abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retinal reperfusion, @entity2 , and compensation following radial optic neurotomy for @entity1 nonperfused central @entity5 . METHODS: Prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series of 13 @entity0 with @entity1 , nonperfused central @entity5 who underwent decompression surgery with a radial optic neurotomy and adjunctive intraocular @entity4 . @entity0 were followed for 1 year after surgery, and were analyzed in the preoperative and postoperative stages determining: visual acuity by ETDRS chart (LogMar) and retinal thickness with optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography was performed at regular intervals to evaluate the capillary perfusion grade. Intraocular pressure was measured and fundus was examined. RESULTS: Visual acuity and retinal thickness improved in 10/13 (77%) @entity0 after surgery at 1-year follow-up. Adequate retinal reperfusion was achieved in ten of the 13 eyes. Acute reperfusion occurred in six eyes within 2 weeks of surgery and a shunt vessel at the optic disk developed in four eyes within 4 months. In the remaining three eyes, retinal reperfusion was not observed by @entity3 angiography. No complications were noted in any of the @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Surgical decompression promoted mechanical reperfusion of the occluded vessel in 10/13 (77%) cases. In 6/13 @entity0 (46%) reperfusion occurred within 2 weeks of surgery, and in 4/13 @entity0 (31%) collateral vessels formed within 4 months.

title: Venous retinal flow reperfusion mechanisms following radial optic neurotomy with adjunctive intraocular @entity4 in central XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A method has been validated, according to the Guidelines of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), for precise quantitation of the biological activity of recombinant @entity0 nerve growth factor (rhNGF) for lot release testing. The assay is based on the survival of a subclone of @entity1 @entity2 PC12 cells (PC12-CF) in response to rhNGF. Cell survival is measured by monitoring the reduction, by living cells, of the alamarBlue dye into a red form which is highly fluorescent. The assay is simple, has high throughput (performed in 96-well microtiter plates) and shows reproducible dose-response curves in the concentration range of 0.2-50 ng/ml. The method was validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and to meet current regulatory requirements. The assay demonstrated good linearity, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.9902. Sample recovery studies demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 96 to 98%. The repeatability of the assay and intermediate precision had coefficients of variation (CV) of <9%. The assay was stability-indicating since it was able to detect changes in rhNGF samples degraded by protease treatment and in a number of isolated rhNGF variants. Robustness was demonstrated by the relative insensitivity of the assay to small deliberate changes in key method parameters. The validation data, provided in this manuscript, indicate that the newly described bioassay for rhNGF is robust, accurate, precise, and suitable for lot release potency testing of rhNGF.

title: Validation of a XXXX @entity2 (PC12)-based cell survival assay for determining biological potency of recombinant @entity0 nerve growth factor.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A method has been validated, according to the Guidelines of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), for precise quantitation of the biological activity of recombinant @entity0 nerve growth factor (rhNGF) for lot release testing. The assay is based on the survival of a subclone of @entity1 @entity2 PC12 cells (PC12-CF) in response to rhNGF. Cell survival is measured by monitoring the reduction, by living cells, of the alamarBlue dye into a red form which is highly fluorescent. The assay is simple, has high throughput (performed in 96-well microtiter plates) and shows reproducible dose-response curves in the concentration range of 0.2-50 ng/ml. The method was validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and to meet current regulatory requirements. The assay demonstrated good linearity, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.9902. Sample recovery studies demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 96 to 98%. The repeatability of the assay and intermediate precision had coefficients of variation (CV) of <9%. The assay was stability-indicating since it was able to detect changes in rhNGF samples degraded by protease treatment and in a number of isolated rhNGF variants. Robustness was demonstrated by the relative insensitivity of the assay to small deliberate changes in key method parameters. The validation data, provided in this manuscript, indicate that the newly described bioassay for rhNGF is robust, accurate, precise, and suitable for lot release potency testing of rhNGF.

title: Validation of a @entity1 XXXX (PC12)-based cell survival assay for determining biological potency of recombinant @entity0 nerve growth factor.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A method has been validated, according to the Guidelines of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), for precise quantitation of the biological activity of recombinant @entity0 nerve growth factor (rhNGF) for lot release testing. The assay is based on the survival of a subclone of @entity1 @entity2 PC12 cells (PC12-CF) in response to rhNGF. Cell survival is measured by monitoring the reduction, by living cells, of the alamarBlue dye into a red form which is highly fluorescent. The assay is simple, has high throughput (performed in 96-well microtiter plates) and shows reproducible dose-response curves in the concentration range of 0.2-50 ng/ml. The method was validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and to meet current regulatory requirements. The assay demonstrated good linearity, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.9902. Sample recovery studies demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 96 to 98%. The repeatability of the assay and intermediate precision had coefficients of variation (CV) of <9%. The assay was stability-indicating since it was able to detect changes in rhNGF samples degraded by protease treatment and in a number of isolated rhNGF variants. Robustness was demonstrated by the relative insensitivity of the assay to small deliberate changes in key method parameters. The validation data, provided in this manuscript, indicate that the newly described bioassay for rhNGF is robust, accurate, precise, and suitable for lot release potency testing of rhNGF.

title: Validation of a @entity1 @entity2 (PC12)-based cell survival assay for determining biological potency of recombinant XXXX nerve growth factor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prediction of the ventricular remodeling process after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may have important clinical implications. OBJECTIVE: To analyze echocardiographic variables predictors of remodeling in the @entity4 model in @entity0 . MEHTODS: The animals underwent echocardiography in two moments, five days and three months after @entity4 ( @entity1 group) or sham surgery (control group). Linear regression was used to identify the echocardiographic variables on the fifth day after the @entity4 , which were predictive of remodeling after three months of @entity5 . We considered as a criterion of remodeling in this study, the values of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after three months of @entity4 . RESULTS: The @entity4 induced increase in the left chambers, associated with changes in systolic and diastolic functions. The variables body weight, left ventricular wall stress index (LVWSI), systolic area (SA), diastolic area (DA), @entity3 , left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSD), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), ejection fraction (EF), percent of endocardial shortening (%Short), posterior wall shortening velocity (PWSV) and @entity4 size assessed five days after @entity4 were predictors of @entity3 after three months. At the multivariate regression analysis, we included the size of @entity4 , the LVWSI and PWSV. The LVWSI (coefficient: 4.402, standard error: 2.221, p = 0.05), but not the size of @entity4 and PWSV, was a predictor of remodeling after three months of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: LVPSI was an independent predictor of remodeling three months after the @entity1 and could be included in the clinical stratification after the @entity5 .

title: Echocardiographic predictors of ventricular remodeling after XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prediction of the ventricular remodeling process after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may have important clinical implications. OBJECTIVE: To analyze echocardiographic variables predictors of remodeling in the @entity4 model in @entity0 . MEHTODS: The animals underwent echocardiography in two moments, five days and three months after @entity4 ( @entity1 group) or sham surgery (control group). Linear regression was used to identify the echocardiographic variables on the fifth day after the @entity4 , which were predictive of remodeling after three months of @entity5 . We considered as a criterion of remodeling in this study, the values of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after three months of @entity4 . RESULTS: The @entity4 induced increase in the left chambers, associated with changes in systolic and diastolic functions. The variables body weight, left ventricular wall stress index (LVWSI), systolic area (SA), diastolic area (DA), @entity3 , left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSD), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), ejection fraction (EF), percent of endocardial shortening (%Short), posterior wall shortening velocity (PWSV) and @entity4 size assessed five days after @entity4 were predictors of @entity3 after three months. At the multivariate regression analysis, we included the size of @entity4 , the LVWSI and PWSV. The LVWSI (coefficient: 4.402, standard error: 2.221, p = 0.05), but not the size of @entity4 and PWSV, was a predictor of remodeling after three months of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: LVPSI was an independent predictor of remodeling three months after the @entity1 and could be included in the clinical stratification after the @entity5 .

title: Echocardiographic predictors of ventricular remodeling after @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 are very rare in Mexico. They ussually present as @entity5 because it is extremely difficult to make an early diagnosis; in addition, its treatment is complicated by a variety of lesions. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but its relative therapeutic value compared with alternative treatments is controversial. OBJECTIVE: We undertook a retrospective analysis in order to evaluate results of craniofacial resections for sinonasal @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 @entity0 , 11 @entity0 and 9 @entity0 were considered, median age was 49 years (18-74). Eleven had received previous treatment elsewhere. In 13 @entity0 @entity2 was limited to maxillo-ethmoid complex, but in 6 cases @entity2 involved anteroinferior aspect of sphenoid sinus, in 7 extended to the orbit, in 3 to dura and two to the brain. One had cervical @entity1 . Median tumoral size was 5.8 cm (1-10). RESULTS: Overall complication rate was 50%. Major surgical complications occurred in 4 @entity0 (20%): one @entity0 developed isolated @entity6 ( @entity6 ), 1 developed deterioration of mental status, and two developed @entity4 associated with @entity6 . Late complications occurred in 30% of the @entity0 . There was not any operative @entity3 . Eleven @entity0 received postoperative radiotherapy. Fifteen @entity0 recurred. There were 11 local relapses, although one associated with a regional relapse, and another with regional and distant relapse. There were four isolated regional fails and six isolated distant failures. Three year overall survival was 65%, and 3-year disease free survival was 50%. @entity0 without previous treatment median survival was 28.3 months, meanwhile with previous treatment was 18.2 months. CONCLUSIONS: Craniofacial resection is a safe and valuable tool in the treatment of advanced sinonasal @entity2 involving cranial base.

