abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to establish what kind of changes take place in sexual functions after restorative proctocolectomy and ileoanal @entity254 with @entity2418 (IAA) and whether the operation alters fertility. METHODS: One hundred and ten consecutive @entity1 who underwent IAA operation for @entity31 at our institute were sent a questionnaire after at least 2 years' follow-up with special emphasis on sexual functions. Analysis was made by an independent researcher. RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity1 (86.7%) responded to the questionnaire. The mean follow-up of the @entity1 was 71.5 months (range, 30-128 months). The median age of the 51 @entity1 in this study was 39.0 years (range, 23-74 years). @entity546 increased after the operation, but sexual satisfaction improved. The operation seems to reduce fertility slightly in @entity1 , and the rate of @entity2208 may be higher than in the normal population. The median age of the @entity1 was 43.0 (25-69) years. One (2.3%) case of @entity2754 and six (14.6%) cases of erectile function problems were reported after the operation. The fear of leakage during coitus were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual satisfaction is improved after operation, mainly due to improved general health, despite minor disturbances in sexual function. There may be a risk of decreased fertility after restorative proctocolectomy.

title: Ileal @entity2418 --anal XXXX , sexual dysfunction, and fertility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspareunia']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to establish what kind of changes take place in sexual functions after restorative proctocolectomy and ileoanal @entity254 with @entity2418 (IAA) and whether the operation alters fertility. METHODS: One hundred and ten consecutive @entity1 who underwent IAA operation for @entity31 at our institute were sent a questionnaire after at least 2 years' follow-up with special emphasis on sexual functions. Analysis was made by an independent researcher. RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity1 (86.7%) responded to the questionnaire. The mean follow-up of the @entity1 was 71.5 months (range, 30-128 months). The median age of the 51 @entity1 in this study was 39.0 years (range, 23-74 years). @entity546 increased after the operation, but sexual satisfaction improved. The operation seems to reduce fertility slightly in @entity1 , and the rate of @entity2208 may be higher than in the normal population. The median age of the @entity1 was 43.0 (25-69) years. One (2.3%) case of @entity2754 and six (14.6%) cases of erectile function problems were reported after the operation. The fear of leakage during coitus were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual satisfaction is improved after operation, mainly due to improved general health, despite minor disturbances in sexual function. There may be a risk of decreased fertility after restorative proctocolectomy.

title: Ileal XXXX --anal @entity254 , sexual dysfunction, and fertility.

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['J-pouch']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the aqueous outflow pathway in @entity725 ( @entity725 ) through provocative gonioscopy and channelography with a flexible microcatheter and @entity941 tracer during canaloplasty. METHODS: One eye each was randomly selected from 28 consecutive black African @entity725 @entity1 undergoing canaloplasty. Provocative gonioscopy was performed at the beginning of surgery, and @entity1503 from collector channels into Schlemm's canal (SC) was semiquantitatively evaluated. During canaloplasty, a flexible microcatheter injected @entity941 tracer stepwise into SC. The outflow pathway parameters of interest were @entity1503 , transtrabecular passage of @entity941 , and episcleral vein filling. RESULTS: Mean age, intraocular pressure (IOP), and cup-to-disc ratio were 45.9 years (SD +/- 13.3), 41.0 mm Hg (SD +/- 11.9), and 0.78 (SD +/- 0.22), respectively. Mean IOP (P < 0.001) and episcleral venous egress (P = 0.01) correlated significantly with @entity1503 , but cup-to-disc ratio (P = 0.71), age (P = 0.70), and @entity941 diffusion (P = 0.90) did not. A multinomial regression model showed that higher IOP (P < 0.001, OR, 1.687; 95% CI, 1.151-2.472) was strongly associated with poor @entity1503 , independent of the @entity1 's age (P = 0.383, OR, 0.942; 95% CI, 0.823-1.078). No correlation was found between preoperative IOP, transtrabecular passage, episcleral venous egress, and cup-to-disc ratio. The mean IOP was 17.5 mm Hg (SD +/- 3.7) 6 months after surgery. The level of IOP after surgery correlated with the grade of @entity1503 and episcleral venous egress (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High mean IOP may be associated with poor @entity1503 and filling of SC. A collapsed canal, probably secondary to high IOP, may be an underestimated sign in black African @entity1 with @entity725 . The quality of @entity1503 and episcleral venous egress may both be predictive of the level of IOP after surgery. Provocative gonioscopy and channelography may reflect the function of the outflow pathway and may be helpful in assessing the surgical outcome of canaloplasty.

title: Clinical evaluation of the aqueous outflow system in XXXX for canaloplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood reflux']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Most of the previous studies on @entity19430 were performed in @entity101 clinics or academic settings and included relatively small series of @entity1 . Consequently, the prevalence of @entity19430 in primary care settings and the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of this subgroup of @entity1 are not well known. We performed this study to estimate the frequency of @entity19430 in a population of mildly to moderately @entity101 subjects attended in a primary care setting and to examine possible epidemiologic and clinical factors that may identify these @entity1 . @entity1 included in the study underwent clinical interview, measurement of clinic blood pressure (BP) on three visits, determination of serum lipids, @entity413 , @entity414 , and urinary albumin excretion, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, and M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. @entity1 were classified as white coat @entity101 if their daytime ambulatory BP were < 135/85 mm Hg. We studied 345 @entity1 , 136 (39%) of whom were diagnosed with @entity19430 . The frequency of @entity19430 was inversely proportional to the severity of clinic BP values. The diagnosis of @entity19430 was independently associated with female gender and low educational level. Left ventricular mass index and urinary albumin excretion were lower in the white-coat @entity101 group compared with the group with sustained @entity101 . Our results show that a high proportion of @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 attended in a primary care setting have @entity19430 . Some clinical characteristics may be helpful in the identification of this group of subjects. White coat @entity101 show @entity16 than sustained @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Frequency and determinants of XXXX in mild to moderate @entity101 : a primary care-based study. Monitorizaci  n Ambulatoria de la Presi  n Arterial (MAPA)-Area 5 Working Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19430 :: ('MESH:D059466', 'Disease') :: ['white coat hypertension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['less target-organ damage']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity19430 :: (MESH:D059466,Disease) :: ['white coat hypertension']


abstract: Most of the previous studies on @entity19430 were performed in @entity101 clinics or academic settings and included relatively small series of @entity1 . Consequently, the prevalence of @entity19430 in primary care settings and the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of this subgroup of @entity1 are not well known. We performed this study to estimate the frequency of @entity19430 in a population of mildly to moderately @entity101 subjects attended in a primary care setting and to examine possible epidemiologic and clinical factors that may identify these @entity1 . @entity1 included in the study underwent clinical interview, measurement of clinic blood pressure (BP) on three visits, determination of serum lipids, @entity413 , @entity414 , and urinary albumin excretion, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, and M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. @entity1 were classified as white coat @entity101 if their daytime ambulatory BP were < 135/85 mm Hg. We studied 345 @entity1 , 136 (39%) of whom were diagnosed with @entity19430 . The frequency of @entity19430 was inversely proportional to the severity of clinic BP values. The diagnosis of @entity19430 was independently associated with female gender and low educational level. Left ventricular mass index and urinary albumin excretion were lower in the white-coat @entity101 group compared with the group with sustained @entity101 . Our results show that a high proportion of @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 attended in a primary care setting have @entity19430 . Some clinical characteristics may be helpful in the identification of this group of subjects. White coat @entity101 show @entity16 than sustained @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Frequency and determinants of @entity19430 in mild to moderate XXXX : a primary care-based study. Monitorizaci  n Ambulatoria de la Presi  n Arterial (MAPA)-Area 5 Working Group.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The remodelling of the endometrial architecture is fundamental to create a suitable environment for the establishment of pregnancy. During this process, substantial alterations in the composition of maternal extracellular matrix play an important role by providing a prosperous medium for implantation as well as modulating trophoblast invasion leading to the formation of a functional placental unit. Hyaluronan is a conspicuous component of the extracellular matrix, particularly in remodelling tissues undergoing regeneration and repair. During gestation, changes in HA deposition and distribution indicate that this molecule may participate in preparation of the endometrial stroma for reception and implantation of the embryo. However, little is known about the role of hyaluronan at the fetomaternal interface, specially regarding its influence in pregnancy outcome. In the present study we show increased decidual hyaluronan levels in @entity2208 compared with normal pregnancy @entity19 on gestation day 7.5. Both in normal and pathologic pregnancies, high molecular size hyaluronan was found at the fetomaternal unit. However, hyaluronan metabolism (which results from the activity of hyaluronan synthases and hyaluronidases) seems to be altered in @entity2208 as shown by a decrease in @entity71103 expression as well as by differences in hyaluronan molecular size spectrum. This alteration in hyaluronan metabolism in @entity2208 could explain its increased concentration observed in decidua and the abnormal distribution of hyaluronan around the embryo implantation crypt. Thus, increased decidual hyaluronan levels resulting from abnormal deposition and turn over may contribute to the pathogenesis of pregnancy failure.

