abstract: BACKGROUND: The expression pattern and function of miRs in the @entity159 ( @entity159 ) @entity35 are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-181b in the post- @entity159 @entity35 . METHODS: The @entity1091 - @entity2134 -induced @entity159 model was established in @entity35 . The expression of miR-181b in @entity35 blood and hippocampus was confirmed by RT-PCR at 24 hous and 7 days post- @entity159 . The expression of @entity72268 , @entity49547 , and @entity1976 was detected by RT-PCR and western blot. After the @entity35 model was treated with LV-rno-mir181b and LV-anti-181b-5p, the expression change of miR-181b, @entity72268 , @entity49547 , and @entity1976 was examined again. The effects of altering the expression of miR-181b on neurone cell apoptosis post- @entity159 were assessed. RESULTS: The expression of miR-181b significantly decreased both in post- @entity159 @entity35 hippocampus and peripheral blood at 24 hours and 7 days (p<0.05). @entity72268 is up-regulated, however, @entity49547 and @entity1976 are down-regulated (p<0.05). LV-miR-181b treatment induced down-regulation of @entity72268 and up-regulation of @entity49547 and @entity1976 (p<0.05). Neurone cell apoptosis decreased in miR-181b group and post- @entity159 @entity35 hippocampal (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed the low-expression of miR-181b in the hippocampus in a post- @entity159 @entity35 model. MiR-181b negatively regulated @entity72268 as an anti-apoptotic gene via Notch signaling pathway.

title: Mir-181b Functions as Anti-Apoptotic Gene in Post-Status Epilepticus via Modulation of XXXX and Notch Signaling Pathway.

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'post-status epilepticus']

answer: @entity72268 :: (499745(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Nrarp']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We combined alemtuzumab (Campath-1H, Berlex Laboratories, Montville, NJ) and @entity1140 (Tac) immunosuppression for intestinal and multivisceral transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 21 adult @entity1 received 24 grafts: 14 intestinal, nine multivisceral, and one liver-intestinal graft. Alemtuzumab was administered perioperatively in four doses with low-dose Tac (levels 10-15 ng/dL) and no maintenance @entity230 . Tac was substituted with @entity3446 in case of Tac-related complications. Suspected or mild rejections were treated with @entity230 . Moderate rejections were treated with @entity230 or OKT3. Severe rejections were treated with OKT3. RESULTS: Of the 16 @entity1 that were followed up for an average of 9 months, 12 are alive with functioning grafts. Two @entity1 experienced severe rejection, three experienced moderate rejection episodes, and seven experienced mild acute rejection episodes. Four @entity1 never developed acute rejection. Infectious complications included a @entity2803 and four @entity364 (related to central venous access). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of alemtuzumab and Tac therapy without @entity134 use seems to efficiently prevent acute rejection in a significant number of @entity1 without causing frequent @entity1292 .

title: Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) combined with XXXX in intestinal and multivisceral transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus enteritis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2133 is the most common late side-effect of radiotherapy to the @entity135 . Compared with conventional radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) can reduce irradiation of the parotid glands. We assessed the hypothesis that parotid-sparing IMRT reduces the incidence of severe @entity2133 . METHODS: We undertook a randomised controlled trial between Jan 21, 2003, and Dec 7, 2007, that compared conventional radiotherapy (control) with parotid-sparing IMRT. We randomly assigned @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity957 (T1-4, N0-3, M0) at six UK radiotherapy centres between the two radiotherapy techniques (1:1 ratio). A dose of 60 or 65 Gy was prescribed in 30 daily fractions given Monday to Friday. Treatment was not masked. Randomisation was by computer-generated permuted blocks and was stratified by centre and @entity5 site. Our primary endpoint was the proportion of @entity1 with grade 2 or worse @entity2133 at 12 months, as assessed by the Late Effects of Normal Tissue (LENT SOMA) scale. Analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis, with all @entity1 who had assessments included. Long-term follow-up of @entity1 is ongoing. This study is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial register, number ISRCTN48243537. FINDINGS: 47 @entity1 were assigned to each treatment arm. Median follow-up was 44  0 months (IQR 30  0-59  7). Six @entity1 from each group died before 12 months and seven @entity1 from the conventional radiotherapy and two from the IMRT group were not assessed at 12 months. At 12 months @entity2133 side-effects were reported in 73 of 82 alive @entity1 ; grade 2 or worse @entity2133 at 12 months was significantly lower in the IMRT group than in the conventional radiotherapy group (25 [74%; 95% CI 56-87] of 34 @entity1 given conventional radiotherapy vs 15 [38%; 23-55] of 39 given IMRT, p=0  0027). The only recorded acute adverse event of grade 2 or worse that differed significantly between the treatment groups was fatigue, which was more prevalent in the IMRT group (18 [41%; 99% CI 23-61] of 44 @entity1 given conventional radiotherapy vs 35 [74%; 55-89] of 47 given IMRT, p=0  0015). At 24 months, grade 2 or worse @entity2133 was significantly less common with IMRT than with conventional radiotherapy (20 [83%; 95% CI 63-95] of 24 @entity1 given conventional radiotherapy vs nine [29%; 14-48] of 31 given IMRT; p<0  0001). At 12 and 24 months, significant benefits were seen in recovery of saliva secretion with IMRT compared with conventional radiotherapy, as were clinically significant improvements in dry-mouth-specific and global quality of life scores. At 24 months, no significant differences were seen between randomised groups in non- @entity2133 late @entity137 , locoregional control, or overall survival. INTERPRETATION: Sparing the parotid glands with IMRT significantly reduces the incidence of @entity2133 and leads to recovery of saliva secretion and improvements in associated quality of life, and thus strongly supports a role for IMRT in @entity957 of the @entity135 . FUNDING: Cancer Research UK (CRUK/03/005).

