abstract: In the absence of specific antibody, opsonization of @entity2 may be mediated by the alternative complement pathway (AP) or by @entity3 (CRP) via C1 binding. To determine the role of these mechanisms in pneumococcal (PNC) disease, we studied 19 @entity0 with differing severities of @entity4 . C4 and CRP levels and zymosan-induced consumption of 50% hemolytic complement (CH50) were measured in specimens obtained acutely and then weekly. In @entity0 with complicated illness, the modified mean CH50 in acute sera was 178 +/- 57 U/ml, significantly lower than the mean CH50 of 331 +/- 80 U/ml in @entity0 with @entity1 (P less than 0.05). The values of the two groups on a given day approximated each other on days 7, 14, and 23. Consumption of complement by zymosan was also lower in acute sera of @entity0 with complicated illness, with a mean value of 19 +/- 18 U/ml compared with 58 +/- 30 U/ml in those with @entity1 (P less than 0.05). This difference was also seen on day 7 (P less than 0.05). Disease involving lower-numbered PNC serotypes (less than 10) correlated with reduced availability of AP factors in acute sera, independent of illness severity. Mean CRP levels were inversely related to @entity5 -induced complement activation in @entity0 with complicated illness. These data suggest that in vivo depletion of AP factors is significantly greater in @entity0 with complicated illness and is associated with high CRP levels. CRP may enhance AP activation via C3 convertase generation and function with it as a preantibody host defense mechanism.

title: Relationships between alternative complement pathway activation, @entity3 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of @entity7 on the level of expression of adhesion molecules @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity5 on @entity0 vascular endothelium activated with @entity2 endotoxins or enterotoxin. Lipopolysaccharides were extracted by @entity3 -water method from one nonenterotoxigenic (NTBF) and three enterotoxigenic (ETBF) @entity2 strains. LPS preparations were purified with nucleolytic enzymes and ultracentrifugation. Enteotoxin (BFT) was prepared from the supernatant of reference @entity2 ATCC 43858 culture by precipitation with @entity6 . BFT preparations were purified with the application of ion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography. Adhesion molecule expression on the surface of @entity0 vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1 cell line) was determined after simultaneous stimulation with bacterial compounds at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml and @entity7 at the concentration of 20 micrograms/ml. Endothelial cells were activated for 4 hours ( @entity4 expression) or for 24 hours ( @entity1 and @entity5 expression). Adhesion molecules were detected in immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) with the use of mouse, monoclonal antibodies against @entity0 @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . The results of performed experiments suggest, that @entity7 changes the level of adhesion molecule expression on @entity0 vascular endothelium. This antibiotic causes changes in the expression of endothelial @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity4 during simultaneous stimulation of endothelium with @entity2 endotoxins or enterotoxin. In the majority of cases the addition of @entity7 leads to the up-regulation of examined adhesion molecules.

title: [Stimulation of adhesion molecule expression in @entity0 vascular endothelium by @entity2 toxins--influence of XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of @entity7 on the level of expression of adhesion molecules @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity5 on @entity0 vascular endothelium activated with @entity2 endotoxins or enterotoxin. Lipopolysaccharides were extracted by @entity3 -water method from one nonenterotoxigenic (NTBF) and three enterotoxigenic (ETBF) @entity2 strains. LPS preparations were purified with nucleolytic enzymes and ultracentrifugation. Enteotoxin (BFT) was prepared from the supernatant of reference @entity2 ATCC 43858 culture by precipitation with @entity6 . BFT preparations were purified with the application of ion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography. Adhesion molecule expression on the surface of @entity0 vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1 cell line) was determined after simultaneous stimulation with bacterial compounds at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml and @entity7 at the concentration of 20 micrograms/ml. Endothelial cells were activated for 4 hours ( @entity4 expression) or for 24 hours ( @entity1 and @entity5 expression). Adhesion molecules were detected in immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) with the use of mouse, monoclonal antibodies against @entity0 @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . The results of performed experiments suggest, that @entity7 changes the level of adhesion molecule expression on @entity0 vascular endothelium. This antibiotic causes changes in the expression of endothelial @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity4 during simultaneous stimulation of endothelium with @entity2 endotoxins or enterotoxin. In the majority of cases the addition of @entity7 leads to the up-regulation of examined adhesion molecules.

title: [Stimulation of adhesion molecule expression in @entity0 vascular endothelium by XXXX toxins--influence of @entity7 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of @entity7 on the level of expression of adhesion molecules @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity5 on @entity0 vascular endothelium activated with @entity2 endotoxins or enterotoxin. Lipopolysaccharides were extracted by @entity3 -water method from one nonenterotoxigenic (NTBF) and three enterotoxigenic (ETBF) @entity2 strains. LPS preparations were purified with nucleolytic enzymes and ultracentrifugation. Enteotoxin (BFT) was prepared from the supernatant of reference @entity2 ATCC 43858 culture by precipitation with @entity6 . BFT preparations were purified with the application of ion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography. Adhesion molecule expression on the surface of @entity0 vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1 cell line) was determined after simultaneous stimulation with bacterial compounds at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml and @entity7 at the concentration of 20 micrograms/ml. Endothelial cells were activated for 4 hours ( @entity4 expression) or for 24 hours ( @entity1 and @entity5 expression). Adhesion molecules were detected in immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) with the use of mouse, monoclonal antibodies against @entity0 @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . The results of performed experiments suggest, that @entity7 changes the level of adhesion molecule expression on @entity0 vascular endothelium. This antibiotic causes changes in the expression of endothelial @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity4 during simultaneous stimulation of endothelium with @entity2 endotoxins or enterotoxin. In the majority of cases the addition of @entity7 leads to the up-regulation of examined adhesion molecules.

title: [Stimulation of adhesion molecule expression in XXXX vascular endothelium by @entity2 toxins--influence of @entity7 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: February 2009: The authors are aware of unpublished trial data for @entity5 which could affect the results of this review. This information together with that from trials published since 2005, will be considered when this review is updated in 2009.Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the management of @entity3 since the 1960s. The clinical impression is that they are useful for chronic @entity2 , especially when the @entity3 is lancinating or burning. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness and adverse effects of @entity5 for @entity3 management in clinical practice. SEARCH STRATEGY: Randomised trials of @entity5 in acute, chronic or @entity1 were identified by MEDLINE (1966 to Nov 2004), EMBASE (1994 to Nov 2004), SIGLE (1980 to Jan 2004) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2004). Additional studies were identified from the reference list of the retrieved papers, and by contacting investigators. Date of most recent search: January 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials reporting the analgesic effects of @entity5 in @entity0 with subjective @entity3 assessment as either the primary or a secondary outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two independent review authors, and trials were quality scored. Numbers-needed-to-treat-to-benefit (NNTs) were calculated, where possible, from dichotomous data for effectiveness, adverse effects and drug-related study withdrawal. MAIN RESULTS: Fourteen reports describing 15 studies of @entity5 were considered eligible (1468 @entity0 ). One was a study of acute @entity3 . The remainder included the following conditions: post-herpetic @entity2 (two studies), @entity6 (seven studies), a @entity1 related @entity2 (one study) phantom @entity3 (one study), @entity7 (one study), spinal chord @entity3 (one study) and various @entity2 (one study).The study in acute post-operative @entity3 (70 @entity0 ) showed no benefit for @entity5 compared to placebo for @entity3 at rest.In @entity4 , the NNT for improvement in all trials with evaluable data is 4.3 (95% CI 3.5 to 5.7). Forty two percent of @entity0 improved on @entity5 compared to 19% on placebo. The number needed to harm (NNH) for adverse events leading to withdrawal from a trial was not significant. Fourteen percent of @entity0 withdrew from active arms compared to 10% in placebo arms. The NNH for minor harm was 3.7 (95% CI 2.4 to 5.4). The NNT for effective @entity3 relief in @entity6 was 2.9 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.3) and for post herpetic @entity2 3.9 (95% CI 3 to 5.7). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to show that @entity5 is effective in @entity2 . There is limited evidence to show that @entity5 is ineffective in acute @entity3 .

title: WITHDRAWN: @entity5 for acute and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: February 2009: The authors are aware of unpublished trial data for @entity5 which could affect the results of this review. This information together with that from trials published since 2005, will be considered when this review is updated in 2009.Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the management of @entity3 since the 1960s. The clinical impression is that they are useful for chronic @entity2 , especially when the @entity3 is lancinating or burning. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness and adverse effects of @entity5 for @entity3 management in clinical practice. SEARCH STRATEGY: Randomised trials of @entity5 in acute, chronic or @entity1 were identified by MEDLINE (1966 to Nov 2004), EMBASE (1994 to Nov 2004), SIGLE (1980 to Jan 2004) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2004). Additional studies were identified from the reference list of the retrieved papers, and by contacting investigators. Date of most recent search: January 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials reporting the analgesic effects of @entity5 in @entity0 with subjective @entity3 assessment as either the primary or a secondary outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two independent review authors, and trials were quality scored. Numbers-needed-to-treat-to-benefit (NNTs) were calculated, where possible, from dichotomous data for effectiveness, adverse effects and drug-related study withdrawal. MAIN RESULTS: Fourteen reports describing 15 studies of @entity5 were considered eligible (1468 @entity0 ). One was a study of acute @entity3 . The remainder included the following conditions: post-herpetic @entity2 (two studies), @entity6 (seven studies), a @entity1 related @entity2 (one study) phantom @entity3 (one study), @entity7 (one study), spinal chord @entity3 (one study) and various @entity2 (one study).The study in acute post-operative @entity3 (70 @entity0 ) showed no benefit for @entity5 compared to placebo for @entity3 at rest.In @entity4 , the NNT for improvement in all trials with evaluable data is 4.3 (95% CI 3.5 to 5.7). Forty two percent of @entity0 improved on @entity5 compared to 19% on placebo. The number needed to harm (NNH) for adverse events leading to withdrawal from a trial was not significant. Fourteen percent of @entity0 withdrew from active arms compared to 10% in placebo arms. The NNH for minor harm was 3.7 (95% CI 2.4 to 5.4). The NNT for effective @entity3 relief in @entity6 was 2.9 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.3) and for post herpetic @entity2 3.9 (95% CI 3 to 5.7). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to show that @entity5 is effective in @entity2 . There is limited evidence to show that @entity5 is ineffective in acute @entity3 .