title: XXXX abortion is associated with enhanced hyaluronan expression and abnormal localization at the fetomaternal interface.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: We have been investigating the function and gene expression of connexins by vascular wall cells, especially @entity13509 ( @entity13509 ) in @entity291 aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). In this study, we tested the effects of @entity8743 ( @entity2382 ), a gap junction communication (GJC) blocker on the junctional transfer of Lucifer yellow in BAEC. @entity2382 is a water-soluble derivative of the liquorice-root extract @entity44601 . @entity2382 rapidly abolished dye-transfer in the scrape-load transfer assay (a measure of GJC) in a reversible and dose-dependent fashion. We then asked whether the BAEC might somehow compensate for the loss of junctional communication by altering the expression of connexins. Thus, we treated BAEC with 100 microM @entity2382 in serum free medium and determined the total @entity13509 cellular distribution (immunostaining) and protein content (immunoblotting). Besides changes in distribution, by 6 h, @entity13509 content levels increased to 166% +/- 22% (P < 0.0001) of controls. RNA blot data showed two-three fold increases in @entity13509 message in BAEC after 6 h of @entity2382 treatment, suggesting transcriptional control. Since @entity2382 has structural similarities to @entity288 , we tested both @entity1369 and @entity617 but neither drug increased @entity13509 levels, suggesting that the @entity2382 response was not due to a generalized @entity134 effect. @entity866 inhibited the @entity2382 -induced increase in @entity13509 content, suggesting a role for kinases in the signaling pathway. Further studies with inhibitors indicated that PKA but not @entity6164 was implicated. In summary, @entity2382 blocks junctional communication and modulates @entity13509 expression in BAEC. These results suggest a feedback mechanism for control of connexin expression based on junctional patency.

title: @entity8743 inhibits junctional transfer and upregulates XXXX expression by a protein kinase A-dependent pathway.

entities_list: @entity8743 :: ('MESH:D002229', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenoxolone']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity44601 :: ('MESH:C119129', 'Chemical') :: ['18-alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity13509 :: (281193(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['Connexin43']


abstract: We have been investigating the function and gene expression of connexins by vascular wall cells, especially @entity13509 ( @entity13509 ) in @entity291 aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). In this study, we tested the effects of @entity8743 ( @entity2382 ), a gap junction communication (GJC) blocker on the junctional transfer of Lucifer yellow in BAEC. @entity2382 is a water-soluble derivative of the liquorice-root extract @entity44601 . @entity2382 rapidly abolished dye-transfer in the scrape-load transfer assay (a measure of GJC) in a reversible and dose-dependent fashion. We then asked whether the BAEC might somehow compensate for the loss of junctional communication by altering the expression of connexins. Thus, we treated BAEC with 100 microM @entity2382 in serum free medium and determined the total @entity13509 cellular distribution (immunostaining) and protein content (immunoblotting). Besides changes in distribution, by 6 h, @entity13509 content levels increased to 166% +/- 22% (P < 0.0001) of controls. RNA blot data showed two-three fold increases in @entity13509 message in BAEC after 6 h of @entity2382 treatment, suggesting transcriptional control. Since @entity2382 has structural similarities to @entity288 , we tested both @entity1369 and @entity617 but neither drug increased @entity13509 levels, suggesting that the @entity2382 response was not due to a generalized @entity134 effect. @entity866 inhibited the @entity2382 -induced increase in @entity13509 content, suggesting a role for kinases in the signaling pathway. Further studies with inhibitors indicated that PKA but not @entity6164 was implicated. In summary, @entity2382 blocks junctional communication and modulates @entity13509 expression in BAEC. These results suggest a feedback mechanism for control of connexin expression based on junctional patency.

title: XXXX inhibits junctional transfer and upregulates @entity13509 expression by a protein kinase A-dependent pathway.

answer: @entity8743 :: (MESH:D002229,Chemical) :: ['Carbenoxolone']


abstract: Although associated factors are important for the occurrence of @entity16 in @entity4053 , they are not fully understood. Sixty @entity1 with @entity4053 were studied through a review of their medical records in Tottori University Hospital. The @entity1 were classified into two main groups: Group I were @entity1 who had @entity1032 , @entity245 , @entity306 or @entity302 while Group II were those who were normal in their follow-up. Group I consisted of 12 @entity1 while Group II consisted of 48 @entity1 . The median gestational age was 38 weeks in Group I and 36.7 weeks in Group II. The frequencies of small for gestational age were similar in both groups. Blood @entity413 levels less than 15 mg/dl were more frequent in Group 1 (50.0%) than in Group 2 (14.6%) (P=0.015). Duration of @entity4053 was longer in Group I (median, 14 h) than in Group II (median, 1.75 h) (p<0.001). The following factors were more frequent in Group I than in Group II: @entity6064 (33.3% and 8.3%, p=0.043), fetal distress (58.3% and 14.5%, p=0.004), an Apgar score of less than 5 at 1 min (33.3% and 6.4%, p=0.025), @entity410 (53.8% and 4.3%, p<0.001) and pathological @entity1087 (41.7% and 6.4%, p=0.006). Cranial CT or MRI revealed @entity75 in 8 of the 9 Group I @entity1 in follow-up examinations. This study indicates that severe and @entity1162 can cause @entity75 and other perinatal risk factors, such as @entity519 , @entity410 and pathological @entity1087 , would exacerbate @entity1545 .

title: Associated factors in neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal seizure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neural damage']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemic brain injury']


abstract: A 35-year-old female @entity1 presented with the following symptoms of @entity31900 : @entity3917 ,enlargement of the left pupil unresponsive to light, @entity4894 . The @entity2134 test was positive. No @entity5 or other @entity16 was found. She had a 19-year history of @entity775 . Flares up were observed following each 3 deliveries. At age of 31 she presented with @entity294 and @entity353 . @entity5 was detected by ultrasound. The surgically removed @entity5 was histologically a benign mesenteric @entity2696 .Simultaneously, @entity1593 was diagnosed.Gluten-free diet resulted in a significant improvement of @entity1593 ,but not of @entity775 . @entity4148 was proven by standard cardiovascular tests. The @entity1 was a homozygous carrier for HLA @entity7922 antigen characteristic for @entity1593 and heterozygous for HLA DR3 B8 frequent in @entity409 . Our novel observation on association of @entity31900 with @entity775 is suggestive for a common immunological background for all three entities present in a @entity1 with mesenteric @entity2696 .

title: XXXX , @entity775 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity31900 :: ('MESH:D000270', 'Disease') :: ['Holmes-Adie syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles areflexia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Abdominal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis and celiac disease', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity31900 :: (MESH:D000270,Disease) :: ['Holmes-Adie syndrome']


abstract: A 35-year-old female @entity1 presented with the following symptoms of @entity31900 : @entity3917 ,enlargement of the left pupil unresponsive to light, @entity4894 . The @entity2134 test was positive. No @entity5 or other @entity16 was found. She had a 19-year history of @entity775 . Flares up were observed following each 3 deliveries. At age of 31 she presented with @entity294 and @entity353 . @entity5 was detected by ultrasound. The surgically removed @entity5 was histologically a benign mesenteric @entity2696 .Simultaneously, @entity1593 was diagnosed.Gluten-free diet resulted in a significant improvement of @entity1593 ,but not of @entity775 . @entity4148 was proven by standard cardiovascular tests. The @entity1 was a homozygous carrier for HLA @entity7922 antigen characteristic for @entity1593 and heterozygous for HLA DR3 B8 frequent in @entity409 . Our novel observation on association of @entity31900 with @entity775 is suggestive for a common immunological background for all three entities present in a @entity1 with mesenteric @entity2696 .

title: @entity31900 , XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis and celiac disease']


abstract: We studied the prevalence, isotype distribution, and clinical significance of anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta2glycoprotein I (anti- @entity9500 ) antibodies in two populations of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), 160 Colombians and 160 Spaniards. All sera were tested in our laboratory by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG, IgM, and IgA aCL, as well as IgG and IgM anti- @entity9500 . Positive results for at least 1 of the 3 aCL isotypes were found in 40 Colombians (25%) and 55 Spaniards (34%). IgG aCL was the predominant isotype in both populations. Positive results for at least 1 of the anti- @entity9500 isotypes were found in 34 Colombians (21%) and 29 Spaniards (18%). IgG anti- @entity9500 was the dominant isotype in Colombians, while IgM was predominant in Spaniards. Positivity for anti- @entity9500 in aCL-positive @entity1 was present in 77% in the Colombian group and 50% in the Spaniard group. Among Colombians, IgG aCL and anti- @entity9500 correlated with @entity715 , fetal loss, and @entity882 . Among Spaniards, IgG aCL and IgG anti- @entity9500 correlated with @entity715 , fetal loss, and @entity12288 . For detecting @entity715 and fetal loss, aCL ELISA was more sensitive than anti- @entity9500 in Spaniards, and anti- @entity9500 ELISA was more specific than aCL in both populations.

