abstract: The two recently isolated hypothalamic peptides @entity6 and orexin B, also known as hypocretin 1 and 2, are reported to be important signaling molecules in feeding and sleep/wakefulness. Orexin-containing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus project to numerous areas of the @entity0 brain and spinal cord including the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. An in vivo and in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the hypothesis that orexins, acting on sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the @entity0 spinal cord, increase sympathetic outflow. First, @entity6 (0.3, 1, and 10 nmol) by intrathecal injection increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) by an average of 5, 18, and 30 mmHg and 10, 42, and 85 beats/min in @entity5 -anesthetized @entity0 . Intrathecal injection of saline had no significant effects. Orexin B (3 nmol) by intrathecal administration increased MAP and HR by an average of 11 mmHg and 40 beats/min. The pressor effects of @entity6 were attenuated by prior intrathecal injection of @entity6 antibodies (1:500 dilution) but not by normal serum albumin. Intravenous administration of the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist @entity3 (0.5 mg/kg) or the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist @entity2 (0.5 mg/kg) markedly diminished, respectively, the @entity6 -induced @entity1 . Second, whole cell patch recordings were made from antidromically identified SPNs of spinal cord slices from 12- to 16-day-old @entity0 . Superfusion of @entity6 or orexin B (100 or 300 nM) excited 12 of 17 SPNs, as evidenced by a membrane depolarization and/or increase of neuronal discharges. @entity6 - or B-induced depolarizations persisted in @entity4 (0.5 microM)-containing Krebs solution, indicating that the peptide acted directly on SPNs. Results from our in vivo and in vitro studies together with the previous observation of the presence of @entity6 -immunoreactive fibers in the IML suggest that orexins, when released within the IML, augment sympathetic outflow by acting directly on SPNs.

title: Orexins/hypocretins excite XXXX sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vivo and in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Experimental studies have shown that luminal bacteria may be involved in @entity1 . Probiotics are a possible alternative to antibiotics. The aim of this randomised placebo controlled study was to determine if Lactobacillus GG, given by mouth for one year, could prevent @entity1 after surgery or to reduce their severity. METHODS: @entity0 operated on for @entity1 in whom all of the diseased gut had been removed were randomly allocated to receive 12 billion colony forming units of Lactobacillus or identical placebo for one year. Ileocolonoscopy was performed at the end of the trial or at the onset of symptoms. Endoscopic recurrence was defined as grade 2 or higher of Rutgeerts scoring system. RESULTS: Eight of 45 @entity0 were excluded from the trial (three for non-compliance and five for protocol violations). Clinical recurrence was ascertained in three (16.6%) @entity0 who received Lactobacillus and in two (10.5%) who received placebo. Nine of 15 @entity0 in clinical remission on Lactobacillus (60%) had endoscopic recurrence compared with six of 17 (35.3%) on placebo (p=0.297). There were no significant differences in the severity of the lesions between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus GG seems neither to prevent endoscopic recurrence at one year nor reduce the severity of recurrent lesions.

title: Ineffectiveness of probiotics in preventing recurrence after curative resection for XXXX : a randomised controlled trial with Lactobacillus GG.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Monitoring of atrial signals improves the accuracy in identifying supraventricular @entity2 to prevent inappropriate therapies in @entity0 with implantable ICDs. Since difficulties due to the additional atrial lead were found in dual chamber @entity4 systems with two leads, the authors designed a single pass VDD lead for use with dual chamber ICDs. After a successful animal study, the prototype VDD lead (single coil defibrillation lead with two additional fractally coated rings for @entity1 sensing in the atrium) was temporarily used in 30 @entity0 during a German multicenter study. Atrial and ventricular signals were recorded during sinus rhythm (SR), @entity3 , AF, and VT or VF. The implantation of the lead was successful in 27 of 30 @entity0 . Mean atrial pacing threshold was 2.5 +/- 0.9 V/0.5 ms, mean atrial impedance was 213 +/- 31 ohms. Atrial amplitudes were greater during SR (2.7 +/- 1.6 mV) than during @entity3 (1.46 +/- 0.3 mV, P < 0.05) or AF (0.93 +/- 0.37 mV, P < 0.01). During VF atrial "sinus" signals had significantly (P < 0.01) lower amplitudes (1.4 +/- 0.52 mV) than during SR. The mean ventricular sensing was 13.3 +/- 7.9 mV and mean ventricular impedance was 577 +/- 64 ohms. Defibrillation was successful with a 20-J shock in all @entity0 . In addition, 99.6% of P waves could be detected in SR and 84.4% of flutter waves during @entity3 . During AF, 56.6% of atrial signals could be detected without modification of the signal amplifier. In conclusion, a new designed VDD dual chamber lead provides stable detection of atrial and ventricular signals during SR and @entity3 . Reliable detection of atrial signals is possible without modification of the @entity4 amplifier.

title: Multicenter experiences with a single lead electrode for dual chamber XXXX systems.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 , which is an obstructing lesion of the left ventricular outflow tract, remains a surgical challenge. The recurrence rate is high despite sufficient conventional resection. We retrospectively reviewed the results of surgery for @entity6 at our institution from September 1995 through March 2001. Twenty-one @entity0 with this lesion underwent surgical treatment during this period. Excision of the fibromuscular membrane with myectomy was performed in all of the @entity0 . Follow-up in all @entity0 ranged from 7 to 67 months (mean follow-up period, 39.57 +/- 15.46 months). The mean systolic gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta decreased from 59.23 +/- 35.38 mmHg preoperatively to 9.47 +/- 9.91 mmHg postoperatively. There was no instance of @entity3 that required a permanent pacemaker, nor of @entity5 . There was no early or late @entity1 . A 22nd @entity0 , who had 3+ @entity2 , required aortic valve replacement and was excluded from the study. Two of the @entity0 (9.5%) underwent reoperation because of recurrent gradient and residual @entity4 . Our results suggest that fibromuscular membrane excision combined with myectomy in @entity0 with @entity6 produces sufficient relief of obstruction with low morbidity.

title: XXXX : surgical outcomes and follow-up results.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has been used to decrease @entity6 in a number of settings including @entity5 , liver transplantation, intractable @entity6 , and @entity1 . Experience in the @entity3 setting is limited. This study was performed to determine whether rFVIIa would reduce @entity6 after a grade V @entity2 in hypothermic, dilutionally coagulopathic @entity7 when used as an adjunct to abdominal packing and to determine whether increasing the dose of the drug increased its hemostatic efficacy. METHODS: Thirty animals were randomized to receive 180 microg/kg of rFVIIa, 720 microg/kg of rFVIIa, or vehicle buffer control. After laparotomy and splenectomy, animals underwent a 60% blood volume isovolemic exchange transfusion with 5% @entity0 albumin. The animals' temperature was maintained at 33 degrees C and a standardized grade V @entity2 was made with a liver clamp. Thirty seconds after injury, the abdomen was packed with laparotomy sponges, resuscitation was initiated, and blinded therapy was given. Animals were resuscitated to their baseline mean arterial pressure and the study was continued for 2 hours. Serial coagulation parameters were measured at the temperature they were drawn. After the study period, surviving animals were killed, posttreatment @entity4 was measured, and an autopsy was performed. RESULTS: Ten animals were randomized to each group. After administration of study drug, factor VII clotting activity (FVII:C) was higher in the 720 microg/kg group than in the 180 microg/kg group (p < 0.01). FVII:C was higher in both treatment groups than in the control group (p < 0.01). The mean prothrombin time was shorter in the treatment groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Mean arterial pressure was lower in the control group than in the treatment groups throughout the study (p < 0.01). Mean @entity4 was less in the treatment groups than in the control group (p = 0.03). Mortality was not different between groups. There were no differences between the groups that received rFVIIa in any measured parameters except for FVII:C. @entity2 were similar between groups and there was no evidence of microthrombosis on lung histology. CONCLUSION: rFVIIa reduces @entity4 in hypothermic, dilutionally coagulopathic @entity7 with grade V injuries when used as an adjunct to packing. Increasing the dose does not enhance the hemostatic effect.

title: The effect of recombinant factor VIIa on coagulopathic @entity7 with grade V XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has been used to decrease @entity6 in a number of settings including @entity5 , liver transplantation, intractable @entity6 , and @entity1 . Experience in the @entity3 setting is limited. This study was performed to determine whether rFVIIa would reduce @entity6 after a grade V @entity2 in hypothermic, dilutionally coagulopathic @entity7 when used as an adjunct to abdominal packing and to determine whether increasing the dose of the drug increased its hemostatic efficacy. METHODS: Thirty animals were randomized to receive 180 microg/kg of rFVIIa, 720 microg/kg of rFVIIa, or vehicle buffer control. After laparotomy and splenectomy, animals underwent a 60% blood volume isovolemic exchange transfusion with 5% @entity0 albumin. The animals' temperature was maintained at 33 degrees C and a standardized grade V @entity2 was made with a liver clamp. Thirty seconds after injury, the abdomen was packed with laparotomy sponges, resuscitation was initiated, and blinded therapy was given. Animals were resuscitated to their baseline mean arterial pressure and the study was continued for 2 hours. Serial coagulation parameters were measured at the temperature they were drawn. After the study period, surviving animals were killed, posttreatment @entity4 was measured, and an autopsy was performed. RESULTS: Ten animals were randomized to each group. After administration of study drug, factor VII clotting activity (FVII:C) was higher in the 720 microg/kg group than in the 180 microg/kg group (p < 0.01). FVII:C was higher in both treatment groups than in the control group (p < 0.01). The mean prothrombin time was shorter in the treatment groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Mean arterial pressure was lower in the control group than in the treatment groups throughout the study (p < 0.01). Mean @entity4 was less in the treatment groups than in the control group (p = 0.03). Mortality was not different between groups. There were no differences between the groups that received rFVIIa in any measured parameters except for FVII:C. @entity2 were similar between groups and there was no evidence of microthrombosis on lung histology. CONCLUSION: rFVIIa reduces @entity4 in hypothermic, dilutionally coagulopathic @entity7 with grade V injuries when used as an adjunct to packing. Increasing the dose does not enhance the hemostatic effect.