title: WITHDRAWN: XXXX for acute and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard treatment for high grade @entity1 (HGG) usually entails surgery (either biopsy or resection) followed by radiotherapy plus or minus @entity2 . Implanting wafers impregnated with chemotherapy agents into the resection cavity represents a novel means of delivering drugs directly to the resection cavity with potentially fewer systemic side effects. It is not clear how effective this modality is or whether it should be recommended as part of standard care for @entity0 with HGG. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy wafers for @entity0 with HGG. SEARCH STRATEGY: The following databases were searched: CENTRAL (issue 4. 2010); MEDLINE and EMBASE. The original search strategy also included: Science Citation Index; Physician Data Query; and the meta-Register of Controlled Trials. Reference lists of all identified studies were searched. The Journal of Neuro-Oncology and Neuro-oncology were hand searched from 1999 to 2010, including all conference abstracts. Neuro-oncologists, trial authors and drug manufacturers were contacted regarding ongoing and unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity0 included those of all ages with a histologically proven diagnosis of HGG (using intra-operative analysis when undergoing first resection). Therapy could be instigated for either newly diagnosed disease (primary therapy) or at recurrence. Interventions included insertion of chemotherapy wafers to the resection cavity. Included studies had to be randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent review authors assessed the search results for relevance and undertook critical appraisal according to pre-specified guidelines. MAIN RESULTS: In primary disease two RCTs assessing the effect of @entity3 impregnated wafers (Gliadel  ) and enrolling a total of 272 @entity0 were identified. Survival was increased with Gliadel   compared to placebo (hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.48 to 0.86, P = 0.003). In recurrent disease a single RCT was included comparing Gliadel   with placebo and enrolled 222 @entity0 . It did not demonstrate a significant survival increase (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.10, P = 0.2). There was no suitable data for any of the secondary outcome measures. Adverse events were not more common in either arm and are presented in a descriptive fashion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 impregnated wafers (Gliadel  ) result in improved survival without an increased incidence of adverse events over placebo wafers when used for primary disease therapy. There is no evidence of benefit for any other outcome measures. In recurrent disease Gliadel   does not appear to confer any additional benefit.

title: Chemotherapy wafers for high grade XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Surgical treatment of metastatic @entity3 of long bones is mostly a palliative one. Intramedullary stabilisation without resection of @entity1 follows the aim of the palliative therapy concept. @entity0 AND METHODS: From 01.01.1995 to 30.08.2001 36 manifest and 4 impending @entity3 were registered in 22 female and 16 male @entity0 , with a mean age of 63 years. In addition, one revision was necessary due to persisting instability after humeral intramedullary bundle nailing. @entity3 were found in the humerus (n=11), femoral neck (n=6), per- and subtrochanteric region (n=12), femoral shaft (n=10) and tibia (n=2). Most of them were @entity2 of the kidneys (n=13), bronchi (n=7) and breast (n=6). One @entity0 with a solitary metastasis in the humerus received curative treatment by resection, open reduction and internal fixation. All other cases underwent palliative stabilisation. Metastatic lesions of the femoral neck were treated by resection and prosthetic replacement. The remaining @entity3 were stabilized intramedullarily without resection of @entity1 or use of bone cement. In 9 cases, a locking nail was implanted in the humerus, and one @entity0 received humeral bundle nailing. In the lower extremities, we used a classic-nail or gamma-nail in 15 and a locking nail in 8 cases. Two moribund @entity0 did not undergo surgery. RESULTS: No intraoperative complications occurred. 63 % of the @entity0 with stabilisation of the leg were able to walk at the time of discharge. The mean survival time (Kaplan-Meier) of @entity0 after palliative operation amounted to 161.5 days (95 % CI 92.7; 230.3). We found 6 postoperative complications: temporary palsy of the radial nerve (n=1), soft tissue infection (n=1), dislocation of the nail (n=2), loosening of the distal locking screw (n=1), proceeding @entity4 with high fracture risk (n=1). CONCLUSION: Intramedullary stabilisation without resection of @entity1 using locking nails meets the requirements of palliative therapy. This procedure is less invasive and allows early weight bearing.

title: [Intramedullary stabilisation of metastatic XXXX of long bones].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The current classification of diffuse low-grade @entity2 is based mainly on histopathological criteria, which cannot accurately predict the highly variable clinical course observed in @entity0 with such @entity1 . In an attempt to increase pathogenetic understanding of these @entity1 , we investigated 38 WHO @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity3 using a combination of G-band chromosome analysis and high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR-CGH). Abnormal karyotypes were found in 41% of @entity1 . Karyotypes of @entity3 and @entity4 were near-diploid whereas @entity3 also displayed near-tetraploid clones. The most common aberrations were losses of chromosomes X, Y, 3, 4, 6, and 11 and gains of chromosomes 8 and 12. The only recurrent structural rearrangement was del(6)(q21). HR-CGH analysis verified karyotyping findings but also revealed frequent losses at 1p, 17q, and 19q and gains of 7q, 10p, 11q, and 20p. Among the @entity1 were two gemistocytic @entity3 , a subgroup of diffuse @entity3 with a particular predisposition for progression but not studied cytogenetically before; one showed a near-diploid, complex karyotype with structural aberrations of chromosomes 1, 3, and 11 whereas both displayed simple aberrations including loss of 11p by HR-CGH. Our findings suggest that within diffuse low-grade @entity2 are genetically distinct entities that do not fit the currently used classification. In addition, @entity1 with complex chromosomal aberrations had a higher tendency for aggressive @entity1 behavior (shorter progression-free survival) than @entity1 displaying simple aberrations only (P = 0.07). This could help identify genetic subsets of @entity0 with @entity2 who might benefit from early antineoplastic therapy.

title: Genomic aberrations in diffuse low-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and its receptor ( @entity3 ) are key components in the genesis of adaptation after small bowel resection (SBR). Within intestinal homogenates, @entity3 expression is increased after SBR; however, the exact cells responsible for altered @entity3 expression are unknown. In this study, laser capture microdissection (LCM) microscopy was used to elucidate the specific cellular compartment(s) responsible for postresection changes in @entity3 expression. METHODS: Male ICR @entity0 underwent a 50% proximal SBR or sham operation. After 3 days, frozen sections were taken from the remnant ileum. Individual cells from villi, crypt, muscularis, and mesenchymal compartments were isolated by LCM. @entity3 mRNA expression for each cell compartment was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: @entity3 expression was increased after SBR within the crypt (2-fold) and muscularis compartments (3-fold). There were no changes detected after SBR in the villus tips or mesenchymal compartments. CONCLUSIONS: Increased expression of @entity3 in crypts directly correlates with the zone of cell proliferation and supports the hypothesis that @entity3 signaling is crucial for the mitogenic stimulus for adaptation. The finding of increased @entity3 expression in the muscular compartment is novel and may implicate a role for @entity3 as a mediator of the @entity1 seen after massive SBR.

title: Localization of postresection XXXX receptor expression using laser capture microdissection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The @entity1 -induced @entity0 model of @entity2 and @entity3 (EA/ @entity7 ) provides a reliable system for the study of EA/ @entity7 pathogenesis. The authors previously hypothesized that faulty branching lung morphogenesis pathways were a critical component of its pathogenesis. The authors have found evidence for faulty fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling related to epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the fistula tract. To better define FGF signaling, the differential expression of FGF ligands and their receptors between lung, fistula tract, and esophagus are described. METHODS: Time-dated pregnant, @entity0 were injected with @entity1 (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on days 6 through 9 of gestation. Tissues were processed for histology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. @entity4 were measured from whole lung, fistula tract, and esophagus of @entity7 or normal embryos. Expression of FGF2RIIIb and FGF2RIIIc receptors was measured in isolated epithelium and mesenchyme of lung and fistula tract of @entity7 embryos as well as lung and esophagus from normal controls. RESULTS: @entity4 mRNA was present in the fistula tract and normal and @entity1 -exposed lung but absent from whole esophagus. Interestingly, @entity5 mRNA was present only in normal lung. @entity6 was present in all tissues examined. FGF2RIIIb mRNA was absent in fistula mesenchyme but present in all other tissues examined. However, the splice variant FGF2RIIIc mRNA was present in all tissues examined. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support defective FGF signaling in the @entity0 model of @entity7 . Absence of @entity5 mRNA in @entity1 -exposed tissues suggests the primary effect of @entity1 may be to inhibit @entity5 expression. Moreover, absence of FGF2RIIIb in fistula mesenchyme may be caused by loss of positive feedback from @entity5 , its normal obligate ligand. Understanding these specific defects in FGF signaling may provide insight into faulty mechanisms of @entity7 .

title: Fibroblast growth factor signaling in the developing XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), occurring in many @entity1 , has been difficult to measure noninvasively in @entity0 . Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging measures BBB permeability. However, important technical challenges remain and normative data from healthy @entity0 is lacking. We report the implementation of a method for measuring BBB permeability, originally developed in animals, to estimate BBB permeability in both healthy subjects and @entity0 with white matter pathology. Fast T(1) mapping was used to measure the leakage of contrast agent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from plasma into brain. A quarter of the standard @entity2 dose for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was found to give both sufficient contrast-to-noise and high T(1) sensitivity. The Patlak graphical approach was used to calculate the permeability from changes in 1/T(1). Permeability constants were compared with cerebrospinal fluid albumin index. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for white matter BBB permeability for normal subjects was 3 * 10(-4) L/g min. MRI measurements were not [corrected] correlated strongly with levels of cerebrospinal fluid albumin in those subjects undergoing lumbar puncture. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with low dose @entity2 and fast T(1) imaging is a sensitive method to measure subtle differences in BBB permeability in @entity0 and may have advantages over techniques based purely on the measurement of pixel contrast changes.