title: Parotid-sparing intensity modulated versus conventional radiotherapy in XXXX (PARSPORT): a phase 3 multicentre randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia', 'Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma', 'pharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: AIMS: The preferred reperfusion strategy for early @entity583 ( @entity583 , defined as time from symptoms onset  <=120 min) in non-capable percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centres remains controversial. We sought to compare mortality of in situ fibrinolysis vs. PCI transfer in a real-life consecutive cohort of early @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective multicentre @entity583 registry (Catalonia 'Codi IAM' network) of all-comers in a non-capable PCI centre with symptom onset to first medical contact (FMC) <120 min. Two groups were identified: in situ fibrinolysis and transfer to a PCI-capable centre. Primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. We included 2470 @entity1 , of whom 2227 (90.2%) and 243 (9.8%) comprised the transfer and fibrinolysis groups, respectively. In the fibrinolysis group, diagnostic and system delays were shorter (24 vs. 31 min, P < 0.001; 45 vs. 119 min, P < 0.001, respectively). Thirty-day mortality was 7.7 and 5.1% in fibrinolysis and transfer groups, respectively (P = 0.09). However, @entity1 in the transfer group whose time FMC-device was achieved within 140 min were associated with significantly lower mortality (2.0% for FMC-device <99 min, and 4.6% for FMC-device 99-140 min; P < 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively vs. fibrinolysis). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, reperfusion with fibrinolysis was an independent 30-day mortality predictive factor (odds ratio: 1.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-3.50; P = 0.04), together with age and Killip-Kimball class (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In early @entity583 @entity1 assisted in non-capable PCI centres, in situ fibrinolysis had worse prognosis than @entity1 transfer. Transfer to a PCI-capable centre seems recommended in @entity1 with FMC-device delay <140 min.

title: Early XXXX in non-capable percutaneous coronary intervention centres: in situ fibrinolysis vs. percutaneous coronary intervention transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few instruments that measure physical activity (PA) can accurately quantify PA performed at light and moderate intensities, which is particularly relevant in older adults. The evidence of their reliability in free-living conditions is limited. OBJECTIVE: The study objectives were: (1) to determine the test-retest reliability of the Actigraph (ACT), SenseWear Armband (SWA), and @entity497 ( @entity497 ) questionnaire in assessing free-living PA at light and moderate intensities in @entity1 after total knee arthroplasty; (2) to compare the reliability of the 3 instruments relative to each other; and (3) to determine the reliability of commonly used monitoring time frames (24 hours, waking hours, and 10 hours from awakening). DESIGN: A one-group, repeated-measures design was used. METHODS: @entity1 wore the activity monitors for 2 weeks, and the @entity497 questionnaire was completed at the end of each week. Test-retest reliability was determined by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,k]) to compare PA measures from one week with those from the other week. RESULTS: Data from 28 @entity1 who reported similar PA during the 2 weeks were included in the analysis. The mean age of these @entity1 was 69 years (SD=8), and 75% of them were @entity1 . Reliability ranged from moderate to excellent for the ACT (ICC=.75-.86) and was excellent for the SWA (ICC=.93-.95) and the @entity497 questionnaire (ICC=.86-.92). The 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the ICCs from the SWA were the only ones within the excellent reliability range (.85-.98). The @entity497 questionnaire showed systematic bias, with less PA being reported in week 2. The reliability of PA measures in the waking-hour time frame was comparable to that in the 24-hour time frame and reflected most PA performed during this period. LIMITATIONS: Reliability may be lower for time intervals longer than 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: All PA measures showed good reliability. The reliability of the ACT was lower than those of the SWA and the @entity497 questionnaire. The SWA provided more precise reliability estimates. Wearing PA monitors during waking hours provided sufficiently reliable measures and can reduce the burden on @entity1 wearing them.

