abstract: Quantifying the proliferation of neoplastic cells is an important and objective element in estimating the degree indicating the @entity1 and their reaction to applied treatment. The basic problem in the procedure dealing with the @entity4 in @entity0 is the classification of @entity0 into appropriate risk groups. The goal of this study was to explore the possibility of determining the proliferation index in @entity4 with the aid of monoclonal antibody @entity3 . The material comprised segments of the @entity1 taken from 35 @entity0 treated at the @entity0 and Youth Oncology Clinic of the Mother and @entity0 Institute in Warsaw as well as at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical Academy in Szczecin in the years from 1982 to 1994. Specimens for immunohistochemical investigations were prepared from the tissues of @entity1 , fixed in @entity2 and embedded in paraffin blocs. The positive response of the reaction for the Ki-67 antigen was visible in the form of red-stained granules (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4). The index for proliferation of the cell nuclei was determined in the individual components of the @entity1 : blastema, epithelial tissue and stroma. Distinct difference was disclosed to exist between low values for stromal cells (3.3%) and high ones for blastemic cells (22.3%) and epithelial cells (23.7%). The post chemotherapy group revealed higher values of the index within the epithelial cells and lower among blastemic cells as compared to the group without chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of the proliferation index when using monoclonal antibody @entity3 was studied by dividing the @entity1 into two groups, namely: below and above 20% of the index value. It was noticed that there was a concurrency of higher proliferation values among blastemic and epithelial cells with worse prognosticating cases. The cases, in which after chemotherapy the index of proliferation within blastema persisted being high, were recorded to predict poorer prognosis.

title: [Immunohistochemical evaluation of the percentage of proliferating neoplastic cells of @entity4 in @entity0 by means of the XXXX monoclonal antibody].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Quantifying the proliferation of neoplastic cells is an important and objective element in estimating the degree indicating the @entity1 and their reaction to applied treatment. The basic problem in the procedure dealing with the @entity4 in @entity0 is the classification of @entity0 into appropriate risk groups. The goal of this study was to explore the possibility of determining the proliferation index in @entity4 with the aid of monoclonal antibody @entity3 . The material comprised segments of the @entity1 taken from 35 @entity0 treated at the @entity0 and Youth Oncology Clinic of the Mother and @entity0 Institute in Warsaw as well as at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical Academy in Szczecin in the years from 1982 to 1994. Specimens for immunohistochemical investigations were prepared from the tissues of @entity1 , fixed in @entity2 and embedded in paraffin blocs. The positive response of the reaction for the Ki-67 antigen was visible in the form of red-stained granules (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4). The index for proliferation of the cell nuclei was determined in the individual components of the @entity1 : blastema, epithelial tissue and stroma. Distinct difference was disclosed to exist between low values for stromal cells (3.3%) and high ones for blastemic cells (22.3%) and epithelial cells (23.7%). The post chemotherapy group revealed higher values of the index within the epithelial cells and lower among blastemic cells as compared to the group without chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of the proliferation index when using monoclonal antibody @entity3 was studied by dividing the @entity1 into two groups, namely: below and above 20% of the index value. It was noticed that there was a concurrency of higher proliferation values among blastemic and epithelial cells with worse prognosticating cases. The cases, in which after chemotherapy the index of proliferation within blastema persisted being high, were recorded to predict poorer prognosis.

title: [Immunohistochemical evaluation of the percentage of proliferating neoplastic cells of XXXX in @entity0 by means of the @entity3 monoclonal antibody].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Quantifying the proliferation of neoplastic cells is an important and objective element in estimating the degree indicating the @entity1 and their reaction to applied treatment. The basic problem in the procedure dealing with the @entity4 in @entity0 is the classification of @entity0 into appropriate risk groups. The goal of this study was to explore the possibility of determining the proliferation index in @entity4 with the aid of monoclonal antibody @entity3 . The material comprised segments of the @entity1 taken from 35 @entity0 treated at the @entity0 and Youth Oncology Clinic of the Mother and @entity0 Institute in Warsaw as well as at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical Academy in Szczecin in the years from 1982 to 1994. Specimens for immunohistochemical investigations were prepared from the tissues of @entity1 , fixed in @entity2 and embedded in paraffin blocs. The positive response of the reaction for the Ki-67 antigen was visible in the form of red-stained granules (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4). The index for proliferation of the cell nuclei was determined in the individual components of the @entity1 : blastema, epithelial tissue and stroma. Distinct difference was disclosed to exist between low values for stromal cells (3.3%) and high ones for blastemic cells (22.3%) and epithelial cells (23.7%). The post chemotherapy group revealed higher values of the index within the epithelial cells and lower among blastemic cells as compared to the group without chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of the proliferation index when using monoclonal antibody @entity3 was studied by dividing the @entity1 into two groups, namely: below and above 20% of the index value. It was noticed that there was a concurrency of higher proliferation values among blastemic and epithelial cells with worse prognosticating cases. The cases, in which after chemotherapy the index of proliferation within blastema persisted being high, were recorded to predict poorer prognosis.

title: [Immunohistochemical evaluation of the percentage of proliferating neoplastic cells of @entity4 in XXXX by means of the @entity3 monoclonal antibody].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the present study was to compare the hallux @entity1 seen in standard footwear (no orthosis) versus the pressure observed in the same footwear with the addition of 3 different length orthoses. The forefoot pressure at a @entity2 was recorded with pressure sensors placed on the plantar, medial, and dorsal surface of the first metatarsal head. The @entity0 performed walking trials without an orthosis and with orthoses of 3 different lengths. The average pressure and maximum pressure of each area was recorded for each orthosis, and comparisons were made across the groups. The plantar pressures were decreased in the full length and 3/4 length orthoses, and the dorsal pressures were increased with the use of the full-length and sulcus-length orthoses. Significant changes in medial pressure were not seen with the addition of any orthosis compared with standard footwear alone. However, a trend toward increased medial pressures was seen with the full- and sulcus-length orthoses, and the 3/4-length orthoses exhibited a trend toward decreased medial pressures. We were unable to demonstrate that the use of a custom foot orthosis significantly decreases the medial pressures on the first metatarsal head in @entity0 with @entity2 . The 3/4-length orthosis was less likely to negatively affect the dorsal or medial pressures, which were noted to increase with the sulcus- and full-length orthoses. Our data suggest that if a clinician uses this treatment option, a 3/4-length orthosis might be a better choice than a sulcus- or full-length orthosis.

title: Biomechanical Evaluation of Custom Foot Orthoses for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Inhibition of topoisomerase I by @entity7 results in a compensatory increase in topoisomerase II levels associated with increased in vitro sensitivity of @entity1 to @entity8 . Maximum synergy has been observed for the sequence of @entity7 followed by @entity8 . This is the pharmacologic rationale for the sequence of @entity7 0.4 mg/m(2) per day for 7 days continuous i.v. infusion, @entity9 i.v. on day 8, and @entity8 50 mg per day p.o. days 9 through 20. The @entity9 dosage was escalated from an AUC of 4 to 5 to 6 (Calvert formula). Up to six treatment cycles were administered at 28-day intervals. Eligible @entity0 had metastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or extensive @entity4 ( @entity4 ), no prior chemotherapy, performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. Follow-up was twice weekly in the first cycle for CBC and for @entity7 and @entity8 concentrations. Follow-up, thereafter, was weekly. @entity1 response was assessed after two and six cycles and then as clinically indicated. At @entity9 AUCs of 4 and 5, no NCI grade 4 @entity3 was observed in cycle 1 in cohorts of three @entity0 each. At the AUC of 5, two @entity0 experienced dose-limiting events after cycle 3, one grade 4 @entity6 lasting >3 days (no fever) and one failure to recover an absolute neutrophil count >1500/microl by day 35. This was, therefore, deemed the maximal tolerable dose. Number of treatment cycles per @entity0 ranged between 1 and 6, and three @entity0 completed six cycles. All @entity0 were male, age 47-71, with @entity5 in one and @entity4 in six. The @entity0 with @entity5 had @entity2 after one cycle. One complete and three partial responses were observed in five @entity0 with @entity4 . Mean steady-state plasma concentrations during @entity7 infusion ranged from 0.73 to 1.69 ng/ml, and mean @entity8 concentrations ranged from 60 to 230 ng/ml. This sequence of @entity7 , @entity9 , and @entity8 appeared tolerable and active. @entity6 was the dose-limiting @entity3 .