title: Craniofacial resection for sinunasal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decays of @entity2 in proteins are often rationalized using a model which proposes that different rotameric states of the @entity0 alanyl side-chain are responsible for the observed fluorescence lifetime heterogeneity. We present here the study of a mutant of @entity3 parvalbumin bearing a single @entity2 residue at position 102 ( @entity5 ) whose fluorescence intensity decay is heterogeneous and assess the applicability of a rotamer model to describe the fluorescence decay data. We have determined the solution structure of @entity5 in the @entity1 ligated state using multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and have used the minimum perturbation mapping technique to explore the possible existence of multiple conformations of the @entity0 moiety of Trp102 of @entity5 and, for comparison, Trp48 of holo-azurin. The maps for parvalbumin suggest two potential conformations of the @entity0 side-chain. The high energy barrier for rotational isomerization between these conformers implies that interwell rotation would occur on time-scales of milliseconds or greater and suggests a rotamer basis for the heterogeneous fluorescence. However, the absence of alternate Trp102 conformers in the NMR data (to within 3 % of the dominant species) suggests that the heterogeneous fluorescence of Trp102 may arise from mechanisms independent of rotameric states of the Trp side-chain. The map for holo-azurin has only one conformation, and suggests a rotamer model may not be required to explain its heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decay. The backbone and Trp102 side-chain dynamics at 30 degrees C of @entity5 has been characterized based on an analysis of @entity4 NMR relaxation data which we have interpreted using the Lipari-Szabo formalism. High order parameter (S(2)) values were obtained for both the helical and loop regions. Additionally, the S(2) values imply that the @entity1 binding CD and EF loops are not strictly equivalent. The S(2) value for the @entity0 side-chain of Trp102 obtained from the fluorescence, NMR relaxation and minimum perturbation data are consistent with a Trp moiety whose motion is restricted.

title: Structure-fluorescence correlations in a single XXXX mutant of @entity3 parvalbumin: solution structure, backbone and side-chain dynamics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decays of @entity2 in proteins are often rationalized using a model which proposes that different rotameric states of the @entity0 alanyl side-chain are responsible for the observed fluorescence lifetime heterogeneity. We present here the study of a mutant of @entity3 parvalbumin bearing a single @entity2 residue at position 102 ( @entity5 ) whose fluorescence intensity decay is heterogeneous and assess the applicability of a rotamer model to describe the fluorescence decay data. We have determined the solution structure of @entity5 in the @entity1 ligated state using multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and have used the minimum perturbation mapping technique to explore the possible existence of multiple conformations of the @entity0 moiety of Trp102 of @entity5 and, for comparison, Trp48 of holo-azurin. The maps for parvalbumin suggest two potential conformations of the @entity0 side-chain. The high energy barrier for rotational isomerization between these conformers implies that interwell rotation would occur on time-scales of milliseconds or greater and suggests a rotamer basis for the heterogeneous fluorescence. However, the absence of alternate Trp102 conformers in the NMR data (to within 3 % of the dominant species) suggests that the heterogeneous fluorescence of Trp102 may arise from mechanisms independent of rotameric states of the Trp side-chain. The map for holo-azurin has only one conformation, and suggests a rotamer model may not be required to explain its heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decay. The backbone and Trp102 side-chain dynamics at 30 degrees C of @entity5 has been characterized based on an analysis of @entity4 NMR relaxation data which we have interpreted using the Lipari-Szabo formalism. High order parameter (S(2)) values were obtained for both the helical and loop regions. Additionally, the S(2) values imply that the @entity1 binding CD and EF loops are not strictly equivalent. The S(2) value for the @entity0 side-chain of Trp102 obtained from the fluorescence, NMR relaxation and minimum perturbation data are consistent with a Trp moiety whose motion is restricted.

title: Structure-fluorescence correlations in a single @entity2 mutant of XXXX parvalbumin: solution structure, backbone and side-chain dynamics.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three hundred and twenty-seven @entity0 with inoperable @entity2 of the head and neck were entered on a randomized study comparing a mixture of neutron and photon ("mixed beam") radiation therapy with photon/electron radiation therapy. Neutron treatment was delivered with fixed-beam, physics-laboratory-based equipment. @entity0 with histologically proven @entity1 of T-stage T2, T3, or T4 and any N-stage were eligible for randomization. Primary @entity1 sites were limited to @entity1 originating in the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic larynx, or hypopharynx. @entity0 entered on this study now have a minimum at-risk follow-up period of 6 years. Study results reveal no significant differences in overall loco-regional @entity1 control rates or survival. Subgroup analysis reveals significant differences based on whether or not @entity0 presented with positive lymph nodes. Loco-regional @entity1 control rates for @entity0 presenting with positive lymph nodes were 30% for mixed-beam-treated @entity0 versus 18% for photon-treated @entity0 (p = 0.05). Loco-regional @entity1 control rates for @entity0 presenting without positive lymph nodes were 64% for photon-treated @entity0 and 33% for mixed-beam-treated @entity0 (p = 0.004). Control of @entity1 located in the nodal sites favored mixed beam over photons by a margin of 45% (49/109) to 26% (23/87) with a significance of p = 0.004. Possible explanations for these contradictory findings are discussed.

title: Mixed neutron/photon irradiation of unresectable XXXX of the head and neck: the final report of a randomized cooperative trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a particular @entity1 entity because two substantially different surgical procedures are required according to the location. There is no difference in long-term prognosis between the @entity1 types in spite of the different surgical procedures. We were interested to evaluate the clinical and pathological prognostic factors of the AEGs which were operated in our department. @entity0 AND METHODS: 108 @entity0 were operated for @entity3 between 1.1.2000 and 1.4.2006 in our institution. 32 (29.6 %) @entity0 with @entity2 (type I according to Siewert) underwent a transthoracic esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and two-field lymphadenectomy. 57 (52.8 %) @entity0 with type II and 19 (17.6 %) @entity0 with @entity1 received an extended gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. The retrospective analysis was focused on clinical and pathological parameters. Possible differences between the @entity1 types were also evaluated. Median follow-up was 11.4 months (range: 1-57 months). RESULTS: Follow-up data were complete for 107 @entity0 . A median survival of 17.4 +/- 3.25 months and a cumulative survival of 30 % were independent of the @entity1 location and the surgical procedure. Overall hospital mortality was 3.7 %. The univariate analysis showed that survival was significantly associated with the T category, lymph node status, lymphangio- and angioinvasion and @entity1 grading. In the multivariate analysis, only lymph node status was identified as an independent prognosis factor for survival. Where-as the R status was not a prognostic factor per se, how-ever, @entity0 with an R0 situation without lymphangio- and angioinvasion had a significantly better survival compared to all other @entity0 (p = 0.001). An increased angioinvasion rate was observed in @entity1 (52.6 %) in comparison to type I (21.9 %) and type II (21.1 %) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The prognostic factors of our @entity0 determined substantially the prognosis of the @entity0 . @entity0 with lymph- or haemangioinvasion should regarded as high-risk @entity0 independent of the R status. Close oncological follow-up including potential adjuvant treatment in these @entity0 is recommended.

title: [Clinical and pathological prognostic factors for XXXX of the esophagogastric junction].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bevacizumab (Avastin, Fa. Roche, Genentech) is the first anti-angiogenic agent to be approved for the routine clinical treatment of @entity1 . Its @entity2 profile is different to that of standard chemotherapeutic substances. Despite the rarity of gastrointestinal (GI) perforation in @entity0 treated with bevacizumab, this serious adverse event results in significant morbidity and mortality. It was the aim of this study, based on exemplary cases of the reporting clinic as well as on published experiences, to characterise the specific clinical findings, the extraordinary pathogenesis, and the therapeutic outcome of such cases of @entity4 caused by perforation after antibody treatment. METHODS: Data of all @entity0 with perforation-caused @entity4 due to bevacizumab therapy since its clinical inauguration were sought in i) the database of the reporting clinic (case series), ii) in the published literature for comparison (historical comparative group) and iii) analysed with regard to results of the surgical management (evaluated parameters: rate of @entity8 of wound healing, morbidity, mortality). RESULTS: Over a time period of 4 years (from 2 / 1 / 2004 to 1 / 31 / 2008), overall 15 @entity0 were found in this study, among whom 4 @entity0 came from the reporting clinic (mean age, 57 years; males : females = 2 : 2). The mean duration of antibody (Ab) treatment until occurrence of the complication was 70 days (range: 8-150 days). Thirteen @entity0 underwent surgical intervention, 2 @entity0 died due to severe @entity4 without any operation. The overall morbidity was 73.3 % (n = 11 / 15), the mortality was 33.3 % (n = 5 / 15). All @entity0 with an @entity3 developed an @entity7 (100 %). @entity6 occurred in 38.5 % of the subjects (n = 5 / 13). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 after @entity5 due to bevacizumab-based Ab treatment needs to be considered as a rare but serious and life-threatening complication. Impairment of wound healing because of the inhibition of angiogenesis is the reason for a different management of @entity5 under these conditions compared with the standard surgical treatment of @entity4 of other causes. In particular, it is recommended to avoid primary @entity3 and to prefer application of an intestinal stoma.

title: [Surgical management of bevacizumab-associated XXXX due to perforation].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are generally contraindicated in @entity1 @entity0 due to the risk of disrupting @entity4 control leading to acute decompensation. In some cases however, @entity3 therapy can be beneficial if given early with a well-controlled regimen. @entity4 disequilibrium after withdrawal can be anticipated with proper knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the glucocorticoid used. FOR @entity0 WITH TYPE I DIABETES: Ketose @entity5 is a real risk in these @entity0 . Insulin dose must be increased and the administration scheme optimized. FOR @entity0 WITH TYPE II DIABETES: Whether oral drugs should be continued is a question of debate, excepting cases where the underlying disease might cause acute decompensation requiring insulin. Outside this situation, oral drugs can be continued at a higher dose if the fasting serum @entity4 is below 2 g/L. Finally, it is important to recognized @entity2 -induced @entity1 in order to initiate proper antidiabetic measures. FOR ALL @entity0 : The @entity4 curve is reproducible. Basically, the postprandial level rises, warranting repeated insulin injections. Rapid-release analogs and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors appear to be promising; @entity6 affect insulin resistance.