title: Anticardiolipin and anti-beta2glycoprotein-I antibodies in @entity1 with XXXX : comparison between Colombians and Spaniards.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: We studied the prevalence, isotype distribution, and clinical significance of anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta2glycoprotein I (anti- @entity9500 ) antibodies in two populations of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), 160 Colombians and 160 Spaniards. All sera were tested in our laboratory by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG, IgM, and IgA aCL, as well as IgG and IgM anti- @entity9500 . Positive results for at least 1 of the 3 aCL isotypes were found in 40 Colombians (25%) and 55 Spaniards (34%). IgG aCL was the predominant isotype in both populations. Positive results for at least 1 of the anti- @entity9500 isotypes were found in 34 Colombians (21%) and 29 Spaniards (18%). IgG anti- @entity9500 was the dominant isotype in Colombians, while IgM was predominant in Spaniards. Positivity for anti- @entity9500 in aCL-positive @entity1 was present in 77% in the Colombian group and 50% in the Spaniard group. Among Colombians, IgG aCL and anti- @entity9500 correlated with @entity715 , fetal loss, and @entity882 . Among Spaniards, IgG aCL and IgG anti- @entity9500 correlated with @entity715 , fetal loss, and @entity12288 . For detecting @entity715 and fetal loss, aCL ELISA was more sensitive than anti- @entity9500 in Spaniards, and anti- @entity9500 ELISA was more specific than aCL in both populations.

title: Anticardiolipin and anti-beta2glycoprotein-I antibodies in XXXX with @entity1252 : comparison between Colombians and Spaniards.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have previously documented that @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) and prostacyclin (PGI2) decrease basal state hydraulic permeability (Lp). The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of @entity1827 and PGI2 to modulate transendothelial fluid flux during situations in which Lp was artificially elevated with platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ). We hypothesized that @entity1827 and PGI2 administration before @entity5567 exposure would prevent the increase in Lp secondary to @entity5567 . In addition, in a potentially more clinically relevant situation, we also hypothesized that @entity1827 and PGI2 administration after @entity5567 exposure would attenuate the increase in Lp secondary to @entity5567 . Microvascular Lp was measured in @entity35 mesenteric postcapillary venules. Exposure to 10 nM @entity5567 increased Lp 4-fold (P < 0.001). If the administration of 80 pM @entity1827 or 10 microM PGI2 was completed before @entity5567 exposure, no @entity5567 -associated increase in Lp was observed (P < 0.001). The administration of @entity1827 or PGI2 after @entity5567 exposure attenuated the peak increase in Lp caused by @entity5567 alone by 55% and 57%, respectively (P < 0.001). We conclude that @entity1827 and PGI2 administration before @entity5567 exposure prevents @entity5567 -induced elevations in Lp, and in a more clinically relevant situation, @entity1827 and PGI2 administered after @entity5567 exposure attenuate the @entity5567 -induced increase in Lp. @entity1827 and PGI2 receptors may provide important therapeutic targets for decreasing the microvascular fluid leak-associated morbidity resulting from shock and @entity295 .

title: XXXX and prostacyclin attenuate increases in hydraulic permeability caused by platelet-activating factor in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1827 :: (24323(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Endothelin 1']


abstract: We have previously documented that @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) and prostacyclin (PGI2) decrease basal state hydraulic permeability (Lp). The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of @entity1827 and PGI2 to modulate transendothelial fluid flux during situations in which Lp was artificially elevated with platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ). We hypothesized that @entity1827 and PGI2 administration before @entity5567 exposure would prevent the increase in Lp secondary to @entity5567 . In addition, in a potentially more clinically relevant situation, we also hypothesized that @entity1827 and PGI2 administration after @entity5567 exposure would attenuate the increase in Lp secondary to @entity5567 . Microvascular Lp was measured in @entity35 mesenteric postcapillary venules. Exposure to 10 nM @entity5567 increased Lp 4-fold (P < 0.001). If the administration of 80 pM @entity1827 or 10 microM PGI2 was completed before @entity5567 exposure, no @entity5567 -associated increase in Lp was observed (P < 0.001). The administration of @entity1827 or PGI2 after @entity5567 exposure attenuated the peak increase in Lp caused by @entity5567 alone by 55% and 57%, respectively (P < 0.001). We conclude that @entity1827 and PGI2 administration before @entity5567 exposure prevents @entity5567 -induced elevations in Lp, and in a more clinically relevant situation, @entity1827 and PGI2 administered after @entity5567 exposure attenuate the @entity5567 -induced increase in Lp. @entity1827 and PGI2 receptors may provide important therapeutic targets for decreasing the microvascular fluid leak-associated morbidity resulting from shock and @entity295 .

title: @entity1827 and prostacyclin attenuate increases in hydraulic permeability caused by platelet-activating factor in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of implementing a critical path on use of proven efficacious therapies and outcomes in @entity1 admitted to a hospital with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The secondary objectives were to evaluate the use of unproven medications and to develop an understanding of the factors associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes in these @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A nonrandomized before-after study design was used to evaluate the efficacy of a critical path instrument in @entity1 admitted to hospital with @entity583 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 admitted with @entity583 in nine participating hospitals were enrolled in the study. The critical path instrument consisted of a locally developed, preprinted physician order form. Practice patterns were determined before (n = 2305) and after (n = 2349) implementation of the critical path by primary chart review. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for mortality was performed on a combined database of 6088 @entity583 @entity1 . RESULTS: The use of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ), @entity3362 , and beta blockers increased significantly by 3%, 2%, and 9%, respectively, after implementation of the critical path. Use of thrombolytics remained stable at 41%, and @entity460 channel blocker use decreased significantly by 8%. In-hospital mortality decreased by 1%. There was less use of @entity1281 , @entity3362 , beta blockers, and thrombolytic therapy in @entity1 and the elderly. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age was associated with increased mortality risk, whereas @entity1281 , beta blockers, @entity3362 , and @entity460 channel blockers were associated with reduced mortality risk. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a critical path resulted in increased use of proven efficacious therapies, reduced use of noneffective therapy, and a trend toward reduced mortality.

title: Influence of a critical path management tool in the treatment of XXXX . Clinical Quality Improvement Network Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a phase 4 study of @entity1 registered with the UK TOBY Cooling Register from December 2006 to February 2008. The registry was established on completion of enrolLment to the TOBY randomised trial of treatment with whole body @entity2332 following perinatal @entity1763 at the end of November 2006. METHODS: We collected information about @entity1 characteristics, @entity558 at birth, resuscitation details, severity of @entity75 , hourly temperature record, clinical complications and outcomes before hospital discharge. RESULTS: 120 @entity1 born at a median of 40 (IQR 38-41) weeks' gestation and weighing a median of 3287 (IQR 2895-3710) g at birth were studied. Cooling was started at a median of 3 h 54 min (IQR 2 h-5 h 32 min) after birth. All but three @entity1 underwent whole body cooling. The mean (SD) rectal temperature from 6 to 72 h of the cooling period was 33.57 degrees C (0.51 degrees C). The daily @entity75 score fell: median (IQR) 11 (6-15), 9.7 (5-14), 8 (5-13) and 7 (2-12) on days 1-4 after birth, respectively. 51% of the @entity1 established full oral feeding at a median (range) of 9 (4-24) days. 26% of the study @entity1 died. MRI was consistent with @entity519 -ischaemia in most cases. Clinical complications were not considered to be due to @entity2332 . CONCLUSION: In the UK, therapeutic @entity2332 following perinatal @entity1763 is increasingly being provided. The target body temperature is successfully achieved and the clinical complications observed were not attributed to @entity2332 . Treatment with @entity2332 may have prevented the worsening of the @entity75 that is commonly observed following @entity1763 .

title: Treatment of asphyxiated newborns with moderate XXXX in routine clinical practice: how cooling is managed in the UK outside a clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['condition']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to use laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy to elucidate the location and morphology of stromal nerves in the normal @entity1 central @entity267 . METHODS: Analysis was performed via an established database of laser-scanning in vivo confocal microscopy on images of the central @entity267 of normal subjects. The depth and morphology of the stromal nerves were determined. RESULTS: The population of this study consisted of 99 eyes of 99 healthy subjects (38 male, 61 female). The mean age of the group was 34.7 (SD 13.3, range 13-84) years. Two morphologically different populations of stromal nerves were observed: (1) straight, @entity1781 with a beaded appearance. The mean recorded depth of straight stromal nerves (186 (SD 66) mum) was significantly deeper than the mean depth of the tortuous stromal nerves (140 (SD 87) mum) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The current study identified two morphologically distinct stromal nerve populations in the normal @entity1 @entity267 . We hypothesise that the two morphological nerve populations described here may represent functionally heterogeneous nerves. Further research is required to determine if these in fact represent different types of sensory nerves.

title: Laser-scanning in vivo confocal microscopy reveals two morphologically distinct populations of stromal nerves in normal XXXX corneas.