title: Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequential @entity7 , XXXX , and @entity8 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Inhibition of topoisomerase I by @entity7 results in a compensatory increase in topoisomerase II levels associated with increased in vitro sensitivity of @entity1 to @entity8 . Maximum synergy has been observed for the sequence of @entity7 followed by @entity8 . This is the pharmacologic rationale for the sequence of @entity7 0.4 mg/m(2) per day for 7 days continuous i.v. infusion, @entity9 i.v. on day 8, and @entity8 50 mg per day p.o. days 9 through 20. The @entity9 dosage was escalated from an AUC of 4 to 5 to 6 (Calvert formula). Up to six treatment cycles were administered at 28-day intervals. Eligible @entity0 had metastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or extensive @entity4 ( @entity4 ), no prior chemotherapy, performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. Follow-up was twice weekly in the first cycle for CBC and for @entity7 and @entity8 concentrations. Follow-up, thereafter, was weekly. @entity1 response was assessed after two and six cycles and then as clinically indicated. At @entity9 AUCs of 4 and 5, no NCI grade 4 @entity3 was observed in cycle 1 in cohorts of three @entity0 each. At the AUC of 5, two @entity0 experienced dose-limiting events after cycle 3, one grade 4 @entity6 lasting >3 days (no fever) and one failure to recover an absolute neutrophil count >1500/microl by day 35. This was, therefore, deemed the maximal tolerable dose. Number of treatment cycles per @entity0 ranged between 1 and 6, and three @entity0 completed six cycles. All @entity0 were male, age 47-71, with @entity5 in one and @entity4 in six. The @entity0 with @entity5 had @entity2 after one cycle. One complete and three partial responses were observed in five @entity0 with @entity4 . Mean steady-state plasma concentrations during @entity7 infusion ranged from 0.73 to 1.69 ng/ml, and mean @entity8 concentrations ranged from 60 to 230 ng/ml. This sequence of @entity7 , @entity9 , and @entity8 appeared tolerable and active. @entity6 was the dose-limiting @entity3 .

title: Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequential @entity7 , @entity9 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Inhibition of topoisomerase I by @entity7 results in a compensatory increase in topoisomerase II levels associated with increased in vitro sensitivity of @entity1 to @entity8 . Maximum synergy has been observed for the sequence of @entity7 followed by @entity8 . This is the pharmacologic rationale for the sequence of @entity7 0.4 mg/m(2) per day for 7 days continuous i.v. infusion, @entity9 i.v. on day 8, and @entity8 50 mg per day p.o. days 9 through 20. The @entity9 dosage was escalated from an AUC of 4 to 5 to 6 (Calvert formula). Up to six treatment cycles were administered at 28-day intervals. Eligible @entity0 had metastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or extensive @entity4 ( @entity4 ), no prior chemotherapy, performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. Follow-up was twice weekly in the first cycle for CBC and for @entity7 and @entity8 concentrations. Follow-up, thereafter, was weekly. @entity1 response was assessed after two and six cycles and then as clinically indicated. At @entity9 AUCs of 4 and 5, no NCI grade 4 @entity3 was observed in cycle 1 in cohorts of three @entity0 each. At the AUC of 5, two @entity0 experienced dose-limiting events after cycle 3, one grade 4 @entity6 lasting >3 days (no fever) and one failure to recover an absolute neutrophil count >1500/microl by day 35. This was, therefore, deemed the maximal tolerable dose. Number of treatment cycles per @entity0 ranged between 1 and 6, and three @entity0 completed six cycles. All @entity0 were male, age 47-71, with @entity5 in one and @entity4 in six. The @entity0 with @entity5 had @entity2 after one cycle. One complete and three partial responses were observed in five @entity0 with @entity4 . Mean steady-state plasma concentrations during @entity7 infusion ranged from 0.73 to 1.69 ng/ml, and mean @entity8 concentrations ranged from 60 to 230 ng/ml. This sequence of @entity7 , @entity9 , and @entity8 appeared tolerable and active. @entity6 was the dose-limiting @entity3 .

title: Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequential XXXX , @entity9 , and @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To update the EULAR recommendations for management of @entity2 ( @entity1 ) by an evidence based medicine and expert opinion approach. METHODS: The literature search and guidelines were restricted to treatments for knee @entity1 pertaining to clinical and/or radiological @entity1 of any compartment of the knee. Papers for combined treatment of knee and other types of @entity1 were excluded. Medline and Embase were searched using a combination of subject headings and key words. Searches for those treatments previously investigated were conducted for January 1999 to February 2002 and for those treatments not previously investigated for 1966 to February 2002. The level of evidence found for each treatment was documented. Quality scores were determined for each paper, an effect size comparing the treatment with placebo was calculated, where possible, and a @entity0 profile was determined for each treatment modality. RESULTS: 497 new publications were identified by the search. Of these, 103 were intervention trials and included in the overall analysis, and 33 treatment modalities were identified. Previously identified publications which were not exclusively knee @entity1 in the initial analysis were rejected. In total, 545 publications were included. Based on the results of the literature search and expert opinion, 10 recommendations for the treatment of knee @entity1 were devised using a five stage Delphi technique. Based on expert opinion, a further set of 10 items was identified by a five stage Delphi technique as important for future research. CONCLUSION: The updated recommendations support some of the previous propositions published in 2000 but also include modified statements and new propositions. Although a large number of treatment options for knee @entity1 exist, the evidence based format of the EULAR Recommendations continues to identify key clinical questions that currently are unanswered.

title: EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of XXXX : Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low @entity2 may be considered the elective, alternative method for the acute restoration of sinus rhythm when direct current cardioversion fails or is contraindicated. Transesophageal cardioversion is a further alternative method for the recovery of sinus rhythm and obviates the potential complications of the low @entity2 venous approach. METHODS: The present prospective study including 30 @entity0 (21 males, 9 females, mean age 65.1 years, range 52-76 years), with persistent @entity1 (mean duration 4.3 months), was undertaken in order to further evaluate, with regard to transesophageal cardioversion: 1) the acute efficacy, 2) the @entity0 acceptance of the procedure, 3) the preferable choice among direct current cardioversion, low @entity2 and transesophageal cardioversion, 4) the time required to perform the procedure, 5) the incidence of complications, and 6) the persistence of sinus rhythm after 1 month. RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was acutely restored in 29 @entity0 (96.7%). Discomfort induced by the electrical shock was minimal or mild in most @entity0 (75.8%). Transesophageal cardioversion was usually preferred by @entity0 who had been previously submitted to direct current cardioversion or low @entity2 . The mean total time required to perform the procedure was 107.9 min. No complications related to the procedure occurred. In spite of adequate pharmacological prophylaxis of @entity1 only 41.4% of @entity0 were in sinus rhythm 1 month after successful transesophageal cardioversion. CONCLUSIONS: Transesophageal cardioversion may be considered a very effective, well accepted and non-time consuming procedure for the short-term restoration of sinus rhythm. The incidence of complications is low.

title: Transesophageal electrical cardioversion of persistent XXXX : a new approach for an old technology.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a nurse led smoking cessation intervention affects smoking cessation rates in @entity0 admitted for @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Cardiac ward of a general hospital, Norway. @entity0 : 240 smokers aged under 76 years admitted for @entity2 , @entity3 , or cardiac bypass surgery. 118 were randomly assigned to the intervention and 122 to usual care (control group). INTERVENTION: The intervention was based on a booklet and focused on fear arousal and prevention of relapses. The intervention was delivered by cardiac nurses without special training. The intervention was initiated in hospital, and the @entity0 were contacted regularly for at least five months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Smoking cessation rates at 12 months determined by self report and biochemical verification. RESULTS: 12 months after admission to hospital, 57% (n = 57/100) of @entity0 in the intervention group and 37% (n = 44/118) in the control group had quit smoking (absolute risk reduction 20%, 95% confidence interval 6% to 33%). The number needed to treat to get one additional @entity0 who would quit was 5 (95% confidence interval, 3 to 16). Assuming all dropouts relapsed at 12 months, the smoking cessation rates were 50% in the intervention group and 37% in the control group (absolute risk reduction 13%, 0% to 26%). CONCLUSION: A smoking cessation programme delivered by cardiac nurses without special training, significantly reduced smoking rates in @entity0 12 months after admission to hospital for @entity1 .

title: Randomised controlled trial of smoking cessation intervention after admission for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: @entity0 health varies with body mass index (BMI), but it is unknown by what age or how much this attracts additional population health-care costs. We aimed to determine the (1) cross-sectional relationships between BMI and costs across the first decade of life and (2) in longitudinal analyses, whether costs increase with duration of underweight or @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 : Baby (n = 4230) and Kindergarten (n = 4543) cohorts in the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian @entity0 . OUTCOME: Medicare Benefits Scheme (including all general practitioner plus a large proportion of paediatrician visits) plus prescription medication costs to federal government from birth to sixth (Baby cohort) and fourth to tenth (Kindergarten cohort) birthdays. PREDICTOR: biennial BMI measurements over the same period. RESULTS: Among Australian @entity0 under 10 years of age, 5-6% were underweight, 11-18% overweight and 5-6% @entity1 . Excess costs with low and high BMI became evident from age 4-5 years, with normal weight accruing the least, @entity1 the most, and underweight and overweight intermediate costs. Relative to overall between- @entity0 variation, these excess costs per @entity0 were very modest, with a maximum of  94 per year at age 4-5 years. Nonetheless, this projects to a substantial cost to government of approximately  13 million per annum for all Australian @entity0 aged less than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial excess population costs provide further economic justification for promoting healthy body weight. However, @entity1 @entity0 's low individual excess health-care costs mean that effective treatments are likely to increase short-term costs to the public health purse during childhood.

title: Health-care costs of underweight, overweight and XXXX : Australian population-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical health of @entity0 with @entity3 is poor and they die early from @entity2 . AIMS: To describe the lifestyle of @entity0 with @entity3 through diet, smoking habits, weight and exercise, and to report risk of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHOD: Dietary habits of 102 community-dwelling @entity0 with @entity3 were assessed by the Scottish Health Survey Questionnaire. Also assessed were smoking habits, physical activity, biochemical indices of nutrition and future risk of @entity5 . RESULTS: Fewer males, compared with the general population, reached acceptable levels for consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk, @entity6 and pulses. Fewer females reached the levels for consumption of milk and @entity6 . Mean number of fruit and vegetable portions consumed per week was 16 (s.d.=14); 71 (70%) were smokers; 25 (86%) females and 50 (70%) males were over weight or @entity1 ; 59 (59%) considered themselves physically active; 46 (53%) had a raised @entity4 : high-density lipoprotein ratio, and 64 (74%) a low @entity7 : @entity4 ratio. Mean 10-year risk of @entity5 in males was 10.5% (s.d.=8) and in females 7% (s.d.=6). CONCLUSIONS: The lifestyle of @entity0 with @entity3 must give cause for concern in relation to @entity5 . Care from concern in relation to secondary care services must address physical as well as mental health.