title: Reliability of Physical Activity Measures During Free-Living Activities in XXXX After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors', 'CHAMPS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity239 is a multifactorial disease, of which etiology is based on interaction between genetic susceptibility and environment. However, few studies attempted to identify the risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic influence and its interaction with environmental quality and stress, as possible risk factors for @entity239 development. @entity1 AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study investigated two groups of @entity1 , of which 47 had a clinical diagnosis of @entity239 , and 41 @entity1 comprising thre control group, all from the town of Novo Hamburgo, RS. The @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) gene polymorphism was analyzed in DNA extracted from total blood, in both samples. Environmental factors were studied through Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults and by applying the WHOQOL-100 domain V. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 , more @entity1 had high stress levels when compared to the control sample (P < 0.001); moreover, the average scores of the WHOQOL-100 domain V, which analyze environment quality, were lower in this group (P < 0.001). @entity2204 genotypic and allelic frequencies were similar between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that low WHOQOL-100 scores increase the chance of disease development by 57.7 times (P < 0.001), and that high stress levels were related with the disease (OR = 197.2; P < 0.001). This approach pointed out an interaction between stress and presence of E*2 allele (P = 0.028). @entity239 was much more frequent in @entity1 with high stress levels that were E*2 non-carriers (estimated OR = 265.1), when compared to @entity1 with the same stress level, but E*2 carriers (estimated OR = 1.06). CONCLUSION: E*2 allele presence could have a protective action regarding the association between @entity239 and stress.

title: Association between environmental quality, stress and @entity2204 gene variation in XXXX susceptibility determination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity239 is a multifactorial disease, of which etiology is based on interaction between genetic susceptibility and environment. However, few studies attempted to identify the risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic influence and its interaction with environmental quality and stress, as possible risk factors for @entity239 development. @entity1 AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study investigated two groups of @entity1 , of which 47 had a clinical diagnosis of @entity239 , and 41 @entity1 comprising thre control group, all from the town of Novo Hamburgo, RS. The @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) gene polymorphism was analyzed in DNA extracted from total blood, in both samples. Environmental factors were studied through Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults and by applying the WHOQOL-100 domain V. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 , more @entity1 had high stress levels when compared to the control sample (P < 0.001); moreover, the average scores of the WHOQOL-100 domain V, which analyze environment quality, were lower in this group (P < 0.001). @entity2204 genotypic and allelic frequencies were similar between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that low WHOQOL-100 scores increase the chance of disease development by 57.7 times (P < 0.001), and that high stress levels were related with the disease (OR = 197.2; P < 0.001). This approach pointed out an interaction between stress and presence of E*2 allele (P = 0.028). @entity239 was much more frequent in @entity1 with high stress levels that were E*2 non-carriers (estimated OR = 265.1), when compared to @entity1 with the same stress level, but E*2 carriers (estimated OR = 1.06). CONCLUSION: E*2 allele presence could have a protective action regarding the association between @entity239 and stress.

title: Association between environmental quality, stress and XXXX gene variation in @entity239 susceptibility determination.

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the clinical and epidemiological diagnosis criterion for confirming @entity3081 suspect cases. METHODS: The study comprised 2,687 and 716 @entity1 admitted with @entity294 to a public hospital in Macei , Brazil, in 1992 and 1997 respectively. Culture of @entity1838 O1 (Koch, 1884) in TCBS-agar was performed and the clinical and epidemiological criterion was applied and compared to the gold standard. The statistical analysis was carried out in two age-groups: less than five years old and five years old or more. RESULTS: There were studied 833 @entity1 , of which 517 in 1992 and 316 in 1997; 72 aged less than five years and 761 aged five years or more. In those aged less than five years in 1992, sensitivity was 40% and specificity 84.6%. For this same age-group in 1997, sensitivity was 28.6% and specificity 62.5%. In @entity1 aged five years or more in 1992, sensitivity was 99% and specificity 1.2%. For this same age-group in 1997, sensitivity was 86.9% and specificity 8.7%. CONCLUSION: The higher sensitivity of the clinical and epidemiological @entity3081 diagnosis criterion in @entity1 aged five years or more found in the study support its application during epidemics periods. In periods of lower incidence, all cases need to be confirmed using laboratory methods.

