abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the core feature of @entity3 is progressive @entity1 , non-cognitive behavioural problems are expressed in most @entity0 with @entity3 during the course of their illness. While psychotropic drugs are frequently used to control behavioural symptoms, comorbidities, which are very common in the geriatric population, could often limit their use. @entity8 may be a potential treatment in such situations. METHODS: In this open, baseline comparison study 20 @entity0 with probable @entity2 with behavioural alterations and serious comorbidities ( @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 or severe @entity4 ) received @entity8 for 15 months. @entity0 were allowed to continue any previous therapy for concurrent diseases. However, concomitant antipsychotic or @entity5 intake was not permitted. RESULTS: @entity8 appeared to be efficacious and well tolerated in this @entity0 population, and did not appear to interact with other drugs. General benefit is reflected by a reduction of caregiver stress. No @entity0 withdrew before the end of the study and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The results of this study in @entity0 with probable @entity2 with behavioural alterations and serious comorbidities indicate that @entity8 provides significant and sustained efficacy in terms of behaviour, with associated reductions in caregiver burden. The results of an ongoing larger, randomised, double-blind study of @entity8 are keenly awaited and may help to provide a safer and more efficacious treatment option for this group of @entity0 .

title: XXXX for the treatment of behavioural alterations in @entity3 : preliminary 15-month investigation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the core feature of @entity3 is progressive @entity1 , non-cognitive behavioural problems are expressed in most @entity0 with @entity3 during the course of their illness. While psychotropic drugs are frequently used to control behavioural symptoms, comorbidities, which are very common in the geriatric population, could often limit their use. @entity8 may be a potential treatment in such situations. METHODS: In this open, baseline comparison study 20 @entity0 with probable @entity2 with behavioural alterations and serious comorbidities ( @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 or severe @entity4 ) received @entity8 for 15 months. @entity0 were allowed to continue any previous therapy for concurrent diseases. However, concomitant antipsychotic or @entity5 intake was not permitted. RESULTS: @entity8 appeared to be efficacious and well tolerated in this @entity0 population, and did not appear to interact with other drugs. General benefit is reflected by a reduction of caregiver stress. No @entity0 withdrew before the end of the study and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The results of this study in @entity0 with probable @entity2 with behavioural alterations and serious comorbidities indicate that @entity8 provides significant and sustained efficacy in terms of behaviour, with associated reductions in caregiver burden. The results of an ongoing larger, randomised, double-blind study of @entity8 are keenly awaited and may help to provide a safer and more efficacious treatment option for this group of @entity0 .

title: @entity8 for the treatment of behavioural alterations in XXXX : preliminary 15-month investigation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effectiveness of the adaptive immune system relies upon extensive proliferation of an initially small number of antigen-specific T cells. At the end of a successful response, the majority die by apoptosis and a small minority joins the memory cell pool. Upon re-challenge with antigen, these memory cells must again undergo clonal expansion in order to mediate an effective response. Thus, T cells are subjected to marked proliferative stress which may result in clonal exhaustion due to replicative senescence. In other systems made up of rapidly proliferating cells (e.g. in the gut) individual clones are identical and are replaced at the end of their lifespan by differentiation from a stem cell reservoir. However, because of the unique clonal distribution of antigen receptors on T cells, mere replacement with other T cells is not sufficient to maintain the integrity of the system. Moreover, the very source of new T cells decreases with age (due to thymic involution). Therefore, the adaptive immune system may be uniquely susceptible to the deleterious effects of replicative senescence. Particularly in @entity0 , in vivo studies of the behaviour of individual T-cell clones in the body is difficult. However, T-cell longevity, measured as proliferative capacity in terms of population doublings, can be usefully modelled at the clonal level in vitro. This paper discusses the surprisingly little that is known about the average longevity, variation between clones, and the maximal longevity of @entity0 T cells under clonal culture conditions in vitro. From our own studies, we show that average lifespan of @entity0 T cells is as little as 17 @entity3 ; however, established clones reach 35 @entity3 on average, with maximum longevity generally in the region of 60-80 @entity3 , regardless of the source of the cloned cells. Expression of surface molecules in general did not differ strikingly between young and old donors, but the frequency of clones secreting @entity2 , and the amount secreted per clone was higher in the elderly than in the young. Conversely, the frequency of clones secreting @entity1 and the amount secreted per clone was higher in the young.

title: Longevity in vitro of XXXX CD4+ T helper cell clones derived from young donors and elderly donors, or from progenitor cells: age-associated differences in cell surface molecule expression and cytokine secretion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The FLEP regimen ( @entity5 , LV, ETP and CDDP) is a combination chemotherapy administered regionally and systemically for the control of both local and disseminated disease in intra- and extra-abdominal regions in @entity0 with advanced and recurrent @entity1 . Sixty-one @entity0 with advanced and recurrent @entity1 were entered into this study. The treatment regimen consisted of @entity5 at 370 mg/m2 (days 1 to 5, i.v. 24 h); LV at a dose of 30 mg (days 1 to 5, i.v. bolus); and ETP and CDDP each at 70 mg/m2 (days 7 and 21, ia 2 h). This regimen was repeated every four weeks. The overall response rate was 36.1% (22/61) and the 50% and median survival times were 10.23 and 11.80 months, respectively. The adverse events were Grade 3/4 @entity4 (18.0%), Grade 3/4 @entity2 (4.9%), Grade 3 @entity3 (3.3%) and Grade 3 @entity6 (1.6%). Of the 17 NAC @entity0 , the six curability B @entity0 showed a statistically higher survival rate than the curability C and unresected @entity0 . Based on the encouraging response rate and the improvement in prognosis, we recommend the FLEP regimen for @entity0 with primary @entity1 . Neoadjuvant chemotherapy using the FLEP regimen should be performed with curative resection as an objective.

title: [FLEP therapy for advanced and recurrent XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A beneficial role of antioxidants in @entity1 individuals has hitherto been inferred only from uncontrolled pilot studies. The authors compared the effect of @entity3 and weight loss on transaminase values and on ultrasonographic bright liver in a controlled group of @entity0 with @entity1 -related @entity4 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity1 -related hypertransaminasemia and bright liver were randomly allocated to two single-blind groups: group 1 (n = 14) treated with a low-calorie diet associated with oral placebo for 5 months, and group 2 (n = 14) treated with a low-calorie diet associated with oral @entity3 (400 mg/d x 2 months, 100 mg/d x 3 months). Transaminase values and ultrasonographic liver brightness along with weight loss and @entity3 levels were monitored. RESULTS: Variations in transaminase levels and percentage of @entity0 with normalized transaminase values were comparable in the two groups. The disappearance of bright liver was observed only in @entity0 who lost weight and was twice as common in @entity0 from group 1. Two subgroups of @entity0 with complete normalization of transaminase values emerged as a consequence of controlled adherence to diet alone (n = 6; significant decrease of percent overweight: P = 0.0019 ) and to @entity3 alone (n = 7; unmodified percent overweight and significant increase of @entity3 / @entity2 ratio: P < 0.0001). Changes in treatment-induced @entity5 aminotransferase levels in these two subgroups were comparable at month 2, whereas values at month 5 were significantly lower in the subgroup adherent to diet alone (P = 0.04). In the subgroup adherent to @entity3 alone, after 2 months washout, transaminase remained stable in 5 @entity0 and increased in 2; bright liver persisted in all. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity3 warrants consideration in @entity1 -related @entity4 for @entity0 unable to adhere to low-calorie diets.

title: @entity3 treatment in XXXX : a randomized study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A beneficial role of antioxidants in @entity1 individuals has hitherto been inferred only from uncontrolled pilot studies. The authors compared the effect of @entity3 and weight loss on transaminase values and on ultrasonographic bright liver in a controlled group of @entity0 with @entity1 -related @entity4 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity1 -related hypertransaminasemia and bright liver were randomly allocated to two single-blind groups: group 1 (n = 14) treated with a low-calorie diet associated with oral placebo for 5 months, and group 2 (n = 14) treated with a low-calorie diet associated with oral @entity3 (400 mg/d x 2 months, 100 mg/d x 3 months). Transaminase values and ultrasonographic liver brightness along with weight loss and @entity3 levels were monitored. RESULTS: Variations in transaminase levels and percentage of @entity0 with normalized transaminase values were comparable in the two groups. The disappearance of bright liver was observed only in @entity0 who lost weight and was twice as common in @entity0 from group 1. Two subgroups of @entity0 with complete normalization of transaminase values emerged as a consequence of controlled adherence to diet alone (n = 6; significant decrease of percent overweight: P = 0.0019 ) and to @entity3 alone (n = 7; unmodified percent overweight and significant increase of @entity3 / @entity2 ratio: P < 0.0001). Changes in treatment-induced @entity5 aminotransferase levels in these two subgroups were comparable at month 2, whereas values at month 5 were significantly lower in the subgroup adherent to diet alone (P = 0.04). In the subgroup adherent to @entity3 alone, after 2 months washout, transaminase remained stable in 5 @entity0 and increased in 2; bright liver persisted in all. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity3 warrants consideration in @entity1 -related @entity4 for @entity0 unable to adhere to low-calorie diets.

title: XXXX treatment in @entity4 : a randomized study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about gender differences in perceptions of coping and social support among @entity0 who have experienced @entity2 . RATIONALE: @entity0 with @entity1 have physical, social and medical disadvantages compared with their male counterparts, which can influence their perception of recovery after cardiac events. No review has been found which focuses on gender differences in coping and social support in @entity2 @entity0 . METHOD: A computerized search was conducted using the keywords ' @entity2 ', 'coping', 'gender differences' and 'social support'. Forty-one articles, published between 1990 and October 2002, were scrutinized. FINDINGS: Two studies report that @entity0 used more coping strategies than @entity0 . Several qualitative studies found that @entity0 used a variety of coping strategies. @entity0 minimized the impact of the disease, tended to delay in seeking treatment and did not want to bother others with their health problems. Household activities were important to them and aided their recovery. @entity0 were more likely to involve their spouses in their recovery, and resuming work and keeping physically fit were important to them. @entity0 tended to report that they had less social support up to 1 year after a @entity2 compared with @entity0 . They received less information about the disease and rehabilitation and experienced lack of belief in their heart problems from caregivers. Further, they received less assistance with household duties from informal caregivers. @entity0 tended to report more support from their spouses than did @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Traditional gender-role patterns may influence the recovery of @entity0 who have experienced @entity2 . Caregivers may need to be more sensitive to gender-specific needs with regard to risk profiles, social roles, and the @entity0 's own role identity. For many @entity0 , especially older ones, household duties and family responsibilities may be an opportunity and a base for cardiac rehabilitation.

