abstract: @entity8 , or Perthe's syndrome, is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by cervicofacial cyanosis, @entity9 , subconjunctival @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity5 . It affects both adults and @entity0 after blunt @entity5 . The diagnosis of this condition is based mainly on the specific clinical signs, which should immediately bring to mind the severity of the @entity2 , the various probable types of @entity4 , and the need for screening and careful assessment of other organs that might also be injured. In this report, we describe the case of a 39-year-old male who developed @entity8 after severe blunt @entity5 during his work at a construction site. The @entity0 had @entity6 to the chest, abdomen, head and neck, which were treated conservatively. An associated @entity2 was successfully treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery. This @entity0 is one of five @entity0 who were admitted to Saqr Hospital in the United Arab Emirates, diagnosed with @entity8 , and treated by mechanical ventilator, supportive measures, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, for both diagnostic and therapeutic indications, in our unit in the period between July 2006 and June 2013. As @entity8 is a @entity7 , careful assessment of the @entity0 and looking for other injuries is mandatory. Treatment usually involves supportive measures to the affected organs, but surgical intervention may sometimes prove to be an important part of the treatment. Bronchoscopy should be performed for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons because of the associated pulmonary and possible @entity2 .

title: @entity8 with XXXX :    a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10 is a rare @entity2 caused by dimorphic fungi @entity9 . The causative fungus persists in soil, infects through inhalation and manifests in three main types-acute primary, chronic cavitary and progressive disseminated @entity10 . @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is defined as a clinical condition where the fungus is present in more than one location. Among the forms of @entity10 , @entity10 is the rarest and mostly found in an immuno-compromised individual. Here we are presenting our experiences of the series of cases of @entity10 in immuno-competent individuals who have been diagnosed in our institute in last 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single centre retrospective observational study, conducted in Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, which is a referral centre for Eastern India, from May 2009 to April 2014. Only cases with @entity10 in otherwise healthy immuno-competent individuals were included in the study. The @entity10 was confirmed either by presence of Histoplasma in biopsy specimen from an extrapulmonary organ or by positive growth in fungal culture. RESULT: Total seven @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Five out of 7 @entity0 were male. The mean age was 35 years. Five of the 7 @entity0 presented with fever for a long duration. Six @entity0 complained of significant @entity1 before diagnosis. On examination, one @entity0 had skin nodules, five @entity0 had hepato- @entity3 , and two @entity0 had @entity11 . The laboratory investigations revealed @entity4 in six out of 7 @entity0 , and @entity8 in 3 @entity0 . Two @entity0 had features of the @entity13 in the bone marrow. All @entity0 were treated with conventional @entity7 deoxycholate and @entity12 antifungal. One @entity0 with adrenal involvement died in hospital. The @entity0 with skin nodule had recurrent relapses. The other @entity0 had resolution of symptoms and were clinically cured. CONCLUSION: @entity10 is not an uncommon aetiology of fever of prolonged duration even in immuno-competent individual and should be kept as a differential diagnosis. Targeted investigation through early bone marrow biopsy and fungal culture may help in the diagnosis of @entity10 . Imaging study to exclude adrenal involvement prevents case fatality. @entity5 may be due to a secondary @entity13 , which improves with anti-fungal therapy. Treatment with either @entity7 or @entity6 gives excellent outcome though therapy may have to be given for a prolonged period in case of relapses.

title: XXXX in Immunocompetent Individuals- not a so Rare Entity, in India.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity5 origin in close proximity to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) can hinder successful catheter ablation. We describe our approach with @entity2 in such instances. METHODS AND RESULTS: - @entity2 displacement via percutaneous pericardial access was attempted in 13 @entity0 (age 49  16y, 9 females) with either @entity4 ( @entity4 ; 6 @entity0 ) or @entity6 triggered from a superior vena cava focus (1 @entity0 ) adjacent to the right @entity2 or epicardial @entity7 ( @entity7 ) origin adjacent to the left @entity2 (6 @entity0 ). An epicardially placed steerable sheath/4mm-catheter combination (5 @entity0 ) or a vascular or an esophageal balloon (8 @entity0 ) was ultimately successful. Balloon placement was often difficult requiring manipulation via a steerable sheath. In 2 @entity7 cases, absence of @entity2 capture was achieved only once the balloon was directly over the ablation catheter. In 3 @entity4 @entity0 , @entity2 displacement was not possible with a balloon, however a steerable sheath/catheter combination was ultimately successful. @entity2 displacement allowed acute abolishment of all targeted @entity5 . No @entity1 occurred acutely or in follow up. Two @entity0 developed acute complications ( @entity3 1, pericardial bleeding 1). Survival free of target @entity5 was achieved in all @entity4 @entity0 , however a non-targeted @entity7 recurred in 1 @entity0 at a median of 13 months' follow up. CONCLUSIONS: - @entity5 originating in close proximity to the @entity2 can be targeted successfully with @entity2 displacement with an epicardially placed steerable sheath/catheter combination, or balloon, but this strategy can be difficult to implement. Better tools for @entity2 protection are desirable.

title: Epicardial Phrenic Nerve Displacement during Catheter Ablation of Atrial and XXXX : Procedural Experience and Outcomes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The syndinean dinoflagellate Euduboscquella costata @entity2 ., an intracellular parasite of the tintinnid ciliate Schmidingerella arcuata, was discovered from Korean coastal water in November of 2013. Euduboscquella costata parasitized in about 62% of the host population, with @entity0 intensity (= number of trophonts in a single host cell) ranging from 1 to 8. Based on morphology and nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, the parasite is new to science. Euduboscquella costata @entity2 . had an @entity0 cycle typical of the genus, but had morphological and developmental features that distinguished it from congeneric species. These features include: (1) episome of the trophont with 25-40 grooves converging toward the center of the shield; (2) a narrow, funnel-shaped lamina pharyngea extending from the margin of the episomal shield to the nucleus; (3) persistence of grooves during extracellular development (sporogenesis); (4) a single food vacuole during sporogenesis; (5) separation of sporocytes early in sporogenesis, regardless of type of spore formed; and (6) dinospore size (ca. 14   m in length) and shape (bulbous episome with narrower, tapering hyposome). After sporogenesis, E. costata produced four different types of spore that showed completely identical 18S rRNA gene sequences. The gene sequence was completely identical with a previously reported population, Euduboscquella sp. ex S. arcuata, from Assawoman Bay, USA, indicating that the two populations are likely conspecific. Favella ehrenbergii, a widely recorded tintinnid known to host Euduboscquella spp., co-occurred with S. arcuata, but was not infected by E. costata in field samples or during short-term, @entity1 experiments.

title: Euduboscquella costata XXXX . (Dinoflagellata, Syndinea), an Intracellular Parasite of the Ciliate Schmidingerella arcuata: Morphology, Molecular Phylogeny, Life Cycle, Prevalence, and Infection Intensity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 nomogram designed by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) is an online prediction tool to predict overall survival for individual @entity0 after curative resection. However, this model was never externally validated. We evaluated the accuracy of this nomogram in an independent external Chinese cohort. METHODS: Clinical data from 1005 @entity0 who underwent primary curative-intent surgery at Peking University Cancer Hospital _ Institute between 1996 and 2008 were used for external validation. Clinicopathologic characteristics and the performance of the MSKCC nomogram for prediction of overall survival were evaluated for 985 @entity0 with complete data by using concordance index (C-index) and calibration plot. RESULTS: The C-index for the MSKCC nomogram was 0.71 in the Chinese cohort, compared with 0.67 for American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P  <  .0001). This suggests that the nomogram discriminates overall survival better than AJCC staging system. Calibration plot showed a good calibration of the nomogram in the validation cohort. Furthermore, the MSKCC nomogram prediction illustrated the heterogeneity for survival of Chinese @entity0 within each AJCC stage. CONCLUSIONS: The MSKCC nomogram for @entity1 provides more accurate survival predictions than the AJCC staging system when applied to an external Chinese cohort. The MSKCC nomogram improved individualized prediction of survival and may aid in more accurate @entity0 counseling, selection of various treatment options, and follow-up scheduling.

title: Validation of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Nomogram to Predict Overall Survival After Curative Colectomy in a Chinese XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) may lead to complete @entity1 regression in @entity1 @entity0 . Prediction of complete response to nCRT may allow a personalized management of @entity1 and spare @entity0 from unnecessary radical total mesorectal excision with or without sphincter preservation. To identify a gene expression signature capable of predicting complete pathological response (pCR) to nCRT, we performed a gene expression analysis in 25 pretreatment biopsies from @entity0 who underwent 5FU-based nCRT using RNA-Seq. A supervised learning algorithm was used to identify expression signatures capable of predicting pCR, and the predictive value of these signatures was validated using independent samples. We also evaluated the utility of previously published signatures in predicting complete response in our cohort. We identified 27 differentially expressed genes between @entity0 with pCR and @entity0 with incomplete responses to nCRT. Predictive gene signatures using subsets of these 27 differentially expressed genes peaked at 81.8% accuracy. However, signatures with the highest sensitivity showed poor specificity, and vice-versa, when applied in an independent set of @entity0 . Testing previously published signatures on our cohort also showed poor predictive value. Our results indicate that currently available predictive signatures are highly dependent on the sample set from which they are derived, and their accuracy is not superior to current imaging and clinical parameters used to assess response to nCRT and guide surgical intervention.

title: Comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of gene expression signatures to predict complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and guide surgical intervention in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early access to Emergency Medical Services determines survival in out-of-hospital @entity2 . However, a significant proportion of adults do not know the emergency phone number (EN) and no intervention has been proposed to improve it. Therefore, we aimed to assess prospectively the effectiveness of single advice from a physician on knowledge of the EN in adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted among @entity0 of "Health, @entity1 and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe" study. A total of 942 @entity0 (aged 48-82 years) randomly selected from an urban population registry were interviewed and then instructed about the correct EN (the intervention group). After 12 months knowledge of the EN was assessed in the intervention group (n = 716) and in matched control group (n = 435). RESULTS: The correct EN was given by 498 (69.6%) @entity0 at baseline and in 550 (76.8%) @entity0 12 months afterwards (p< 0.001). At follow-up the knowledge of EN was higher by in intervention group than in controls (76.8% vs 70.6%, p = 0.02). Factors associated with better educational effect were male sex (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.04-2.1) and secondary or higher level of education (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.08-1.91). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that a single instruction about the EN from a physician increases its long-term knowledge and should be offered during medical visits. KEY WORDS: emergency number, single advice, population intervention.