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['dichotomous branching nerves; and (2) tortuous nerves']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1078 [ @entity17418 ] occurs in the apical plasma membrane of growing pollen tubes. Because enzymes responsible for @entity17418 production at that location are uncharacterized, functions of @entity17418 in pollen tube tip growth are unresolved. Two candidate genes encoding pollen-expressed @entity958 @entity1076 5-kinases (PI4P 5-kinases) of @entity958 subfamily B were identified ( @entity71104 and @entity71105 ), and their recombinant proteins were characterized as being PI4P 5-kinases. Pollen of T-DNA insertion lines deficient in both @entity71104 and @entity71105 exhibited reduced pollen germination and defects in pollen tube elongation. Fluorescence-tagged @entity71104 and @entity71105 localized to an apical plasma membrane microdomain in @entity958 and @entity286 ( @entity286 ) pollen tubes, and overexpression of either @entity71104 or @entity71105 triggered multiple tip branching events. Further studies using the @entity286 system revealed that overexpression caused massive apical pectin deposition accompanied by plasma membrane invaginations. By contrast, callose deposition and cytoskeletal structures were unaltered in the overexpressors. Morphological effects depended on @entity17418 production, as an inactive enzyme variant did not produce any effects. The data indicate that excessive @entity17418 production by type B PI4P 5-kinases disturbs the balance of membrane trafficking and apical pectin deposition. Polar tip growth of pollen tubes may thus be modulated by @entity17418 via regulatory effects on membrane trafficking and/or apical pectin deposition.

title: Type B XXXX 5-kinases mediate @entity958 and @entity286 pollen tube growth by regulating apical pectin secretion.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Nicotiana tabacum']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate']

answer: @entity1076 :: (MESH:C037178,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate']


abstract: @entity1078 [ @entity17418 ] occurs in the apical plasma membrane of growing pollen tubes. Because enzymes responsible for @entity17418 production at that location are uncharacterized, functions of @entity17418 in pollen tube tip growth are unresolved. Two candidate genes encoding pollen-expressed @entity958 @entity1076 5-kinases (PI4P 5-kinases) of @entity958 subfamily B were identified ( @entity71104 and @entity71105 ), and their recombinant proteins were characterized as being PI4P 5-kinases. Pollen of T-DNA insertion lines deficient in both @entity71104 and @entity71105 exhibited reduced pollen germination and defects in pollen tube elongation. Fluorescence-tagged @entity71104 and @entity71105 localized to an apical plasma membrane microdomain in @entity958 and @entity286 ( @entity286 ) pollen tubes, and overexpression of either @entity71104 or @entity71105 triggered multiple tip branching events. Further studies using the @entity286 system revealed that overexpression caused massive apical pectin deposition accompanied by plasma membrane invaginations. By contrast, callose deposition and cytoskeletal structures were unaltered in the overexpressors. Morphological effects depended on @entity17418 production, as an inactive enzyme variant did not produce any effects. The data indicate that excessive @entity17418 production by type B PI4P 5-kinases disturbs the balance of membrane trafficking and apical pectin deposition. Polar tip growth of pollen tubes may thus be modulated by @entity17418 via regulatory effects on membrane trafficking and/or apical pectin deposition.

title: Type B @entity1076 5-kinases mediate @entity958 and XXXX pollen tube growth by regulating apical pectin secretion.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Nicotiana tabacum']


abstract: @entity1078 [ @entity17418 ] occurs in the apical plasma membrane of growing pollen tubes. Because enzymes responsible for @entity17418 production at that location are uncharacterized, functions of @entity17418 in pollen tube tip growth are unresolved. Two candidate genes encoding pollen-expressed @entity958 @entity1076 5-kinases (PI4P 5-kinases) of @entity958 subfamily B were identified ( @entity71104 and @entity71105 ), and their recombinant proteins were characterized as being PI4P 5-kinases. Pollen of T-DNA insertion lines deficient in both @entity71104 and @entity71105 exhibited reduced pollen germination and defects in pollen tube elongation. Fluorescence-tagged @entity71104 and @entity71105 localized to an apical plasma membrane microdomain in @entity958 and @entity286 ( @entity286 ) pollen tubes, and overexpression of either @entity71104 or @entity71105 triggered multiple tip branching events. Further studies using the @entity286 system revealed that overexpression caused massive apical pectin deposition accompanied by plasma membrane invaginations. By contrast, callose deposition and cytoskeletal structures were unaltered in the overexpressors. Morphological effects depended on @entity17418 production, as an inactive enzyme variant did not produce any effects. The data indicate that excessive @entity17418 production by type B PI4P 5-kinases disturbs the balance of membrane trafficking and apical pectin deposition. Polar tip growth of pollen tubes may thus be modulated by @entity17418 via regulatory effects on membrane trafficking and/or apical pectin deposition.

title: Type B @entity1076 5-kinases mediate XXXX and @entity286 pollen tube growth by regulating apical pectin secretion.

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: @entity600 is one of the common causes of mortality and morbidity in neonates and the incidence is 2-9 per 1,000 live borns. The present work is a retrospective hospital based observational study. Babies born at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal during the period from April 2002 to April 2003 with gestational age >or=37 weeks with Apgar score <or=6 at 5 minutes were included in the study. The aim was to study the clinical profile, the acid base parameters and the outcome of asphyxiated newborns. Babies with @entity154 , evidence of @entity281 and maternal drug addiction were excluded from the study. All babies were resuscitated according to the guidelines of American Heart Association. Data on 50 @entity600 cases were tabulated and analysed. There were 10 (20%) cases of severe @entity600 (Apgar score: 1-3 ) and 40 (80%) cases of moderate @entity600 (Apgar score: 4-6). Staging of @entity75 ( @entity75 ) was performed according to Sarnat's staging. Thirty percent of these cases presented with various stages of @entity75 and the incidence was higher in low Apgar score group. The common presentations of @entity75 cases had @entity308 neonatal reflexes, @entity410 , lethargy, and @entity2300 . The common acid base disturbance was @entity520 which was observed only in babies with @entity75 -3. Two neonates (4%) died during the hospital stay due to @entity177 and severe @entity520 .

title: Outcome of newborns with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth asphyxia', 'birth asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary abnormalities']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['birth asphyxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence and dissemination of resistance to @entity114 among @entity328 changed the approach to empiric antimicrobial therapy. AIM: To evaluate the in vitro susceptibility to @entity114 in all @entity2260 strains isolated in Puerto Montt Hospital between 1995 and 2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We revised all Microbiology Laboratory files of this period. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility study methods for @entity2260 did not change during the study period. RESULTS: Six hundred eighteen @entity2260 strains were identified. Of these, 66% came from adults and 48% from invasive diseases. Only 1.9% of strains were @entity114 resistant and 7.6% had intermediate sensibility. Strains isolated from @entity1 and those isolated from non sterile sources had non significantly higher resistance levels. The susceptibility did not change along the years of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity2260 strains isolated at Puerto Montt Hospital, the prevalence of @entity114 resistance is low.

title: [ XXXX susceptibility in @entity328 strains isolated at Puerto Montt Hospital between 1995 and 2003].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S pneumoniae', 'S. pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['Penicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence and dissemination of resistance to @entity114 among @entity328 changed the approach to empiric antimicrobial therapy. AIM: To evaluate the in vitro susceptibility to @entity114 in all @entity2260 strains isolated in Puerto Montt Hospital between 1995 and 2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We revised all Microbiology Laboratory files of this period. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility study methods for @entity2260 did not change during the study period. RESULTS: Six hundred eighteen @entity2260 strains were identified. Of these, 66% came from adults and 48% from invasive diseases. Only 1.9% of strains were @entity114 resistant and 7.6% had intermediate sensibility. Strains isolated from @entity1 and those isolated from non sterile sources had non significantly higher resistance levels. The susceptibility did not change along the years of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity2260 strains isolated at Puerto Montt Hospital, the prevalence of @entity114 resistance is low.

title: [ @entity114 susceptibility in XXXX strains isolated at Puerto Montt Hospital between 1995 and 2003].