title: XXXX : gender differences in coping and social support.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity3 (AP) is a state of @entity1 . It has been widely known that neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) to platelet ratio (RPR) reflect systemic @entity1 . The aim of this study is to investigate whether these inflammatory markers could be used as reliable markers in early prediction of AP in pregnancy and if there is a relationship between disease severity and these markers. METHODS: The study group consisted of 14 @entity0 , who developed AP in ongoing pregnancy, and the control group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant @entity0 . NLR, PLR and RPR were calculated for both the groups. RESULTS: NLR was significantly elevated in the AP group when compared with the controls (p   =   0.00), but there was no statistically significant difference in terms of PLR and RPR (p   >   0.05). ROC curve analysis results for NLR showed that there was a significant prediction power of NLR for AP (R(2)   =   0.842; p   <   0.001). For NLR parameter, if cut-off value is chosen to be 4.1030, then sensitivity is 71.4% and specificity is 100.0%. There was statistically significant and positive correlation between @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 with NLR (p   =   0.001, p   =   0.043). It was seen that Ranson was close to be significant (p   =   0.051). CONCLUSION: NLR might be used as an early marker of AP and may have a role in prediction of disease severity.

title: Evaluation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and red blood cell distribution width-platelet ratio as early predictor of acute XXXX in pregnancy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to explore the wavelength dependence of welding efficacy. Ex vivo samples of @entity0 and porcine aorta and skin tissues were investigated using a tunable @entity2 :yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser. BACKGROUND DATA: Tissue welding is possible using laser light in the NIR spectral range. Collagen bonding in the tissue induced by thermal, photothermal, and photochemical reactions-or a combination of all of these-is thought to be responsible for tissue welding. Laser tissue welding (LTW) has gained success in the laboratory using animal models. Transition from laboratory to clinical application requires the optimization of welding parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A near-infrared (NIR) @entity2 :YAG laser was used to weld ex vivo samples of @entity0 and porcine aorta and skin at wavelengths from 1430 to 1470 nm. Welding efficacy was monitored by measuring the tensile strength of the welded tissue and the extent of collateral tissue damage. Tensile strengths were measured using a digital force gauge. Changes in tissue morphology were evaluated using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fluorescence imaging of the welded areas was also used to evaluate molecular changes following tissue welding. RESULTS: Full-thickness tissue bonding was observed with porcine aorta samples. No collateral damage of the aorta samples was observed. Tissue denaturation was observed with @entity0 aorta, @entity0 skin, and porcine skin samples. The optimum tensile strength for porcine and @entity0 aorta was 1.33 +/- 0.15 and 1.13 +/- 0.27 kg/cm2, respectively, at 1460 nm, while that for porcine and @entity0 skin was 0.94 +/- 0.15 and 1.05 +/- 0.19 kg/cm2, respectively, achieved at 1455 nm. The weld strength as a function of wavelength demonstrated a correlation with the absorption spectrum of water. Fluorescence imaging of welded aorta and skin demonstrated no significant changes in collagen and @entity1 emission at the weld site. CONCLUSION: The observation that welding strength as a function of wavelength follows the absorption bands of water suggests that absorption of light by water plays a significant role in laser tissue welding.

title: Aorta and skin tissues welded by near-infrared XXXX :YAG laser.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: @entity3 , also termed @entity4 ( @entity4 ), is characterized by cessation of menstruation before the age of 40 years. Pathogenetic mechanisms are not so clear, particularly genetic implications of cellular apoptosis. Diagnostic approach is multifactorial and therapy depends on the pregnancy wish. METHODS: Eight hundred and thirty @entity0 approached the Menopausal Center of the University Department of Gynaecological, Obstetrical and Reproductive Sciences of the Second University of Naples between October 1998 and October 2002. All @entity0 were clinically investigated and selected on the basis of menopausal age, pregnancy wish and @entity3 . RESULTS: Menopausal mean age was 48.31+/-4.62 years and 32 @entity0 (4%) were affected by @entity4 because of menopausal appearance before the age of 40. Three of these @entity0 were treated to have a pregnancy; the remaining 29 required medical treatment to reduce menopausal symptoms. The @entity1 risk for @entity3 @entity0 was similar to the other @entity0 . The cardiovascular risk was increased because of an increase in risk factors in @entity4 @entity0 . No breast or endometrial pathology was revealed and therapy compliance was satisfactory without any drop-out. CONCLUSION: @entity4 has a varied etiology, pathogenetic aspects, clinical evolution and therapeutical approach. Adequate treatment of @entity3 @entity0 presents good compliance, resolution of @entity2 when required and a successful resolution of menopausal symptoms.

title: XXXX . Clinical evaluation of 32 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Blood cultures were performed on 891 @entity0 (aged 1 month-16 years) who presented at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) with presumed diagnosis of @entity1 , over a three year period (January 1994-December 1996) in order to determine the predominant bacterial agents. One hundred and thirty-nine (15.6%) out of 891 blood cultures were positive. Five of the blood cultures yielded double isolates. Staph. aureus was the commonest bacterial agent isolated and accounted for 36.0%, of all the isolates. @entity4 spp and @entity7 spp each accounted for 18.7% and 15.8% respectively. Other bacterial agents isolated included @entity2 7.9%, coliforms (untyped) 6.5%, Pseudomonas spp 3.6%, Proteus spp 2.2% and, miscellaneous organisms 9.3%. Ninety-six percent, 84.0% and 81.0% of @entity7 spp., Staph. aureus and @entity4 spp. isolated were sensitive to @entity3 respectively. Forty percent of the Staph. aureus isolated was resistant to @entity5 . Two (1.7%) of the Staph aureus isolated were resistant to all the antibiotics tested. With the exception of Pseudomonas spp (80.0% sensitive only to @entity6 ), sensitivity of most of the organisms to the third generation cephalosporins was generally excellent. It is concluded that @entity3 remains an effective drug in childhood septicaemi. Although the sensitivity to the third generation cephalosporins remains excellent, these drugs should be reserved for life-threatening cases and those that fail to respond to initial therapy with @entity3 .

title: Predominant bacterial agents of childhood XXXX in Jos.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the present collaborative study was to calibrate two candidate replacement standards for @entity2 vaccine for @entity0 use in the terms of the Second International Standard (IS) for @entity2 Toxoid, Adsorbed (TEXA-2) using challenge potency assays in @entity3 and @entity1 and to establish the 3rd IS and the Ph. Eur. BRP batch 2. Two test preparations (coded B and C) were included as candidate replacement for TEXA-2 and Ph. Eur. BRP batch 1 (EBRP-1). This project was run as a joint WHO/Ph. Eur. study. Twenty-seven laboratories representing nineteen countries participated in the study. Twenty-three laboratories performed assays in @entity1 (11 laboratories performed lethal, 11 @entity4 , and one serology assays) and fourteen laboratories performed assays in @entity3 (10 laboratories performed lethal and 4 @entity4 assays). Estimates of potency, expressed in ampoule of TEXA-2 per ampoule of candidate replacement standards were two-fold higher in @entity1 than in @entity3 . However, using the assumed relationship between TEXA-1 and TEXA-2 in @entity1 and @entity3 (Lyng and Nyerges, 1984), potency estimates for candidate replacement standards (sample coded B and C), in terms of TEXA-1, gives estimates which are similar in both animal models. Stability was assessed within the collaborative study for candidate standard B. On the basis of this collaborative study, the ECBS of WHO has established the candidate material coded B as the Third IS for @entity2 Toxoid, Adsorbed, with an assigned unitage of 469 IU/ampoule, based on its calibration by @entity3 challenge assays (WHO report BS/00.1932). Further studies were organised to assess which of the two candidate standards is most suitable as replacement for EBRP-1. Manufacturers were asked to include candidate B and candidate C in their routine quality control potency assays of @entity2 vaccines in order to assess the impact of the use of either preparation on their calibration results. The features and results of this additional phase are described at the end of this report in a separate section entitled "Choice of replacement batch for EBRP-1". Based on these results, at the session in March 2001, the Ph. Eur. Commission adopted candidate B as the @entity2 vaccine (adsorbed) Ph. Eur. BRP Batch 2 with assigned potencies of 469 IU/ampoule for the @entity3 assays and 496 IU/ampoule for the @entity1 assays.

title: Collaborative study for the establishment of XXXX vaccine (adsorbed) Third International Standard and European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparation batch no. 2.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the impact of different levels of risk of disease on a @entity1 's preferences for health states. @entity1 were provided with health scenarios incorporating different levels of lifetime risks for @entity0 , @entity3 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). In this way, we were able to determine the incremental effect of changes in risks of each disease on preference values. METHODS AND DATA: Preference values and utility scores were obtained for six health scenarios by both the feeling thermometer (FT) and standard gamble (SG) methods. Scenarios presented the different lifetime risks of @entity4 , @entity0 , and @entity3 associated with and not associated with long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and @entity5 . Risks of @entity0 were based on perceived risks and population risks. The sample population consisted of 40 healthy female volunteers aged between 45 and 65 years randomly selected from the Ottawa-Carleton district. RESULTS: Based on their perceived risk of @entity0 , the @entity1 had higher value scores for the @entity5 risk profile than for both HRT (p = .002) and no therapy (p = .003), with similar results for analyses based on population risks and from utility scores. Regression analysis showed that the risk of @entity0 (p < .001) was the only disease risk that was statistically significantly associated with @entity1 's preferences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 had significant preferences over the different risk profiles, primarily due to the incremental effect on changes in values for the risk of @entity0 . Therefore, studies evaluating therapies for @entity2 should consider @entity1 preferences for living with different risk profiles.

title: The impact of risk on preference values: implications for evaluations of XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Early-stage nondemented @entity2 ( @entity4 (es)) @entity0 can learn short but not long sequences as well as controls. We have previously shown that to achieve normal performance, @entity4 (es) @entity0 activated the same right-sided cortical regions as controls plus the homologous left sided cortex and bilateral cerebellum. In this study, we evaluated two related hypotheses to explain the @entity1 and the increased bilateral brain activation observed in the @entity4 (es) group. Hypothesis 1 proposed that @entity4 (es) @entity0 recruit regions from a normal bilateral network specialized for sequence learning that healthy controls would activate if performing difficult tasks. Thus, @entity4 (es) @entity0 can learn short sequences as well as controls. Hypothesis 2 proposed that information processing within the network in the @entity4 (es) group is impaired. Thus, @entity4 (es) @entity0 cannot learn as difficult a sequence as controls. To test hypothesis 1, we increased task difficulty and statistical power in the control group and showed that the control and the @entity4 (es) groups activated the same regions. To test hypothesis 2, we analyzed the equal performance data using two @entity3 ( @entity3 ) multivariate analyses. The task- @entity3 analysis showed that to perform equally with controls, the @entity4 (es) group expressed the normal bilateral network more than the control group. The behavior- @entity3 analysis showed that the correlation between learning performance and regional activation was significantly different between the groups. We conclude that @entity4 (es) @entity0 have near normal learning if task difficulty is moderate because they can recruit additional regions from a normal bilateral network specialized for sequence learning. However, when a difficult task would normally require bilateral activation, @entity4 (es) @entity0 fail to learn because information processing within the network is impaired. Hum. Brain Mapp. 20:246-258, 2003.

title: Early stage XXXX @entity0 and normal volunteers: comparative mechanisms of sequence learning.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Early-stage nondemented @entity2 ( @entity4 (es)) @entity0 can learn short but not long sequences as well as controls. We have previously shown that to achieve normal performance, @entity4 (es) @entity0 activated the same right-sided cortical regions as controls plus the homologous left sided cortex and bilateral cerebellum. In this study, we evaluated two related hypotheses to explain the @entity1 and the increased bilateral brain activation observed in the @entity4 (es) group. Hypothesis 1 proposed that @entity4 (es) @entity0 recruit regions from a normal bilateral network specialized for sequence learning that healthy controls would activate if performing difficult tasks. Thus, @entity4 (es) @entity0 can learn short sequences as well as controls. Hypothesis 2 proposed that information processing within the network in the @entity4 (es) group is impaired. Thus, @entity4 (es) @entity0 cannot learn as difficult a sequence as controls. To test hypothesis 1, we increased task difficulty and statistical power in the control group and showed that the control and the @entity4 (es) groups activated the same regions. To test hypothesis 2, we analyzed the equal performance data using two @entity3 ( @entity3 ) multivariate analyses. The task- @entity3 analysis showed that to perform equally with controls, the @entity4 (es) group expressed the normal bilateral network more than the control group. The behavior- @entity3 analysis showed that the correlation between learning performance and regional activation was significantly different between the groups. We conclude that @entity4 (es) @entity0 have near normal learning if task difficulty is moderate because they can recruit additional regions from a normal bilateral network specialized for sequence learning. However, when a difficult task would normally require bilateral activation, @entity4 (es) @entity0 fail to learn because information processing within the network is impaired. Hum. Brain Mapp. 20:246-258, 2003.

title: Early stage @entity2 XXXX and normal volunteers: comparative mechanisms of sequence learning.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Chronic @entity6 is becoming increasingly important with regard to the quality of life of the @entity0 and its social and economic impact, in terms of cost of hospitalization, @entity5 due to sick leave, and pharmaceutical costs for treatments which fail to offer either significant clinical improvement or resolution of the @entity2 symptoms. The main symptom is chronic @entity6 , which may vary in intensity and may be associated with @entity9 and episodes of @entity4 , when the clinical picture evolves toward one of subocclusion or total occlusion of the bowel. We considered the following criteria in our selection of @entity0 for this study: 1) quality of life, 2) constant use of antispastic and analgesic medications, 3) absence of any other diagnosticable pathology prior to the operation. From August 1992 to April 2000 we operated on 105 @entity0 with this syndrome (16 males and 89 females). Among these 8 @entity0 had never been subjected to a laparotomy, while 97 had previously undergone surgical procedures (126 laparotomies). In the first 85 @entity0 in the series (81%) we used a 10 mm laparoscope (0-30 degrees) to evaluate the presence of @entity10 based on the type of surgery the @entity0 had undergone previously, as well as the location of the @entity2 reported by the @entity0 . In 41 cases (48.2%) the @entity7 was obtained with the Veress needle. In another 44 cases (51.8%) the Hasson technique was used. Since June 1999, we have carried out the exploration of the abdominal cavity in 20 @entity0 (19%) using a trocar and 2.2 mm laparoscope in the left hypochondrium along with a mini-trocar placed either in the right or left flank. (The positioning of the trocars depended on the previous surgical procedures performed). The exploration included inspection of the abdominal cavity. In 8 of the @entity0 the procedure was carried out under local anaesthesia We performed laparoscopic adhesiolysis in 93 cases; in 7 cases no signs of @entity8 were seen, while in another 5 cases it was necessary to convert the original laparoscopic procedure to a laparotomy. The types of @entity8 found were fine-filmy (46%), dense-vascularised (46%), and cohesive (16%). In 6 cases during lysis of the @entity8 complications of @entity1 occurred, which required laparotomic repair. In 5 cases we diagnosed a pathological condition which was not suspected. The average postoperative hospital stay was 2 days (range: 1-7); no major @entity3 were noted. In the course of the follow-up of 78 @entity0 over an average of 37 months (range: 6-72) the results obtained were as follows; 47 @entity0 (60.2%) had complete @entity2 relief, 18 @entity0 (23.1%) had partial @entity2 relief, and the remaining 13 @entity0 (16.7%) had no significant @entity2 relief. Laparoscopic exploration in @entity0 with chronic @entity6 is technically feasible in a simple manner in most @entity0 . By means of careful and accurate preoperative selection of the @entity0 partial if not complete @entity2 relief can be achieved in a high percentage of cases (83.3% in our series).

title: [Impact of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The amygdala has a central role in processing emotions, particularly fear. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) amygdala activation has been demonstrated outside of conscious awareness using masked emotional faces. METHODS: We applied the masked faces paradigm to @entity0 with @entity1 (n = 11) and matched control subjects (n = 11) during fMRI to compare amygdala activation in response to masked emotional faces before and after antidepressant treatment. Data were analyzed using left and right amygdala a priori regions of interest, in an analysis of variance block analysis and random effects model. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity0 had exaggerated left amygdala activation to all faces, greater for fearful faces. Right amygdala did not differ from control subjects. Following treatment, @entity0 had bilateral reduced amygdala activation to masked fearful faces and bilateral reduced amygdala activation to all faces. Control subjects had no differences between the two scanning sessions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity0 have left amygdala hyperarousal, even when processing stimuli outside conscious awareness. Increased amygdala activation normalizes with antidepressant treatment.

title: Increased amygdala response to masked emotional faces in XXXX subjects resolves with antidepressant treatment: an fMRI study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence that a pathological process in spermatogonial proliferation and apoptosis may participate in developing @entity4 of @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN: Case-controlled retrospective analysis. SETTING: University-based @entity3 clinic. @entity0 (S): Thirty-four @entity0 with idiopathic @entity4 . INTERVENTION(S): Collecting blood samples for measurement of hormones and performing testicular biopsy for assessment of spermatogenesis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The expression of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of spermatogonia and the frequency of apoptosis of spermatogonia demonstrated by the in situ DNA 3'-end-labeling method were investigated to determine the degree of cell degeneration. RESULT(S): We could classify 34 @entity1 @entity0 into four subgroups according to spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation. No significant difference in the expression of @entity2 was demonstrated between these four groups and the control group. In all groups, the balance of spermatogonial proliferation ( @entity2 -positive rate) to apoptosis was significantly lower than that of the control group. CONCLUSION(S): It was demonstrated that accelerated apoptosis, rather than proliferative dysfunction in the mitotic phase, may induce the decreased number of spermatogonia in @entity4 . These findings suggest that disorders of the control and regulation of apoptosis may participate in the pathogenesis of idiopathic @entity4 .

title: Spermatogonial proliferation and apoptosis in XXXX associated with nonobstructive azoospermia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity3 (DLT) of twice-weekly @entity2 (TW-G) when administered in conjunction with fixed dose @entity10 (A) during external radiotherapy (RT) in @entity0 with advanced @entity6 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten @entity0 with previously untreated, locally advanced, or asymptomatic-metastatic @entity6 were enrolled in this study. RT was delivered by using the standard four-field technique (1.8 Gy daily fractions, 45 Gy followed by a boost of 5.4 Gy, in 5-1/2 weeks). The starting dose of TW-G was 60 mg/m(2) (i.v., 30-min infusion), which is equal to the upper limit of previously reported MTD of TW-G when given without A during RT. A was given just before the TW-G, at a fixed dose of 340 mg/m(2) (i.v., rapid infusion). TW-G doses were escalated by 30-mg/m(2) increments in successive cohorts of 3 to 6 additional @entity0 until DLT was observed. @entity3 were graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and National @entity1 Institute Common @entity3 Criteria, version 2.0. RESULTS: In general, therapy was well tolerated in @entity0 treated at the first two dose levels of 60 mg/m(2) and 90 mg/m(2). The DLT of TW-G given in conjunction with A during RT were @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity4 / @entity5 at the dose level of 120 mg/m(2). Of the 10 @entity0 eligible for a median follow-up of 10 months, 5 remain alive; 1 complete responder, 3 partial responders, and 1 with stable disease. CONCLUSION: A dose of TW-G at a level of 90 mg/m(2) produced tolerable @entity3 and it may possess significant activity when delivered in conjunction with 340 mg/m(2) dose of A during RT of the upper abdomen. Due to the higher MTD of TW-G seen in our study, we consider that the A supplementation may optimize the therapeutic index of TW-G-based chemoradiotherapy protocols in @entity0 with @entity9 .