title: The effect of recombinant factor VIIa on coagulopathic XXXX with grade V @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 of the distal radius pose a great challenge in orthopedic surgery. Conventional open reduction and internal fixation generally yields poor functional outcome. The technique of arthroscope-assisted surgery allows more accurate reduction of the articular surface and treatment of soft tissue lesions, both of which are necessary for regaining anatomic structure and satisfactory function. METHODS: Twenty wrists in 18 @entity0 with @entity2 of the distal radius received arthroscopic surgery and percutaneous pinning with or without external skeletal fixation and bone grafting. A new traction method was designed that allows arthroscopic surgery and fluoroscopic monitoring to be performed simultaneously. Postoperative follow-up averaged 24.7 months. RESULTS: All except one of these @entity0 returned to work within 3 to 6 months after surgery. Later collapse with minimal articular step-off was noted on radiographs before osseous union in two @entity0 who did not undergo bone grafting. Decreased radial height because of subsequent displacement at the metaphyseal fracture was noted in one @entity0 who did not receive external skeletal fixation initially. CONCLUSION: The technique of arthroscope-assisted surgery, despite a steep learning curve, is an invaluable method. Results using this technique are promising and few complications are encountered in the treatment of complex radius platform @entity1 . The bone grafting procedure augments osseous union, shortens the duration of external skeletal fixation, and thus lessens joint stiffness.

title: Arthroscopically assisted osteosynthesis of XXXX of the distal radius.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Large @entity3 may occur in @entity0 with @entity4 . Treatment options include dissolution with enzymes, @entity6 , and surgery. We report our experience with nasogastric cola lavage therapy. Over an 8-year period, five consecutive @entity0 were referred to our unit for endoscopic treatment of large @entity3 . They included one @entity0 with lobectomy for @entity1 and four @entity0 with @entity2 . An initial attempt of @entity6 and removal was unsuccessful. @entity0 were treated with 3 l of Coca-Cola nasogastric lavage over 12 h. Nasogastric lavage was very well tolerated by the @entity0 . @entity5 was achieved in one session in all cases. There were no procedure-related complications. The dissolution of large @entity3 with cola nasogastric lavage is a safe, rapid and effective method. @entity0 may be treated in the medical ward, avoiding therapeutic endoscopy or surgery.

title: XXXX may be treated by nasogastric Coca-Cola lavage.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost and utility of healing and maintenance regimens of @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the framework of the Canadian medical system. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors for endoscopically proven @entity1 is a safe and effective treatment option. Of late, the surgical treatment of choice for this disease has become @entity4 . METHODS: The authors' base case was a 45-year-old @entity0 with erosive @entity1 refractory to H2-blockers. A cost-utility analysis was performed comparing the two strategies. A two-stage Markov model (healing and maintenance phases) was used to estimate costs and utilities with a time horizon of 5 years. Discounted direct costs were estimated from the perspective of a provincial health ministry, and discounted quality-of-life estimates were derived from the medical literature. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model to the authors' assumptions and to determine thresholds. A Monte Carlo simulation of 10,000 @entity0 was used to estimate variances and 95% interpercentile ranges. RESULTS: For the 5-year period studied, @entity4 was less expensive than @entity3 (3519.89 dollars vs. 5464.87 dollars per @entity0 ) and became the more cost-effective option at 3.3 years of follow-up. The authors found that 20 mg/day @entity3 would have to cost less than 38.60 dollars per month before medical therapy became cost effective; conversely, the cost of @entity4 would have to be more than 5,273.70 dollars or the length of stay more than 4.2 days for medical therapy to be cost effective. Estimates of quality-adjusted life-years did not differ significantly between the two treatment options, and the incremental cost for medical therapy was 129,665 dollars per quality-adjusted life-years gained. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity0 with severe @entity2 , @entity4 is a cost-effective alternative to long-term maintenance therapy with proton pump inhibitors.

title: Medical or surgical therapy for erosive XXXX : cost-utility analysis using a Markov model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: This study compares the hazard of @entity3 among opiate and @entity5 using clients who accessed drug treatment with individuals who had no specialist treatment contact between 1985 and 1998. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity0 : This was a retrospective cohort study of 4280 drug-using individuals (2887 opiate users, 1393 @entity5 users) admitted to Perth metropolitan hospitals or Perth @entity1 institutions between 1985 and 1998. Of these, 1469 attended Next Step Specialist Drug and @entity2 Services (928 received @entity4 and 541 attended counselling or support groups) and 2811 had no contact with this service. METHODS: Data from two drug treatment programmes were linked with hospital morbidity, @entity1 services and the mortality database using record linkage. FINDINGS: The results show that @entity0 who were currently in drug treatment had a lower hazard of @entity3 compared with non-clients and those who had ceased treatment. Those who had ceased treatment more than 6 months ago had 7.0 times the hazard of all-cause @entity3 and 8.4 times the hazard of drug-cause @entity3 . Opiate users were at 1.4 times the hazard of all-cause @entity3 and 2.4 times the hazard of drug-cause @entity3 compared with @entity5 users. Males were at 1.79 times the hazard of all-cause @entity3 and, unexpectedly, were found to be at 2.69 times the hazard of drug-cause @entity3 compared with females. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment protected clients from premature @entity3 compared with @entity0 who did not receive treatment and also those who ceased treatment. While @entity5 users had a lower risk of mortality compared with opiate users, the full extent of the relationship between @entity5 use and mortality needs to be examined further.

title: Mortality in a cohort of opiate and XXXX users in Perth, Western Australia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: The present study was aimed at assessing associations between psychological symptoms and khat use in the Yemeni population. SETTING: The survey was performed in 2000/2001, in different zones including three urban and three rural areas. @entity0 : The survey was carried out in 800 Yemeni adults (15-76), both male and female, representing mainly urban populations of students, state employees and housewives. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken using face-to-face interviews and no preset selection criteria regarding profession, socio-economic status, age or gender. MEASUREMENT: The Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was used containing 90 items, which cover nine scales of the following domains: somatization, @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity4 , hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, @entity5 and psychoticism. Details of khat use and socio-demographic data were also collected. FINDINGS: At least one life-time episode of khat use was reported in 81.6% of @entity0 and 43.3% of @entity0 . Male users tended to use more frequently. The incidence of @entity2 was not greater in khat users; in fact, there was a negative association between the incidence of phobic symptoms and khat use. CONCLUSIONS: Khat use is very common in the Yemeni population, particularly @entity0 , but it is not associated with @entity2 .

title: Exploration of XXXX in Yemeni khat users by the Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90).

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiographic embolization (AE) is a safe and effective method for controlling @entity3 in both blunt and penetrating @entity1 . Improved survival after @entity1 has been documented using a multimodality approach; however, @entity0 still have significant long-term morbidity. This study examines further the role of AE in both blunt and penetrating @entity1 and the outcomes of its use. METHODS: The medical records of 37 consecutive @entity0 admitted from 1995 to 2002 to a Level I @entity2 center who underwent hepatic angiography with the intent to embolize were reviewed. Demographic and clinical information including Injury Severity Score, length of stay, mortality, intra-abdominal complications, admission physiologic variables, and the number and type of abdominal operations performed were collected. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity0 underwent hepatic angiography and 26 @entity0 had @entity1 performed. Eleven @entity0 underwent early-AE, immediately after computed tomographic scanning, and 15 underwent late-AE, after liver-related operations or later in their hospital course. There was a 27% mortality rate overall. There were 11 liver-related complications in the 26 embolizations. Excluding the early deaths, the associated morbidity was 58%, which included @entity1 , @entity1 , and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: There is increasing adjunctive use of AE in @entity0 managed both operatively and nonoperatively. @entity5 are common in these salvaged @entity0 with severe @entity1 . Those @entity0 that underwent early-AE received significantly fewer blood transfusions and more commonly had sterile hepatic collections. Only 26% of @entity0 required liver-related surgery after AE. Therefore, the integration of AE as an adjunctive modality for @entity0 with high-grade @entity1 is a safe and effective therapeutic option.

title: Angiographic embolization for XXXX : low mortality, high morbidity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The clinical effects of home-therapy with 5% imiquimod cream in the treatment of @entity5 are evaluated. METHODS: From March 2000 to January 2002, 57 @entity0 presenting clinical cutaneous external genital and perianal warts were selected in the base-population observed at our clinical of vulvar pathology and @entity4 , @entity6 Rome. The @entity0 were divided into 2 groups: Group A, with new cutaneous @entity3 and Group B with recurrent @entity5 pre-treated with @entity2 -laser therapy. A total of 36% (20) of all @entity0 presented @entity1 of cervix and/or vaginal wall. The follow-up was carried out at 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months, evaluating the safety, clinical efficacy and tolerance of @entity0 . The Pearson chi2 test was used to evaluate trends significance. All lesions were photo-documented. RESULTS: Sixty-four per cent (64%) of the @entity0 had complete clearance of @entity5 within 16 weeks, for 3 times per week self-application of imiquimod, with clinical remission at short term (6/8 weeks) (chi2=1.42; p<0.05); 12% had partial clearance (<50%) and 20% had a clearance of about 75%. The coexistent lesions of cervix and/or vaginal walls had a high remission (>50%) and required surgical additional therapy with @entity2 -laser; 28% of @entity0 (16/57) experienced mild to moderate drug-related side effects. There was a significant increase in the severity of local skin reactions due to the increased time and number of applications. CONCLUSION: These data confirm that imiquimod cream at the dose regimen of 3 times per week, is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of cutaneous external warts and is associated to a reduction of coexistent mucous @entity3 due to enhancement of local immune response.