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Anatomically and functionally defined neuron types are sometimes further classified into individual subtypes based on unique functional or molecular properties. To better understand how developmental programs controlling neuron type specification are mechanistically linked to programs controlling neuronal subtype specification, we have analyzed a neuronal subtype specification program that occurs across the left/right axis in the nervous system of the @entity2199 @entity2199 . A terminal selector transcription factor, @entity71106 , is required for the specification of the ASE neuron class, and a gene regulatory feedback loop of transcription factors and miRNAs is required to diversify the two ASE neurons into an asymmetric left and right subtype (ASEL and ASER). However, the link between the @entity71106 -dependent ASE neuron class specification and the ensuing left-right subtype specification program is poorly understood. We show here that @entity71106 has genetically separable functions in controlling bilaterally symmetric ASE neuron class specification and the ensuing left-right subtype specification program. Both neuron class specification and asymmetric subclass specification depend on @entity71106 -binding sites (;ASE motifs') in symmetrically and asymmetrically expressed target genes, but in the case of asymmetrically expressed target genes, the activity of the ASE motif is modulated through a diverse set of additional cis-regulatory elements. Depending on the target gene, these cis-regulatory elements either promote or inhibit the activity of @entity71106 . The activity of these L/R asymmetric cis-regulatory elements is indirectly controlled by @entity71106 itself, revealing a feed-forward loop configuration in which @entity71106 restricts its own activity. Relative binding affinity of @entity71106 to ASE motifs also depends on whether a gene is expressed bilaterally or in a left/right asymmetric manner. Our analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuronal subtype specification, demonstrating that the activity of a neuron type-specific selector gene is modulated by a variety of distinct means to diversify individual neuron classes into specific subclasses. It also suggests that feed-forward loop motifs may be a prominent feature of neuronal diversification events.

title: Cis-regulatory mechanisms of left/right asymmetric neuron-subtype specification in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1290 in Hong Kong, and awareness of corresponding prevention strategies. DESIGN: Telephone public survey. SETTING: Hong Kong community. @entity1 . A public telephone survey concerning the occurrence of @entity8 and the public awareness of the condition was performed. Respondents whose telephone numbers were randomly selected by computer and the family member of the household who had the closest birthday to that date was chosen for interview. Data collected were further adjusted for the gender and age distribution of the Hong Kong population in mid-2007. RESULTS: A total of 1010 Hong Kong citizens aged 18 years or above were successfully interviewed in November 2007. Among them, 25 respondents themselves had a history of @entity1290 , yielding a point prevalence of 2.5%. In addition, 70 respondents had family members with a history of @entity1290 , yielding an estimated household point prevalence of 6.9%. Stone @entity1 were mainly older, male, and imbibed less fluids than the average for all respondents. The public's concepts with regard to the diet necessary and the importance of taking more fluid to prevent stone formation was poor. CONCLUSION: Hong Kong has a relatively low prevalence of @entity8 , compared to neighbouring areas. However, the local public and affected @entity1 had little knowledge and awareness about this important health problem.

title: A report on a randomly sampled questionnaire survey about XXXX in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stone', 'renal stones']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal stone disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal stone disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is ongoing controversy as to the indications for and extent of lateral cervical lymphadenectomy for @entity1 with @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). While most now agree that prophylactic lymph node dissections (LND) play no role, at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) we limit LND selectively on a level by level basis, and resect only the levels thought to @entity66 or to be at increased risk of @entity3 . This initial 'selective LND' usually includes levels III and IV (due to the well-documented increased likelihood of @entity3 to these levels) and levels I, II, and V are included when there is clinical or radiological evidence of disease or increased risk of it. METHODS: A retrospective review of the clinical charts and hospital records of 106 consecutive @entity1 who had metastatic @entity3557 and who underwent at least one lateral cervical LND at UCSF between January 1995 and December 2003 was carried out. Data were collected to assess which @entity1 had levels I, II, and/or V included in their initial ipsilateral and/or contralateral LND and to determine the recurrence rates at these levels if they had previously been excised compared with if they had not. Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were utilized for statistical comparison, where appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 140 initial lateral LND were performed: 104 ipsilateral and 36 contralateral. In these initial LND, 3.9%, 72.5%, and 18.6% of @entity1 had levels I, II, and V resected on the ipsilateral side, and 2.9%, 60.0%, and 37.1% of @entity1 had levels I, II, and V resected on the contralateral side. Recurrence at levels I and V was uncommon in all @entity1 populations. Recurrence at level II was 19% ipsilaterally and 10% contralaterally when the level was previously resected and 21% ipsilaterally and 14% contralaterally when the level was not previously resected. There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence at level II when the level had previously been resected compared with when it had not. CONCLUSIONS: If utilized in the appropriate @entity1 population, a selective approach to lateral cervical LND for @entity3557 can be a successful alternative to the routine modified radical LND. Levels I and V do not require resection unless there is clinical or radiological evidence of disease. Guidelines for which @entity1 may be considered for this less aggressive approach to level II nodal @entity3 are suggested.

title: Selective modified radical neck dissection for XXXX -is level I, II and V dissection always necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['harbor disease']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Breast-conserving surgery is now accepted as one of the standard therapeutic options for stages I and II @entity0 . Although breast-conserving surgery can help retain a good breast shape, a long marked scar would be a disadvantage. Endoscopic surgery can be performed via a small and remote incision that becomes inconspicuous after surgery. To improve the cosmetic outcome, endoscopic breast-conserving surgery, which can be performed through minimal axillary and periareolar semicircular incisions, was undertaken. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From October 2002 to October 2004, 20 @entity0 @entity1 whose @entity5 sizes were less than 3 cm and who were clinically node negative without invasion to the skin and pectoralis major muscle underwent endoscopic breast-conserving surgery. First, endoscopic dye-guided sentinel node biopsy was done through a low transverse axillary incision lateral to the pectoralis major muscle. The subpectoral pocket was gently created by Vein Harvest under the view of endoscopic monitor. We made the periareolar semicircular incision to create the skin flap and to resect the @entity5 -containing quadrant by using Visiport and PowerStar scissors. Frozen-section biopsies were done to rule out @entity5 invasion to the resection margin. @entity1 characteristics, @entity5 characteristics, operation time, and amount of bleedings were all evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 45 (range: 25-64). The mean @entity5 size was 2.2 cm (range: 0.2-4.0 cm). The average operation time of the early 9 cases, except the 3 cases that underwent axillary-node dissection, was 178 minutes, and that of the later 8 cases was 130 minutes (P<0.001). The mean amount of @entity548 was 184+/-130 ml. There were no major complications. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic breast-conserving surgery is a new technique that can minimize the long operation scar of classic breast-conserving surgery. In properly selected cases, our results showed the maximized cosmetic satisfaction of the @entity0 @entity1 and a shortened operation time after the learning period, promising it could be an alternative to the classic breast-conserving surgery.

title: Endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['operative bleeding']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1963 , which consists of @entity1963 of the rectum and sometimes more proximal bowel, requires surgical removal of the aganglionic bowel and creation of ganglionated neorectum using proximal normally innervated bowel. The border between aganglionic and ganglionic bowel is irregular; the transition zone features variable quantities of @entity4494 cells and numerous large nerves. We report the histopathology of pull-through bowel segments resected because of poor postoperative outcome from 30 @entity1 (22 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ). The most common indication for reoperation was severe @entity1142 /obstruction. Transition zone (bowel with at least two nerves >= 40   m diameter per 400  high-power field, and @entity4494 cells) or aganglionic bowel (bowel with at least two nerves >= 40   m per high-power field diameter, but without @entity4494 cells) was found in 19/30 (63%) resections. In colons resected because of @entity1412 , rare high-power fields showed two enlarged nerves; the mean age of those @entity1 (135    49.4 months) was significantly higher than that of the @entity1 undergoing redo pull-through surgery (67.9    42.8 months). Additional pathology included @entity1964 . Although there are multiple causes for poor outcomes following surgical therapy for @entity1963 , abnormal innervation of the bowel used for pull-through is common. We recommend that intraoperative consultation at primary pull-through procedure include frozen section evaluation of the circumference of the bowel to be used for pull-through to confirm histologically the presence of both @entity4494 cells and normal-caliber nerves. The criteria used in this study are most suitable for @entity1 and young @entity1 .