title: Effectiveness of single medical advice on emergency phone numer knowledge in urban adult population - "Health, XXXX and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe" substudy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The challenges of comparative effectiveness to support health technology assessment (HTA) agencies are important considerations in the choices of antipsychotic medications for the treatment of @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to assess the study methods used and outcomes reported in the published literature to address the question of comparative effectiveness of newer antipsychotic agents and the adequacy and availability of evidence to support HTA agencies. DATA SOURCE: A systematic search of the PubMed database from 1 January 2009 to 30 September 2013 was conducted to identify studies evaluating new atypical antipsychotics reporting on comparative effectiveness. STUDY SELECTION: The systematic review comprised of studies on @entity1 @entity0 where at least two drugs were being compared and at least one treatment group received one of the following second-generation antipsychotics: @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity4 . The included studies were also required to have an efficacy, safety or economic outcome, such as Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score, @entity2 , resource utilization, or costs. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: Two reviewers (BW and GK) independently applied the inclusion criteria. Disagreements between reviewers were resolved by consensus, referring to the original sources. Information on the methodology and outcomes was collected for each included study. This included study description, head-to-head drug comparison, @entity0 population, study methodology, statistical methods, reported outcomes, study support, and journal type. RESULTS: A total of 198 studies were identified from electronic search methods. The largest category of studies was randomized controlled trials [RCTs] (N  =  73; 36.9  %), which were largely directed at the regulatory endpoint. Fewer studies were undertaken for HTA-purposes cohort studies (N  =  53; 26.8  %), meta-analyses (N  =  32; 16.2  %), economic studies (N  =  14; 7.1  %), and cross-sectional studies (N  =  13; 6.6  %). Direct head-to-head comparisons preferred by HTA were dominated by the comparison involving @entity3 and @entity5 , representing 149 (75.3  %) and 119 (60.1  %) studies, respectively. RCTs, which are the primary study type for regulatory submissions, showed a lack of bias. Studies aimed at HTA were not as well performed. Cohort studies suffered from bias in the selection of comparison groups, lack of control for confounders, and differential dropout rates. As a group, cross-sectional studies scored poorly for bias, with a primary failure to identify a representative sample. Economic studies showed highly variable bias, with bias in the representation of effectiveness data, model assumptions without validation, and lack of sensitivity analyses. LIMITATIONS: One limitation of this systematic review is that it only included studies from 2009 to 2013, potentially excluding some earlier comparator studies, particularly those involving first-generation antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS: This review of comparative effectiveness studies of second-generation antipsychotic agents for @entity1 @entity0 revealed a wide range of study types, study methodologies, and outcomes. For traditional efficacy outcomes and select safety outcomes, there is strong evidence from many well-conducted studies; however, there are fewer studies of types preferred by HTA with limited head-to-head comparisons and a higher risk of bias in the execution of these studies.

title: Systematic Literature Review of the Methods Used to Compare Newer Second-Generation Agents for the Management of XXXX : A focus on Health Technology Assessment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe form of @entity3 , one of the most common @entity1 . Although open fetal surgical repair of the MMC defect has been shown to result in improved outcomes, a less invasive approach applicable earlier in gestation than the current open surgical approach between 19 and 26 weeks of gestation is desirable for further improvement of neurological symptoms, as well as reduction of maternal and fetal risks. We previously reported the therapeutic potential of a scaffold-based tissue engineering approach in a fetal @entity0 MMC model. The objective of this study was to confirm the long-term efficacy of this approach in the surgically created fetal @entity2 MMC model. Gelatin-based or gelatin/collagen hybrid sponges were prepared with and without @entity4 ( @entity4 ) incorporation. The defect was covered by a sponge and secured by a supporting sheet with adhesive at 100 days of gestation or the gelatin/collagen hybrid with @entity4 was secured with adhesive without the sheet. Although sheets were found detached at term (140 days' gestation), both gelatin-based and gelatin/collagen hybrid sponges had integrated within the newly formed granulation tissue, resulting in complete coverage of the MMC defect. The release of @entity4 from sponges resulted in enhanced formation of granulation tissue and epithelialization. There was also evidence of improved preservation of the spinal cord with less associated damage on histological analysis and reversal of hindbrain herniation. These experiments provide important proof-of-principle evidence of the efficacy of scaffold-based tissue engineered coverage for the prenatal treatment of MMC.

title: Complete tissue coverage achieved by scaffold-based tissue engineering in the fetal XXXX model of Myelomeningocele.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: More detailed understanding of herpes zoster (HZ) is called for in the context of an increasing observed frequency of disease, and ongoing discussions regarding potential consequences of the disease. Thus, population-based data on incidence and complications of HZ are needed. METHODS: We conducted a register-based cohort study in V  stra G  taland County (population 1.5 million) in Sweden. We collected data on all @entity0 diagnosed with HZ during the years 2008 to 2010 from population-based registers. Incidence rates (IR) of HZ and related complications were calculated and stratified by age and sex. RESULTS: There were 13 269 new HZ cases during the study period. Overall, the IR of herpes zoster in both genders was 3.25 (95  % CI: 3.16-3.34) per 1000 @entity0 years in 2010. The incidence was consistently higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 and in older than in young. A history of immunosuppression was more common than in the general population. The incidence was highest in individuals over 80  years of age (IR 9.2 per 1000 @entity0 years, 95  % CI: 8.8-9.6) during 2008-2010. The most common complications to HZ were ocular engagement and @entity3 ; risks for @entity1 and @entity2 were significantly elevated during the one year following diagnosis, especially in the youngest age group of @entity0 0-39 years. CONCLUSIONS: Herpes zoster is more common in @entity0 , the elderly and immunosuppressed individuals. We verify a population-based association between herpes zoster and risk for @entity1 and @entity2 , which may merit concern.

title: Incidence of herpes zoster and associated events including XXXX -a population-based cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 26-year-old @entity0 had a history of severe @entity3 . He was taking immunosuppressive drug. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)had been performed for @entity4 March 2008. He came to our hospital in July 2012 complaining of fever of 39 degrees Celsius. According to computed tomography(CT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), we diagnosed that he had @entity5 and @entity7 . Antibiotic treatment was performed for 2 weeks after the onset of @entity2 . Then we conducted re-MVR. The postoperative course was satisfactory. He showed a gradual improvement in the level of consciousness and was discharged. In @entity0 with @entity3 , bacteria can penetrate into the blood from the skin easily. So they are often affected by @entity6 . There are some reports that @entity4 is likely to occur in immunosuppressed @entity0 . It is suggested that immunosuppressive drug was involved in the development of @entity1 (PVE)in addition to @entity3 in this @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX using Immunosuppressive Agent for @entity3 ;Report of a Case].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 26-year-old @entity0 had a history of severe @entity3 . He was taking immunosuppressive drug. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)had been performed for @entity4 March 2008. He came to our hospital in July 2012 complaining of fever of 39 degrees Celsius. According to computed tomography(CT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), we diagnosed that he had @entity5 and @entity7 . Antibiotic treatment was performed for 2 weeks after the onset of @entity2 . Then we conducted re-MVR. The postoperative course was satisfactory. He showed a gradual improvement in the level of consciousness and was discharged. In @entity0 with @entity3 , bacteria can penetrate into the blood from the skin easily. So they are often affected by @entity6 . There are some reports that @entity4 is likely to occur in immunosuppressed @entity0 . It is suggested that immunosuppressive drug was involved in the development of @entity1 (PVE)in addition to @entity3 in this @entity0 .

title: [ @entity1 using Immunosuppressive Agent for XXXX ;Report of a Case].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Red blood cell (RBC) @entity3 is a significant clinical complication of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). It can lead to difficulty with cross-matching for future transfusions and may sometimes trigger life-threatening delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. We conducted a retrospective study to explore the association of clinical complications and age of RBC with @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 followed at a single institution from 2005 to 2012. One hundred and sixty six @entity0 with a total of 488 RBC transfusions were evaluated. Nineteen @entity0 (11%) developed new alloantibodies following blood transfusions during the period of review. The median age of RBC units was 20 days (interquartile range: 14-27 days). RBC antibody formation was significantly associated with the age of RBC units (P   =   0.002), with a hazard ratio of 3.5 (95% CI: 1.71-7.11) for a RBC unit that was 7 days old and 9.8 (95% CI: 2.66-35.97) for a unit that was 35 days old, 28 days after the blood transfusion. No association was observed between RBC @entity3 and @entity1 . Although increased echocardiography-derived tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity ( @entity4 ) was associated with the presence of RBC alloantibodies (P   =   0.02), @entity4 was not significantly associated with @entity3 when adjusted for @entity0 age and number of transfused RBC units. Our study suggests that RBC antibody formation is significantly associated with older age of RBCs at the time of transfusion. Prospective studies in @entity0 with @entity2 are required to confirm this finding. Am. J. Hematol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Alloimmunization is associated with older age of transfused red blood cells in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 carrying the bacterial lacl gene in a lambda shuttle vector were used to isolate and characterize background and @entity5 ( @entity2 )-induced mutations in skin. Adult male @entity0 were treated once topically with either @entity2 or @entity3 or were left untreated. Seven days later, @entity2 treatment had significantly increased the mutant frequency in the skin (mean +/- SEM, 36 +/- 3 x 10(-5)) versus in vehicle-treated (6.4 +/- 1.2 x 10(-5)) and untreated @entity0 (7.1 x 1.0 x 10(-5)). At least 10 mutants from each of three @entity2 -treated and three untreated @entity0 were selected for DNA sequence analysis. In each case, the entire 1080-bp target gene was sequenced. Base-pair substitutions predominated (86 of 96 mutations), although frameshift and deletion mutations were also detected. Twelve percent of the mutants carried more than one mutation. In controls, the mutations were predominantly @entity7 transitions (26 of 42), and no @entity6 transversions were recovered. In contrast, in the @entity2 -treated @entity0 , @entity6 transversions represented 42% of the mutations (23 of 54) and @entity7 transitions accounted for only 11%. The @entity6 transversions occurred mostly at 5'-CA sites. This class of mutation has been recovered frequently in ras genes from @entity2 -treated @entity0 and probably represents an early event in @entity1 ( @entity4 et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6398-6402, 1992). Our present results are consistent with the types of DNA damage induced by @entity2 . The observation of different mutant frequencies and spectra in treated and control @entity0 demonstrates the utility of this approach in the study of mutagenesis in vivo.