title: [Topical imiquimod cream in the treatment of external XXXX : personal experience].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine whether early anatomical injury patterns on magnetic resonance imaging-correlate with the development of @entity3 in @entity0 treated with selective head cooling for @entity7 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed @entity0 >= 35  weeks' gestation born between 2008 and 2013 and followed for at least one year at Northwestern University. All had brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at days 4-5 and electroencephalographs during rewarming and at 3 to 6  months of age. RESULTS: Outcome was favorable for our cohort of 73 individuals with a mean follow-up of 41 (  7) months. The majority (66%) survived with no @entity4 recurrence, whereas 13 (18%) developed @entity3 , including eight who had @entity5 . Twelve @entity0 (16%) died. The most common magnetic resonance imaging pattern was @entity6 involving both cortical and subcortical gray matter (26/73, 35%), followed by @entity1 (18/73, 25%) and normal magnetic resonance imaging (16/73, 22%). In 13 @entity0 (18%), the brainstem was involved in addition to cortical and subcortical gray matter; nine died and all four surviving @entity0 developed @entity5 . All 18 @entity0 with @entity1 survived and none developed @entity3 . The risk of @entity3 was associated with @entity2 (basal ganglia, thalamus      brainstem) (12/39 versus 1/34, P  <  0.003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was highly predictive of @entity5 , whereas @entity2 alone predicted low risk for short-term @entity3 . Location of anatomical injury on magnetic resonance imaging can be an early predictive factor for development of @entity5 and inform prognostic decisions in newborns treated with selective head cooling for @entity7 .

title: Early Anatomical XXXX in Head Cooled Neonates With @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine whether early anatomical injury patterns on magnetic resonance imaging-correlate with the development of @entity3 in @entity0 treated with selective head cooling for @entity7 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed @entity0 >= 35  weeks' gestation born between 2008 and 2013 and followed for at least one year at Northwestern University. All had brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at days 4-5 and electroencephalographs during rewarming and at 3 to 6  months of age. RESULTS: Outcome was favorable for our cohort of 73 individuals with a mean follow-up of 41 (  7) months. The majority (66%) survived with no @entity4 recurrence, whereas 13 (18%) developed @entity3 , including eight who had @entity5 . Twelve @entity0 (16%) died. The most common magnetic resonance imaging pattern was @entity6 involving both cortical and subcortical gray matter (26/73, 35%), followed by @entity1 (18/73, 25%) and normal magnetic resonance imaging (16/73, 22%). In 13 @entity0 (18%), the brainstem was involved in addition to cortical and subcortical gray matter; nine died and all four surviving @entity0 developed @entity5 . All 18 @entity0 with @entity1 survived and none developed @entity3 . The risk of @entity3 was associated with @entity2 (basal ganglia, thalamus      brainstem) (12/39 versus 1/34, P  <  0.003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was highly predictive of @entity5 , whereas @entity2 alone predicted low risk for short-term @entity3 . Location of anatomical injury on magnetic resonance imaging can be an early predictive factor for development of @entity5 and inform prognostic decisions in newborns treated with selective head cooling for @entity7 .

title: Early Anatomical @entity3 in Head Cooled Neonates With XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ap endo) is a key DNA repair activity that confers resistance to ionizing radiation and alkylating agents in @entity0 cell lines. The major Ap endo in @entity0 cells is @entity4 , an abundant multi-functional protein also known as @entity4 , @entity5 , and Apex. In this work, we assayed Ap endo activity in @entity0 @entity2 to establish correlates with @entity1 characteristics, and in histologically normal brain adjacent to @entity1 to characterize changes in activity accompanying neurocarcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first available analysis of Ap endo activity in @entity0 @entity3 . Mean activity in 84 @entity2 of different diagnostic types and grades was 0.072 +/- 0.095 fmol abasic sites incised/cell/min, ranging approximately 550-fold from 0.00077 to 0.42. The mean for high-grade @entity2 was 3.5-fold greater than for low-grade @entity1 (P < or = 4.0 x 10(-5)), a difference observed within all diagnostic types. Activity was correlated with the fraction of S-phase cells in @entity2 (P < or = 0.02), suggesting that proliferation could be a determinant of activity in these @entity1 . Activity was also correlated with S-phase fraction in the majority of @entity2 (P < or = 0.03). Moreover, within the @entity1 , there was a significant relationship between activity and the fraction of aneuploid cells (P < or = 4.0 x 10(-4)). In the 58 cases analyzed, mean activity was 7.3-fold higher in @entity2 than in adjacent histologically normal brain (0.070 +/- 0.10 versus 0.0096 +/- 0.012 fmol/cell/min; P < or = 3.0 x 10(-5)). Increased @entity1 activity was observed in 93% of @entity1 /normal pairs, indicating that elevation of Ap endo activity is characteristic of @entity0 gliomagenesis. The elevation was large within most pairs, being 13-fold on average and > or = 10-fold in 43% of cases. A concomitant increase in @entity4 protein was observed by Western blotting in the subset of @entity1 /normal pairs examined. A clinically important consequence of the increase in Ap endo activity that accompanies neurocarcinogenesis may be enhanced resistance to the radiotherapy and alkylating agent-based chemotherapy that are mainstays of adjuvant therapy for @entity2 .

title: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activity is elevated in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ap endo) is a key DNA repair activity that confers resistance to ionizing radiation and alkylating agents in @entity0 cell lines. The major Ap endo in @entity0 cells is @entity4 , an abundant multi-functional protein also known as @entity4 , @entity5 , and Apex. In this work, we assayed Ap endo activity in @entity0 @entity2 to establish correlates with @entity1 characteristics, and in histologically normal brain adjacent to @entity1 to characterize changes in activity accompanying neurocarcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first available analysis of Ap endo activity in @entity0 @entity3 . Mean activity in 84 @entity2 of different diagnostic types and grades was 0.072 +/- 0.095 fmol abasic sites incised/cell/min, ranging approximately 550-fold from 0.00077 to 0.42. The mean for high-grade @entity2 was 3.5-fold greater than for low-grade @entity1 (P < or = 4.0 x 10(-5)), a difference observed within all diagnostic types. Activity was correlated with the fraction of S-phase cells in @entity2 (P < or = 0.02), suggesting that proliferation could be a determinant of activity in these @entity1 . Activity was also correlated with S-phase fraction in the majority of @entity2 (P < or = 0.03). Moreover, within the @entity1 , there was a significant relationship between activity and the fraction of aneuploid cells (P < or = 4.0 x 10(-4)). In the 58 cases analyzed, mean activity was 7.3-fold higher in @entity2 than in adjacent histologically normal brain (0.070 +/- 0.10 versus 0.0096 +/- 0.012 fmol/cell/min; P < or = 3.0 x 10(-5)). Increased @entity1 activity was observed in 93% of @entity1 /normal pairs, indicating that elevation of Ap endo activity is characteristic of @entity0 gliomagenesis. The elevation was large within most pairs, being 13-fold on average and > or = 10-fold in 43% of cases. A concomitant increase in @entity4 protein was observed by Western blotting in the subset of @entity1 /normal pairs examined. A clinically important consequence of the increase in Ap endo activity that accompanies neurocarcinogenesis may be enhanced resistance to the radiotherapy and alkylating agent-based chemotherapy that are mainstays of adjuvant therapy for @entity2 .

title: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activity is elevated in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine prognostic factors of disability in early @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to investigate the radiological and functional course of the disease. METHODS: A total of 191 @entity0 with early @entity1 (diagnosed for less than one year) according to American College of Rheumatology criteria were followed prospectively for 5 years. At baseline and at endpoint, Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores and radiological scores (Sharp's score modified by van der Heijde) were performed. Correlations between numerous baseline data and HAQ score at endpoint were analyzed, using nonparametric tests. A multilinear regression model was performed to select independent prognostic factors of @entity2 . RESULTS: During the 5-year followup, mean HAQ decreased from 1.3 (+/- 0.7) to 0.6 (+/- 0.6). There were 98 (65.3%) @entity0 with a score > 1 point at baseline, but only 46 (27.4%) after 3 years and 34 (21.8%) after 5 years. Moreover, 90% of the @entity0 had an improvement of the disability score. @entity2 was associated with baseline values of HAQ score, Pain, Ritchie index, tender joint count, Disease Activity Score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity4 . Multivariate analysis selected baseline HAQ score, Ritchie index, ESR, @entity3 , and presence of @entity4 as independent prognostic factors of @entity2 . The probability cutoff in the logistic model was selected to minimize the sum of false positive and false negative values: negative predictive value = 92.71%, positive predictive value = 46.15%, p = 0.408. Sex, age, IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors, other tested autoantibodies, and HLA class II genes did not contribute significantly to prediction of the disability after 5 years. At baseline, mean scores were 3.6 units (+/- 7.7) for total radiological score, 1.7 (+/- 4.5) for @entity4 score, and 1.9 (+/- 3.7) for joint space narrowing score. After 5 years, they were 17.9 +/- 22.3, 6.9 +/- 9.5, and 11.0 +/- 15.4, respectively. No @entity4 was present at the start in 58.0% of @entity0 , compared to 24.2% and 22.4% at 3 and 5 years. Global radiographic progression concerned 87 @entity0 (55.8%) during the 5 years. CONCLUSION: During the first 5 years of @entity1 , radiological damage increased progressively in half of the @entity0 , whereas @entity2 improved in most of them during the same period of time and could be predicted by baseline values of HAQ score, Ritchie index, ESR, @entity3 , and presence (or absence) of @entity4 .

title: Predictive factors of 5-year health assessment questionnaire disability in early XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Freezing of Gait ( @entity4 ) is a frequent and disabling feature of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Gait rehabilitation assisted by electromechanical devices, such as training on treadmill associated with sensory cues or assisted by gait orthosis have been shown to improve @entity4 . Overground robot assisted gait training (RGT) has been recently tested in @entity0 with @entity1 with improvement of several gait parameters. We here evaluated the effectiveness of RGT on @entity4 severity and @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 . Eighteen @entity0 with @entity4 resistant to dopaminergic medications were treated with 15 sessions of RGT and underwent an extensive clinical evaluation before and after treatment. The main outcome measures were @entity4 questionnaire (FOGQ) global score and specific tasks for gait assessment, namely 10meter walking test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 360   narrow turns (360 NT). Balance was also evaluated through Fear of Falling Efficacy Scale (FFES), assessing self perceived stability and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), for objective examination. After treatment, FOGQ score was significantly reduced (P=0.023). We also found a significant reduction of time needed to complete TUG, 10MWT, and 360 NT (P=0.009, 0.004 and 0.04, respectively). By contrast the number of steps and the number of freezing episodes recorded at each gait task did not change. FFES and @entity3 scores also improved, with positive repercussions on performance on daily activity and quality of life. Our results indicate that RGT is a useful strategy for the treatment of drug refractory @entity4 .