title: Quantitative measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability in XXXX using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with fast T1 mapping.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resection of @entity7 and upper @entity6 is considered a demanding procedure in laparoscopic surgery. Robotics could aid laparoscopic dissection of the oesophago-gastric junction and oesophageal @entity5 , enlarging indications for a minimally invasive approach to these @entity1 . METHODS: Data from 17 consecutive @entity0 with histologically proved @entity2 were collected in a prospective database to assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic robot-assisted radical surgery, using the four-arm da Vinci surgical system. The type of surgery was chosen according to Siewert recommendations. Outcome measures were conversion rate, intra- and post-operative morbidity and mortality, operative time, @entity3 , number of lymph nodes harvested and macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of resection margins. RESULTS: Seventeen laparoscopic operations were completed without conversion (14 extended gastrectomies, two transhiatal distal oesophagectomies and one transthoracic distal oesophagectomy). Extended lymph node dissection and oesophago-jejunal @entity5 were successfully carried out using the da Vinci system. Mean operative time was 327.2    93.4 min and @entity3 279    199 ml. The mean number of nodes retrieved was 28    9 and all resection margins were negative. There was no mortality and overall morbidity was acceptably low (41.1%). During a mean follow-up time of 20 months, four recurrences were recorded (two multivisceral, one to the lung and one nodal), with two recurrence-related @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical surgery of the oesophago-gastric junction is feasible and safe. Longer follow-up time and randomized studies are needed to evaluate the long-term outcome and advantages for the @entity0 of this new technology.

title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic management of XXXX according to Siewert recommendations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To establish a non-traumatic, easy to induce and reproducible @entity2 model of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) induced with @entity14 and lipopolyasccharide (LPS). METHODS: Thirty-two healthy mature NIH female @entity2 were selected and divided at random into four groups (each of 8 @entity2 ), i.e., the control group ( @entity13 group), the @entity14 group (Cn group), the lipopolysaccharide group (LPS group), and the @entity14 +LPS group (Cn+LPS group). @entity2 were injected intraperitoneally with @entity14 only, or LPS only, and @entity14 and LPS in combination. All the animals were then killed by neck dislocation three hours after the last intraperitoneal injection. The pancreas and exo-pancreatic organs were then carefully removed for microscopic examination. And the pancreatic acinus was further observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pancreatic weight, serum amylase, serum @entity9 (NO) concentration, @entity5 dismutase (SOD) and @entity10 ( @entity11 ) concentration of the pancreas were assayed respectively. RESULTS: (1) @entity13 animals displayed normal pancreatic structure both in the exocrine and endocrine. In the LPS group, the pancreas was slightly @entity1 , with the @entity12 of a few inflammatory cells and the @entity4 of the adjacent fat tissues. All the animals of the Cn group showed distinct signs of a mild @entity8 characterized by @entity1 , @entity12 of neutrophil and mononuclear cells, but without obvious parenchyma @entity4 and @entity6 . In contrast, the Cn+LPS group showed more diffuse focal areas of nonviable pancreatic and @entity6 as well as systemic organ dysfunction. According to Schmidt's criteria, the pancreatic histologic score showed that there existed significant difference in the Cn+LPS group in the @entity1 , @entity3 , parenchyma @entity4 and parenchyma homorrhage in comparison with those of the Cn group, LPS group and @entity13 group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). (2) The ultrasturcture of acinar cells was seriously damaged in the Cn+LPS group. Chromatin margination of nuclei was present, the number and volume of vacuoles greatly increased. Zymogen granules (ZGs) were greatly decreased in number and endoplasmic reticulum exhibited whorls. The swollen mitochondria appeared, the crista of which was decreased in number or disappeared. (3) Pancreatic weight and serum amylase levels in the Cn +LPS was significantly higher than those of the @entity13 group and the LPS group respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05). However, the pancreatic wet weight and serum amylase concentration showed no significant difference between the Cn+LPS group and the Cn group. (4) NO concentration in the Cn+LPS group was significantly higher than that of @entity13 group, LPS group and Cn group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) The SOD and @entity11 concentration of the pancreas in the Cn+LPS group were significantly higher than those of @entity13 , LPS and Cn groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The @entity2 model of @entity7 could be induced with @entity14 and LPS, which could be non-traumatic and easy to induce, reproducible with the same pathological characteristics as those of @entity7 in @entity0 , and could be used in the research on the mechanism of @entity0 @entity7 .

title: A @entity2 model of @entity7 induced with XXXX and lipopolysaccharide.

answer: @entity14


abstract: AIM: To establish a non-traumatic, easy to induce and reproducible @entity2 model of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) induced with @entity14 and lipopolyasccharide (LPS). METHODS: Thirty-two healthy mature NIH female @entity2 were selected and divided at random into four groups (each of 8 @entity2 ), i.e., the control group ( @entity13 group), the @entity14 group (Cn group), the lipopolysaccharide group (LPS group), and the @entity14 +LPS group (Cn+LPS group). @entity2 were injected intraperitoneally with @entity14 only, or LPS only, and @entity14 and LPS in combination. All the animals were then killed by neck dislocation three hours after the last intraperitoneal injection. The pancreas and exo-pancreatic organs were then carefully removed for microscopic examination. And the pancreatic acinus was further observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pancreatic weight, serum amylase, serum @entity9 (NO) concentration, @entity5 dismutase (SOD) and @entity10 ( @entity11 ) concentration of the pancreas were assayed respectively. RESULTS: (1) @entity13 animals displayed normal pancreatic structure both in the exocrine and endocrine. In the LPS group, the pancreas was slightly @entity1 , with the @entity12 of a few inflammatory cells and the @entity4 of the adjacent fat tissues. All the animals of the Cn group showed distinct signs of a mild @entity8 characterized by @entity1 , @entity12 of neutrophil and mononuclear cells, but without obvious parenchyma @entity4 and @entity6 . In contrast, the Cn+LPS group showed more diffuse focal areas of nonviable pancreatic and @entity6 as well as systemic organ dysfunction. According to Schmidt's criteria, the pancreatic histologic score showed that there existed significant difference in the Cn+LPS group in the @entity1 , @entity3 , parenchyma @entity4 and parenchyma homorrhage in comparison with those of the Cn group, LPS group and @entity13 group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). (2) The ultrasturcture of acinar cells was seriously damaged in the Cn+LPS group. Chromatin margination of nuclei was present, the number and volume of vacuoles greatly increased. Zymogen granules (ZGs) were greatly decreased in number and endoplasmic reticulum exhibited whorls. The swollen mitochondria appeared, the crista of which was decreased in number or disappeared. (3) Pancreatic weight and serum amylase levels in the Cn +LPS was significantly higher than those of the @entity13 group and the LPS group respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05). However, the pancreatic wet weight and serum amylase concentration showed no significant difference between the Cn+LPS group and the Cn group. (4) NO concentration in the Cn+LPS group was significantly higher than that of @entity13 group, LPS group and Cn group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) The SOD and @entity11 concentration of the pancreas in the Cn+LPS group were significantly higher than those of @entity13 , LPS and Cn groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The @entity2 model of @entity7 could be induced with @entity14 and LPS, which could be non-traumatic and easy to induce, reproducible with the same pathological characteristics as those of @entity7 in @entity0 , and could be used in the research on the mechanism of @entity0 @entity7 .

title: A @entity2 model of XXXX induced with @entity14 and lipopolysaccharide.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIM: To establish a non-traumatic, easy to induce and reproducible @entity2 model of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) induced with @entity14 and lipopolyasccharide (LPS). METHODS: Thirty-two healthy mature NIH female @entity2 were selected and divided at random into four groups (each of 8 @entity2 ), i.e., the control group ( @entity13 group), the @entity14 group (Cn group), the lipopolysaccharide group (LPS group), and the @entity14 +LPS group (Cn+LPS group). @entity2 were injected intraperitoneally with @entity14 only, or LPS only, and @entity14 and LPS in combination. All the animals were then killed by neck dislocation three hours after the last intraperitoneal injection. The pancreas and exo-pancreatic organs were then carefully removed for microscopic examination. And the pancreatic acinus was further observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pancreatic weight, serum amylase, serum @entity9 (NO) concentration, @entity5 dismutase (SOD) and @entity10 ( @entity11 ) concentration of the pancreas were assayed respectively. RESULTS: (1) @entity13 animals displayed normal pancreatic structure both in the exocrine and endocrine. In the LPS group, the pancreas was slightly @entity1 , with the @entity12 of a few inflammatory cells and the @entity4 of the adjacent fat tissues. All the animals of the Cn group showed distinct signs of a mild @entity8 characterized by @entity1 , @entity12 of neutrophil and mononuclear cells, but without obvious parenchyma @entity4 and @entity6 . In contrast, the Cn+LPS group showed more diffuse focal areas of nonviable pancreatic and @entity6 as well as systemic organ dysfunction. According to Schmidt's criteria, the pancreatic histologic score showed that there existed significant difference in the Cn+LPS group in the @entity1 , @entity3 , parenchyma @entity4 and parenchyma homorrhage in comparison with those of the Cn group, LPS group and @entity13 group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). (2) The ultrasturcture of acinar cells was seriously damaged in the Cn+LPS group. Chromatin margination of nuclei was present, the number and volume of vacuoles greatly increased. Zymogen granules (ZGs) were greatly decreased in number and endoplasmic reticulum exhibited whorls. The swollen mitochondria appeared, the crista of which was decreased in number or disappeared. (3) Pancreatic weight and serum amylase levels in the Cn +LPS was significantly higher than those of the @entity13 group and the LPS group respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05). However, the pancreatic wet weight and serum amylase concentration showed no significant difference between the Cn+LPS group and the Cn group. (4) NO concentration in the Cn+LPS group was significantly higher than that of @entity13 group, LPS group and Cn group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) The SOD and @entity11 concentration of the pancreas in the Cn+LPS group were significantly higher than those of @entity13 , LPS and Cn groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The @entity2 model of @entity7 could be induced with @entity14 and LPS, which could be non-traumatic and easy to induce, reproducible with the same pathological characteristics as those of @entity7 in @entity0 , and could be used in the research on the mechanism of @entity0 @entity7 .