title: [Validation of clinical and epidemiological diagnosis criterion for confirming XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['cholera']


abstract: Reinfusion of mediastinal shed blood during cardiopulmonary bypass reportedly reduces the need for homologous blood transfusion. Although the @entity2100 is thought to be amplified by shear stress during cardiopulmonary bypass and processing, the time-related deterioration of red blood cells (RBCs) in stored shed blood has not been studied extensively. In this study, we examined time-related @entity2142 in shed blood stored at different temperatures. We examined processed shed blood collected from 15 @entity1 (11 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ; mean age      standard deviation, 71      9  years) during cardiopulmonary bypass. The shed blood was collected and stored at 20  C (group A) or 4  @entity20844 ). Stored blood collected by venipuncture at the end of the surgery was used as a control. Damage was assessed by measuring its free hemoglobin (Hb) levels, using a photometric assay. The free Hb levels in blood samples from each group were tested at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48  h after surgery. The free Hb levels (g/dl) at 0, 12, and 24  h were 0.03      0.01, 0.05      0.02*, and 0.06      0.02* in group A; 0.03      0.02, 0.04      0.03, and 0.05      0.02* in group B; and 0.01      0.01, 0.01      0.01, and 0.01      0.01 in the control group (*p  <  0.05 vs. 0  h after surgery). The free Hb levels in stored shed blood significantly increased after 12  h in group A (20  C) and increased after 24  h in group B (4  C), whereas in drawn blood, they did not significantly increase over the first 24  h. Compared to storage at 20  C, storage at 4  C suppresses the increase in the free Hb levels.

title: Time-related XXXX in stored shed mediastinal blood after cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility of blood components']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['hemolysis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Classical molecular genetics uses stringent selective conditions to identify mutants with distinct phenotypic responses. Mutations giving rise to less pronounced phenotypes are often missed. However, to gain systems-level insights into complex genetic interaction networks requires genome-wide assignment of quantitative phenotypic traits. In this paper, we present a quantitative selection approach coupled with transposon sequencing (QS-TnSeq) to globally identify the cellular components that orchestrate susceptibility of the cell cycle model bacterium @entity14273 toward bacteriophage   @entity281 . We found that 135 genes representing 3.30% of the @entity14273 genome exhibit significant accumulation of transposon insertions upon   CbK selection. More than 85% thereof consist of new factors not previously associated with phage   CbK susceptibility. Using hierarchical clustering of dose-dependent TnSeq datasets, we grouped these genes into functional modules that correlate with different stages of the   @entity281 process. We assign   CbK susceptibility to eight new genes that represent novel components of the pilus secretion machinery. Further, we demonstrate that, from 86 motility genes, only seven genes encoding structural and regulatory components of the flagellar hook increase phage resistance when disrupted by transposons, suggesting a link between flagellar hook assembly and pili biogenesis. In addition, we observe high recovery of Tn5 insertions within regulatory sequences of the genes encoding the essential @entity2125 : @entity12931 oxidoreductase complex indicating that intact proton motive force is crucial for effective phage propagation. In sum, QS-TnSeq is broadly applicable to perform quantitative and genome-wide systems-genetics analysis of complex phenotypic traits.

title: Quantitative Selection Analysis of Bacteriophage   CbK Susceptibility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['CbK infection']

entities_list: @entity14273 :: ('155892', 'Species') :: ['Caulobacter', 'Caulobacter crescentus']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

answer: @entity14273 :: (155892,Species) :: ['Caulobacter crescentus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the level of endothelial damage caused by contact with materials used in contemporary @entity726 drainage devices and a @entity2945 polymer-coated @entity4625 (PC- @entity4625 ). METHODS Standard-sized discs of @entity1346 , @entity4625 (polymethylmethacrylate), and PC- @entity4625 (n = 6) were gently lowered onto cultured @entity291 corneal endothelial (BCE) monolayers using a vacuum suction device. A 2.4-g stainless steel cloning ring weight was then placed on top of each disc. The weights and discs were removed using a vacuum suction device and forceps after 5 minutes of contact. A 0.4% @entity3460 solution was used to stain the cell monolayer to visualize the area of cell damage. The total area of damage in each well (including the area stripped of cells) was measured using an image processor and expressed as a percentage of the total disc area to derive a damage coefficient for each material. Damage coefficients for different materials were compared using Bonferroni corrected analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Percentage of areas of damage (mean +/- SD) after standardized contact were as follows: @entity4625 , 5.95 +/- 4.60%; @entity1346 , 3.08 +/- 2.68%; PC- @entity4625 , 0.15 +/- 0.25%. @entity4625 caused marked endothelial cell damage. PC- @entity4625 discs produced a significantly lower level (p = 0.04) of endothelial cell trauma. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that PC coating technology may be effective in reducing the rate of corneal endothelial failure following GDD implantation.

