 without affecting the disease susceptibility.

title: Association between the @entity2 32-bp deletion allele and late onset of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. @entity8 chemotherapy controls the bacterial component of combined infection with @entity4 virus and pneumococci in @entity1 . 2. Reinstillation of fluid (broth, physiological salt solution) into the respiratory passages of @entity0 several days after sublethal @entity5 converts the @entity5 into a lethal one. 3. @entity8 chemotherapy controls the @entity7 of @entity0 , produced by intrabronchial inoculation of mixtures of bacteria and sublethal or lethal doses of virus. 4. @entity6 may be superimposed upon sublethal @entity5 in @entity0 by inhalation of fine droplets of bacterial suspension several days after inoculation of virus. Normal @entity0 inhaling fine droplets of bacterial suspension fail to develop obvious disease. 5. @entity8 chemotheiapy controls bacterial @entity2 superimposed on sublethal @entity5 by inhalation of fine droplets of bacterial culture. 6. The secondary bacterial penumonia does not convert the sublethal @entity5 into a lethal one. 7. If another pandemic of @entity4 occurs, it is probable that @entity8 chemotherapy will be valuable in the treatment of secondary bacterial @entity2 and will be effective in lowering the case fatality @entity5 is not severe enough by itself to cause @entity3 .

title: XXXX CHEMOTHERAPY OF COMBINED INFECTION WITH INFLUENZA VIRUS AND BACTERIA.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Deficits in emotion processing are a hallmark of @entity2 , with consequences for social functioning and subjective well-being. However, their specificity and characteristics have not been ascertained psychometrically. The authors' purpose was to examine a differential deficit for processing emotional facets of the face compared to judgment of nonemotional features (age) and facial memory. The authors also sought to establish whether the deficit affects sensitivity or specificity of performance. METHOD: @entity0 were 20 @entity0 with @entity2 and 20 healthy subjects matched for age, gender, and parental education. The authors examined emotional discrimination abilities compared to age discrimination and recognition memory for faces with standardized faces displaying the universal emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Percent correct in each condition and for each emotion were assessed as well as sensitivity (correct identification of a target emotion) and specificity (correct rejection of a nontarget emotion) for emotion recognition. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity2 were @entity1 in the discrimination of emotional aspects of facial expressions compared to nonemotional aspects and memory. Within the emotional task, @entity0 showed @entity1 in specificity and insensitivity to the emotion displayed. CONCLUSIONS: When identical stimuli were used across tasks, @entity1 was seen in @entity0 with @entity2 for processing emotional faces, although the nonemotional task proved harder for both groups. Impairment in the specificity of emotion identification may lead to misunderstanding of social communication and may underlie difficulties in social adjustment experienced by @entity0 with @entity2 . Emotion discrimination tests could augment the neurobehavioral evaluation of @entity0 .

title: Impairment in the specificity of emotion processing in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The CARESS ( @entity3 and @entity1 for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial proved the effectiveness of the combination of @entity3 and @entity1 compared with @entity1 alone in reducing presence and number of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 with recently symptomatic @entity2 . The present study aimed at installing primary and secondary quality control measures in CARESS because @entity4 evaluation relies on subjective judgment by @entity0 experts. METHODS: As primary quality control, centers participating in CARESS evaluated a reference digital audio tape (DAT) before the study containing both @entity4 and artifacts. Interobserver agreement of classifying signals as @entity4 was expressed as proportions of specific agreement of positive ratings (ps+/-values). For all DATs included in CARESS (n=300), online number of @entity4 and off-line number of @entity4 read by the central reader were compared using correlation coefficients. As secondary control, a sample of 16 of 300 DATs was cross-validated by another independent reader (post-trial validator). RESULTS: For the reference tape, the cumulative ps+/-value was 0.894 based on 12 of 14 observers. Two observers with very different results improved after a training procedure. Agreement between post-trial validator and central reader was ps+=0.805, indicating very good agreement. Correlation between online evaluation and off-line evaluation of DATs was very good overall (cumulative rho=0.84; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter studies using @entity4 as outcome parameter are feasible. However, primary and secondary quality control procedures are important.

title: The use of embolic signal detection in multicenter trials to evaluate antiplatelet efficacy: signal analysis and quality control mechanisms in the CARESS ( @entity3 and XXXX for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The CARESS ( @entity3 and @entity1 for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial proved the effectiveness of the combination of @entity3 and @entity1 compared with @entity1 alone in reducing presence and number of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 with recently symptomatic @entity2 . The present study aimed at installing primary and secondary quality control measures in CARESS because @entity4 evaluation relies on subjective judgment by @entity0 experts. METHODS: As primary quality control, centers participating in CARESS evaluated a reference digital audio tape (DAT) before the study containing both @entity4 and artifacts. Interobserver agreement of classifying signals as @entity4 was expressed as proportions of specific agreement of positive ratings (ps+/-values). For all DATs included in CARESS (n=300), online number of @entity4 and off-line number of @entity4 read by the central reader were compared using correlation coefficients. As secondary control, a sample of 16 of 300 DATs was cross-validated by another independent reader (post-trial validator). RESULTS: For the reference tape, the cumulative ps+/-value was 0.894 based on 12 of 14 observers. Two observers with very different results improved after a training procedure. Agreement between post-trial validator and central reader was ps+=0.805, indicating very good agreement. Correlation between online evaluation and off-line evaluation of DATs was very good overall (cumulative rho=0.84; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter studies using @entity4 as outcome parameter are feasible. However, primary and secondary quality control procedures are important.

title: The use of embolic signal detection in multicenter trials to evaluate antiplatelet efficacy: signal analysis and quality control mechanisms in the CARESS ( XXXX and @entity1 for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a rare disease that is difficult to treat. Surgery remains the primary treatment modality and the only chance for cure in these @entity0 . Since the early 1990s, laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) has replaced open adrenalectomy (OA) as the gold standard for addressing @entity1 of benign origin; however, the oncologic effectiveness of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for resection of primary @entity2 remains unclear. Since the initial consensus statement from the International @entity3 Symposium held in Ann Arbor, MI in 2003, a number of studies have investigated the question of equivalence of LA compared to OA for @entity4 . Several controversial topics were debated during the 3rd International @entity3 Symposium held in Wurzburg, Germany in 2011. This debate sought to review the advantages and disadvantages of OA versus LA and review findings of recent studies related to the topic. As all studies involving this topic have methodological flaws, some more than others, the results of each study must be interpreted with caution. In conclusion, this debate will undoubtedly continue well into the future; however, it is clear that an oncologically appropriate surgical resection is of the utmost importance for the treatment of @entity4 and there is only one chance to achieve this. Poor outcomes will result from inadequate surgery, whether performed by an open or laparoscopic approach. Therefore, there is no doubt that surgery for suspected @entity4 should only be performed in specialized centers.

title: A debate on laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is one of the first-line agents with proven anti- @entity1 activity used in the therapy of @entity6 . Its mechanism of action makes it, however, different from other drugs, since it simultaneously stimulates two reverse processes: bone formation and bone resorption. The action of the agent depends on various mechanisms, including the activation of @entity3 receptors, localised on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and on the influence on the @entity5 / @entity4 system. The drug effectively prevents spinal, hip and extravertebral fractures. The agent's anti- @entity1 efficacy within the spine does not depend on the @entity0 's age, or on base BMD values, or on the concentration of bone metabolism markers. As to the anti- @entity1 efficacy in the hip, it concerns @entity0 with an increased @entity1 risk. @entity2 increases bone mineral density within the lumbar spine and the hip, decreases the concentrations of bone resorption markers, and increases the concentrations of bone formation markers. The drug is administered in a daily 2.0 g oral dose. This paper presents indications to therapy with @entity2 , specifying also its side effects and contraindications. We compare the anti- @entity1 efficacy of @entity2 to the efficacy of other agents of proven anti- @entity1 activity, based on published clinical studies.

title: [ XXXX in @entity6 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is one of the first-line agents with proven anti- @entity1 activity used in the therapy of @entity6 . Its mechanism of action makes it, however, different from other drugs, since it simultaneously stimulates two reverse processes: bone formation and bone resorption. The action of the agent depends on various mechanisms, including the activation of @entity3 receptors, localised on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and on the influence on the @entity5 / @entity4 system. The drug effectively prevents spinal, hip and extravertebral fractures. The agent's anti- @entity1 efficacy within the spine does not depend on the @entity0 's age, or on base BMD values, or on the concentration of bone metabolism markers. As to the anti- @entity1 efficacy in the hip, it concerns @entity0 with an increased @entity1 risk. @entity2 increases bone mineral density within the lumbar spine and the hip, decreases the concentrations of bone resorption markers, and increases the concentrations of bone formation markers. The drug is administered in a daily 2.0 g oral dose. This paper presents indications to therapy with @entity2 , specifying also its side effects and contraindications. We compare the anti- @entity1 efficacy of @entity2 to the efficacy of other agents of proven anti- @entity1 activity, based on published clinical studies.