title: [Management of XXXX during corticosteroid therapy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the present work is to improve the sensitivity in the RPLC determination of @entity1 [ @entity1 ] ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 , the major impurity of the drug synthesis and one of the compounds found in the chemical degradation process of ACV. The method was applied to the quantification of drug in liposomal formulations. The most important problem for RPLC analysis of both compounds are their high pKa values, mainly @entity4 , and the interaction with reactive @entity2 groups in the stationary phase. In order to avoid these problems there are four basic strategies: (i) ionic pair reagents, (ii) deactivated @entity6 columns, (iii) polymeric based columns and (iv) @entity2 masking agents. A validation protocol was followed to develop the analytical method, using a Spherisorb ODS (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) analytical column, with a mobile phase of 95% aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and 5% HPLC @entity3 pumped isocratically at 1.3 ml/ @entity0 ), with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The results showed a high reproducibility in retention time value, with R.S.D. of 2.37% for ACV and 0.32% for @entity4 . The lowest concentration levels assayed, 0.15 microg/ml(-1) for @entity4 and 1 microg/ml(-1) for ACV, showed good R.S.D. in the quantification parameter (peak area) 11.0% ( @entity4 ) and 9.64% (ACV)

title: Improved RPLC determination of XXXX using hexylamine as @entity2 masking agent.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the present work is to improve the sensitivity in the RPLC determination of @entity1 [ @entity1 ] ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 , the major impurity of the drug synthesis and one of the compounds found in the chemical degradation process of ACV. The method was applied to the quantification of drug in liposomal formulations. The most important problem for RPLC analysis of both compounds are their high pKa values, mainly @entity4 , and the interaction with reactive @entity2 groups in the stationary phase. In order to avoid these problems there are four basic strategies: (i) ionic pair reagents, (ii) deactivated @entity6 columns, (iii) polymeric based columns and (iv) @entity2 masking agents. A validation protocol was followed to develop the analytical method, using a Spherisorb ODS (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) analytical column, with a mobile phase of 95% aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and 5% HPLC @entity3 pumped isocratically at 1.3 ml/ @entity0 ), with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The results showed a high reproducibility in retention time value, with R.S.D. of 2.37% for ACV and 0.32% for @entity4 . The lowest concentration levels assayed, 0.15 microg/ml(-1) for @entity4 and 1 microg/ml(-1) for ACV, showed good R.S.D. in the quantification parameter (peak area) 11.0% ( @entity4 ) and 9.64% (ACV)

title: Improved RPLC determination of @entity1 using hexylamine as XXXX masking agent.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mechanism of @entity0 @entity3 decarboxylase (ODC) regulation in response to @entity1 was examined. ODC catalyzes the first step of @entity2 biosynthesis, the conversion of @entity3 to @entity4 . ODC activity was modulated approximately 200-fold by varying the availability of @entity1 . Variations in ODC activity were associated with parallel changes in the amount of active enzyme molecules. Regulation of ODC activity did not appear to be mediated by changes in the stability of the enzyme. The half-life of ODC was approximately 75 min and was unaffected by the availability of @entity1 . @entity1 had no demonstrable effect on the transcriptional or translational stages of ODC expression. The amount of ODC mRNA and the number of ribosomes associated with the mRNA were constant despite the variations in ODC activity. Unlike translationally controlled genes, the regulation of ODC expression did not require either the 5'- or the 3'-untranslated regions of the ODC gene transcript. While gene dosage experiments indicated that negative trans-acting factors are involved in control of ODC expression, these implied factors did not appear to affect translation of ODC mRNA. The results are interpreted to suggest that @entity1 regulate ODC expression at a post-translational step prior to assembly of the active form of the enzyme.

title: Regulation of @entity0 @entity3 decarboxylase expression in response to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mechanism of @entity0 @entity3 decarboxylase (ODC) regulation in response to @entity1 was examined. ODC catalyzes the first step of @entity2 biosynthesis, the conversion of @entity3 to @entity4 . ODC activity was modulated approximately 200-fold by varying the availability of @entity1 . Variations in ODC activity were associated with parallel changes in the amount of active enzyme molecules. Regulation of ODC activity did not appear to be mediated by changes in the stability of the enzyme. The half-life of ODC was approximately 75 min and was unaffected by the availability of @entity1 . @entity1 had no demonstrable effect on the transcriptional or translational stages of ODC expression. The amount of ODC mRNA and the number of ribosomes associated with the mRNA were constant despite the variations in ODC activity. Unlike translationally controlled genes, the regulation of ODC expression did not require either the 5'- or the 3'-untranslated regions of the ODC gene transcript. While gene dosage experiments indicated that negative trans-acting factors are involved in control of ODC expression, these implied factors did not appear to affect translation of ODC mRNA. The results are interpreted to suggest that @entity1 regulate ODC expression at a post-translational step prior to assembly of the active form of the enzyme.

title: Regulation of XXXX @entity3 decarboxylase expression in response to @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The mechanism of @entity0 @entity3 decarboxylase (ODC) regulation in response to @entity1 was examined. ODC catalyzes the first step of @entity2 biosynthesis, the conversion of @entity3 to @entity4 . ODC activity was modulated approximately 200-fold by varying the availability of @entity1 . Variations in ODC activity were associated with parallel changes in the amount of active enzyme molecules. Regulation of ODC activity did not appear to be mediated by changes in the stability of the enzyme. The half-life of ODC was approximately 75 min and was unaffected by the availability of @entity1 . @entity1 had no demonstrable effect on the transcriptional or translational stages of ODC expression. The amount of ODC mRNA and the number of ribosomes associated with the mRNA were constant despite the variations in ODC activity. Unlike translationally controlled genes, the regulation of ODC expression did not require either the 5'- or the 3'-untranslated regions of the ODC gene transcript. While gene dosage experiments indicated that negative trans-acting factors are involved in control of ODC expression, these implied factors did not appear to affect translation of ODC mRNA. The results are interpreted to suggest that @entity1 regulate ODC expression at a post-translational step prior to assembly of the active form of the enzyme.

title: Regulation of @entity0 XXXX decarboxylase expression in response to @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: King (1996) reported that a combination of emotional, organic and neuropsychological measures taken at 7-10 days following mild and moderate @entity3 may significantly help predict @entity0 most likely to suffer persisting post-concussion symptoms (PCS) at three months @entity1 . This study investigated a cross-validation sample (N = 57) to determine whether the results would be replicated for the early prediction of longer-term sufferers (i.e. those with persisting symptoms at 6 months @entity1 ). DESIGN: Multiple regression analyses were used in which scores on the Hospital Anxiety and @entity2 Scale, Impact of Event Scale, Short Orientation Memory and Concentration Test, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and Post-Traumatic @entity4 taken at 7-10 days @entity1 were the independent measures. Scoring on the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire taken at 6 months @entity1 was the dependent measure. METHODS: Sixty-six consecutive @entity0 admitted to any @entity1 ward in Oxfordshire with a mild or moderate @entity3 were recruited from a largescale randomized controlled sample. The assessment measures were administered at 7-10 days @entity1 and the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire at 6 months @entity1 . Nine @entity0 were unable to be followed up, leaving an active sample of 57. RESULTS: The cross-validation data confirmed that a similar combination of measures to that found in the original study best predicted persisting PCS but that the strength of prediction diminished for the longer term prediction (i.e. 6 months @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: The Hospital Anxiety and @entity2 Scale, Impact of Even Scale and Post-Traumatic @entity4 in combination are recommended as useful prognostic screening instruments for predicting persisting PCS, but great caution is required if they are used to aid predictions beyond 3 months @entity1 .

title: Early prediction of persisting post-concussion symptoms following mild and moderate XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine if high-dose @entity6 treatment altered presynaptic immunoreactivity for the @entity4 neurotransmitters @entity8 and @entity9 within the basal ganglia. @entity6 (15 mg/kg every 6 h, four doses) treatment in @entity0 resulted in severe @entity3 and a long-lasting (four weeks) depletion of striatal @entity7 content (>80%). Severe @entity7 loss correlated with a decrease in the density of presynaptic immunolabeling for @entity8 one week post-drug, and an increase after four weeks. Although no changes were seen in presynaptic striatal @entity9 immunoreactivity, there was a significant increase in the percentage of @entity9 -immuno-positive terminals associated with perforated postsynaptic densities. @entity0 given the same dose of @entity6 but prevented from becoming hyperthermic showed less severe @entity7 depletions and a lack of ultrastructural or immunocytochemical changes. In addition, induction of @entity3 in the absence of drug decreased immunolabeling within mitochondria, but had no effect on @entity7 content, morphology or nerve terminal immunoreactivity. Altered presynaptic @entity8 immunolabeling and terminal size were found in both the striatum and globus pallidus, suggesting that dynamic changes occur in the striatopallidal pathway following @entity6 -induced @entity7 loss. In addition, ultrastructural changes in @entity9 -positive synapses which have been correlated with increased synaptic activity were found. These results are similar to changes in @entity8 and @entity9 synapses that follow nigrostriatal @entity7 loss in @entity10 -lesioned animals and in @entity2 , and provide the first direct evidence that @entity6 -induced @entity7 loss alters the GABAergic striatopallidal pathway. Exposure to either @entity6 or prolonged @entity5 decreased mitochondrial Immunoreactivity, indicating that @entity3 may contribute to @entity6 @entity1 by affecting energy stores.

title: High-dose @entity6 treatment alters presynaptic @entity8 and XXXX immunoreactivity.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine if high-dose @entity6 treatment altered presynaptic immunoreactivity for the @entity4 neurotransmitters @entity8 and @entity9 within the basal ganglia. @entity6 (15 mg/kg every 6 h, four doses) treatment in @entity0 resulted in severe @entity3 and a long-lasting (four weeks) depletion of striatal @entity7 content (>80%). Severe @entity7 loss correlated with a decrease in the density of presynaptic immunolabeling for @entity8 one week post-drug, and an increase after four weeks. Although no changes were seen in presynaptic striatal @entity9 immunoreactivity, there was a significant increase in the percentage of @entity9 -immuno-positive terminals associated with perforated postsynaptic densities. @entity0 given the same dose of @entity6 but prevented from becoming hyperthermic showed less severe @entity7 depletions and a lack of ultrastructural or immunocytochemical changes. In addition, induction of @entity3 in the absence of drug decreased immunolabeling within mitochondria, but had no effect on @entity7 content, morphology or nerve terminal immunoreactivity. Altered presynaptic @entity8 immunolabeling and terminal size were found in both the striatum and globus pallidus, suggesting that dynamic changes occur in the striatopallidal pathway following @entity6 -induced @entity7 loss. In addition, ultrastructural changes in @entity9 -positive synapses which have been correlated with increased synaptic activity were found. These results are similar to changes in @entity8 and @entity9 synapses that follow nigrostriatal @entity7 loss in @entity10 -lesioned animals and in @entity2 , and provide the first direct evidence that @entity6 -induced @entity7 loss alters the GABAergic striatopallidal pathway. Exposure to either @entity6 or prolonged @entity5 decreased mitochondrial Immunoreactivity, indicating that @entity3 may contribute to @entity6 @entity1 by affecting energy stores.

title: High-dose XXXX treatment alters presynaptic @entity8 and @entity9 immunoreactivity.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine if high-dose @entity6 treatment altered presynaptic immunoreactivity for the @entity4 neurotransmitters @entity8 and @entity9 within the basal ganglia. @entity6 (15 mg/kg every 6 h, four doses) treatment in @entity0 resulted in severe @entity3 and a long-lasting (four weeks) depletion of striatal @entity7 content (>80%). Severe @entity7 loss correlated with a decrease in the density of presynaptic immunolabeling for @entity8 one week post-drug, and an increase after four weeks. Although no changes were seen in presynaptic striatal @entity9 immunoreactivity, there was a significant increase in the percentage of @entity9 -immuno-positive terminals associated with perforated postsynaptic densities. @entity0 given the same dose of @entity6 but prevented from becoming hyperthermic showed less severe @entity7 depletions and a lack of ultrastructural or immunocytochemical changes. In addition, induction of @entity3 in the absence of drug decreased immunolabeling within mitochondria, but had no effect on @entity7 content, morphology or nerve terminal immunoreactivity. Altered presynaptic @entity8 immunolabeling and terminal size were found in both the striatum and globus pallidus, suggesting that dynamic changes occur in the striatopallidal pathway following @entity6 -induced @entity7 loss. In addition, ultrastructural changes in @entity9 -positive synapses which have been correlated with increased synaptic activity were found. These results are similar to changes in @entity8 and @entity9 synapses that follow nigrostriatal @entity7 loss in @entity10 -lesioned animals and in @entity2 , and provide the first direct evidence that @entity6 -induced @entity7 loss alters the GABAergic striatopallidal pathway. Exposure to either @entity6 or prolonged @entity5 decreased mitochondrial Immunoreactivity, indicating that @entity3 may contribute to @entity6 @entity1 by affecting energy stores.

title: High-dose @entity6 treatment alters presynaptic XXXX and @entity9 immunoreactivity.

answer: @entity8


abstract: A visually readable monoclonal antibody-based antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Giardia lamblia antigen in @entity0 stool specimens was developed and found to be 97% (30 of 31 stool specimens) sensitive for formalinized stools and 82% (49 of 60 stool specimens) sensitive for unfixed stool specimens by visual reading. The storage of specimens in 10% @entity1 resulted in increased absorbance in 20 of 26 @entity2 -positive specimens tested as both formalinized and unfixed specimens; the increase averaged 1,336%. The assay was specific for antigens of this organism and for antigens derived from the cyst, as opposed to the trophozoite, stage. The assay could detect the antigens of five cysts per well, but could not detect antigen in in vitro-cultured trophozoites. A mouse monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, which was prepared against cysts of @entity2 , was used as the solid-phase capture antibody. The antibody was reactive with the cyst wall, as determined by immunofluorescence. Polyclonal rabbit anti-cyst IgG was used as the secondary antibody, and peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as the tertiary antibody in the assay format. Maximal capture of antigen from stool specimens occurred by 30 min. Optimal dilution of specimens was in the range of 1:60 to 1:600. Preliminary characterization of affinity-purified antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody showed that it is heat stable (100 degrees C, 12 min) and resistant to @entity3 treatment and that it may exist in multiple molecular weights from 45,000 to 110,000.

title: Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for Giardia lamblia antigen in XXXX stool.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that the histopathologic features associated with malignant potential in solid @entity2 (SPTs) of the pancreas include cellular polymorphism, mitotic activity, peripancreatic tissue invasion, neural invasion, @entity1 , and lymph node @entity1 . This study aimed to delineate the features predicting SPTs with malignant potential, which can be easily assessed in the clinical setting, and long-term results of @entity0 who underwent resection of SPT. METHODS: A retrospective review and analysis were done of 33 @entity0 who had SPTs that were surgically treated. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 (33.3%) had SPTs suggesting malignant potential among surgically treated @entity0 with SPTs. The local invasion to the peripancreatic tissue was the most frequent malignant pathological feature (7/11 @entity0 , 63.7%). Using univariate analysis, @entity2 size greater than 5 cm was a significant clinical factor to predict SPTs with malignant potential (P = 0.022). The prognosis was excellent. No statistically significant survival difference was noted between groups of malignant potential and benign pathology (P = 0.1904). CONCLUSIONS: Malignant SPTs are low-grade @entity2 with good prognosis. Adequate surgical intervention is necessary. Especially, SPTs over 5 cm in diameter need to be treated carefully because of the chance of malignant pathology. Careful long-term follow-up is necessary in those @entity0 in case of possible @entity2 recurrences.

title: Solid XXXX suggesting malignant potential.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 stellate cells may be a major source of extracellular matrix deposition during injury. This study was undertaken to establish whether pancreatic stellate cells are a source of Type I collagen in vivo and whether they continue to be a source of matrix production in the @entity2 . To induce pancreatic fibrogenesis, acute @entity3 was induced in @entity0 three times weekly with supraphysiologic doses of @entity5 . Animals were treated for 6 weeks and allowed to recover for an additional 6 weeks. Stellate cell activation and pancreatic collagen expression were measured by immunohistochemistry, whole tissue RNA analysis, and in situ hybridization. Histology and digital image analysis demonstrated the development of substantial pancreatic @entity1 after 6 weeks of treatment. During recovery, incomplete resolution of the @entity1 was found. Procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA increased more than 15-fold during treatment and continued to be 5-fold elevated during the post-injury phase. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that collagen gene expression was colocalized to activated pancreatic stellate cells. Collagen expression and @entity1 persisted in focal areas during recovery. These findings show that pancreatic stellate cells are the major source of collagen during @entity2 in vivo. Additionally, focal areas of sustained pancreatic fibrogenesis persist after cessation of @entity5 treatment, and these areas may contribute to sustained total organ collagen expression in the absence of @entity2 .

title: Repetitive acute XXXX in the @entity0 induces procollagen alpha1(I) expression colocalized to pancreatic stellate cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 stellate cells may be a major source of extracellular matrix deposition during injury. This study was undertaken to establish whether pancreatic stellate cells are a source of Type I collagen in vivo and whether they continue to be a source of matrix production in the @entity2 . To induce pancreatic fibrogenesis, acute @entity3 was induced in @entity0 three times weekly with supraphysiologic doses of @entity5 . Animals were treated for 6 weeks and allowed to recover for an additional 6 weeks. Stellate cell activation and pancreatic collagen expression were measured by immunohistochemistry, whole tissue RNA analysis, and in situ hybridization. Histology and digital image analysis demonstrated the development of substantial pancreatic @entity1 after 6 weeks of treatment. During recovery, incomplete resolution of the @entity1 was found. Procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA increased more than 15-fold during treatment and continued to be 5-fold elevated during the post-injury phase. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that collagen gene expression was colocalized to activated pancreatic stellate cells. Collagen expression and @entity1 persisted in focal areas during recovery. These findings show that pancreatic stellate cells are the major source of collagen during @entity2 in vivo. Additionally, focal areas of sustained pancreatic fibrogenesis persist after cessation of @entity5 treatment, and these areas may contribute to sustained total organ collagen expression in the absence of @entity2 .

title: Repetitive acute @entity3 in the XXXX induces procollagen alpha1(I) expression colocalized to pancreatic stellate cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and prognostic significance of @entity7 in @entity6 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the records of 97 @entity0 treated for @entity6 with radiotherapy at Stanford University and at the University of California, San Francisco between 1959 and 1996. Fifty-eight @entity0 had @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 4 had @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 16 had @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and 19 had @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Eight @entity0 had T2, 36 had T3, and 53 had T4 @entity2 according to the 1997 AJCC staging system. Eleven @entity0 had nodal involvement at diagnosis: 9 with @entity5 , 1 with @entity3 , and 1 with @entity8 . The most common sites of nodal involvement were ipsilateral level 1 and 2 lymph nodes. Thirty-six @entity0 were treated with definitive radiotherapy alone, and 61 received a combination of surgical and radiation treatment. Thirty-six @entity0 had neck irradiation, 25 of whom received elective neck irradiation (ENI) for N0 necks. The median follow-up for alive @entity0 was 78 months. RESULTS: The median survival for all @entity0 was 22 months (range: 2.4-356 months). The 5- and 10-year actuarial survivals were 34% and 31%, respectively. Ten @entity0 relapsed in the neck, with a 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse of 12%. The 5-year risk of neck relapse was 14% for @entity5 , 25% for @entity4 , and 7% for both @entity3 and ACC. The overall risk of nodal involvement at either diagnosis or on follow-up was 28% for @entity5 , 25% for @entity4 , 12% for @entity3 , and 10% for @entity8 . All @entity0 with nodal involvement had T3-4, and none had T2 @entity2 . ENI effectively prevented nodal relapse in @entity0 with @entity5 and N0 neck; the 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse was 20% for @entity0 without ENI and 0% for those with elective neck therapy. There was no correlation between neck relapse and @entity2 control or @entity2 extension into areas containing a rich lymphatic network. The most common sites of nodal relapse were in the ipsilateral level 1-2 nodal regions (11/13). @entity0 with nodal relapse had a significantly higher risk of distant @entity1 on both univariate (p = 0.02) and multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 4.5, p = 0.006). The 5-year actuarial risk of distant relapse was 29% for @entity0 with neck control versus 81% for @entity0 with neck failure. There was also a trend for decreased survival with nodal relapse. The 5-year actuarial survival was 37% for @entity0 with neck control and 0% for @entity0 with neck relapse. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of lymph node involvement at diagnosis in @entity0 with @entity6 was 9%. Following treatment, the 5-year risk of nodal relapse was 12%. @entity5 histology was associated with a high incidence of initial nodal involvement and nodal relapse. None of the @entity0 presenting with @entity5 histology and N0 necks had nodal relapse after elective neck irradiation. @entity0 who had nodal relapse had a higher risk of distant @entity1 and poorer survival. Therefore, our present policy is to consider elective neck irradiation in @entity0 with T3-4 @entity5 of the maxillary sinus.

title: Lymph node @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and prognostic significance of @entity7 in @entity6 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the records of 97 @entity0 treated for @entity6 with radiotherapy at Stanford University and at the University of California, San Francisco between 1959 and 1996. Fifty-eight @entity0 had @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 4 had @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 16 had @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and 19 had @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Eight @entity0 had T2, 36 had T3, and 53 had T4 @entity2 according to the 1997 AJCC staging system. Eleven @entity0 had nodal involvement at diagnosis: 9 with @entity5 , 1 with @entity3 , and 1 with @entity8 . The most common sites of nodal involvement were ipsilateral level 1 and 2 lymph nodes. Thirty-six @entity0 were treated with definitive radiotherapy alone, and 61 received a combination of surgical and radiation treatment. Thirty-six @entity0 had neck irradiation, 25 of whom received elective neck irradiation (ENI) for N0 necks. The median follow-up for alive @entity0 was 78 months. RESULTS: The median survival for all @entity0 was 22 months (range: 2.4-356 months). The 5- and 10-year actuarial survivals were 34% and 31%, respectively. Ten @entity0 relapsed in the neck, with a 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse of 12%. The 5-year risk of neck relapse was 14% for @entity5 , 25% for @entity4 , and 7% for both @entity3 and ACC. The overall risk of nodal involvement at either diagnosis or on follow-up was 28% for @entity5 , 25% for @entity4 , 12% for @entity3 , and 10% for @entity8 . All @entity0 with nodal involvement had T3-4, and none had T2 @entity2 . ENI effectively prevented nodal relapse in @entity0 with @entity5 and N0 neck; the 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse was 20% for @entity0 without ENI and 0% for those with elective neck therapy. There was no correlation between neck relapse and @entity2 control or @entity2 extension into areas containing a rich lymphatic network. The most common sites of nodal relapse were in the ipsilateral level 1-2 nodal regions (11/13). @entity0 with nodal relapse had a significantly higher risk of distant @entity1 on both univariate (p = 0.02) and multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 4.5, p = 0.006). The 5-year actuarial risk of distant relapse was 29% for @entity0 with neck control versus 81% for @entity0 with neck failure. There was also a trend for decreased survival with nodal relapse. The 5-year actuarial survival was 37% for @entity0 with neck control and 0% for @entity0 with neck relapse. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of lymph node involvement at diagnosis in @entity0 with @entity6 was 9%. Following treatment, the 5-year risk of nodal relapse was 12%. @entity5 histology was associated with a high incidence of initial nodal involvement and nodal relapse. None of the @entity0 presenting with @entity5 histology and N0 necks had nodal relapse after elective neck irradiation. @entity0 who had nodal relapse had a higher risk of distant @entity1 and poorer survival. Therefore, our present policy is to consider elective neck irradiation in @entity0 with T3-4 @entity5 of the maxillary sinus.

title: Lymph node XXXX in @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PRL in the @entity0 exerts its luteotropic action during the first half of pregnancy. After midpregnancy, placental lactogens (PLs) take the place of PRL to stimulate @entity2 secretion from the corpus luteum. Simultaneously, PLs trigger a negative feedback on PRL secretion. However, the brain mechanisms for the negative feedback induced by PLs are not fully understood. Here, we report changes in plasma PRL levels, tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuronal activity as measured by @entity5 (FRA)/ @entity1 hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, and TH catalytic activity as measured by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) accumulation in the stalk-median eminence (SME) after experimental manipulation of PL levels. On day 4 of pregnancy, animals received Rcho-1 cells intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to increase the level of PLs in the brain or HRP-1 cells as controls. On day 12 of pregnancy, hysterectomy alone or i.c.v. HRP-1 injection plus hysterectomy were performed to remove the source of PLs. Rcho-1 i.c.v. injection plus hysterectomy were performed to examine the effect of replacement of the PL source. Sham-hysterectomized animals were used as a control group. Animals were killed 2 days after each treatment at 0200 and 1800 h, which represent the peak times of PRL surges, and at 1400 h, which represents the intersurge time, by either transcardial perfusion for FRA/TH immunocytochemistry or decapitation 30 min after @entity4 injection to assess @entity3 accumulation with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Rcho-1 cells completely abolished PRL surges on day 6 of pregnancy and increased the percentage of FRA/TH immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial, ventrolateral, and caudal subdivisions of the arcuate nucleus. This change in neuronal activity reflected the amount of @entity3 accumulation in the SME, which was high at all time points. On day 14 of pregnancy, removal of the PL source by hysterectomy resulted in increased PRL levels and decreased neuronal activity of TIDA neurons at all three time points. Similar profiles were observed in animals that received i.c.v. HRP-1 injection plus hysterectomy. Replacement of the source of PL with Rcho-1 cells in hysterectomized @entity0 resulted in low PRL secretion, high neuronal activity of TIDA neurons, and high TH catalytic activity. These patterns were the same as those in sham-operated animals. Our results demonstrate that PLs induce an increase in the neuronal activity of dopaminergic neurons, as measured by FRA/TH immunoreactivity and TH catalytic activity in the SME. Removal of the PL source elevates plasma PRL levels at all times during the second half of pregnancy and does not restore PRL surges.

title: Feedback effects of placental lactogens on prolactin levels and XXXX immunoreactivity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus during pregnancy in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PRL in the @entity0 exerts its luteotropic action during the first half of pregnancy. After midpregnancy, placental lactogens (PLs) take the place of PRL to stimulate @entity2 secretion from the corpus luteum. Simultaneously, PLs trigger a negative feedback on PRL secretion. However, the brain mechanisms for the negative feedback induced by PLs are not fully understood. Here, we report changes in plasma PRL levels, tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuronal activity as measured by @entity5 (FRA)/ @entity1 hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, and TH catalytic activity as measured by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) accumulation in the stalk-median eminence (SME) after experimental manipulation of PL levels. On day 4 of pregnancy, animals received Rcho-1 cells intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to increase the level of PLs in the brain or HRP-1 cells as controls. On day 12 of pregnancy, hysterectomy alone or i.c.v. HRP-1 injection plus hysterectomy were performed to remove the source of PLs. Rcho-1 i.c.v. injection plus hysterectomy were performed to examine the effect of replacement of the PL source. Sham-hysterectomized animals were used as a control group. Animals were killed 2 days after each treatment at 0200 and 1800 h, which represent the peak times of PRL surges, and at 1400 h, which represents the intersurge time, by either transcardial perfusion for FRA/TH immunocytochemistry or decapitation 30 min after @entity4 injection to assess @entity3 accumulation with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Rcho-1 cells completely abolished PRL surges on day 6 of pregnancy and increased the percentage of FRA/TH immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial, ventrolateral, and caudal subdivisions of the arcuate nucleus. This change in neuronal activity reflected the amount of @entity3 accumulation in the SME, which was high at all time points. On day 14 of pregnancy, removal of the PL source by hysterectomy resulted in increased PRL levels and decreased neuronal activity of TIDA neurons at all three time points. Similar profiles were observed in animals that received i.c.v. HRP-1 injection plus hysterectomy. Replacement of the source of PL with Rcho-1 cells in hysterectomized @entity0 resulted in low PRL secretion, high neuronal activity of TIDA neurons, and high TH catalytic activity. These patterns were the same as those in sham-operated animals. Our results demonstrate that PLs induce an increase in the neuronal activity of dopaminergic neurons, as measured by FRA/TH immunoreactivity and TH catalytic activity in the SME. Removal of the PL source elevates plasma PRL levels at all times during the second half of pregnancy and does not restore PRL surges.

title: Feedback effects of placental lactogens on prolactin levels and @entity5 immunoreactivity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus during pregnancy in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the knee experience @entity1 and deconditioning that lead to disability. This study challenged the clinical belief that repetitive lower extremity exercise is not indicated in @entity0 with knee @entity2 . The effects of high-intensity and low-intensity stationary cycling on functional status, gait, overall and acute @entity1 , and aerobic capacity were examined. METHODS: Thirty-nine adults (71+/-6.9 years old) with complaints of knee @entity1 and diagnosis of @entity2 were randomized to either a high-intensity (70% heart rate reserve [HRR]) or low-intensity (40% HRR) exercise group for 10 weeks of stationary cycling. @entity0 cycled for 25 minutes, 3 times per week. Before and after the exercise intervention they completed the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 for @entity1 assessment, underwent timed chair rise, 6-minute walk test, gait, and graded exercise treadmill tests. Acute @entity1 was reported daily with a visual analog scale and the Western Ontario and @entity2 Index scale. RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed that @entity0 in both groups significantly improved in the timed chair rise, in the 6-minute walk test, in the range of walking speeds, in the amount of @entity1 relief, and in aerobic capacity. No differences between groups were found. @entity1 reports suggested that cycling did not increase acute @entity1 in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Cycling may be considered as an alternative exercise modality for @entity0 with knee @entity2 . Low-intensity cycling was as effective as high-intensity cycling in improving function and gait, decreasing @entity1 , and increasing aerobic capacity.

title: The effects of high-intensity and low-intensity cycle ergometry in older adults with knee XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous evidence has demonstrated a relationship between growth factors and @entity2 . This study was aimed at evaluating levels of some endothelium-derived growth factors, and their relationship with microalbuminuria (MAU), in essential @entity3 . Ninety-nine mild-moderate essential @entity3 (EH) and 25 healthy controls were studied. All @entity0 underwent 24-h blood pressure monitoring, serum @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and 24-h MAU assays. Later, EH were divided into two subsets consisting of microalbuminurics (MAU >11 microg/min) and nonmicroalbuminurics (MAU <11 microg/min). In microalbuminuric EH, circulating @entity5 , @entity4 , and PDGF were significantly higher than in nonmicroalbuminurics (P < .0001, P < .0001, P < .005, respectively) or in controls. In the group of 99 EH, significant positive correlations of MAU with both @entity5 and @entity4 (r = 0.35, P < .001, and r = 0.34, P < .001, respectively) were found. @entity5 and @entity4 correlated significantly (r = 0.31, P < .002). Circulating @entity4 also correlated significantly with MAU in the microalbuminuric EH subset (r = 0.49, P < .01). Our results show that in microalbuminuric EH circulating levels of certain growth factors are increased. In @entity0 essential @entity3 these factors are linked with MAU, an early @entity1 marker.

title: Endothelium-derived factors in microalbuminuric and nonmicroalbuminuric essential XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of medical management and @entity2 ( @entity3 )-augmented excisional bleb revision (EBR) for encapsulated filtering @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The author conducted a retrospective study of 503 @entity0 who had undergone trabeculectomy performed over a 5 year period, followed up for at least one year, in order to identify the encapsulated filtering @entity4 . @entity2 -augmented (0.4mg/ml for 3 minutes) EBR was performed in cases of failed medical therapy for managing encapsulated @entity4 consisting of antiglaucoma medications, topical @entity1 , and digital compression. RESULTS: An encapsulated bleb developed in 18 eyes (3.6%) of 503 @entity0 . Identification of bleb encapsulation occurred at a mean follow-up time of 24.2 +/- 10.4 days after surgery. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at that point was 30.4 +/- 11.7 mmHg in the affected eyes. Fifteen (83.3%) of 18 eyes responded to conservative management and 3 eyes (16.7%) required @entity3 augmented EBR. The mean IOP reduced from 30.4 +/- 11.7 mmHg to 14.2 +/- 4.2 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 37.6 +/- 11.4 months in the conservative management group, while it reduced from 37.3 +/- 23.4 mmHg to 12.0 +/- 4.4 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 42 +/- 6 months in the surgically treated group. None of the surgically treated eyes developed @entity3 -related complications. CONCLUSION: Conservative management is very effective in the treatment of encapsulated filtering @entity4 . The intraoperative use of @entity3 is a safe and effective adjunct in EBR in cases where conservative management has failed.

title: Results of medical management and XXXX -augmented excisional bleb revision for encapsulated filtering @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of medical management and @entity2 ( @entity3 )-augmented excisional bleb revision (EBR) for encapsulated filtering @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The author conducted a retrospective study of 503 @entity0 who had undergone trabeculectomy performed over a 5 year period, followed up for at least one year, in order to identify the encapsulated filtering @entity4 . @entity2 -augmented (0.4mg/ml for 3 minutes) EBR was performed in cases of failed medical therapy for managing encapsulated @entity4 consisting of antiglaucoma medications, topical @entity1 , and digital compression. RESULTS: An encapsulated bleb developed in 18 eyes (3.6%) of 503 @entity0 . Identification of bleb encapsulation occurred at a mean follow-up time of 24.2 +/- 10.4 days after surgery. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at that point was 30.4 +/- 11.7 mmHg in the affected eyes. Fifteen (83.3%) of 18 eyes responded to conservative management and 3 eyes (16.7%) required @entity3 augmented EBR. The mean IOP reduced from 30.4 +/- 11.7 mmHg to 14.2 +/- 4.2 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 37.6 +/- 11.4 months in the conservative management group, while it reduced from 37.3 +/- 23.4 mmHg to 12.0 +/- 4.4 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 42 +/- 6 months in the surgically treated group. None of the surgically treated eyes developed @entity3 -related complications. CONCLUSION: Conservative management is very effective in the treatment of encapsulated filtering @entity4 . The intraoperative use of @entity3 is a safe and effective adjunct in EBR in cases where conservative management has failed.

title: Results of medical management and @entity2 -augmented excisional bleb revision for encapsulated filtering XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity2 in type 2 @entity1 ( @entity5 ) outpatients from different regions of Brazil. @entity0 AND METHODS: We studied 2,519 randomly selected @entity0 , from 11 hospitals, 2 endocrine and one general public care clinics from 10 cities. Overweight was defined as body-mass index (BMI) > 25 and @entity2 as BMI > 30 kg/m2. Glycemic control (GC) was evaluated by GC index (GCI = @entity0 's @entity4 or HbA1c/upper limit of normal for the method x 100). RESULTS: 39% of the population studied was male, the mean age was 58.8 +/- 11.6 y, the duration from clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was 9.0 +/- 7.3y, and BMI was 28.3 +/- 5.2 kg/m2. No measurements of BMI were recorded from 265 @entity0 (10.5%). @entity0 from the Northeast presented lower BMI as compared with those from the Midwest, Southeast and South areas, respectively (26.4 +/- 4.7 vs. 27.9 +/- 4.8 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.1 vs. 29.4 +/- 5.4 kg/m2; p < 0.001). A greater prevalence of @entity2 was observed in the Southeast and South areas as compared to the Northeast (p < 0.001), as well as in the female group, respectively (69% vs. 31%; p < 0.001). Normal weight @entity0 presented lower GCI. @entity0 being treated with two or more oral drugs and an association of insulin plus oral drug presented greater BMI values than those being treated with diet, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin p < 0.001. The BMI of @entity0 treated by a specialist did not differ from those treated by a generalist. CONCLUSIONS: 75% of our sample was out of adequate BMI and 30% was @entity2 . The percentage of @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 was comparable to those found in similar European studies but still lower than those found in the USA. The prevalence of @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 was three times higher than in the overall Brazilian population according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).

title: [Nationwide multicenter study on the prevalence of @entity3 and XXXX in @entity1 in the Brazilian population].

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity2 in type 2 @entity1 ( @entity5 ) outpatients from different regions of Brazil. @entity0 AND METHODS: We studied 2,519 randomly selected @entity0 , from 11 hospitals, 2 endocrine and one general public care clinics from 10 cities. Overweight was defined as body-mass index (BMI) > 25 and @entity2 as BMI > 30 kg/m2. Glycemic control (GC) was evaluated by GC index (GCI = @entity0 's @entity4 or HbA1c/upper limit of normal for the method x 100). RESULTS: 39% of the population studied was male, the mean age was 58.8 +/- 11.6 y, the duration from clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was 9.0 +/- 7.3y, and BMI was 28.3 +/- 5.2 kg/m2. No measurements of BMI were recorded from 265 @entity0 (10.5%). @entity0 from the Northeast presented lower BMI as compared with those from the Midwest, Southeast and South areas, respectively (26.4 +/- 4.7 vs. 27.9 +/- 4.8 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.1 vs. 29.4 +/- 5.4 kg/m2; p < 0.001). A greater prevalence of @entity2 was observed in the Southeast and South areas as compared to the Northeast (p < 0.001), as well as in the female group, respectively (69% vs. 31%; p < 0.001). Normal weight @entity0 presented lower GCI. @entity0 being treated with two or more oral drugs and an association of insulin plus oral drug presented greater BMI values than those being treated with diet, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin p < 0.001. The BMI of @entity0 treated by a specialist did not differ from those treated by a generalist. CONCLUSIONS: 75% of our sample was out of adequate BMI and 30% was @entity2 . The percentage of @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 was comparable to those found in similar European studies but still lower than those found in the USA. The prevalence of @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 was three times higher than in the overall Brazilian population according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).

title: [Nationwide multicenter study on the prevalence of XXXX and @entity2 in @entity1 in the Brazilian population].

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity2 in type 2 @entity1 ( @entity5 ) outpatients from different regions of Brazil. @entity0 AND METHODS: We studied 2,519 randomly selected @entity0 , from 11 hospitals, 2 endocrine and one general public care clinics from 10 cities. Overweight was defined as body-mass index (BMI) > 25 and @entity2 as BMI > 30 kg/m2. Glycemic control (GC) was evaluated by GC index (GCI = @entity0 's @entity4 or HbA1c/upper limit of normal for the method x 100). RESULTS: 39% of the population studied was male, the mean age was 58.8 +/- 11.6 y, the duration from clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was 9.0 +/- 7.3y, and BMI was 28.3 +/- 5.2 kg/m2. No measurements of BMI were recorded from 265 @entity0 (10.5%). @entity0 from the Northeast presented lower BMI as compared with those from the Midwest, Southeast and South areas, respectively (26.4 +/- 4.7 vs. 27.9 +/- 4.8 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.1 vs. 29.4 +/- 5.4 kg/m2; p < 0.001). A greater prevalence of @entity2 was observed in the Southeast and South areas as compared to the Northeast (p < 0.001), as well as in the female group, respectively (69% vs. 31%; p < 0.001). Normal weight @entity0 presented lower GCI. @entity0 being treated with two or more oral drugs and an association of insulin plus oral drug presented greater BMI values than those being treated with diet, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin p < 0.001. The BMI of @entity0 treated by a specialist did not differ from those treated by a generalist. CONCLUSIONS: 75% of our sample was out of adequate BMI and 30% was @entity2 . The percentage of @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 was comparable to those found in similar European studies but still lower than those found in the USA. The prevalence of @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 was three times higher than in the overall Brazilian population according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).

title: [Nationwide multicenter study on the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity2 in XXXX in the Brazilian population].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Both community-based studies and reports from more selected @entity5 populations consistently reveal @entity0 with @entity5 to have a mortality rate two to three times that of the general population. This increased rate is most pronounced in @entity0 with remote @entity5 , although many studies also report a significant excess mortality also among those with @entity9 . The highest standardized mortality ratios (SMR) are seen in young age groups, mainly due to the low expected mortality in @entity0 , and during the first 5-10 years after diagnosis. Many of these observations suggest that the higher mortality is partly related to the underlying disorder causing @entity5 rather than a direct consequence of the @entity6 . For example, mortality in @entity2 is increased, with SMRs ranging from 1.8 to 5.3 in the various studies. Deaths due to @entity1 , and in particular @entity8 , is also increased among @entity0 with @entity5 . Accidents, @entity3 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are more directly @entity6 -related causes of @entity4 . The incidence of such @entity4 vary considerably depending on the population being studied. While rare among @entity0 with new-onset @entity5 , @entity6 -related @entity4 may account for up to 40% of all @entity4 in @entity0 with chronic @entity5 . @entity7 is probably the most frequent @entity6 -related cause of @entity4 among young adults with @entity5 , with an SMR more than 20 compared with the general population. @entity6 -induced autonomic cardiorespiratory effects have been suggested, but the mechanisms behind @entity7 are far from fully understood. It appears, however, that the risk of @entity7 is closely related to @entity6 frequency, being 40 times higher in @entity0 who continue to have @entity6 than in those who are @entity6 -free.

title: Mortality in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical data on survival outcomes of adult @entity0 (defined as 20 years of age and older) with @entity2 are scarce due to the rarity of the disease. Small single institution reports have described worse outcomes for adults than pediatric @entity0 . MATERIALS/METHODS: Data from the public access Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database were reviewed for a 30-year period between 1973 and 2002 for the diagnosis of @entity2 . Analyses compared frequency and survival rates of @entity2 among @entity0 and adults with particular focus on the incidence, case characteristics, and long-term survival of the adult @entity0 . RESULTS: The observed 3- and 5-year survival rates were lowest among adult @entity0 (45.9% and 36.3%, respectively), whereas @entity0 fared best with 86.0% 3-year and 84.6% 5-year overall survival. There was a steady decline in the incidence of @entity2 from 0.47 cases per million per year in 1973-1977 to 0.12 cases per million per year in 1998-2002. When the long-term @entity2 survival was examined in detail for 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year follow-up periods, there was continuous decrease in survival during the first 7 years after the diagnosis with subsequent stabilization for both observed (OS) and relative survival (RS) rates. There was a notable trend towards improved outcome over the past three decades. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with @entity2 have significantly worse outcome than @entity0 . This may be due to @entity1 biology, more virulent clinical course, or possibly due to the fact that adults are less sensitive or have poor tolerance to pediatric chemotherapy regimens.

title: XXXX in adults: Incidence and survival analysis based on SEER data.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Because the diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is mostly made by excluding @entity1 , availability of a positive criterion for @entity2 is of great importance. This study was aimed at the validation of a diagnostic technique that intends to provide in such a positive criterion. METHODS: In 17 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and 20 @entity0 with @entity2 , a hypnotic procedure was performed by an investigator blind to other data to recover @entity3 for the ictus. If recall was obtained, the experimental diagnosis PES was given; if not, ES was diagnosed. The experimental diagnoses were compared with the clinical, EEG-confirmed diagnoses. Hypnotizability was measured to determine the relation between the outcome of the test and hypnotizability of the @entity0 . RESULTS: Recall for the ictus was obtained in 17 @entity0 . Each of these had a clinical diagnosis of PES. Seventeen @entity0 with "no recall" had a clinical diagnosis of ES, and three @entity0 had @entity2 . This result yields a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 85% for the recall technique. Hypnotizability was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity2 than in @entity0 with @entity1 . In some "low hypnotizables," recall was obtained, and in some "high hypnotizables," no recall was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: A positive recall test indicates PES. A sub-group of @entity0 with @entity2 is characterized by a high level of hypnotizability. Hypnotizability is not crucial for outcome of the recall test. High hypnotic abilities are especially found in disorders in which it is supposed that "dissociation" is involved. It can be speculated that PES may be one of the dissociative phenomena.

title: Hypnotic recall: a positive criterion in the differential diagnosis between @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Because the diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is mostly made by excluding @entity1 , availability of a positive criterion for @entity2 is of great importance. This study was aimed at the validation of a diagnostic technique that intends to provide in such a positive criterion. METHODS: In 17 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and 20 @entity0 with @entity2 , a hypnotic procedure was performed by an investigator blind to other data to recover @entity3 for the ictus. If recall was obtained, the experimental diagnosis PES was given; if not, ES was diagnosed. The experimental diagnoses were compared with the clinical, EEG-confirmed diagnoses. Hypnotizability was measured to determine the relation between the outcome of the test and hypnotizability of the @entity0 . RESULTS: Recall for the ictus was obtained in 17 @entity0 . Each of these had a clinical diagnosis of PES. Seventeen @entity0 with "no recall" had a clinical diagnosis of ES, and three @entity0 had @entity2 . This result yields a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 85% for the recall technique. Hypnotizability was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity2 than in @entity0 with @entity1 . In some "low hypnotizables," recall was obtained, and in some "high hypnotizables," no recall was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: A positive recall test indicates PES. A sub-group of @entity0 with @entity2 is characterized by a high level of hypnotizability. Hypnotizability is not crucial for outcome of the recall test. High hypnotic abilities are especially found in disorders in which it is supposed that "dissociation" is involved. It can be speculated that PES may be one of the dissociative phenomena.

title: Hypnotic recall: a positive criterion in the differential diagnosis between XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 24-year-old @entity0 was admitted for dyspnoea and @entity5 . He had a previous history of complete @entity6 . At the age of 6 months, in 1984, cardiac catheterization revealed a quasi-systemic @entity1 with a bidirectional shunt corresponding to an @entity8 . Corrective cardiac surgery was not performed at this time because surgical risk was considered too high. Until the age of 20 years old, he showed few symptoms while under medical treatment. But since 2006, his functional status became worse with an increased dyspnoea, @entity5 , and severe @entity3 . In these conditions, haemodynamic parameters have been re-evaluated in 2006 and 2008.They highlighted a late and progressive development of a valvular and @entity7 leading to a normalisation of pulmonary arterial pressures. At the age of 24 , the @entity0 underwent corrective cardiac surgery which was successful. Late development of both infundibular and @entity4 have not been described before in non operated congenital @entity6 , but development of one or the other abnormality would be found in 8% of @entity0 . The physiopathological mechanism of this obstruction is unclear. Nevertheless, in unoperated @entity2 , reversibility of severe @entity1 should be reconsidered and re-assessed during follow up.

title: XXXX development and @entity1 in atrioventricular septal defect: a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 24-year-old @entity0 was admitted for dyspnoea and @entity5 . He had a previous history of complete @entity6 . At the age of 6 months, in 1984, cardiac catheterization revealed a quasi-systemic @entity1 with a bidirectional shunt corresponding to an @entity8 . Corrective cardiac surgery was not performed at this time because surgical risk was considered too high. Until the age of 20 years old, he showed few symptoms while under medical treatment. But since 2006, his functional status became worse with an increased dyspnoea, @entity5 , and severe @entity3 . In these conditions, haemodynamic parameters have been re-evaluated in 2006 and 2008.They highlighted a late and progressive development of a valvular and @entity7 leading to a normalisation of pulmonary arterial pressures. At the age of 24 , the @entity0 underwent corrective cardiac surgery which was successful. Late development of both infundibular and @entity4 have not been described before in non operated congenital @entity6 , but development of one or the other abnormality would be found in 8% of @entity0 . The physiopathological mechanism of this obstruction is unclear. Nevertheless, in unoperated @entity2 , reversibility of severe @entity1 should be reconsidered and re-assessed during follow up.

title: @entity4 development and XXXX in atrioventricular septal defect: a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined natural history, predictors of biochemical recurrence and all cause mortality in @entity0 with persistently elevated @entity4 after radical prostatectomy in the Shared Equal Access @entity2 Hospital cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed data on 1,156 @entity0 treated with radical prostatectomy after 1997. @entity4 persistence was defined as failure to achieve @entity4 less than 0.03 ng/ml within 6 months postoperatively. Disease-free and overall survival was compared between @entity0 with and without persistence using the log rank test. Predictors of biochemical recurrence and all cause @entity3 were analyzed using the Cox model. RESULTS: A total of 291 @entity0 (25%) had persistence, which was associated with increased biochemical recurrence and all cause @entity3 (p <0.001 and 0.041, respectively). In @entity0 with persistence 1 and 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival was 68% and 36%, significantly lower than 95% and 72%, respectively, in @entity0 without persistence. Ten-year overall survival in @entity0 with vs without persistence was 63% vs 80%. In @entity0 with persistence independent predictors of @entity4 recurrence were higher @entity4 nadir (HR 2.19, p <0.001), positive surgical margins (HR 1.75, p = 0.022) and high pathological Gleason score (8-10 vs 2-6 HR 2.40, p = 0.026). Independent predictors of overall mortality were a higher @entity4 nadir (HR 1.46, p = 0.013) and @entity1 (HR 3.15, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 persistence is associated with increased biochemical recurrence and overall mortality. In @entity0 with persistence the @entity4 nadir is an independent predictor of recurrence and mortality. Thus, @entity4 persistence and nadir are important tools for early postoperative risk stratification.

title: Natural history of persistently elevated XXXX after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 is a major, highly clonal, pathogen causing @entity0 . This study aimed at investigating the diverse distribution of bacterial adhesins in most prevalent @entity1 types causing @entity0 . 200 @entity1 isolates, categorized into ribogroups by automated ribotyping, i.e. rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, were screened for the presence of a panel of adhesins genes. Within the collection of isolates, automated ribotyping detected 98 distinct ribogroups. For many ribogroups, characteristic tandem genes arrangements could be identified. In the predominant @entity1 cluster, enlisting 27 isolates, the bbp gene encoding bone sialoprotein-binding protein appeared a typical virulence trait, found in 93% of the isolates. Conversely, the bbp gene was identified in just 10% of the remaining isolates of the collection. In this cluster, co-presence of bbp with the cna gene encoding collagen adhesin was a pattern consistently observed. These findings indicate a crucial role of both these adhesins, able to bind the most abundant bone proteins, in the pathogenesis of @entity0 , there where biomaterials interface bone tissues. This study suggests that specific adhesins may synergistically act in the onset of @entity0 and that anti-adhesin strategies should be targeted to adhesins conjointly present.

title: The presence of both bone sialoprotein-binding protein gene and collagen adhesin gene as a typical virulence trait of the major epidemic cluster in isolates from orthopedic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Slow protein dynamics can be studied by 15N spin-echo (CPMG) and off-resonance rotating frame relaxation through the effective field dependence of the exchange-mediated relaxation contribution. It is shown that, by a combination of these complementary techniques, a more extended sampling of the microsecond time scale processes is achieved than by either method alone. 15N R2 and improved off-resonance R1 rho experiments [Mulder et al. (1998) J. Magn. Reson., 131, 351-357] were applied to the @entity1 receptor DNA-binding domain and allowed the identification of 14 residues exhibiting microsecond time scale dynamics. Assuming exchange between two conformational substates, average lifetimes ranging from 37 to 416 microseconds, and chemical shift differences of up to 3 ppm were obtained. The largest perturbation of tertiary structure was observed for the second @entity0 finger region, which was found to be disordered in the solution structure [Holmbeck et al. (1998) J. Mol. Biol., 281, 271-284]. Since this @entity0 -coordinating domain comprises the principal dimerization interface for @entity2 in a wide repertoire of complexes with different hormone receptors to their cognate response elements, this finding has important implications for our understanding of nuclear receptor assembly on DNA direct repeats. The flexibility observed for the dimerization domain may explain how @entity2 , through the ability to adaptively interact with a wide variety of highly homologous partner molecules, demonstrates such a versatile DNA-binding repertoire.

title: Microsecond time scale dynamics in the XXXX DNA-binding domain from a combination of spin-echo and off-resonance rotating frame relaxation measurements.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The antenatal diagnosis of @entity5 represents real progress in the early detection of @entity2 occurring in the fetus. However, the diagnosis is only possible in some cases during the first trimester of gestation, and not in the first weeks as is the case for other @entity1 such as abnormal haemoglobins. This delay can be reduced now that the @entity1 responsible for some @entity5 have been discovered. If the region of chromosome 17 and the DNA sequence coding for the glycoproteins @entity6 -IIIa were known, this would make possible the recognition of the gene defect responsible for @entity4 . This could also permit the diagnosis of @entity4 at the gene level, i.e. during the first weeks of gestation. However, the use of gene markers could be limited by the fact that a monomorphic clinical expression of @entity4 could correspond to different genetic mutations which can all result in a defect in @entity6 -IIIa synthesis and assembly. If such diagnosis could be made very early, it would only represent real progress if a specific treatment could be applied. New therapeutic approaches to immune @entity3 during pregnancy appear to be possible and can be applied when there is a risk to the fetus, they are still either experimental or anecdotal and there is a real need for a well-designed clinical trial. In all fetal @entity5 , the risk of @entity7 following fetal blood sampling must not be underestimated and very careful, intensive care is necessary after such an investigation. In the absence of a specific therapy, this antenatal diagnosis must be restricted to cases in which the risk of severe @entity2 complications are anticipated and where there is a well-documented family history. The @entity0 must be properly informed of all the aspects of the investigation, including the possible risks. As has been the case for other @entity1 , progress will be made, and we can anticipate that eventually in utero bone-marrow transplantation or gene correction be performed to cure the disease before birth.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 most commonly results from occlusion of a major artery in the brain and typically leads to the death of all cells within the affected tissue. Mitochondria are centrally involved in the development of this tissue injury due to modifications of their major role in supplying @entity5 and to changes in their properties that can contribute to the development of apoptotic and @entity1 cell death. In animal models of @entity3 , the limited availability of @entity4 and @entity0 directly impairs oxidative metabolism in severely @entity2 regions of the affected tissue and leads to rapid changes in @entity5 and other energy-related metabolites. In the less-severely @entity2 "penumbral" tissue, more moderate alterations develop in these metabolites, associated with near normal @entity4 use but impaired oxidative metabolism. This tissue remains potentially salvageable for at least the first few hours following @entity3 onset. Early restoration of blood flow can result in substantial recovery of energy-related metabolites throughout the affected tissue. However, @entity4 oxidation is markedly decreased due both to lower energy requirements in the post- @entity2 tissue and limitations on the mitochondrial oxidation of @entity6 . A secondary deterioration of mitochondrial function subsequently develops that may contribute to progression to cell loss. Mitochondrial release of multiple apoptogenic proteins has been identified in @entity2 and post- @entity2 brain, mostly in neurons. Pharmacological interventions and genetic modifications in rodent models strongly implicate caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition as important contributors to tissue damage, particularly when induced by short periods of temporary focal @entity2 .

title: Mitochondria, oxidative metabolism and cell death in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The first author detected the nasal bird schistosome @entity3 in Iceland in @entity2 in Landmannalaugar in autumn of 2003. Since then, measurements and morphological studies have been performed on fresh worms (fragments) obtained in the area from naturally infected @entity2 , A. platyrhynchos and Aythya marila. In the present study, we compare our findings to the original description of @entity3 by Hor  k et al. (Parasite 5:349-357, 1998) that relies upon worms obtained by experimental infections of A. platyrhynchos f. domestica and @entity4 f. domestica ducklings. Fragments obtained from naturally infected birds are markedly larger than those obtained in the experimental @entity0 . Also, indistinct sex-related size difference was confirmed; males were more abundant in the material than females. Previously unknown morphological features detected in the present study include, e.g. subterminal spines on the oral sucker directed to the oral opening, spine pattern on the apical part of acetabulum and long tegumental spines (up to 16  m) in the gonad and tail regions of both sexes. In males, we evaluated for the first time the morphology of the cirrus sac enclosing ejaculatory duct, prostata and the entire prostatic region, the course of vas @entity1 . In females, the posterior part of the reproductive system was studied for the first time. The presence of the Laurer's canal was confirmed and its course from the oviduct to the surface, where spermatozoa were noticed to leave the canal, was described.

title: Morphological features of the nasal blood fluke XXXX (Schistosomatidae, Digenea) from naturally infected hosts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Membership and @entity0 of infracommunities and component communities of myxozoan fauna of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from freshwater localities in Ontario, Quebec, New York State, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Maryland were studied. Five species of parasites were found: Myxobolus diaphanus (Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1940) (connective tissue throughout the body and head), Myxobolus funduli (Kudo, 1918) (interlamellar), Myxobolus neurophilus (Guilford, 1963) (optic tectum of the brain), Myxobolus sp. (connective tissue, typically adjacent to vertebrae), and Sphaerospora sp. (kidney tubules). The most abundant species locally and regionally was M. diaphanus, occurring at prevalences of 14.2 to 93.3% at 6 of 9 localities. Myxobolus funduli and Myxobolus sp. were at 3 and 2 localities respectively, while M. neurophilus and Sphaerospora each occurred at single localities. Four of the 5 myxozoans appear to be specific to fundulids, the exception being M. neurophilus, which is typically a parasite of Perca flavescens. Mean infracommunity @entity0 was 0-1.2. Component community @entity0 was 0-3 species. The fauna is similar in composition to that described from the spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) in the Great Lakes in being dominated by histozoic myxobolids and in having maximum prevalence at any single locality correlate positively with geographical distribution. Moreover, mean infracommunity @entity0 was correlated with percentage of hosts infected with any species at a locality, and maximum infracommunity @entity0 was correlated with component community @entity0 . Probably because fewer species of myxozoans of fundulids occur in the regional pool, myxozoan communities encountered in the present study are generally less rich than those described from N. hudsonius. It appears that dispersal of relatively resilient myxospores through such a mechanism as piscivory effectively distributes these parasites over the landscape, while the more delicate actinospores serve to ensure colonization by amplifying species' prevalence at a specific locality and thereby contributing to initial establishment. As such, these types of myxozoans, though they are autogenic, having their entire life cycle normally completed within the aquatic environment, behave more like allogenic parasites that rely on birds and mammals as definitive hosts.

title: The myxozoan fauna of XXXX (Cyprinodontidae) from freshwater localities in eastern North America: prevalence, community structure, and geographic distribution.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 5000 years, but lost its appeal due to its @entity1 . It was rediscovered in western medicine and enjoyed a renaissance from 1830 to 1930, as the first effective chemotherapy against syphilis, @entity6 and @entity2 . These years were also a time of political turmoil in China. The Nanking treaty (29 August 1842) turned Hong Kong into a colony, while the Xinhai Revolution (10 October 1911) gave birth to a republic of China. @entity4 returned to China and Hong Kong with the establishment of the first medical schools from 1887 to 1920. Until 1950, oral @entity5 was the standard anti-leukaemic treatment in Queen Mary Hospital. The advent of alkylating chemotherapeutic agents replaced @entity5 in Hong Kong and around the world. In the 1970s, however, the specific activity of @entity5 against @entity3 was re-discovered during the Cultural Revolution in Harbin, China. In 1997, Hong Kong was returned to China. In the same year, @entity5 returned to the world stage. Intravenous @entity5 became the worldwide standard therapy for relapsed @entity3 . Oral administration of @entity5 was revived in Hong Kong in 2000. This resulted in the first locally produced, registered, patented prescription drug in Hong Kong. Pending imminent manufacture, this product is poised to revolutionise @entity3 care and may hold the key to saving the lives of @entity3 @entity0 worldwide. The remarkable journey of @entity4 in the setting of medical history of China and Hong Kong is reviewed.

title: A biography of XXXX and medicine in Hong Kong and China.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To quantify the surgical @entity4 rate and to identify risk factors associated with @entity4 . METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of all surgical @entity0 between January 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994. The frequency of @entity4 per 100 surgeries was calculated. The odds ratio (OR) was estimated by using logistic regression analysis. SETTING: A 130-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital for adult @entity0 with @entity1 . RESULTS: The study followed 3372 surgeries. Three hundred thirteen @entity0 had a @entity4 (rate per 100 surgeries: 9. 30). The risk factors associated with @entity4 were @entity2 (OR = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-4. 91), @entity3 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.14-2.7), presence of surgical drains for >5 and <16 days (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.02-3.31), and presence of surgical drains for >/=16 days (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1. 0-4.6). The bacteria most frequently isolated were @entity5 38 (21.8% of the total of microorganisms found), Pseudomonas sp 22 (12.6%), @entity7 16 (9.2%), and coagulase-negative @entity7 25 (13.6%). The coexistence of other @entity6 was greater among the cases (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-3.1) than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4 rate in our hospital is slightly higher than the rates reported for general hospitals. The risk factors associated with @entity4 are similar to those previously reported. @entity2 , @entity3 , and prolonged presence of a surgical drain increased the risk of @entity4 .

title: Surgical site infections at the National XXXX Institute in Mexico: a case-control study.

answer: @entity1