title: Corneal endothelial cell damage from XXXX drainage device materials.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While skeletal muscle mass is an established primary outcome related to understanding @entity5 mechanisms, considerable gaps exist in our understanding of muscle biochemical and functional properties that have recognized roles in systemic health. Skeletal muscle quality is a classification beyond mass, and is aligned with muscle's metabolic capacity and substrate utilization flexibility. This supplies an additional role for the mitochondria in @entity5 -induced @entity2057 . While the historical assessment of mitochondria content and function during @entity5 -induced @entity121 was closely aligned with energy flux and @entity5653 susceptibility, this understanding has expanded to link mitochondria dysfunction to cellular processes regulating myofiber @entity5653 . The primary objective of this article is to highlight muscle mitochondria and oxidative metabolism as a biological target of @entity5 and also as a cellular regulator of @entity5 -induced @entity2057 . Initially, we examine the role of muscle metabolic phenotype and mitochondria content in @entity5 -induced @entity5653 susceptibility. We then assess the evidence for @entity5 -induced regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy, and oxidative stress. In addition, we discuss environments associated with @entity5 that can impact the regulation of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. The article also examines the role of cytokine-mediated regulation of mitochondria function regulation, followed by the potential role of @entity5 -induced @entity6126 . Lastly, a role for decreased muscle use in @entity5 -induced @entity2383 is reviewed.

title: The Emerging Role of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism as a Biological Target and Cellular Regulator of Cancer-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer cachexia', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['Muscle Wasting']


abstract: A phase II trial of @entity1206 and low dose @entity229 in hormone-refractory metastatic @entity263 was conducted in order to investigate its safety, efficacy and impact on quality of life. @entity1206 was administered at the dose of 25 mg/m(2) i.v. weekly for 12 weeks and then biweekly, along with 10 mg of daily oral @entity229 until time of progression. Fourteen @entity1 , median age of 74 years, were treated. The treatment was generally well tolerated with @entity1431 and @entity417 as the major side effects. One @entity1 achieved partial remission and eleven remained with stable disease. One of the eleven @entity1 with stable disease had a dramatic PSA response from 1000 to 236 ng/ml; seven of these progressed after week twelve when @entity1206 was given biweekly. PSA response occurred in 5 of 14 @entity1 . The median time to progression was 28 weeks and the median survival was 17 months. Nine out of the 14 accrued @entity1 were evaluable for quality of life assessment. Five of them improved, three remained unchanged and two had a slight worsening. Four @entity1 had improvement in @entity158 control and fatigue. Our preliminary data suggest that the combination of @entity1206 / @entity229 has modest activity in metastatic @entity263 with a very favorable @entity137 profile and is very well tolerated in this group of elderly @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX with low dose @entity229 in the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: A phase II trial of @entity1206 and low dose @entity229 in hormone-refractory metastatic @entity263 was conducted in order to investigate its safety, efficacy and impact on quality of life. @entity1206 was administered at the dose of 25 mg/m(2) i.v. weekly for 12 weeks and then biweekly, along with 10 mg of daily oral @entity229 until time of progression. Fourteen @entity1 , median age of 74 years, were treated. The treatment was generally well tolerated with @entity1431 and @entity417 as the major side effects. One @entity1 achieved partial remission and eleven remained with stable disease. One of the eleven @entity1 with stable disease had a dramatic PSA response from 1000 to 236 ng/ml; seven of these progressed after week twelve when @entity1206 was given biweekly. PSA response occurred in 5 of 14 @entity1 . The median time to progression was 28 weeks and the median survival was 17 months. Nine out of the 14 accrued @entity1 were evaluable for quality of life assessment. Five of them improved, three remained unchanged and two had a slight worsening. Four @entity1 had improvement in @entity158 control and fatigue. Our preliminary data suggest that the combination of @entity1206 / @entity229 has modest activity in metastatic @entity263 with a very favorable @entity137 profile and is very well tolerated in this group of elderly @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of @entity1206 with low dose XXXX in the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic @entity263 .