title: A XXXX model of @entity7 induced with @entity14 and lipopolysaccharide.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency department visits are rising although birth rate is decreasing. OBJECTIVE: To compare emergency department.( @entity1 ) utilization in the cohorts of @entity0 born in 1991 and 1996 in a health district. METHOD: We performed a two-year retrospective cohort study in the health district of Mieres (Spain). All @entity0 born in the health district in 1991 (n 600) and 1996 (n 423) were included. The number of visits to the @entity1 was obtained and the frequency and mean number of visits in the first 2 years of life were calculated according to age, sex, and area of residence. RESULTS: The gross number of visits did not vary (1991: 852; 1996: 853), despite a decrease in birth rate. The number of @entity0 who attended the @entity1 at least once increased by 34.8 % (1991, 60.6 %; 1996, 82 %) and the frequency of visits increased by 41.7 % (1991, 142.2 %; 1996, 201.4 %). More than 60 % of visits were made by 20 % (1991) of the @entity0 and by 29 % (1996). The percentage of @entity0 who attended the @entity1 , the frequency rate and the mean number of visits were significantly higher in the municipality nearest the hospital than in the remaining municipalities in the health district. CONCLUSIONS: Although the gross number of visits to the @entity1 remained unchanged, @entity1 utilization increased substantially in only 5 years.

title: [Emergency department utilization by XXXX aged less than two years old].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity2 compositions of proteins from halophilic archaea were compared with those from non-halophilic mesophiles and thermophiles, in terms of the protein surface and interior, on a genome-wide scale. As we previously reported for proteins from thermophiles, a biased @entity2 composition also exists in halophiles, in which an abundance of acidic residues was found on the protein surface as compared to the interior. This general feature did not seem to depend on the individual protein structures, but was applicable to all proteins encoded within the entire genome. Unique protein surface compositions are common in both halophiles and thermophiles. Statistical tests have shown that significant surface compositional differences exist among halophiles, non-halophiles, and thermophiles, while the interior composition within each of the three types of organisms does not significantly differ. Although thermophilic proteins have an almost equal abundance of both acidic and basic residues, a large excess of acidic residues in halophilic proteins seems to be compensated by fewer basic residues. @entity4 , @entity0 , @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity3 significantly contributed to the compositional differences of halophiles from meso- and thermophiles. Among them, however, only @entity4 deviated largely from the expected amount estimated from the dinucleotide composition of the genomic DNA sequence of the halophile, which has an extremely high G+C content (68%). Thus, the other residues with large deviations (Lys, Ala, etc.) from their non-halophilic frequencies could have arisen merely as "dragging effects" caused by the compositional shift of the DNA, which would have changed to increase principally the fraction of @entity4 alone.

title: Unique XXXX composition of proteins in halophilic bacteria.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To increase the skin permeation of large peptides like insulin, it is necessary to utilize a combination of enhancement strategies. In this regard, this study investigated the effect of @entity3 / @entity1 combination in comparison to @entity1 and neat @entity4 on transdermal iontophoretic permeation of insulin. Ex-vivo experiments were conducted using full thickness @entity0 skin after pre-treatment for 2 h with 5% of @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity7 in @entity1 ; @entity1 alone; neat @entity6 with and without iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm(2); 6 h). FT-IR studies were carried out using @entity0 epidermal sheets after pre-treatment with enhancer solution for 2 h and tritiated water permeation studies was used to investigate the alteration in skin barrier property after enhancer or current treatment. The lag time was significantly reduced (P<0.05) with @entity4 / @entity1 pre-treatment in comparison to passive control and @entity1 pre-treatment, although there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the @entity3 . Synergistic enhancement in flux was observed with @entity4 / @entity1 , and @entity6 / @entity1 showed highest enhancement among the @entity4 / @entity1 combinations. On the other hand, enhancement with neat @entity6 was higher than with @entity6 / @entity1 . FT-IR studies showed that @entity4 / @entity1 , @entity1 and neat @entity4 act at the intercellular lipids. The skin barrier property was significantly (P<0.05) compromised with neat @entity6 treatment. Iontophoresis had a lesser effect on skin barrier property compared to chemical enhancer pre-treatment. @entity4 / @entity1 caused synergistic enhancement of insulin permeation when combined with iontophoresis and was influenced by the type and concentration of @entity4 .

title: Transdermal iontophoresis of insulin. V. Effect of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are maladies that produce multiple symptoms. Suffering from these symptoms attributes @entity0 to an illness and self-treat or seek medical care. The objective of this study is to determine the relation between @entity1 and demographic factors using population pyramid. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted from May 2006 to December 2007 Tehran province, Iran. The questionnaire included personal and family characteristics such as age, gender, and educational level. In addition to this, interviewers asked about 10 @entity2 . Comparison prevalence of @entity2 among age groups was made via population pyramid. All analysis carried out using SPSS version 16. RESULTS: A total of 30,334 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of @entity2 increased with increasing age. Moreover, @entity0 had higher prevalence of symptoms and the @entity2 were more prevalent in married individuals than single one. CONCLUSION: Age is dynamic in the sense that individuals continually age. It is the timing and sequencing of such changes that could be incorporated into analyses of health. So age pyramid is a flexible way to evaluate the effect of this factor on health in population.

title: Impact of demographic factors on XXXX using population pyramid.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is a rare disease that predominantly affects @entity0 . The Medsger severity scale has been used to assess the severity, but it requires expensive and poorly accessible studies and it does not include complications such acrosteolysis, @entity2 , @entity1 or @entity4 that occur on a relatively frequent basis in this disease. There is no study that considers if comorbidities, such as @entity5 , are related to gravity. OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation between severity and the presence of such complications. METHODS: 40 @entity0 with @entity3 , dividing them into tertiles according to severity were studied. Dichotomous variables were described using percentages, while dimensional by averages+SD. Statistical inference was performed using chi square test or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn post-test, as appropriate. A significance at P<.05 was set. RESULTS: Of all the complications studied there were only differences in severity with acrosteolysis. Within comorbidities, @entity5 is not associated with gravity.

title: Acro-osteolysis as an indicator of severity in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Respiratory-induced @entity1 motion of upper @entity3 during radiation therapy is often assessed using a single 4-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) and presumed to be representative during fractionated treatment regimens. The purpose of this study was to examine the intra- and interfraction correlations of @entity1 motion between pretreatment 4D-CT and real-time fiducial-based motion tracking in @entity0 treated with fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for upper @entity2 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fourteen @entity0 with @entity3 underwent fractionated SBRT using the CyberKnife radiosurgical system with Synchrony respiratory motion management. Before treatment, each @entity0 underwent a free-breathing 4D-CT scan and fiducial motion was tracked for each phase of the respiratory cycle. Real-time fiducial positions recorded during delivery of each SBRT fraction were extracted from the CyberKnife planning system. Displacements were compared between those predicted by 4D-CT and those recorded by Synchrony during treatment in the left-right (LR), anteroposterior (AP), and superoinferior (SI) directions. RESULTS: The 4D-CT scans demonstrated little correlation with real-time mean fiducial displacement as determined by Pearson correlation with coefficients of 0.45, 0.52, and 0.63 in the SI, AP, and LR directions, respectively. Cohort-averaged maximum fiducial displacements based on 4D-CT and real-time tracking were measured to be 3.86    1.40 mm versus 10.73    7.03 mm, 2.29    1.02 mm versus 4.44    3.33 mm, and 1.45    0.49 mm versus 2.67    2.49 mm in the SI, AP, and LR directions, respectively. Mean fiducial displacements were greater than that predicted by the maximum displacements on the corresponding 4D-CT scan in 39%, 22%, and 25% of SBRT fractions in the SI, AP, and LR directions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of 4D-CT with real-time fiducial tracking demonstrated significant inter- and intrafractional discrepancies, particularly in the SI direction, which could result in compromise of target coverage when planning with a single free-breathing 4D-CT.

title: Four-dimensional computed tomography prediction of inter- and intrafractional upper XXXX motion during fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Seeds sprouts have been used as a good source of basic nutrients and nutraceutical compounds. The high nutritional value of seeds derives from the deposition of compounds during development. However some of these molecules are used in metabolic processes like germination, which leads to a considerable variation in their concentrations once these events are completed. In this work, we investigate the levels of @entity8 ( @entity3 , @entity9 and @entity10 ), soluble @entity2 and proteins in cotyledons of @entity5 and @entity6 sprouts. Sprouting increased @entity3 and @entity0 content and reduction of @entity4 and @entity10 was observed. The protein levels increased in @entity7 and decreased in @entity6 sprouting. The level of @entity1 was maintained in both sprouts. @entity9 was detected only in quiescent seeds. Our results suggested that bean sprout is an important source of proteins, @entity1 , @entity0 and @entity3 . Additionally, bean sprouts have low levels of @entity4 , an antinutritional compound.

title: Free cyclitol, soluble carbohydrate and protein contents in XXXX and @entity5 bean sprouts.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Seeds sprouts have been used as a good source of basic nutrients and nutraceutical compounds. The high nutritional value of seeds derives from the deposition of compounds during development. However some of these molecules are used in metabolic processes like germination, which leads to a considerable variation in their concentrations once these events are completed. In this work, we investigate the levels of @entity8 ( @entity3 , @entity9 and @entity10 ), soluble @entity2 and proteins in cotyledons of @entity5 and @entity6 sprouts. Sprouting increased @entity3 and @entity0 content and reduction of @entity4 and @entity10 was observed. The protein levels increased in @entity7 and decreased in @entity6 sprouting. The level of @entity1 was maintained in both sprouts. @entity9 was detected only in quiescent seeds. Our results suggested that bean sprout is an important source of proteins, @entity1 , @entity0 and @entity3 . Additionally, bean sprouts have low levels of @entity4 , an antinutritional compound.

title: Free cyclitol, soluble carbohydrate and protein contents in @entity6 and XXXX bean sprouts.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A clear understanding of the relationship between the micromechanical properties and orientation of the osteons within the mandible is important to understand mandibular function, @entity2 repair, treatment of temporo-mandibular @entity5 , the materials and organization of dental implants. The objective of this research was to obtain the micromechanical properties of @entity0 mandibular cortical bone as a function of orientation from @entity3 to @entity3 . METHODS: A mandible obtained from a deceased 66 year-old female free of @entity1 was used. The mandible was embedded in @entity6 . The micromechanical properties analysis was obtained using the UH3 scanning acoustic microscope (SAM; Olympus Co., Tokyo, Japan). The coordinates system is defined such that the inferior border of mandibular is positioned on the x-y plane. x is along the anterior-posterior direction, y is in the horizontal direction and z is in superior-inferior direction. RESULTS: The osteonal orientations were almost parallel to the x @entity4 and eventually branched into two directions towards the coronoid process and condylar head. The SAM revealed that almost the whole area of the mandible body was found to be transversely isotropic in the plane perpendicular to the x @entity4 . In the parallel and oblique directions, all data were transversely isotropic with respect to the x @entity4 . Data of the perpendicular osteons were transversely isotropic with respect to the z @entity4 . SIGNIFICANCE: Having actual micromechanical properties as a function of orientation in the mandible could provide base line data for: @entity2 repair; choice of bone replacement materials.

title: Micromechanics/structure relationships in the XXXX mandible.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adolescent @entity2 has dramatically increased in recent decades, and along with that so have other medical comorbidities, such as @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity11 ( @entity11 ), and @entity12 cerebri. @entity2 and related comorbidites may be contraindications to hormonal contraception, making contraception counseling of morbidly @entity2 adolescents more challenging. Obese adolescent females seeking bariatric surgery need effective contraception in the postoperative period. This study is designed to determine the acceptance rate of the @entity10 -releasing intrauterine device (IUD) and describe common @entity8 in @entity2 adolescent bariatric surgery @entity0 . METHODS: This is a historic cohort study of adolescent females who underwent bariatric surgery over a 2-year period at a tertiary referral center for pediatric @entity2 . Data were systematically abstracted. The percent of @entity0 with @entity8 and the acceptance rate for the @entity10 -releasing IUD were determined. RESULTS: Twenty-five adolescents met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 17.4 years (standard deviation [SD] 2.6), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 51.4 (SD 6.3) kg/m(2). Eighty-four percent were white. Twenty-eight percent had @entity5 , 32% had @entity9 , 40% had @entity7 , and 36% had @entity11 . Ninety-two percent (23 of 25) underwent IUD placement. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of @entity8 among this sample of severely @entity2 adolescent females. The majority accepted the IUD, indicating it is a viable option among this population.

title: Menstrual concerns and intrauterine contraception among adolescent bariatric surgery XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the economic burden of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from the perspective of the healthcare provider in a UK population. METHODS: This prevalence-based cost-of-illness analysis was carried out via a cross-sectional study conducted in the Oral Medicine Unit of the Eastman Dental Hospital. This study was conducted in three phases - phase 1 involved framing of the cost-of-illness analysis, development of the cost inventory and design of the @entity0 questionnaire for ease of data collection. Data collected from @entity0 were inputted during phase 2, and costings were determined. The final phase consisted of the calculation of the cost of illness of @entity3 . RESULTS: One hundred @entity0 were enrolled in the study, 30 males and 70 females, with an average age of 59.9 years (  13.4 years). The average @entity3 @entity0 , based on our cohort, attends the oral medicine unit 2.64 times per year, their general medical practitioner 1.13 times annually, their general dental practitioner 0.82 times in a year and fills on average 3.37 prescriptions annually. This leads to an average annual cost of   398.58 (   541.16) per @entity0 per year from the perspective of the healthcare provider. CONCLUSION: The annual average cost of @entity3 to the healthcare provider in the UK is substantial. The prevalence-based cost-of-illness data generated in this study will facilitate comparison with other chronic @entity2 and with @entity1 managed in allied medical specialties.

title: Cost of illness of XXXX in a UK population - a pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several functional abnormalities in phagocytes from @entity0 with @entity7 contribute to an increased risk of @entity3 . An increased resting respiratory burst has been observed in neutrophils from cirrhotic @entity0 . We investigated whether an @entity3 in @entity2 affects the respiratory burst capacity of neutrophils and monocytes in response to @entity5 . This study included 45 hospitalized @entity0 with @entity7 and clinical signs of @entity3 , 39 @entity0 with @entity7 in the absence of @entity3 and 29 healthy subjects. Respiratory burst, @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and immunoglobulin (Ig)G-autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ab-oxLDL) were measured. The fraction of neutrophils spontaneously producing reactive @entity1 species (ROS) was elevated in @entity7 (P   <   0  01). The neutrophil resting burst increased with @entity0 -Pugh stage (P   =   0  02) and correlated with augmented ROS release in response to opsonized @entity5 (P   <   0  05). Although @entity8 was increased in @entity0 with @entity2 (P   <   0  01), higher @entity8 levels correlated with a lower resting burst in neutrophils (r(s)    =   -0  395; P   <   0  01). In the presence of @entity3 , the resting burst was unaltered. However, neutrophil ROS release in response to @entity5 was reduced markedly (P   =   0  01), and it decreased as serum @entity9 ( @entity9 ) concentration rose (r(s)    =   -0  437; P   <   0  01), indicating the development of a @entity4 -like immune @entity6 . A positive correlation between ab-oxLDL and ROS release was observed (P   <   0  01). In conclusion, the respiratory burst increases with severity of @entity7 but is restrained by increasing @entity8 levels. Augmented ROS release in response to @entity5 is accompanied by elevated markers of oxidative damage and becomes exhausted in the presence of @entity3 .

title: The augmented neutrophil respiratory burst in response to XXXX is reduced in @entity7 during @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Several functional abnormalities in phagocytes from @entity0 with @entity7 contribute to an increased risk of @entity3 . An increased resting respiratory burst has been observed in neutrophils from cirrhotic @entity0 . We investigated whether an @entity3 in @entity2 affects the respiratory burst capacity of neutrophils and monocytes in response to @entity5 . This study included 45 hospitalized @entity0 with @entity7 and clinical signs of @entity3 , 39 @entity0 with @entity7 in the absence of @entity3 and 29 healthy subjects. Respiratory burst, @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and immunoglobulin (Ig)G-autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ab-oxLDL) were measured. The fraction of neutrophils spontaneously producing reactive @entity1 species (ROS) was elevated in @entity7 (P   <   0  01). The neutrophil resting burst increased with @entity0 -Pugh stage (P   =   0  02) and correlated with augmented ROS release in response to opsonized @entity5 (P   <   0  05). Although @entity8 was increased in @entity0 with @entity2 (P   <   0  01), higher @entity8 levels correlated with a lower resting burst in neutrophils (r(s)    =   -0  395; P   <   0  01). In the presence of @entity3 , the resting burst was unaltered. However, neutrophil ROS release in response to @entity5 was reduced markedly (P   =   0  01), and it decreased as serum @entity9 ( @entity9 ) concentration rose (r(s)    =   -0  437; P   <   0  01), indicating the development of a @entity4 -like immune @entity6 . A positive correlation between ab-oxLDL and ROS release was observed (P   <   0  01). In conclusion, the respiratory burst increases with severity of @entity7 but is restrained by increasing @entity8 levels. Augmented ROS release in response to @entity5 is accompanied by elevated markers of oxidative damage and becomes exhausted in the presence of @entity3 .

title: The augmented neutrophil respiratory burst in response to @entity5 is reduced in XXXX during @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Several functional abnormalities in phagocytes from @entity0 with @entity7 contribute to an increased risk of @entity3 . An increased resting respiratory burst has been observed in neutrophils from cirrhotic @entity0 . We investigated whether an @entity3 in @entity2 affects the respiratory burst capacity of neutrophils and monocytes in response to @entity5 . This study included 45 hospitalized @entity0 with @entity7 and clinical signs of @entity3 , 39 @entity0 with @entity7 in the absence of @entity3 and 29 healthy subjects. Respiratory burst, @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and immunoglobulin (Ig)G-autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ab-oxLDL) were measured. The fraction of neutrophils spontaneously producing reactive @entity1 species (ROS) was elevated in @entity7 (P   <   0  01). The neutrophil resting burst increased with @entity0 -Pugh stage (P   =   0  02) and correlated with augmented ROS release in response to opsonized @entity5 (P   <   0  05). Although @entity8 was increased in @entity0 with @entity2 (P   <   0  01), higher @entity8 levels correlated with a lower resting burst in neutrophils (r(s)    =   -0  395; P   <   0  01). In the presence of @entity3 , the resting burst was unaltered. However, neutrophil ROS release in response to @entity5 was reduced markedly (P   =   0  01), and it decreased as serum @entity9 ( @entity9 ) concentration rose (r(s)    =   -0  437; P   <   0  01), indicating the development of a @entity4 -like immune @entity6 . A positive correlation between ab-oxLDL and ROS release was observed (P   <   0  01). In conclusion, the respiratory burst increases with severity of @entity7 but is restrained by increasing @entity8 levels. Augmented ROS release in response to @entity5 is accompanied by elevated markers of oxidative damage and becomes exhausted in the presence of @entity3 .

title: The augmented neutrophil respiratory burst in response to @entity5 is reduced in @entity7 during XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the @entity1 covers versus carbomer eye drops to prevent @entity2 in intensive care unit @entity0 . BACKGROUND: Concerns about eye care for @entity4 @entity0 remain an issue. Few studies have focused on the effect of @entity1 covers and eye drops. In addition, there are no studies comparing @entity1 covers and carbomer eye drops for @entity4 @entity0 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomised and contralateral eye study was conducted. METHODS: The study took place in an intensive care unit in 2007. Thirty-six eyes of 18 @entity0 , who were under mechanical ventilation or unconscious for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were studied. After examining the eyes of the @entity0 with the Schirmer 1 test and @entity3 dye test, suitable @entity0 were included in the study. One eye of the @entity0 was randomly covered with a @entity1 cover every 12 hours, and carbomer drops were instilled on the other eye every six hours. All eyes were checked for an ocular surface abnormality by the same ophthalmologist everyday. The study interventions were continued until a defect was detected or for five days. @entity0 with a defect detected completed the study and were recorded as positive for the primary endpoint. Results.    Carbomer drop was effective in prophylaxis of @entity2 in only three of 18 @entity0 , whereas @entity1 cover showed greater effect in 18 of 18 eyes at the end of the study (SD 0  3835, Z = -3  873, p < 0  001). A negative effect of greater rima palpebra in the resting position was observed in the efficacy of carbomer drop (r = -0  476, p < 0  05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a @entity1 cover is significantly effective in prevention of @entity2 in intensive care @entity0 . As an eye care intervention, the effectiveness of @entity1 cover should be supported by further studies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study, which is an initial step in preventing @entity2 in @entity4 @entity0 , also offers a new and effective eye care method in these @entity0 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity1 covers versus carbomer drops (Viscotears) to prevent @entity2 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the @entity1 covers versus carbomer eye drops to prevent @entity2 in intensive care unit @entity0 . BACKGROUND: Concerns about eye care for @entity4 @entity0 remain an issue. Few studies have focused on the effect of @entity1 covers and eye drops. In addition, there are no studies comparing @entity1 covers and carbomer eye drops for @entity4 @entity0 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomised and contralateral eye study was conducted. METHODS: The study took place in an intensive care unit in 2007. Thirty-six eyes of 18 @entity0 , who were under mechanical ventilation or unconscious for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were studied. After examining the eyes of the @entity0 with the Schirmer 1 test and @entity3 dye test, suitable @entity0 were included in the study. One eye of the @entity0 was randomly covered with a @entity1 cover every 12 hours, and carbomer drops were instilled on the other eye every six hours. All eyes were checked for an ocular surface abnormality by the same ophthalmologist everyday. The study interventions were continued until a defect was detected or for five days. @entity0 with a defect detected completed the study and were recorded as positive for the primary endpoint. Results.    Carbomer drop was effective in prophylaxis of @entity2 in only three of 18 @entity0 , whereas @entity1 cover showed greater effect in 18 of 18 eyes at the end of the study (SD 0  3835, Z = -3  873, p < 0  001). A negative effect of greater rima palpebra in the resting position was observed in the efficacy of carbomer drop (r = -0  476, p < 0  05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a @entity1 cover is significantly effective in prevention of @entity2 in intensive care @entity0 . As an eye care intervention, the effectiveness of @entity1 cover should be supported by further studies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study, which is an initial step in preventing @entity2 in @entity4 @entity0 , also offers a new and effective eye care method in these @entity0 .

title: Effectiveness of XXXX covers versus carbomer drops (Viscotears) to prevent @entity2 in the @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the @entity1 covers versus carbomer eye drops to prevent @entity2 in intensive care unit @entity0 . BACKGROUND: Concerns about eye care for @entity4 @entity0 remain an issue. Few studies have focused on the effect of @entity1 covers and eye drops. In addition, there are no studies comparing @entity1 covers and carbomer eye drops for @entity4 @entity0 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomised and contralateral eye study was conducted. METHODS: The study took place in an intensive care unit in 2007. Thirty-six eyes of 18 @entity0 , who were under mechanical ventilation or unconscious for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were studied. After examining the eyes of the @entity0 with the Schirmer 1 test and @entity3 dye test, suitable @entity0 were included in the study. One eye of the @entity0 was randomly covered with a @entity1 cover every 12 hours, and carbomer drops were instilled on the other eye every six hours. All eyes were checked for an ocular surface abnormality by the same ophthalmologist everyday. The study interventions were continued until a defect was detected or for five days. @entity0 with a defect detected completed the study and were recorded as positive for the primary endpoint. Results.    Carbomer drop was effective in prophylaxis of @entity2 in only three of 18 @entity0 , whereas @entity1 cover showed greater effect in 18 of 18 eyes at the end of the study (SD 0  3835, Z = -3  873, p < 0  001). A negative effect of greater rima palpebra in the resting position was observed in the efficacy of carbomer drop (r = -0  476, p < 0  05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a @entity1 cover is significantly effective in prevention of @entity2 in intensive care @entity0 . As an eye care intervention, the effectiveness of @entity1 cover should be supported by further studies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study, which is an initial step in preventing @entity2 in @entity4 @entity0 , also offers a new and effective eye care method in these @entity0 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity1 covers versus carbomer drops (Viscotears) to prevent XXXX in the @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Medication error prevention has become a priority in health care. The Joint Commission recommends that a list of medications, dosages, and @entity2 be obtained from all @entity0 . The authors sought to determine the accuracy of medication history taking in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) triage. The hypothesis was that there would be significant discrepancies between medications listed in triage and those the @entity0 was actually taking. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional survey of adult @entity0 presenting to the @entity1 . As a part of regular care, nurses recorded a medication list during triage in the electronic medical record (EMR). For this study, the triage medication list was rechecked during an independent @entity0 interview. RESULTS: Of 1,797 @entity0 approached, 1,657 completed the survey (92%). The mean age was 39 years (standard deviation [SD]   16 years). Discrepancies in medication lists obtained during triage were documented in 626 (37%) @entity0 . Discontinued medications (163, 9.8%) were included, additional medications (463, 27.9%) were omitted, and 632 @entity0 (38%) reported taking a nonprescription medication not listed in the EMR. CONCLUSIONS: Medication histories performed in @entity1 triage are inaccurate and incomplete.

title: Medication history taking in XXXX triage is inaccurate and incomplete.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: The prognostic values of left ventricular ejection fraction ( @entity3 ) during @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with acute decompensation or after optimal treatment have not been extensively studied. We hypothesized that posttreatment @entity3 has superior predictive value for long-term prognosis than @entity3 at admission does. METHODS AND RESULTS: In Protocol 1, 428 @entity2 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 with @entity3  <=35% in a tertiary medical center were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 34.7    10.8 months. The primary and secondary end points were all-cause mortality and @entity2 readmission, respectively. In total, 86 deaths and 240 @entity2 readmissions were recorded. The predictive values of baseline @entity3 at admission and @entity3 6 months posttreatment were analyzed and compared. The posttreatment LVEFs were predictive for future events (P = 0.01 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity2 readmission), but the baseline LVEFs were not. In Protocol 2, the outcomes of @entity0 with improved @entity3 (change of @entity3 : >= +10%), unchanged @entity3 (change of @entity3 : -10% to +10%), and reduced @entity3 (change of @entity3 :  <=-10%) were analyzed and compared. Improved @entity3 occurred in 171 @entity0 and was associated with a superior long-term prognosis among all groups (P = 0.02 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity2 readmission). In Protocol 3, independent predictors of improved @entity3 were analyzed, and baseline LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was identified as a powerful predictor in @entity1 @entity0 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 , posttreatment @entity3 but not baseline @entity3 had prognostic power. Improved @entity3 was associated with superior long-term prognosis, and baseline LVEDD identified @entity0 who were more likely to have improved @entity3 . Therefore, baseline @entity3 should not be considered a relevant prognosis factor in clinical practice for @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Comparison of Baseline versus Posttreatment Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in @entity0 with XXXX for Predicting Cardiovascular Outcome: Implications from Single-Center @entity2 Cohort.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The prognostic values of left ventricular ejection fraction ( @entity3 ) during @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with acute decompensation or after optimal treatment have not been extensively studied. We hypothesized that posttreatment @entity3 has superior predictive value for long-term prognosis than @entity3 at admission does. METHODS AND RESULTS: In Protocol 1, 428 @entity2 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 with @entity3  <=35% in a tertiary medical center were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 34.7    10.8 months. The primary and secondary end points were all-cause mortality and @entity2 readmission, respectively. In total, 86 deaths and 240 @entity2 readmissions were recorded. The predictive values of baseline @entity3 at admission and @entity3 6 months posttreatment were analyzed and compared. The posttreatment LVEFs were predictive for future events (P = 0.01 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity2 readmission), but the baseline LVEFs were not. In Protocol 2, the outcomes of @entity0 with improved @entity3 (change of @entity3 : >= +10%), unchanged @entity3 (change of @entity3 : -10% to +10%), and reduced @entity3 (change of @entity3 :  <=-10%) were analyzed and compared. Improved @entity3 occurred in 171 @entity0 and was associated with a superior long-term prognosis among all groups (P = 0.02 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity2 readmission). In Protocol 3, independent predictors of improved @entity3 were analyzed, and baseline LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was identified as a powerful predictor in @entity1 @entity0 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 , posttreatment @entity3 but not baseline @entity3 had prognostic power. Improved @entity3 was associated with superior long-term prognosis, and baseline LVEDD identified @entity0 who were more likely to have improved @entity3 . Therefore, baseline @entity3 should not be considered a relevant prognosis factor in clinical practice for @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Comparison of Baseline versus Posttreatment Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in @entity0 with @entity2 for Predicting Cardiovascular Outcome: Implications from Single-Center XXXX Cohort.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The prognostic values of left ventricular ejection fraction ( @entity3 ) during @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with acute decompensation or after optimal treatment have not been extensively studied. We hypothesized that posttreatment @entity3 has superior predictive value for long-term prognosis than @entity3 at admission does. METHODS AND RESULTS: In Protocol 1, 428 @entity2 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 with @entity3  <=35% in a tertiary medical center were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 34.7    10.8 months. The primary and secondary end points were all-cause mortality and @entity2 readmission, respectively. In total, 86 deaths and 240 @entity2 readmissions were recorded. The predictive values of baseline @entity3 at admission and @entity3 6 months posttreatment were analyzed and compared. The posttreatment LVEFs were predictive for future events (P = 0.01 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity2 readmission), but the baseline LVEFs were not. In Protocol 2, the outcomes of @entity0 with improved @entity3 (change of @entity3 : >= +10%), unchanged @entity3 (change of @entity3 : -10% to +10%), and reduced @entity3 (change of @entity3 :  <=-10%) were analyzed and compared. Improved @entity3 occurred in 171 @entity0 and was associated with a superior long-term prognosis among all groups (P = 0.02 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity2 readmission). In Protocol 3, independent predictors of improved @entity3 were analyzed, and baseline LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was identified as a powerful predictor in @entity1 @entity0 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 , posttreatment @entity3 but not baseline @entity3 had prognostic power. Improved @entity3 was associated with superior long-term prognosis, and baseline LVEDD identified @entity0 who were more likely to have improved @entity3 . Therefore, baseline @entity3 should not be considered a relevant prognosis factor in clinical practice for @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Comparison of Baseline versus Posttreatment Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in XXXX with @entity2 for Predicting Cardiovascular Outcome: Implications from Single-Center @entity2 Cohort.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity5 is a commonly reported symptom in @entity1 @entity0 it is rarely investigated, especially in @entity0 with @entity2 . The main focus of the current study was to assess @entity5 in these @entity0 and to investigate the impact of @entity5 and other clinical and psychosocial variables on their quality of life (QOL). METHODS: Ninety-eight @entity2 survivors (average age of 57.4 +/- 12.5 years) were included in the study. All @entity0 had received @entity1 therapy but had not been treated for at least 6 months. The average time elapsed since first diagnosis was 5.7 +/- 5.5 years. Fatigue was measured with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and QOL was measured with the Functional Assessment of @entity1 Therapy (FACT)- @entity2 part and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 Care Questionnaire, including the @entity2 module. RESULTS: Thirty-two of 98 @entity2 @entity0 (32.7%, 95% confidence interval, 23.5-42.9%) reported MFI-20 General Fatigue scores >/= 12.0 and therefore could be characterized as suffering from @entity5 . This group of @entity0 had a significantly lower QOL, had higher scores of @entity3 and @entity4 , and perceived that they had less social support. In a multiple regression model, mental adjustment, social support, @entity3 , and @entity4 as well as @entity5 were significant predictors of QOL (FACT-generic part total score) whereas clinical and sociodemographic variables were not. CONCLUSION: A remarkably high proportion of @entity2 survivors suffered from @entity5 . Because this symptom is a key predictor of QOL, it should be given more attention in aftercare programs.

title: Fatigue in XXXX @entity0 : a neglected issue?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity5 is a commonly reported symptom in @entity1 @entity0 it is rarely investigated, especially in @entity0 with @entity2 . The main focus of the current study was to assess @entity5 in these @entity0 and to investigate the impact of @entity5 and other clinical and psychosocial variables on their quality of life (QOL). METHODS: Ninety-eight @entity2 survivors (average age of 57.4 +/- 12.5 years) were included in the study. All @entity0 had received @entity1 therapy but had not been treated for at least 6 months. The average time elapsed since first diagnosis was 5.7 +/- 5.5 years. Fatigue was measured with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and QOL was measured with the Functional Assessment of @entity1 Therapy (FACT)- @entity2 part and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 Care Questionnaire, including the @entity2 module. RESULTS: Thirty-two of 98 @entity2 @entity0 (32.7%, 95% confidence interval, 23.5-42.9%) reported MFI-20 General Fatigue scores >/= 12.0 and therefore could be characterized as suffering from @entity5 . This group of @entity0 had a significantly lower QOL, had higher scores of @entity3 and @entity4 , and perceived that they had less social support. In a multiple regression model, mental adjustment, social support, @entity3 , and @entity4 as well as @entity5 were significant predictors of QOL (FACT-generic part total score) whereas clinical and sociodemographic variables were not. CONCLUSION: A remarkably high proportion of @entity2 survivors suffered from @entity5 . Because this symptom is a key predictor of QOL, it should be given more attention in aftercare programs.

title: Fatigue in @entity2 XXXX : a neglected issue?

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 @entity3 of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus occurs after forceful dorsiflexion-pronation of the ankle. We evaluated five @entity0 who had sustained this @entity3 while participating in sporting activities. Two @entity0 were correctly diagnosed acutely and treated with immobilization and limited weightbearing. @entity3 in the remaining three @entity0 went undiagnosed acutely. This group was treated with delayed operative excision for persistent posteromedial @entity2 . The @entity0 were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 35 months using the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. The two @entity0 diagnosed and treated acutely achieved excellent results. The three @entity0 with missed @entity3 did poorly, yet achieved comparable results after late excision. Our results suggest that prompt diagnosis and appropriate management yields reliably good outcomes. Untreated @entity1 @entity3 predictably do poorly. For these @entity0 , late excision can provide significant functional and symptomatic improvement.

title: XXXX of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Immunohistochemistry for @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and cytokeratin 20 (CK 20) using commercially available antibodies was done in normal @entity2 urinary bladder and 72 @entity2 @entity1 that had been fixed in @entity3 and embedded in @entity5 . Prolonged fixation (3-28 days) did not significantly alter the immunostaining for @entity9 . There was moderate reduction in the intensity for @entity8 and CK 20 after 1 week of fixation. @entity9 was detected in superficial (umbrella) cells and some intermediate cells of the normal urinary bladder, 7 of 7 transitional cell @entity6 (TCPs), 50 of 55 @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and 4 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . Staining was typically outlined in the plasma membrane, but diffuse or focal cytoplasmic staining was also observed. Intracytoplasmic lumina were usually positive for @entity9 . One @entity4 , 4 nonepithelial @entity1 , and 285 @entity0 from different nonurinary locations were negative for @entity9 . @entity8 was detected in 7 of 7 TCPs, 53 of 54 @entity7 , and 5 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . The staining for @entity8 was diffuse cytoplasmic. CK 20 was detected in 1 of 7 TCPs, 37 of 54 @entity7 , and 1 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . The staining with CK 20 was cytoplasmic and weaker than with antibodies to @entity9 or @entity8 . There was concurrent expression of @entity9 , @entity8 , and CK 20 in 36 of 54 @entity7 . @entity9 is a specific and sensitive marker for @entity2 transitional epithelial (urothelial) neoplasms, detecting 91% of @entity7 . Negative results may be observed with @entity0 .

title: Immunohistochemical detection of @entity9 , @entity8 , and cytokeratin 20 in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Immunohistochemistry for @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and cytokeratin 20 (CK 20) using commercially available antibodies was done in normal @entity2 urinary bladder and 72 @entity2 @entity1 that had been fixed in @entity3 and embedded in @entity5 . Prolonged fixation (3-28 days) did not significantly alter the immunostaining for @entity9 . There was moderate reduction in the intensity for @entity8 and CK 20 after 1 week of fixation. @entity9 was detected in superficial (umbrella) cells and some intermediate cells of the normal urinary bladder, 7 of 7 transitional cell @entity6 (TCPs), 50 of 55 @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and 4 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . Staining was typically outlined in the plasma membrane, but diffuse or focal cytoplasmic staining was also observed. Intracytoplasmic lumina were usually positive for @entity9 . One @entity4 , 4 nonepithelial @entity1 , and 285 @entity0 from different nonurinary locations were negative for @entity9 . @entity8 was detected in 7 of 7 TCPs, 53 of 54 @entity7 , and 5 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . The staining for @entity8 was diffuse cytoplasmic. CK 20 was detected in 1 of 7 TCPs, 37 of 54 @entity7 , and 1 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . The staining with CK 20 was cytoplasmic and weaker than with antibodies to @entity9 or @entity8 . There was concurrent expression of @entity9 , @entity8 , and CK 20 in 36 of 54 @entity7 . @entity9 is a specific and sensitive marker for @entity2 transitional epithelial (urothelial) neoplasms, detecting 91% of @entity7 . Negative results may be observed with @entity0 .

title: Immunohistochemical detection of @entity9 , XXXX , and cytokeratin 20 in @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Immunohistochemistry for @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and cytokeratin 20 (CK 20) using commercially available antibodies was done in normal @entity2 urinary bladder and 72 @entity2 @entity1 that had been fixed in @entity3 and embedded in @entity5 . Prolonged fixation (3-28 days) did not significantly alter the immunostaining for @entity9 . There was moderate reduction in the intensity for @entity8 and CK 20 after 1 week of fixation. @entity9 was detected in superficial (umbrella) cells and some intermediate cells of the normal urinary bladder, 7 of 7 transitional cell @entity6 (TCPs), 50 of 55 @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and 4 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . Staining was typically outlined in the plasma membrane, but diffuse or focal cytoplasmic staining was also observed. Intracytoplasmic lumina were usually positive for @entity9 . One @entity4 , 4 nonepithelial @entity1 , and 285 @entity0 from different nonurinary locations were negative for @entity9 . @entity8 was detected in 7 of 7 TCPs, 53 of 54 @entity7 , and 5 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . The staining for @entity8 was diffuse cytoplasmic. CK 20 was detected in 1 of 7 TCPs, 37 of 54 @entity7 , and 1 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . The staining with CK 20 was cytoplasmic and weaker than with antibodies to @entity9 or @entity8 . There was concurrent expression of @entity9 , @entity8 , and CK 20 in 36 of 54 @entity7 . @entity9 is a specific and sensitive marker for @entity2 transitional epithelial (urothelial) neoplasms, detecting 91% of @entity7 . Negative results may be observed with @entity0 .

title: Immunohistochemical detection of XXXX , @entity8 , and cytokeratin 20 in @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Immunohistochemistry for @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and cytokeratin 20 (CK 20) using commercially available antibodies was done in normal @entity2 urinary bladder and 72 @entity2 @entity1 that had been fixed in @entity3 and embedded in @entity5 . Prolonged fixation (3-28 days) did not significantly alter the immunostaining for @entity9 . There was moderate reduction in the intensity for @entity8 and CK 20 after 1 week of fixation. @entity9 was detected in superficial (umbrella) cells and some intermediate cells of the normal urinary bladder, 7 of 7 transitional cell @entity6 (TCPs), 50 of 55 @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and 4 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . Staining was typically outlined in the plasma membrane, but diffuse or focal cytoplasmic staining was also observed. Intracytoplasmic lumina were usually positive for @entity9 . One @entity4 , 4 nonepithelial @entity1 , and 285 @entity0 from different nonurinary locations were negative for @entity9 . @entity8 was detected in 7 of 7 TCPs, 53 of 54 @entity7 , and 5 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . The staining for @entity8 was diffuse cytoplasmic. CK 20 was detected in 1 of 7 TCPs, 37 of 54 @entity7 , and 1 of 5 metastatic @entity7 . The staining with CK 20 was cytoplasmic and weaker than with antibodies to @entity9 or @entity8 . There was concurrent expression of @entity9 , @entity8 , and CK 20 in 36 of 54 @entity7 . @entity9 is a specific and sensitive marker for @entity2 transitional epithelial (urothelial) neoplasms, detecting 91% of @entity7 . Negative results may be observed with @entity0 .

title: Immunohistochemical detection of @entity9 , @entity8 , and cytokeratin 20 in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation of sleep-related symptoms to race and ethnicity in a diverse sample of middle-aged and older @entity0 and @entity0 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. SETTING: In the initial phase of the Sleep Heart Health Study, @entity0 and @entity0 enrolled in participating epidemiologic cohort studies were surveyed. @entity0 : 13,194 @entity0 and @entity0 40 years of age and older, including 11,517 non-Hispanic white, 648 black, 643 American Indian, 296 Hispanic, and 90 Asian-Pacific Islander. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: After adjustment for BMI and other factors, frequent snoring was more common among Hispanic @entity0 (odds ratio (OR) = 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48, 3.42) and black @entity0 (OR = 1.55, 95% Ci = 1.13, 2.13) than among non-Hispanic white @entity0 . Hispanic @entity0 were significantly more likely to report frequent snoring than non-Hispanic white @entity0 (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.43, 3.69). Black, American Indian, and Asian @entity0 did not differ significantly from white @entity0 in snoring prevalence. American Indian @entity0 were significantly more likely to report @entity2 pauses during sleep than their white, non-Hispanic counterparts (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.03, 2.24), although polysomnography data on a subset of the sample suggested that the association between this symptom reported on questionnaire and objective evidence of @entity1 @entity2 may be weaker among American Indians than among other groups. Mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were slightly higher in black @entity0 and @entity0 than in their white, non-hispanic counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent snoring was more common among black and Hispanic @entity0 and Hispanic @entity0 than among their white non-Hispanic counterparts, even after adjusting for BMI and other factors. Further research including polysomnography and objective measurements of sleepiness is needed to assess the physiologic and clinical significance of these findings.

title: Variation in symptoms of XXXX @entity2 with race and ethnicity: the Sleep Heart Health Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation of sleep-related symptoms to race and ethnicity in a diverse sample of middle-aged and older @entity0 and @entity0 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. SETTING: In the initial phase of the Sleep Heart Health Study, @entity0 and @entity0 enrolled in participating epidemiologic cohort studies were surveyed. @entity0 : 13,194 @entity0 and @entity0 40 years of age and older, including 11,517 non-Hispanic white, 648 black, 643 American Indian, 296 Hispanic, and 90 Asian-Pacific Islander. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: After adjustment for BMI and other factors, frequent snoring was more common among Hispanic @entity0 (odds ratio (OR) = 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48, 3.42) and black @entity0 (OR = 1.55, 95% Ci = 1.13, 2.13) than among non-Hispanic white @entity0 . Hispanic @entity0 were significantly more likely to report frequent snoring than non-Hispanic white @entity0 (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.43, 3.69). Black, American Indian, and Asian @entity0 did not differ significantly from white @entity0 in snoring prevalence. American Indian @entity0 were significantly more likely to report @entity2 pauses during sleep than their white, non-Hispanic counterparts (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.03, 2.24), although polysomnography data on a subset of the sample suggested that the association between this symptom reported on questionnaire and objective evidence of @entity1 @entity2 may be weaker among American Indians than among other groups. Mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were slightly higher in black @entity0 and @entity0 than in their white, non-hispanic counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent snoring was more common among black and Hispanic @entity0 and Hispanic @entity0 than among their white non-Hispanic counterparts, even after adjusting for BMI and other factors. Further research including polysomnography and objective measurements of sleepiness is needed to assess the physiologic and clinical significance of these findings.

title: Variation in symptoms of @entity1 XXXX with race and ethnicity: the Sleep Heart Health Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the effect of @entity3 deprivation therapy (ADT) on rates of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) loss in @entity0 with @entity2 . It was a prospective study comparing @entity0 receiving ADT to age matched controls for 2 y. Subjects received a history, physical exam, @entity1 measurement, and laboratory evaluation every 6 months. Thirty-nine subjects receiving continuous ADT for @entity2 (subjects) were compared to 39 age-matched controls not receiving ADT (controls). Twenty-three subjects and 30 controls completed the study through 24 months. @entity0 in the ADT group demonstrated greater rates of @entity1 loss than @entity0 in the control group at every site except the lumbar spine. Twenty-four month per cent of @entity1 loss is presented as mean+/-standard error (s.e.). At the distal forearm, the ADT group value was -9.4%+/-1.0% and -4.4%+/-0.3% for controls (P<0.0005). The ADT group femoral neck values were -1.9%+/-0.7% and 0.6%+/-0.5% in the control group (P=0.0016). The ADT group total hip value was -1.5%+/-1.0% and 0.8%+/-0.5% in the control group (P=0.0018). The ADT group trochanter value was -2.0%+/-1.3% and -0.1%+/-0.5% in the control group (P=0.0019). The ADT group lumbar spine value was -0.2%+/-0.8 % and 1.1%+/-0.6% in the control group (P=0.079). Our data demonstrate greater rates of @entity1 loss in @entity0 receiving @entity3 deprivation therapy for @entity2 .

title: @entity3 deprivation in @entity0 with XXXX is associated with an increased rate of bone loss.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the effect of @entity3 deprivation therapy (ADT) on rates of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) loss in @entity0 with @entity2 . It was a prospective study comparing @entity0 receiving ADT to age matched controls for 2 y. Subjects received a history, physical exam, @entity1 measurement, and laboratory evaluation every 6 months. Thirty-nine subjects receiving continuous ADT for @entity2 (subjects) were compared to 39 age-matched controls not receiving ADT (controls). Twenty-three subjects and 30 controls completed the study through 24 months. @entity0 in the ADT group demonstrated greater rates of @entity1 loss than @entity0 in the control group at every site except the lumbar spine. Twenty-four month per cent of @entity1 loss is presented as mean+/-standard error (s.e.). At the distal forearm, the ADT group value was -9.4%+/-1.0% and -4.4%+/-0.3% for controls (P<0.0005). The ADT group femoral neck values were -1.9%+/-0.7% and 0.6%+/-0.5% in the control group (P=0.0016). The ADT group total hip value was -1.5%+/-1.0% and 0.8%+/-0.5% in the control group (P=0.0018). The ADT group trochanter value was -2.0%+/-1.3% and -0.1%+/-0.5% in the control group (P=0.0019). The ADT group lumbar spine value was -0.2%+/-0.8 % and 1.1%+/-0.6% in the control group (P=0.079). Our data demonstrate greater rates of @entity1 loss in @entity0 receiving @entity3 deprivation therapy for @entity2 .

title: XXXX deprivation in @entity0 with @entity2 is associated with an increased rate of bone loss.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the effect of @entity3 deprivation therapy (ADT) on rates of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) loss in @entity0 with @entity2 . It was a prospective study comparing @entity0 receiving ADT to age matched controls for 2 y. Subjects received a history, physical exam, @entity1 measurement, and laboratory evaluation every 6 months. Thirty-nine subjects receiving continuous ADT for @entity2 (subjects) were compared to 39 age-matched controls not receiving ADT (controls). Twenty-three subjects and 30 controls completed the study through 24 months. @entity0 in the ADT group demonstrated greater rates of @entity1 loss than @entity0 in the control group at every site except the lumbar spine. Twenty-four month per cent of @entity1 loss is presented as mean+/-standard error (s.e.). At the distal forearm, the ADT group value was -9.4%+/-1.0% and -4.4%+/-0.3% for controls (P<0.0005). The ADT group femoral neck values were -1.9%+/-0.7% and 0.6%+/-0.5% in the control group (P=0.0016). The ADT group total hip value was -1.5%+/-1.0% and 0.8%+/-0.5% in the control group (P=0.0018). The ADT group trochanter value was -2.0%+/-1.3% and -0.1%+/-0.5% in the control group (P=0.0019). The ADT group lumbar spine value was -0.2%+/-0.8 % and 1.1%+/-0.6% in the control group (P=0.079). Our data demonstrate greater rates of @entity1 loss in @entity0 receiving @entity3 deprivation therapy for @entity2 .

title: @entity3 deprivation in XXXX with @entity2 is associated with an increased rate of bone loss.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is insufficient evidence to suggest the routine use of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in @entity0 with one to three positive axillary nodes and @entity1 . We have assessed the risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR) with or without @entity2 in this group of @entity0 , and focused on the results in subgroups defined by @entity1 size. @entity0 AND METHODS: 249 @entity0 with @entity1 and one to three positive nodes underwent mastectomy and axillary dissection between 1983 and 1987. Locoregional @entity2 of 50 Gy was given to 175 @entity0 . Chemotherapy or hormonal therapy was administered to 41 and 71 @entity0 , respectively. The median follow-up time of survivors was 189 months (range, 167-227 months). RESULTS: The rates of isolated LRR without or with @entity2 were 16% (12/74) and 8% (14/175), respectively (p = 0.05), and the total (with or without distant relapse) LRR rates 23% and 12%, respectively (p = 0.03). 15-year overall survival amounted to 41% without @entity2 and to 52% with @entity2 (p = 0.2). The rates of isolated LRR for @entity0 treated with chemotherapy or hormonal therapy only were 25% and 12%, respectively. In the absence of @entity2 , age (> 45 vs = 45 years; p = 0.06), @entity1 size (T1 vs T2; p = 0.07), and extranodal invasion (ENI; absent vs present; p = 0.09) were related to the risk of developing an isolated LRR. On multivariate analysis, only @entity1 size (relative risk [RR], 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-15.14) and age (RR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.03-11.09) emerged as independent significant predictors, whereas ENI (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.81-2.77) did not. In the T1 subgroup, the estimated 15-year isolated LRR rate was 9% (3/36) without and 9% (8/99) with @entity2 (p = 0.9775). 15-year disease-free survival amounted to 62% and 57%, respectively (p = 0.5153). For @entity0 without @entity2 , according to the age groups (= 45 vs > 45 years), the 15-year rates of isolated LRR were 9% and 9%, respectively (p = 0.9910). In the T2 subgroup, the estimated 15-year isolated LRR rate was 30% (9/38) without and 10% (6/76) with @entity2 (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12-0.92; p = 0.0244). 15-year disease-free survival amounted to 32% and 50%, respectively (p = 0.1213). For @entity0 without @entity2 , according to the age groups (< or = 45 vs > 45 years), the 15-year rates of isolated LRR were 57% and 16%, respectively (p = 0.0049). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with T1 @entity1 and one to three positive nodes are at low risk of isolated LRR either with or without @entity2 . @entity0 with T2 @entity1 and one to three positive nodes are at high risk of isolated LRR without @entity2 . Our findings support the routine use of PMRT in @entity0 with T2 @entity1 , especially those aged < or = 45 years.

title: Locoregional failure 15 years after mastectomy in @entity0 with one to three positive axillary nodes with or without irradiation the significance of XXXX size.

answer: @entity1