title: Reoperation for XXXX : pathology of the resected problematic distal pull-through.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['stricture and enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['Hirschsprung disease', 'aganglionosis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung disease']


abstract: PURPOSE Based on 5-year or shorter-term follow-up data in recent randomized trials, adjuvant @entity900 -based chemotherapy is now generally recommended after complete surgical resection for @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We evaluated the results of the International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial study with three additional years of follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS @entity1 with completely resected @entity1149 were randomly assigned to three or four cycles of @entity900 -based chemotherapy or to observation. Cox models were used to evaluate treatment effect according to follow-up duration. Results The trial included 1,867 @entity1 with a median follow-up of 7.5 years. Results showed a beneficial effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.02; P = .10) and on disease-free survival (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.98; P = .02). However, there was a significant difference between the results of overall survival before and after 5 years of follow-up (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.97; P = .01 v HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.07; P = .04) with P = .006 for interaction. Similar results were observed for disease-free survival. The analysis of @entity2 deaths for the whole period showed an HR of 1.34 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.81; P = .06). CONCLUSION These results confirm the significant efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy at 5 years. The difference in results beyond 5 years of follow-up underscores the need for the long-term follow-up of other @entity2 trials and for a better identification of @entity1 deriving long-term benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Long-term results of the international @entity2 trial evaluating adjuvant XXXX -based chemotherapy in resected @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['non-lung cancer', 'adjuvant lung cancer']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE Based on 5-year or shorter-term follow-up data in recent randomized trials, adjuvant @entity900 -based chemotherapy is now generally recommended after complete surgical resection for @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We evaluated the results of the International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial study with three additional years of follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS @entity1 with completely resected @entity1149 were randomly assigned to three or four cycles of @entity900 -based chemotherapy or to observation. Cox models were used to evaluate treatment effect according to follow-up duration. Results The trial included 1,867 @entity1 with a median follow-up of 7.5 years. Results showed a beneficial effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.02; P = .10) and on disease-free survival (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.98; P = .02). However, there was a significant difference between the results of overall survival before and after 5 years of follow-up (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.97; P = .01 v HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.07; P = .04) with P = .006 for interaction. Similar results were observed for disease-free survival. The analysis of @entity2 deaths for the whole period showed an HR of 1.34 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.81; P = .06). CONCLUSION These results confirm the significant efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy at 5 years. The difference in results beyond 5 years of follow-up underscores the need for the long-term follow-up of other @entity2 trials and for a better identification of @entity1 deriving long-term benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Long-term results of the international XXXX trial evaluating adjuvant @entity900 -based chemotherapy in resected @entity2 .

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['adjuvant lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE Based on 5-year or shorter-term follow-up data in recent randomized trials, adjuvant @entity900 -based chemotherapy is now generally recommended after complete surgical resection for @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We evaluated the results of the International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial study with three additional years of follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS @entity1 with completely resected @entity1149 were randomly assigned to three or four cycles of @entity900 -based chemotherapy or to observation. Cox models were used to evaluate treatment effect according to follow-up duration. Results The trial included 1,867 @entity1 with a median follow-up of 7.5 years. Results showed a beneficial effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.02; P = .10) and on disease-free survival (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.98; P = .02). However, there was a significant difference between the results of overall survival before and after 5 years of follow-up (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.97; P = .01 v HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.07; P = .04) with P = .006 for interaction. Similar results were observed for disease-free survival. The analysis of @entity2 deaths for the whole period showed an HR of 1.34 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.81; P = .06). CONCLUSION These results confirm the significant efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy at 5 years. The difference in results beyond 5 years of follow-up underscores the need for the long-term follow-up of other @entity2 trials and for a better identification of @entity1 deriving long-term benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Long-term results of the international @entity2 trial evaluating adjuvant @entity900 -based chemotherapy in resected XXXX .

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the last ten years the introduction of various open mesh and laparoscopic techniques has increased the interest in @entity169 surgery. Anyway controversy persists about the most effective @entity169 . The aim of this study was to compare the results of open mesh technique and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair for @entity169 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We considered 584 @entity1 , 532 @entity1 and 52 @entity1 , between 19 and 86 years: 332 (56.8%) had open mesh repair and 252 (43.2%) laparoscopic TAPP repair of groin @entity547 . Operative time, complications, recurrences and time to normal activities were recorded in both groups (range follow-up 1-10 years). RESULTS: The median operative time was 71 min for open group and 92 min for TAPP group. No intraoperative complications were observed. @entity260 rate was 4,5% in @entity1 open group and 3% in TAPP group. The recurrence rate was less than 1% in both groups (0,6% for open repair and 0,4% for laparoscopic repair). Significant difference was observed in the median time to return to normal activities: 9,8 days in TAPP group versus 13,4 days in open approach. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience confirmed the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach to @entity169 as excellent alternative to conventional surgery. The reduction of operative time, complications and recurrences is correlated to the surgeon's experience and learning curve.

title: [Open mesh technique versus laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach in XXXX . Our experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complication']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: The frequency of insertion of prophylactic @entity6323 ( @entity6323 ) among traumatized @entity1 has increased nationally. That has placed a substantial operational and economic burden upon @entity130 centers. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast successful implantation, morbidity, and cost-effectiveness of prophylactic @entity6323 insertion in a surgical- @entity130 intensive care unit (STICU) versus an operating room (OR). A retrospective chart review was conducted of all @entity130 @entity1 who received a prophylactic @entity6323 at an urban Level I @entity130 center between January 1999 and December 2003. Data were collected to identify @entity1 demographics, indications, anatomical site of insertion, hospital location of insertion, hospital days before insertion, and complications associated with insertion. One hundred thirty-four @entity1 underwent prophylactic @entity6323 during the study period: seventy-eight (58%) in the OR and fifty-six (42%) in the STICU. The average age of @entity1 for the OR and STICU groups were 38.6 years and 39.6 years, respectively. The average number of days to @entity6323 insertion was 6.5 days and 7.0 days in the OR and STICU groups, respectively. Indications for @entity6323 among @entity1 who had placement in the OR were @entity130 (60%), @entity1566 (25%), and @entity542 (15%). Indications for @entity6323 among @entity1 who had placement in the STICU were @entity542 (38%), @entity130 (34%), and @entity1566 (25%). Three (3.8%) @entity1 in the OR group and two (3.6%) @entity1 in the STICU group required a change of anatomic insertion site from the femoral to the internal jugular vein. There were two (2.6%) complications associated with @entity6323 insertion in the OR and two (3.5%) complications associated with @entity6323 insertion in the STICU (P > 0.05). Insertion of @entity6323 in the STICU decreased @entity1 -cost by an average of dollar 1636 per @entity1 . Prophylactic @entity6323 insertion in an STICU is cost-effective and can be performed with similar success and complication rates to @entity6323 insertion in an OR.

title: Prophylactic inferior vena cava filter insertion for XXXX : intensive care unit versus operating room.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava filters', 'IVCF']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic injury', 'orthopedic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: A 58-year-old @entity1 presented to the @entity341 with @entity2459 and significant @entity1163 while walking on the flat. The previous day he had undergone DC cardioversion for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) which had been initially successful. However, 6 h after cardioversion he was aware of intermittently raised but regular heart rates. On arrival at the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) he was well with no haemodynamic compromise. The ECG showed an @entity591 instead of @entity955 . Medications consisted of @entity2779 300 mg twice daily, @entity2179 5 mg at night and @entity1229 . @entity2179 was increased to 5 mg twice daily and he was discharged with a plan for outpatient ablation. He collapsed in the hospital car park with rapid palpitations, chest tightness and @entity1109 . On return to the @entity341 he was @entity551 with a heart rate of 200 bpm. The ECG showed 1:1 atrioventricular conduction (AV) of the @entity591 which promptly improved after administering intravenous @entity2165 . Class 1c antiarrhythmic agents such as @entity2779 can precipitate 1:1 AV conduction of @entity591 resulting in dangerous exacerbations of ventricular rate or even malignant @entity591 . It is therefore essential that concomitant AV blocking agents are used both prophylactically or acutely in suspected cases.

title: XXXX with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction precipitated by @entity2779 .

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['vagal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardias', 'atrial tachycardia', 'tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol', 'Bisoprolol']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden onset rapid palpitations']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['Atrial tachycardia']


abstract: A 58-year-old @entity1 presented to the @entity341 with @entity2459 and significant @entity1163 while walking on the flat. The previous day he had undergone DC cardioversion for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) which had been initially successful. However, 6 h after cardioversion he was aware of intermittently raised but regular heart rates. On arrival at the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) he was well with no haemodynamic compromise. The ECG showed an @entity591 instead of @entity955 . Medications consisted of @entity2779 300 mg twice daily, @entity2179 5 mg at night and @entity1229 . @entity2179 was increased to 5 mg twice daily and he was discharged with a plan for outpatient ablation. He collapsed in the hospital car park with rapid palpitations, chest tightness and @entity1109 . On return to the @entity341 he was @entity551 with a heart rate of 200 bpm. The ECG showed 1:1 atrioventricular conduction (AV) of the @entity591 which promptly improved after administering intravenous @entity2165 . Class 1c antiarrhythmic agents such as @entity2779 can precipitate 1:1 AV conduction of @entity591 resulting in dangerous exacerbations of ventricular rate or even malignant @entity591 . It is therefore essential that concomitant AV blocking agents are used both prophylactically or acutely in suspected cases.

title: @entity591 with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction precipitated by XXXX .