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: A phase II trial of @entity1206 and low dose @entity229 in hormone-refractory metastatic @entity263 was conducted in order to investigate its safety, efficacy and impact on quality of life. @entity1206 was administered at the dose of 25 mg/m(2) i.v. weekly for 12 weeks and then biweekly, along with 10 mg of daily oral @entity229 until time of progression. Fourteen @entity1 , median age of 74 years, were treated. The treatment was generally well tolerated with @entity1431 and @entity417 as the major side effects. One @entity1 achieved partial remission and eleven remained with stable disease. One of the eleven @entity1 with stable disease had a dramatic PSA response from 1000 to 236 ng/ml; seven of these progressed after week twelve when @entity1206 was given biweekly. PSA response occurred in 5 of 14 @entity1 . The median time to progression was 28 weeks and the median survival was 17 months. Nine out of the 14 accrued @entity1 were evaluable for quality of life assessment. Five of them improved, three remained unchanged and two had a slight worsening. Four @entity1 had improvement in @entity158 control and fatigue. Our preliminary data suggest that the combination of @entity1206 / @entity229 has modest activity in metastatic @entity263 with a very favorable @entity137 profile and is very well tolerated in this group of elderly @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of @entity1206 with low dose @entity229 in the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is known that psychosocial skills training programs increase the efficacy of @entity161 treatment. The aim of this study was to carry out the Turkish version of two modules of a commonly used program, Social Skills Training (Medication Management and Symptom Management Modules), and to determine its possible benefits. METHOD: The study was carried out at three sites. Fifty @entity161 @entity1 who were at least literate and who did not have @entity3180 or organic mental diseases, aged 18-60, using antipsychotic agents in a standard dose and in a stable phase were included in the study. Eight training groups were formed. Each group consisted of 5-7 individuals and the study took approximately eight months. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Quality of Life Scale: an instrument for rating the @entity161 , the Drug Treatment Compliance Scale and Pre- and Post-Tests of Social Skills Training were applied to the @entity1 before and after the group education The scores of the rating scales were compared. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (76%) @entity1 completed the study. The mean age of the @entity1 was 32 +/- 7, 84% were @entity1 , 58% had received less than 11 years, of education 84% had never married, and 97% were living with their families. The mean age of illness onset was 20 +/- 5 years, and the mean duration of the illness was 12 +/- 7 years. At the end of the study, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores (baseline 42.0, after the training 37.1, p<0.02), and the Quality of Life Scale scores (baseline 67.5, after the training 75.3, p<0.01) were significantly changed. The level of knowledge of the @entity1 about the medication and symptoms of @entity161 increased 20.6%. Drug treatment compliance had also increased by the end of the study. CONCLUSION: The results show that this program contributed to the treatment compliance and treatment efficacy in @entity161 . Increased treatment efficacy might have played a role in increasing of the quality of life a long with the group milieu. It may be concluded that this social skills training program, which did not encounter any problems in application, may contribute significantly to the treatment of @entity161 .

title: [Social skills training in psychosocial therapy of XXXX : a multicenter study for symptom management and medication management modules].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'schizophrenic deficit syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language problems']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) is an autosomal dominant @entity4310 characterized by early onset @entity5 of the colorectum, endometrium and other @entity5 . A significant proportion of DNA variants in @entity4309 @entity1 are unclassified. Reports on the pathogenicity of the @entity72269 ( @entity72270 ) variant of the @entity6756 gene are conflicting. In this study, we provide new evidence indicating that this variant has no significant implications for @entity4309 . METHODS: The following approach was used to assess the clinical significance of the @entity72270 variant: frequency in a control population, case-control comparison, co-occurrence of the @entity72270 variant with a pathogenic mutation, co-segregation with the disease and @entity124 in @entity5 from carriers of the variant. We genotyped @entity72270 in 1034 individuals (373 sporadic @entity14 [ @entity14 ] @entity1 , 250 index subjects from families suspected of having @entity4309 [revised Bethesda guidelines] and 411 controls). Three well-characterized @entity4309 families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II Criteria and consisted of members with the @entity72270 variant were included to assess co-occurrence and co-segregation. A subset of @entity14 DNA samples from 17 @entity1 carrying the @entity72270 variant was screened for @entity124 using five mononucleotide markers. RESULTS: Twenty-seven individuals were heterozygous for the @entity72270 variant; nine had sporadic @entity14 (2.41%), seven were suspected of having hereditary @entity14 (2.8%) and 11 were controls (2.68%). There were no significant associations in the case-control and case-case studies. The @entity72270 variant was co-existent with pathogenic mutations in two unrelated @entity4309 families. In one family, the allele distribution of the pathogenic and unclassified variant was in trans, in the other family the pathogenic variant was detected in the @entity4638 gene and only the deleterious variant co-segregated with the disease in both families. Only two positive cases of @entity124 (2/17, 11.8%) were detected in @entity5 from @entity72270 carriers, indicating that this variant does not play a role in functional inactivation of @entity6756 in @entity14 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity72270 variant should be considered a neutral variant for @entity4309 . These findings have implications for the clinical management of @entity14 probands and their relatives.

title: Evidence for classification of @entity72269 in XXXX as a neutral variant for @entity4309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['inherited cancer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumour', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity72270 :: ('p|SUB|K|618|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Lys618Ala']

answer: @entity6756 :: (4292,Gene) :: ['MLH1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) is an autosomal dominant @entity4310 characterized by early onset @entity5 of the colorectum, endometrium and other @entity5 . A significant proportion of DNA variants in @entity4309 @entity1 are unclassified. Reports on the pathogenicity of the @entity72269 ( @entity72270 ) variant of the @entity6756 gene are conflicting. In this study, we provide new evidence indicating that this variant has no significant implications for @entity4309 . METHODS: The following approach was used to assess the clinical significance of the @entity72270 variant: frequency in a control population, case-control comparison, co-occurrence of the @entity72270 variant with a pathogenic mutation, co-segregation with the disease and @entity124 in @entity5 from carriers of the variant. We genotyped @entity72270 in 1034 individuals (373 sporadic @entity14 [ @entity14 ] @entity1 , 250 index subjects from families suspected of having @entity4309 [revised Bethesda guidelines] and 411 controls). Three well-characterized @entity4309 families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II Criteria and consisted of members with the @entity72270 variant were included to assess co-occurrence and co-segregation. A subset of @entity14 DNA samples from 17 @entity1 carrying the @entity72270 variant was screened for @entity124 using five mononucleotide markers. RESULTS: Twenty-seven individuals were heterozygous for the @entity72270 variant; nine had sporadic @entity14 (2.41%), seven were suspected of having hereditary @entity14 (2.8%) and 11 were controls (2.68%). There were no significant associations in the case-control and case-case studies. The @entity72270 variant was co-existent with pathogenic mutations in two unrelated @entity4309 families. In one family, the allele distribution of the pathogenic and unclassified variant was in trans, in the other family the pathogenic variant was detected in the @entity4638 gene and only the deleterious variant co-segregated with the disease in both families. Only two positive cases of @entity124 (2/17, 11.8%) were detected in @entity5 from @entity72270 carriers, indicating that this variant does not play a role in functional inactivation of @entity6756 in @entity14 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity72270 variant should be considered a neutral variant for @entity4309 . These findings have implications for the clinical management of @entity14 probands and their relatives.

title: Evidence for classification of @entity72269 in @entity6756 as a neutral variant for XXXX .

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) is an autosomal dominant @entity4310 characterized by early onset @entity5 of the colorectum, endometrium and other @entity5 . A significant proportion of DNA variants in @entity4309 @entity1 are unclassified. Reports on the pathogenicity of the @entity72269 ( @entity72270 ) variant of the @entity6756 gene are conflicting. In this study, we provide new evidence indicating that this variant has no significant implications for @entity4309 . METHODS: The following approach was used to assess the clinical significance of the @entity72270 variant: frequency in a control population, case-control comparison, co-occurrence of the @entity72270 variant with a pathogenic mutation, co-segregation with the disease and @entity124 in @entity5 from carriers of the variant. We genotyped @entity72270 in 1034 individuals (373 sporadic @entity14 [ @entity14 ] @entity1 , 250 index subjects from families suspected of having @entity4309 [revised Bethesda guidelines] and 411 controls). Three well-characterized @entity4309 families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II Criteria and consisted of members with the @entity72270 variant were included to assess co-occurrence and co-segregation. A subset of @entity14 DNA samples from 17 @entity1 carrying the @entity72270 variant was screened for @entity124 using five mononucleotide markers. RESULTS: Twenty-seven individuals were heterozygous for the @entity72270 variant; nine had sporadic @entity14 (2.41%), seven were suspected of having hereditary @entity14 (2.8%) and 11 were controls (2.68%). There were no significant associations in the case-control and case-case studies. The @entity72270 variant was co-existent with pathogenic mutations in two unrelated @entity4309 families. In one family, the allele distribution of the pathogenic and unclassified variant was in trans, in the other family the pathogenic variant was detected in the @entity4638 gene and only the deleterious variant co-segregated with the disease in both families. Only two positive cases of @entity124 (2/17, 11.8%) were detected in @entity5 from @entity72270 carriers, indicating that this variant does not play a role in functional inactivation of @entity6756 in @entity14 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity72270 variant should be considered a neutral variant for @entity4309 . These findings have implications for the clinical management of @entity14 probands and their relatives.