title: Mutational spectra in the lacl gene in skin from XXXX -treated and untreated @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 carrying the bacterial lacl gene in a lambda shuttle vector were used to isolate and characterize background and @entity5 ( @entity2 )-induced mutations in skin. Adult male @entity0 were treated once topically with either @entity2 or @entity3 or were left untreated. Seven days later, @entity2 treatment had significantly increased the mutant frequency in the skin (mean +/- SEM, 36 +/- 3 x 10(-5)) versus in vehicle-treated (6.4 +/- 1.2 x 10(-5)) and untreated @entity0 (7.1 x 1.0 x 10(-5)). At least 10 mutants from each of three @entity2 -treated and three untreated @entity0 were selected for DNA sequence analysis. In each case, the entire 1080-bp target gene was sequenced. Base-pair substitutions predominated (86 of 96 mutations), although frameshift and deletion mutations were also detected. Twelve percent of the mutants carried more than one mutation. In controls, the mutations were predominantly @entity7 transitions (26 of 42), and no @entity6 transversions were recovered. In contrast, in the @entity2 -treated @entity0 , @entity6 transversions represented 42% of the mutations (23 of 54) and @entity7 transitions accounted for only 11%. The @entity6 transversions occurred mostly at 5'-CA sites. This class of mutation has been recovered frequently in ras genes from @entity2 -treated @entity0 and probably represents an early event in @entity1 ( @entity4 et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6398-6402, 1992). Our present results are consistent with the types of DNA damage induced by @entity2 . The observation of different mutant frequencies and spectra in treated and control @entity0 demonstrates the utility of this approach in the study of mutagenesis in vivo.

title: Mutational spectra in the lacl gene in skin from @entity5 -treated and untreated XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 and @entity5 are important risk factors for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Buerger exercises for @entity0 with @entity4 have previously been noted; however, current evidence to support this intervention is limited. AIM: We established a standardized procedure for Buerger exercises combined with a health-promoting program and investigated its effectiveness in reducing @entity6 among rural Taiwanese residents with @entity3 2 @entity1 who were at high risk of developing @entity7 . METHODS: A one group quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. The Buerger exercise protocol composed of a three-step posture change with 9 minutes for each cycle. The health-promoting program composed of six dimensions of healthy habits. Outcome measurements 1 year after the beginning of the intervention included the ankle brachial pressure index (ABI), the @entity2 screening instrument (MNSI), blood pressure, frequency of self-reported leg discomfort, and a @entity3 2 @entity1 Promoting Score. FINDINGS: Thirty-one of 66 (47%) subjects completed this study. Buerger exercises combined with the health-promoting program significantly improved (a) the ABI in the legs, (b) health-promoting behaviors, (c) MNSI values, and (d) leg discomfort symptoms. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: This study supports the use of Buerger exercises combined with the health-promoting program to improve symptoms of @entity6 and peripheral circulation in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 .

title: Effects of Buerger Exercise Combined Health-Promoting Program on @entity6 Among Community Residents at High Risk for XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 and @entity5 are important risk factors for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Buerger exercises for @entity0 with @entity4 have previously been noted; however, current evidence to support this intervention is limited. AIM: We established a standardized procedure for Buerger exercises combined with a health-promoting program and investigated its effectiveness in reducing @entity6 among rural Taiwanese residents with @entity3 2 @entity1 who were at high risk of developing @entity7 . METHODS: A one group quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. The Buerger exercise protocol composed of a three-step posture change with 9 minutes for each cycle. The health-promoting program composed of six dimensions of healthy habits. Outcome measurements 1 year after the beginning of the intervention included the ankle brachial pressure index (ABI), the @entity2 screening instrument (MNSI), blood pressure, frequency of self-reported leg discomfort, and a @entity3 2 @entity1 Promoting Score. FINDINGS: Thirty-one of 66 (47%) subjects completed this study. Buerger exercises combined with the health-promoting program significantly improved (a) the ABI in the legs, (b) health-promoting behaviors, (c) MNSI values, and (d) leg discomfort symptoms. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: This study supports the use of Buerger exercises combined with the health-promoting program to improve symptoms of @entity6 and peripheral circulation in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 .

title: Effects of Buerger Exercise Combined Health-Promoting Program on XXXX Among Community Residents at High Risk for @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a widely used intervention approach to enhance motor recovery in @entity0 after @entity2 , but its effects on functional improvement remained uncertain. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is one potential adjuvant intervention approach to @entity1 that could directly activate the stimulated muscles and improve functional use of the paretic hand. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Thirty-nine individuals with @entity2 were randomly assigned to the @entity1 combined with NMES ( @entity1   +   ES) or to @entity1 with sham stimulation ( @entity1   +   Sham) groups. The @entity0 completed the intervention 90 to 100  minutes/day, 5  days/week for 4  weeks. The outcome measures included the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and @entity2 Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS). All outcome measures were assessed before and after intervention, and the UE-FMA, MAL, and SIS were reassessed at 3  months of follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with the @entity1   +   Sham group, the @entity1   +   ES group demonstrated greater improvements in wrist flexor MAS score, WMFT quality of movement, and the hand function domain of the SIS. For other outcome measures, both groups improved significantly after the interventions, but no group differences were found. CONCLUSION: @entity1   +   ES induced significant benefits in reducing wrist flexor @entity3 and in hand @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01655446.

title: Effects of combining robot-assisted therapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on motor impairment, motor and daily function, and quality of life in @entity0 with XXXX : a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a widely used intervention approach to enhance motor recovery in @entity0 after @entity2 , but its effects on functional improvement remained uncertain. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is one potential adjuvant intervention approach to @entity1 that could directly activate the stimulated muscles and improve functional use of the paretic hand. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Thirty-nine individuals with @entity2 were randomly assigned to the @entity1 combined with NMES ( @entity1   +   ES) or to @entity1 with sham stimulation ( @entity1   +   Sham) groups. The @entity0 completed the intervention 90 to 100  minutes/day, 5  days/week for 4  weeks. The outcome measures included the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and @entity2 Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS). All outcome measures were assessed before and after intervention, and the UE-FMA, MAL, and SIS were reassessed at 3  months of follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with the @entity1   +   Sham group, the @entity1   +   ES group demonstrated greater improvements in wrist flexor MAS score, WMFT quality of movement, and the hand function domain of the SIS. For other outcome measures, both groups improved significantly after the interventions, but no group differences were found. CONCLUSION: @entity1   +   ES induced significant benefits in reducing wrist flexor @entity3 and in hand @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01655446.

title: Effects of combining robot-assisted therapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on motor impairment, motor and daily function, and quality of life in XXXX with @entity2 : a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Goiter is localized or generalized @entity3 . It is usually cervical, but may show intra-thoracic development beyond the thoracic inlet and down to the mediastinum: i.e., @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical profile of @entity5 and the difficulties of management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study included 50  cases from our ENT department. RESULTS: Mean age was 47  years, with a sex ratio of 0.06. Clinical symptomatology was dominated by medial anterior cervical swelling. Compression signs were observed in 26  @entity0 , and cervical lymph nodes in 3. Mean time to consultation was 7  years. Fiberoptic endoscopy found @entity4 in 3  @entity0 . Cervical ultrasonography was the first-line diagnostic test. Cervical-thoracic CT scan was requested in 45  @entity0 to study thoracic extension and the relation of the thyroid mass with the supra-aortic vascular axes. Treatment systematically comprised total thyroidectomy on a cervical approach. There were 6  cases of @entity1 . DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION: Substernal goitre is fairly frequent. Despite particularities, an exclusively cervical approach is sufficient in a large majority of cases. The substernal nature of the goitre did not have major @entity2 .

title: XXXX : Experience with 50  cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advances in vascular reconstruction devices and coil technologies have made coil embolization a popular and effective strategy for treatment of relatively wide-neck @entity1 . However, coil protrusion occurs occasionally, and little is known about the frequency, the risk factors and the risk of @entity3 . METHOD: We assessed the frequency and the risk factors for coil protrusion in 330 unruptured @entity2 cases, and examined the occurrence of @entity0 by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). RESULT: Forty-four instances of coil protrusion were encountered during coil embolization (13.3% of cases), but incidence was reduced to 33 (10% of cases) by balloon press or insertion of the next coil. Coil protrusion occurred more frequently during the last phase of the procedure, and both a wide neck (large fundus to neck ratio) (OR   =   1.84, P   =   0.03) and an inadequately stable neck frame (OR   =   5.49, P   =   0.0007) increased protrusion risk. Coil protrusions did not increase the incidence of high-intensity lesions ( @entity4 ) on DW-MRI (33.3% vs 29% of cases with no coil protrusion). However, longer operation time did increase infarct risk (P   =   0.0003). Thus, tail or loop type coil protrusion did not increase the risk of @entity3 , if adequate blood flow was maintained. CONCLUSION: Coil protrusion tended to occur more frequently in cases of @entity2 with loose neck framing. Moderate and less coil protrusion carries no additional thrombo-embolic risk, if blood flow is maintained, which can be aided by additional post-operative antiplatelet therapy.

title: Risk factors for coil protrusion into the parent artery and associated XXXX following @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advances in vascular reconstruction devices and coil technologies have made coil embolization a popular and effective strategy for treatment of relatively wide-neck @entity1 . However, coil protrusion occurs occasionally, and little is known about the frequency, the risk factors and the risk of @entity3 . METHOD: We assessed the frequency and the risk factors for coil protrusion in 330 unruptured @entity2 cases, and examined the occurrence of @entity0 by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). RESULT: Forty-four instances of coil protrusion were encountered during coil embolization (13.3% of cases), but incidence was reduced to 33 (10% of cases) by balloon press or insertion of the next coil. Coil protrusion occurred more frequently during the last phase of the procedure, and both a wide neck (large fundus to neck ratio) (OR   =   1.84, P   =   0.03) and an inadequately stable neck frame (OR   =   5.49, P   =   0.0007) increased protrusion risk. Coil protrusions did not increase the incidence of high-intensity lesions ( @entity4 ) on DW-MRI (33.3% vs 29% of cases with no coil protrusion). However, longer operation time did increase infarct risk (P   =   0.0003). Thus, tail or loop type coil protrusion did not increase the risk of @entity3 , if adequate blood flow was maintained. CONCLUSION: Coil protrusion tended to occur more frequently in cases of @entity2 with loose neck framing. Moderate and less coil protrusion carries no additional thrombo-embolic risk, if blood flow is maintained, which can be aided by additional post-operative antiplatelet therapy.