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: @entity65 morbidity is not well documented in Spain, due to the fact that there is no comprehensive and reliable data source. This study sought to describe the population frequency of @entity299 and @entity66 in Spain. We used bibliographic search strategies in four different databases to identify scientific studies published in Spanish medical journals or by Spanish authors after 1990. We then selected studies drawn from population-based registers, prevalence surveys and cohort studies, from which age-adjusted incidence and/or prevalence rates could be extracted. We identified 19 papers published in the period 1993-2005, containing valid information on @entity65 population incidence or prevalence in Spain. Acute @entity583 incidence rates per 100,000 population ranged between 135-210 and 29-61 new cases annually for @entity1 and @entity1 aged 25-74 years, respectively. Acute @entity583 prevalence rates were not available, but a study of prevalence of angina showed rates of 7.3% in @entity1 and 7.5% in @entity1 . @entity66 incidence rates per 100,000 population ranged between 364 for @entity1 and 169 @entity1 , in aged 69 years and over rising to 2.371 in @entity1 and 1.493 in @entity1 . Prevalence rates in population aged 65 years and over would be estimated in 7% in @entity1 and 6% in @entity1 . Although currently available information may serve as an initial reference, monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of these diseases will nevertheless call for an effort which exceeds the capacity of isolated research teams.

title: [Incidence and prevalence of @entity299 and XXXX in Spain: a systematic review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular disease', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: @entity65 morbidity is not well documented in Spain, due to the fact that there is no comprehensive and reliable data source. This study sought to describe the population frequency of @entity299 and @entity66 in Spain. We used bibliographic search strategies in four different databases to identify scientific studies published in Spanish medical journals or by Spanish authors after 1990. We then selected studies drawn from population-based registers, prevalence surveys and cohort studies, from which age-adjusted incidence and/or prevalence rates could be extracted. We identified 19 papers published in the period 1993-2005, containing valid information on @entity65 population incidence or prevalence in Spain. Acute @entity583 incidence rates per 100,000 population ranged between 135-210 and 29-61 new cases annually for @entity1 and @entity1 aged 25-74 years, respectively. Acute @entity583 prevalence rates were not available, but a study of prevalence of angina showed rates of 7.3% in @entity1 and 7.5% in @entity1 . @entity66 incidence rates per 100,000 population ranged between 364 for @entity1 and 169 @entity1 , in aged 69 years and over rising to 2.371 in @entity1 and 1.493 in @entity1 . Prevalence rates in population aged 65 years and over would be estimated in 7% in @entity1 and 6% in @entity1 . Although currently available information may serve as an initial reference, monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of these diseases will nevertheless call for an effort which exceeds the capacity of isolated research teams.

title: [Incidence and prevalence of XXXX and @entity66 in Spain: a systematic review of the literature].

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, heart, lung, and testes of @entity35 after exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP). METHODS: Eighteen adult male @entity35 were divided into sham and exposure groups. The exposure groups received EMP at 200 kV/m for 200 pulses with a repetition rate of 1 Hz. The expression of TJ proteins ( @entity10261 , @entity659 , actin) in the several organs was examined by western blotting. RESULTS: @entity10261 levels in the cerebral cortex decreased 1 h and 3 h after EMP exposure compared with sham group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed for @entity659 and actin. @entity10261 levels in the hippocampus increased 1 h and 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05), and @entity659 decreased after 3 h (P<0.05); however, actin was unaffected. @entity10261 levels in the heart increased 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05), @entity659 decreased 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05), and actin increased 1 h and 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05). @entity10261 , @entity659 and actin levels in the lung decreased compared with those in the sham group (P<0.05). @entity10261 and @entity659 levels in the testes decreased 1 h and 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05), but actin showed no significant change. CONCLUSION: Exposure to EMP altered the expression levels of TJ proteins, particularly @entity10261 , in the organs of adult male @entity35 , which may induce changes in barrier structure and function.

title: The effects of electromagnetic pulse on the protein levels of tight junction associated-proteins in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, heart, lung, and testis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and @entity3976 of the lateral recess of sphenoid sinuses are rare findings. A congenital bony defect in the lateral wall of sphenoid sinus called Sternberg's canal could be the origin of these lesions. Their endoscopic transnasal management is challenging though less traumatic than transcranial approaches. The aim of this study was to define Sternberg's canal as a potential source for these rare lesions and to describe their endoscopic endonasal management. METHODS: In a retrospective analysis clinical charts of 27 @entity1 with CSF-leaks and / or @entity3976 operated between March 2002 and October 2008 at the University ENT-hospital Graz have been reviewed. All @entity1 were treated by an endoscopic endonasal approach. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (4 female / 1 male) were identified with spontaneous CSF-leaks from sphenoid sinus and @entity3976 . In all five cases, Sternberg's canal was the site of leakage, with the bony and dural defects always located laterally between the @entity9 . Mean age was 51.2 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.9 kg/m2. All @entity1 were operated using a multilayer closure technique. Two @entity1 had recurrences after 12 days and 7 months, respectively, managed by endoscopic revision surgery resulting in a 100% closure rate after one revision (mean follow-up: 6.5 months). CONCLUSION: Persisting Sternberg's canal can be the source of spontaneous CSF-leaks and @entity3976 in the lateral recess of sphenoid sinus especially when associated with extensive pneumatisation. Endoscopic management is technically challenging, nevertheless its advantages are a good view of the surgical field while being less traumatic than transcranial approaches.

title: Spontaneous CSF-leaks and XXXX in sphenoid sinus by persisting Sternberg's canal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephaloceles']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary and Vidian nerves']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['meningoencephaloceles']


abstract: AIM: This long-term (10-year) study evaluated the safety and efficacy of expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) external valve support (EVS) implants used for external valvuloplasty in the treatment of @entity337 of the proximal long saphenous veins. METHODS: During a 10-year follow-up, @entity1 with superficial @entity66 and @entity101 due to pure superficial vein @entity337 underwent an external valvuloplasty using an EVS with a PTFE suture. Forty-nine @entity1 were included in the EVS group and 47 in the control group. @entity1 with superficial @entity66 and @entity101 due to pure superficial @entity1211 were randomised into two treatment groups. The first group was treated with what was considered "conventional treatment" (ligation or stripping) and the second with external valvuloplasty with EVS. This report deals with controls treated with ligation as only 6 cases (not mentioned in this report) were treated with stripping. There were no significant differences in the two groups concerning age, sex, or type of @entity4096 . The procedures focused on only one single limb per @entity1 . RESULTS: 46.9% of limbs treated with EVS developed varices in comparison with 73% in the control group. New surgical procedures (localized ligation) were needed in 32.6% of the EVS @entity1 vs. 55.3% in controls. Sclerotherapy was used in 42% of the EVS @entity1 vs. 72.34% in controls. At 10 years the SFJ was incompetent (reflux) in 2 EVS @entity1 (4%); one after 5 years and one after 7 years. There was no @entity337 at the level of the ligated junction in controls. There were 62 incompetent venous sites (1.26 per limb) in the EVS group vs. 96 new incompetent venous sites (2.04 per limb) in controls. In controls 10.63% of the limbs developed minor discolorations and signs due to mild CVI; none was observed in the EVS group. In all @entity5778 implants there was full restoration of competence at 1 year. CONCLUSION: EVS implants used to correct superficial @entity1211 at 10 years were well tolerated and produced good results on @entity337 and on the evolution of varicose veins.

title: Gore external valve support for superficial saphenous vein XXXX : a 10-year, follow-up registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous incompetence']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['incompetence']


abstract: AIM: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in subjects with @entity1375 under therapy with @entity2016 might be the cause of the side effects commonly found with this treatment. METHODS: Twenty-four subjects of both sexes (11 M and 15 F), aged between 41 and 61 years, with @entity1375 were assessed. All the subjects were followed for 30 days during the administration of a fixed dose of 75  g of @entity2016 . Levels of T4, T3, TSH, @entity8415 (as measure of @entity66 ), hs-CRP were determined in plasma before and after the treatment. Side effects ( @entity148 / @entity2146 , sweating, palpitations and @entity10 ) and number of days of discomfort were measured for 15 days before and for two subsequent 15-day periods. RESULTS: Administration of @entity2016 satisfactorily balanced the @entity1375 . A high level of @entity8415 , 370    27.7 U. @entity17978 . (Carratelli Units: 1 U. @entity17978 . = 0.08 mg of @entity274 /L), was observed before treatment, and @entity2016 administration further increased the level up to 435    39.5 U. @entity17978 (p<0.05). The treatment produces a significant increase in hs-CRP, from 3.2    2.32 to 4.0    1.27 mg/L (P<0.05). Side effects, almost absent at the baseline 15-day control, occurred with high frequencies during the treatment: between 9.6    1.14 days/15 days for sweating and 14.1    0.93 days/15 days for palpitations. Some side effects were found to be linearly correlated with @entity8415 (r=0.641, P<0.01 and r=0.658, P<0.01 respectively) or with hs-CRP, as in the case of @entity148 / @entity2146 (r=0.629, P<0.01). Following @entity2016 administration the days of discomfort turned out to be particularly prominent during the two subsequent 15-day controls (3.8    0.75 and 4.8    0.78 days respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1375 and therapy with @entity2016 at a dose of 75  g/day cause @entity66 . Side effects following @entity2016 therapy depend on @entity66 and cause daily discomfort and loss of working activity in about 1/3 of the days considered.