title: [ @entity2 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The diminished excretion of @entity3 in @entity5 is a more striking and specific phenomenon than the excess excretion of @entity2 , marked though this is. While creatinuria is invariably encountered in all cases of @entity5 , the extent to which the excretion of @entity3 is decreased provides a more reliable indication of the severity of the disease since an excess output of @entity2 may occur physiologically in normal @entity0 subjects and in many pathological conditions not known to be associated with @entity1 . In @entity5 the residual muscle mass, as inferred from the excretion of @entity3 , provides a useful index of the state of the disease at any given time. Although there is excessive creatinuria in @entity5 , there is no evidence that a deprivation of @entity6 stores occurs through a loss of urinary @entity2 . The loss of @entity6 groups contained in the excess @entity2 is, under ordinary conditions of diet, almost exactly compensated for by a drop in the excretion of @entity6 groups in the urinary @entity3 . @entity4 , administered over variable periods of time, resulted in the retention of @entity2 both in normal male @entity0 and in male @entity0 with @entity5 , as shown in the normal subjects by a diminution in @entity2 output, and in both by an excess creatinuria for variable periods of time following withdrawal of the hormone. An increase in the excretion of @entity2 in @entity5 occurred following the administration of @entity8 . Neither @entity4 nor @entity8 appeared to effect any consistent change in the output or urinary @entity3 . No effects on the excretion of @entity2 and @entity3 were observed following the prolonged administration of concentrate of gonadotropic and thyrotropic principles of the hypophysis, or from the administration of @entity7 to @entity0 with @entity5 . Except in one case, in which marked improvement was observed following the administration of @entity4 , no effects on the clinical course of the @entity0 with @entity5 were observed as a result of treatment by any of the various hormones employed in this study.

title: THE SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, AND EXCRETION OF XXXX , @entity3 , AND GLYCOCYAMINE IN PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN HORMONES ON THESE PROCESSES.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The diminished excretion of @entity3 in @entity5 is a more striking and specific phenomenon than the excess excretion of @entity2 , marked though this is. While creatinuria is invariably encountered in all cases of @entity5 , the extent to which the excretion of @entity3 is decreased provides a more reliable indication of the severity of the disease since an excess output of @entity2 may occur physiologically in normal @entity0 subjects and in many pathological conditions not known to be associated with @entity1 . In @entity5 the residual muscle mass, as inferred from the excretion of @entity3 , provides a useful index of the state of the disease at any given time. Although there is excessive creatinuria in @entity5 , there is no evidence that a deprivation of @entity6 stores occurs through a loss of urinary @entity2 . The loss of @entity6 groups contained in the excess @entity2 is, under ordinary conditions of diet, almost exactly compensated for by a drop in the excretion of @entity6 groups in the urinary @entity3 . @entity4 , administered over variable periods of time, resulted in the retention of @entity2 both in normal male @entity0 and in male @entity0 with @entity5 , as shown in the normal subjects by a diminution in @entity2 output, and in both by an excess creatinuria for variable periods of time following withdrawal of the hormone. An increase in the excretion of @entity2 in @entity5 occurred following the administration of @entity8 . Neither @entity4 nor @entity8 appeared to effect any consistent change in the output or urinary @entity3 . No effects on the excretion of @entity2 and @entity3 were observed following the prolonged administration of concentrate of gonadotropic and thyrotropic principles of the hypophysis, or from the administration of @entity7 to @entity0 with @entity5 . Except in one case, in which marked improvement was observed following the administration of @entity4 , no effects on the clinical course of the @entity0 with @entity5 were observed as a result of treatment by any of the various hormones employed in this study.

title: THE SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, AND EXCRETION OF @entity2 , XXXX , AND GLYCOCYAMINE IN PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN HORMONES ON THESE PROCESSES.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the operative costs associated with the use of @entity1 kits, with or without biomaterials, with surgeon-tailored prolene mesh (STPM) in the treatment of stress @entity1 (SUI) with or without pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS: All operations for uncomplicated SUI with or without pelvic organ prolapse were reviewed from 2007-2008. Operative billing sheets including operative time, hospital cost, and the insurance billing statement were obtained and reviewed. Surgeon payment was not included in the analysis. Hospital stay was also compared. RESULTS: For @entity0 with SUI alone, there was a significant difference in the hospital cost and the insurance billing statement between STPM and commercial kits (CK). On average, the insurance billing statement for STPM was  2220 less per case as compared with CK. For @entity0 with SUI and anterior compartment prolapse, there was a significant difference in the hospital cost and the insurance billing statement between STPM and CK. On average, the insurance billing statement for STPM was  4770 less per case as compared with CK. For @entity0 with SUI and anterior and posterior compartment prolapse, the difference in hospital cost and insurance billing statement approached statistical significance. The insurance billing statement for STPM on an average was  5600 less per case as compared with CK. There was no significant difference in operative time or hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The use of STPM for the treatment of @entity1 with or without prolapse is significantly less costly for the hospital and the @entity0 and/or insurance as compared with CK. The use of STPM did not increase operative time or postoperative hospital stay when compared with prefashioned kits.

title: Minimizing the cost of surgical correction of stress XXXX and prolapse.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity1 of weekly @entity4 with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2004 and 2007, 54 @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 were included in this protocol. @entity0 CHARACTERISTICS: median age 48; 69% male; 52% World Health Organization (WHO) III; 50% stage III, 50% stage IV. The @entity0 underwent a course of definitive conventional radiotherapy (70 Gy in 7 weeks with 2 Gy/fraction), with concurrent weekly @entity4 35 mg/m(2) from the first to the sixth week of radiation. AC was started 4 weeks after the end of the radiotherapy (RT), @entity4 135 mg/m(2) on day 1 and @entity3 30 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 were administered every 4 weeks for two cycles. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 32 months. Eighty-five percentage of complete response and 15% partial response were achieved at the time of one month after AC. The 3-year actuarial rate of local regional control was 86%; distant metastases-free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival at 3 years were 81%, 69% and 76%, respectively. Forty-nine (91%) @entity0 completed six courses of concurrent chemotherapy with weekly @entity4 , and 4 (7%) @entity0 delayed at the second cycle of AC. No @entity0 developed severe acute @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Weekly @entity4 with concurrent RT followed by AC is a potentially effective and @entity1 tolerable method for locally advanced @entity2 . Further studies are needed to identify the optimal dose of weekly @entity4 in this strategy.

title: Weekly @entity4 with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity1 of weekly @entity4 with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2004 and 2007, 54 @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 were included in this protocol. @entity0 CHARACTERISTICS: median age 48; 69% male; 52% World Health Organization (WHO) III; 50% stage III, 50% stage IV. The @entity0 underwent a course of definitive conventional radiotherapy (70 Gy in 7 weeks with 2 Gy/fraction), with concurrent weekly @entity4 35 mg/m(2) from the first to the sixth week of radiation. AC was started 4 weeks after the end of the radiotherapy (RT), @entity4 135 mg/m(2) on day 1 and @entity3 30 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 were administered every 4 weeks for two cycles. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 32 months. Eighty-five percentage of complete response and 15% partial response were achieved at the time of one month after AC. The 3-year actuarial rate of local regional control was 86%; distant metastases-free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival at 3 years were 81%, 69% and 76%, respectively. Forty-nine (91%) @entity0 completed six courses of concurrent chemotherapy with weekly @entity4 , and 4 (7%) @entity0 delayed at the second cycle of AC. No @entity0 developed severe acute @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Weekly @entity4 with concurrent RT followed by AC is a potentially effective and @entity1 tolerable method for locally advanced @entity2 . Further studies are needed to identify the optimal dose of weekly @entity4 in this strategy.