title: Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in @entity0 with XXXX : descriptive study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical health of @entity0 with @entity3 is poor and they die early from @entity2 . AIMS: To describe the lifestyle of @entity0 with @entity3 through diet, smoking habits, weight and exercise, and to report risk of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHOD: Dietary habits of 102 community-dwelling @entity0 with @entity3 were assessed by the Scottish Health Survey Questionnaire. Also assessed were smoking habits, physical activity, biochemical indices of nutrition and future risk of @entity5 . RESULTS: Fewer males, compared with the general population, reached acceptable levels for consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk, @entity6 and pulses. Fewer females reached the levels for consumption of milk and @entity6 . Mean number of fruit and vegetable portions consumed per week was 16 (s.d.=14); 71 (70%) were smokers; 25 (86%) females and 50 (70%) males were over weight or @entity1 ; 59 (59%) considered themselves physically active; 46 (53%) had a raised @entity4 : high-density lipoprotein ratio, and 64 (74%) a low @entity7 : @entity4 ratio. Mean 10-year risk of @entity5 in males was 10.5% (s.d.=8) and in females 7% (s.d.=6). CONCLUSIONS: The lifestyle of @entity0 with @entity3 must give cause for concern in relation to @entity5 . Care from concern in relation to secondary care services must address physical as well as mental health.

title: Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in XXXX with @entity3 : descriptive study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigated the ability of cryopreserved @entity0 amniotic membrane (hAM) scaffold sealed with an underwater adhesive, bio-inspired by marine sandcastle worms to promote healing of @entity3 in a pregnant @entity2 model. METHODS: Twelve Yucatan miniature @entity2 underwent laparotomy under general anesthesia at 70 days gestation (term  =  114 days). The gestational sacs were assigned to uninstrumented (n  =  24) and instrumented with 12 Fr trocar, which was further randomized into four different arms-no hAM patch, (n  =  22), hAM patch secured with suture (n  =  16), hAM patch with no suture (n  =  14), and hAM patch secured with adhesive (n  =  9). The animals were euthanized 20 days after the procedure. Gross and histological examination of the entry site was performed for fetal membrane healing. RESULTS: There were no differences in fetal survival, amniotic fluid levels, or dye-leakage from the amniotic cavity between the groups. The fetal membranes spontaneously healed in instrumented sacs without hAM patches. In sacs with hAM patches secured with sutures, the patch was incorporated into the @entity2 fetal membranes. In sacs with hAM patches without sutures, 100% of the patches were displaced from the defect site, whereas in sacs with hAM patches secured with adhesive 55% of the patches remained in place and showed complete healing (p  =  0.04). DISCUSSION: In contrast to @entity0 , @entity2 fetal membranes heal spontaneously after an @entity1 and thus not an adequate model. hAM patches became incorporated into the defect site by cellular ingrowth from the fetal membranes. The bioinspired adhesive adhered the hAM patches within the defect site.

title: Cryopreserved XXXX amniotic membrane and a bioinspired underwater adhesive to seal and promote healing of iatrogenic fetal membrane defect sites.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the concept of selective superior and @entity3 involvement in @entity1 by studying the distribution of semicircular canal (SCC) involvement in such @entity0 . BACKGROUND: @entity1 was traditionally thought to involve the superior and @entity3 . Recent work suggests that in some @entity0 , only the superior nerve is involved. So far there are no reported cases of selective involvement of the @entity3 . METHODS: The authors measured the vestibuloocular reflex from individual SCC at natural head accelerations using the head impulse test. The authors studied 33 @entity0 with acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy, including 29 with @entity1 and 4 with simultaneous ipsilateral @entity2 , 18 healthy subjects and 15 surgical unilateral vestibular deafferented @entity0 . RESULTS: In @entity0 with preserved hearing, eight had deficits in all three SCC, suggesting @entity3 . Twenty-one had a lateral SCC deficit or a combined lateral and anterior SCC deficit consistent with selective involvement of the superior vestibular nerve. Two @entity0 with ipsilateral @entity2 had normal caloric responses and an isolated posterior SCC deficit on impulsive testing. The authors propose that these two @entity0 had a selective loss of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 can affect the superior and @entity3 together or can selectively affect the superior vestibular nerve.

title: Individual semicircular canal function in superior and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 trials have traditionally sought to limit the range of disease studied according to several dimensions based on clinical examination and CT scan results. It has been proposed that the optimal sample for @entity2 trials would include a positive imaging diagnosis of a pathology rationally linked to the drug's mechanisms of action and that this would improve the likelihood of positive results. This principle has been supported by the results of the Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromoembolism II (PROACT II) study. Whereas trials of iv thrombolysis between 3 and 6 hours after symptom onset in a general sample of @entity0 were not positive, selection of a subgroup by angiography was an effective strategy in this time period for PROACT II. This study contradicted the hypothesis that treatment of @entity2 beyond 3 hours would not be successful. MRI with diffusion and perfusion has been an appealing imaging modality because it provides pretreatment angiography, perfusion, and lesion volume information during a brief, non-invasive assessment. Current literature supports the validity of MRI as a marker for clinical severity and clinical improvement. The diffusion-perfusion mismatch, the MRI marker for the @entity1 penumbra, is a very strong predictor of lesion volume growth. Several acute trials in progress use a positive imaging diagnosis for the basis of selection. As the field of @entity2 clinical trials examines opportunities for improving trial design, positive imaging diagnoses in @entity0 selection are likely to assume an increasingly useful role.

title: New imaging strategies for XXXX selection for thrombolytic and neuroprotective therapies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis may operate the 'selection' between follicles destined for @entity4 and follicles that will remain available for ovulation. The aim of this study is to assess the expression of apoptosis in quiescent follicles. METHODS: Ovarian cortex samples from @entity0 of reproductive age, fixed in @entity1 , were used for immunohistochemical and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) methods. In histological sections the follicles were classified as primordial, primary, secondary and antral. Follicle density was defined as the total number of follicles/0.5 cm(2) of ovarian cortical tissue. Mab DO-7 (anti- @entity3 ) and Mab 124 (anti- @entity2 ) were used in the immunohistochemical study. RESULTS: TUNEL was positive in 23.4% of the primordial follicles, and in 23.2% of the primary follicles, both in oocytes and granulosa cells, whereas all secondary follicles were negative. @entity2 activity was expressed in 75% of secondary follicles. @entity3 was negative in all samples. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis could be the process responsible for @entity4 of quiescent follicles and hence depletion of the ovarian germ stockpile. Follicular cells expressing @entity2 may therefore be the viable cells that escape the apoptotic process. Negative @entity3 patterns may be a favourable prognostic finding showing genome integrity in the replicating follicular cells of @entity0 of reproductive age.

title: Evidence of apoptosis in XXXX primordial and primary follicles.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Two- and three-dimensional radiographic techniques are available to determine @entity3 -related @entity2 around dental implants. PURPOSE: To compare the performance of detecting different peri-implant bone defects in intraoral radiography (IR), panoramic radiography (PR), Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) and Computer Tomography (CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six implants were inserted under ideal conditions into the lower jaw of an edentulous @entity0 cadaver. IR, PR, CBCT and CT were performed. Two-wall, three-wall and four-wall defects with 1  mm depth were artificially created around two of the implants (one anterior and one posterior), and radiographies were repeated. The identical set-up was used for 3-mm-deep bone defects. All images were presented to seven observers. Sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) were determined for each modality, @entity1 , and likelihood ratios were calculated. RESULTS: The highest sensitivity was found with IR and CBCT for 1  mm (0.67; 0.68) and 3-mm defects (0.81; 0.79). The highest specificity was found with IR for both defect depths (0.51). The best classification of defect type revealed PR for both 1-mm and 3-mm-deep defects. Both likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) were best for IR with 1-mm (1.37 and 0.65) and with 3-mm defects (1.65 and 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: IR should still be recommended as favourable method evaluating @entity2 around dental implants, while CT demonstrated the lowest performance in detecting peri-implant bone defects.

title: Detection of peri-implant bone defects with different radiographic techniques - a XXXX cadaver study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity9 has been shown to be highly efficacious for preventing @entity8 in @entity7 in randomized trials, but its effectiveness and safety in clinical practice is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity9 on risk of @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity3 in @entity7 within a usual care setting. DESIGN: Cohort study assembled between July 1, 1996, and December 31, 1997, and followed up through August 31, 1999. SETTING: Large integrated health care system in Northern California. @entity0 : Of 13,559 adults with nonvalvular @entity7 , 11,526 were studied, 43% of whom were @entity0 , mean age 71 years, with no known contraindications to anticoagulation at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES: @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity5 , and @entity3 according to @entity9 use and comorbidity status, as determined by automated databases, review of medical records, and state mortality files. RESULTS: Among 11,526 @entity0 , 397 incident @entity8 events (372 @entity4 , 25 @entity10 ) occurred during 25,341 @entity0 -years of follow-up, and @entity9 therapy was associated with a 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-60%) lower risk of @entity8 compared with no @entity9 therapy (either no antithrombotic therapy or @entity2 ) after adjusting for potential confounders and likelihood of receiving @entity9 . @entity9 was effective in reducing @entity8 risk in the presence or absence of risk factors for @entity1 . A nested case-control analysis estimated a 64% reduction in odds of @entity8 with @entity9 compared with no antithrombotic therapy. @entity9 was also associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.61-0.77). @entity6 was uncommon, but the rate was moderately higher among those taking vs those not taking @entity9 (0.46 vs 0.23 per 100 @entity0 -years, respectively; P =.003, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24-3.13). However, @entity9 therapy was not associated with an increased adjusted risk of nonintracranial major @entity5 . The effects of @entity9 were similar when @entity0 with contraindications at baseline were analyzed separately or combined with those without contraindications (total cohort of 13,559). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 is very effective for preventing @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity7 in clinical practice while the absolute increase in the risk of @entity6 is small. Results of randomized trials of anticoagulation translate well into clinical care for @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Anticoagulation therapy for XXXX prevention in @entity7 : how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice?