title: Overground robot assisted gait trainer for the treatment of drug-resistant freezing of gait in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine volumetric changes in limbic structures in @entity0 with probable @entity2 using planimetric measures on MRI. METHOD: Limbic structures (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamus, hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, basal forebrain, septal area, fornix, and cingulate, orbitofrontal, and parahippocampal cortices) were traced on 3D T1-weighted MR images of 40 @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity2 and 40 age-, sex-, and education-matched normal control subjects. Limbic volumes were compared between groups and the predictive ability was assessed. RESULTS: Overall, limbic structures showed significant @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 compared with normal control subjects. Differences (p < 0.05) were found in all limbic regions except the anterior cingulate cortex. The greatest percentage volumetric losses occurred in the septal area (34%), hippocampus (28%), amygdala (21%), parahippocampal cortex (21%), and posterior cingulate cortex (20%). Combining volumetric measures of amygdala and septal area distinguished @entity0 with @entity2 from normal control subjects with 93% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: These results verify that system-wide limbic degeneration occurs in @entity0 with @entity2 . In addition, @entity1 in selected limbic structures was used to distinguish @entity0 with @entity2 from normal elderly individuals with over 90% accuracy in this select clinical sample. The measures require further exploration in samples more representative of those seen by primary care physicians before their utility can be accurately assessed.

title: Beyond the hippocampus: MRI volumetry confirms widespread limbic XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine volumetric changes in limbic structures in @entity0 with probable @entity2 using planimetric measures on MRI. METHOD: Limbic structures (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamus, hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, basal forebrain, septal area, fornix, and cingulate, orbitofrontal, and parahippocampal cortices) were traced on 3D T1-weighted MR images of 40 @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity2 and 40 age-, sex-, and education-matched normal control subjects. Limbic volumes were compared between groups and the predictive ability was assessed. RESULTS: Overall, limbic structures showed significant @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 compared with normal control subjects. Differences (p < 0.05) were found in all limbic regions except the anterior cingulate cortex. The greatest percentage volumetric losses occurred in the septal area (34%), hippocampus (28%), amygdala (21%), parahippocampal cortex (21%), and posterior cingulate cortex (20%). Combining volumetric measures of amygdala and septal area distinguished @entity0 with @entity2 from normal control subjects with 93% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: These results verify that system-wide limbic degeneration occurs in @entity0 with @entity2 . In addition, @entity1 in selected limbic structures was used to distinguish @entity0 with @entity2 from normal elderly individuals with over 90% accuracy in this select clinical sample. The measures require further exploration in samples more representative of those seen by primary care physicians before their utility can be accurately assessed.

title: Beyond the hippocampus: MRI volumetry confirms widespread limbic @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The reorganization of the cellulose-xyloglucan matrix is proposed to serve as an important mechanism in the control of strength and extensibility of the plant primary cell wall. One of the key enzymes associated with xyloglucan metabolism is @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which catalyzes the endocleavage and religation of xyloglucan molecules. As with other plant species, XETs are encoded by a gene family in @entity0 ( @entity0 cv T5). In a previous study, we demonstrated that the @entity0 @entity3 gene LeEXT was abundantly expressed in the rapidly expanding region of the etiolated hypocotyl and was induced to higher levels by auxin. Here, we report the identification of a new @entity0 @entity3 gene, @entity4 , that shows a different spatial expression and diametrically opposite pattern of auxin regulation from LeEXT. @entity4 was expressed more abundantly in the mature nonelongating regions of the hypocotyl, and its mRNA abundance decreased dramatically following auxin treatment of etiolated hypocotyl segments. Analysis of the effect of several plant hormones on @entity4 expression revealed that the inhibition of @entity4 mRNA accumulation also occurred with cytokinin treatment. @entity4 mRNA levels increased significantly in hypocotyl segments treated with @entity2 , but this increase could be prevented by adding auxin or cytokinin to the incubation media. Recombinant @entity4 protein obtained by heterologous expression in @entity1 exhibited greater @entity3 activity against xyloglucan from @entity0 than that from three other species. The opposite patterns of expression and differential auxin regulation of @entity4 and LeEXT suggest that they encode XETs with distinct roles during plant growth and development.

title: Characterization of a @entity0 XXXX gene that is down-regulated by auxin in etiolated hypocotyls.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The reorganization of the cellulose-xyloglucan matrix is proposed to serve as an important mechanism in the control of strength and extensibility of the plant primary cell wall. One of the key enzymes associated with xyloglucan metabolism is @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which catalyzes the endocleavage and religation of xyloglucan molecules. As with other plant species, XETs are encoded by a gene family in @entity0 ( @entity0 cv T5). In a previous study, we demonstrated that the @entity0 @entity3 gene LeEXT was abundantly expressed in the rapidly expanding region of the etiolated hypocotyl and was induced to higher levels by auxin. Here, we report the identification of a new @entity0 @entity3 gene, @entity4 , that shows a different spatial expression and diametrically opposite pattern of auxin regulation from LeEXT. @entity4 was expressed more abundantly in the mature nonelongating regions of the hypocotyl, and its mRNA abundance decreased dramatically following auxin treatment of etiolated hypocotyl segments. Analysis of the effect of several plant hormones on @entity4 expression revealed that the inhibition of @entity4 mRNA accumulation also occurred with cytokinin treatment. @entity4 mRNA levels increased significantly in hypocotyl segments treated with @entity2 , but this increase could be prevented by adding auxin or cytokinin to the incubation media. Recombinant @entity4 protein obtained by heterologous expression in @entity1 exhibited greater @entity3 activity against xyloglucan from @entity0 than that from three other species. The opposite patterns of expression and differential auxin regulation of @entity4 and LeEXT suggest that they encode XETs with distinct roles during plant growth and development.

title: Characterization of a XXXX @entity3 gene that is down-regulated by auxin in etiolated hypocotyls.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 , a member of the high-molecular weight (M(r)) dynamin family found in @entity1 , has been shown to be targeted to the plastid. In the chloroplast, most of the @entity6 was present in the fraction containing the envelope membranes when analyzed by suborganellar fractionation. Sucrose gradient and gel filtration experiments showed that when associated with membranes, @entity6 existed as a high-M(r) complex, whereas the soluble form existed as a monomer. The recombinant @entity6 expressed in @entity0 was present as a high-M(r) form and showed higher GTPase activity at a low @entity3 concentration, whereas @entity6 existed as a low-M(r) form with a low level of GTPase activity at a high @entity3 concentration. Electron microscopy studies revealed that the purified recombinant @entity6 formed spiral-coiled structures or rings. In the presence of @entity4 , these structures were transformed into a long rod structure. In contrast, in the presence of @entity5 , these structures disassembled into oligomers that were shown to be tetramer with 4-fold symmetry. Finally, a lipid-binding assay revealed that recombinant @entity6 purified from @entity0 bound specifically to @entity2 . Together, these results demonstrated that the biochemical properties of @entity6 were very similar to those of dynamin and other related proteins. Based on this similarity, we propose that @entity6 may be involved in vesicle formation at the chloroplast envelope membrane.

title: @entity1 dynamin-like 2 that binds specifically to XXXX assembles into a high-molecular weight complex in vivo and in vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 , a member of the high-molecular weight (M(r)) dynamin family found in @entity1 , has been shown to be targeted to the plastid. In the chloroplast, most of the @entity6 was present in the fraction containing the envelope membranes when analyzed by suborganellar fractionation. Sucrose gradient and gel filtration experiments showed that when associated with membranes, @entity6 existed as a high-M(r) complex, whereas the soluble form existed as a monomer. The recombinant @entity6 expressed in @entity0 was present as a high-M(r) form and showed higher GTPase activity at a low @entity3 concentration, whereas @entity6 existed as a low-M(r) form with a low level of GTPase activity at a high @entity3 concentration. Electron microscopy studies revealed that the purified recombinant @entity6 formed spiral-coiled structures or rings. In the presence of @entity4 , these structures were transformed into a long rod structure. In contrast, in the presence of @entity5 , these structures disassembled into oligomers that were shown to be tetramer with 4-fold symmetry. Finally, a lipid-binding assay revealed that recombinant @entity6 purified from @entity0 bound specifically to @entity2 . Together, these results demonstrated that the biochemical properties of @entity6 were very similar to those of dynamin and other related proteins. Based on this similarity, we propose that @entity6 may be involved in vesicle formation at the chloroplast envelope membrane.

title: XXXX dynamin-like 2 that binds specifically to @entity2 assembles into a high-molecular weight complex in vivo and in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 diagnosed with a @entity3 ( @entity3 , i.e. Oppositional Defiant @entity1 ), especially those with @entity4 traits, are at risk of developing persistent and severe @entity2 . Reduced fear conditioning has been proposed to underlie persistent antisocial development. However, we have recently shown that both @entity3 persisters and desisters are characterized by increased fear conditioning compared with healthy controls (HCs). In this study, we investigated whether brain function during fear extinction is associated with @entity3 subgroup-membership and @entity4 traits. Adolescents from a childhood arrestee cohort (mean age 17.6 years, s.d. 1.4) who met criteria for a @entity3 diagnosis during previous assessments were re-assessed and categorized as persistent @entity3 (n   =   25) or desistent @entity3 (n   =   25). Functional MRI during the extinction phase of a classical fear-conditioning task was used to compare regional brain function between these subgroups and 25 matched controls. Both @entity3 persisters and desisters showed hyperreactivity during fear extinction, when compared with HCs. Impulsive-irresponsible @entity4 traits were positively associated with responses in the fear neurocircuitry and mediated the association between neural activation and group membership. These results suggest that fear acquisition and fear extinction deficits may provide an endophenotype for an emotionally hyperreactive subtype of antisocial development.