title: Weekly XXXX with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 is the most frequent minor complication after harvesting latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction. It induces @entity0 's discomfort and multiple consultations for punctions. The dead space resulting from the harvest has to be closed by the "quilting suture" in order to prevent the @entity4 . Our aim is to evaluate the efficiency and the tolerance of the quilting suture by comparing two groups of 100 @entity0 who had a breast reconstruction by the same technic of extended latissimus dorsi flap, performed by the same surgeon, from 2004 to 2007. Half of @entity0 had the classic way of dorsal closure, and the other half of @entity0 had the dorsal quilting suture. @entity0 AND METHODS: In order to compare the two groups we have collected data concerning age, body mass index (BMI), @entity3 use, @entity1 , number and volume of punctions, draining time and @entity2 . The efficiency of the quilting suture lies on a rigorous repartition of at least six sutures on the upper skin flap, 12 on the lower skin flap and under the skin suture line. The suture model is based on the one used for the Chippendale-designed sofa. We suture the skin flap while pushing down the shoulder, in order to split the skin tension and avoid traction on the final skin suture line. The procedure takes 15 minutes. RESULTS: The "Chippendale" technic allows to reduce draining time from 12 days to 6 days. The incidence of @entity4 is reduced by 50%. The dorsal wound healing seems also better thanks to tension reduction resulting from the quilting suture. CONCLUSION: The "Chippendale" technic is a quick, cheap and easy learned procedure, efficient for preventing @entity4 after the latissimus dorsi flap. The postoperative recovery is eased and the @entity0 comforted.

title: [Prevention of XXXX by quilting suture after harvesting latissimus dorsi flap. The "Chippendale" technic].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: In some randomized trials, the treatment outcome of locally advanced @entity5 has been significantly improved by neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT). However, increased perioperative @entity4 in terms of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been linked to radiation exposure of the lungs. In our study we evaluated perioperative morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 Stages IIA-IVA treated with curative intent either with surgery alone (S) or with neoadjuvant RCT followed by surgery (RCTS). @entity0 AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2003, 55 @entity0 received S, and 98 received RCTS. In the RCTS group, most @entity0 received two cycles of @entity10 plus @entity8 simultaneously with normofractionated radiotherapy (40Gy). Four weeks later they underwent surgery. Endpoints were the incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 , other @entity3 , and mortality within 31 days. RESULTS: Between both groups there were no significant differences between the incidence and severity of @entity6 and @entity7 (RCTS: 42.9%, 42.9%; S: 45.5%, 38.2%). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the incidences of @entity2 , @entity9 , and pneumothorax (RCTS 29.6% vs. S 16.4%, p = 0.07). Perioperative complication rates and mortality did not vary significantly (mortality after RCTS 5.1% vs. S 3.6%). A detailed analysis of 54 RCTS @entity0 according to lung dose-volume histograms did not show any correlation between @entity7 and pulmonary exposure. In univariate analysis, only respiratory comorbidity correlated with @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant @entity8 and @entity10 -based RCT apparently has no detrimental impact on the postoperative course.

title: Influence of irradiated lung volumes on perioperative morbidity and mortality in @entity0 after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: In some randomized trials, the treatment outcome of locally advanced @entity5 has been significantly improved by neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT). However, increased perioperative @entity4 in terms of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been linked to radiation exposure of the lungs. In our study we evaluated perioperative morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 Stages IIA-IVA treated with curative intent either with surgery alone (S) or with neoadjuvant RCT followed by surgery (RCTS). @entity0 AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2003, 55 @entity0 received S, and 98 received RCTS. In the RCTS group, most @entity0 received two cycles of @entity10 plus @entity8 simultaneously with normofractionated radiotherapy (40Gy). Four weeks later they underwent surgery. Endpoints were the incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 , other @entity3 , and mortality within 31 days. RESULTS: Between both groups there were no significant differences between the incidence and severity of @entity6 and @entity7 (RCTS: 42.9%, 42.9%; S: 45.5%, 38.2%). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the incidences of @entity2 , @entity9 , and pneumothorax (RCTS 29.6% vs. S 16.4%, p = 0.07). Perioperative complication rates and mortality did not vary significantly (mortality after RCTS 5.1% vs. S 3.6%). A detailed analysis of 54 RCTS @entity0 according to lung dose-volume histograms did not show any correlation between @entity7 and pulmonary exposure. In univariate analysis, only respiratory comorbidity correlated with @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant @entity8 and @entity10 -based RCT apparently has no detrimental impact on the postoperative course.

title: Influence of irradiated lung volumes on perioperative morbidity and mortality in XXXX after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus as to which surgical approach to the treatment of @entity3 is most appropriate or which @entity0 are at a higher risk for recurrence or @entity1 . QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: Therefore, we asked: (1) Are there subsets of @entity0 who are associated with a more recalcitrant disease course? And (2) are surgeons appropriately stratifying @entity0 by identifying risk factors for increased local recurrence and pulmonary metastases? METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 230 @entity0 with @entity3 treated from 1980 to 2010, stratifying them by primary versus recurrent disease and by surgical treatment. From the records, we determined local recurrence, @entity1 , and complications of treatment. The median follow up was 47 months (range, 0.1-312 months). RESULTS: Overall incidence of local recurrence was 10% and pulmonary @entity1 was 2%. When stratified by surgical treatment, the incidence of local recurrence among @entity0 undergoing intralesional curettage (12%) was greater than in those undergoing resection (2%). The incidence of local recurrence among @entity2 , independent of treatment, was 9%, whereas the incidence of local recurrence after treatment of recurrent lesions was 16%. The incidence of pulmonary metastases was similar, regardless of treatment or whether primary or recurrent. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest there are subsets of @entity0 with @entity3 who are at higher risk of recurrence and should be clinically followed more closely. This should allow surgeons to provide @entity0 with more informed expectations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX : are we stratifying results appropriately?

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 was produced in albino @entity1 by intrabronchial inoculation of Type I pneumococci suspended in @entity7 . The resulting @entity2 was uniformly fatal in untreated @entity1 . Eighty per cent of the animals so infected and treated with @entity6 drugs 6 hours after inoculation survived the @entity2 . At the end of 1 week the surviving animals were sacrificed, and examination of the lungs showed sharply demarcated localized pulmonary lesions containing no pneumococci. Microscopic study of the lungs of treated animals sacrificed at 6, 18, 42, 66, 96, and 168 hours after the start of treatment revealed the following sequence of events. During the first 18 hours the drug apparently had little effect upon the @entity3 , but at the end of 18 hours pneumococci in the @entity0 zone began to show striking changes in their morphology, indicating bacteriostesis. Forty-two hours after the start of treatment the @entity0 zone had disappeared, the @entity2 had ceased to spread, and the pneumococci at the margin of the lesion had been overtaken by leucocytes. Careful examination of the exudate in the periphery of the lesion revealed definite phagocytosis of pneumococci. By the 4th day no pneumococci could be found in the stained sections, and after 1 week there remained only macrophages in the rapidly clearing alveoli. In order to demonstrate the phagocytic reaction more clearly the effect of @entity6 drugs was studied in pneumonic @entity1 previously rendered leucopenic by exposure to x-ray. The @entity2 in these animals was relatively acellular, and the few macrophages present in each alveolus could be seen to have phagocyted large numbers of pneumococci after 18 to 42 hours of treatment. The macrophages not only phagocyted the pneumococci but ultimately destroyed them, the @entity3 later going on to complete resolution. The fact that this phagocytic reaction was observed in the lungs of animals with @entity5 suggests that the phagocytosis is independent of circulating type-specific opsonins.

title: STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF RECOVERY IN PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA : II. THE EFFECT OF XXXX THERAPY UPON THE PULMONARY LESION OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 of intrahepatic @entity1 is a rare life threatening condition because of the risk of @entity3 . A 33 year old female @entity0 presented with @entity2 . Angio-CT-scan revealed an intrahepatic @entity4 with a massive central and subcapsular haematoma of the liver. Percutaneous embolisation under ultrasound control was not possible because of the size of the subcapsular haematoma. Angiography showed a main arterial supply of this @entity1 from the anterior sectorial branch of the right branch of hepatic artery and selective embolisation was not possible because of anatomical configuration. Because of persistent @entity2 , surgery was performed with evacuation of liver haematoma and a highly selective ligature of the main aneurysmal arterial supply. Post-operative angio-CT-scan showed revascularisation of the @entity1 through retrograde intrahepatic arterial supply. Ultrasound identification of the @entity1 was then possible and percutaneous embolisation was performed successfully. Intrahepatic @entity1 are usually treated by interventional radiological procedure. In case of failure, surgery should be considered. This case was original because it associated a combined therapeutic treatment pointing out the importance of multidisciplinary approach.

title: [ XXXX of an intrahepatic aneurysme: radiological and surgical treatments].

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since the use of prosthetic mesh for the surgical repair of @entity2 has become increasingly popular, mesh material introduced during a previous operation is being detected in a growing number of @entity0 undergoing surgery for recurrent @entity3 . This applies to at least 10% of recurrences. Needed is a therapeutic algorithm for the surgical management of recurrent @entity3 after previous mesh repair. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 672 recurrent @entity3 repairs performed in hospitals in the German cities Aachen and Koblenz were analysed in order to review clinical practice. In 92 @entity0 (13.7%) who underwent surgery for recurrent @entity3 , mesh had been used in the previous @entity3 repairs. Attention was focused on the location of the recurrence in relation to the site of mesh implantation and on the advantages and disadvantages of the various surgical procedures for repairing recurrent @entity3 . Re-examination was performed with a mean follow-up of 3 years. RESULTS: Surgeons mostly decided during operation which procedure to use. A transinguinal approach was preferred for @entity0 presenting with recurrent @entity3 and @entity1 , and mesh material introduced during a previous operation was then explanted. In the case of multiple recurrences, a minimal direct suture repair was used for small defects or a preperitoneal approach for inserting a new, large mesh. The majority of recurrences were medial or suprapubic, especially those occurring after a Lichtenstein repair. After re-examining 87 of 92 @entity0 , nine recurrences (10.3%) were found. Mesh-free suturing methods were affected most frequently. Moderate complaints were reported by 39.1%, and 4.6% suffered from medical @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The surgical management of recurrent @entity3 after previous mesh repair is a particular challenge for surgeons. We introduce a therapeutic algorithm for recurrent @entity3 surgery after previous mesh implantation based on analysis of clinical practice.

title: [Management of recurrent XXXX after previous mesh repair: a challenge].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Oil palm ( @entity4 .) is a perennial, tropical, monocotyledonous plant characterized by simple architecture and low phenotypic plasticity, but marked by long development cycles of individual phytomers (a pair of one leaf and one inflorescence at its axil). Environmental effects on vegetative or reproductive sinks occur with various time lags depending on the process affected, causing source-sink imbalances. This study investigated how the two instantaneous sources of @entity1 assimilates, @entity2 assimilation and mobilization of transitory non-structural @entity3 (NSC) reserves, may buffer such imbalances. An experiment was conducted in Indonesia during a 22-month period (from July 2006 to May 2008) at two contrasting locations (Kandista and Batu Mulia) using two treatments (control and complete fruit pruning treatment) in Kandista. Measurements included leaf gas exchange, dynamics of NSC reserves and dynamics of structural aboveground vegetative growth (SVG) and reproductive growth. Drought was estimated from a simulated fraction of transpirable soil water. The main sources of variation in source-sink relationships were (i) short-term reductions in light-saturated leaf @entity2 assimilation rate (A(max)) during seasonal drought periods, particularly in Batu Mulia; (ii) rapid responses of SVG rate to drought; and (iii) marked lag periods between 16 and 29 months of environmental effects on the development of reproductive sinks. The resulting source-sink imbalances were buffered by fluctuations in NSC reserves in the stem, which mainly consisted of @entity0 and starch. Starch was the main buffer for sink variations, whereas @entity0 dynamics remained unexplained. Even under strong sink limitation, no negative feedback on A(max) was observed. In conclusion, the different lag periods for environmental effects on assimilate sources and sinks in oil palm are mainly buffered by NSC accumulation in the stem, which can attain 50% (dw:dw) in stem tops. The resulting dynamics of growth and production are complex because several dozen phytomers of different phenological ages develop at any given time and interact with a common pool of reserves.

title: Role of transitory @entity1 reserves during adjustment to climate variability and source-sink imbalances in oil palm ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: Oil palm ( @entity4 .) is a perennial, tropical, monocotyledonous plant characterized by simple architecture and low phenotypic plasticity, but marked by long development cycles of individual phytomers (a pair of one leaf and one inflorescence at its axil). Environmental effects on vegetative or reproductive sinks occur with various time lags depending on the process affected, causing source-sink imbalances. This study investigated how the two instantaneous sources of @entity1 assimilates, @entity2 assimilation and mobilization of transitory non-structural @entity3 (NSC) reserves, may buffer such imbalances. An experiment was conducted in Indonesia during a 22-month period (from July 2006 to May 2008) at two contrasting locations (Kandista and Batu Mulia) using two treatments (control and complete fruit pruning treatment) in Kandista. Measurements included leaf gas exchange, dynamics of NSC reserves and dynamics of structural aboveground vegetative growth (SVG) and reproductive growth. Drought was estimated from a simulated fraction of transpirable soil water. The main sources of variation in source-sink relationships were (i) short-term reductions in light-saturated leaf @entity2 assimilation rate (A(max)) during seasonal drought periods, particularly in Batu Mulia; (ii) rapid responses of SVG rate to drought; and (iii) marked lag periods between 16 and 29 months of environmental effects on the development of reproductive sinks. The resulting source-sink imbalances were buffered by fluctuations in NSC reserves in the stem, which mainly consisted of @entity0 and starch. Starch was the main buffer for sink variations, whereas @entity0 dynamics remained unexplained. Even under strong sink limitation, no negative feedback on A(max) was observed. In conclusion, the different lag periods for environmental effects on assimilate sources and sinks in oil palm are mainly buffered by NSC accumulation in the stem, which can attain 50% (dw:dw) in stem tops. The resulting dynamics of growth and production are complex because several dozen phytomers of different phenological ages develop at any given time and interact with a common pool of reserves.

title: Role of transitory XXXX reserves during adjustment to climate variability and source-sink imbalances in oil palm ( @entity4 ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. In the presence of 0.05 per cent dextrose the respiration of @entity2 is increased by @entity0 in concentrations of 0.25 to 0.5M, and by 0.5M @entity1 . 2. Stronger concentrations, as 2M @entity0 and 1.25M CaCl(2), decrease the respiration. The decrease in the higher concentrations is probably an osmotic effect of these salts. 3. A mixture of 19 cc. of @entity0 and 1 cc. of @entity1 (both 0.5M) showed antagonism, in that the respiration was normal, although each salt alone caused an increase. 4. Spores of @entity2 did not germinate on 0.5M @entity0 (plus 0.05 per cent dextrose) while they did on 0.5M @entity1 (plus 0.05 per cent dextrose) and on various mixtures of the two. This shows that a substance may have different effects on respiration from those which it has upon growth.

title: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON RESPIRATION : IX. THE EFFECTS OF ANTAGONISTIC SALTS ON THE RESPIRATION OF XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported that @entity0 survive longer than @entity0 , but experience greater @entity2 , when treated for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Individual @entity0 data from six randomized phase II/III chemotherapy trials, from the Manchester Lung Group and UK Medical Research Council, were pooled for analysis. End points included overall survival, response rate, @entity2 , dose intensity (DI) and transfusion rates. RESULTS: Of 1707 @entity0 analyzed, 44% were @entity0 . At baseline, @entity0 had poorer performance status (PS) (57% versus 67% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS 0-1/Karnofsky PS 80-100, P = 0.0004) and more were of normal weight or underweight (57% versus 48%, P = 0.003), but fewer were anemic (25% versus 62%, P < 0.0001). Response rates between @entity0 and @entity0 were similar (77% versus 76%, P = 0.64). In univariate [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.96, P = 0.006] and multivariate (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99, P = 0.04) analyses, female sex predicted for longer survival. @entity0 experienced more grade 3/4 emesis (18% versus 9%, P < 0.0001) and grade 3/4 @entity1 (13% versus 8%, P = 0.005) than @entity0 . There were no differences in DI, @entity5 , transfusions or treatment-related @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Data from >1700 @entity0 in randomized @entity3 chemotherapy trials confirm that @entity0 survive modestly longer than @entity0 but may experience greater @entity2 .

title: The strength of female sex as a prognostic factor in XXXX : a pooled analysis of chemotherapy trials from the Manchester Lung Group and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laser resurfacing of facial rhytides has become a popular treatment option for many @entity0 with wrinkles, photoaging, and acne @entity6 . Laser wavelength/pulse duration options and new techniques continue to shorten the healing phase associated with laser skin resurfacing while maintaining clinical efficacy. Variable pulse erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser systems are now available that offer the surgeon the ability to vary the Er:YAG pulse duration from a pulse that is primarily ablative to one that is more thermal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histologic effects created with a variable pulse Er:YAG laser. To study prospectively the clinical effects on upper lip rhytides with a variable pulse Er:YAG laser when compared side by side with pulsed @entity4 ( @entity3 ) laser resurfacing. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two treatment sites on 21 @entity0 were randomized and evaluated after treatment of the upper lip region with @entity3 laser resurfacing on one side and a variable pulse Er:YAG laser on the other. @entity0 diaries were maintained to assess erythema, crusting, @entity2 , and pigmentary changes. Blinded objective grading of improvement was performed. Chromometer measurements were obtained to analyze erythema. RESULTS: The variable pulse Er:YAG laser treatment reduced the duration of crusting on average from 7.7 days with @entity3 to 3.4 days. Chromometer measurements noted @entity1 . Grading by physicians in a blinded manner showed 63% improvement for the @entity3 treatment site and 48% improvement in the variable pulse Er:YAG site. No cases of permanent @entity5 , @entity7 , or @entity6 occurred. CONCLUSION: The variable pulse Er:YAG laser resurfacing is a safe and effective resurfacing tool, which combines ablative and thermal modalities. The protocol used in this study approaches but does not equal the results we have traditionally seen with @entity3 laser resurfacing.

title: Variable pulse erbium:YAG laser skin resurfacing of perioral rhytides and side-by-side comparison with XXXX laser.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report the case of a 25-year-old @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity10 on the legs and @entity4 occurring 2 weeks after @entity5 , and admitted to our hospital with suspected Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity14 ( @entity12 ). He had increased anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer and hypocomplementemia. A renal biopsy specimen showed endocapillary proliferative changes, which are typical of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). However, immunofluorescence study revealed predominant IgA and C3 deposits in @entity13 , indicating a diagnosis of @entity12 . Because of massive @entity4 initially, the treatment with a combination of @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity11 and @entity7 was started along with 3 plasma exchanges. @entity8 inhibitor was also given. Response to the treatment was favorable. A follow-up biopsy was performed 8 months after the first biopsy. The renal biopsy specimen showed a figure of typical @entity12 . To further investigate the cause of glomerular changes in our @entity0 , an immunofluorescent study of nephritogenic @entity9 -associated plasmin receptor (NAPlr) of group A, beta-hemolytic streptococci was performed. NAPlr was significantly positive in the glomeruli in the first biopsy specimen, but not in the second. His clinical course and pathological findings suggest that NAPlr may be related to the pathogenesis in a part of @entity0 with @entity12 , especially in @entity0 with high ASO titer and hypocomplementemia.

title: Streptococcal origin of a case of XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity4 (DA)-containing cells from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) play a major role in the initiation of movement. Loss of these cells results in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Changes in intracellular @entity2 ion concentration ([ @entity0 ](i)) elicit several events in DA cells, including spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) and subthreshold oscillations underlying autonomous firing. Continuous @entity0 load due to @entity0 -dependent rhythmicity has been proposed to cause the death of DA cells in @entity1 and normal aging. Because of the physiological and pathophysiological importance of [ @entity0 ](i) in DA cells, we characterized their intrinsic @entity0 -buffering capacity (K(S)) in brain slices. We introduced a fluorescent @entity0 -sensitive exogenous buffer (200 microM @entity3 ) and cells were tracked from break-in until steady state by stimulating with a single action potential (AP) every 30 s and measuring the @entity0 transient from the proximal dendrite. DA neurons filled exponentially with a tau of about 5-6 min. [ @entity0 ](i) was assumed to equilibrate between the endogenous @entity0 buffer and the exogenous @entity0 indicator buffer. Intrinsic buffering was estimated by extrapolating from the linear relationships between the amplitude or time constant of the @entity0 transients versus [ @entity3 ]. Extrapolated @entity0 -transients in the absence of @entity3 had mean peak amplitudes of 293.7 +/- 65.3 nM and tau = 124 +/- 13 ms (postnatal day 13 [P13] to P17 animals). Intrinsic buffering increased with age in DA neurons. For cells from animals P13-P17, K(S) was estimated to be about 110 (n = 20). In older animals (P25-P32), the estimate was about 179 (n = 10). These relatively low values may reflect the need for rapid @entity0 signaling, e.g., to allow activation of sK channels, which shape @entity5 and burst firing. Low intrinsic buffering may also make DA cells vulnerable to @entity0 -dependent pathology.

title: Endogenous @entity2 buffering capacity of substantia nigral XXXX neurons.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 (DA)-containing cells from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) play a major role in the initiation of movement. Loss of these cells results in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Changes in intracellular @entity2 ion concentration ([ @entity0 ](i)) elicit several events in DA cells, including spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) and subthreshold oscillations underlying autonomous firing. Continuous @entity0 load due to @entity0 -dependent rhythmicity has been proposed to cause the death of DA cells in @entity1 and normal aging. Because of the physiological and pathophysiological importance of [ @entity0 ](i) in DA cells, we characterized their intrinsic @entity0 -buffering capacity (K(S)) in brain slices. We introduced a fluorescent @entity0 -sensitive exogenous buffer (200 microM @entity3 ) and cells were tracked from break-in until steady state by stimulating with a single action potential (AP) every 30 s and measuring the @entity0 transient from the proximal dendrite. DA neurons filled exponentially with a tau of about 5-6 min. [ @entity0 ](i) was assumed to equilibrate between the endogenous @entity0 buffer and the exogenous @entity0 indicator buffer. Intrinsic buffering was estimated by extrapolating from the linear relationships between the amplitude or time constant of the @entity0 transients versus [ @entity3 ]. Extrapolated @entity0 -transients in the absence of @entity3 had mean peak amplitudes of 293.7 +/- 65.3 nM and tau = 124 +/- 13 ms (postnatal day 13 [P13] to P17 animals). Intrinsic buffering increased with age in DA neurons. For cells from animals P13-P17, K(S) was estimated to be about 110 (n = 20). In older animals (P25-P32), the estimate was about 179 (n = 10). These relatively low values may reflect the need for rapid @entity0 signaling, e.g., to allow activation of sK channels, which shape @entity5 and burst firing. Low intrinsic buffering may also make DA cells vulnerable to @entity0 -dependent pathology.

title: Endogenous XXXX buffering capacity of substantia nigral @entity4 neurons.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of skipping breakfast on diet quality and @entity1 risk factors in healthy Korean adults. Subjects included 415 employees (118 @entity0 , 297 @entity0 ; 30-50 years old) of Jaesang Hospital in Korea and their acquaintances. Data collected from each subject included anthropometric measurements, 3-day dietary intake, blood pressure, and blood analyses. The subjects were classified into three groups based on the number of days they skipped breakfast: 'Regular breakfast eater', 'Often breakfast eater', or 'Rare breakfast eater'. @entity0 in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less @entity4 , @entity2 , kimchi, vegetables, fish and shellfish, milk and dairy products, and sweets than did @entity0 in the other two groups (P for trend < 0.05) and ate more cookies, cakes, and meat for dinner (P for trend < 0.05). @entity0 in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less daily energy, fat, dietary fiber, @entity3 , and @entity5 than did @entity0 in the other groups (P for trend < 0.05). The percent energy from @entity7 was lower and fat intake was higher in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other groups (P for trend < 0.01). When diets were compared using the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Koreans, 59.1% of subjects in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed more energy from fat compared with the other two groups (P < 0.005). According to the Estimated Average Requirements for Koreans, intake of selected nutrients was lower in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The risk of elevated serum @entity6 was decreased in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group (OR, 0.3 [0.1-1.0], P for trend = 0.0232). We conclude that eating breakfast regularly enhances diet quality, but may increase the risk of elevated serum @entity6 .

title: Skipping breakfast is associated with diet quality and XXXX risk factors of adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the new Ocuton S*TT-MV to the Ocuton S (former configuration) and @entity2 . The effect of the reconfiguration on measuring accuracy and device handling of @entity1 @entity0 was evaluated. MATERIAL/METHODS: 101 @entity1 @entity0 performed self-measurements using the old Ocuton S and the Ocuton S*TT-MV. The new Ocuton S*TT-MV automatically verifies the applanated area. We used @entity2 as the gold standard reference. Three series of measurements were performed in random order. RESULTS: The mean IOP was 18.3+/-4.2 mmHg with Ocuton S, 17.5+/-3.6 mmHg with the reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV, and 15.1+/-3.4 mmHg with @entity2 . IOP ranged from 9 to 30.5 mmHg with @entity2 , 7 to 42 mmHg with Ocuton S*TT-MV, and 5 to 38 mmHg with the old Ocuton S. The mean difference between the old Ocuton S and @entity2 was 3.2+/-3.5 mmHg, between Ocuton S*TT-MV and @entity2 2.4+/-3.3 mmHg, and between old and new Ocuton S 0.9+/-2.9 mmHg (p<0.01). The standard deviation within an individual row of 4 readings per eye with the old Ocuton S averaged 1.9 mmHg, while with the new Ocuton S*TT-MV the standard deviation averaged 1.7 mmHg. This measuring accuracy showed no age correlation for either self-tonometer (old Ocuton S: coefficient of correlation R=0.2; Ocuton S*TT-MV: coefficient of correlation R=0.053). CONCLUSIONS: The newly reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV improves measuring accuracy significantly and approaches the accuracy achieved using @entity2 . Improved usability of self-tonometers has clinical relevance, as @entity0 don't have to check the corneal cast on the measuring prism. This could lead to an increased usage of self-tonometry in @entity1 monitoring.

title: Intraocular pressure measurements with the newly reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV self-tonometer in comparison to Goldmann applanation tonometry in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the new Ocuton S*TT-MV to the Ocuton S (former configuration) and @entity2 . The effect of the reconfiguration on measuring accuracy and device handling of @entity1 @entity0 was evaluated. MATERIAL/METHODS: 101 @entity1 @entity0 performed self-measurements using the old Ocuton S and the Ocuton S*TT-MV. The new Ocuton S*TT-MV automatically verifies the applanated area. We used @entity2 as the gold standard reference. Three series of measurements were performed in random order. RESULTS: The mean IOP was 18.3+/-4.2 mmHg with Ocuton S, 17.5+/-3.6 mmHg with the reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV, and 15.1+/-3.4 mmHg with @entity2 . IOP ranged from 9 to 30.5 mmHg with @entity2 , 7 to 42 mmHg with Ocuton S*TT-MV, and 5 to 38 mmHg with the old Ocuton S. The mean difference between the old Ocuton S and @entity2 was 3.2+/-3.5 mmHg, between Ocuton S*TT-MV and @entity2 2.4+/-3.3 mmHg, and between old and new Ocuton S 0.9+/-2.9 mmHg (p<0.01). The standard deviation within an individual row of 4 readings per eye with the old Ocuton S averaged 1.9 mmHg, while with the new Ocuton S*TT-MV the standard deviation averaged 1.7 mmHg. This measuring accuracy showed no age correlation for either self-tonometer (old Ocuton S: coefficient of correlation R=0.2; Ocuton S*TT-MV: coefficient of correlation R=0.053). CONCLUSIONS: The newly reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV improves measuring accuracy significantly and approaches the accuracy achieved using @entity2 . Improved usability of self-tonometers has clinical relevance, as @entity0 don't have to check the corneal cast on the measuring prism. This could lead to an increased usage of self-tonometry in @entity1 monitoring.

title: Intraocular pressure measurements with the newly reconfigured Ocuton S*TT-MV self-tonometer in comparison to Goldmann applanation tonometry in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity2 cells and micrometastases in regional lymph nodes with the clinical outcome of @entity0 is unclear. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 in The Netherlands who underwent a sentinel-node biopsy for @entity0 before 2006 and had @entity0 with favorable @entity2 characteristics and @entity2 cells or micrometastases in the regional lymph nodes. @entity1 with node-negative disease were randomly selected from the years 2000 and 2001. The primary end point was disease-free survival. RESULTS: We identified 856 @entity1 with node-negative disease who had not received systemic adjuvant therapy (the node-negative, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort), 856 @entity1 with @entity2 cells or micrometastases who had not received systemic adjuvant therapy (the node-positive, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort), and 995 @entity1 with @entity2 cells or micrometastases who had received such treatment (the node-positive, adjuvant-therapy cohort). The median follow-up was 5.1 years. The adjusted hazard ratio for disease events among @entity1 with @entity2 cells who did not receive systemic therapy, as compared with @entity1 with node-negative disease, was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.94); among @entity1 with micrometastases, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.15 to 2.13). Among @entity1 with @entity2 cells or micrometastases, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.73) in the node-positive, adjuvant-therapy cohort, as compared with the node-positive, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 cells or micrometastases in regional lymph nodes were associated with a reduced 5-year rate of disease-free survival among @entity1 with favorable @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant therapy. In @entity1 with @entity2 cells or micrometastases who received adjuvant therapy, disease-free survival was improved.

title: Micrometastases or @entity2 cells and the outcome of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity2 cells and micrometastases in regional lymph nodes with the clinical outcome of @entity0 is unclear. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 in The Netherlands who underwent a sentinel-node biopsy for @entity0 before 2006 and had @entity0 with favorable @entity2 characteristics and @entity2 cells or micrometastases in the regional lymph nodes. @entity1 with node-negative disease were randomly selected from the years 2000 and 2001. The primary end point was disease-free survival. RESULTS: We identified 856 @entity1 with node-negative disease who had not received systemic adjuvant therapy (the node-negative, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort), 856 @entity1 with @entity2 cells or micrometastases who had not received systemic adjuvant therapy (the node-positive, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort), and 995 @entity1 with @entity2 cells or micrometastases who had received such treatment (the node-positive, adjuvant-therapy cohort). The median follow-up was 5.1 years. The adjusted hazard ratio for disease events among @entity1 with @entity2 cells who did not receive systemic therapy, as compared with @entity1 with node-negative disease, was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.94); among @entity1 with micrometastases, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.15 to 2.13). Among @entity1 with @entity2 cells or micrometastases, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.73) in the node-positive, adjuvant-therapy cohort, as compared with the node-positive, no-adjuvant-therapy cohort. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 cells or micrometastases in regional lymph nodes were associated with a reduced 5-year rate of disease-free survival among @entity1 with favorable @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant therapy. In @entity1 with @entity2 cells or micrometastases who received adjuvant therapy, disease-free survival was improved.

title: Micrometastases or XXXX cells and the outcome of @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Multi-dimentional problems of @entity1 @entity0 require emergent and scientific approach to be followed. This present study was carried out in 2009 to ascertain educational needs of @entity1 @entity0 in relation to their psycho mental and socio economic status. METHODS: 174 @entity0 referred to Iran's @entity1 Society were included in this study. Samples were chosen using a simple randomized method from @entity0 that fulfill the inclusion criteria. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire covered 4 main areas: 1) demographic data, 2) @entity0 tendency for education, 3) @entity0 's need for training about the nature of the disease and 4) educational need in 2 aspects of psycho mental and socio economical. RESULTS: The age of the study group ranged between 32-39 years. 71.3% of the @entity0 were female and 59.8% were married. 27.7% of the @entity0 had an @entity1 history of less than 3 years. The results showed that 39.1% of the @entity0 needed a high level of education. 0.6% of the @entity0 expressed their need to get more information about the nature of @entity1 . While 54.62% required education to decrease their @entity3 and 61.5% needed education for @entity2 control. 61.5% of @entity0 required education about drugs procuring and 58% needed education for their professional difficulties. Further analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between the need for training in the psycho mental category and education level (p=0.0035), as well as the acceptance of the disease by the @entity0 (p>0.001). Educational needs of @entity0 within socio economic groups showed no significant correlation with other factors which were investigated in this study. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed some specific characteristics which necessitate the need for more training for @entity0 experiencing psycho mental problems than @entity0 experiencing socioeconomic problems. This indicates that additional attention is to be followed for delivering education for @entity0 having @entity4 .

title: Educational, Psycho Mental and Socio economical needs of an Iranian Cohort with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Computational flow dynamic (CFD) study has not been widely applied in intracranial @entity3 due to requirement of high resolution in identifying the small intracranial artery. We described a process in CFD study applied to symptomatic severe intracranial (M1) @entity1 before and after stenting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reconstructed 3D angiography in STL format was transferred to Magics (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) for smoothing of vessel surface and trimming of branch vessels and to HyperMesh (Altair Engineering Inc., Auckland, New Zealand) for generating tetra volume mesh from triangular surface-meshed 3D angiogram. Computational analysis of blood flow in the blood vessels was performed using the commercial finite element software ADINA Ver 8.5 (ADINA R _ D, Inc., Lebanon, MA). The distribution of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), peak velocity and pressure in a @entity0 was analyzed before and after intracranial stenting. RESULTS: Computer simulation of @entity2 , flow velocity and wall pressure before and after stenting could be demonstrated three dimensionally by video mode according to flow vs. time dimension. Such flow model was well correlated with angiographic finding related to maximum degree of @entity1 . Change of @entity2 , peak velocity and pressure at the severe @entity1 was demonstrated before and after stenting. There was no @entity2 after stenting in case without residual @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that CFD analysis before and after intracranial stenting was feasible despite of limited vessel wall dimension and could reveal change of @entity2 as well as flow velocity and wall pressure.

title: Computational flow dynamics of the severe m1 XXXX before and after stenting.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of smoking on long-term outcomes of @entity1 for chronic rhinosinusitis. METHODS: The study prospectively enrolled 274 @entity0 at the Department of Otolaryngology of the Warsaw Medical University from 1993 to 2000. All @entity0 were diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis and scheduled for the @entity1 . We evaluated subgroups of @entity0 with respect to @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity2 triad, @entity3 and @entity6 . @entity0 were divided into smokers and non-smokers. @entity0 CT scan results were recorded according to the four-grade classification system by Kennedy. @entity0 were observed over a period between 2 to 9 years following the surgical intervention and had their surgery revised if the severity of symptoms were at the same level or worsened. RESULTS: Prior to @entity1 , 23% of smokers and 20% of non-smokers scored III or IV on the Kennedy Scale. The revision ESS was carried out in 27 @entity0 . In this group there were 20% smokers and 7% non-smokers, with the difference being significant. There was no significant difference in the postoperative quality of life scale scores. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that while smoking did not influence preoperative symptoms, smokers had worse postoperative outcomes.

title: Influence of cigarette smoking on XXXX long-term outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Attempts to reduce or eliminate delayed-onset of @entity2 are important as this condition is @entity1 and debilitating. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) massage and stretching exercises at reducing perceived @entity1 among untrained @entity0 . Sixteen adult @entity0 (age, 36.6 +/- 2.1 yr) volunteered to perform a strenuous exercise session consisting of resistance training and repeated sprints. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 recovery groups: a group performing WBV stretching sessions or a stretching group performing static stretching without vibration. Both groups performed similar stretches, twice per day for 3 days after the workout. The vibration group performed their stretches on the iTonic platform (frequency, 35 Hz; amplitude, 2 mm). Perceived @entity1 was measured at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postworkout. Statistical analyses identified a significantly lower level of reported perceived @entity1 at all postworkout measurement times among the WBV group (p < 0.05). No difference existed at the preworkout measurement time. The degree of attenuation of @entity1 ranged from 22-61%. These data suggest that incorporating WBV as a recovery/regeneration tool may be effective for reducing the @entity1 of @entity2 and tightness after strenuous training.

title: Effect of iTonic whole-body vibration on delayed-onset XXXX among untrained individuals.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate hemodynamic changes of the retrobulbar vasculature caused by different intraocular pressures with color Doppler ultrasonography. Fifty normal eyes in 25 @entity0 , 13 @entity0 with normal tension @entity1 , and 19 @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 (greater than 30 mm Hg) were enrolled in this study. In 15 of 19 @entity0 with @entity1 @entity0 , follow-up color Doppler ultrasonography was also undertaken after laser peripheral iridectomy when the intraocular pressure had returned to normal. The peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, resistive index, time average maximum velocity, and pulsatility index were compared in different vessels, including the central retinal artery, lateral posterior ciliary artery, medial posterior ciliary artery, and ophthalmic artery in each orbit. The peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and time average maximum velocity of the central retinal artery were significantly lower (P<0.01) in @entity1 @entity0 than in the control group. The resistive index and pulsatility index of the central retinal artery were significantly higher (P<0.01) in @entity1 @entity0 than in the control group. The end diastolic velocity of the lateral and medial posterior ciliary arteries was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity1 than in the control group, and the resistive index and pulsatility index of both of these arteries were significantly higher (P<0.001) in @entity0 with @entity1 than in the control group. However, no statistical significantly differences were found in the peak systolic velocity or time average maximum velocity in either of the posterior ciliary arteries; similarly, no statistically significant differences were noted in any of the parameters in the ophthalmic artery between the control group and the group with @entity1 . The pulsatility index of the central retinal artery and of the lateral and medial posterior ciliary arteries was significantly lower (P<0.01) in @entity1 @entity0 after laser therapy than in @entity1 @entity0 before laser therapy. The resistive index of both posterior ciliary arteries was also significantly lower (P<0.004) in @entity1 @entity0 after laser therapy than before laser therapy. All parameters for all vessels examined among the normal subjects, the @entity0 with normal tension @entity1 , and the @entity0 with @entity1 after laser therapy when the intraocular pressure had returned to normal showed no statistically significant differences. Color Doppler ultrasonography is a good modality for both imaging and studying the hemodynamics of the perioptic nerve vessels.

title: Evaluation of ocular arterial changes in XXXX with color Doppler ultrasonography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Natalizumab is the first alpha4 integrin antagonist in a new class of selective adhesion-molecule inhibitors. We report the results of a two-year phase 3 trial of natalizumab in @entity0 with relapsing @entity1 . METHODS: Of a total of 942 @entity0 , 627 were randomly assigned to receive natalizumab (at a dose of 300 mg) and 315 to receive placebo by intravenous infusion every four weeks for more than two years. The primary end points were the rate of clinical relapse at one year and the rate of sustained progression of disability, as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale, at two years. RESULTS: Natalizumab reduced the risk of sustained progression of disability by 42 percent over two years (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.77; P<0.001). The cumulative probability of progression (on the basis of Kaplan-Meier analysis) was 17 percent in the natalizumab group and 29 percent in the placebo group. Natalizumab reduced the rate of clinical relapse at one year by 68 percent (P<0.001) and led to an 83 percent reduction in the accumulation of new or enlarging hyperintense lesions, as detected by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), over two years (mean numbers of lesions, 1.9 with natalizumab and 11.0 with placebo; P<0.001). There were 92 percent fewer lesions (as detected by @entity4 -enhanced MRI) in the natalizumab group than in the placebo group at both one and two years (P<0.001). The adverse events that were significantly more frequent in the natalizumab group than in the placebo group were @entity3 (27 percent vs. 21 percent, P=0.048) and @entity2 (9 percent vs. 4 percent, P=0.012). @entity2 reactions of any kind occurred in 25 @entity0 receiving natalizumab (4 percent), and serious @entity2 occurred in 8 @entity0 (1 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Natalizumab reduced the risk of the sustained progression of disability and the rate of clinical relapse in @entity0 with relapsing @entity1 . Adhesion-molecule inhibitors hold promise as an effective treatment for relapsing @entity1 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00027300.).

title: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Open reduction and internal fixation is currently the accepted treatment for displaced @entity2 . However, even with anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation, treatment of these injuries does not have uniformly excellent outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare primary arthrodesis with open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of primarily ligamentous @entity2 . METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 with an isolated acute or subacute primarily ligamentous @entity2 were enrolled in a prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing primary arthrodesis with traditional open reduction and internal fixation. The @entity0 were followed for an average of 42.5 months. Evaluation was performed with clinical examination, radiography, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Midfoot Scale, a visual analog @entity3 scale, and a clinical questionnaire. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 were treated with open reduction and screw fixation, and twenty-one @entity0 were treated with primary arthrodesis of the medial two or three rays. Anatomic initial reduction was obtained in eighteen of the twenty @entity0 in the open-reduction group and twenty of the twenty-one in the arthrodesis group. At two years postoperatively, the mean AOFAS Midfoot score was 68.6 points in the open-reduction group and 88 points in the arthrodesis group (p < 0.005). Five @entity0 in the open-reduction group had persistent @entity3 with the development of @entity1 or @entity4 , and they were eventually treated with arthrodesis. The @entity0 who had been treated with a primary arthrodesis estimated that their postoperative level of activities was 92% of their preinjury level, whereas the open-reduction group estimated that their postoperative level was only 65% of their preoperative level (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: A primary stable arthrodesis of the medial two or three rays appears to have a better short and medium-term outcome than open reduction and internal fixation of ligamentous @entity2 .

title: Treatment of primarily ligamentous XXXX : primary arthrodesis compared with open reduction and internal fixation. A prospective, randomized study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The functional outcomes following ankle arthrodesis are not known. The purpose of the present study was to compare the intermediate-term clinical results for a group of @entity0 in whom an ankle arthrodesis had been performed with use of modern surgical techniques with the findings for a group of healthy gender and age-matched controls on the basis of validated outcome measures and gait analysis. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 who had undergone ankle arthrodesis for the treatment of isolated unilateral @entity2 were identified and retrospectively assessed clinically and radiographically. The mean age at the time of surgery was fifty-four years, and the mean interval between surgery and assessment was forty-four months. A gender and age-matched control group of twenty-seven individuals was recruited for comparison. All subjects were evaluated with gait analysis, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot scale, the Musculoskeletal Outcomes Data Evaluation and Management Systems (MODEMS) questionnaire, and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). RESULTS: On preliminary review, twenty of the twenty-six @entity0 were completely satisfied or satisfied with their surgical outcome. All @entity0 but one stated that they would undergo the surgery again. Five @entity0 stated that they did not notice a gait abnormality. Twelve @entity0 wore orthotics, and all believed that the use of the orthotics improved their gait. When the functional outcome scores in the arthrodesis group were compared with those in the control group, specific scores assessing hindfoot @entity1 and satisfaction were similar. However, scores focusing on ankle-hindfoot function and disability revealed significant differences. Gait analysis also identified significant differences between the two groups with regard to cadence and stride length. In addition, there was significantly decreased sagittal, coronal, and transverse range of motion of the hindfoot and midfoot during the stance and swing phases of gait in the arthrodesis group. Radiographic review demonstrated that four of the twenty-six @entity0 had development of moderate to severe @entity2 of the subtalar joint. CONCLUSIONS: In the intermediate term following an arthrodesis for the treatment of end-stage @entity2 , @entity1 is reliably relieved and there is good @entity0 satisfaction. However, there are substantial differences between @entity0 and the normal population with regard to hindfoot function and gait. On the basis of these results, @entity0 should be counseled that an ankle fusion will help to relieve @entity1 and to improve overall function; however, it is a salvage procedure that will cause persistent alterations in gait with a potential for deterioration due to the development of @entity2 .

title: Gait analysis and functional outcomes following ankle arthrodesis for isolated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We investigated the molecular basis of @entity2 in a @entity0 with a normal thrombin clotting time. Protein analysis indicated equal plasma expression of 2 different Bbeta alleles, and DNA sequencing confirmed heterozygosity for a new Bbeta @entity4 mutation. Protein analysis also revealed a novel gamma(D) chain, present at a ratio of 1:2 relative to the gamma(A) chain. Mass spectrometry indicated a 14 d decrease in the gamma(D)-chain mass, and DNA sequencing showed this was caused by a novel gamma @entity5 substitution. DNA sequencing established heterozygosity for 2 further mutations: @entity3 in intron 4 of the Aalpha gene and @entity1 in the 3' noncoding region of the Bbeta gene. Studies on the @entity0 's daughter, together with plasma expression levels, discounted both the Aalpha and Bbeta mutations as the cause of the low fibrinogen, suggesting that the gamma82 mutation caused the @entity2 . This was supported by analysis of 31 normal controls in whom the Bbeta mutations were found at polymorphic levels, with an allelic frequency of 5% for the Bbeta235 mutation and 42% for the Bbeta 3' untranslated mutation. The gamma82 mutation was, however, unique to the propositus. Residue gamma82 is located in the triple helix that separates the E and D domains, and aberrant packing of the helices may explain the decreased fibrinogen concentration. (Blood. 2000;95:1709-1713)

title: XXXX in an individual with 2 coding (gamma @entity5 and Bbeta @entity4 ) and 2 noncoding mutations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We investigated the molecular basis of @entity2 in a @entity0 with a normal thrombin clotting time. Protein analysis indicated equal plasma expression of 2 different Bbeta alleles, and DNA sequencing confirmed heterozygosity for a new Bbeta @entity4 mutation. Protein analysis also revealed a novel gamma(D) chain, present at a ratio of 1:2 relative to the gamma(A) chain. Mass spectrometry indicated a 14 d decrease in the gamma(D)-chain mass, and DNA sequencing showed this was caused by a novel gamma @entity5 substitution. DNA sequencing established heterozygosity for 2 further mutations: @entity3 in intron 4 of the Aalpha gene and @entity1 in the 3' noncoding region of the Bbeta gene. Studies on the @entity0 's daughter, together with plasma expression levels, discounted both the Aalpha and Bbeta mutations as the cause of the low fibrinogen, suggesting that the gamma82 mutation caused the @entity2 . This was supported by analysis of 31 normal controls in whom the Bbeta mutations were found at polymorphic levels, with an allelic frequency of 5% for the Bbeta235 mutation and 42% for the Bbeta 3' untranslated mutation. The gamma82 mutation was, however, unique to the propositus. Residue gamma82 is located in the triple helix that separates the E and D domains, and aberrant packing of the helices may explain the decreased fibrinogen concentration. (Blood. 2000;95:1709-1713)

title: @entity2 in an individual with 2 coding (gamma @entity5 and Bbeta XXXX ) and 2 noncoding mutations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We investigated the molecular basis of @entity2 in a @entity0 with a normal thrombin clotting time. Protein analysis indicated equal plasma expression of 2 different Bbeta alleles, and DNA sequencing confirmed heterozygosity for a new Bbeta @entity4 mutation. Protein analysis also revealed a novel gamma(D) chain, present at a ratio of 1:2 relative to the gamma(A) chain. Mass spectrometry indicated a 14 d decrease in the gamma(D)-chain mass, and DNA sequencing showed this was caused by a novel gamma @entity5 substitution. DNA sequencing established heterozygosity for 2 further mutations: @entity3 in intron 4 of the Aalpha gene and @entity1 in the 3' noncoding region of the Bbeta gene. Studies on the @entity0 's daughter, together with plasma expression levels, discounted both the Aalpha and Bbeta mutations as the cause of the low fibrinogen, suggesting that the gamma82 mutation caused the @entity2 . This was supported by analysis of 31 normal controls in whom the Bbeta mutations were found at polymorphic levels, with an allelic frequency of 5% for the Bbeta235 mutation and 42% for the Bbeta 3' untranslated mutation. The gamma82 mutation was, however, unique to the propositus. Residue gamma82 is located in the triple helix that separates the E and D domains, and aberrant packing of the helices may explain the decreased fibrinogen concentration. (Blood. 2000;95:1709-1713)

title: @entity2 in an individual with 2 coding (gamma XXXX and Bbeta @entity4 ) and 2 noncoding mutations.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In the foregoing articles, the editors of @entity2 have identified the major themes of current @entity2 research and assembled an outstanding group of authors to review these areas. I have been asked to provide a historical overview of past accomplishments and describe how these contributed to the broader efforts to overcome the burden of @entity0 @entity1 . My assignment also included a look into the future. As scientists we formulate hypotheses that attempt to predict the future. Occasionally we are successful. The pioneers of @entity2 research were remarkably successful in predicting the future. Armed with primitive technology relative to today, these scientists studied the biology of @entity2 and conceptualized a framework for @entity1 pathogenesis that virtually everyone working in @entity1 research follows today. The current generation has been charged with filling in the details. In the details lay the future. Together with past accomplishments, these emerging details form a remarkable picture of progress in understanding and application, creating realistic and imminent promise to achieve victory in the fight against @entity1 .

title: Overview of XXXX : past, present and future.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study to detect, quantify and compare irrigation fluid absorption in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), using BEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 50 @entity0 of lower urinary tract symptoms, secondary to benign enlargement of prostate. The @entity0 were nonrandomly allocated to undergo TURP and HoLEP. Twenty-six @entity0 underwent TURP and the remaining 24 underwent HoLEP. Sterile water tagged with 1% @entity1 w/v was used for irrigation. Absorption was detected and quantified every 10min by BEC levels. Data was analyzed using standard nomograms. RESULTS: In HoLEP, 14/24 had no fluid absorption. The remaining 10/24 showed fluid absorption ranging from 95 ml to 300 ml. In TURP, all had fluid absorption ranging from 250-980 ml. Three TURP @entity0 developed overt symptoms, while none did in the HoLEP group. CONCLUSIONS: Fluid absorption observed in our study in the HoLEP group was lower than in the TURP group.

title: Comparison of fluid absorption during transurethral resection of prostate and Holmium-Yag laser enucleation of benign adenoma of prostate using breath XXXX concentration.

answer: @entity1