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity9 has been shown to be highly efficacious for preventing @entity8 in @entity7 in randomized trials, but its effectiveness and safety in clinical practice is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity9 on risk of @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity3 in @entity7 within a usual care setting. DESIGN: Cohort study assembled between July 1, 1996, and December 31, 1997, and followed up through August 31, 1999. SETTING: Large integrated health care system in Northern California. @entity0 : Of 13,559 adults with nonvalvular @entity7 , 11,526 were studied, 43% of whom were @entity0 , mean age 71 years, with no known contraindications to anticoagulation at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES: @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity5 , and @entity3 according to @entity9 use and comorbidity status, as determined by automated databases, review of medical records, and state mortality files. RESULTS: Among 11,526 @entity0 , 397 incident @entity8 events (372 @entity4 , 25 @entity10 ) occurred during 25,341 @entity0 -years of follow-up, and @entity9 therapy was associated with a 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-60%) lower risk of @entity8 compared with no @entity9 therapy (either no antithrombotic therapy or @entity2 ) after adjusting for potential confounders and likelihood of receiving @entity9 . @entity9 was effective in reducing @entity8 risk in the presence or absence of risk factors for @entity1 . A nested case-control analysis estimated a 64% reduction in odds of @entity8 with @entity9 compared with no antithrombotic therapy. @entity9 was also associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.61-0.77). @entity6 was uncommon, but the rate was moderately higher among those taking vs those not taking @entity9 (0.46 vs 0.23 per 100 @entity0 -years, respectively; P =.003, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24-3.13). However, @entity9 therapy was not associated with an increased adjusted risk of nonintracranial major @entity5 . The effects of @entity9 were similar when @entity0 with contraindications at baseline were analyzed separately or combined with those without contraindications (total cohort of 13,559). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 is very effective for preventing @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity7 in clinical practice while the absolute increase in the risk of @entity6 is small. Results of randomized trials of anticoagulation translate well into clinical care for @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Anticoagulation therapy for @entity1 prevention in XXXX : how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice?

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define relationships among various clinical characteristics of @entity1 occurring after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: Postal survey. SETTING: General community. @entity0 : Of 330 subjects with @entity3 reporting @entity2 in a previous survey, 217 volunteered. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detailed @entity1 history. RESULTS: @entity0 had been injured for an average of 8.2 +/- 5.1 years and 55.4% were tetraplegic. Most subjects marked multiple areas on a @entity1 drawing with the back area most frequently (61.8%) indicated. The most common qualities reported were @entity1 (59.9%) and @entity1 (54.4%). Burning was significantly associated with @entity1 in frontal parts of torso and genitals, buttocks, and lower extremities, whereas aching was significantly associated with neck and shoulders and back. The factor analysis of the relationships between level of injury, location of @entity1 , quality of @entity1 , @entity1 intensity rating, duration of @entity1 breaks, and time for @entity1 onset resulted in 3 groupings: (1) @entity1 locations, @entity1 , lower extremity; (2) @entity1 , shoulder and neck, cervical injury; and (3) early onset of @entity1 , no breaks to short breaks of @entity1 , and high average @entity1 intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Relationships among various clinical features of @entity1 after @entity3 reveal common clinical patterns important for increased understanding of @entity1 mechanisms and for the design of therapeutic interventions for @entity1 management.

title: Relationships among clinical characteristics of XXXX after @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define relationships among various clinical characteristics of @entity1 occurring after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: Postal survey. SETTING: General community. @entity0 : Of 330 subjects with @entity3 reporting @entity2 in a previous survey, 217 volunteered. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detailed @entity1 history. RESULTS: @entity0 had been injured for an average of 8.2 +/- 5.1 years and 55.4% were tetraplegic. Most subjects marked multiple areas on a @entity1 drawing with the back area most frequently (61.8%) indicated. The most common qualities reported were @entity1 (59.9%) and @entity1 (54.4%). Burning was significantly associated with @entity1 in frontal parts of torso and genitals, buttocks, and lower extremities, whereas aching was significantly associated with neck and shoulders and back. The factor analysis of the relationships between level of injury, location of @entity1 , quality of @entity1 , @entity1 intensity rating, duration of @entity1 breaks, and time for @entity1 onset resulted in 3 groupings: (1) @entity1 locations, @entity1 , lower extremity; (2) @entity1 , shoulder and neck, cervical injury; and (3) early onset of @entity1 , no breaks to short breaks of @entity1 , and high average @entity1 intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Relationships among various clinical features of @entity1 after @entity3 reveal common clinical patterns important for increased understanding of @entity1 mechanisms and for the design of therapeutic interventions for @entity1 management.

title: Relationships among clinical characteristics of @entity2 after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The non-invasive imaging modalities, color coded duplex sonography (CCDS), magnetic resonance tomography (MRT), and computed tomography (CT), have pushed conventional angiography out of most diagnostic fields. The experienced user will achieve fast, reliable answers with CCDS in dedicated clinical settings. MRT as well as CT are concurring imaging modalities for the most appropriate diagnostic answer. Not only pure image quality, but also @entity0 management, and availability play a major role. Catheter based angiography will in the future still play a role in @entity3 ( @entity1 ) and for imaging of very small vessel pathology, e.g. on @entity4 . At the moment, peripheral leg run-offs are still best performed with conventional angiography, nevertheless, MR as well as CT seem to have the ability to perform diagnostic procedures. Ongoing studies will allow a solid judgement in the near future. The true value of catheter angiography is in the direct assessment, planning, and performance of interventional procedures, e.g. catheter based obliteration or revascularization. Implantation of stent devices and a whole range of different mechanical and pharmacological revascularization procedures have improved the interventional management of vascular stenoses and occlusions. The interventional radiologist is treating physician in the classical sense in this setting. Acute @entity2 episodes, e.g. in the brain, thorax, abdomen, or pelvis, are best imaged with computed tomography. Conventional angiography still plays a major diagnostic and therapeutic role in @entity2 into preformed cavities, such as the bile ducts or the intestine. In this setting, all available information including CT scans should be valued. For complex therapeutic regimens in oncology or in pure palliative situations, angiographic diagnosis followed by embolization and/or ablation therapy is established.

title: [The vascular XXXX --diagnosis and minimally invasive therapy. Which technique for what illness?].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 17-year-old @entity0 presented with a rare case of intracranial seeding of @entity3 after repeated surgery. She initially presented with secondary @entity4 and @entity2 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a suprasellar mass. @entity1 was performed. The diagnosis was @entity3 . Seven months later, the @entity0 underwent a second operation for recurrence of the @entity3 . Subsequently, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting and gamma knife surgery were performed. Twenty-seven months after the first operation, @entity5 were found in the right frontal and temporal lobes. Positive @entity1 cytology was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained from the VP shunt chamber. These @entity1 were subtotally resected. However, the @entity0 died from consecutive @entity1 recurrence 4 years after the initial diagnosis.

title: Multiple intracranial seeding of XXXX after repeated surgery--case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The extent of surgical treatment of well differentiated @entity3 has been controversial and widely discussed for years. Although the recommendations defining the strategy of thyroid surgery were approved in 1995, a lot of questions remained. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse long-term results of surgical treatment of @entity3 according to the type of applied surgical procedure. The study group consisted of 206 @entity0 surgically treated for well differentiated @entity3 with the minimal follow-up period of 5 years. The median age @entity0 was 49.1 years. 159 @entity0 (77.2%) have still remained in the follow-up programme, 23 died because of @entity3 (11.1%) and the remaining 24 have either refused to participate in the programme or died of other causes. Median follow-up period was 10.7 years. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 90 @entity0 (43.7%) and less extensive procedures in 106 (51.4%). The remaining @entity0 were qualified for @entity1 mass and they were not included in this study. The comparison of the @entity0 with I and II stage of the disease according to the type of surgical procedure did not show differences in 10-year survival. In stage III the difference was very close to statistical significance. The same results were observed with regard to disease recurrence. Long-time survival in low risk @entity0 was not related to the extent of surgical procedure. The risk of recurrence and @entity2 was higher in the @entity0 with @entity4 in stage III who underwent less radical procedures like total resection of involved lobe with isthmus and subtotal resection of contralateral lobe.