title: XXXX following administration of levothyroxine in subjects suffering from @entity1375 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism', 'Primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Oxidative stress']


abstract: AIM: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in subjects with @entity1375 under therapy with @entity2016 might be the cause of the side effects commonly found with this treatment. METHODS: Twenty-four subjects of both sexes (11 M and 15 F), aged between 41 and 61 years, with @entity1375 were assessed. All the subjects were followed for 30 days during the administration of a fixed dose of 75  g of @entity2016 . Levels of T4, T3, TSH, @entity8415 (as measure of @entity66 ), hs-CRP were determined in plasma before and after the treatment. Side effects ( @entity148 / @entity2146 , sweating, palpitations and @entity10 ) and number of days of discomfort were measured for 15 days before and for two subsequent 15-day periods. RESULTS: Administration of @entity2016 satisfactorily balanced the @entity1375 . A high level of @entity8415 , 370    27.7 U. @entity17978 . (Carratelli Units: 1 U. @entity17978 . = 0.08 mg of @entity274 /L), was observed before treatment, and @entity2016 administration further increased the level up to 435    39.5 U. @entity17978 (p<0.05). The treatment produces a significant increase in hs-CRP, from 3.2    2.32 to 4.0    1.27 mg/L (P<0.05). Side effects, almost absent at the baseline 15-day control, occurred with high frequencies during the treatment: between 9.6    1.14 days/15 days for sweating and 14.1    0.93 days/15 days for palpitations. Some side effects were found to be linearly correlated with @entity8415 (r=0.641, P<0.01 and r=0.658, P<0.01 respectively) or with hs-CRP, as in the case of @entity148 / @entity2146 (r=0.629, P<0.01). Following @entity2016 administration the days of discomfort turned out to be particularly prominent during the two subsequent 15-day controls (3.8    0.75 and 4.8    0.78 days respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1375 and therapy with @entity2016 at a dose of 75  g/day cause @entity66 . Side effects following @entity2016 therapy depend on @entity66 and cause daily discomfort and loss of working activity in about 1/3 of the days considered.

title: @entity66 following administration of levothyroxine in subjects suffering from XXXX .

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['primary hypothyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between @entity102 and health risk behaviors and self-perceived health status by gender. METHODS: A total of 39.821 adults (30+ years old) who participated in the system Vigil  ncia de Fatores de Risco e Prote    o para Doen  as Cr  nicas por Inqu  rito Telef  nico (VIGITEL--Telephone-Based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for @entity102 ) carried out in 27 Brazilian capitals in 2006 were included in the study. The dependent variable was medical diagnosis reporting of @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity583 or @entity64 . Respondents were grouped into three categories: no disease; one @entity102 ; and two or more. The associations between the dependent variable and sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors (smoking, consumption of fatty meat and whole milk, leisure-time physical inactivity, low fruit and vegetable intake and intake of added salt) and self-perceived health status were assessed in @entity1 and @entity1 using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity102 reporting was higher among older @entity1 and @entity1 with lower schooling, BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 and who were on a diet. There was an inverse association between number of risk behaviors and two or more @entity102 (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.54;0.76 among @entity1 and OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77;0.97 among @entity1 ). Those @entity1 (OR: 33.61; 95% CI: 15.70;71.93) and @entity1 (OR: 13.02; 95% CI: 6.86; 24.73) who self-perceived their health as poor reported more @entity102 . There was no statistical interaction between self-perceived health status and gender. CONCLUSIONS: An inverse association between number of risk behaviors and reporting of two or more @entity102 suggests a reverse causality and/or higher survival rates among those who take better care of themselves. @entity1 seem to have poorer perception of their health status compared to @entity1 , after adjustment for confounders.

title: XXXX , self-perceived health status and health risk behaviors: gender differences.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'Chronic disease', 'Chronic Diseases', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic diseases']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is an @entity792 characterized by the lack of insulin due to an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Here, we report a unique case of a family with naturally conceived quadruplets in which @entity1723 was diagnosed in two quadruplets simultaneously. At the same time, the third quadruplet was diagnosed with the pre- @entity6 stage. Remarkably, all four quadruplets were positive for anti-islet cell antibodies, @entity1840 and IA-A2. Monozygotic status of the quadruplets was confirmed by testing 14 different short tandem repeat polymorphisms. Serological examination confirmed that all quadruplets and their father suffered from a recent enteroviral infection of EV68-71 serotype. To assess the nature of the molecular pathological processes contributing to the development of @entity6 , immunocompetent cells isolated from all family members were characterized by gene expression arrays, immune-cell enumerations and cytokine-production assays. The microarray data provided evidence that @entity1800 , and @entity20300 and @entity4666 cytokine signalling contributed to the onset of @entity1723 in two of the quadruplets. The propensity of stimulated immunocompetent cells from non- @entity6 members of the family to secrete high level of @entity686 further corroborates this conclusion. The number of T regulatory cells as well as plasmacytoid and/or myeloid dendritic cells was found diminished in all family members. Thus, this unique family is a prime example for the support of the so-called 'fertile-field' hypothesis proposing that genetic predisposition to anti-islet autoimmunity is 'fertilized' and precipitated by a @entity1800 leading to a fully blown @entity1723 .

title: Case report: type 1 XXXX in monozygotic quadruplets.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes', 'T1D']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity995 is the commonest childhood primary @entity5 that is often characterized by spontaneous regression. They display photoreceptor differentiation. This study provides the clinical presentations and histological profiles of @entity995 in Ilorin, Kwara-State, in the North Central geo-political zone of Nigeria. A retrospective study of clinically and histologically verified @entity995 at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara-State, Nigeria from January 1989 to December 2000 was undertaken. The clinical and histological features were analyzed using the @entity1 's case folder and surgical pathology records. There were 20 @entity1 , 9 males and 11 females (M:F ratio 1: 1.2), age range from 5 (1/2) months to 6 years with 23 @entity5 histologically confirmed @entity995 during the study period. Proptosis with chemosis was the most common clinical presentation (84.6 %). Bilaterality was 15 % in this study. Enucleation and Exenteration combined with chemotherapy were offered to 15 (75 %) and 5 (25 %) @entity1 respectively. A poorly differentiated type with extensive areas of @entity5 @entity39 was the commonest histological pattern. Thirteen (65 %) of the @entity1 died before completing the course of chemotherapy.

title: XXXX --a clinico-pathological study in Ilorin, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['eyeball tumours', 'malignant intraocular neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: We investigated the effect of multiple-unit umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation on engraftment in the setting of severe human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch. Ten poor-risk adult @entity1 with @entity1583 received multiple unit, HLA-unmatched, sex-mismatched, unrelated UCB transplantation after a reduced intensity-conditioning regimen (RICR) with engraftment as the primary endpoint. The median age of the @entity1 was 55 years with a range of 28-67. @entity1 received one unit of UCB per 10 kg of recipient body weight (5-7 units). The median number of nucleated cells and @entity2280 (+) cells per kilogram of recipient body weight infused was 6.3 x 10(7) (range 3.8-10.0) (NC/kg) and 5.7 x 10(5) (range 1.1-11.9) ( @entity2280 /kg), respectively. Three @entity1 expired before day 28 and were not evaluable for engraftment. Five of the remaining 7 @entity1 showed increasing neutrophil counts. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the Y chromosome or HLA-typing showed only donor cells in the peripheral blood. After engraftment, HLA typing was done on 3 @entity1 and their infused UCB units. All revealed the presence of a single HLA type concordant with one of the infused units. Moreover, the order of infusion did not influence which UCB unit engrafted. The engrafting UCB units were infused first or second in one case and fourth in the other two. One @entity1 transplanted for refractory @entity981 ( @entity981 ) survives in continuous complete remission 4 years after transplant. He engrafted with one UCB unit, is fully hematologically reconstituted, has no evidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), and takes no immunosuppressive medication. HLA typing reveals that the recipient and the engrafted cord blood match at only one HLA-B locus using conventional 6 antigen typing (A, B, and DR). Although engraftment was not accelerated, it did occur in the majority of evaluable @entity1 . Long-term disease-free survivorship without debilitating @entity2132 is possible in @entity1 with refractory @entity1583 who receive unmatched multiple unit UCB.

title: Multiple unit HLA-unmatched sex-mismatched umbilical cord blood transplantation for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancy']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancy']