abstract: Most @entity2 @entity0 are seen and treated exclusively by primary care clinicians. However, primary care @entity0 with @entity2 are often not adequately treated. The aims of this pilot study were to measure the impact of a @entity1 program on @entity0 outcome and clinician adherence to practice guidelines, measure the relationship of clinician adherence to @entity0 outcome, and explore the measurement of @entity0 adherence to clinician recommendations and its impact on @entity0 outcomes. Thirty-five primary care practices in the University of Pennsylvania Health System were randomized to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or "usual care" (UC). All @entity0 received a baseline and a 16-week follow-up clinical evaluation performed over the telephone. Those from @entity1 practices also received follow-up contact at least every 3 weeks, with formal evaluations at weeks 6 and 12. These interval contacts were designed to facilitate @entity0 and clinician adherence to a treatment algorithm based on the Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) practice guidelines. @entity2 symptoms evaluated with the Community Epidemiologic Survey of @entity2 (CES-D) scale as well as guideline adherence were the primary outcome measures. Sixty-one @entity0 were enrolled in this pilot project. The overall effect for CES-D scores over time was significant, (P <.001), indicating that those participating in the trial (both @entity1 and UC groups) showed significant improvement. The interaction between intervention condition and time was also significant (P <.05), indicating that @entity1 @entity0 improved significantly more over time than did UC @entity0 . A greater proportion of @entity1 @entity0 had CES-D scores <16 by Week 16 (66.7 versus 33.3%; chi(2), P <.05). The improvement in @entity2 outcome for the @entity1 group was related to its impact on improving clinician adherence to @entity2 treatment algorithms. The @entity1 pilot did not show a statistically significant effect on improving @entity0 adherence to clinician recommendations, however. This preliminary data suggests that @entity1 for @entity2 improves both clinician guideline adherence and @entity0 outcomes in the acute phase of @entity2 . The effect on @entity0 outcome is at least partially explained by the effect of @entity1 on clinician adherence to @entity2 treatment algorithms.

title: The pilot study of a XXXX program for @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose We investigated whether active video gaming (AVG) could bring about regular, enjoyable, physical exercise in @entity0 treated for @entity2 , what level of physical activity could be reached and if the @entity0 's physical functioning improved. Methods Thirteen @entity0 , aged 7-17 years, were randomised to either AVG or waiting-list. After 10-12 weeks they crossed-over. Weekly Internet @entity3 sessions were used to sustain motivation and evaluate enjoyment. Energy expenditure (EE) levels were measured as Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET), using a multisensory activity monitor. Single-blinded assessments of physical functioning were done, using the Bruininks-Osteretsky Test of Motor Performance, second edition, evaluating @entity0 before and after the intervention period, as well as comparing the randomisation groups after the first period. Results All @entity0 completed the study. AVG sessions (mean duration 47   minutes) were performed on 72% of all days. Mean EE level during AVG sessions was 3.0 MET, corresponding to moderate physical activity. The Body Coordination score improved by 15% (p   =   0.021) over the intervention period. Conclusions In this group of childhood @entity2 survivors, home-based AVG, supported by a coach, was a feasible, enjoyable and moderately intense form of exercise that improved Body Coordination. Implications for Rehabilitation Childhood @entity2 survivors frequently have @entity1 , inferior physical functioning and are less physically active compared to their healthy peers. Active video gaming (AVG), supported by Internet @entity3 , is a feasible home-based intervention in @entity0 treated for @entity2 , promoting enjoyable, regular physical exercise of moderate intensity. In this pilot study, AVG with Nintendo Wii improved Body Coordination.

title: Active video gaming improves body coordination in survivors of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the effect of metronomic @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in combination with personalized peptide vaccination ( @entity3 ) on regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and whether it could improve the antitumor effect of @entity3 . Seventy @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive @entity3 plus oral low-dose @entity4 (50  mg/day), or @entity3 alone. @entity3 treatment used a maximum of four peptides chosen from 31 pooled peptides according to human leukocyte antigen types and antigen-specific humoral immune responses before @entity3 , for 8 subcutaneous weekly injections. Peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and immunoglobulin G responses were measured before and after @entity3 . The incidence of grade 3 or 4 hematologic adverse events was higher in the @entity3 plus @entity4 arm than in the @entity3 alone arm. Decrease in Treg and increase in MDSC were more pronounced in @entity3 plus @entity4 treatment than in @entity3 alone (p  =  0.036 and p  =  0.048, respectively). There was no correlation between the changes in Treg or MDSC and CTL response. There was no difference in positive immune responses between the two arms, although overall survival in @entity0 with positive immune responses was longer than in those with negative immune responses (p  =  0.001). Significant differences in neither progression-free survival nor overall survival were observed between the two arms. Low-dose @entity4 showed no change in the antitumor effect of @entity3 , possibly due to the simultaneous decrease in Treg and increase in MDSC, in @entity0 under @entity3 .

title: A randomized phase II clinical trial of personalized peptide vaccination with metronomic low-dose XXXX in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the effect of metronomic @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in combination with personalized peptide vaccination ( @entity3 ) on regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and whether it could improve the antitumor effect of @entity3 . Seventy @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive @entity3 plus oral low-dose @entity4 (50  mg/day), or @entity3 alone. @entity3 treatment used a maximum of four peptides chosen from 31 pooled peptides according to human leukocyte antigen types and antigen-specific humoral immune responses before @entity3 , for 8 subcutaneous weekly injections. Peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and immunoglobulin G responses were measured before and after @entity3 . The incidence of grade 3 or 4 hematologic adverse events was higher in the @entity3 plus @entity4 arm than in the @entity3 alone arm. Decrease in Treg and increase in MDSC were more pronounced in @entity3 plus @entity4 treatment than in @entity3 alone (p  =  0.036 and p  =  0.048, respectively). There was no correlation between the changes in Treg or MDSC and CTL response. There was no difference in positive immune responses between the two arms, although overall survival in @entity0 with positive immune responses was longer than in those with negative immune responses (p  =  0.001). Significant differences in neither progression-free survival nor overall survival were observed between the two arms. Low-dose @entity4 showed no change in the antitumor effect of @entity3 , possibly due to the simultaneous decrease in Treg and increase in MDSC, in @entity0 under @entity3 .

title: A randomized phase II clinical trial of personalized peptide vaccination with metronomic low-dose @entity2 in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the effect of metronomic @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in combination with personalized peptide vaccination ( @entity3 ) on regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and whether it could improve the antitumor effect of @entity3 . Seventy @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive @entity3 plus oral low-dose @entity4 (50  mg/day), or @entity3 alone. @entity3 treatment used a maximum of four peptides chosen from 31 pooled peptides according to human leukocyte antigen types and antigen-specific humoral immune responses before @entity3 , for 8 subcutaneous weekly injections. Peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and immunoglobulin G responses were measured before and after @entity3 . The incidence of grade 3 or 4 hematologic adverse events was higher in the @entity3 plus @entity4 arm than in the @entity3 alone arm. Decrease in Treg and increase in MDSC were more pronounced in @entity3 plus @entity4 treatment than in @entity3 alone (p  =  0.036 and p  =  0.048, respectively). There was no correlation between the changes in Treg or MDSC and CTL response. There was no difference in positive immune responses between the two arms, although overall survival in @entity0 with positive immune responses was longer than in those with negative immune responses (p  =  0.001). Significant differences in neither progression-free survival nor overall survival were observed between the two arms. Low-dose @entity4 showed no change in the antitumor effect of @entity3 , possibly due to the simultaneous decrease in Treg and increase in MDSC, in @entity0 under @entity3 .

title: A randomized phase II clinical trial of personalized peptide vaccination with metronomic low-dose @entity2 in XXXX with metastatic castration-resistant @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Surgical excision of @entity2 by amputation, resection or locally delimited excision has remained to be the optional curative approach to @entity3 of any position, severity, type and phase. Low-dose heparinisation, oral intestinal washing, and perioperative application of antibiotics have retained their established positions in the run-op to surgical action. The value of perioperative radiotherapy is still unelucidated. Chemotherapy has so far failed to produce a safe adjuvant effect. The age limit to curative intervention is continuously moved upwards. Resection is more often chosen than other approaches. Safely established knowledge is likely to suggest that the atumorous aboral safety zone may be reduced to 2 cm, provided that the perirectal lymphatic channels are severed at equal level. @entity4 in cases of @entity5 can often be sutured only by staplers. There is a growing number of situations in which the approach can be taken without preceding colostomy. Transanal and transsphincteral access routes are available for locally delimited @entity0 excision. @entity1 has been continuously lowered and is now below five per cent. Reported in this paper are the authors' own results over the past decade.

title: [Surgical therapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteins involved in the remodelling and homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. These proteases have been well studied in the retina and the brain, marking their importance in neuronal cell survival and death [Chintala (2006) Exp Eye Res 82:5-12; Candelario-Jalil et al. (2009) Neuroscience 158:983-994]. The neuroepithelia of the eye and the inner ear share common characteristics. Therefore, we hypothesized that MMPs could play a similar role in the cochlea as described in the retina. We focused on the localization and function of @entity7 and @entity6 in the cochlea, by determining their expression and activity under normal conditions and after cochlear damage via @entity4 exposition. We examined their expression in 5-day-old @entity1 @entity1 cochleas by RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and Western blot. We used immunohistochemistry to investigate their location in the cochleas of adult C57BL/6 @entity0 . We also determined whether or not the exposure of the organs of Corti to @entity2 would change @entity7 and @entity6 expression patterns. Western blotting identified @entity7 and @entity6 in neonatal @entity5 , stria vascularis, and to a lesser extent the organ of Corti. Neonatal mRNA expression of @entity7 was approximately equivalent in all three tissues, while @entity6 mRNA was highest in @entity5 . Immunohistochemistry showed @entity7 primarily in adult @entity5 neurons and inner hair cells, while @entity6 was found mainly in @entity5 neurons, inner hair cells and supporting cells. Organs of Corti treated with @entity3 for 24 h showed an upregulation of @entity7 and @entity6 proteins, but did not show a significant upregulation of mRNA expression 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h after @entity3 exposure. Inhibition of MMP activity in organs of Corti incubated with an MMP inhibitor in organotypic cultures resulted in hair cell death-suggesting that a basal level of MMP activity is required for hair cell survival.

title: XXXX in the cochlea: expression and activity after @entity4 exposition.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteins involved in the remodelling and homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. These proteases have been well studied in the retina and the brain, marking their importance in neuronal cell survival and death [Chintala (2006) Exp Eye Res 82:5-12; Candelario-Jalil et al. (2009) Neuroscience 158:983-994]. The neuroepithelia of the eye and the inner ear share common characteristics. Therefore, we hypothesized that MMPs could play a similar role in the cochlea as described in the retina. We focused on the localization and function of @entity7 and @entity6 in the cochlea, by determining their expression and activity under normal conditions and after cochlear damage via @entity4 exposition. We examined their expression in 5-day-old @entity1 @entity1 cochleas by RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and Western blot. We used immunohistochemistry to investigate their location in the cochleas of adult C57BL/6 @entity0 . We also determined whether or not the exposure of the organs of Corti to @entity2 would change @entity7 and @entity6 expression patterns. Western blotting identified @entity7 and @entity6 in neonatal @entity5 , stria vascularis, and to a lesser extent the organ of Corti. Neonatal mRNA expression of @entity7 was approximately equivalent in all three tissues, while @entity6 mRNA was highest in @entity5 . Immunohistochemistry showed @entity7 primarily in adult @entity5 neurons and inner hair cells, while @entity6 was found mainly in @entity5 neurons, inner hair cells and supporting cells. Organs of Corti treated with @entity3 for 24 h showed an upregulation of @entity7 and @entity6 proteins, but did not show a significant upregulation of mRNA expression 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h after @entity3 exposure. Inhibition of MMP activity in organs of Corti incubated with an MMP inhibitor in organotypic cultures resulted in hair cell death-suggesting that a basal level of MMP activity is required for hair cell survival.

title: @entity7 in the cochlea: expression and activity after XXXX exposition.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In this study prophylactic antiarrhythmic effects of @entity6 on exercise-induced @entity5 were evaluated in a total of 22 @entity0 . All @entity0 displayed frequent and/or complex @entity5 during repeated exercise tests under control conditions. After two control exercise tests, all @entity0 were treated with 120 mg @entity6 given every 8 h orally for 4 days. On the 3rd and 4th day of treatment the exercise tests were repeated. The results were that @entity6 caused a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of exercise-induced @entity5 in 13 out of 22 @entity0 . In @entity0 with concomitant significant ST-segment @entity3 , a prophylactic action could be demonstrated in nine out of ten cases. The antiarrhythmic effect was independent of changes in heart rate. In @entity0 with @entity2 , a reduction in myocardial @entity1 consumption and direct electrophysiological effects (suppression of the "slow response" and/or an increase in the resting potential of the " @entity3 fast response") can be discussed as mechanisms of action. Also, a suppression of "triggered activity" or a direct inhibition of adrenergic effects must be considered. According to our results and the literature, @entity4 antagonists ( @entity6 type) proved to be suitable drugs for the treatment of exercise-induced @entity5 , particularly in @entity0 with concomitant @entity2 .

title: [Prevention of effort-induced XXXX using @entity6 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: In this study prophylactic antiarrhythmic effects of @entity6 on exercise-induced @entity5 were evaluated in a total of 22 @entity0 . All @entity0 displayed frequent and/or complex @entity5 during repeated exercise tests under control conditions. After two control exercise tests, all @entity0 were treated with 120 mg @entity6 given every 8 h orally for 4 days. On the 3rd and 4th day of treatment the exercise tests were repeated. The results were that @entity6 caused a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of exercise-induced @entity5 in 13 out of 22 @entity0 . In @entity0 with concomitant significant ST-segment @entity3 , a prophylactic action could be demonstrated in nine out of ten cases. The antiarrhythmic effect was independent of changes in heart rate. In @entity0 with @entity2 , a reduction in myocardial @entity1 consumption and direct electrophysiological effects (suppression of the "slow response" and/or an increase in the resting potential of the " @entity3 fast response") can be discussed as mechanisms of action. Also, a suppression of "triggered activity" or a direct inhibition of adrenergic effects must be considered. According to our results and the literature, @entity4 antagonists ( @entity6 type) proved to be suitable drugs for the treatment of exercise-induced @entity5 , particularly in @entity0 with concomitant @entity2 .

title: [Prevention of effort-induced @entity5 using XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current study presents an economic, ecofriendly and simple photo-catalytic green route for the @entity0 biosynthesis of @entity1 nanoparticles (AgNPs) within 20s, devoid of any instrumental support or chemical reductant. Aqueous leaf-extract of an aquatic fern, Salvinia molesta (AES), was used as a bioreductant as well as a stabilizing agent. Rapid change in color of reaction mixture from yellowish green to reddish brown within 20s in direct sun light exposure was considered as the primary visual indication of AgNPs biosynthesis. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy through the presence of a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band for AgNPs at   max of 425nm. The process parameters were optimized through one factor at a time approach. Optimal values of different process parameters for the current biosynthetic system were found as; 35min of reaction time under sun light, 8.0mM @entity4 concentration and 5.0% (v/v) AES inoculum dose. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that most of AgNPs were spherical in shape with average size distribution of 12.46nm having face centered cubic (fcc) crystal lattice. IR analysis of AES and synthesized AgNPs indicated the involvement of both @entity3 and @entity2 groups in the biosynthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were found to be an effective antibacterial agent against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. On the basis of results and facts, a probable mechanism has also been proposed to explore the possible route of biosynthesis of AgNPs through AES.

title: Photo-catalyzed and phyto-mediated rapid green synthesis of XXXX nanoparticles using herbal extract of Salvinia molesta and its antimicrobial efficacy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide guidance regarding follow-up procedures after initial treatment of early stage @entity3 (clinical stages (CS) I-II A/B) based on current published evidence complemented by expert opinion. METHODS AND MATERIAL: An interdisciplinary, multinational working group consisting of urologists, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists analyzed the published evidence regarding follow-up procedures in various stages of seminomatous and nonseminomatous @entity1 . Focusing on radiooncological aspects, the recommendations contained herein are restricted to early stage @entity3 (with radiotherapy being a standard treatment option). In particular, extent, frequency, and duration of imaging at follow-up were analyzed concerning relapse patterns, risk factors, and mode of relapse detection. RESULTS: Active surveillance, adjuvant @entity2 or radiotherapy are equally accepted options for CS I @entity3 but they result in different relapse rates and patterns. Usually relapses occur within the first 2(-6) years. Routinely performed follow-up using computerized tomography (CT) after adjuvant treatment yield only low detection rates of recurrences. Therefore, there is no evidence to maintain routine examinations every 3-4 months. After treatment of stage IIA/B, detection rates of relapses or progression identified solely by routinely performed CT during follow-up are low. CONCLUSION: Considering lifelong cure rates of up to 99% for @entity0 treated for @entity3 CS I-IIA/B, the negative impact of unnecessary ionizing radiation exposure has to be considered. The presented recommendations for various follow-up scenarios for early stage @entity3 strongly promote the restrictive use of imaging procedures that utilize ionizing radiation (especially CT), due to its potential to induce secondary @entity1 .

title: Interdisciplinary evidence-based recommendations for the follow-up of early stage seminomatous testicular germ cell XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide guidance regarding follow-up procedures after initial treatment of early stage @entity3 (clinical stages (CS) I-II A/B) based on current published evidence complemented by expert opinion. METHODS AND MATERIAL: An interdisciplinary, multinational working group consisting of urologists, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists analyzed the published evidence regarding follow-up procedures in various stages of seminomatous and nonseminomatous @entity1 . Focusing on radiooncological aspects, the recommendations contained herein are restricted to early stage @entity3 (with radiotherapy being a standard treatment option). In particular, extent, frequency, and duration of imaging at follow-up were analyzed concerning relapse patterns, risk factors, and mode of relapse detection. RESULTS: Active surveillance, adjuvant @entity2 or radiotherapy are equally accepted options for CS I @entity3 but they result in different relapse rates and patterns. Usually relapses occur within the first 2(-6) years. Routinely performed follow-up using computerized tomography (CT) after adjuvant treatment yield only low detection rates of recurrences. Therefore, there is no evidence to maintain routine examinations every 3-4 months. After treatment of stage IIA/B, detection rates of relapses or progression identified solely by routinely performed CT during follow-up are low. CONCLUSION: Considering lifelong cure rates of up to 99% for @entity0 treated for @entity3 CS I-IIA/B, the negative impact of unnecessary ionizing radiation exposure has to be considered. The presented recommendations for various follow-up scenarios for early stage @entity3 strongly promote the restrictive use of imaging procedures that utilize ionizing radiation (especially CT), due to its potential to induce secondary @entity1 .

title: Interdisciplinary evidence-based recommendations for the follow-up of early stage seminomatous testicular germ cell @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Perioperative @entity6 after trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary and @entity1 is an uncommon but serious complication. Little evidence guides the choice of chemoprophylaxis in this setting. To begin to address this deficiency, we investigated the incidence of perioperative @entity3 in 442 @entity0 who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery and received a short chemoprophylaxis regimen with a single agent and did not require lumbar drainage. In 2005 we instituted a standardized antibiotic prophylaxis protocol for trans-sphenoidal surgery that utilized intravenous @entity5 , a second-generation @entity7 with broad coverage and excellent spinal fluid penetration, administered 30 min before surgery and 8 h later. The primary endpoint was the incidence of perioperative (within 30 days of surgery) @entity6 . Data from The Barrow Pituitary Outcomes Project, a prospectively maintained @entity0 research database, were supplemented with review of medical records and hospital discharge codes. There were no cases of perioperative @entity3 . Three @entity0 developed delayed @entity3 associated with persistent or recurrent spinal fluid leakage 2-8 months after surgery. Perioperatively, seven @entity0 received additional antibiotics for @entity2 . A single-agent, short-duration chemoprophylaxis regimen for trans-sphenoidal surgery is effective at preventing perioperative @entity3 in @entity0 who do not require lumbar drainage after surgery. The results of this regimen compare favorably to historical rates achieved with longer regimens that use two antibiotics. Future studies will investigate the role prophylactic antibiotics play in nasal mucosa healing and @entity4 .

title: Short-duration, single-agent antibiotic prophylaxis for XXXX in trans-sphenoidal surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the early clinical outcome of reconstruction with modular hemipelvic prostheses after @entity3 resection. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed eight @entity0 between 2004 and 2007 who had periacetabular resections and reconstruction with a modular hemipelvic prosthetic system for @entity3 with a mean follow-up of 27 (range,10~54) months. Oncology outcome was assessed with survival rate, local recurrence rate, International Society of Limb Salvage (ISOLS) score and complications. Two @entity0 had types I and II (periacetabular and ilium) pelvic resections, three had types II and III (periacetabular and pubis) pelvic resections and three had type I , II and III (ilium, periacetabular and pubis) pelvic resections. Nobody received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. RESULTS: Five @entity0 were free of disease; three @entity0 died of disease. The overall survival rate was 62.5%. None had local recurrence, and 37.5% had @entity1 . The mean ISOLS score was 19.5. No one had deep @entity2 or dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction with a modular hemipelvic prosthetic system after periacetabular resection is a promising method because of the acceptable complication rate and satisfactory functional outcome.

title: Outcome after XXXX resection and reconstruction with a modular hemipelvic prostheses.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 are rare. One aetiological cause is @entity2 with secondary suppuration and subsequent hepatic and @entity7 . Only a few cases of @entity3 in @entity0 with chronic @entity6 have been reported and we record another case. A 47-year-old white male, with chronic alcohol-induced @entity6 who had earlier undergone several laparotomies related to this disease, was admitted with a @entity1 . Drainage was not successful. The @entity0 developed bilioptysis and a bronchobiliary fistula was diagnosed. The fistulous tract was demonstrated using PTC as well as bronchography. Laparotomy was performed and the fistulous tract was excised. The hepaticoduodenal ligament was completely obstructed by the inflamed pancreatic gland. An earlier but now obstructed cholecystojejunostomy was revised. This case was complicated by episodes of severe @entity4 probably caused by @entity5 of the portal vein and local varices around the gallbladder and common duct.

title: @entity3 in chronic XXXX . Case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 are rare. One aetiological cause is @entity2 with secondary suppuration and subsequent hepatic and @entity7 . Only a few cases of @entity3 in @entity0 with chronic @entity6 have been reported and we record another case. A 47-year-old white male, with chronic alcohol-induced @entity6 who had earlier undergone several laparotomies related to this disease, was admitted with a @entity1 . Drainage was not successful. The @entity0 developed bilioptysis and a bronchobiliary fistula was diagnosed. The fistulous tract was demonstrated using PTC as well as bronchography. Laparotomy was performed and the fistulous tract was excised. The hepaticoduodenal ligament was completely obstructed by the inflamed pancreatic gland. An earlier but now obstructed cholecystojejunostomy was revised. This case was complicated by episodes of severe @entity4 probably caused by @entity5 of the portal vein and local varices around the gallbladder and common duct.

title: XXXX in chronic @entity6 . Case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to compare different fetal growth curves in twin pregnancies with severe @entity0 . A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 47 twin pregnancies with absent or reverse end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery of one fetus was performed. Pregnancies with major fetal abnormalities, twin-twin transfusion or three or more fetuses were not included. The estimated fetal weight zeta-scores were calculated for both fetuses (abnormal Doppler and co-twin) according to the following criteria: Hadlock, Liao and @entity1  jo. The abdominal circumference zeta-scores were calculated according to Hadlock, Liao, @entity1  jo, Ong and Stirrup. The mean estimates of the zeta-score values were calculated using generalized estimating equation regression analysis. The mean gestational age at inclusion was 27.4  4.7 weeks. The fetal sex and the interaction Doppler findings * criteria correlated significantly with the zeta-score values (p <0.001 for both variables). The estimated fetal weight mean zeta-scores (standard error) according to each criteria were as follows: Hadlock - abnormal Doppler: -2.98 (0.18), co-twin: -1.16 (0.15); Liao - abnormal Doppler: -2.89 (0.24), co-twin: -0.58 (0.19); and @entity1  jo - abnormal Doppler: -3.05 (0.29), co-twin: -0.75 (0.18). Values for abdominal circumference were as follows: Hadlock - abnormal Doppler: -3.14 (0.26), co-twin: -1.13 (0.19); Liao - abnormal Doppler: -2.63 (0.27), co-twin: -0.42 (0.19); @entity1  jo - abnormal Doppler: -2.44 (0.22), co-twin: -0.71 (0.14); Ong - abnormal Doppler: -3.36 (0.34), co-twin: -1.48 (0.23); and Stirrup AD -- -2.36 (0.14), co-twin: -1.18 (0.10). Sex- and plurality-specific charts should be used in the evaluation of fetal growth in twin pregnancies with @entity0 .

title: Fetal growth according to different reference ranges in twin pregnancies with XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A @entity3 occurred in the right parietal parasagittal region of a 43-year-old @entity0 . A total excision was carried out. Three years and 9 months later, one parasagittal and two @entity1 in close proximity recurred and were excised. The @entity1 showed the features of an anaplastic transitional @entity3 with increased mitoses. The @entity3 recurred locally and repeatedly, despite radiation therapy and chemoimmunotherapy. She died 7 years and 8 months after the onset. At autopsy, the @entity1 was found to have metastasized via the cerebrospinal fluid to the spinal cord and pituitary stalk. Extracranial metastases were not evident. At the fourth craniotomy, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was administered intravenously to label @entity1 cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. The @entity2 -labeled cells accounted for 9.0%; they are usually less than 1% in @entity3 . @entity3 with a high labeling index recur rapidly, even after Simpson's grade 2 removal, and treatment for a @entity1 should be instituted.

title: Cell kinetics of the malignant evolution of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion tensor imaging measures the proton diffusivity and preferential orientation of the diffusion tensor. @entity3 is a @entity1 for which therapy depends on the onset and extension of @entity1 . We investigated the ability of diffusion tensor imaging to detect changes in the @entity1 and in the normal appearing white matter. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging of three related @entity0 with @entity3 and seven age-matched control @entity0 was performed. Isotropic diffusion (D') and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were determined in 18 regions of interest in the white matter of both hemispheres. RESULTS: In all the demyelinated white matter areas, a pattern with increased D' and loss of FA was found. For example, mean D' was 1.772 x 10(-3)mm(2)/s in @entity0 2 with @entity2 and was 0.693 x 10(-3)mm(2)/s in control @entity0 (P =.01). In the same region, mean FA was 0.103 (0.464 in control @entity0 , P <.0001). Significant alterations of D' and FA were also observed in normal appearing white matter. For example, mean D' was 0.802 x 10(-3)mm(2)/s in the parietal white matter of @entity0 1 with no visible alterations on T2-weighted images (0.715 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s in control @entity0 , P =.03), whereas mean FA was 0.320 (0.400 in control @entity0 , P =.003). CONCLUSION: Elevated D' and loss of FA revealed by diffusion tensor imaging are consistent with severe @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 . Significant alterations of D' and FA in normal appearing white matter may indicate @entity1 in areas that are not yet visibly altered on conventional MR images. Further evaluation in a larger series of @entity0 and long-term study are needed.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging in cases of @entity3 : preliminary experience as a marker for XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion tensor imaging measures the proton diffusivity and preferential orientation of the diffusion tensor. @entity3 is a @entity1 for which therapy depends on the onset and extension of @entity1 . We investigated the ability of diffusion tensor imaging to detect changes in the @entity1 and in the normal appearing white matter. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging of three related @entity0 with @entity3 and seven age-matched control @entity0 was performed. Isotropic diffusion (D') and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were determined in 18 regions of interest in the white matter of both hemispheres. RESULTS: In all the demyelinated white matter areas, a pattern with increased D' and loss of FA was found. For example, mean D' was 1.772 x 10(-3)mm(2)/s in @entity0 2 with @entity2 and was 0.693 x 10(-3)mm(2)/s in control @entity0 (P =.01). In the same region, mean FA was 0.103 (0.464 in control @entity0 , P <.0001). Significant alterations of D' and FA were also observed in normal appearing white matter. For example, mean D' was 0.802 x 10(-3)mm(2)/s in the parietal white matter of @entity0 1 with no visible alterations on T2-weighted images (0.715 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s in control @entity0 , P =.03), whereas mean FA was 0.320 (0.400 in control @entity0 , P =.003). CONCLUSION: Elevated D' and loss of FA revealed by diffusion tensor imaging are consistent with severe @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 . Significant alterations of D' and FA in normal appearing white matter may indicate @entity1 in areas that are not yet visibly altered on conventional MR images. Further evaluation in a larger series of @entity0 and long-term study are needed.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging in cases of XXXX : preliminary experience as a marker for @entity1 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: During a one-year period all @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) taken care of by three ambulances were studied. An incidence of 110 cardiac arrests/100,000 inhabitants/year was found. The majority of CAs affected the elderly and occurred during the day in their homes. The majority of CAs were witnessed but cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) had been initiated by bystanders in only a few cases. The ambulance arrived within a mean time of 7.7 +/- 4.0 min. Forty-eight per cent of the @entity2 @entity0 showed @entity1 or @entity3 (VT/VF) on ambulance arrival. @entity0 with a prolonged ambulance delay showed a lower incidence of VT/VF than @entity0 with a short delay. @entity0 in whom CPR had been initiated by bystanders showed a significantly higher incidence of VT/VF (67%) than unattended @entity0 (45%). Bystander CPR was furthermore associated with an increased incidence of VT/VF in @entity0 with prolonged ambulance delay. VT/VF was present at the time when the ambulance arrived in 86% of the @entity2 @entity0 who had received CPR from a bystander and were reached within 8 min by the ambulance.

title: XXXX in Stockholm with special reference to the ambulance organization.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We designed an interactive animated video that provides a basic explanation-including the risks, benefits, and alternatives-of anesthetic procedures. We hypothesized that this video would improve @entity0 understanding of anesthesia, reduce @entity2 , and shorten the interview time. METHODS: Two hundred eleven @entity0 scheduled for @entity1 surgery under general anesthesia or combined general and epidural anesthesia, who were admitted at least 1 day before the surgery, were randomly assigned to the video group (n = 106) or the no-video group (n = 105). The @entity0 in the video group were asked to watch a short interactive animation video in the ward. After watching the video, the @entity0 were visited by an anesthesiologist who performed a preanesthetic interview and routine risk assessment. The @entity0 in the no-video group were also visited by an anesthesiologist, but were not asked to watch the video. In both groups, the @entity0 were asked to complete the State-Trait @entity2 Inventory and a 14-point scale of knowledge test before the anesthesiologist's visit and on the day of surgery. We also measured interview time. RESULTS: There was no demographic difference between the 2 groups. The interview time was 34.4% shorter (video group, 12.2    5.3 minutes, vs. no-video group, 18.6    6.4 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI] for the percentage reduction in time: 32.7%- 44.3%), and knowledge of anesthesia was 11.6% better in the video group (score 12.5    1.4 vs. no-video group score 11.2    1.7; 95% CI for the percentage increase in knowledge: 8.5%-13.9%). However, there was no difference in preanesthetic @entity2 between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Our short interactive animation video helped @entity0 ' understanding of anesthesia and reduced anesthesiologists' interview time.

title: The effects of short interactive animation video information on preanesthetic XXXX , knowledge, and interview time: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Radiographic Union Score for Hip (RUSH) is a previously validated outcome instrument designed to improve intra- and interobserver reliability when describing the radiographic healing of @entity2 . The ability to identify @entity1 that have not healed is important for defining nonunion in clinical trials and predicting @entity0 who will likely require additional surgery to promote @entity1 healing. We sought to investigate the utility of the RUSH score to define @entity2 nonunion. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) What RUSH score threshold yields at least 98% specificity to diagnose nonunion at 6 months postinjury? (2) Using the threshold identified, are @entity0 below this threshold at greater risk of reoperation for nonunion and for other indications? METHODS: A representative sample of 250 out of a cohort of 725 @entity0 with adequate 6-month hip radiographs was analyzed from a multinational elderly hip @entity1 trial (FAITH). All @entity0 had a @entity2 and were treated with either multiple cancellous screws or a sliding hip screw. Two reviewers independently determined the RUSH score based on the 6-month postinjury radiographs and interrater reliability was assessed with the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). There was substantial reliability between the reviewers assigning the RUSH scores (ICC, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.85). The RUSH score is a checklist-based system that quantifies four measures of healing: cortical bridging, cortical @entity1 disappearance, trabecular consolidation, and trabecular @entity1 disappearance.. @entity1 healing was determined by two independent methods: (1) concurrently by the treating surgeon using both clinical and radiographic assessments as per routine clinical care; and (2) retrospectively by a Central Adjudication Committee using complete obliteration of the @entity1 line on radiographs alone. Receiver operating characteristic tables were used to define a RUSH threshold score that was > 98% specific for @entity1 nonunion. RESULTS: A threshold score of < 18 was associated with a 100% specificity (95% CI, 97%-100%) and a positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 73%-100%) for radiographic nonunion. In contrast, using the @entity1 healing assessments of the treating surgeons failed to identify a useful discriminatory nonunion threshold and the highest positive predictive value was 43%. With respect to complications, @entity0 with RUSH scores below 18 had greater risk of undergoing reoperation for nonunion (reoperation when < 18: six of 13 [46%]; reoperation when >=  18: 11 of 237 [54%]; relative risk [RR], 9.9 [95% CI, 4.4-22.7]; p < 0.001) and for all indications (reoperation when < 18: eight of 13 [62%]; reoperation when >=  18: 54 of 237 [38%]; RR, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.7-4.4]; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The 6-month RUSH score is a reliable method for assessing radiographic healing. Our results highlight the discordance between radiographic determinations and clinician assessments of @entity1 healing and stress the need for clinical data to be incorporated in research studies evaluating @entity1 healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, diagnostic study.

title: The Radiographic Union Score for Hip (RUSH) Identifies Radiographic Nonunion of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary Sj  gren syndrome (pSS) is a common @entity6 which primarily affects epithelial tissue, often including the kidney causing either @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or more rarely, an immune complex related @entity5 . METHODS: We describe the clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics of 12 @entity0 with pSS related @entity8 and their response to treatment with antiproliferative agents. All 12 @entity0 were investigated and treated at the UCL Centre for Nephrology in London. RESULTS: All @entity0 had @entity8 demonstrated via needle biopsy; immunophenotyping showed that the interstitial infiltrate was predominantly a @entity4 + T-cell infiltrate. Urinary acidification testing demonstrated @entity1 in 8 @entity0 . Proximal @entity9 was present in 5 @entity0 . All but 1 @entity0 were treated with antiproliferative agents and most also with a reducing course of @entity2 . In the treated @entity0 , there was a significant improvement in the serum @entity7 and measured GFR. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with pSS @entity8 have significant @entity1 and other functional tubular defects. There is a mononuclear lymphocytic infiltrate on renal biopsy and this appears to be mainly a @entity4 + T-cell infiltrate. Treatment with @entity10 (and @entity3 ) improves the renal function in @entity0 with pSS @entity8 .

title: XXXX in primary Sj  gren syndrome: clinical manifestations and response to treatment.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: In this prospective trial, we evaluated the influence of chemotherapy for @entity0 on @entity1 's health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), sexual function, and mental status. METHODS: The @entity1 completed validated questionnaires on HR-QoL, sexual function, and @entity2 before, during, and at the end and finally 6  months after chemotherapy. Special attention was paid to possible differences between pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 . RESULTS: Between 2008 and 2012, 79 @entity1 were enrolled in the trial (mean age 47.46  years). Premenopausal @entity1 were 63.3  %. Sexual activity dropped from 71.9  % before chemotherapy to a minimum of 47  % at the end of chemotherapy. A similar effect was seen for pleasure and discomfort. @entity2 values were the highest at the beginning of chemotherapy, with spontaneous improvement in many @entity1 during the course of time. HR-QoL and global health status both increased 6  months after therapy. For almost all parameters, changes were more obvious in pre- than in postmenopausal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In a close monitoring, we observed significant changes in HR-QoL, @entity2 , and sexual function in @entity0 @entity1 . Special attention needs to be paid to premenopausal @entity1 . The knowledge of effective recovery and spontaneous improvement of HR-QoL in spite of still impaired sexuality are important information in counseling both pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity0 prior to upcoming therapy.

title: The impact of chemotherapy for XXXX on sexual function and health-related quality of life.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) containing @entity6 has been introduced recently aiming to improve the nutritional status of @entity7 @entity0 . @entity2 -based PDFs have been implicated in progressive functional and structural deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. Limited data are currently available regarding the effect of @entity3 -based PDF on the function and ultrastructure of @entity0 peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), which play a critical role in peritoneal membrane pathophysiology. METHODS: We investigated the effects of two commercially available PDFs, which utilized @entity2 (1.5% Dianeal) or @entity6 (1.1% Nutrineal) as the osmotic agent, obtained from @entity0 after a 4 h dwell, on HPMC proliferation ( @entity1 assay and cell counting) and viability [ @entity5 dehydrogenase (LDH)release], @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secretion (commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and ultrastructure (scanning and transmission electron microscopy). RESULTS: Exposure of HPMCs to 1.5% Dianeal reduced cell proliferation, total cellular protein synthesis, @entity4 secretion and cell attachment, but prolonged the cell doubling time on recovery, and increased LDH release (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.0001, P<0.0001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The 1.1% Nutrineal reduced HPMC proliferation (P<0.001) and increased @entity4 secretion (P<0.0001), but did not affect cell attachment, LDH release, protein synthesis or cell doubling time. Ultrastructural studies of HPMCs exposed to Dianeal showed cell flattening, increased cell surface area, reduced microvilli, and intracellular organelles compatible with dysfunctional mitochondria. In contrast, the ultrastructural morphology of HPMCs was relatively preserved after incubation with Nutrineal. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that HPMC ultrastructure, viability and protein synthesis were better preserved with @entity3 -based PDF, compared with conventional dextrose-based PDF. The significance of @entity4 induction by Nutrineal remains to be elucidated.

title: Different effects of XXXX -based and @entity2 -based dialysate from peritoneal dialysis @entity0 on mesothelial cell ultrastructure and function.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) containing @entity6 has been introduced recently aiming to improve the nutritional status of @entity7 @entity0 . @entity2 -based PDFs have been implicated in progressive functional and structural deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. Limited data are currently available regarding the effect of @entity3 -based PDF on the function and ultrastructure of @entity0 peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), which play a critical role in peritoneal membrane pathophysiology. METHODS: We investigated the effects of two commercially available PDFs, which utilized @entity2 (1.5% Dianeal) or @entity6 (1.1% Nutrineal) as the osmotic agent, obtained from @entity0 after a 4 h dwell, on HPMC proliferation ( @entity1 assay and cell counting) and viability [ @entity5 dehydrogenase (LDH)release], @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secretion (commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and ultrastructure (scanning and transmission electron microscopy). RESULTS: Exposure of HPMCs to 1.5% Dianeal reduced cell proliferation, total cellular protein synthesis, @entity4 secretion and cell attachment, but prolonged the cell doubling time on recovery, and increased LDH release (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.0001, P<0.0001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The 1.1% Nutrineal reduced HPMC proliferation (P<0.001) and increased @entity4 secretion (P<0.0001), but did not affect cell attachment, LDH release, protein synthesis or cell doubling time. Ultrastructural studies of HPMCs exposed to Dianeal showed cell flattening, increased cell surface area, reduced microvilli, and intracellular organelles compatible with dysfunctional mitochondria. In contrast, the ultrastructural morphology of HPMCs was relatively preserved after incubation with Nutrineal. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that HPMC ultrastructure, viability and protein synthesis were better preserved with @entity3 -based PDF, compared with conventional dextrose-based PDF. The significance of @entity4 induction by Nutrineal remains to be elucidated.

title: Different effects of @entity3 -based and XXXX -based dialysate from peritoneal dialysis @entity0 on mesothelial cell ultrastructure and function.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) containing @entity6 has been introduced recently aiming to improve the nutritional status of @entity7 @entity0 . @entity2 -based PDFs have been implicated in progressive functional and structural deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. Limited data are currently available regarding the effect of @entity3 -based PDF on the function and ultrastructure of @entity0 peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), which play a critical role in peritoneal membrane pathophysiology. METHODS: We investigated the effects of two commercially available PDFs, which utilized @entity2 (1.5% Dianeal) or @entity6 (1.1% Nutrineal) as the osmotic agent, obtained from @entity0 after a 4 h dwell, on HPMC proliferation ( @entity1 assay and cell counting) and viability [ @entity5 dehydrogenase (LDH)release], @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secretion (commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and ultrastructure (scanning and transmission electron microscopy). RESULTS: Exposure of HPMCs to 1.5% Dianeal reduced cell proliferation, total cellular protein synthesis, @entity4 secretion and cell attachment, but prolonged the cell doubling time on recovery, and increased LDH release (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.0001, P<0.0001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The 1.1% Nutrineal reduced HPMC proliferation (P<0.001) and increased @entity4 secretion (P<0.0001), but did not affect cell attachment, LDH release, protein synthesis or cell doubling time. Ultrastructural studies of HPMCs exposed to Dianeal showed cell flattening, increased cell surface area, reduced microvilli, and intracellular organelles compatible with dysfunctional mitochondria. In contrast, the ultrastructural morphology of HPMCs was relatively preserved after incubation with Nutrineal. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that HPMC ultrastructure, viability and protein synthesis were better preserved with @entity3 -based PDF, compared with conventional dextrose-based PDF. The significance of @entity4 induction by Nutrineal remains to be elucidated.

title: Different effects of @entity3 -based and @entity2 -based dialysate from peritoneal dialysis XXXX on mesothelial cell ultrastructure and function.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The morphology of the afferent synapse in type I ( @entity1 ) and type II (HCII) saccular hair cells was compared in juvenile and very old C57BL/6NNia @entity0 . Normal membrane specializations and normal synaptic body (SB) form and organization were found to continue well beyond the expected life span. Although SB were found less frequently in @entity1 than in HCII, they were as readily found in old saccules as in juveniles. The elongated rod was the most common form in @entity1 and the spheroid was the most common in HCII. Large clusters of SB (greater than 5), found in both juvenile and old saccules, were unique to @entity1 . SB in HCII were generally found singly. A range of forms, including hollow and striated dense bodies, also occurred in both juvenile and very old saccules. Singular or clustered SB were found free in the cytoplasm as well as engaged at the membrane. No SB were seen at sites other than nerve terminal appositions. In rare instances a SB was observed engaged at a site that appeared to be opposite an efferent fiber.

title: Persistence of synaptic bodies in saccular hair cells of senescent XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , a @entity1 caused by @entity3 , is a public health concern in certain countries, including India. Although the prevalence of the disease has fallen drastically over time, new cases continue to occur at nearly the same rate in many regions. Several endemic pockets have been observed in India and elsewhere. The precise dynamics of @entity2 transmission are still not clearly understood. Both live bacilli as well as @entity3 DNA have been detected in the soil and water of endemic areas; they possibly play an important role in disease transmission. AIMS: To study the occurrence of viable @entity3 in environmental samples collected from areas of residence of @entity0 with active @entity2 . METHODS: The study was conducted on 169 newly diagnosed @entity2 @entity0 in Ghatampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Soil and water samples were collected from their areas of residence using a standardized protocol. An equal number of soil and water samples were also collected from non- @entity0 areas of the same or adjoining villages. The environmental samples collected from the @entity0 surroundings were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis after obtaining informed consent. RESULTS: About a quarter of the environmental samples collected from @entity0 areas, (25.4% of soil samples and 24.2% of water samples) were found to be positive for specific 16S ribosomal RNA genes of @entity3 . Environmental samples collected from non- @entity0 areas were all found negative for @entity3 16S ribosomal RNA genes. LIMITATIONS: The major limitation of the study was that the sample size was small. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the presence of viable strains of @entity3 in skin smear samples of paucibacillary @entity0 and multibacillary @entity0 , as well as in the environmental samples obtained from around their houses. This could play an important role in the continued transmission of @entity2 .

title: Viability of XXXX in the environment and its role in leprosy dissemination.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Small degradation products of proteins can have regulatory powers in biological systems. We have studied the role of selected oligopeptides derived from the pregnancy hormone @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in several(patho)physiological systems. The employed oligopeptides (3 up to 7 @entity5 ) were designed according to the known nick sites in 'loop-2' of b-hCG. These oligopeptides can inhibit severe @entity2 , the onset of @entity6 , @entity3 and tumorigenesis. One of the oligopeptides (AQGV) appeared capable of accelerating recuperation after lethal radiation of @entity1 , thereby reducing the number of @entity4 among the irradiated @entity1 . This particular oligopeptide has already been successfully tested in @entity0 Phase I and IIa studies. Regulating oligopeptides are not only released as a specific subset by degradation of the pregnancy hormone hCG, but also during the degradation of other body proteins and possibly also by transcription of so-called 'non-coding' mRNA. Based on a system's biology approach we designed a series of oligopeptides with particular physico-chemical properties based on the primary structure of @entity8 and @entity7 (CRP). Several of the designed oligopeptides were able to inhibit vital genes involved in cell division in a plant model. We call such oligopeptides with regulating activity 'peptide-i' peptides, referring to their ability to interfere with the expression of particular genes, and thus with the expression of the related biological activities. The fact that the selected oligopeptides can inhibit the multiplication of plant cells suggests that these peptides, through evolution, are part of a hitherto unknown conserved regulatory system. Based on the data presented we foresee the development of many new regulatory oligopeptide-based pharmaceuticals, which could be a serious option for addressing new therapeutic challenges.

title: XXXX chorionic gonadotropin: a model molecule for oligopeptide-based drug discovery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate whether integrated treatment (given by OPUS), in comparison with standard treatment, significantly reduced the number of @entity0 with @entity2 and improved clinical and social outcome in the group of substance abusers after 2 years. METHODS: A total of 547 @entity0 with first-episode @entity1 -spectrum disorders were included in the study, 275 randomly assigned to OPUS treatment and 272 to standard treatment. OPUS treatment consisted of assertive community treatment with family involvement and social skills training. Standard treatment offered contact with a community mental health centre. Main outcome measure was reduction in comorbid @entity2 . RESULTS: At 2-year follow up, 42 (17.3%) @entity0 from OPUS and 40 (20.7%) @entity0 from standard treatment met criteria for @entity2 (odds ratio=0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.0). OPUS treatment compared with standard treatment significantly reduced negative and disorganized symptoms in the substance abuser group. @entity0 with @entity2 in the OPUS treatment spent significantly fewer days in hospital during the 2-year period than @entity0 given standard treatment (109 days vs. 167 days) and adhered to treatment significantly more often. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this trial indicate that integrated treatment given by OPUS reduced @entity2 and improved clinical outcome in the substance abuser group. Supplementing the OPUS treatment with therapeutic programmes for @entity0 with a comorbid @entity2 would probably further improve outcome.

title: @entity2 and first-episode XXXX -spectrum disorders. The Danish OPUS trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To evaluate whether integrated treatment (given by OPUS), in comparison with standard treatment, significantly reduced the number of @entity0 with @entity2 and improved clinical and social outcome in the group of substance abusers after 2 years. METHODS: A total of 547 @entity0 with first-episode @entity1 -spectrum disorders were included in the study, 275 randomly assigned to OPUS treatment and 272 to standard treatment. OPUS treatment consisted of assertive community treatment with family involvement and social skills training. Standard treatment offered contact with a community mental health centre. Main outcome measure was reduction in comorbid @entity2 . RESULTS: At 2-year follow up, 42 (17.3%) @entity0 from OPUS and 40 (20.7%) @entity0 from standard treatment met criteria for @entity2 (odds ratio=0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.0). OPUS treatment compared with standard treatment significantly reduced negative and disorganized symptoms in the substance abuser group. @entity0 with @entity2 in the OPUS treatment spent significantly fewer days in hospital during the 2-year period than @entity0 given standard treatment (109 days vs. 167 days) and adhered to treatment significantly more often. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this trial indicate that integrated treatment given by OPUS reduced @entity2 and improved clinical outcome in the substance abuser group. Supplementing the OPUS treatment with therapeutic programmes for @entity0 with a comorbid @entity2 would probably further improve outcome.

title: XXXX and first-episode @entity1 -spectrum disorders. The Danish OPUS trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To examine the rationale and evidence supporting an early intervention approach in @entity0 . METHODS: A selective literature review was conducted. RESULTS: During the onset of @entity0 , there is often a significant delay between the emergence of @entity1 and the initiation of treatment. The average duration of untreated @entity1 is around 1-2 years. During this period, brain function may continue to deteriorate and social networks can be irreversibly damaged. Studies have consistently linked longer duration of untreated @entity1 with poorer outcomes and this relationship holds even after controlling for the potential confounding variable of premorbid functioning. In Norway, the early Treatment and Intervention in @entity1 study demonstrated that duration of untreated @entity1 is amenable to intervention with the combination of educational campaigns and specialized early detection units substantially decreasing the period from onset of symptoms to treatment initiation. Furthermore, recent evidence from the randomized controlled OPUS and the Lambeth Early Onset trial studies have linked phase-specific early interventions to improved outcomes spanning symptoms, adherence to treatment, comorbid drug abuse, relapse and readmission. Some benefits persist after cessation of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Early intervention in @entity0 is justified to reduce the negative personal and social impact of prolonged periods of untreated symptoms. Furthermore, phase-specific interventions are associated with improved outcomes, at least in the short term. Further research is needed to establish the optimum duration of such programmes.

title: The rationale for early intervention in XXXX and related disorders.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Contrasting hypotheses exist about the relationship between plant species diversity and genetic diversity. However, experimental data of species diversity effects on genetic differentiation among populations are lacking. To address this, @entity1 was sown with an equal number of seeds in 78 experimental grasslands (Jena Experiment) varying in species @entity0 (1, 2, 4, 8 to 16) and functional group @entity0 and composition (1-4; grasses, legumes, small herbs, tall herbs). Population sizes were determined 4years after sowing, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA markers based on bulk samples of up to 100 individuals per population were applied. Genetic distances between the field populations and the initially sown seed population increased with sown species @entity0 . The degree of genetic differentiation from the original seed population was largely explained by actual population sizes, which suggests that genetic drift was the main driver of differentiation. Weak relationships among relative allele frequencies and species diversity or actual population sizes, and a positive correlation between actual population sizes and expected heterozygosity also supported the role of genetic drift. Functional composition had additional effects on genetic differentiation of @entity1 populations, indicating a selection because of genotype-specific interactions with other species. Our study supports that genetic diversity is likely to be lower in plant communities with a higher number of interspecific competitors. Negative effects of species @entity0 on population sizes may increase the probability of genetic drift, and selection because of genotype-specific interactions depending on species and genotypic community composition may modulate this relationship.

title: Plant species diversity and composition of experimental grasslands affect genetic differentiation of XXXX populations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This pretrial study aimed to develop and test the usability of a four-week Internet intervention delivered by a Web-enabled mobile phone to support self-management of chronic @entity1 . METHODS: The intervention included daily online entries and individualized written feedback, grounded in a mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral approach. The @entity0 registered activities, emotions and @entity1 cognitions three times daily using the mobile device. The therapist had immediate access to this information through a secure Web site. The situational information was used to formulate and send a personalized text message to the @entity0 with the aim of stimulating effective self-management of the current situation. Six @entity0 participated and evaluated the experience. RESULTS: The intervention was rated as supportive, meaningful and user-friendly by the majority of the @entity0 . The response rate to the daily registration entries was high and technical problems were few. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a feasible intervention. Web-applications are fast becoming standard features of mobile phones and interventions of this kind can therefore be more available than before. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01236209.

title: Written online situational feedback via mobile phone to support self-management of chronic XXXX : a usability study of a Web-based intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity1 with @entity0 who have casting-type microcalcifications associated with multifocal invasion and extensive @entity7 ( @entity7 ) form a subset of @entity1 with a poor prognosis. Our study aims to identify the mammographic and pathologic features of this group. DESIGN: @entity1 with casting-type microcalcifications, multifocal invasion, and extensive @entity7 were identified from our @entity2 board registry. Mammographic features, @entity2 characteristics, treatment, and survival rates were evaluated. Invasive @entity2 were limited to 14 mm or smaller. SETTING: University medical teaching hospital and @entity0 specialty clinic. RESULTS: Of the 984 @entity1 with @entity0 treated at our center, 15 @entity1 were identified who had extensive casting-type calcifications and @entity7 . Twelve of these @entity1 also had multifocal invasive @entity0 . All had casting-type microcalcifications occupying more than 1 breast quadrant. All but 1 of the @entity1 were treated using mastectomy with sentinel node biopsy or axillary node dissection. All but 1 @entity1 had extensive grade 3 @entity7 . Invasive @entity2 were negative for @entity3 receptor and @entity6 receptor expression in half of the @entity1 , and 60% were positive for the HER-2-neu receptor. Positive axillary lymph nodes were found in 33% of @entity1 , and 75% received adjuvant chemotherapy. After a median follow-up period of 20.5 months (range, 6-72 months), 1 @entity1 had died and 1 had distant metastases. Of the 3 @entity1 who had @entity7 without invasion, 1 experienced a recurrence with infiltrating @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with small multifocal @entity0 with extensive casting calcifications and @entity7 , the incidence of positive lymph nodes was 33%, with a tendency for poor @entity2 markers. These @entity1 appear to be at substantial risk for @entity4 ; lymph node sampling and adjuvant systemic therapy are recommended.

title: Casting-type calcifications with invasion and high-grade XXXX : a more aggressive disease?

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) blockade improves cardiac contractility and prolongs survival in @entity0 with @entity3 ; however, the mechanisms underlying these favorable responses are poorly understood. Stress-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of the @entity2 ( @entity1 ) release channel/cardiac ryanodine receptor ( @entity9 ), required for cardiac excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, activating the @entity9 channel, and increasing cardiac contractility. The hyperadrenergic state of @entity3 results in leaky @entity9 channels attributable to PKA hyperphosphorylation and depletion of the stabilizing @entity4 binding protein, @entity8 . We tested the hypothesis that improved cardiac muscle function attributable to beta-AR blockade is associated with restoration of normal @entity9 channel function in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the effects of beta-AR blockade on left ventricular volume using isolated perfused hearts and beta-agonist responsiveness using muscle strips from @entity0 undergoing transplantation. Twenty-four @entity0 hearts were examined, 10 from @entity0 with @entity3 treated with beta-AR blockers ( @entity5 , @entity6 , or @entity7 ), 9 from @entity0 with @entity3 without beta-AR blocker treatment, and 5 normal hearts. @entity9 PKA phosphorylation was determined by back-phosphorylation, @entity8 in the @entity9 macromolecular complex was determined by coimmunoprecipitation, and channel function was assayed using planar lipid bilayers. beta-AR blockers reduced left ventricular volume (reverse remodeling) and restored beta-agonist response in cardiac muscle from @entity0 with @entity3 . Improved cardiac muscle function was associated with restoration of normal @entity8 levels in the @entity9 macromolecular complex and @entity9 channel function. CONCLUSIONS: Improved cardiac muscle function during beta-AR blockade is associated with improved cardiac @entity1 release channel function in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Beta-blockers restore @entity2 release channel function and improve cardiac muscle performance in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) blockade improves cardiac contractility and prolongs survival in @entity0 with @entity3 ; however, the mechanisms underlying these favorable responses are poorly understood. Stress-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of the @entity2 ( @entity1 ) release channel/cardiac ryanodine receptor ( @entity9 ), required for cardiac excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, activating the @entity9 channel, and increasing cardiac contractility. The hyperadrenergic state of @entity3 results in leaky @entity9 channels attributable to PKA hyperphosphorylation and depletion of the stabilizing @entity4 binding protein, @entity8 . We tested the hypothesis that improved cardiac muscle function attributable to beta-AR blockade is associated with restoration of normal @entity9 channel function in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the effects of beta-AR blockade on left ventricular volume using isolated perfused hearts and beta-agonist responsiveness using muscle strips from @entity0 undergoing transplantation. Twenty-four @entity0 hearts were examined, 10 from @entity0 with @entity3 treated with beta-AR blockers ( @entity5 , @entity6 , or @entity7 ), 9 from @entity0 with @entity3 without beta-AR blocker treatment, and 5 normal hearts. @entity9 PKA phosphorylation was determined by back-phosphorylation, @entity8 in the @entity9 macromolecular complex was determined by coimmunoprecipitation, and channel function was assayed using planar lipid bilayers. beta-AR blockers reduced left ventricular volume (reverse remodeling) and restored beta-agonist response in cardiac muscle from @entity0 with @entity3 . Improved cardiac muscle function was associated with restoration of normal @entity8 levels in the @entity9 macromolecular complex and @entity9 channel function. CONCLUSIONS: Improved cardiac muscle function during beta-AR blockade is associated with improved cardiac @entity1 release channel function in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Beta-blockers restore XXXX release channel function and improve cardiac muscle performance in @entity0 @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) blockade improves cardiac contractility and prolongs survival in @entity0 with @entity3 ; however, the mechanisms underlying these favorable responses are poorly understood. Stress-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of the @entity2 ( @entity1 ) release channel/cardiac ryanodine receptor ( @entity9 ), required for cardiac excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, activating the @entity9 channel, and increasing cardiac contractility. The hyperadrenergic state of @entity3 results in leaky @entity9 channels attributable to PKA hyperphosphorylation and depletion of the stabilizing @entity4 binding protein, @entity8 . We tested the hypothesis that improved cardiac muscle function attributable to beta-AR blockade is associated with restoration of normal @entity9 channel function in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the effects of beta-AR blockade on left ventricular volume using isolated perfused hearts and beta-agonist responsiveness using muscle strips from @entity0 undergoing transplantation. Twenty-four @entity0 hearts were examined, 10 from @entity0 with @entity3 treated with beta-AR blockers ( @entity5 , @entity6 , or @entity7 ), 9 from @entity0 with @entity3 without beta-AR blocker treatment, and 5 normal hearts. @entity9 PKA phosphorylation was determined by back-phosphorylation, @entity8 in the @entity9 macromolecular complex was determined by coimmunoprecipitation, and channel function was assayed using planar lipid bilayers. beta-AR blockers reduced left ventricular volume (reverse remodeling) and restored beta-agonist response in cardiac muscle from @entity0 with @entity3 . Improved cardiac muscle function was associated with restoration of normal @entity8 levels in the @entity9 macromolecular complex and @entity9 channel function. CONCLUSIONS: Improved cardiac muscle function during beta-AR blockade is associated with improved cardiac @entity1 release channel function in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Beta-blockers restore @entity2 release channel function and improve cardiac muscle performance in XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a mediator of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) development. @entity8 is an orally active, selective @entity5 @entity6 kinase inhibitor. This phase II study sought to explore the activity, @entity2 , and pharmacodynamics of @entity8 in @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with recurrent or metastatic @entity3 were enrolled through the University of Chicago Phase II Consortium. @entity0 were allowed no more than one prior therapy for recurrent or metastatic disease and were treated with single-agent @entity8 500 mg/d. @entity0 @entity1 biopsies were obtained and stained immunohistochemically for @entity5 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and phosphorylated @entity7 (p-ERK). Study end points included response rate, time to progression, median survival, and inhibition of p-ERK. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity0 were enrolled (40 male and 12 female) with a median age of 59 years (range, 34 to 84 years). Fourteen @entity0 received @entity8 through a feeding tube. Half the cohort received @entity8 as second-line therapy. Forty-seven @entity0 were assessable for response, with an observed response rate of 10.6% and a disease control rate of 53%. Median time to progression and survival were 3.4 and 8.1 months, respectively. The only grade 3 @entity2 encountered was @entity4 in three @entity0 . Performance status and development of @entity2 were found to be strong predictors of response, progression, and survival. Ten biopsy samples were assessable and revealed no significant change in @entity5 or p-ERK expression with @entity8 therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity8 has single-agent activity and is well tolerated in refractory @entity3 . In contrast to other reports, development of @entity2 was a statistically significant predictor of response and improved outcome.

title: Phase II trial of @entity8 in recurrent or metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a mediator of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) development. @entity8 is an orally active, selective @entity5 @entity6 kinase inhibitor. This phase II study sought to explore the activity, @entity2 , and pharmacodynamics of @entity8 in @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with recurrent or metastatic @entity3 were enrolled through the University of Chicago Phase II Consortium. @entity0 were allowed no more than one prior therapy for recurrent or metastatic disease and were treated with single-agent @entity8 500 mg/d. @entity0 @entity1 biopsies were obtained and stained immunohistochemically for @entity5 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and phosphorylated @entity7 (p-ERK). Study end points included response rate, time to progression, median survival, and inhibition of p-ERK. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity0 were enrolled (40 male and 12 female) with a median age of 59 years (range, 34 to 84 years). Fourteen @entity0 received @entity8 through a feeding tube. Half the cohort received @entity8 as second-line therapy. Forty-seven @entity0 were assessable for response, with an observed response rate of 10.6% and a disease control rate of 53%. Median time to progression and survival were 3.4 and 8.1 months, respectively. The only grade 3 @entity2 encountered was @entity4 in three @entity0 . Performance status and development of @entity2 were found to be strong predictors of response, progression, and survival. Ten biopsy samples were assessable and revealed no significant change in @entity5 or p-ERK expression with @entity8 therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity8 has single-agent activity and is well tolerated in refractory @entity3 . In contrast to other reports, development of @entity2 was a statistically significant predictor of response and improved outcome.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX in recurrent or metastatic @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of chemoreduction using @entity3 and @entity5 in preventing or delaying external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or enucleation in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 (43 eyes) with newly diagnosed @entity1 received primary treatment with eight courses of @entity3 and @entity5 . Focal treatments were delayed until documentation of disease progression. Outcome measures for each eye were length of time to disease progression, avoidance or delay of EBRT, and globe survival. Event-free survival was defined as the length of time to EBRT or enucleation. RESULTS: Disease in all eyes responded to chemotherapy and progressed in only two @entity0 before completion of the eight courses of therapy. Disease in all but four eyes progressed and required focal treatments. Event-free survival estimates at 2 years were 59.2% +/- 12.0% for Reese-Ellsworth group I, II, and III eyes and 26.3% +/- 9.2% for group IV and V eyes. Nineteen eyes (44.2%) required EBRT and 13 eyes (30.2%) were enucleated. The ocular salvage rate was 83.3% for Reese-Ellsworth group I to III eyes and 52.6% for group IV and V eyes. For those @entity0 receiving EBRT, the median time from enrollment to EBRT was 9.5 months (median age at EBRT, 21 months). CONCLUSION: In combination with appropriate early intensive focal treatments, chemoreduction with @entity3 and @entity5 , without @entity4 , may be an alternative treatment for @entity0 with early-stage @entity1 , although additional studies are needed. @entity0 with @entity2 require more aggressive treatments.

title: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of chemoreduction using @entity3 and @entity5 in preventing or delaying external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or enucleation in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 (43 eyes) with newly diagnosed @entity1 received primary treatment with eight courses of @entity3 and @entity5 . Focal treatments were delayed until documentation of disease progression. Outcome measures for each eye were length of time to disease progression, avoidance or delay of EBRT, and globe survival. Event-free survival was defined as the length of time to EBRT or enucleation. RESULTS: Disease in all eyes responded to chemotherapy and progressed in only two @entity0 before completion of the eight courses of therapy. Disease in all but four eyes progressed and required focal treatments. Event-free survival estimates at 2 years were 59.2% +/- 12.0% for Reese-Ellsworth group I, II, and III eyes and 26.3% +/- 9.2% for group IV and V eyes. Nineteen eyes (44.2%) required EBRT and 13 eyes (30.2%) were enucleated. The ocular salvage rate was 83.3% for Reese-Ellsworth group I to III eyes and 52.6% for group IV and V eyes. For those @entity0 receiving EBRT, the median time from enrollment to EBRT was 9.5 months (median age at EBRT, 21 months). CONCLUSION: In combination with appropriate early intensive focal treatments, chemoreduction with @entity3 and @entity5 , without @entity4 , may be an alternative treatment for @entity0 with early-stage @entity1 , although additional studies are needed. @entity0 with @entity2 require more aggressive treatments.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity3 and @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of chemoreduction using @entity3 and @entity5 in preventing or delaying external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or enucleation in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 (43 eyes) with newly diagnosed @entity1 received primary treatment with eight courses of @entity3 and @entity5 . Focal treatments were delayed until documentation of disease progression. Outcome measures for each eye were length of time to disease progression, avoidance or delay of EBRT, and globe survival. Event-free survival was defined as the length of time to EBRT or enucleation. RESULTS: Disease in all eyes responded to chemotherapy and progressed in only two @entity0 before completion of the eight courses of therapy. Disease in all but four eyes progressed and required focal treatments. Event-free survival estimates at 2 years were 59.2% +/- 12.0% for Reese-Ellsworth group I, II, and III eyes and 26.3% +/- 9.2% for group IV and V eyes. Nineteen eyes (44.2%) required EBRT and 13 eyes (30.2%) were enucleated. The ocular salvage rate was 83.3% for Reese-Ellsworth group I to III eyes and 52.6% for group IV and V eyes. For those @entity0 receiving EBRT, the median time from enrollment to EBRT was 9.5 months (median age at EBRT, 21 months). CONCLUSION: In combination with appropriate early intensive focal treatments, chemoreduction with @entity3 and @entity5 , without @entity4 , may be an alternative treatment for @entity0 with early-stage @entity1 , although additional studies are needed. @entity0 with @entity2 require more aggressive treatments.

title: Treatment of @entity1 with XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is an independent risk factor for cervical @entity8 . METHODS: Using a nested case-control design, the authors reviewed all @entity0 under age 60 with cervical @entity8 (n = 151) and @entity5 or @entity9 from between 1995 and 2000 at two academic @entity2 centers. Controls (n = 306) were selected to match cases by sex and within age strata. Cases and controls were solicited by mail, and respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The medical records of interviewed @entity0 were reviewed by two blinded neurologists to confirm that the @entity0 had @entity2 or @entity9 and to determine whether there was evidence of @entity8 . RESULTS: After interview and blinded chart review, 51 @entity0 with dissection (mean age 41 +/- 10 years; 59% female) and 100 control @entity0 (44 +/- 9 years; 58% female) were studied. In univariate analysis, @entity0 with dissection were more likely to have had SMT within 30 days (14% vs 3%, p = 0.032), to have had neck or @entity1 preceding @entity2 or @entity9 (76% vs 40%, p < 0.001), and to be current consumers of @entity4 (76% vs 57%, p = 0.021). In multivariate analysis, @entity8 were independently associated with SMT within 30 days (OR 6.62, 95% CI 1.4 to 30) and @entity3 before @entity2 / @entity9 (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.3 to 11). CONCLUSIONS: This case-controlled study of the influence of SMT and cervical @entity8 shows that SMT is independently associated with @entity8 , even after controlling for @entity7 . @entity0 undergoing SMT should be consented for risk of @entity2 or @entity6 from the procedure. A significant @entity7 following spinal manipulative therapy warrants immediate medical evaluation.

title: Spinal manipulative therapy is an independent risk factor for XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Adenovirus (Ad) type 5 DNA packaging is initiated in a polar fashion from the left end of the genome. The packaging process is dependent upon the cis-acting packaging domain located between @entity1 194 and 380. Seven A/T-rich repeats have been identified within this domain that direct packaging. A1, A2, A5, and A6 are the most important repeats functionally and share a bipartite sequence motif. Several lines of evidence suggest that there is a limiting trans-acting factor(s) that plays a role in packaging. Two cellular activities that bind to minimal packaging domains in vitro have been previously identified. These binding activities are P complex, an uncharacterized protein(s), and @entity0 ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF). In this work, we report that a third cellular protein, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), binds to minimal packaging domains. In vitro binding analyses and in vivo packaging assays were used to examine the relevance of these DNA binding activities to Ad DNA packaging. The results of these experiments reveal that COUP-TF and @entity3 binding does not play a functional role in Ad packaging, whereas P-complex binding directly correlates with packaging function. We demonstrate that P complex contains the cellular protein CCAAT displacement protein ( @entity2 ) and that full-length @entity2 is found in purified virus particles. In addition to cellular factors, previous evidence indicates that viral factors play a role in the initiation of viral DNA packaging. We propose that @entity2 , in conjunction with one or more viral proteins, binds to the packaging sequences of Ad to initiate the encapsidation process.

title: Binding of CCAAT displacement protein XXXX to adenovirus packaging sequences.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) have attracted considerable interest as gene delivery systems because they show long-term expression in vivo and transduce numerous cell types. Limitations to successful gene transduction from rAAVs have prompted investigations of a variety of treatments to enhance transgene expression from rAAV vectors. @entity3 -1, an @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 kinase inhibitor, dramatically enhances rAAV transgene expression. Elegant studies have demonstrated that a single-strand D-sequence-binding protein (ssDBP) is phosphorylated by @entity0 and binds to the D sequence element in the AAV terminal repeat (TR). Binding of the Tyr-phosphorylated ssDBP prevents conversion of single-stranded vector DNA to a double-strand conformation. We observed dramatic increases in transgene expression in lung epithelial cells (IB3) with @entity3 treatment. Gel shift analysis of ssDBP revealed that its DNA binding characteristics were unchanged after @entity3 treatment or @entity2 . @entity3 stimulated rAAV transgene expression to a greater extent than @entity2 . Southern hybridizations revealed that the vector DNA remained in the single-strand conformation in @entity3 -treated cells but double-stranded replicative form monomer DNA was most abundant in adenovirus-infected cells. Northern analyses revealed that @entity3 treatment enhanced mRNA accumulation more than in adenovirus-infected cultures even though replicative form DNA was undetectable. Analysis of the JNK, ERK, and p38K mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways revealed that @entity3 treatment stimulated the activity of JNK and p38K. Our data suggest that @entity3 -induced alteration of stress response pathways results in dramatic enhancement of transcription on linear vector DNA templates in the IB3 cell line. These results expand the downstream targets of the @entity0 in regulating rAAV transduction.

title: Enhancement of recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2-mediated transgene expression in a lung epithelial cell line by inhibition of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Use of @entity0 -specific drain-phase parameters has previously been suggested to improve @entity1 ( @entity1 ) adequacy. Improving management of the drain period may also help to minimize intraperitoneal volume (IPV). A typical gravity-based drain profile consists of a relatively constant initial fast-flow period, followed by a transition period and a decaying slow-flow period. That profile was modeled using the equation VD(t) = (V(D0) - Q(MAX) x t) xphi + (V(D0) x e(-alphat)) x (1 - phi), where V(D)(t) is the time-dependent dialysate volume; V(D0), the dialysate volume at the start of the drain; Q(MAX), the maximum drain flow rate; alpha, the exponential drain constant; and phi, the unit step function with respect to the flow transition. We simulated the effects of the assumed @entity0 -specific maximum drain flow (Q(MAX)) and transition volume (psi), and the peritoneal volume percentage when transition occurs,for fixed device-specific drain parameters. Average @entity0 transport parameters were assumed during 5-exchange therapy with 10 L of @entity1 solution. Changes in therapy performance strongly depended on the drain parameters. Comparing 400 mL/85% with 200 mL/65% (Q(MAX/psi), drain time (7.5 min vs. 13.5 min) and IPV (2769 mL vs. 2355 mL) increased when the initial drain flow was low and the transition quick. Ultrafiltration and solute clearances remained relatively similar. Such differences were augmented up to a drain time of 22 minutes and an IPV of more than 3 L when Q(MAX) was 100 mL/min. The ability to model individual drain conditions together with water and solute transport may help to prevent @entity0 discomfort with gravity-based @entity1 . However, it is essential to note that practical difficulties such as displaced catheters and obstructed flow paths cause variability in drain characteristics even for the same @entity0 , limiting the clinical applicability of this model.

title: A mathematical model to optimize the drain phase in gravity-based XXXX systems.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the rate-limiting enzyme in @entity7 synthesis, and plays an important role in @entity1 enlargement. @entity5 is expressed in @entity0 gastric and @entity3 , and the expression increases in a @entity1 size-dependent manner. In the present study, we attempted to examine the @entity5 expression pattern in @entity4 , a non-tumorous lesion. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity4 , obtained by endoscopic polypectomy, were immunostained with anti- @entity5 and antivascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity2 ) antibodies. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined by @entity6 factor immunostaining. RESULTS: In larger @entity4 , @entity5 was expressed mainly on the luminal side of the @entity4 , while it was absent in smaller @entity4 . A significant correlation between @entity5 immunoreactivity and polyp size was observed (p < 0.01). High @entity2 expression and MVD were observed mainly in the same stromal region of the @entity4 where @entity5 was expressed. Both @entity2 expression and MVD were also correlated with polyp size significantly (ps < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 expression increased in a size-dependent manner in non-tumorous @entity4 , suggesting that @entity5 expression is not necessarily linked to epithelial cell transformation. Moreover, @entity5 may participate in polyp enlargement through angiogenesis by promoting @entity2 production.

title: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and angiogenesis in XXXX --association with polyp size.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Elidel is a @entity2 -free cream containing a 1% strength of the topical immunomodulator pimecrolimus. Elidel was specifically developed as a treatment for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and is approved for use in @entity0 as young as 2 years of age. The production of inflammatory cytokines by activated T cells in skin is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity4 . Elidel potently suppresses cytokine production by dermal T cells without significantly impairing systemic immune responses. Elidel does not cause steroid-associated local effects, such as @entity3 , striae, or @entity5 . In randomized controlled clinical studies, twice-daily application of Elidel was shown to significantly improve the signs and symptoms of @entity4 in @entity0 , @entity0 , and adults. The clinical effect of Elidel on @entity1 , the most troublesome symptom of @entity4 , can be observed within 1 week of therapy and is maintained for the duration of treatment. Elidel is well tolerated; the risk of application-site reactions, such as itching or burning, is comparable with that of the vehicle. Adverse effects were generally mild in @entity0 receiving Elidel and occurred at rates comparable with those in @entity0 receiving vehicle treatment. In a 1-year study, Elidel significantly reduced the incidence of flares when used at the first signs and symptoms of acute @entity4 . As a result, overall corticosteroid use to treat flares was significantly lower in @entity0 using Elidel for early intervention.

title: Elidel (pimecrolimus) cream 1%: a nonsteroidal topical agent for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The inhibition of apoptosis is generally believed to be a major determinant of resistance to chemotherapy. However, recent findings have shown that caspase inhibitors do not protect @entity0 cells from @entity3 by cytotoxic agents, but may switch drug-induced apoptosis to an alternative ' @entity3 '. The primary goals of this study were to determine the major characteristics of the ' @entity3 ' and the mechanism by which this switch is activated. For this purpose, we first investigated putative cell @entity3 modes induced by @entity5 . Molecular markers associated with these @entity3 modes were utilized to identify the @entity3 resulting from the inhibition of apoptosis. Our findings demonstrated that @entity5 induced at least three distinct types of cell @entity3 , senescence, apoptosis and a type of @entity1 , which were concentration dependent. Specific molecular markers such as @entity6 / @entity6 , activated @entity4 and activated Akt were associated with these @entity3 modes. The pan-caspase inhibitor ( @entity8 ) greatly reduced @entity5 -induced @entity4 activation but did not protect cells against @entity2 . The combination of @entity5 and @entity8 caused an increased expression of @entity6 / @entity6 and senescence -associated - @entity7 activity, but did not alter Akt activation. Collectively, these findings suggest that the inhibition of apoptosis may lead to an increased expression of cell cycle inhibitors and cellular senescence.

title: Caspase inhibition switches XXXX -induced apoptosis to senescence.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is the most common @entity1 of the skin and hair, resulting from selective destruction of melanocytes. @entity5 , a @entity1 , presents as irregular, brown, macular @entity6 . A small subset of @entity4 @entity0 paradoxically also have @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the response to @entity3 in a group of @entity0 with @entity4 , and another group of @entity0 with @entity4 and coexisting @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: @entity0 in both groups were treated with @entity3 and a comparison of the zonal repigmentation was made at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the initiation of therapy. RESULTS: At the end of 12 weeks, 86% of @entity0 in the @entity5 group attained >= 75% pigmentation on the face, whereas this was achieved in only 12.5% of @entity0 in the @entity4 group. Over the limbs, 73% of @entity0 in the @entity5 group attained 75% or more pigmentation at the end of 12 weeks compared with only 9% in the @entity4 group. On the trunk, only 20% of @entity5 @entity0 showed >= 75% pigmentation at 12 weeks compared with 63% of @entity0 in the @entity4 group. CONCLUSION: @entity0 having both @entity4 and @entity5 have a significantly better prognosis for repigmentation on the face and limbs with @entity3 compared with @entity0 with @entity4 alone; the @entity5 @entity0 achieve repigmentation much earlier and also attain a greater level of repigmentation. Unexpectedly, for @entity2 , @entity0 with @entity4 alone responded better than those with both conditions. Although the @entity5 group with @entity2 started repigmenting earlier, the final pigmentation was more extensive in the @entity4 group.

title: Response to XXXX : a comparative study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 is a third-generation aromatase inhibitor for use in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 . This drug was found to reduce or effectively shrink @entity2 in a significant number of such @entity1 . It exhibits antitumor activity at a relatively low daily dose, and is highly potent and selective and well tolerated. Results from recent phase III clinical studies have confirmed the efficacy and the key role of this drug in the therapy of @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Moreover, @entity5 demonstrated higher activity and lower @entity3 compared to @entity4 in the first-line therapy of postmenopausal @entity1 affected with @entity0 . However, it also represents a valid option in second-line therapy after @entity4 failure. New data on this agent in adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment also suggest efficacy in the treatment of early @entity0 . This article reviews the clinical data on @entity5 in all settings and its future potential in chemoprevention. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.

title: The role of XXXX (Femara(R)) in @entity0 therapy: A clinical review.

answer: @entity5