title: [Radical surgical treatment of differentiated XXXX --necessity or over-enthusiasm?].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Permanent @entity1 is a method of choice in the treatment of specific @entity2 and conduction disturbances. Clinical studies show that cardiac performance diminished at the site of impulse spreading. It determines local hypotrophy below the position of the pacing lead (early electric activation) with @entity3 changes in the opposite lying myocardium (late electric activation). It seems that morphological changes, especially research by intravital methods, so relevant in permanent pacing to today's invasive cardiologist, are not understood in full. In connection with this we decided, on the basis on the echocardiographic examination, to evaluate in detail the morphology of the right ventricle and atrium in @entity0 with permanent pacing. Research was carried out on a group of 124 @entity0 (68 males, 56 females) from 40-93 years of age (avg. 68 +/- 14 yrs): 86 @entity0 had implanted pacemakers or AICD (group I), the control group consisted of 38 @entity0 with other @entity1 without any pacemaker devices (group II). We measured echocardiographically the following diameters: end-diastolic and systolic diameters of the right ventricle/atrium in short and long axis, diameter of the tricuspid orifice valve and calculated area of the tricuspid orifice based on a special formula. Regarding the morphometric parameters of the right ventricle and right atrium, we confirmed that all diameters of group I were overshooting in correlation to group II. Those differences, such as RVd-short and -long, RVs-long, RVinflow, RA-long and -short, TRId, were statistically significant. Regarding the area of the tricuspid orifice (TRIa), we did not observe any changes in the two examined groups. We concluded that @entity0 with implanted devices have changes in the morphometric parameters of the right ventricle, atrium and orifice, but they do not depend on the duration of pacemaker implantation.

title: Echocardiographic morphometry of the right chambers of the heart in permanent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are rare. Most publications regarding these @entity1 are reports of isolated cases; therefore they don't allow an evaluation of diagnostic and treatment procedures. MATERIAL _ METHODS: We preformed a pooled analysis of 90 cases of @entity4 reported in the literature. RESULTS: Mean age was 45.3 (19 to 85 years), 68 (75.6%) were @entity0 . Filling symptoms were the most frequently reported (50%), followed by voiding symptoms (24.4%). Twenty four @entity0 (26.7%) were asymptomatic. @entity1 were endoluminal in 46 @entity0 (51.1%), intramural in 27 (30%) and extravesical in 15 (16.7%). A laparotomy was performed in 56 @entity0 (62.2%), with enucleation in 29 (32.2%), partial cystectomy in 25 (27.8%) and total cystectomy in 2 (2.2%). A transurethral resection was preformed in 27 (30%) and a transvaginal resection in 5 (5.6%). Two @entity0 underwent conservative treatment. In 3 cases there were reports of recurrence and one @entity0 got a @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity4 are rare, when evaluating @entity2 , imaging techniques can make suspect of this @entity1 . Surgical treatment of these @entity1 has a very high success rate. Usually an enucleation or a transurethral resection is sufficient to render the @entity0 @entity1 free, avoiding a more iatrogenic surgery.

title: [ XXXX . Analysis of a collection of 90 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. The present study attempted to pharmacologically characterize the alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in @entity0 isolated and perfused mandibular alveolar artery (MAA). 2. @entity1 (NA) and @entity2 (PE) induced a strong vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. The PE-induced vascular constriction was significantly inhibited by treatment with @entity3 . @entity5 evoked a moderate vascular constriction and the @entity5 -induced response was suppressed by @entity4 . The NA-induced response was partially inhibited by @entity4 and the remaining response to NA was abolished by subsequent administration of @entity3 . 3. Treatment of MAA with @entity6 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of NA-induced vasoconstriction. Pretreatment of tissues with 10 micromol/L @entity7 produced a slight and statistically significant inhibition of NA-induced responses. @entity8 , a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to significantly affect vasoconstrictor responses to NA. 4. The present results suggests that: (i) both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors are involved in vasoconstrictor responses in the @entity0 MAA; and (ii) the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors involved in the vasoconstrictor responses in the MAA are characterized as mainly of the @entity9 )- and partially of the @entity10 subtype.

title: Existence of XXXX )- and @entity10 subtypes in @entity0 mandibular alveolar arteries.

answer: @entity9


abstract: 1. The present study attempted to pharmacologically characterize the alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in @entity0 isolated and perfused mandibular alveolar artery (MAA). 2. @entity1 (NA) and @entity2 (PE) induced a strong vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. The PE-induced vascular constriction was significantly inhibited by treatment with @entity3 . @entity5 evoked a moderate vascular constriction and the @entity5 -induced response was suppressed by @entity4 . The NA-induced response was partially inhibited by @entity4 and the remaining response to NA was abolished by subsequent administration of @entity3 . 3. Treatment of MAA with @entity6 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of NA-induced vasoconstriction. Pretreatment of tissues with 10 micromol/L @entity7 produced a slight and statistically significant inhibition of NA-induced responses. @entity8 , a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to significantly affect vasoconstrictor responses to NA. 4. The present results suggests that: (i) both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors are involved in vasoconstrictor responses in the @entity0 MAA; and (ii) the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors involved in the vasoconstrictor responses in the MAA are characterized as mainly of the @entity9 )- and partially of the @entity10 subtype.

title: Existence of @entity9 )- and XXXX subtypes in @entity0 mandibular alveolar arteries.

answer: @entity10


abstract: 1. The present study attempted to pharmacologically characterize the alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in @entity0 isolated and perfused mandibular alveolar artery (MAA). 2. @entity1 (NA) and @entity2 (PE) induced a strong vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. The PE-induced vascular constriction was significantly inhibited by treatment with @entity3 . @entity5 evoked a moderate vascular constriction and the @entity5 -induced response was suppressed by @entity4 . The NA-induced response was partially inhibited by @entity4 and the remaining response to NA was abolished by subsequent administration of @entity3 . 3. Treatment of MAA with @entity6 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of NA-induced vasoconstriction. Pretreatment of tissues with 10 micromol/L @entity7 produced a slight and statistically significant inhibition of NA-induced responses. @entity8 , a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to significantly affect vasoconstrictor responses to NA. 4. The present results suggests that: (i) both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors are involved in vasoconstrictor responses in the @entity0 MAA; and (ii) the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors involved in the vasoconstrictor responses in the MAA are characterized as mainly of the @entity9 )- and partially of the @entity10 subtype.

title: Existence of @entity9 )- and @entity10 subtypes in XXXX mandibular alveolar arteries.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Elevated plasma @entity10 and mild hypocortisolemia have been observed in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory effect of @entity9 on @entity6 . @entity8 was induced by intravenous insulin injection (0.1 IU/kg) in 10 female volunteers of fertile age during their follicular phase twice: 60 min after either @entity7 (10 mg orally) or placebo administration. Blood samples were collected from an indwelling catheter inserted into the cubital vein at -60, 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The concentrations of @entity10 , @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity1 were measured in plasma. @entity7 administration significantly increased plasma @entity10 concentrations (71 +/- 11 ng/ml vs. 14 +/- 6 ng/ml; p <0.001), while basal plasma concentrations of @entity11 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 were unaffected. Insulin-induced @entity8 resulted in a significant rise in the mean plasma @entity11 levels from 10 +/- 1 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 11 +/- 1 pg/ml (controls) to 148 +/- 19 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 139 +/- 12 pg/ml (controls) at 45 min (p < 0.001), in plasma @entity3 from 407 +/- 62 nmol/l ( @entity7 ) and 391 +/- 42 nmol/l (controls) to 925 +/- 60 nmol/l ( @entity7 ) and 810 +/- 52 nmol/l (controls) at 60 min (p < 0.001), and in plasma @entity5 from 40 +/- 26 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 16 +/- 3 pg/ml (controls) to 274 +/- 55 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 352 +/- 61 pg/ml (controls) at 30 min; (p < 0.001). The significant increase in @entity11 , @entity3 and @entity5 responses to @entity8 was similar in both groups. We observed mild @entity4 response to @entity8 but this was irrespective of the medication. In conclusion, pharmacologically-induced @entity9 did not induce significant changes of @entity6 and did not influence sympathoadrenal activity in healthy young @entity0 .

title: @entity9 does not influence XXXX during @entity8 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Elevated plasma @entity10 and mild hypocortisolemia have been observed in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory effect of @entity9 on @entity6 . @entity8 was induced by intravenous insulin injection (0.1 IU/kg) in 10 female volunteers of fertile age during their follicular phase twice: 60 min after either @entity7 (10 mg orally) or placebo administration. Blood samples were collected from an indwelling catheter inserted into the cubital vein at -60, 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The concentrations of @entity10 , @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity1 were measured in plasma. @entity7 administration significantly increased plasma @entity10 concentrations (71 +/- 11 ng/ml vs. 14 +/- 6 ng/ml; p <0.001), while basal plasma concentrations of @entity11 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 were unaffected. Insulin-induced @entity8 resulted in a significant rise in the mean plasma @entity11 levels from 10 +/- 1 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 11 +/- 1 pg/ml (controls) to 148 +/- 19 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 139 +/- 12 pg/ml (controls) at 45 min (p < 0.001), in plasma @entity3 from 407 +/- 62 nmol/l ( @entity7 ) and 391 +/- 42 nmol/l (controls) to 925 +/- 60 nmol/l ( @entity7 ) and 810 +/- 52 nmol/l (controls) at 60 min (p < 0.001), and in plasma @entity5 from 40 +/- 26 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 16 +/- 3 pg/ml (controls) to 274 +/- 55 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 352 +/- 61 pg/ml (controls) at 30 min; (p < 0.001). The significant increase in @entity11 , @entity3 and @entity5 responses to @entity8 was similar in both groups. We observed mild @entity4 response to @entity8 but this was irrespective of the medication. In conclusion, pharmacologically-induced @entity9 did not induce significant changes of @entity6 and did not influence sympathoadrenal activity in healthy young @entity0 .

title: XXXX does not influence @entity6 during @entity8 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Elevated plasma @entity10 and mild hypocortisolemia have been observed in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory effect of @entity9 on @entity6 . @entity8 was induced by intravenous insulin injection (0.1 IU/kg) in 10 female volunteers of fertile age during their follicular phase twice: 60 min after either @entity7 (10 mg orally) or placebo administration. Blood samples were collected from an indwelling catheter inserted into the cubital vein at -60, 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The concentrations of @entity10 , @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity1 were measured in plasma. @entity7 administration significantly increased plasma @entity10 concentrations (71 +/- 11 ng/ml vs. 14 +/- 6 ng/ml; p <0.001), while basal plasma concentrations of @entity11 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 were unaffected. Insulin-induced @entity8 resulted in a significant rise in the mean plasma @entity11 levels from 10 +/- 1 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 11 +/- 1 pg/ml (controls) to 148 +/- 19 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 139 +/- 12 pg/ml (controls) at 45 min (p < 0.001), in plasma @entity3 from 407 +/- 62 nmol/l ( @entity7 ) and 391 +/- 42 nmol/l (controls) to 925 +/- 60 nmol/l ( @entity7 ) and 810 +/- 52 nmol/l (controls) at 60 min (p < 0.001), and in plasma @entity5 from 40 +/- 26 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 16 +/- 3 pg/ml (controls) to 274 +/- 55 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 352 +/- 61 pg/ml (controls) at 30 min; (p < 0.001). The significant increase in @entity11 , @entity3 and @entity5 responses to @entity8 was similar in both groups. We observed mild @entity4 response to @entity8 but this was irrespective of the medication. In conclusion, pharmacologically-induced @entity9 did not induce significant changes of @entity6 and did not influence sympathoadrenal activity in healthy young @entity0 .

title: @entity9 does not influence @entity6 during XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Elevated plasma @entity10 and mild hypocortisolemia have been observed in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory effect of @entity9 on @entity6 . @entity8 was induced by intravenous insulin injection (0.1 IU/kg) in 10 female volunteers of fertile age during their follicular phase twice: 60 min after either @entity7 (10 mg orally) or placebo administration. Blood samples were collected from an indwelling catheter inserted into the cubital vein at -60, 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The concentrations of @entity10 , @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity1 were measured in plasma. @entity7 administration significantly increased plasma @entity10 concentrations (71 +/- 11 ng/ml vs. 14 +/- 6 ng/ml; p <0.001), while basal plasma concentrations of @entity11 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 were unaffected. Insulin-induced @entity8 resulted in a significant rise in the mean plasma @entity11 levels from 10 +/- 1 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 11 +/- 1 pg/ml (controls) to 148 +/- 19 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 139 +/- 12 pg/ml (controls) at 45 min (p < 0.001), in plasma @entity3 from 407 +/- 62 nmol/l ( @entity7 ) and 391 +/- 42 nmol/l (controls) to 925 +/- 60 nmol/l ( @entity7 ) and 810 +/- 52 nmol/l (controls) at 60 min (p < 0.001), and in plasma @entity5 from 40 +/- 26 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 16 +/- 3 pg/ml (controls) to 274 +/- 55 pg/ml ( @entity7 ) and 352 +/- 61 pg/ml (controls) at 30 min; (p < 0.001). The significant increase in @entity11 , @entity3 and @entity5 responses to @entity8 was similar in both groups. We observed mild @entity4 response to @entity8 but this was irrespective of the medication. In conclusion, pharmacologically-induced @entity9 did not induce significant changes of @entity6 and did not influence sympathoadrenal activity in healthy young @entity0 .

title: @entity9 does not influence @entity6 during @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: @entity3 of @entity7 has not been described. We analysed the features of 17 @entity0 with @entity7 probably infected with fungi. METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 were identified with clinically infected foot @entity5 , (i) which had failed to heal despite prolonged antibiotic therapy and intensive podiatric care, (ii) from which Candida spp. was isolated or hyphae +/- @entity4 were visualized in material from @entity5 or surrounding skin. RESULTS: Multiple @entity5 arising simultaneously were present in 10 @entity0 (59%), preceded by blistering in seven cases. Single @entity5 with markedly ulcerated margins were present in seven (41%) @entity0 and were preceded by blisters in two. All 17 cases had @entity2 and 15 (88%) had severe @entity6 . All @entity5 responded to antifungal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Candida spp. is associated with two distinctive patterns of protracted @entity5 in @entity1 which improve following systemic antifungal therapy. Diabet. Med. 18, 567-572 (2001)

title: XXXX of the @entity1 foot: two distinct syndromes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: @entity3 of @entity7 has not been described. We analysed the features of 17 @entity0 with @entity7 probably infected with fungi. METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 were identified with clinically infected foot @entity5 , (i) which had failed to heal despite prolonged antibiotic therapy and intensive podiatric care, (ii) from which Candida spp. was isolated or hyphae +/- @entity4 were visualized in material from @entity5 or surrounding skin. RESULTS: Multiple @entity5 arising simultaneously were present in 10 @entity0 (59%), preceded by blistering in seven cases. Single @entity5 with markedly ulcerated margins were present in seven (41%) @entity0 and were preceded by blisters in two. All 17 cases had @entity2 and 15 (88%) had severe @entity6 . All @entity5 responded to antifungal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Candida spp. is associated with two distinctive patterns of protracted @entity5 in @entity1 which improve following systemic antifungal therapy. Diabet. Med. 18, 567-572 (2001)

title: @entity3 of the XXXX foot: two distinct syndromes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Healthy heavy body weight strain of adult male @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the same age were used in this study to observe the effect of hemicastration and castration on the frequency of foam discharges from cloacal gland and other related parameters. The quails were housed in individual cages and divided into four groups: control (intact birds), sham-operated control (intact birds with incision), hemicastrated, and castrated groups of birds. Hemicastration and castration were carried out surgically at 10 and 13 weeks of age, respectively. Subsequently, 3 weeks after castration birds were examined for different parameters. Hemicastration caused a significant (P < 0.05) drop in the foam discharge frequency, weight of the foam, and the level of @entity1 in the plasma, whereas in castrated group these variables were observed nil or negligible as compared to both of the controls. A suppressive effect of hemicastration was also noticed on the body weight, area of the cloacal gland, as well as percent fertility. Castration induced the drastic regression of the cloacal gland and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of the body weight was also noted as compared to other groups. Frequencies of foam discharges were twice the number in daytime (06:00-18:00 h) than night, irrespective of the groups. In another study, the effect of characteristics of foam or foam glands on fertility was examined in 77 male birds paired with females. Several characteristics of foam and foam glands were examined for @entity0 , such as light yellow foam, dark yellow foam, smaller area of foam gland (below 225 mm2), hardness of foam gland and certain unknown factors that contributed 0.23, 0.68, 5.23, 2.27 and 3.64% @entity0 , respectively. An overall 12.1% birds were found to be @entity0 . This data indicated that smaller sizes of foam glands might reflect the poorest fertilizing ability of the male birds. From this study, it may be concluded that the cloacal gland may be considered as an external indicator of testicular function of the birds. Characteristics of the cloacal gland or foam or both may be used as a simple and effective tool to predict the fertilizing ability of an individual male in view of the very small semen ejaculate that is very difficult to collect and evaluate for fertility.

title: Effects of hemicastration and castration on foam production and its relationship with fertility in male XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) A33 detects a glycoprotein homogeneously expressed by > 95% of @entity0 @entity3 and by normal colon cells. The @entity5 is not secreted or shed and after mAb A33 binds to antigen on the cell membrane, a fraction of membrane-bound mAb A33 is internalized into endosomes. Phase @entity6 -mAb A33 biodistribution studies have shown consistent, specific @entity1 -targeting, and phase I radioimmunotherapy trials with 131I- or 125I-mAb A33 have demonstrated antitumor effects. Here we describe a nude @entity2 model that was established using a @entity0 @entity3 cell line, SW1222, which grows as a relatively hypovascular, invasive heterotransplant when injected i.m. Peak uptake of 131I-labeled or 111In-chelated mAb A33 was observed at 48-96 h, with a mean of 34% (SE +/- 5.0) and 46.7% (SE +/- 1.7) injected dose per gram of @entity1 tissue, respectively. 111In-mAb A33 was retained in @entity1 tissue longer than @entity4 radioimmunoconjugates. The specificity of antibody localization was assessed using a control antibody ( @entity1 uptake and pharmacokinetics), a control @entity1 , corrections for vascular antibody blood-pooling in @entity1 tissue, and blocking of radiolabeled mAb A33 localization by pretreating @entity2 with excess unlabeled mAb A33. These experiments demonstrate that mAb A33 localization in @entity1 was specific, and they emphasize the unexpected rapidity with which the antibody localizes. Our conclusions were confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques which allowed direct visualization of localization and distribution of the humanized version of mAb A33 in @entity1 tissue. Furthermore, antibody doses approximating @entity1 -saturating doses demonstrated that a homogeneous distribution of antibody in @entity1 is possible. This model will be valuable for studies focusing on general physiologic aspects of antibody-to- @entity1 cell localization and critical as a guide to the evaluation of various A33 antibody constructs and combinations with other therapies for the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Rapid and specific targeting of monoclonal antibody A33 to a XXXX xenograft in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) A33 detects a glycoprotein homogeneously expressed by > 95% of @entity0 @entity3 and by normal colon cells. The @entity5 is not secreted or shed and after mAb A33 binds to antigen on the cell membrane, a fraction of membrane-bound mAb A33 is internalized into endosomes. Phase @entity6 -mAb A33 biodistribution studies have shown consistent, specific @entity1 -targeting, and phase I radioimmunotherapy trials with 131I- or 125I-mAb A33 have demonstrated antitumor effects. Here we describe a nude @entity2 model that was established using a @entity0 @entity3 cell line, SW1222, which grows as a relatively hypovascular, invasive heterotransplant when injected i.m. Peak uptake of 131I-labeled or 111In-chelated mAb A33 was observed at 48-96 h, with a mean of 34% (SE +/- 5.0) and 46.7% (SE +/- 1.7) injected dose per gram of @entity1 tissue, respectively. 111In-mAb A33 was retained in @entity1 tissue longer than @entity4 radioimmunoconjugates. The specificity of antibody localization was assessed using a control antibody ( @entity1 uptake and pharmacokinetics), a control @entity1 , corrections for vascular antibody blood-pooling in @entity1 tissue, and blocking of radiolabeled mAb A33 localization by pretreating @entity2 with excess unlabeled mAb A33. These experiments demonstrate that mAb A33 localization in @entity1 was specific, and they emphasize the unexpected rapidity with which the antibody localizes. Our conclusions were confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques which allowed direct visualization of localization and distribution of the humanized version of mAb A33 in @entity1 tissue. Furthermore, antibody doses approximating @entity1 -saturating doses demonstrated that a homogeneous distribution of antibody in @entity1 is possible. This model will be valuable for studies focusing on general physiologic aspects of antibody-to- @entity1 cell localization and critical as a guide to the evaluation of various A33 antibody constructs and combinations with other therapies for the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Rapid and specific targeting of monoclonal antibody A33 to a @entity3 xenograft in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine the relationships among length of @entity2 resected, total tracheal length, and anastomotic tension when using various release maneuvers, we studied 10 adult @entity0 cadavers: 5 male and 5 female. The @entity2 was transected between rings 2 and 3. Precision, handheld spring tensiometers (Geneva Gage, LLC) were used to measure the tension required to approximate, and then overlap, the proximal segment relative to the distal segment, and the distal segment relative to the proximal segment after these maneuvers: no release, blunt dissection, neck flexion, suprahyoid release (SHR) without neck flexion, SHR with neck flexion, and right hilar release. After the tension measurements were recorded, the @entity2 was harvested and the total tracheal length was measured. Length-tension curves were plotted for both the superior and inferior tracheal segments after each release maneuver. The stiffness coefficient for the @entity2 and the resting load on the @entity2 following each release maneuver were calculated. An exponential length-tension relationship existed for the distal tracheal segment regardless of whether release maneuvers were performed. The proximal tracheal segment exhibited a linear length-tension relationship initially, but displayed an exponential relationship after SHR. We could resect 6.68 cm (range, 4.2 to 9.9 cm), 13.3 rings (range, 10 to 20 rings), or 65.5% (range, 42% to 100%) of the @entity2 without undue tension (<1,000 g) on the @entity1 . We conclude that various tracheal release maneuvers are effective in increasing the length of @entity2 that can be relatively safely resected. However, these maneuvers are not uniformly effective across subjects.

title: Tracheal resection with primary XXXX in cadavers: the effects of releasing maneuvers and length of tracheal resection on tension.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study is a retrospective analysis of 134 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy at our hospital. The sample included 88 stage T1 and 46 stage T2 @entity0 . Sixty-two @entity0 had anterior commissure involvement, 37 @entity0 had impaired vocal @entity2 , and 24 @entity0 had supraglottic or subglottic extension. Irradiation was given, with the dose ranging from 60 to 72 Gy. Laryngectomy was the main salvage treatment for local recurrence. The 5-year initial and final local control rates were 71% and 83%, and the 10-year initial and final local control rates were 69% and 80%, comparable to the results of other series. The 5-year rate of overall survival with final larynx preservation was 77%. Multivariate analysis revealed that anterior commissure involvement is prognostic of a poor outcome in @entity0 with T1 @entity1 . Further subgroup analysis revealed that a fraction size of > 200 cGy could overcome the negative impact of anterior commissure involvement and significantly improve the 5-year local control rate in T1 @entity0 (100% at > 200 cGy versus 45% at < or = 200 cGy; p = .04). Subglottic extension of the @entity1 predicted poor outcome in T2 @entity0 . The 5-year local control rates of @entity0 with and without subglottic extension were 9% and 77%, respectively (p < .001). According to our results, radiotherapy with a fraction size of > 200 cGy is recommended for T1 disease with anterior commissure involvement. For @entity0 with @entity3 and subglottic extension, radiotherapy alone produces poor results. Further improvement of outcomes by other treatment strategies needs to be investigated.

title: Radiotherapy of early-stage XXXX : analysis of factors affecting prognosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: : To investigate the effect of the eradication of @entity3 on histological @entity4 . METHODS: : Twenty-six @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 received successful eradication therapy of @entity3 . Four @entity0 dropped out and 22 were followed up prospectively for 5 years. The grades of @entity4 were estimated from gastric biopsy specimens. The grade of intestinal metaplasia was also evaluated by dye-endoscopy using @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The serum levels of pepsinogen, @entity6 and anti-parietal cell antibody were also determined. RESULTS: : The grades of @entity1 decreased in @entity0 with successful eradication therapy in the gastric corpus (before vs. 5 years after eradication, 2.09 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.17; P < 0.01) and in the antrum (2.14 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.17; P < 0.01). The levels of intestinal metaplasia were also decreased in the corpus (0.91 +/- 0.24 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.16; P < 0.05) and in the antrum (1.41 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.16; P < 0.05), which was also demonstrated by the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) staining method (33.4 +/- 8.2% vs. 23.0 +/- 6.5%; P < 0.05). The improvement of @entity1 correlated well with the high serum level of pepsinogen I (P = 0.005), but showed no correlation with the levels of anti-parietal cell antibody. CONCLUSIONS: : These results suggest that @entity2 and intestinal metaplasia are reversible events in some @entity0 .

title: XXXX eradication therapy improves atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia: a 5-year prospective study of @entity0 with atrophic gastritis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: : To investigate the effect of the eradication of @entity3 on histological @entity4 . METHODS: : Twenty-six @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 received successful eradication therapy of @entity3 . Four @entity0 dropped out and 22 were followed up prospectively for 5 years. The grades of @entity4 were estimated from gastric biopsy specimens. The grade of intestinal metaplasia was also evaluated by dye-endoscopy using @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The serum levels of pepsinogen, @entity6 and anti-parietal cell antibody were also determined. RESULTS: : The grades of @entity1 decreased in @entity0 with successful eradication therapy in the gastric corpus (before vs. 5 years after eradication, 2.09 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.17; P < 0.01) and in the antrum (2.14 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.17; P < 0.01). The levels of intestinal metaplasia were also decreased in the corpus (0.91 +/- 0.24 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.16; P < 0.05) and in the antrum (1.41 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.16; P < 0.05), which was also demonstrated by the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) staining method (33.4 +/- 8.2% vs. 23.0 +/- 6.5%; P < 0.05). The improvement of @entity1 correlated well with the high serum level of pepsinogen I (P = 0.005), but showed no correlation with the levels of anti-parietal cell antibody. CONCLUSIONS: : These results suggest that @entity2 and intestinal metaplasia are reversible events in some @entity0 .

title: @entity3 eradication therapy improves atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia: a 5-year prospective study of XXXX with atrophic gastritis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity0 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity0 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity0 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity0 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity3 and @entity2 and the metabolized solutes @entity1 and @entity4 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity5 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity1 , XXXX and @entity4 pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity0 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity0 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity0 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity0 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity3 and @entity2 and the metabolized solutes @entity1 and @entity4 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity5 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to @entity3 , @entity2 , XXXX , @entity5 and @entity4 pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity0 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity0 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity0 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity0 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity3 and @entity2 and the metabolized solutes @entity1 and @entity4 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity5 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to XXXX , @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity4 pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity0 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity0 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity0 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity0 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity3 and @entity2 and the metabolized solutes @entity1 and @entity4 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity5 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity5 and XXXX pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity0 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity0 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity0 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity0 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity3 and @entity2 and the metabolized solutes @entity1 and @entity4 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity5 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to @entity3 , XXXX , @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity4 pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Autologous iliac crest bone enhances the rate of spinal arthrodesis. However, graft site complications are common, with donor site pain being particularly troublesome. Reconstruction of the @entity5 with an absorbable @entity7 mesh to restore the bony cortical contour has been proposed to reduce @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-nine consecutive @entity0 treated by a single senior surgeon (BAG) during a 14-month period were studied. All @entity0 had @entity6 treated through an anterior approach supplemented with an autologous hip graft. @entity0 with preexisting @entity1 were excluded. @entity1 was rated on a scale of 1 to 10 at 1 week and 3 months after surgery via a questionnaire. @entity2 medication regimens were standardized. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 were available for follow-up, 15 with mesh implantation and 15 without. @entity1 in the mesh-treated group averaged 4.7 and 1.6 at 1 week and 3 months, respectively. @entity1 in the standard-treatment group averaged 6.9 and 2.5 at 1 week and 3 months, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (P = 0.004 at 1 wk and 0.055 at 3 mo). Hospital length of stay was shorter in the mesh-treated group (2.1 versus 3.2 d, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant. Two @entity0 without mesh treatment complained of the cosmetic defect resulting from absent bone, and three had temporary difficulty with hip eversion or flexion. Two @entity0 in the mesh-treated group developed @entity4 , which were treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the iliac crest reduces early @entity2 . Other potential benefits may include shorter hospitalizations and a reduced incidence of @entity3 ; however, careful attention to wound closure is necessary to prevent @entity4 formation.

title: Polylactic acid mesh reconstruction of the anterior iliac crest after bone harvesting reduces early XXXX after anterior cervical fusion surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Multiparameter flow cytometry can allow for accurate lineage assignment of @entity3 cell populations in approximately 99% of cases, whereby the emphasis lies in the word 'can'. Despite the fact that the very few markers that are lineage-specific are localized inside the cell (e.g. @entity4 , lactoferrin, cytoplasmic CD3, cytoplasmic @entity5 ), several investigators still shy away from including these essential test elements in their routine panels. Of course, the staining of intracellular antigens requires the added effort of determining optimal conditions. Published suggestions often need to be revised, and cell lines must be used as positive and negative controls. The same holds true for other new and exciting applications of flow cytometry, such as the monitoring of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or the establishment of physiological assays (e.g. measuring the activity of drug-efflux pumps). The beauty of-and unfortunately for some, the problem with-multiparameter flow cytometry is that although immunophenotyping by flow cytometry has become a routine approach to the diagnosis of @entity1 it is a discipline that is still in development. New antibodies are continually being introduced and new diagnostic and prognostically relevant subtypes are being published in almost every issue of the major scientific journals. It is therefore very important for the flow cytometrist not only to strive for optimal performance of all tests employed but also to keep up with new knowledge and to incorporate it into the interpretation of routine specimens. We owe it to our @entity0 to diagnose their disease accurately and in accordance with accepted standards of interpretation so that the treating physicians can trust immunophenotyping results and act accordingly in the management of their @entity0 .

title: How to optimize multiparameter flow cytometry for XXXX /lymphoma diagnosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity4 (clear cell RCC) and non- @entity4 (non-clear cell RCC). METHOD: Forty-five @entity0 were enrolled and classified into three groups according to the surgical pathology results. There were even amount of subjects (15) in each group of @entity1 group, clear cell RCC group and non-clear cell RCC group (including 6 @entity4 ). @entity3 the @entity0 underwent respiratory-triggered DWI on 3.0T MR system using multi b-values of 0, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800 sec/mm(2). Pure molecular-based (D), perfusion-related (D(*)) and vascular fraction (f) were calculated using a bi-exponential model. Comparisons of derived parameters derived by IVIM-DWI among three groups were performed using One-way ANOVA. RESULTS: D in clear cell RCC (1.8    1.5) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s was significantly higher than that in @entity1 (0.7    0.3) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s or non-clear cell RCC (0.9    0.3) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s (P < 0.05), while no statistical difference was observed between @entity1 and non-clear cell RCC (P = 0.807). D(*) demonstrated significant difference between @entity1 (33.3    18.2) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s and non-clear cell RCC (17.8    17.3) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s, (P < 0.05). No observed significant difference in f was revealed between any two groups. CONCLUSION: Pure water molecules (true diffusion) and capillary microcirculation (pseudo-diffusion) may result in the observed difference of parameters in these three types of @entity2 . D value can contribute to differentiate the clear cell RCC from @entity1 , and between clear cell and non-clear cell RCC as well. D(*) value may be applied to differentiate @entity1 from non-clear cell RCC.

title: [Intravoxel incoherent motion dwi in XXXX : differentiation between benign and malignant masses].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the conscious @entity0 , exposure to an air jet stressor increases arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. During @entity2 , air jet exposure extends the @entity1 necessary to produce @entity3 . It is possible that this enhanced defense of arterial pressure is a general characteristic of stressors. However, some stressors such as oscillation (OSC), although they increase arterial pressure, do not change heart rate or cardiac output. The cardiovascular changes during OSC resemble those seen during freezing behavior. In the present study, our hypothesis was that, unlike air jet, OSC would not affect defense of @entity3 during @entity1 . Male New Zealand White @entity0 were chronically prepared with arterial and venous catheters and Doppler flow probes. We removed venous blood until mean arterial pressure decreased to 40 mmHg. We repeated the experiment in each @entity0 on separate days in the presence and absence (SHAM) of OSC. Compared with SHAM, OSC increased arterial pressure 14 +/- 1 mmHg, central venous pressure 3.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg, and hindquarter blood flow 34 +/- 4% while decreasing mesenteric conductance 32 +/- 3% and not changing heart rate or cardiac output. During normotensive @entity2 , OSC enhanced hindquarter and renal vasoconstriction. Contrary to our hypothesis, OSC (23.5 +/- 0.6 ml/kg) increased the @entity1 necessary to produce @entity3 compared with SHAM (16.8 +/- 0.6 ml/kg). In nine @entity0 , OSC prevented @entity3 even after a @entity1 of 27 ml/kg. Thus a stressful stimulus that resulted in cardiovascular changes similar to those seen during freezing behavior enhanced defense of arterial pressure during @entity2 .

title: Hemodynamic effects of @entity1 during a passive response to a stressor in the conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the conscious @entity0 , exposure to an air jet stressor increases arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. During @entity2 , air jet exposure extends the @entity1 necessary to produce @entity3 . It is possible that this enhanced defense of arterial pressure is a general characteristic of stressors. However, some stressors such as oscillation (OSC), although they increase arterial pressure, do not change heart rate or cardiac output. The cardiovascular changes during OSC resemble those seen during freezing behavior. In the present study, our hypothesis was that, unlike air jet, OSC would not affect defense of @entity3 during @entity1 . Male New Zealand White @entity0 were chronically prepared with arterial and venous catheters and Doppler flow probes. We removed venous blood until mean arterial pressure decreased to 40 mmHg. We repeated the experiment in each @entity0 on separate days in the presence and absence (SHAM) of OSC. Compared with SHAM, OSC increased arterial pressure 14 +/- 1 mmHg, central venous pressure 3.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg, and hindquarter blood flow 34 +/- 4% while decreasing mesenteric conductance 32 +/- 3% and not changing heart rate or cardiac output. During normotensive @entity2 , OSC enhanced hindquarter and renal vasoconstriction. Contrary to our hypothesis, OSC (23.5 +/- 0.6 ml/kg) increased the @entity1 necessary to produce @entity3 compared with SHAM (16.8 +/- 0.6 ml/kg). In nine @entity0 , OSC prevented @entity3 even after a @entity1 of 27 ml/kg. Thus a stressful stimulus that resulted in cardiovascular changes similar to those seen during freezing behavior enhanced defense of arterial pressure during @entity2 .

title: Hemodynamic effects of XXXX during a passive response to a stressor in the conscious @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the incidence of @entity5 (CINV) after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC), under medical practice conditions and the accuracy with which physicians perceive CINV. METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity0 receiving MEC between April 2012 and May 2013 were included. @entity0 completed a diary of the intensity of @entity2 and number of @entity3 episodes. Complete response and complete protection were assessed as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Of 261 @entity0 included, 240 were evaluated. Median age was 64  years, 44.2  % were female and 11.2  % were aged less than 50  years; 95.3  % of @entity0 received a combination of @entity4 3 (5-HT3) antagonist   +   @entity1 as antiemetic treatment. Vomiting within 5  days of chemotherapy administration occurred in 20.8  %, @entity2 in 42  % and significant @entity2 in 23.8  % of @entity0 . An increase in the percentage of @entity0 with significant @entity2 (from 9.4 to 21.7  %) and @entity3 (from 9.2 to 16.5  %) was observed from the acute to the delayed phase. Complete response was 84.2  % in the acute phase, 77  % in the late phase and 68.9  % in overall period. Complete protection was 79.5  % in the acute phase, 68.8  % in the late phase and 62.4  % throughout the study period. Physicians estimated prophylaxis would be effective for 75  % of @entity0 receiving MEC, compared with 54.1  % obtained from @entity0 ' diary. CONCLUSION: Despite receiving prophylactic treatment, 31  % of @entity0 did not achieve a complete response and 38  % complete protection. In general, @entity2 was worse controlled than @entity3 . The results also showed the late phase was worse controlled than the acute phase in all variables. Healthcare providers overestimated the effectiveness of antiemetic prophylaxis.

title: Incidence of chemotherapy-induced XXXX with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: ADVICE (Actual Data of Vomiting Incidence by Chemotherapy Evaluation) study.

answer: @entity5