title: Fear extinction, persistent disruptive behavior and XXXX traits: fMRI in late adolescence.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (OF/MOF) was found to be the major complication after blunt @entity5 during the last 25 years and was correlated with a high mortality rate. Recently, several publications reported a decreased ARDS-related mortality, but there is little information about mortality rates from posttraumatic MOF. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of MOF-related @entity2 after blunt @entity5 during the last 25 years. METHODS: Blunt @entity5 @entity0 with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 points were included in this evaluation. According to the year of @entity1 , the population was divided into five groups: years 1975-1980 (n = 317), years 1981-1985 (n = 308), years 1986-1990 (n = 246), years 1991-1997 (n = 368), and years 1998-1999 (n = 122). Main outcome measurements were @entity2 , cause of @entity2 , and length of ICU stay. @entity0 dying within the first 24 hours after @entity1 were excluded. All data indicated in the Results section are presented as mean +/- SEM. Continuous variables were compared by ANOVA. Ordinal variables were analyzed by chi2 contingency table analysis and, if significant, subsequently by Fisher's exact test (two-tailed test, p < 0.05). RESULTS: Mean ISS remained unchanged between 1975-1980 (ISS 29 +/- 1) and 1998-1999 (ISS 31 +/- 1) (p = 0.56). During the observation period, the mean age increased from 33 +/- 1 years (1975-1980) to 40 +/- 2 years (1998-1999) (p = 0.03). The overall incidence of OF/MOF slightly increased from 25.6% (1975-1980) to 33.6% (1998-1999) (p = 0.1). Length of ICU stay was not different between 1975-1980 (LOS: 14 +/- 1 d) and 1998-1999 (LOS: 19 +/- 2 d) (p = 1.0). The overall mortality decreased significantly, from 28.7% (1975-1980) to 13.9% (1998-1999) (p < 0.001). While the mortality due to severe @entity3 remained unchanged (1975-1980, 8.2%; 1998-1999, 9.0%) (p = 0.85), mortality due to OF/MOF decreased significantly (p < 0.001), from 18.0% (1975-1980) to 4.1% (1998-1999). The age of @entity0 dying from OF/MOF increased significantly (p = 0.04) during the observation period, from 44 +/- 3 years (1975-1980) to 63 +/- 6 years (1998-1999). CONCLUSION: Although MOF incidence remains unchanged, there is a significant fall in MOF-related mortality in @entity0 with severe @entity1 , and @entity2 from single organ failure is virtually absent. Severe @entity6 is now the leading cause of @entity2 in @entity0 with severe @entity5 admitted to the ICU.

title: @entity4 still a major cause of morbidity but not mortality in blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (OF/MOF) was found to be the major complication after blunt @entity5 during the last 25 years and was correlated with a high mortality rate. Recently, several publications reported a decreased ARDS-related mortality, but there is little information about mortality rates from posttraumatic MOF. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of MOF-related @entity2 after blunt @entity5 during the last 25 years. METHODS: Blunt @entity5 @entity0 with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 points were included in this evaluation. According to the year of @entity1 , the population was divided into five groups: years 1975-1980 (n = 317), years 1981-1985 (n = 308), years 1986-1990 (n = 246), years 1991-1997 (n = 368), and years 1998-1999 (n = 122). Main outcome measurements were @entity2 , cause of @entity2 , and length of ICU stay. @entity0 dying within the first 24 hours after @entity1 were excluded. All data indicated in the Results section are presented as mean +/- SEM. Continuous variables were compared by ANOVA. Ordinal variables were analyzed by chi2 contingency table analysis and, if significant, subsequently by Fisher's exact test (two-tailed test, p < 0.05). RESULTS: Mean ISS remained unchanged between 1975-1980 (ISS 29 +/- 1) and 1998-1999 (ISS 31 +/- 1) (p = 0.56). During the observation period, the mean age increased from 33 +/- 1 years (1975-1980) to 40 +/- 2 years (1998-1999) (p = 0.03). The overall incidence of OF/MOF slightly increased from 25.6% (1975-1980) to 33.6% (1998-1999) (p = 0.1). Length of ICU stay was not different between 1975-1980 (LOS: 14 +/- 1 d) and 1998-1999 (LOS: 19 +/- 2 d) (p = 1.0). The overall mortality decreased significantly, from 28.7% (1975-1980) to 13.9% (1998-1999) (p < 0.001). While the mortality due to severe @entity3 remained unchanged (1975-1980, 8.2%; 1998-1999, 9.0%) (p = 0.85), mortality due to OF/MOF decreased significantly (p < 0.001), from 18.0% (1975-1980) to 4.1% (1998-1999). The age of @entity0 dying from OF/MOF increased significantly (p = 0.04) during the observation period, from 44 +/- 3 years (1975-1980) to 63 +/- 6 years (1998-1999). CONCLUSION: Although MOF incidence remains unchanged, there is a significant fall in MOF-related mortality in @entity0 with severe @entity1 , and @entity2 from single organ failure is virtually absent. Severe @entity6 is now the leading cause of @entity2 in @entity0 with severe @entity5 admitted to the ICU.

title: XXXX still a major cause of morbidity but not mortality in blunt @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We tested experimentally whether @entity2 feathers can be used as a biomonitor for lead pollution, and we examined whether lead exposure influences the accumulation of @entity0 into feathers. Two groups of eight adult male zebra finches were dosed with, respectively, 0 and 25 ppm lead as @entity1 in their drinking water. After 30 days, lead-treated zebra finches accumulated significantly higher lead concentrations in brain, fat, kidney, liver, muscle, testes, and regrown outer tail feathers than control individuals. Lead levels in regrown outer tail feathers were significantly higher than in original outer tail feathers in the exposed group. The concentration of lead in original (not regrown) fifth tail feathers at the end of the experiment was significantly higher than lead levels in the original outer tail feathers. Our results indicate that lead in regrown feathers originates both from internal deposition and external contamination through the excretion of the uropygial gland during preening. Lead levels in regrown feathers were significantly correlated with levels in liver, kidney, and muscle, suggesting that feathers can be used as a biomonitor for lead. We found that lead had an influence on the metabolism of @entity0 . @entity0 concentrations in the regrown feathers were significantly lower in the lead-treated group although @entity0 levels in the liver did not differ significantly. Moreover, lead and @entity0 concentrations in the feathers were significantly negatively correlated.

title: Tissue levels of lead in experimentally exposed zebra finches ( XXXX ) with particular attention on the use of feathers as biomonitors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and concentric remodeling are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We hypothesized that measures of arterial load are associated with @entity4 and concentric remodeling, and that associations differ by sex. METHODS: We studied 600 non-Hispanic whites (59% @entity0 ) belonging to @entity1 sibships. By integrating arterial tonometry with echocardiography, we obtained the following hemodynamic measures: aortic characteristic impedance (Z c), proximal aortic compliance (PAC), systemic vascular resistance, augmentation index, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). @entity4 and concentric remodeling were assessed by left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMI) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), respectively. LVMI was log-transformed to reduce skewness. Hemodynamic measures were indexed to body size. Sex-specific multivariable linear regression analyses adjusting for confounders were performed to assess the associations of measures of arterial load with log LVMI and @entity2 . RESULTS: None of the hemodynamic measures were associated with LVMI in either sex, or with @entity2 in @entity0 . However, in @entity0 , measures of @entity3 and early, pulsatile hemodynamic load were independently associated with increased @entity2 : b    SE = 0.008  0.004 for Z c; 0.003  0.001 for cfPWV, and -0.009  0.003 for PAC (P  <= 0.05 for each). Female sex was a significant effect modifier of the associations of Z c, cfPWV, and PAC with @entity2 (P  <= 0.03 for each of the interaction terms). CONCLUSIONS: Greater Z c and cfPWV and lower PAC are independently associated with increased @entity2 in @entity0 but not in @entity0 . Our findings suggest that @entity3 and greater early, pulsatile hemodynamic load affect left ventricular concentric remodeling in a sex-specific manner.

title: Sex Differences in the Associations of Hemodynamic Load With XXXX and Concentric Remodeling.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Since 1932 when @entity3 has been described, several important advances have been made in diagnosis and management. However several points remain obscure and there is no general agreement among authors. An accurate biological diagnosis is one of the difficulties found when we face a @entity0 with @entity3 . In addition, corticotropin dependent syndrome should be distinguished from the independent one, as well as identifying the source of @entity4 hypersecretion. The main problem in @entity3 is to localise the secreting @entity2 and at the moment there is not any diagnostic method with absolute sensibility and specificity. Magnetic Resonance Imaging shows a sensibility of 77% and 87% especificity; inferior petrosal sinus sampling may help in localising the side, where the @entity2 lies, although an appropriate technique is mandatory. New developing techniques, such as intraoperative doppler and assessment of @entity4 levels in the peripituitary veins may help us in localising the source of @entity4 hypersecretion. Sometimes the @entity2 cannot be identified and a surgical exploration of the pituitary is required. If an @entity2 is found, a 89% probility of curation has been reported; on the contrary, incomplete @entity1 removal, no @entity1 found at surgery, or the presence of the so-called corticotrop hyperplasia where followed of bad results and may explain the failed surgery. Then, hypofisectomy, hemi-hypofisectomy, radiotherapy, photon knife or gamma knife, may be of help in the control of this condition. We reviewed the recent literature and analysed the diagnostic strategies and teatments currently available for this illness. In addition we propose an algohritm for diagnosis and treatment and analyze our results in a consecutive series of 38 @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX in the 90's: a review].

answer: @entity3


abstract: DNA polymerase k (Pol k) is a specialized DNA polymerase involved in translesion DNA synthesis. Although its bypass activities across lesions are well characterized in biochemistry, its cellular protective roles against genotoxic insults are still elusive. To better understand the in vivo protective roles, we have established a @entity0 cell line deficient in the expression of Pol k (KO) and another expressing catalytically dead Pol k ( @entity6 ), to examine the cytotoxic sensitivity to 11 genotoxins including ultraviolet C light (UV). These cell lines were established in a genetic background of @entity0 -MSH+, a @entity0 lymphoblastic cell line that has high efficiency for gene targeting, and functional @entity5 and mismatch repair activities. We classified the genotoxins into four groups. Group 1 includes @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity8 , where the sensitivity was equally higher in KO and @entity6 than in the cell line expressing @entity3 ( @entity11 ). Group 2 includes @entity4 and @entity12 , where @entity1 was observed only in KO. Group 3 includes @entity13 and @entity10 , where @entity1 was observed only in @entity6 . Group 4 includes UV and three chemicals, where the chemicals exhibited similar @entity2 to all three cell lines. The results suggest that Pol k not only protects cells from genotoxic DNA lesions via DNA polymerase activities, but also contributes to genome integrity by acting as a non-catalytic protein against oxidative damage caused by @entity4 and @entity12 . The non-catalytic roles of Pol k in protection against oxidative damage by @entity4 are discussed.

title: Catalytic and non-catalytic roles of DNA polymerase k in the protection of XXXX cells against genotoxic stresses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hyperproinsulinaemia and hyperleptinaemia are interrelated features of the @entity6 that are linked to the prospective risk of @entity2 . Whether the association between leptin and @entity8 is different between groups displaying different degrees of risk for @entity2 is not known. We therefore examined this association in @entity0 versus @entity0 and in pre- versus postmenopausal @entity0 from a population-based sample. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Healthy subjects (n = 158; 85 @entity0 and 73 pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 ) from the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in @entity2 population were studied with a cross-sectional design. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements (body mass index and waist circumference) and oral @entity3 tolerance tests were performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the analyses of specific insulin and @entity8 , and radioimmunoassay for leptin. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were calculated according to the homeostasis assessment model. Partial correlation coefficients adjusted for age and measures of @entity5 were calculated and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with leptin as dependent variable. RESULTS: In nonobese @entity0 and premenopausal @entity0 and in @entity1 postmenopausal @entity0 , leptin was significantly associated with @entity8 after stratification for waist circumference. Furthermore, a multivariate analyses taking age and measures of @entity5 into account, showed that high fasting @entity8 was a significant predictor of high leptin in these groups. In contrast, this association was lost with @entity4 in @entity0 and premenopausal @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that both the degree of @entity5 and the hormonal milieu influence the association between circulating leptin and @entity8 in a normal population. Therefore, the @entity6 seems to be characterized by lost association between leptin and @entity8 , which may be explained by dysfunction in the @entity7 .

title: The association between leptin and XXXX is lost with @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hyperproinsulinaemia and hyperleptinaemia are interrelated features of the @entity6 that are linked to the prospective risk of @entity2 . Whether the association between leptin and @entity8 is different between groups displaying different degrees of risk for @entity2 is not known. We therefore examined this association in @entity0 versus @entity0 and in pre- versus postmenopausal @entity0 from a population-based sample. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Healthy subjects (n = 158; 85 @entity0 and 73 pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 ) from the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in @entity2 population were studied with a cross-sectional design. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements (body mass index and waist circumference) and oral @entity3 tolerance tests were performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the analyses of specific insulin and @entity8 , and radioimmunoassay for leptin. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were calculated according to the homeostasis assessment model. Partial correlation coefficients adjusted for age and measures of @entity5 were calculated and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with leptin as dependent variable. RESULTS: In nonobese @entity0 and premenopausal @entity0 and in @entity1 postmenopausal @entity0 , leptin was significantly associated with @entity8 after stratification for waist circumference. Furthermore, a multivariate analyses taking age and measures of @entity5 into account, showed that high fasting @entity8 was a significant predictor of high leptin in these groups. In contrast, this association was lost with @entity4 in @entity0 and premenopausal @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that both the degree of @entity5 and the hormonal milieu influence the association between circulating leptin and @entity8 in a normal population. Therefore, the @entity6 seems to be characterized by lost association between leptin and @entity8 , which may be explained by dysfunction in the @entity7 .

title: The association between leptin and @entity8 is lost with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: TNM stage remains the key determinant of @entity0 prognosis after surgical resection of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and informs treatment decisions. However, there is considerable stage-independent variability in clinical outcome that is likely due to molecular heterogeneity. This variability underscores the need for robust prognostic and predictive biomarkers to guide therapeutic decision-making including the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Although the majority of CRCs develop via a chromosomal instability pathway, approximately 12-15  % have deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) which is characterized in the @entity1 by @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Tumors with the dMMR/ @entity3 develop from a germline mutation in an MMR gene ( @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity9 ), i.e., @entity5 , or more commonly from epigenetic inactivation of @entity8 MMR gene. CRCs with dMMR/ @entity3 status have a distinct phenotype that includes predilection for the proximal colon, poor differentiation, and abundant @entity1 -infiltrating lymphocytes. Consistent data indicate that these @entity1 have a better stage-adjusted survival compared to proficient MMR or microsatellite stable (MSS) @entity1 and may respond differently to @entity4 -based adjuvant chemotherapy. To increase the identification of dMMR/ @entity3 @entity0 in clinical practice that includes those with @entity5 , it is recommended that all resected CRCs to be analyzed for MMR status. Available data indicate that @entity0 with stage II dMMR CRCs have an excellent prognosis and do not benefit from @entity4 (FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy which supports their recommended management by surgery alone. In contrast, the benefit of standard adjuvant chemotherapy with the FOLFOX regiment in stage III dMMR @entity2 @entity0 awaits further study and therefore, all @entity0 should be treated with standard adjuvant FOLFOX.

title: Microsatellite instability testing and its role in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score (OS- @entity5 ) was developed to ascertain preoperative mortality risk of @entity0 having bariatric surgery. To date there has not been a comparison between open and laparoscopic operations using the OS- @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are differences in mortality risk between open and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) using the OS- @entity5 . SETTING: Three university-affiliated hospitals. METHODS: The 90-day mortality of 2467 consecutive @entity0 who had primary open (1574) or laparoscopic (893) RYGB performed by one surgeon was determined. Univariate and multivariate analysis using 5 OS- @entity5 risk factors including body mass index (BMI) gender, age>45, presence of @entity1 and preoperative @entity3 ( @entity3 ) risk was performed in each group. Each @entity0 was placed in 1 of 3 OS- @entity5 risk classes based on the number of risks: A (0-1), B (2-3), and C (4-5). RESULTS: Preoperative BMI and @entity3 risk factors were significantly greater in the open group (OG). Preoperative age was significantly greater in the laparoscopic group (LG). There were significantly more class B and C @entity0 in LG. Ninety-day mortality rates for OG and LG @entity0 were 1.0% and .9%, respectively. @entity4 was the most common cause of @entity2 . All deaths in LG occurred during first 4 years of that experience. Mortality rate by class was A = .1%; B = 1.5%; C = 2.3%. The difference in mortality between class B and C @entity0 was not significant. Univariate analysis in the OG indicated that BMI, age, gender, and @entity3 risk were significant predictors of mortality. In the LG only BMI and @entity3 were significant predictors of @entity2 . Presence of @entity1 was not a significant predictor in either group. Multivariate analysis excluding @entity1 found that age was predictive of mortality in the OG while BMI (P = .057) and gender (P = .065) approached statistical significance. Conversely, only BMI was predictive of mortality in the LG with age approaching significance (P = .058). In multivariate analysis @entity3 risk was not predictive of mortality in either group. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in the predictive value of the OS- @entity5 between open and laparoscopic RYGB. Although laparoscopic @entity0 were significantly older versus the open @entity0 , age was not predictive of mortality after laparoscopic RYGB. BMI trended toward increased mortality risk in both groups. Changes in technique and protocol likely contributed toward no mortality during the last 6 years of our laparoscopic experience.

title: Differences in open versus laparoscopic gastric bypass mortality risk using the Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score (OS- XXXX ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: Here we report the successful treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) with @entity5 . @entity5 rescue treatment was administered after a 42-year-old @entity0 failed to respond to @entity2 pulse and plasmapheresis with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The @entity0 underwent a second renal transplantation with a deceased donor kidney. She was treated pre-operatively with rituximab (200   mg/body) and underwent plasmapheresis twice (day-1 and operation day) because ELISA screening revealed that her pre-operative peak panel reactive antibody (PRA) composition was 100% class I and 100% class II and 15 times of cross-match positive history during the waiting period for transplantation. The @entity0 received induction therapy with Simulect (an @entity4 -blocking agent). A 1-hour protocol biopsy revealed C4d-positivity and mild @entity1 . This was suggestive of early AMR-associated changes. After transplantation, the @entity0 underwent plasmaphereses (nine times) with low-dose IVIG (2   mg/kg). Despite this treatment regimen, serum @entity3 levels increased to 3.4   mg/dL on post-transplant day 15. A second graft biopsy was performed, which showed overt AMR with glomerulitis, @entity1 and no C4d deposition. On post-operative day (POD) 22, treatment with four doses of @entity5 (1.3   mg/m(2) ) was initiated with the @entity0 's consent. On POD 55, renal function had recovered and serum @entity3 was 1.5   mg/dL. In summary, @entity5 was administered as a rescue treatment for a @entity0 who developed AMR that was refractory to a combination of plasmaphereses with low-dose IVIG and preemptive administration of rituximab.

title: Treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection using XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cases of @entity3 with severe @entity2 skin, as well as those for re-do @entity3 or @entity1 repair, are considered complex cases. Depending on the degree of complexity of the defect, a two-stage procedure may still be advisable. The present paper describes the so-called Marzouk skin tag urethroplasty as a new two-stage procedure advisable for use in such difficult cases. METHODS: The Marzouk skin tag urethroplasty procedure was performed on 16 complex cases. The first stage consists of urethral mobilization plus the double-buttonhole procedure (designed by the author) to form a midline ventral skin tag proximal to an advanced hypospadiac orifice. This skin tag is fashioned, 6 months later, by the author's special techniques (type I in 12 @entity0 and type II in four @entity0 ) to form the neourethral tube and its coverage with minimal dissection. RESULTS: The operation resulted in a straight penis with neomeatus at the glans top in all 16 cases without significant complications. Both type I and II procedures give good functional results. The type I procedure has a superior cosmetic result. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 8 months. CONCLUSIONS: The double-buttonhole modification can solve the problem of deficient skin and simplify a safe second-stage procedure. The Marzouk skin tag operation (types I and II) can be an additional option to be used when indicated.

title: Marzouk skin tag two-stage urethroplasty for the repair of complex cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The spatial distribution of the three centromere-associated proteins a-tubulin, @entity2 , and phosphorylated histone H2A (at @entity0 120, H2AThr120ph) was analysed by indirect immunodetection at monocentric cereal chromosomes and at the holocentric chromosomes of Luzula elegans by super-resolution light microscopy and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Using structured illumination microscopy (SIM) as the super-resolution technique on squashed specimens and @entity1 on uncoated isolated specimens, the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the proteins was visualized at the centromeres. Technical aspects of 3D @entity1 are explained in detail. We show that @entity2 forms curved "pads" mainly around the lateral centromeric region in the primary constriction of metacentric chromosomes. H2AThr120ph is present in both the primary constriction and in the pericentromere. a-tubulin-labeled microtubule bundles attach to @entity2 -containing chromatin structures, either in single bundles with a V-shaped attachment to the centromere or in split bundles to bordering pericentromeric flanks. In holocentric L. elegans chromosomes, H2AThr120ph is located predominantly in the centromeric groove of each chromatid as proven by subsequent FIB/FESEM ablation and 3D reconstruction. a-tubulin localizes to the edges of the groove. In both holocentric and monocentric chromosomes, no additional intermediate structures between microtubules and the centromere were observed. We established models of the distribution of @entity2 , H2AThr120ph and the attachment sites of microtubules for metacentric and holocentric plant chromosomes.

title: The ultrastructure of mono- and holocentric plant centromeres: an immunological investigation by structured illumination microscopy and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Groin injuries are common in sports, particularly multidirectional team sports, but incidence rates across sports other than football (soccer) have been poorly documented. METHODS: A systematic review (initially using PubMed and SportDiscus databases) was performed to record incidence of groin and groin region injuries in sports. Inclusion criteria included presentation of @entity1 incidence data for at least 10 team/squad seasons. RESULTS: Data from 31 studies were included. These used varying @entity1 and also considered varying injury categories from general to specific (all groin/hip region injuries, groin injuries, adductor muscle strains, intra-articular @entity2 ). When playing the same sport, @entity0 had greater injury incidence of @entity1 than @entity0 (relative risk, RR 2.45, 95% CI 2.06 to 2.92). Sports with high incidences of @entity1 included ice hockey and the football codes. There is variation by player position for rate of @entity1 in many sports. @entity2 have become more commonly diagnosed over the past decade in Australian football (p=0.001) and other sports. CONCLUSIONS: There is moderate evidence that @entity0 have a higher risk of @entity1 than @entity0 when playing the same sport. There is some evidence that @entity2 are being increasingly diagnosed in the subset of 'groin injuries' in recent years. It is recommended that injury epidemiology consensus statements aim to include a number of relevant sports to improve injury incidence comparisons among different sports.

title: XXXX at higher risk of groin injuries in elite team sports: a systematic review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a 37-kDa protein, plays an important role as a mediator of glucocorticoid action in the anterior pituitary gland and has been implicated in the processes of tumorigenesis in a number of other tissues. As a prelude to examining the potential role of @entity3 in the pathophysiology of @entity1 , this study examined the expression, phosphorylation status and distribution of @entity3 and the closely related protein, @entity9 ( @entity9 ), in a series of @entity8 . @entity0 AND DESIGN: Forty-two @entity0 @entity8 were examined. Parallel studies were performed on normal pituitary tissue, obtained postmortem, a @entity2 and a grade 4 @entity7 . MEASUREMENTS: The tissue was processed for analysis of @entity3 mRNA and protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunogold electron-microscopic histochemistry. Parallel measures of @entity9 mRNA and protein were also made. RESULTS: @entity3 mRNA and protein were detected in all but three @entity5 studied; the protein was localized mainly, but not exclusively, to nonendocrine cells. @entity9 expression was more variable and was contained within both endocrine and nonendocrine cells of these @entity1 . In comparison with the @entity5 , the @entity2 showed abundant expression of both @entity3 and @entity9 , with intense @entity3 staining in some but not all @entity1 /endocrine cells. A @entity4 -phosphorylated species of @entity3 was detected in all @entity1 studied; by contrast, @entity6 -phosphorylated @entity3 was detected in only four @entity5 and in the @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity9 were also expressed in abundance in the @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate expression of both @entity3 and @entity9 in @entity0 @entity1 and thus raise the possibility that these proteins influence the growth and/or functional activity of the @entity1 .

title: Expression, subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of annexins 1 and 5 in XXXX @entity8 and a growth hormone-secreting @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a 37-kDa protein, plays an important role as a mediator of glucocorticoid action in the anterior pituitary gland and has been implicated in the processes of tumorigenesis in a number of other tissues. As a prelude to examining the potential role of @entity3 in the pathophysiology of @entity1 , this study examined the expression, phosphorylation status and distribution of @entity3 and the closely related protein, @entity9 ( @entity9 ), in a series of @entity8 . @entity0 AND DESIGN: Forty-two @entity0 @entity8 were examined. Parallel studies were performed on normal pituitary tissue, obtained postmortem, a @entity2 and a grade 4 @entity7 . MEASUREMENTS: The tissue was processed for analysis of @entity3 mRNA and protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunogold electron-microscopic histochemistry. Parallel measures of @entity9 mRNA and protein were also made. RESULTS: @entity3 mRNA and protein were detected in all but three @entity5 studied; the protein was localized mainly, but not exclusively, to nonendocrine cells. @entity9 expression was more variable and was contained within both endocrine and nonendocrine cells of these @entity1 . In comparison with the @entity5 , the @entity2 showed abundant expression of both @entity3 and @entity9 , with intense @entity3 staining in some but not all @entity1 /endocrine cells. A @entity4 -phosphorylated species of @entity3 was detected in all @entity1 studied; by contrast, @entity6 -phosphorylated @entity3 was detected in only four @entity5 and in the @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity9 were also expressed in abundance in the @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate expression of both @entity3 and @entity9 in @entity0 @entity1 and thus raise the possibility that these proteins influence the growth and/or functional activity of the @entity1 .

title: Expression, subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of annexins 1 and 5 in @entity0 XXXX and a growth hormone-secreting @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a 37-kDa protein, plays an important role as a mediator of glucocorticoid action in the anterior pituitary gland and has been implicated in the processes of tumorigenesis in a number of other tissues. As a prelude to examining the potential role of @entity3 in the pathophysiology of @entity1 , this study examined the expression, phosphorylation status and distribution of @entity3 and the closely related protein, @entity9 ( @entity9 ), in a series of @entity8 . @entity0 AND DESIGN: Forty-two @entity0 @entity8 were examined. Parallel studies were performed on normal pituitary tissue, obtained postmortem, a @entity2 and a grade 4 @entity7 . MEASUREMENTS: The tissue was processed for analysis of @entity3 mRNA and protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunogold electron-microscopic histochemistry. Parallel measures of @entity9 mRNA and protein were also made. RESULTS: @entity3 mRNA and protein were detected in all but three @entity5 studied; the protein was localized mainly, but not exclusively, to nonendocrine cells. @entity9 expression was more variable and was contained within both endocrine and nonendocrine cells of these @entity1 . In comparison with the @entity5 , the @entity2 showed abundant expression of both @entity3 and @entity9 , with intense @entity3 staining in some but not all @entity1 /endocrine cells. A @entity4 -phosphorylated species of @entity3 was detected in all @entity1 studied; by contrast, @entity6 -phosphorylated @entity3 was detected in only four @entity5 and in the @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity9 were also expressed in abundance in the @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate expression of both @entity3 and @entity9 in @entity0 @entity1 and thus raise the possibility that these proteins influence the growth and/or functional activity of the @entity1 .

title: Expression, subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of annexins 1 and 5 in @entity0 @entity8 and a growth hormone-secreting XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bioactive glass (BG) is a glass ceramic material. It has been used as surgical bone replacement material in ear and oral surgery, orthopedics, and dentistry. METHODS: Bioactive glass was used as obliteration material in a series of @entity1 on 10 @entity0 suffering from @entity2 , which other, more-conservative treatment modalities had failed to cure. RESULTS: Bioactive glass is easy to handle, and complete obliteration of all sinusal recesses and excavations is easily achieved. No adverse effects of the implant material have been seen over a mean follow-up period of 5.0 years. One @entity0 with a local recurrent infection in the outer table of the sinus was reoperated on 5 months after primary surgery. Repeated postoperative computed tomographic scans analyzed by digital region-of-interest (ROI) selection showed no remarkable changes in the frontal sinus cavities but a slight, yearly decrease in the density of the occlusion material. Laboratory monitoring of @entity0 and histopathologic examination of two postoperative biopsy specimens indicated that the material is well tolerated and stable. CONCLUSIONS: Bioactive glass is a promising and well-tolerated bone graft suitable for @entity1 . Total accurate obliteration of the sinus is achieved with different sizes of granules and blocks. The results of the obliteration are maintained owing to the stability of the material.

title: XXXX with bioactive glass.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity3 abusers also abuse alcohol, but little is known about interactions that promote co-abuse. These experiments in @entity4 determined the effects of >8 weeks of @entity2 ( @entity0 ) consumption on @entity3 self-administration (n=6), effects of @entity1 (DA) receptor antagonists on @entity3 reinforcement (n=3-4 per drug) and the ability of the D2-like DA receptor agonist @entity6 to elicit @entity5 (n=3). METHODS: Monkeys self-administered @entity3 (0.0-1.0mg/kg/injection, i.v.) under a 300-s fixed-interval schedule and the above-listed variables were measured before @entity0 exposure. Next, monkeys consumed a sweetened, 4% @entity0 solution in the home cage under binge-like conditions: 1h, 5 days/week with daily intake equaling 2.0g/kg @entity0 . After approximately 8 weeks, measures were re-determined, then @entity0 drinking was discontinued. Finally, acute effects of @entity0 on @entity3 self-administration were determined by infusing @entity0 (0.0-1.0g/kg. i.v.) prior to @entity3 self-administration sessions (n=4). RESULTS: In five of six monkeys, @entity0 drinking increased self-administration of low @entity3 doses but did not alter reinforcing effects of higher doses. Self-administration returned to baseline after @entity0 access was terminated (n=3). Effects of DA receptor antagonists on @entity3 self-administration were not consistently altered after @entity0 consumption, but the ability of @entity6 to induce @entity5 was enhanced in two of three monkeys. Acute @entity0 infusions only decreased self-administration of lower @entity3 doses. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the data suggest that long-term @entity0 exposure can increase sensitivity to @entity3 , possibly by increasing D3 receptor sensitivity. Data do not support a role for acute pharmacological interactions in promoting @entity3 / @entity0 co-abuse.