title: Radiation therapy and concurrent fixed dose @entity10 with escalating doses of twice-weekly gemcitabine in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity3 (DLT) of twice-weekly @entity2 (TW-G) when administered in conjunction with fixed dose @entity10 (A) during external radiotherapy (RT) in @entity0 with advanced @entity6 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten @entity0 with previously untreated, locally advanced, or asymptomatic-metastatic @entity6 were enrolled in this study. RT was delivered by using the standard four-field technique (1.8 Gy daily fractions, 45 Gy followed by a boost of 5.4 Gy, in 5-1/2 weeks). The starting dose of TW-G was 60 mg/m(2) (i.v., 30-min infusion), which is equal to the upper limit of previously reported MTD of TW-G when given without A during RT. A was given just before the TW-G, at a fixed dose of 340 mg/m(2) (i.v., rapid infusion). TW-G doses were escalated by 30-mg/m(2) increments in successive cohorts of 3 to 6 additional @entity0 until DLT was observed. @entity3 were graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and National @entity1 Institute Common @entity3 Criteria, version 2.0. RESULTS: In general, therapy was well tolerated in @entity0 treated at the first two dose levels of 60 mg/m(2) and 90 mg/m(2). The DLT of TW-G given in conjunction with A during RT were @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity4 / @entity5 at the dose level of 120 mg/m(2). Of the 10 @entity0 eligible for a median follow-up of 10 months, 5 remain alive; 1 complete responder, 3 partial responders, and 1 with stable disease. CONCLUSION: A dose of TW-G at a level of 90 mg/m(2) produced tolerable @entity3 and it may possess significant activity when delivered in conjunction with 340 mg/m(2) dose of A during RT of the upper abdomen. Due to the higher MTD of TW-G seen in our study, we consider that the A supplementation may optimize the therapeutic index of TW-G-based chemoradiotherapy protocols in @entity0 with @entity9 .

title: Radiation therapy and concurrent fixed dose XXXX with escalating doses of twice-weekly gemcitabine in advanced @entity6 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: There is increasing evidence that fish oil-enriched diets attenuate the progression of several types of @entity0 and experimental renal, intestinal and @entity3 , including @entity4 . @entity12 ( @entity13 ), may be one of the active biological component. We previously reported that dietary @entity13 suppressed the progression of @entity4 in @entity2 -prone spontaneously @entity4 @entity1 (SHRSP). The purpose of this study is to clarify the in vitro effect of @entity13 on cultured smooth muscle cell functions such as cell growth, @entity7 , NO release, and intracellular @entity5 metabolism, which are involved in the regulatory mechanisms of vascular tone. Addition of @entity13 to the culture medium of aortic smooth muscle cells isolated from SHRSP and normotensive @entity1 Kyoto @entity1 (WKY) had no significant effects on cell growth or on cell @entity7 induced by @entity8 as measured by flow cytometry. @entity13 had no stimulatory effect on @entity11 (10 ng/ml)-induced @entity6 release from smooth muscle cells of SHRSP, but rather slightly inhibited it. However, the treatment of smooth muscle cells with @entity13 (30 microM) for 2 days significantly suppressed the increase in intracellular @entity5 concentration induced by @entity8 , but not by @entity9 . This was due to the suppression of @entity5 influx, as determined by @entity10 influx experiment. These results indicate that @entity13 specifically suppresses @entity5 mobilization into smooth muscle cells. This may be one of the mechanisms by which dietary @entity13 prevents the development of @entity4 in SHRSP.

title: Effect of XXXX on smooth muscle cell functions.

answer: @entity12


abstract: The paper examines the informational value of positron emission tomography (PET) using 18FDG in the diagnosis of @entity1 of the pancreas and in the estimation of the extent of a metastatic involvement. Forty-four @entity0 (26 males and 18 females whose age ranged from 28 to 60 years) with histologically verified @entity3 were examined. The study was conducted in the whole body mode on an Ecat Exact 47 positron emission tomograph following 70-90 minutes of administration of @entity2 , 370-420 MBk. To assess the findings, the differential accumulation ratio (DAR) of formation/liver was calculated. The mean DAR in @entity0 with benign and malignant @entity3 was 1.17 +/- 0.064 and 4.90 +/- 0.3 (p < 0.05). There was a false positive case in a @entity0 with an exacerbation of chronic @entity3 in the study. A relationship was observed between the level of @entity1 tissue 18FDG capture and the degree of @entity1 . PET scanning in the whole body mode estimates the extent of a tumorous process. The authors' data show that the liver was most commonly involved in a metastatic process (96.6%). Hence, 18FDG PET is a highly informative technique in the diagnosis of malignant @entity3 and in the estimation of the extent of a metastatic process and permits a differential diagnosis between benign and @entity1 .

title: [Assessment of 18FDG PET for diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and methodology of the Morelos HPV Study. The main objective of this study is to examine the use of two different methods for obtaining HPV DNA specimens, self-collected vaginal and clinician-collected cervical, to detect pre-invasive @entity2 and @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted within the regular population-based framework of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) @entity1 screening program in Morelos. A total of 7,868 @entity0 were recruited between May and October 1999 and are representative of the population of @entity0 attending @entity1 screening services at the 23 IMSS clinics in the state of Morelos in 1999. @entity0 were provided with a detailed description of the study before signing an informed consent form. Basic data were obtained from all @entity0 using a standard IMSS registration form. During the initial recruitment visit, a randomly selected subsample of 1,069 @entity0 were interviewed to collect additional information about @entity1 risk factors, acceptability of the HPV and Pap tests, as well as @entity0 costs. Before the pelvic exam, @entity0 were asked to provide a self-collected vaginal specimen for HPV testing. All @entity0 underwent a pelvic examination that involved collecting a cervical sample for the Pap smear and a clinician-collected HPV specimen. Data were evaluated from 7,732 @entity0 with complete information for the three tests. The 1,147 @entity0 who received at least one positive result (Pap, self- and/or clinician-HPV tests) were invited to return for a colposcopic examination. During colposcopy, biopsies were taken as appropriate, to histologically confirm a diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) 2/3 or invasive @entity1 . A total of 1,015 @entity0 attended colposcopy, and 101 @entity0 received a histologically-confirmed @entity4 2/3 or @entity1 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The initial enrollment activities of the Morelos HPV study are the basis for a prevalent case-control study and a prospective cohort study that will investigate the natural history of @entity3 and determine if an HPV-based screening strategy is a safe and cost-effective alternative to Pap screening. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

title: Design and methods of the evaluation of an HPV-based XXXX screening strategy in Mexico: The Morelos HPV Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated long-term clinical outcomes and postoperative physiological findings in acutely @entity4 @entity0 with nonmissile surgical intraparenchymal @entity3 and @entity5 who received early preoperative high-dose @entity6 (HDM) versus conventional dose @entity6 treatment in the emergency room. METHODS: One hundred forty-one adult @entity0 with traumatic, nonmissile, acute, intraparenchymal @entity3 associated with early @entity5 were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive emergency preoperative intravenous HDM treatment (approximately 1.4 g/kg; 72 @entity0 ) and were compared with a control group that was treated with a lower preoperative @entity6 dose (approximately 0.7 g/kg; 69 @entity0 ). RESULTS: Early preoperative improvement of abnormal bilateral pupillary widening was significantly more frequent in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.03). The same was true for abnormal unilateral pupillary widening (P < 0.01). Early HDM treatment in the emergency room was also associated with significantly better 6-month clinical outcomes (P < 0.005). The two groups of @entity0 were well matched with respect to diameter of the @entity3 (approximately 4 cm) as well as timing of clot removal (approximately 2.5 hours after injury). Postoperative physiological findings revealed statistically significant between-group differences, with higher intracranial pressure and lower cerebral extraction of @entity1 (global relative cerebral hyperperfusion) in the control group than in the HDM group. @entity7 (abnormally low arteriojugular lactate difference values) was rare and was found for less than 3% of the @entity0 in both groups. CONCLUSION: Early preoperative HDM administration in the emergency room was associated with improved clinical outcomes for @entity4 @entity0 with acute, nonmissile, intraparenchymal @entity3 and associated @entity5 . Early improvement of bilateral or unilateral @entity5 and better postoperative control of intracranial @entity2 and associated global relative cerebral hyperperfusion seemed to be relevant factors that were related to improved outcomes.

title: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of XXXX for intraparenchymal @entity3 with @entity5 : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated long-term clinical outcomes and postoperative physiological findings in acutely @entity4 @entity0 with nonmissile surgical intraparenchymal @entity3 and @entity5 who received early preoperative high-dose @entity6 (HDM) versus conventional dose @entity6 treatment in the emergency room. METHODS: One hundred forty-one adult @entity0 with traumatic, nonmissile, acute, intraparenchymal @entity3 associated with early @entity5 were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive emergency preoperative intravenous HDM treatment (approximately 1.4 g/kg; 72 @entity0 ) and were compared with a control group that was treated with a lower preoperative @entity6 dose (approximately 0.7 g/kg; 69 @entity0 ). RESULTS: Early preoperative improvement of abnormal bilateral pupillary widening was significantly more frequent in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.03). The same was true for abnormal unilateral pupillary widening (P < 0.01). Early HDM treatment in the emergency room was also associated with significantly better 6-month clinical outcomes (P < 0.005). The two groups of @entity0 were well matched with respect to diameter of the @entity3 (approximately 4 cm) as well as timing of clot removal (approximately 2.5 hours after injury). Postoperative physiological findings revealed statistically significant between-group differences, with higher intracranial pressure and lower cerebral extraction of @entity1 (global relative cerebral hyperperfusion) in the control group than in the HDM group. @entity7 (abnormally low arteriojugular lactate difference values) was rare and was found for less than 3% of the @entity0 in both groups. CONCLUSION: Early preoperative HDM administration in the emergency room was associated with improved clinical outcomes for @entity4 @entity0 with acute, nonmissile, intraparenchymal @entity3 and associated @entity5 . Early improvement of bilateral or unilateral @entity5 and better postoperative control of intracranial @entity2 and associated global relative cerebral hyperperfusion seemed to be relevant factors that were related to improved outcomes.