title: Risk factors for coil protrusion into the parent artery and associated @entity3 following XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 /2 mutation carriers have a considerably increased risk to develop @entity4 . The personalized clinical management of carriers and other at-risk individuals depends on precise knowledge of the @entity1 risks. In this report, we give an overview of the present literature on empirical @entity1 risks, and we describe risk prediction models that are currently used for individual risk assessment in clinical practice. @entity1 risks show large variability between studies. @entity0 risks are at 40-87% for @entity5 mutation carriers and 18-88% for @entity3 mutation carriers. For @entity2 , the risk estimates are in the range of 22-65% for @entity5 and 10-35% for @entity3 . The @entity0 risk is high (10-year risk after first @entity1 27% for @entity5 and 19% for @entity3 ). Risk prediction models have been proposed to provide more individualized risk prediction, using additional knowledge on family history, mode of inheritance of major genes, and other genetic and non-genetic risk factors. User-friendly software tools have been developed that serve as basis for decision-making in family counseling units. In conclusion, further assessment of @entity1 risks and model validation is needed, ideally based on prospective cohort studies. To obtain such data, clinical management of carriers and other at-risk individuals should always be accompanied by standardized scientific documentation.

title: XXXX risks and risk prediction models.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) repair was first performed in 1999, but still the technique is treated as one of the most complex pediatric surgical procedures. AIM: The study presents a single-center experience and learning curve of thoracoscopic repair of @entity2 and @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, 10 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 were treated thoracoscopically in our center. There were 8 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 . Mean gestational age was 36.5 weeks and mean weight was 2230 g. Four @entity0 had associated anomalies. The surgery was performed after stabilization of the @entity0 between the first and fourth day after birth. Five @entity0 required intubation before surgery for respiratory distress. Bronchoscopy was not performed before the operation. RESULTS: In 8 @entity0 , the endoscopic approach was successfully used thoracoscopically, while in 2 @entity0 conversion to an open thoracotomy was necessary. In all @entity0 except 1, the @entity1 was patent, with no evidence of leak. One @entity0 demonstrated a leak, which did not resolve spontaneously, necessitating surgical repair. In long-term follow-up, 1 @entity0 required esophageal dilatation of the @entity1 . All @entity0 are on full oral feeding. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic approach is the method of choice for the treatment of @entity2 in our center because of excellent visualization and precise atraumatic preparation even in neonates below a weight of 2000 g.

title: Thoracoscopic repair of XXXX with a distal fistula - lessons from the first 10 operations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the activity and @entity2 of combination @entity12 (24 hours) and @entity13 in advanced @entity10 ( @entity10 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Eligibility required measurable disease (stage IV or stage IIIB with @entity15 ), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, absolute neutrophil count > or = 2,000/microL, platelet count > or = 100,000/microL serum @entity9 concentration < or = 1.5 mg/dL, and @entity6 level < or = 2 mg/dL. @entity12 was initially administered at a dose of 135 mg/m2/d, followed by @entity13 on day 2 at a targeted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 7.5 using the Calvert formula. @entity11 ( @entity11 ) 5 micrograms/kg subcutaneously (SC) on days 3 to 17 was introduced during the second and subsequent cycles. In @entity0 who sustained less than grade 4 myelosuppression, the @entity12 dose was sequentially escalated 40 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum of 215 mg/m2. Treatment was repeated at 3-week intervals for six cycles. RESULTS: From June 1993 through February 1994, 54 @entity0 were enrolled; 53 are assessable for @entity2 and response. The median age was 62 years (range, 34 to 84). Sixty-nine percent were male, 65% had @entity5 , and 93% had stage IV disease. Two hundred sixty-eight cycles were administered; 32 @entity0 (59%) completed all six cycles. Twenty-five unanticipated hospitalizations occurred during treatment (9.3% of cycles) in 20 @entity0 (37%). Myelosuppression was the principal @entity2 ; grade 3 or 4 @entity14 occurred in 57% of @entity0 after the first cycle, but decreased to 35% during the second cycle after introduction of @entity11 and consistently remained < or = 22% during subsequent cycles. Seven episodes of @entity3 occurred, all during the first cycle. Grade 3 or 4 @entity7 and @entity4 occurred in 47% and 33% of @entity0 , respectively. Eight @entity0 (15%) required platelet transfusions and 16 (30%) required packed RBC support. @entity1 , @entity8 / @entity16 , and @entity7 , although generally mild, were cumulative. The @entity12 dose was boosted to 215 mg/m2 in > or = 70% of @entity0 who received three or more cycles. At an AUC of 7.5, the median first-cycle @entity13 dose was 424 mg/m2 (range, 273 to 709 mg/m2). The objective response rate was 62%, with five (9%) complete responses and 28 (53%) partial responses. The median progression-free survival time was 28 weeks and the median survival time 53 weeks. The 1-year survival rate is 54%. CONCLUSION: The @entity12 - @entity13 combination is active in advanced @entity10 and may enhance survival; it merits further investigation in phase III trials.

title: @entity12 and @entity13 in combination in the treatment of advanced @entity10 : a phase II XXXX , response, and survival analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the activity and @entity2 of combination @entity12 (24 hours) and @entity13 in advanced @entity10 ( @entity10 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Eligibility required measurable disease (stage IV or stage IIIB with @entity15 ), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, absolute neutrophil count > or = 2,000/microL, platelet count > or = 100,000/microL serum @entity9 concentration < or = 1.5 mg/dL, and @entity6 level < or = 2 mg/dL. @entity12 was initially administered at a dose of 135 mg/m2/d, followed by @entity13 on day 2 at a targeted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 7.5 using the Calvert formula. @entity11 ( @entity11 ) 5 micrograms/kg subcutaneously (SC) on days 3 to 17 was introduced during the second and subsequent cycles. In @entity0 who sustained less than grade 4 myelosuppression, the @entity12 dose was sequentially escalated 40 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum of 215 mg/m2. Treatment was repeated at 3-week intervals for six cycles. RESULTS: From June 1993 through February 1994, 54 @entity0 were enrolled; 53 are assessable for @entity2 and response. The median age was 62 years (range, 34 to 84). Sixty-nine percent were male, 65% had @entity5 , and 93% had stage IV disease. Two hundred sixty-eight cycles were administered; 32 @entity0 (59%) completed all six cycles. Twenty-five unanticipated hospitalizations occurred during treatment (9.3% of cycles) in 20 @entity0 (37%). Myelosuppression was the principal @entity2 ; grade 3 or 4 @entity14 occurred in 57% of @entity0 after the first cycle, but decreased to 35% during the second cycle after introduction of @entity11 and consistently remained < or = 22% during subsequent cycles. Seven episodes of @entity3 occurred, all during the first cycle. Grade 3 or 4 @entity7 and @entity4 occurred in 47% and 33% of @entity0 , respectively. Eight @entity0 (15%) required platelet transfusions and 16 (30%) required packed RBC support. @entity1 , @entity8 / @entity16 , and @entity7 , although generally mild, were cumulative. The @entity12 dose was boosted to 215 mg/m2 in > or = 70% of @entity0 who received three or more cycles. At an AUC of 7.5, the median first-cycle @entity13 dose was 424 mg/m2 (range, 273 to 709 mg/m2). The objective response rate was 62%, with five (9%) complete responses and 28 (53%) partial responses. The median progression-free survival time was 28 weeks and the median survival time 53 weeks. The 1-year survival rate is 54%. CONCLUSION: The @entity12 - @entity13 combination is active in advanced @entity10 and may enhance survival; it merits further investigation in phase III trials.

title: @entity12 and XXXX in combination in the treatment of advanced @entity10 : a phase II @entity2 , response, and survival analysis.

answer: @entity13


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the activity and @entity2 of combination @entity12 (24 hours) and @entity13 in advanced @entity10 ( @entity10 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Eligibility required measurable disease (stage IV or stage IIIB with @entity15 ), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, absolute neutrophil count > or = 2,000/microL, platelet count > or = 100,000/microL serum @entity9 concentration < or = 1.5 mg/dL, and @entity6 level < or = 2 mg/dL. @entity12 was initially administered at a dose of 135 mg/m2/d, followed by @entity13 on day 2 at a targeted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 7.5 using the Calvert formula. @entity11 ( @entity11 ) 5 micrograms/kg subcutaneously (SC) on days 3 to 17 was introduced during the second and subsequent cycles. In @entity0 who sustained less than grade 4 myelosuppression, the @entity12 dose was sequentially escalated 40 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum of 215 mg/m2. Treatment was repeated at 3-week intervals for six cycles. RESULTS: From June 1993 through February 1994, 54 @entity0 were enrolled; 53 are assessable for @entity2 and response. The median age was 62 years (range, 34 to 84). Sixty-nine percent were male, 65% had @entity5 , and 93% had stage IV disease. Two hundred sixty-eight cycles were administered; 32 @entity0 (59%) completed all six cycles. Twenty-five unanticipated hospitalizations occurred during treatment (9.3% of cycles) in 20 @entity0 (37%). Myelosuppression was the principal @entity2 ; grade 3 or 4 @entity14 occurred in 57% of @entity0 after the first cycle, but decreased to 35% during the second cycle after introduction of @entity11 and consistently remained < or = 22% during subsequent cycles. Seven episodes of @entity3 occurred, all during the first cycle. Grade 3 or 4 @entity7 and @entity4 occurred in 47% and 33% of @entity0 , respectively. Eight @entity0 (15%) required platelet transfusions and 16 (30%) required packed RBC support. @entity1 , @entity8 / @entity16 , and @entity7 , although generally mild, were cumulative. The @entity12 dose was boosted to 215 mg/m2 in > or = 70% of @entity0 who received three or more cycles. At an AUC of 7.5, the median first-cycle @entity13 dose was 424 mg/m2 (range, 273 to 709 mg/m2). The objective response rate was 62%, with five (9%) complete responses and 28 (53%) partial responses. The median progression-free survival time was 28 weeks and the median survival time 53 weeks. The 1-year survival rate is 54%. CONCLUSION: The @entity12 - @entity13 combination is active in advanced @entity10 and may enhance survival; it merits further investigation in phase III trials.