title: Effects of chronic binge-like XXXX consumption on @entity3 self-administration in @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity3 abusers also abuse alcohol, but little is known about interactions that promote co-abuse. These experiments in @entity4 determined the effects of >8 weeks of @entity2 ( @entity0 ) consumption on @entity3 self-administration (n=6), effects of @entity1 (DA) receptor antagonists on @entity3 reinforcement (n=3-4 per drug) and the ability of the D2-like DA receptor agonist @entity6 to elicit @entity5 (n=3). METHODS: Monkeys self-administered @entity3 (0.0-1.0mg/kg/injection, i.v.) under a 300-s fixed-interval schedule and the above-listed variables were measured before @entity0 exposure. Next, monkeys consumed a sweetened, 4% @entity0 solution in the home cage under binge-like conditions: 1h, 5 days/week with daily intake equaling 2.0g/kg @entity0 . After approximately 8 weeks, measures were re-determined, then @entity0 drinking was discontinued. Finally, acute effects of @entity0 on @entity3 self-administration were determined by infusing @entity0 (0.0-1.0g/kg. i.v.) prior to @entity3 self-administration sessions (n=4). RESULTS: In five of six monkeys, @entity0 drinking increased self-administration of low @entity3 doses but did not alter reinforcing effects of higher doses. Self-administration returned to baseline after @entity0 access was terminated (n=3). Effects of DA receptor antagonists on @entity3 self-administration were not consistently altered after @entity0 consumption, but the ability of @entity6 to induce @entity5 was enhanced in two of three monkeys. Acute @entity0 infusions only decreased self-administration of lower @entity3 doses. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the data suggest that long-term @entity0 exposure can increase sensitivity to @entity3 , possibly by increasing D3 receptor sensitivity. Data do not support a role for acute pharmacological interactions in promoting @entity3 / @entity0 co-abuse.

title: Effects of chronic binge-like @entity2 consumption on XXXX self-administration in @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity3 abusers also abuse alcohol, but little is known about interactions that promote co-abuse. These experiments in @entity4 determined the effects of >8 weeks of @entity2 ( @entity0 ) consumption on @entity3 self-administration (n=6), effects of @entity1 (DA) receptor antagonists on @entity3 reinforcement (n=3-4 per drug) and the ability of the D2-like DA receptor agonist @entity6 to elicit @entity5 (n=3). METHODS: Monkeys self-administered @entity3 (0.0-1.0mg/kg/injection, i.v.) under a 300-s fixed-interval schedule and the above-listed variables were measured before @entity0 exposure. Next, monkeys consumed a sweetened, 4% @entity0 solution in the home cage under binge-like conditions: 1h, 5 days/week with daily intake equaling 2.0g/kg @entity0 . After approximately 8 weeks, measures were re-determined, then @entity0 drinking was discontinued. Finally, acute effects of @entity0 on @entity3 self-administration were determined by infusing @entity0 (0.0-1.0g/kg. i.v.) prior to @entity3 self-administration sessions (n=4). RESULTS: In five of six monkeys, @entity0 drinking increased self-administration of low @entity3 doses but did not alter reinforcing effects of higher doses. Self-administration returned to baseline after @entity0 access was terminated (n=3). Effects of DA receptor antagonists on @entity3 self-administration were not consistently altered after @entity0 consumption, but the ability of @entity6 to induce @entity5 was enhanced in two of three monkeys. Acute @entity0 infusions only decreased self-administration of lower @entity3 doses. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the data suggest that long-term @entity0 exposure can increase sensitivity to @entity3 , possibly by increasing D3 receptor sensitivity. Data do not support a role for acute pharmacological interactions in promoting @entity3 / @entity0 co-abuse.

title: Effects of chronic binge-like @entity2 consumption on @entity3 self-administration in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis, in a prospective randomized double-blind study, that the combination of intravesical @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and oral @entity3 (BC) are additive or synergistic in improving bladder emptying, as they have been used alone for treating @entity1 with little clinical benefit. @entity0 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 with detrusor underactivity (17 @entity0 and two @entity0 ) were eligible and randomized to one of two treatments. All had postvoid residual urine volumes (PVR) consistently of > 300 mL, most being reliant on clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC). The experimental treatment group (nine @entity0 ) received once-weekly intravesical @entity2 (1.5 mg in 20 mL 0.9% saline) plus BC 50 mg four times daily, for a total of 6 weeks. The second group of 10 @entity0 received a once-weekly instillation of saline together with placebo tablets, again for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Before treatment the median (interquartile range) PVR was 426 (405-480) mL for those receiving both drugs; this decreased to 325 (290-352) mL after completing the treatment (P < 0.015). In the placebo group the respective values were 576 (539-777) and 538 (350-775) mL (P = 0.09). Four of the @entity0 receiving the active combination reported symptomatic improvement and were able to reduce the frequency of CISC. CONCLUSION: Although there was evidence of a pharmacological effect, BC and @entity2 had a limited therapeutic effect compared with placebo. Whilst we would not recommend this treatment as routine, it may be considered for the occasional treatment of a @entity0 with detrusor underactivity.

title: XXXX and @entity3 in combination for treating detrusor underactivity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis, in a prospective randomized double-blind study, that the combination of intravesical @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and oral @entity3 (BC) are additive or synergistic in improving bladder emptying, as they have been used alone for treating @entity1 with little clinical benefit. @entity0 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 with detrusor underactivity (17 @entity0 and two @entity0 ) were eligible and randomized to one of two treatments. All had postvoid residual urine volumes (PVR) consistently of > 300 mL, most being reliant on clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC). The experimental treatment group (nine @entity0 ) received once-weekly intravesical @entity2 (1.5 mg in 20 mL 0.9% saline) plus BC 50 mg four times daily, for a total of 6 weeks. The second group of 10 @entity0 received a once-weekly instillation of saline together with placebo tablets, again for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Before treatment the median (interquartile range) PVR was 426 (405-480) mL for those receiving both drugs; this decreased to 325 (290-352) mL after completing the treatment (P < 0.015). In the placebo group the respective values were 576 (539-777) and 538 (350-775) mL (P = 0.09). Four of the @entity0 receiving the active combination reported symptomatic improvement and were able to reduce the frequency of CISC. CONCLUSION: Although there was evidence of a pharmacological effect, BC and @entity2 had a limited therapeutic effect compared with placebo. Whilst we would not recommend this treatment as routine, it may be considered for the occasional treatment of a @entity0 with detrusor underactivity.

title: @entity2 and XXXX in combination for treating detrusor underactivity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies compared radiographic and clinical outcomes between @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in treating @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: A total of 176 consecutive @entity0 who underwent posterior instrumented spinal surgery for @entity1 between January 2007 and January 2009 were prospectively divided into two groups- @entity4 and @entity5 . All @entity0 included in the analysis were followed up for 3 years. Demographic distribution, perioperative complications, and radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The amount of intraoperative @entity2 and drained volume was significantly greater in the @entity5 group compared with the @entity4 group (881.1 ml versus 737.4 ml, p   =   0.004). The length of stay of @entity0 who had @entity5 surgery (20.9 days) was significantly longer (p   =   0.033) than that of @entity0 who underwent @entity4 surgery (18.9 days). @entity0 with @entity5 surgery had higher total costs than those with @entity4 surgery (US 12826.8 versus US 11654.5, p   =   0.002). No statistically significant differences existed in back visual analogue scale (VAS), leg VAS, or @entity3 index (ODI) scores between the @entity4 and @entity5 groups of @entity0 at each time point. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity5 , @entity4 have advantages on @entity2 , length of stay in hospital, total charges, and radiographic outcomes, but no advantages on leg and back VAS or ODI scores. High-quality randomized controlled trials are still required in the future.

title: Comparison between @entity4 and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies compared radiographic and clinical outcomes between @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in treating @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: A total of 176 consecutive @entity0 who underwent posterior instrumented spinal surgery for @entity1 between January 2007 and January 2009 were prospectively divided into two groups- @entity4 and @entity5 . All @entity0 included in the analysis were followed up for 3 years. Demographic distribution, perioperative complications, and radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The amount of intraoperative @entity2 and drained volume was significantly greater in the @entity5 group compared with the @entity4 group (881.1 ml versus 737.4 ml, p   =   0.004). The length of stay of @entity0 who had @entity5 surgery (20.9 days) was significantly longer (p   =   0.033) than that of @entity0 who underwent @entity4 surgery (18.9 days). @entity0 with @entity5 surgery had higher total costs than those with @entity4 surgery (US 12826.8 versus US 11654.5, p   =   0.002). No statistically significant differences existed in back visual analogue scale (VAS), leg VAS, or @entity3 index (ODI) scores between the @entity4 and @entity5 groups of @entity0 at each time point. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity5 , @entity4 have advantages on @entity2 , length of stay in hospital, total charges, and radiographic outcomes, but no advantages on leg and back VAS or ODI scores. High-quality randomized controlled trials are still required in the future.

title: Comparison between XXXX and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of @entity1 : a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 with extensive osteoid production is rare. We report a case of @entity4 of monophasic type with massive ossification. The diagnosis was confirmed by reverse-transcripitase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The @entity0 was an-81-year-old @entity0 with recurrent @entity4 in her right knee. The @entity2 was primarily excised in 1989. It recurred and was removed again in 1996. However, in 1999 a painful mass appeared in the same site. Preoperative plain radiography and computed tomography revealed a 5 x 5 cm soft tissue mass with extensive ossification in the medial side of the right knee joint. The @entity2 was widely excised in 2000. Soft X-ray examination revealed a trabecular pattern of ossification in the excised @entity2 . Microscopically the @entity2 was composed of hypercellular spindle cells with @entity3 with prominent ossification but no epithelial component. The @entity2 cells were positive for @entity5 and focally positive for cytokeratin. The @entity2 expressed a sequence of @entity6 - @entity7 fusion gene transcript demonstrated by RT-PCR. Twelve years long survival of the present case without @entity1 in spite of repeated recurrence suggests a better prognosis of @entity4 with ossification.

title: XXXX with massive ossification--a case report.

answer: @entity4