title: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of @entity6 for intraparenchymal XXXX with @entity5 : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated long-term clinical outcomes and postoperative physiological findings in acutely @entity4 @entity0 with nonmissile surgical intraparenchymal @entity3 and @entity5 who received early preoperative high-dose @entity6 (HDM) versus conventional dose @entity6 treatment in the emergency room. METHODS: One hundred forty-one adult @entity0 with traumatic, nonmissile, acute, intraparenchymal @entity3 associated with early @entity5 were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive emergency preoperative intravenous HDM treatment (approximately 1.4 g/kg; 72 @entity0 ) and were compared with a control group that was treated with a lower preoperative @entity6 dose (approximately 0.7 g/kg; 69 @entity0 ). RESULTS: Early preoperative improvement of abnormal bilateral pupillary widening was significantly more frequent in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.03). The same was true for abnormal unilateral pupillary widening (P < 0.01). Early HDM treatment in the emergency room was also associated with significantly better 6-month clinical outcomes (P < 0.005). The two groups of @entity0 were well matched with respect to diameter of the @entity3 (approximately 4 cm) as well as timing of clot removal (approximately 2.5 hours after injury). Postoperative physiological findings revealed statistically significant between-group differences, with higher intracranial pressure and lower cerebral extraction of @entity1 (global relative cerebral hyperperfusion) in the control group than in the HDM group. @entity7 (abnormally low arteriojugular lactate difference values) was rare and was found for less than 3% of the @entity0 in both groups. CONCLUSION: Early preoperative HDM administration in the emergency room was associated with improved clinical outcomes for @entity4 @entity0 with acute, nonmissile, intraparenchymal @entity3 and associated @entity5 . Early improvement of bilateral or unilateral @entity5 and better postoperative control of intracranial @entity2 and associated global relative cerebral hyperperfusion seemed to be relevant factors that were related to improved outcomes.

title: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of @entity6 for intraparenchymal @entity3 with XXXX : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the expression of certain growth factors and/or structural proteins is correlated with the biological behavior of cranial base @entity4 . METHODS: The study investigated 14 pathological specimens of cranial base @entity4 from @entity0 who were monitored for at least 2 years after their initial operations. Some cases involved @entity1 recurrences and multiple operations. For those @entity0 , the time to recurrence after each operation was recorded and a mean value was calculated. Nine @entity0 with mean times to recurrence of 24 months or more or with 24 months of follow-up monitoring without recurrence after single operations were designated the "good-prognosis" group. Five @entity0 with mean times to recurrence of less than 24 months were designated the "poor-prognosis" group. In each case, only the specimen from the initial operation was studied. Multiple sequential sections were cut from paraffin-embedded blocks of tissue and immunohistochemically prepared for detection of three growth factors and three structural proteins, i.e., basic fibroblast growth factor, @entity3 , @entity2 , fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen IV. Intensity of expression was graded by using a four-tier system (Grades 0, 1, 2, and 3). Levels of expression of the molecules in the two groups were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The mean @entity3 expression intensity grades for the good- and poor-prognosis groups were 0.8 and 2.6, respectively, and the corresponding mean basic fibroblast growth factor grades were 1.4 and 2.6. For both groups, the mean grade for @entity2 expression was 0.6. For fibronectin, the mean staining grades for the good- and poor-prognosis groups were 2.2 and 3.0, respectively. The corresponding mean intensities for collagen III were 1.1 and 0.8, and those for collagen IV were 2.5 and 2.6. CONCLUSION: Our descriptive data from immunohistochemical analyses of @entity4 suggest that high levels of @entity3 and basic fibroblast growth factor expression are linked to higher rates of recurrence. Strong fibronectin expression may also be a marker of aggressive biological behavior.

title: Expression of growth factors and structural proteins in XXXX : basic fibroblast growth factor, @entity3 , and fibronectin are correlated with recurrence.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the expression of certain growth factors and/or structural proteins is correlated with the biological behavior of cranial base @entity4 . METHODS: The study investigated 14 pathological specimens of cranial base @entity4 from @entity0 who were monitored for at least 2 years after their initial operations. Some cases involved @entity1 recurrences and multiple operations. For those @entity0 , the time to recurrence after each operation was recorded and a mean value was calculated. Nine @entity0 with mean times to recurrence of 24 months or more or with 24 months of follow-up monitoring without recurrence after single operations were designated the "good-prognosis" group. Five @entity0 with mean times to recurrence of less than 24 months were designated the "poor-prognosis" group. In each case, only the specimen from the initial operation was studied. Multiple sequential sections were cut from paraffin-embedded blocks of tissue and immunohistochemically prepared for detection of three growth factors and three structural proteins, i.e., basic fibroblast growth factor, @entity3 , @entity2 , fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen IV. Intensity of expression was graded by using a four-tier system (Grades 0, 1, 2, and 3). Levels of expression of the molecules in the two groups were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The mean @entity3 expression intensity grades for the good- and poor-prognosis groups were 0.8 and 2.6, respectively, and the corresponding mean basic fibroblast growth factor grades were 1.4 and 2.6. For both groups, the mean grade for @entity2 expression was 0.6. For fibronectin, the mean staining grades for the good- and poor-prognosis groups were 2.2 and 3.0, respectively. The corresponding mean intensities for collagen III were 1.1 and 0.8, and those for collagen IV were 2.5 and 2.6. CONCLUSION: Our descriptive data from immunohistochemical analyses of @entity4 suggest that high levels of @entity3 and basic fibroblast growth factor expression are linked to higher rates of recurrence. Strong fibronectin expression may also be a marker of aggressive biological behavior.

title: Expression of growth factors and structural proteins in @entity4 : basic fibroblast growth factor, XXXX , and fibronectin are correlated with recurrence.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The cytopathological findings after fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are not well defined. This is an important issue, once this procedure is the first step in nodule evaluation. This study evaluated FNAB findings and correlated these findings with histopathology in @entity0 subjected to thyroidectomy. Eleven clinically euthyroid female @entity0 (age range: 19 to 47 years) with @entity3 , satisfactory specimens from FNAB and negative antithyroid antibodies were studied. Seven @entity0 had autonomous nodules. The cytopathological findings were of follicular pattern suggestive of @entity1 in one case where the histopathological examination confirmed a follicular @entity2 . In all other 6 autonomous cases, the smears were suggestive of @entity6 and they had surgery due to compressive symptoms (n=4) or subclinical @entity5 (n=2). The histopathological results confirmed @entity6 in all except one who presented a follicular @entity2 . Four @entity0 had functioning thyroid nodules that suppressed their 1311 uptake after receiving T3. The cytopathological findings were considered malignant in one case surgically confirmed to be a @entity4 . In all other 3 non-autonomous cases, the smears were suggestive of @entity6 and they had surgery due to compressive symptoms (n=1), aesthetic reasons (n=11) or increase in nodule volume (n=1). The histopathological results confirmed @entity6 . In conclusion, FNAB was an accurate predictor of thyroid pathology in @entity3 without false-positive results in the present study.

title: Cytopathological findings from fine-needle aspiration biopsy are accurate predictors of thyroid pathology in XXXX with functioning thyroid nodules.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases in which abdominal sonography played a useful role in diagnosing @entity2 with early nodular hepatosplenic manifestations. METHODS: In the first case, an asymptomatic @entity0 with increased liver enzyme values underwent sonography, which showed multiple hypoechoic nodules in the liver and spleen. Computed tomography confirmed the hepatosplenic findings and showed micronodular infiltrates of both lung fields, without hilar and mediastinal @entity7 . In the second case, in a @entity0 with a cough, @entity6 , and increased liver enzyme levels, thoracic computed tomography showed right @entity5 causing partial @entity4 of the lower and middle lobes and mediastinal @entity7 . RESULTS: Sonography and computed tomography showed multiple nodules of the liver and spleen and @entity7 . In both cases, bronchoscopy, bronchial and bronchioloalveolar lavages, and transbronchial and mediastinal biopsies had negative results. Sonographically guided biopsy of the hepatic nodules was carried out and @entity3 were detected in the portal areas. After 3 months of @entity1 therapy, liver enzyme values nearly normalized, and sonography showed the disappearance of all abdominal lesions. The first @entity0 underwent control computed tomography, which confirmed the regression of the disease; the second @entity0 refused control computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 can occur with atypical onset, and in selected cases sonography may play a useful role in its diagnosis and follow-up.

title: Sonographically guided biopsy and sonographic monitoring in the diagnosis and follow-up of 2 cases of XXXX with hepatic nodules and inconclusive thoracic findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We previously showed that the oxidant @entity7 ( @entity8 -) was strongly mutagenic in the supF shuttle vector pSP189 replicated in bacteria or @entity0 cells. Qualitative characteristics of the mutational spectra induced by @entity8 - differed significantly from those reportedly caused by @entity6 radical ( @entity3 .) in other experimental systems but showed similarities to spectra reportedly produced by singlet @entity1 ( @entity4 ). The molecular mechanisms of @entity8 --mediated DNA damage are unknown. The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize mutational effects induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity3 * and @entity4 to permit direct comparison with mutational spectra induced by @entity8 - in this system. Base substitutions were the major form of mutation induced in plasmids replicated in @entity0 (AD293) cells by @entity8 - (84%) and @entity4 (71%), whereas @entity3 * induced fewer of them (49%). In plasmids replicated in bacteria ( @entity2 MBL50), frequencies of base substitutions induced by the three treatments were similar. G:C-to-T:A transversions were the most common form of base substitution induced by @entity8 - (75% and 67%, respectively, in AD293- and MBL50-replicated plasmids) and @entity4 (68% and 71%); they were induced at lower frequencies by @entity3 . (51% and 47%). G:C-to-C:G transversions or G:C-to-A:T transitions were induced at almost equal frequencies by both @entity8 - and @entity4 , whereas @entity3 * induced these mutations at different frequencies in the AD293 system. Collectively, our results confirm that in several important respects mutational spectra induced by @entity8 - have greater similarity to spectra induced by @entity4 than to those induced by @entity3 * and suggest that genotoxic derivatives of @entity8 - are likely to include species that have DNA-damaging properties resembling those of @entity4 in selectivity for @entity5 but not identical in sequence specificity.

title: Mutations induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity6 radical and singlet XXXX : relevance to @entity7 mutagenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We previously showed that the oxidant @entity7 ( @entity8 -) was strongly mutagenic in the supF shuttle vector pSP189 replicated in bacteria or @entity0 cells. Qualitative characteristics of the mutational spectra induced by @entity8 - differed significantly from those reportedly caused by @entity6 radical ( @entity3 .) in other experimental systems but showed similarities to spectra reportedly produced by singlet @entity1 ( @entity4 ). The molecular mechanisms of @entity8 --mediated DNA damage are unknown. The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize mutational effects induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity3 * and @entity4 to permit direct comparison with mutational spectra induced by @entity8 - in this system. Base substitutions were the major form of mutation induced in plasmids replicated in @entity0 (AD293) cells by @entity8 - (84%) and @entity4 (71%), whereas @entity3 * induced fewer of them (49%). In plasmids replicated in bacteria ( @entity2 MBL50), frequencies of base substitutions induced by the three treatments were similar. G:C-to-T:A transversions were the most common form of base substitution induced by @entity8 - (75% and 67%, respectively, in AD293- and MBL50-replicated plasmids) and @entity4 (68% and 71%); they were induced at lower frequencies by @entity3 . (51% and 47%). G:C-to-C:G transversions or G:C-to-A:T transitions were induced at almost equal frequencies by both @entity8 - and @entity4 , whereas @entity3 * induced these mutations at different frequencies in the AD293 system. Collectively, our results confirm that in several important respects mutational spectra induced by @entity8 - have greater similarity to spectra induced by @entity4 than to those induced by @entity3 * and suggest that genotoxic derivatives of @entity8 - are likely to include species that have DNA-damaging properties resembling those of @entity4 in selectivity for @entity5 but not identical in sequence specificity.

title: Mutations induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by XXXX radical and singlet @entity1 : relevance to @entity7 mutagenesis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We previously showed that the oxidant @entity7 ( @entity8 -) was strongly mutagenic in the supF shuttle vector pSP189 replicated in bacteria or @entity0 cells. Qualitative characteristics of the mutational spectra induced by @entity8 - differed significantly from those reportedly caused by @entity6 radical ( @entity3 .) in other experimental systems but showed similarities to spectra reportedly produced by singlet @entity1 ( @entity4 ). The molecular mechanisms of @entity8 --mediated DNA damage are unknown. The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize mutational effects induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity3 * and @entity4 to permit direct comparison with mutational spectra induced by @entity8 - in this system. Base substitutions were the major form of mutation induced in plasmids replicated in @entity0 (AD293) cells by @entity8 - (84%) and @entity4 (71%), whereas @entity3 * induced fewer of them (49%). In plasmids replicated in bacteria ( @entity2 MBL50), frequencies of base substitutions induced by the three treatments were similar. G:C-to-T:A transversions were the most common form of base substitution induced by @entity8 - (75% and 67%, respectively, in AD293- and MBL50-replicated plasmids) and @entity4 (68% and 71%); they were induced at lower frequencies by @entity3 . (51% and 47%). G:C-to-C:G transversions or G:C-to-A:T transitions were induced at almost equal frequencies by both @entity8 - and @entity4 , whereas @entity3 * induced these mutations at different frequencies in the AD293 system. Collectively, our results confirm that in several important respects mutational spectra induced by @entity8 - have greater similarity to spectra induced by @entity4 than to those induced by @entity3 * and suggest that genotoxic derivatives of @entity8 - are likely to include species that have DNA-damaging properties resembling those of @entity4 in selectivity for @entity5 but not identical in sequence specificity.

title: Mutations induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity6 radical and singlet @entity1 : relevance to XXXX mutagenesis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: Large-core needle biopsy (LCNB) has become a more widely used technique in the evaluation of @entity5 . This study was undertaken to access the accuracy of percutaneous LCNB on @entity5 and the impact on further proceeding. METHODS: A retrospective review of imaging-guided LCNB of 159 @entity5 was done. 143 LCNB were taken with ultrasound guided automated spring gun biopsy and 16 stereotactic-guided with vacuum-assisted biopsy device. Histology and morphobiological parameters were compared with subsequent material from surgery. RESULTS: In 113 core biopsies (71%), an infiltrating @entity0 was diagnosed, 5 biopsies (3%) yielded in-situ/atypical lesions and a benign lesion was shown in 38 cases (24%). In 3 cases, insufficient/necrotic material was obtained. 108 @entity1 underwent subsequent surgery. In 100/108 cases (93%), histology on LCNB and surgery was identical. LCNB was false negative in 5 core biopsies (5%). Immunhistochemical stains of hormone receptors, @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity7 was comparable on LCNB and on surgical material. Based on the results of LCNB, 17/113 @entity1 (15%) with infiltrating @entity2 were primarily treated with hormones or with neoadjuvant therapy. 32/38 @entity1 (84%) with benign lesions were followed up by imaging control. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with benign lesions on imaging, open biopsies can be avoided by LCNB. In @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity2 , therapy planning is improved. The addition of morphobiological parameters allows early individual treatment.

title: Large-core needle biopsy for diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative signs of discomfort and complications associated with use of @entity3 laser for onychectomy with those of the scalpel technique in @entity2 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, masked clinical trial. ANIMALS: 20 client-owned @entity2 . PROCEDURE: Forelimb feet (right, left) were randomly assigned to laser and scalpel treatment groups. Signs of discomfort ( @entity5 and signs of @entity1 ) and complications ( @entity4 , @entity0 , and discharge) were assessed on days 0, 1, and 7. Surgeries were performed by 1 experienced surgeon. Evaluations were performed by 2 individuals without knowledge of treatment group. Signs of discomfort and complications were scored on scales of 0 to 8 and 0 to 9, respectively. RESULTS: Onychectomy did not result in high discomfort or complication scores 1 day after surgery, regardless of technique used, although the laser-treated group had significantly lower scores for signs of discomfort and complications. Seven days after surgery, significant differences were not detected between groups for signs of discomfort or complications. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The @entity3 laser can be an excellent tool for onychectomy in @entity2 , with excellent hemostasis and minimal postoperative discomfort and complications. Differences in discomfort and complications between groups treated via scalpel versus @entity3 laser were not clinically relevant and were only observed 1 day after surgery.

title: Use of carbon dioxide laser for onychectomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest an association between ambient particulate matter and @entity4 in @entity0 . The mechanisms underlying these health effects are poorly understood. To better understand the potential relationship between particulate-matter-induced @entity3 and @entity5 , a 2-phase retrospective study was conducted. Phase one included the review of heart, lung, and kidney tissues from high-dose and control male B6C3F1 @entity2 exposed by inhalation to 9 particulate compounds for a 2-year period. The results showed that high-dose males developed significantly increased incidences of @entity1 over controls in 2 of the 9 studies ( @entity10 and @entity9 ), while marginal increases in @entity6 incidence was detected in 2 additional studies ( @entity8 and @entity7 ). In contrast, @entity6 of the muscular arteries of the lung was not observed. Morphological features of @entity6 in these studies included an influx of mixed inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Partial and complete effacement of the normal vascular wall architecture, often with extension of the inflammatory process into the periarterial connective tissue, was observed. Phase 2 evaluated the heart, lung, kidney, and mesentery of male and female B6C3F1 @entity2 from the 90-day studies of the 4 compounds demonstrating @entity6 after a 2-year period. The results showed @entity6 did not develop in the 90-day studies, suggesting that long-term chronic exposure to lower-dose metallic particulate matter may be necessary to induce or exacerbate @entity6 .

title: XXXX in male B6C3F1 @entity2 exposed to particulate matter by inhalation: studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest an association between ambient particulate matter and @entity4 in @entity0 . The mechanisms underlying these health effects are poorly understood. To better understand the potential relationship between particulate-matter-induced @entity3 and @entity5 , a 2-phase retrospective study was conducted. Phase one included the review of heart, lung, and kidney tissues from high-dose and control male B6C3F1 @entity2 exposed by inhalation to 9 particulate compounds for a 2-year period. The results showed that high-dose males developed significantly increased incidences of @entity1 over controls in 2 of the 9 studies ( @entity10 and @entity9 ), while marginal increases in @entity6 incidence was detected in 2 additional studies ( @entity8 and @entity7 ). In contrast, @entity6 of the muscular arteries of the lung was not observed. Morphological features of @entity6 in these studies included an influx of mixed inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Partial and complete effacement of the normal vascular wall architecture, often with extension of the inflammatory process into the periarterial connective tissue, was observed. Phase 2 evaluated the heart, lung, kidney, and mesentery of male and female B6C3F1 @entity2 from the 90-day studies of the 4 compounds demonstrating @entity6 after a 2-year period. The results showed @entity6 did not develop in the 90-day studies, suggesting that long-term chronic exposure to lower-dose metallic particulate matter may be necessary to induce or exacerbate @entity6 .

title: @entity5 in male B6C3F1 XXXX exposed to particulate matter by inhalation: studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In @entity3 joint good results are obtained using arthroscopic synovectomy or radiation synovectomy. Aim of our study was to investigate, whether the combination of these two minimal invasive interventions achieves better results. First we performed arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee joint followed by radiation synovectomy with application of 111-222 MBq Yttrium-90 6 weeks later. In a prospective randomised clinical trial between 1987 and 1991 we performed radiation synovectomy on 22 knee joints and combined arthroscopic and radiation synovectomy on 26 knee joints. We explored the @entity0 preoperatively, 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. In 1996 we evaluated 141 knee joints in a retrospective clinical trial. 90 @entity4 had been treated with the combined therapy, 39 only with radiation synovectomy and 12 only with arthroscopic synovectomy. Depending on the three different therapeutic interventions, the @entity0 were classified into midterm (3-5 years) and long-term (6-8 years) observation groups. The trials are based on the standardized @entity5 -Questionnaire of the knee joint, the modified @entity5 Knee-Score and the radiological grading according to Larsen, Dale and @entity6 . In the prospective clinical trial we found significant better results for @entity0 treated with the combined therapy than for @entity0 treated with radiation synovectomy only regarding the @entity1 , effusion, range of motion, @entity2 and Knee-Score. In the long-term results of the retrospective clinical trial the @entity0 treated with the combined therapy showed a significant better outcome for the @entity2 , swelling and Knee-Score, than the @entity0 treated with radiation synovectomy. Although no statistically significant difference was found comparing the results of the combined therapy with arthroscopic synovectomy, an improvement of the clinical outcome can be observed performing arthroscopic synovectomy followed by radiation synovectomy. In the treatment of @entity3 joint a better outcome is achieved performing combined arthroscopic and radiation synovectomy than performing only one of the methods.

title: [Combined arthroscopic and radiation synovectomy in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treating @entity0 with @entity2 or primary @entity1 , if a single agent cannot successfully control the pressure, additional medications may be prescribed. The cost of treatment may become expensive, especially with multiple drug therapy. Thus, prescribing techniques that help minimize costs may be beneficial to @entity0 when medically appropriate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in drug and visit costs after switching to latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy (LM) versus adding latanoprost 0.005% once daily (Lbeta) or @entity3 0.2% twice daily (Bbeta) in @entity0 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy alone. METHODS: This study included 148 consecutive qualified charts of @entity1 or @entity2 @entity0 within the first year of follow-up after switching from beta-blocker monotherapy to latanoprost or adding latanoprost or @entity3 . RESULTS: The Bbeta group demonstrated the highest costs per month, followed by the Lbeta group, then the LM group. A trend existed in the Lbeta group to a lower pressure than the Bbeta or the LM groups. A greater mean change in medication per @entity0 per month was seen in the Bbeta group compared to the latanoprost treatment groups. Additionally, a greater number of visits per month occurred in the Bbeta than in the LM and Lbeta groups. The Bbeta group also reported significantly more tearing and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in @entity0 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy, switching to latanoprost, when medically appropriate, may provide a further mean reduction in intraocular pressure and save costs compared to adding latanoprost or @entity3 .

title: An economic analysis of switching to latanoprost from a beta-blocker or adding @entity3 or latanoprost to a beta-blocker in @entity1 or XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treating @entity0 with @entity2 or primary @entity1 , if a single agent cannot successfully control the pressure, additional medications may be prescribed. The cost of treatment may become expensive, especially with multiple drug therapy. Thus, prescribing techniques that help minimize costs may be beneficial to @entity0 when medically appropriate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in drug and visit costs after switching to latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy (LM) versus adding latanoprost 0.005% once daily (Lbeta) or @entity3 0.2% twice daily (Bbeta) in @entity0 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy alone. METHODS: This study included 148 consecutive qualified charts of @entity1 or @entity2 @entity0 within the first year of follow-up after switching from beta-blocker monotherapy to latanoprost or adding latanoprost or @entity3 . RESULTS: The Bbeta group demonstrated the highest costs per month, followed by the Lbeta group, then the LM group. A trend existed in the Lbeta group to a lower pressure than the Bbeta or the LM groups. A greater mean change in medication per @entity0 per month was seen in the Bbeta group compared to the latanoprost treatment groups. Additionally, a greater number of visits per month occurred in the Bbeta than in the LM and Lbeta groups. The Bbeta group also reported significantly more tearing and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in @entity0 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy, switching to latanoprost, when medically appropriate, may provide a further mean reduction in intraocular pressure and save costs compared to adding latanoprost or @entity3 .

title: An economic analysis of switching to latanoprost from a beta-blocker or adding @entity3 or latanoprost to a beta-blocker in XXXX or @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treating @entity0 with @entity2 or primary @entity1 , if a single agent cannot successfully control the pressure, additional medications may be prescribed. The cost of treatment may become expensive, especially with multiple drug therapy. Thus, prescribing techniques that help minimize costs may be beneficial to @entity0 when medically appropriate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in drug and visit costs after switching to latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy (LM) versus adding latanoprost 0.005% once daily (Lbeta) or @entity3 0.2% twice daily (Bbeta) in @entity0 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy alone. METHODS: This study included 148 consecutive qualified charts of @entity1 or @entity2 @entity0 within the first year of follow-up after switching from beta-blocker monotherapy to latanoprost or adding latanoprost or @entity3 . RESULTS: The Bbeta group demonstrated the highest costs per month, followed by the Lbeta group, then the LM group. A trend existed in the Lbeta group to a lower pressure than the Bbeta or the LM groups. A greater mean change in medication per @entity0 per month was seen in the Bbeta group compared to the latanoprost treatment groups. Additionally, a greater number of visits per month occurred in the Bbeta than in the LM and Lbeta groups. The Bbeta group also reported significantly more tearing and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in @entity0 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy, switching to latanoprost, when medically appropriate, may provide a further mean reduction in intraocular pressure and save costs compared to adding latanoprost or @entity3 .

title: An economic analysis of switching to latanoprost from a beta-blocker or adding XXXX or latanoprost to a beta-blocker in @entity1 or @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to identify the incidence of prolonged travel among consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to investigate any differences in the patterns of traveller's @entity2 versus @entity3 's with no history of prolonged recent travel. METHODS: of 137 consecutive @entity0 , who were confirmed to have @entity3 by duplex ultrasonography, 36 were excluded because of either prolonged immobilisation or recent surgery. All @entity0 were asked whether they had travelled within 2 weeks for more than 3h. The presence of other classic risk factors for @entity3 was also recorded. @entity0 who were unlikely to travel as a result of prolonged immobility for more than 2 weeks and those who underwent surgery within 2 weeks were excluded from the study. The extent and location of thrombi was also verified by duplex scanning in each @entity0 . RESULTS: of 101 @entity0 , eligible for the final analysis, 15 (15%) claimed to have a recent travel, of whom 9 (9%) travelled by air. By comparison of a group of 106 @entity0 with similar symptoms at presentation, but who had negative duplex finding 12 (11%) had a history of prolonged travel (p=0.8, Fisher's exact test). Travel-related @entity3 occurred to a significantly younger age group than non travellers. Thirteen (87%) out of 15 @entity0 with travel-related @entity3 had another coexisting risk factor and 7 out of 10 @entity0 had a positive @entity1 screen. CONCLUSION: The majority of those with travel-related @entity3 had other concomitant risk factors and a high incidence of a positive @entity1 screen, suggesting that travel itself may act as an additive risk among those with pre-existing risk factors for @entity3 .

title: Characteristics of XXXX associated with prolonged travel.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: Presence of axillary lymph node @entity2 is considered the most important prognostic factor for @entity0 survival. In a period of increasing popularity for the sentinel node procedure, clarity about the possible relation between axillary dissection and survival is essential. This study investigated whether the total number of removed lymph nodes and the ratio of invaded/removed lymph nodes (lymph node ratio (LNR) would prove to be independent prognostic factors for survival. METHODS: Data from 453 consecutive @entity1 with stage I or II @entity0 were studied retrospectively. The total number of removed lymph nodes and the LNR were analysed for their prognostic value in comparison with known prognostic factors. RESULTS: Node-negative @entity1 with < 14 lymph nodes removed had a 10 year survival of 79% compared with 89% in @entity1 with > or = 14 lymph nodes removed (P=0.005). The 10 year survival for @entity1 with an LNR > or = 0.2 was 52%, compared with 73% for @entity1 with an LNR < 0.2 (P<0.0001). A Cox proportional hazards model showed that, for node-negative @entity1 , only age and total number of removed lymph nodes were significant prognostic factors. For node-positive @entity1 , age, total number of removed lymph nodes and the LNR were significant risk factors for survival outcome. The LNR was also significantly associated with the presence of distant @entity2 during follow-up (hazard ratio 3.56, range 1.63-7.77). CONCLUSIONS: In stage I and II @entity0 , a favourable prognosis was found for node-negative @entity1 with > or = 14 removed lymph nodes. Before axillary lymph node dissection with its well-defined survival prognosis is replaced by less invasive staging methods, long-term survival using new staging techniques needs to be defined. For node-positive @entity1 , the LNR proved to be an excellent predictor for survival outcome or development of @entity2 . Selection of lymph node-positive @entity1 based on the LNR may guide specific adjuvant treatment choices.

title: Axillary lymph node ratio and total number of removed lymph nodes: predictors of survival in stage I and II XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two litters of English cocker spaniels (ECSs) produced by @entity0 ( @entity0 ) carriers were evaluated to characterize the early features of this disease. Three puppies developed @entity0 . @entity2 , which began when these puppies were five-to-eight months old, was the first abnormality detected. @entity2 persisted while each puppy's growth rate slowed, and renal function gradually deteriorated. The interval from onset of @entity2 to development of @entity3 was two-to-nine months. Characteristic glomerular capillary basement membrane (GCBM) lesions were seen with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of renal biopsy specimens obtained during this interval. Ultrastructural GCBM lesions progressed substantially during the interval from biopsy to necropsy. However, routine light microscopic findings did not allow definitive diagnosis of @entity0 in either biopsy or necropsy specimens. Detection of @entity0 can be accomplished by screening at-risk ECSs for @entity2 . Renal biopsies are required to confirm the diagnosis in @entity1 for which @entity2 cannot be explained otherwise. Percutaneous needle biopsy specimens sufficient for TEM must be used to examine the GCBM to make a definitive diagnosis.

title: Early diagnosis of XXXX in English cocker spaniels.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previous animal models testing infantile reactivity to @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in maternal milk used @entity2 doses that vastly exceeded levels actually encountered in a mildly or moderately intoxicated dam. The present study assessed whether 12- and 16-day-old @entity1 are capable of detecting @entity2 in milk at levels actually recorded in an intoxicated dam. Experiment 1 determined representative levels of @entity2 in maternal milk as a function of maternal intragastric administration of @entity2 (0.5-3.0 g/kg). Experiment 2A assessed generalization of conditioned taste aversions accrued with a high level of @entity2 (6%) in either water or milk vehicles towards lower, more representative @entity2 levels obtained from Experiment 1. With body weight gain as the dependent measure, conditioned aversions to milk were evident with the milk vehicle, but there was no detection of @entity2 at any level at either age. Detection of the high level of @entity2 (6%) in milk, however, was observed by 16 day olds within an habituation paradigm (Exp. 2b) via cardiac and behavioral (locomotion, mouthing) indexes. In Experiment 3 application of Experiment 2's more sensitive, behavioral index to assess generalization of the conditioned taste aversions revealed detection of a lower, more representative concentration of @entity2 (175 mg%) in milk in 16-day-old @entity1 . Overall the results show that the unweaned @entity1 is capable of detecting very low concentrations of @entity2 in milk and can modify their behavior accordingly. The expression of this capability is not, however, homogeneous across different response indexes. In conjunction with prior research it is clear that the @entity0 @entity1 's perception of @entity2 in milk, including the very low levels of @entity2 found in maternal milk during mild or moderate intoxication, is a relevant experience for generating new responses towards @entity2 .

title: Behavioral detection of low concentrations of XXXX in milk in the preweanling @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previous animal models testing infantile reactivity to @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in maternal milk used @entity2 doses that vastly exceeded levels actually encountered in a mildly or moderately intoxicated dam. The present study assessed whether 12- and 16-day-old @entity1 are capable of detecting @entity2 in milk at levels actually recorded in an intoxicated dam. Experiment 1 determined representative levels of @entity2 in maternal milk as a function of maternal intragastric administration of @entity2 (0.5-3.0 g/kg). Experiment 2A assessed generalization of conditioned taste aversions accrued with a high level of @entity2 (6%) in either water or milk vehicles towards lower, more representative @entity2 levels obtained from Experiment 1. With body weight gain as the dependent measure, conditioned aversions to milk were evident with the milk vehicle, but there was no detection of @entity2 at any level at either age. Detection of the high level of @entity2 (6%) in milk, however, was observed by 16 day olds within an habituation paradigm (Exp. 2b) via cardiac and behavioral (locomotion, mouthing) indexes. In Experiment 3 application of Experiment 2's more sensitive, behavioral index to assess generalization of the conditioned taste aversions revealed detection of a lower, more representative concentration of @entity2 (175 mg%) in milk in 16-day-old @entity1 . Overall the results show that the unweaned @entity1 is capable of detecting very low concentrations of @entity2 in milk and can modify their behavior accordingly. The expression of this capability is not, however, homogeneous across different response indexes. In conjunction with prior research it is clear that the @entity0 @entity1 's perception of @entity2 in milk, including the very low levels of @entity2 found in maternal milk during mild or moderate intoxication, is a relevant experience for generating new responses towards @entity2 .

title: Behavioral detection of low concentrations of @entity3 in milk in the preweanling XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several kinds of @entity6 model in @entity0 have been developed. Variable @entity1 inductions are attributed to the different contributing factors in @entity8 formation. In the present study, we examined the differences in @entity1 induction attributed to chronic stage. Male @entity0 were subjected to two kinds of @entity6 model, a thermocoagulation and a photothrombosis model. We compared the changes in body weight, neurological outcome, size of @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity2 formation, and histological data for 84 days between a thermocoagulation and a photothrombosis model in @entity0 . Although the time courses of @entity5 formation were no different, there were differences in the time courses of @entity7 , @entity2 formation, and @entity3 between the models. Microinfarction formation was observed as a characteristic of the photothrombosis model. The present study demonstrated that differences in @entity1 induction did not affect maturation of @entity5 size, @entity4 , or @entity3 84 days after @entity1 . However, the progress of maturation was different between the models. The possibility that reperfusion contributed to the time course of @entity7 and @entity2 was considered, and it was suggested that @entity7 formation influenced neurological outcome.

title: Time courses of progress to the chronic stage of XXXX models in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Several kinds of @entity6 model in @entity0 have been developed. Variable @entity1 inductions are attributed to the different contributing factors in @entity8 formation. In the present study, we examined the differences in @entity1 induction attributed to chronic stage. Male @entity0 were subjected to two kinds of @entity6 model, a thermocoagulation and a photothrombosis model. We compared the changes in body weight, neurological outcome, size of @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity2 formation, and histological data for 84 days between a thermocoagulation and a photothrombosis model in @entity0 . Although the time courses of @entity5 formation were no different, there were differences in the time courses of @entity7 , @entity2 formation, and @entity3 between the models. Microinfarction formation was observed as a characteristic of the photothrombosis model. The present study demonstrated that differences in @entity1 induction did not affect maturation of @entity5 size, @entity4 , or @entity3 84 days after @entity1 . However, the progress of maturation was different between the models. The possibility that reperfusion contributed to the time course of @entity7 and @entity2 was considered, and it was suggested that @entity7 formation influenced neurological outcome.

title: Time courses of progress to the chronic stage of @entity6 models in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This prospective study was focused on the radiological features of @entity3 and the recent contribution of computerized tomographic scan (CT scan) to diagnosis of hospitalized @entity3 @entity0 . All @entity0 admitted for @entity3 to the Neurology Department of the Nouakchott Hospital between January 1, 1996 and June 30, 1997 were enrolled in this study. @entity0 were divided into two groups, i.e. CT group including @entity0 that underwent CT scan during hospitalization and control group including @entity0 that did not undergo CT scan for financial reasons. The etiology of @entity3 (35.1% of hospitalizations) was @entity2 in 52% of cases and @entity7 in 48%. There were more @entity0 than @entity0 and mean age was 60 years for @entity6 versus 56 years for @entity3 . Only 8% of @entity0 presented documented @entity1 . Deep @entity8 accounted for 52% of @entity6 including large-artery @entity8 in 61.2% and lacunar @entity8 in 38.8%. Superficial @entity8 usually involved the territory supplied by the superficial sylvian artery. Intraparenchymal @entity9 accounted for 78% of @entity3 in relation with the high incidence of arterial @entity4 (65.2%). The most common locations were capsulo-lenticular (55%) and capsulo-thalamic (39%). @entity3 -related mortality was high (20.3%) especially in @entity0 presenting @entity10 and @entity5 . By allowing more accurate assessment of lesions, CT-scan improved @entity0 management and therapeutic outcome.

title: [Contribution of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of XXXX in Nouakchott, Mauritania].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are essential for facilitated, directional nuclear transport; however, the mechanism by which ~30 different nucleoporins (nups) are assembled into NPCs is unknown. We combined a genetic strategy in @entity0 with Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) technology to identify mutants in @entity1 structure, assembly, and localization. To identify such mutants, a bank of temperature sensitive strains was generated and examined by fluorescence microscopy for mislocalization of GFP-tagged nups at the non-permissive temperature. RESULTS: A total of 121 mutant strains were isolated, with most showing GFP- @entity5 and @entity6 -GFP mislocalized to discrete, cytoplasmic foci. By electron microscopy, several mutants also displayed an expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Complementation analysis identified several mutant groups with defects in components required for ER/Golgi trafficking ( @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity3 ). By directed testing, we found that mutant alleles of all COPII components resulted in altered GFP-Nup localization. Finally, at least nine unknown complementation groups were identified that lack secretion defects. CONCLUSION: The isolation of sec mutants in the screen could reflect a direct role for vesicle fusion or the COPII coat during @entity1 assembly; however, only those sec mutants that altered ER structure affected Nup localization. This suggests that the GFP-Nup mislocalization phenotypes observed in these mutants were the indirect result of overproliferation of the ER and connected outer nuclear envelope. The identification of potentially novel mutants with no secretory defects suggests the distinct GFP-Nup localization defects in other mutants in the collection will provide insights into @entity1 structure and assembly.

title: Isolation and characterization of new XXXX mutants perturbed in nuclear pore complex assembly.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To search a sensitive parameter for the early diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHOD: A system of computerized image analysis was used to acquire images of the optic nerve head of @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and of normal @entity0 . Each of these groups contained 31 eyes of 31 cases. The mean relative depths of disc rim and cup at different areas in the optic nerve head were measured. All these @entity0 were followed up for four to six months, and the changes of the mean depths of every sector were compared between each pair of the three groups with statistic analysis. RESULTS: The mean depth of the neural rim and cup of each sector and that of total rim and total cup of @entity1 and @entity2 @entity0 were all deeper than that of normal controls. The mean depths of neural rim of the superior sector, inferior sector and the total rim area of @entity1 were deeper than that of @entity2 @entity0 . Compared to their first measurements, the changes of mean depths of neural rim of superior sector and total neural rim area of @entity1 @entity0 were more prominent than that of normal controls and @entity2 . We also compared the relative depth of the total rim area in the different areas in the optic nerve head with other two dimensional optic disc parameters such as cup/disc ratio, etc. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that three-dimensional stereoscopic measurement of the surface of optic nerve head and follow-up be of paramount importance in the early diagnosis of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: [Topographic stereoscopic measurements of optic disc in early XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To gather information about demographic characteristics, medical status, mode of Internet participation, and psychological well-being of @entity0 whose only outlets (OOs) for talking about @entity1 are Internet medical and support forums and to compare them with @entity0 who have additional outlets (AOs). DESIGN: Prospective Internet-based survey. SETTING: Website of a nonprofit international @entity1 organization. @entity0 (S): Five hundred eighty-nine @entity0 submitting fully completed surveys. INTERVENTION(S): Internet-based survey with 134 items. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Survey of types of Internet participation, benefits of participation, self-assessed ability to cope with aspects of @entity1 , perceived stress, perceived support from relatives and friends, and 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is an instrument designed to measure depressive symptomatology. RESULT(S): Only-outlet and AO @entity0 were comparable in their medical history and treatments. Only-outlet @entity0 had less formal education, were less wealthy, and more likely to be homemakers. Compared with AO @entity0 , OO @entity0 were more depressed and got less real-world support while feeling more supported on the Internet. CONCLUSION(S): Used properly, the Internet can help @entity0 facing @entity1 by educating, empowering, and diminishing their feelings of @entity2 . But the Internet can also be used inappropriately to withdraw from real-world interactions.

title: Use of the internet as the only outlet for talking about XXXX .

answer: @entity1