title: XXXX and @entity13 in combination in the treatment of advanced @entity10 : a phase II @entity2 , response, and survival analysis.

answer: @entity12


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the activity and @entity2 of combination @entity12 (24 hours) and @entity13 in advanced @entity10 ( @entity10 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Eligibility required measurable disease (stage IV or stage IIIB with @entity15 ), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, absolute neutrophil count > or = 2,000/microL, platelet count > or = 100,000/microL serum @entity9 concentration < or = 1.5 mg/dL, and @entity6 level < or = 2 mg/dL. @entity12 was initially administered at a dose of 135 mg/m2/d, followed by @entity13 on day 2 at a targeted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 7.5 using the Calvert formula. @entity11 ( @entity11 ) 5 micrograms/kg subcutaneously (SC) on days 3 to 17 was introduced during the second and subsequent cycles. In @entity0 who sustained less than grade 4 myelosuppression, the @entity12 dose was sequentially escalated 40 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum of 215 mg/m2. Treatment was repeated at 3-week intervals for six cycles. RESULTS: From June 1993 through February 1994, 54 @entity0 were enrolled; 53 are assessable for @entity2 and response. The median age was 62 years (range, 34 to 84). Sixty-nine percent were male, 65% had @entity5 , and 93% had stage IV disease. Two hundred sixty-eight cycles were administered; 32 @entity0 (59%) completed all six cycles. Twenty-five unanticipated hospitalizations occurred during treatment (9.3% of cycles) in 20 @entity0 (37%). Myelosuppression was the principal @entity2 ; grade 3 or 4 @entity14 occurred in 57% of @entity0 after the first cycle, but decreased to 35% during the second cycle after introduction of @entity11 and consistently remained < or = 22% during subsequent cycles. Seven episodes of @entity3 occurred, all during the first cycle. Grade 3 or 4 @entity7 and @entity4 occurred in 47% and 33% of @entity0 , respectively. Eight @entity0 (15%) required platelet transfusions and 16 (30%) required packed RBC support. @entity1 , @entity8 / @entity16 , and @entity7 , although generally mild, were cumulative. The @entity12 dose was boosted to 215 mg/m2 in > or = 70% of @entity0 who received three or more cycles. At an AUC of 7.5, the median first-cycle @entity13 dose was 424 mg/m2 (range, 273 to 709 mg/m2). The objective response rate was 62%, with five (9%) complete responses and 28 (53%) partial responses. The median progression-free survival time was 28 weeks and the median survival time 53 weeks. The 1-year survival rate is 54%. CONCLUSION: The @entity12 - @entity13 combination is active in advanced @entity10 and may enhance survival; it merits further investigation in phase III trials.

title: @entity12 and @entity13 in combination in the treatment of advanced XXXX : a phase II @entity2 , response, and survival analysis.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Recent reports suggest that 20 million @entity0 worldwide are regularly using khat as a stimulant, even though the habit of chewing khat is known to cause serious health issues. Historical evidence suggests khat use has existed since the 13th century in Ethiopia and the southwestern Arabian regions even before the cultivation and use of coffee. In the past three decades, its availability and use spread all over the world including the United States and Europe. Most of the consumers in the Western world are immigrant groups from Eastern Africa or the Middle East. The global transport and availability of khat has been enhanced by the development of synthetic forms of its active component. The World Health Organization considers khat a drug of abuse since it causes a range of health problems. However, it remains lawful in some countries. Khat use has long been a part of Yemeni culture and is used in virtually every social occasion. The main component of khat is @entity7 , which is structurally and functionally similar to @entity6 and @entity5 . Several studies have demonstrated that khat chewing has unfavorable cardiovascular effects. The effect on the myocardium could be explained by its effect on the heart rate, blood pressure, its vasomotor effect on the coronary vessels, and its @entity6 -like effects. However, its direct effect on the myocardium needs further elaboration. To date, there are few articles that contribute @entity1 among khat chewers to khat-induced @entity3 . Further studies are needed to address the risk factors in khat chewers that may explain khat-induced @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity3 .

title: Khat use: history and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare risks and benefits of laparoscopic hysterectomy with morcellation versus abdominal hysterectomy without morcellation for large fibroids. STUDY DESIGN: We developed a shared clinical decision tool to communicate risks and benefits of laparoscopic versus abdominal hysterectomy to @entity0 with large fibroids as mandated by the FDA. The decision tool was designed to serve as a framework for providers to counsel @entity0 about mode of hysterectomy to facilitate shared decision-making between @entity0 and provider. Risks and benefits were estimated from the literature, including surgical complications ( @entity6 , @entity8 , adhesions, @entity4 , and transfusions), uterine @entity3 risks, and quality-of-life endpoints. The shared clinical decision tool was applied to a hypothetical population of 20,000 @entity0 with large uterine fibroids, of which 10,000 underwent laparoscopic hysterectomies and 10,000 had abdominal hysterectomies. RESULTS: @entity7 would result in 50.1% more adhesions, 10.7% more @entity5 , 4.8% more surgical site infections, 2.8% more @entity8 , and 2% more @entity6 compared to laparoscopic hysterectomy. @entity7 would also result in longer hospital stays (2 days), slower return to work (13.6 days), greater postoperative day 3 narcotic requirements (48%), and lower SF-36 quality-of-life scores (50.4 points lower). 0.28% of @entity9 @entity0 would have unsuspected uterine @entity3 . Among these @entity0 , laparoscopic hysterectomy with morcellation would have a 27% reduction in 5-year overall survival rates and a 28.8 month shorter recurrence-free survival period. CONCLUSION: Some evidence suggests laparoscopic hysterectomy with morcellation may result in increased risk of @entity1 with worse survival outcomes among uterine @entity3 @entity0 compared to abdominal hysterectomy without morcellation, however, the current data is limited and the exact risks associated specifically with electromechanical morcellation are not conclusive. Data also supports abdominal hysterectomy would lead to a net detriment in other outcomes, with greater risks of @entity6 , obstruction, @entity5 , adhesions, @entity4 , and @entity2 compared to laparoscopic hysterectomy. This shared clinical decision tool may aid the @entity0 and physician in determining an optimal mode of hysterectomy for large uterine fibroids while taking account of risks and benefits as mandated by the FDA.

title: XXXX : a shared clinical decision tool for mode of hysterectomy.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The aim of this work was to study in @entity1 the temporal course of laboratory parameters and morphologic features in @entity2 induced by @entity6 ( @entity7 -8) or by a closed duodenal loop. @entity3 was induced either with an @entity5 of @entity7 -8 (3 x 75 micrograms/kg at 1 h intervals) or by ligation of the duodenum on both sides of the bilio-pancreatic duct. The animals were examined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after AP induction. In @entity7 -8-induced @entity2 , the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio (8.2 +/- 1.1 mg/g) and the amylase level (44.8 +/- 7.5 x 10(3) U/ml) were significantly increased vs. the controls (4.5 +/- 0.8 mg/g and 3.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(3) U/ml, respectively) 2 h after the intervention. The plasma @entity7 was significantly increased at 4 h (4.55 +/- 1.7 pM) and remained elevated thereafter. The tissue @entity4 concentration was significantly elevated at 8 h (0.28 +/- 0.07 mumol/mg pancreas) vs. the controls (0.20 +/- 0.02 mumol/mg pancreas). In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity2 , the ratio pancreatic weight/body weight steadily increased during the study; it reached its maximum level at 24 h (7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/g) vs. the sham-operated control (4.8 +/- 0.9 mg/g). The serum amylase level was significantly elevated at 2 h (47.1 +/- 9.3 x 10(3) U/ml), and then decreased steadily. Plasma @entity7 values were significantly higher than the controls throughout the study. A significant increase in the tissue @entity4 concentration (0.94 +/- 0.15 mumol/mg vs. 0.20 +/- 0.01 mumol/mg pancreas) appeared at 4 h. Our data indicate that in @entity7 -8-induced @entity2 the laboratory signs of @entity3 are most expressed at 4 h, whereas the morphologic changes culminate 8 h, following the last @entity7 injection. In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity2 , the histologic findings showed a progressive deterioration. Endogenous @entity7 and @entity0 -derived free radicals seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of both types of @entity2 .

title: Time-course changes in pancreatic laboratory and morphologic parameters in two different XXXX models in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this work was to study in @entity1 the temporal course of laboratory parameters and morphologic features in @entity2 induced by @entity6 ( @entity7 -8) or by a closed duodenal loop. @entity3 was induced either with an @entity5 of @entity7 -8 (3 x 75 micrograms/kg at 1 h intervals) or by ligation of the duodenum on both sides of the bilio-pancreatic duct. The animals were examined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after AP induction. In @entity7 -8-induced @entity2 , the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio (8.2 +/- 1.1 mg/g) and the amylase level (44.8 +/- 7.5 x 10(3) U/ml) were significantly increased vs. the controls (4.5 +/- 0.8 mg/g and 3.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(3) U/ml, respectively) 2 h after the intervention. The plasma @entity7 was significantly increased at 4 h (4.55 +/- 1.7 pM) and remained elevated thereafter. The tissue @entity4 concentration was significantly elevated at 8 h (0.28 +/- 0.07 mumol/mg pancreas) vs. the controls (0.20 +/- 0.02 mumol/mg pancreas). In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity2 , the ratio pancreatic weight/body weight steadily increased during the study; it reached its maximum level at 24 h (7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/g) vs. the sham-operated control (4.8 +/- 0.9 mg/g). The serum amylase level was significantly elevated at 2 h (47.1 +/- 9.3 x 10(3) U/ml), and then decreased steadily. Plasma @entity7 values were significantly higher than the controls throughout the study. A significant increase in the tissue @entity4 concentration (0.94 +/- 0.15 mumol/mg vs. 0.20 +/- 0.01 mumol/mg pancreas) appeared at 4 h. Our data indicate that in @entity7 -8-induced @entity2 the laboratory signs of @entity3 are most expressed at 4 h, whereas the morphologic changes culminate 8 h, following the last @entity7 injection. In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity2 , the histologic findings showed a progressive deterioration. Endogenous @entity7 and @entity0 -derived free radicals seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of both types of @entity2 .

title: Time-course changes in pancreatic laboratory and morphologic parameters in two different @entity2 models in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe @entity1 of the incudostapedial joint (ISJ) and to discuss the possible unique embryogenesis of the ISJ based on the two anomalies that were encountered. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of all @entity0 with @entity4 . RESULTS: Four @entity0 presented with @entity2 . Upon further workup, we observed a preserved incudostapedial joint (ISJ) with deficiencies of the incus and stapes in three cases. Our fourth case demonstrated the inverse pattern of the @entity1 in which the ISJ was missing with an intact proximal incus and stapes crura. Three @entity0 opted for surgical intervention with improvement in hearing. One case preferred @entity2 over surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity3 are uncommon potential causes of @entity2 . Although numerous patterns of @entity1 have been reported in the literature, our case series is the first to demonstrate both the absence of the ISJ in one @entity0 and the presence of the ISJ in the presence of missing stapes crura and incus body in other @entity0 . Though limited by the small number of cases, the inverse relationship of the single case compared to the three other cases, suggests a possible independent embryological development pathway for the ISJ. Therefore, an embryological explanation of the defects should be considered. Additionally, surgical intervention can improve hearing outcomes for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: XXXX of the incudostapedial joint.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: This study included all @entity0 treated at the University Hospital of Geneva for a first episode of uncomplicated @entity3 . Risks of recurrence and treatment failure were evaluated by comparing the results between short-course and long-course intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy groups. METHODS: The records of all @entity0 hospitalized at our facility from January 2007 to February 2012 for a first episode of uncomplicated @entity3 (Hinchey Ia), as confirmed by computed tomography, were prospectively collected. We published an auxiliary analysis from this registered study at Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier number: NCT01015378). Two groups of @entity0 were considered: one received a short-course IV antibiotic arm ( @entity2 and @entity1 ) for up to 5 days (followed by 5 days of oral antibiotics); the other received a long-course IV arm between days 5 and 10. The primary outcome was the recurrence-free survival time. RESULTS: Follow-up was completed for 256 @entity0 -50% @entity0 and 50% @entity0 , with a median age of 56 years (range, 24-85 years). The average follow-up was 50 months (range, 19-89 months). Of the 256 @entity0 included in the study, 46 @entity0 received a short-course IV antibiotic treatment and 210 received a long-course treatment. The recurrence-free survivals were very similar between the two groups, which was supported by a log rank test (P = 0.772). Four treatment failures, all in the long-course IV antibiotic treatment group, occurred. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity3 with a short IV antibiotic treatment is possible and does not modify the recurrence rate in @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity3 .

title: Short-term Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment in Uncomplicated XXXX Does Not Increase the Risk of Recurrence Compared to Long-term Treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lameness in @entity2 decreases animal welfare and economic profit for the farmer. An important reason for impaired welfare in lame animals is @entity0 due to @entity1 . No direct measurement of @entity0 is possible in animals, and methods to indirectly detect and quantify the amount of @entity0 an animal is experiencing are urgently needed. In this study, two methods to assess @entity0 associated with @entity1 in @entity2 were evaluated to determine if they were sensitive enough to detect a @entity1 as an effect of an experimental analgesic medication. Asymmetry associated with @entity1 was objectively quantified using pressure mat kinetic parameters: peak vertical force (PVF), load rate (LR), vertical impulse (VI) and peak vertical pressure (PVP). Locomotor activity was assessed in an open field test. A dose of 0.04   mg/kg @entity3 , a strong analgesic, was used to treat 10 lame @entity2 , while eight other lame @entity2 , treated with physiological saline solution, served as controls. @entity3 decreased @entity1 -associated asymmetry for pressure mat LR (P   =   0.002), VI (P   =   0.003) and PVP (P   =   0.001) and increased activity of the lame @entity2 in the open field (P   =   0.023), while saline-treated animals did not show any changes in asymmetry and became less active in the open field (P   <0.001). It was concluded that measurement of gait asymmetry by pressure mat analysis and locomotor activity in an open field test are both sensitive enough to detect the analgesic effects of @entity3 when used to treat moderate to severe clinical @entity0 in a relatively small group of affected @entity2 . The methods used in this study may also provide promising additional tools for future research into @entity0 recognition and @entity1 treatment in @entity2 .

title: Clinical effects of XXXX on open field behaviour and gait symmetry in healthy and lame weaned piglets.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy. DESIGN: A review of a case series. SETTING: A single teaching and referral centre in Vancouver. @entity0 : Ninety-five consecutive @entity0 referred to the Division of General Surgery with suspected @entity4 requiring surgical intervention. The @entity0 ranged in age from 15 to 85 years. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic appendectomy or open appendectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Feasibility of laparoscopic appendectomy, duration of operation, intraoperative and postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS: Of the 95 @entity0 , 9 had contraindications to laparoscopic appendectomy and underwent an open operation. Of the 86 @entity0 who underwent laparoscopy, the diagnosis of @entity4 was confirmed in 69 (80%). Following this, 61 (88%) @entity0 underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, and in 8 the procedure was converted to open appendectomy because of periappendiceal @entity5 or an immobile or perforated appendix. The mean duration of operation was 78.5 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 2.8 days. @entity1 consisted of ileus in two @entity0 and @entity3 in two @entity0 . There were no wound @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic appendectomy can be performed safely, with minimal complications on most @entity0 with @entity4 ; hospital stay is reduced. Laparoscopy allows accurate diagnosis.

title: Laparoscopic appendectomy: a review of 95 consecutive suspected cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the most readily feasible home-dialysis method for renal replacement therapy. However, repeated use of @entity2 can lead to induction of mesothelial/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT/ @entity3 ) and @entity1 , eventually leading to ultrafiltration failure and discontinuation of @entity2 . @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is believed to be a potent downstream inhibitor of @entity5 in renal @entity1 , but the effect of @entity10 on MMT/ @entity3 relevant to @entity2 is unknown. In this study, as determined by microRNA array analysis and confirmed by northern blot analysis and real-time PCR, we demonstrate that miRNA-129-5p is decreased in mesothelial cells isolated from effluent of @entity0 having @entity2 for more than 6 months extending to several years compared with those who have undergone @entity2 for less than 6 months. The decreased expression of @entity10 was accompanied with alterations in @entity3 -related genes and the expression of respective proteins in vivo. In addition, in in vitro studies we noted that the expression of @entity7 and @entity6 were significantly reduced with increased cell migration in HMrSV5, a @entity0 peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HPMC), treated with @entity5 , whereas expression of @entity4 , fibronectin and transcription factors @entity8 and @entity9 increased significantly, as assessed by real-time PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, alteration in @entity3 -related genes and proteins were reversed by overexpression of @entity10 . No effect was observed in cells treated with miR-negative control. Meanwhile, inhibition of @entity8 and @entity9 with their respective siRNA also could decrease the expression of @entity3 -related genes and protein levels in HPMCs induced with @entity5 . Finally, we demonstrate that @entity8 can inhibit the promoter activity of @entity7 while enhancing the promoter activity of @entity4 . We also observed that @entity10 could directly target the 3'UTR of @entity8 and @entity9 genes, and repressed their post-transcriptional activities. These data suggest that there is a novel @entity5 / @entity10 / @entity8 or @entity9 pathway that has a significant role in MMT and @entity1 in the setting of @entity2 .Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 11 May 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.57.

title: XXXX modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting @entity8 and @entity9 during peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the most readily feasible home-dialysis method for renal replacement therapy. However, repeated use of @entity2 can lead to induction of mesothelial/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT/ @entity3 ) and @entity1 , eventually leading to ultrafiltration failure and discontinuation of @entity2 . @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is believed to be a potent downstream inhibitor of @entity5 in renal @entity1 , but the effect of @entity10 on MMT/ @entity3 relevant to @entity2 is unknown. In this study, as determined by microRNA array analysis and confirmed by northern blot analysis and real-time PCR, we demonstrate that miRNA-129-5p is decreased in mesothelial cells isolated from effluent of @entity0 having @entity2 for more than 6 months extending to several years compared with those who have undergone @entity2 for less than 6 months. The decreased expression of @entity10 was accompanied with alterations in @entity3 -related genes and the expression of respective proteins in vivo. In addition, in in vitro studies we noted that the expression of @entity7 and @entity6 were significantly reduced with increased cell migration in HMrSV5, a @entity0 peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HPMC), treated with @entity5 , whereas expression of @entity4 , fibronectin and transcription factors @entity8 and @entity9 increased significantly, as assessed by real-time PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, alteration in @entity3 -related genes and proteins were reversed by overexpression of @entity10 . No effect was observed in cells treated with miR-negative control. Meanwhile, inhibition of @entity8 and @entity9 with their respective siRNA also could decrease the expression of @entity3 -related genes and protein levels in HPMCs induced with @entity5 . Finally, we demonstrate that @entity8 can inhibit the promoter activity of @entity7 while enhancing the promoter activity of @entity4 . We also observed that @entity10 could directly target the 3'UTR of @entity8 and @entity9 genes, and repressed their post-transcriptional activities. These data suggest that there is a novel @entity5 / @entity10 / @entity8 or @entity9 pathway that has a significant role in MMT and @entity1 in the setting of @entity2 .Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 11 May 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.57.

title: @entity10 modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting XXXX and @entity9 during peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the most readily feasible home-dialysis method for renal replacement therapy. However, repeated use of @entity2 can lead to induction of mesothelial/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT/ @entity3 ) and @entity1 , eventually leading to ultrafiltration failure and discontinuation of @entity2 . @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is believed to be a potent downstream inhibitor of @entity5 in renal @entity1 , but the effect of @entity10 on MMT/ @entity3 relevant to @entity2 is unknown. In this study, as determined by microRNA array analysis and confirmed by northern blot analysis and real-time PCR, we demonstrate that miRNA-129-5p is decreased in mesothelial cells isolated from effluent of @entity0 having @entity2 for more than 6 months extending to several years compared with those who have undergone @entity2 for less than 6 months. The decreased expression of @entity10 was accompanied with alterations in @entity3 -related genes and the expression of respective proteins in vivo. In addition, in in vitro studies we noted that the expression of @entity7 and @entity6 were significantly reduced with increased cell migration in HMrSV5, a @entity0 peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HPMC), treated with @entity5 , whereas expression of @entity4 , fibronectin and transcription factors @entity8 and @entity9 increased significantly, as assessed by real-time PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, alteration in @entity3 -related genes and proteins were reversed by overexpression of @entity10 . No effect was observed in cells treated with miR-negative control. Meanwhile, inhibition of @entity8 and @entity9 with their respective siRNA also could decrease the expression of @entity3 -related genes and protein levels in HPMCs induced with @entity5 . Finally, we demonstrate that @entity8 can inhibit the promoter activity of @entity7 while enhancing the promoter activity of @entity4 . We also observed that @entity10 could directly target the 3'UTR of @entity8 and @entity9 genes, and repressed their post-transcriptional activities. These data suggest that there is a novel @entity5 / @entity10 / @entity8 or @entity9 pathway that has a significant role in MMT and @entity1 in the setting of @entity2 .Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 11 May 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.57.

title: @entity10 modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting @entity8 and XXXX during peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcome of @entity0 presenting with symptoms of uncomplicated @entity1 who were seen by a doctor, with @entity0 who were given treatment following a diagnostic algorithm. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Out-of-hours service, Oslo, Norway. INTERVENTION: @entity0 with typical symptoms of uncomplicated @entity1 were included in the trial in the time period September 2010-November 2011. They were randomized into two groups. One group received standard treatment according to the diagnostic algorithm, the other group received treatment after a regular consultation by a doctor. SUBJECTS: @entity0 (n = 441) aged 16-55 years. Mean age in both groups 27 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of days until symptomatic resolution. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the groups in the basic @entity0 demographics, severity of symptoms, or percentage of urine samples with single culture growth. A median of three days until symptomatic resolution was found in both groups. By day four 79% in the algorithm group and 72% in the regular consultation group were free of symptoms (p = 0.09). The number of @entity0 who contacted a doctor again in the follow-up period and received alternative antibiotic treatment was insignificantly higher (p = 0.08) after regular consultation than after treatment according to the diagnostic algorithm. There were no cases of severe @entity2 or hospital admissions during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Using a diagnostic algorithm is a safe and efficient method for treating @entity0 with symptoms of uncomplicated @entity1 at an out-of-hours service. This simplification of treatment strategy can lead to a more rational use of consultation time and a stricter adherence to National Antibiotic Guidelines for a common disorder.

title: A randomized controlled trial of a diagnostic algorithm for symptoms of uncomplicated XXXX at an out-of-hours service.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three weeks after Typhoon Haiyan, an increasing number of @entity6 cases were reported in Kananga, Leyte, an area where evacuated residents had returned home two days after the disaster. An outbreak investigation was conducted to identify the source and risk factors associated with the increase of @entity8 . METHODS: A case was defined as any @entity0 in Kananga who developed acute @entity2 (>=   3 times/24 hours) and any of the following symptoms: fever, @entity3 , @entity4 or @entity5 from 11 November 2013 to 10 December 2013. Active case finding was conducted by reviewing medical records, and a case-control study was conducted. Rectal swabs and water samples were tested for bacteriological examination. RESULTS: One hundred and five cases were identified. Multivariate analysis revealed that consumption of untreated drinking-water was associated with @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio: 18.2). Both rectal swabs and municipal water samples tested positive for @entity7 . On inspection of the municipal water system, breaks in the distribution pipes were found with some submerged in river water. CONCLUSION: This @entity6 was most likely caused by @entity7 and transmitted through a contaminated water source. This study highlights that areas less damaged by a disaster that do not require ongoing evacuation centres can still have @entity6 . All affected areas should be monitored during a disaster response, not just those with evacuation centres. Boiling or chlorinating of water should also be recommended for all areas affected by disaster.

title: A community-based XXXX outbreak after Typhoon Haiyan, Leyte, Philippines, 2013.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess risk of developing multiple primaries after a diagnosis of @entity5 and to determine the impact that having a family history of @entity2 has on @entity2 risk. METHODS: Data from the Utah Cancer Registry and the Utah Population Database were used. A cohort of 2,236 first primary @entity5 were observed for the subsequent development of additional primary @entity2 . RESULTS: We observed a greater than expected incidence of @entity6 among the cohort. The standardized incidence ratios were 2.77 (95 percent confidence interval (CI), 2.07-3.70), 2.26 (95 percent CI, 1.34-3.81), and 2.38 (95 percent CI, 1.32-4.30), respectively. Having a family history of @entity5 did not greatly influence risk of having a multiple primary. However, there was a trend toward increased risk of @entity6 (hazard rate ratios, 1.99; 95 percent CI, 0.67-5.90) and @entity3 (hazard rate ratios, 2.35; 95 percent CI, 0.77-7.18) among @entity1 with a family history of @entity2 . We also observed that risk of uterine @entity2 in the cohort was positively associated with family history of uterine @entity2 , risk of @entity0 was positively associated with family history of @entity0 , and risk of @entity4 was positively associated with family history of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5 are at a greater risk of developing @entity6 . Although a family history of @entity5 did not have a large impact on developing other @entity2 , a family history of other primary @entity2 did influence risk of other @entity2 .

title: Impact of family history of @entity5 on development of multiple primaries after diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess risk of developing multiple primaries after a diagnosis of @entity5 and to determine the impact that having a family history of @entity2 has on @entity2 risk. METHODS: Data from the Utah Cancer Registry and the Utah Population Database were used. A cohort of 2,236 first primary @entity5 were observed for the subsequent development of additional primary @entity2 . RESULTS: We observed a greater than expected incidence of @entity6 among the cohort. The standardized incidence ratios were 2.77 (95 percent confidence interval (CI), 2.07-3.70), 2.26 (95 percent CI, 1.34-3.81), and 2.38 (95 percent CI, 1.32-4.30), respectively. Having a family history of @entity5 did not greatly influence risk of having a multiple primary. However, there was a trend toward increased risk of @entity6 (hazard rate ratios, 1.99; 95 percent CI, 0.67-5.90) and @entity3 (hazard rate ratios, 2.35; 95 percent CI, 0.77-7.18) among @entity1 with a family history of @entity2 . We also observed that risk of uterine @entity2 in the cohort was positively associated with family history of uterine @entity2 , risk of @entity0 was positively associated with family history of @entity0 , and risk of @entity4 was positively associated with family history of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5 are at a greater risk of developing @entity6 . Although a family history of @entity5 did not have a large impact on developing other @entity2 , a family history of other primary @entity2 did influence risk of other @entity2 .

title: Impact of family history of XXXX on development of multiple primaries after diagnosis of @entity5 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical treatment of @entity2 in @entity1 remains controversial and can be radical (resection of both segments) or conservative (ileal resection with suture or wedge resection of the sigmoid). At our institution, the sigmoid defect is sutured if the sigmoid is not affected by primary @entity1 or by important stricture; otherwise, the sigmoid is resected. We reviewed our experience to evaluate our results with this procedure. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with @entity2 underwent operation. Among them, 15 had a preoperative colonoscopy, whereas others had no endoscopic work-up. In nine @entity0 , the sigmoid was thought to be affected by @entity1 (n = 7) or stricture (n = 2) and was resected. In 21 @entity0 , the sigmoid was thought to be affected by proximity, and a simple suture (n = 15) or wedge resection (n = 6) was performed. Eleven @entity0 had a temporary stoma (37 percent). One had coloprotectomy. RESULTS: One @entity0 died postoperatively. One @entity0 had postoperative sigmoidocutaneous @entity2 after conservative treatment. Histology of the sigmoid specimen showed @entity1 in 8 @entity0 (27 percent), including 5 of 9 resected specimens, and 3 of 21 conservative procedures. All @entity0 with @entity1 did not have preoperative colonoscopy. Nine of 11 stomas were closed in a median delay of four months. With a median delay of nine years, four @entity0 have again undergone surgery for recurrent @entity1 , all of whom underwent surgery initially without preoperative colonoscopy. CONCLUSION: Preoperative endoscopic assessment of the colon is a reliable guide to use when choosing between sigmoid resection or a conservative approach and can result in reduced morbidity and improved long-term results.

title: Surgical management of XXXX in @entity1 : role of preoperative colonoscopy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical treatment of @entity2 in @entity1 remains controversial and can be radical (resection of both segments) or conservative (ileal resection with suture or wedge resection of the sigmoid). At our institution, the sigmoid defect is sutured if the sigmoid is not affected by primary @entity1 or by important stricture; otherwise, the sigmoid is resected. We reviewed our experience to evaluate our results with this procedure. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with @entity2 underwent operation. Among them, 15 had a preoperative colonoscopy, whereas others had no endoscopic work-up. In nine @entity0 , the sigmoid was thought to be affected by @entity1 (n = 7) or stricture (n = 2) and was resected. In 21 @entity0 , the sigmoid was thought to be affected by proximity, and a simple suture (n = 15) or wedge resection (n = 6) was performed. Eleven @entity0 had a temporary stoma (37 percent). One had coloprotectomy. RESULTS: One @entity0 died postoperatively. One @entity0 had postoperative sigmoidocutaneous @entity2 after conservative treatment. Histology of the sigmoid specimen showed @entity1 in 8 @entity0 (27 percent), including 5 of 9 resected specimens, and 3 of 21 conservative procedures. All @entity0 with @entity1 did not have preoperative colonoscopy. Nine of 11 stomas were closed in a median delay of four months. With a median delay of nine years, four @entity0 have again undergone surgery for recurrent @entity1 , all of whom underwent surgery initially without preoperative colonoscopy. CONCLUSION: Preoperative endoscopic assessment of the colon is a reliable guide to use when choosing between sigmoid resection or a conservative approach and can result in reduced morbidity and improved long-term results.

title: Surgical management of @entity2 in XXXX : role of preoperative colonoscopy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: This analysis was undertaken to assess whole abdomen radiation therapy and concurrent @entity7 for @entity2 and patterns of failure in high-risk @entity5 @entity0 after curative surgical resection. METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 were treated adjuvantly after curative resection. Four @entity0 (22 percent) had Stage B and 14 (78 percent) had Stage C disease. Histology was poorly differentiated in 4 (22 percent) and moderately differentiated in 14 (78 percent) @entity0 . Four @entity0 received whole abdominal radiation only, 30 Gy at 1 Gy/day. Fourteen @entity0 had an additional locoregional boost of 9.6 to 16 Gy at 1.6 Gy/day. The liver received 19.8 Gy at 0.67 Gy/day. @entity7 was given as a continuous infusion during therapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of three years, 6 of 18 (33 percent) @entity0 have relapsed. @entity3 occurred locally in 3 of 18 (17 percent) and distantly in 4 of 18 @entity0 (22 percent). Four of six (67 percent) failures occurred in the liver. The five-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival were 78 percent and 66 percent, respectively. Median elapsed time on radiotherapy was 73 days, with 5 of 18 @entity0 (28 percent) requiring two or more weeks of unplanned treatment breaks. Acute Grade 3 to 4 @entity2 ( @entity4 , @entity6 ) occurred in 3 of 18 @entity0 (17 percent), with late complications ( @entity8 ) occurring in 2 of 18 @entity0 (11 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Whole abdominal radiotherapy with concomitant @entity7 appears to improve local control but not to prevent liver @entity1 . Significant @entity2 resulted in frequent interruption of therapy and protracted its course. Whether this adjuvant regimen impacts on survival or offers an advantage over locoregional irradiation remains to be studied.

title: Whole abdominal radiotherapy and concomitant @entity7 as adjuvant therapy in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: This analysis was undertaken to assess whole abdomen radiation therapy and concurrent @entity7 for @entity2 and patterns of failure in high-risk @entity5 @entity0 after curative surgical resection. METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 were treated adjuvantly after curative resection. Four @entity0 (22 percent) had Stage B and 14 (78 percent) had Stage C disease. Histology was poorly differentiated in 4 (22 percent) and moderately differentiated in 14 (78 percent) @entity0 . Four @entity0 received whole abdominal radiation only, 30 Gy at 1 Gy/day. Fourteen @entity0 had an additional locoregional boost of 9.6 to 16 Gy at 1.6 Gy/day. The liver received 19.8 Gy at 0.67 Gy/day. @entity7 was given as a continuous infusion during therapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of three years, 6 of 18 (33 percent) @entity0 have relapsed. @entity3 occurred locally in 3 of 18 (17 percent) and distantly in 4 of 18 @entity0 (22 percent). Four of six (67 percent) failures occurred in the liver. The five-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival were 78 percent and 66 percent, respectively. Median elapsed time on radiotherapy was 73 days, with 5 of 18 @entity0 (28 percent) requiring two or more weeks of unplanned treatment breaks. Acute Grade 3 to 4 @entity2 ( @entity4 , @entity6 ) occurred in 3 of 18 @entity0 (17 percent), with late complications ( @entity8 ) occurring in 2 of 18 @entity0 (11 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Whole abdominal radiotherapy with concomitant @entity7 appears to improve local control but not to prevent liver @entity1 . Significant @entity2 resulted in frequent interruption of therapy and protracted its course. Whether this adjuvant regimen impacts on survival or offers an advantage over locoregional irradiation remains to be studied.

title: Whole abdominal radiotherapy and concomitant XXXX as adjuvant therapy in advanced @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: During a haemodialysis (HD), because of the contact of blood with the surface of the dialyser, the immune system becomes activated and reactive @entity0 species (ROS) are released into plasma. Particularly exposed to the ROS are lipids and proteins contained in plasma, which undergo peroxidation. The main breakdown product of oxidized lipids is the @entity3 ( @entity4 ). A common method for measuring the concentration of @entity4 is a @entity5 reactive substances (TBARS) method. Despite the formation of @entity4 in plasma during HD, its concentration decreases because it is removed from the blood in the dialyser. Therefore, this research proposes the Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance ( @entity6 ) spectroscopy, which enables determination of primary peroxidation products. We examined the influence of the amount of @entity1 added to lipid suspension that was earlier extracted from plasma specimen on lipid peroxidation with use of TBARS and @entity6 methods. Linear correlation between these methods was shown. The proposed method was effective during the evaluation of changes in the extent of lipid peroxidation in plasma during a haemodialysis in @entity2 . A measurement using the @entity6 showed an increase in plasma lipid peroxidation after 15 and 240 minutes of treatment, while the TBARS concentration was respectively lower.

title: Application of XXXX Spectroscopy to Determine the Extent of Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma during Haemodialysis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Distended turgid veins have been noted in the feet of @entity0 with @entity7 . This study assessed the supine venous pressure and its correlation with @entity7 and arteriovenous (AV) shunting in the feet of type I and type II @entity1 subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 with chronic @entity9 , 11 @entity0 with a history of @entity6 , 14 @entity1 control subjects, and 11 normal control subjects were studied. @entity2 was assessed by vibration and thermal thresholds and standard @entity3 tests. Supine venous pressure was measured by insertion of a 21-gauge needle connected to a strain gauge manometer into the veins on the dorsum of the foot. Venous @entity8 was used as a measure of AV shunting. RESULTS: Venous pressure was raised in the group with chronic @entity9 (18.9 +/- 4.2 mmHg, P < 0.001 vs. the @entity1 control group [11.3 +/- 2.6 mmHg]), the normal control group (12.3 +/- 2.3 mmHg, mean +/- SD), and the @entity1 group with a history of @entity6 (16.0 +/- 3.7 mmHg, P = 0.008 vs. @entity1 control subjects and P = 0.04 vs. normal control subjects), with a maximum of 28 mmHg. Venous pressure was correlated with heart rate variation to deep breathing, r = -0.61 (P = 0.001), vibration threshold, r = 0.56 (P = 0.001), Valsalva ratio, r = -0.64 (P -= 0.001), warm threshold, r = 0.69 (P = 0.001), and venous @entity8 , r = 0.43 (P = 0.02). There was no correlation with skin temperature, duration of @entity1 , age, HbA1c, random blood @entity4 , ankle/brachial Doppler index, height, or serum @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Venous pressure is much higher in the @entity1 and is correlated with the severity of @entity2 and with AV shunting.

title: Lower limb venous pressure in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether insulin resistance and microalbuminuria are associated in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Insulin sensitivity was assessed using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in 11 normoalbuminuric and 9 microalbuminuric @entity5 @entity0 matched for sex, age, body composition, glycemic control, @entity1 duration, and therapy. RESULTS: Isotopically determined @entity2 disposal was similar in normo- and microalbuminuric @entity0 in the basal state (mean +/- SD; 3.30 +/- 1.01 vs. 3.46 +/- 0.82 mg.kg lean body mass [LBM]-1. @entity4 ; NS) and during @entity6 (7.16 +/- 2.65 vs. 6.63 +/- 2.88 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity4 ;NS). No difference was observed in nonoxidative @entity2 disposal or lipid oxidation. Endogenous @entity2 production was equally suppressed by insulin (-0.08 +/- 0.99 vs. 0.30 +/- 1.12 mg.kg-1 LBM. @entity4 ; NS). @entity2 oxidation tended to be lower in the normoalbuminuric @entity0 in the basal state (1.16 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.36 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity4 ) and during @entity6 (2.35 +/- 0.72 vs. 2.90 +/- 0.77 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity4 ; both P < 0.15). Urinary albumin excretion rate correlated with the insulin-stimulated @entity2 oxidation rate (r = 0.59, P = 0.0064), and a similar trend was seen in the basal state (r = 0.42, P = 0.063). Protein oxidation was higher in normoalbuminuric @entity0 (1.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.4 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity4 ; P = 0.017) and correlated inversely with @entity3 (r = -0.70, P = 0.0007). Serum growth hormone increased during insulin infusion; however, the increase was significantly greater in microalbuminuric @entity0 . Plasma lipoproteins, maximal aerobic capacity, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Basal and insulin-stimulated @entity2 uptakes are comparable in carefully matched normo- and microalbuminuric @entity5 @entity0 , and @entity2 oxidation may be positively related to @entity3 . The inverse relation between protein oxidation and @entity3 may be due to higher growth hormone levels during daily life perturbations in @entity2 in microalbuminuric @entity0 .

title: Similar insulin sensitivity in XXXX @entity0 with normo- and microalbuminuria.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether insulin resistance and microalbuminuria are associated in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Insulin sensitivity was assessed using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in 11 normoalbuminuric and 9 microalbuminuric @entity5 @entity0 matched for sex, age, body composition, glycemic control, @entity1 duration, and therapy. RESULTS: Isotopically determined @entity2 disposal was similar in normo- and microalbuminuric @entity0 in the basal state (mean +/- SD; 3.30 +/- 1.01 vs. 3.46 +/- 0.82 mg.kg lean body mass [LBM]-1. @entity4 ; NS) and during @entity6 (7.16 +/- 2.65 vs. 6.63 +/- 2.88 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity4 ;NS). No difference was observed in nonoxidative @entity2 disposal or lipid oxidation. Endogenous @entity2 production was equally suppressed by insulin (-0.08 +/- 0.99 vs. 0.30 +/- 1.12 mg.kg-1 LBM. @entity4 ; NS). @entity2 oxidation tended to be lower in the normoalbuminuric @entity0 in the basal state (1.16 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.36 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity4 ) and during @entity6 (2.35 +/- 0.72 vs. 2.90 +/- 0.77 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity4 ; both P < 0.15). Urinary albumin excretion rate correlated with the insulin-stimulated @entity2 oxidation rate (r = 0.59, P = 0.0064), and a similar trend was seen in the basal state (r = 0.42, P = 0.063). Protein oxidation was higher in normoalbuminuric @entity0 (1.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.4 mg.kg LBM-1. @entity4 ; P = 0.017) and correlated inversely with @entity3 (r = -0.70, P = 0.0007). Serum growth hormone increased during insulin infusion; however, the increase was significantly greater in microalbuminuric @entity0 . Plasma lipoproteins, maximal aerobic capacity, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Basal and insulin-stimulated @entity2 uptakes are comparable in carefully matched normo- and microalbuminuric @entity5 @entity0 , and @entity2 oxidation may be positively related to @entity3 . The inverse relation between protein oxidation and @entity3 may be due to higher growth hormone levels during daily life perturbations in @entity2 in microalbuminuric @entity0 .

title: Similar insulin sensitivity in @entity5 XXXX with normo- and microalbuminuria.

answer: @entity0