title: Evidence for classification of XXXX in @entity6756 as a neutral variant for @entity4309 .

answer: @entity72269 :: (c|SUB|AA|1852_1853|GC,DNAMutation) :: ['c.1852_1853AA>GC']


abstract: The increased risk for @entity741 ( @entity741 ) associated with @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) has been partly attributed to @entity2299 . There is limited information on the effect of @entity1375 on lipoprotein (a) [ @entity3452 ], which is considered a significant predictor of @entity741 . Serum @entity3452 levels are predominantly regulated by apolipoprotein [apo(a)] gene polymorphisms. The aim of our study was to evaluate the @entity3452 levels and apo(a) phenotypes in @entity1 with @entity1375 compared to healthy controls as well as the influence of @entity1955 substitution therapy on @entity3452 values in relation to the apo(a) isoform size. @entity3452 levels were measured in 69 @entity1 with @entity1375 before and after restoration of a euthyroid state and in 83 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Apo(a) isoform size was determined by @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) agarose gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and development via chemiluminescence. @entity1 with @entity1375 exhibited increased @entity3452 levels compared to controls (median value 10.6 mg/dL vs. 6.0 mg/dL, p = 0.003]), but this was not because of differences in the frequencies of apo(a) phenotypes. There was no association between thyrotropin (TSH) and @entity3452 levels in @entity1 with @entity1375 . In subjects with either low (LMW; 25 @entity1 and 28 controls) or high (HMW; 44 @entity1 and 55 controls) molecular weight apo(a) isoforms, @entity3452 concentrations were higher in @entity1 than in the control group (median values 26.9 mg/dL vs. 21.8 mg/dL, p = 0.02 for LMW, and 6.0 mg/dL versus 3.3 mg/dL, p < 0.001 for HMW). @entity1955 treatment resulted in an overall reduction of @entity3452 levels (10.6 mg/dL baseline vs. 8.9 mg/dL posttreatment, p = 0.008]). This effect was mainly evident in @entity1 with LMW apo(a) isoforms associated with high baseline @entity3452 concentrations (median values 26.9 mg/dL vs. 23.2 mg/dL pretreatment and posttreatment, respectively; p = 0.03). In conclusion, even though a causal effect of @entity1374 on @entity3452 was not clearly demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity1375 , @entity1955 treatment is beneficial, especially in @entity1 with increased baseline @entity3452 levels and LMW apo(a) isoforms.

title: Lipoprotein (a) levels and apolipoprotein (a) isoform size in @entity1 with XXXX : effect of treatment with @entity1955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['SH', 'subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine', 'Levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']


abstract: The increased risk for @entity741 ( @entity741 ) associated with @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) has been partly attributed to @entity2299 . There is limited information on the effect of @entity1375 on lipoprotein (a) [ @entity3452 ], which is considered a significant predictor of @entity741 . Serum @entity3452 levels are predominantly regulated by apolipoprotein [apo(a)] gene polymorphisms. The aim of our study was to evaluate the @entity3452 levels and apo(a) phenotypes in @entity1 with @entity1375 compared to healthy controls as well as the influence of @entity1955 substitution therapy on @entity3452 values in relation to the apo(a) isoform size. @entity3452 levels were measured in 69 @entity1 with @entity1375 before and after restoration of a euthyroid state and in 83 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Apo(a) isoform size was determined by @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) agarose gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and development via chemiluminescence. @entity1 with @entity1375 exhibited increased @entity3452 levels compared to controls (median value 10.6 mg/dL vs. 6.0 mg/dL, p = 0.003]), but this was not because of differences in the frequencies of apo(a) phenotypes. There was no association between thyrotropin (TSH) and @entity3452 levels in @entity1 with @entity1375 . In subjects with either low (LMW; 25 @entity1 and 28 controls) or high (HMW; 44 @entity1 and 55 controls) molecular weight apo(a) isoforms, @entity3452 concentrations were higher in @entity1 than in the control group (median values 26.9 mg/dL vs. 21.8 mg/dL, p = 0.02 for LMW, and 6.0 mg/dL versus 3.3 mg/dL, p < 0.001 for HMW). @entity1955 treatment resulted in an overall reduction of @entity3452 levels (10.6 mg/dL baseline vs. 8.9 mg/dL posttreatment, p = 0.008]). This effect was mainly evident in @entity1 with LMW apo(a) isoforms associated with high baseline @entity3452 concentrations (median values 26.9 mg/dL vs. 23.2 mg/dL pretreatment and posttreatment, respectively; p = 0.03). In conclusion, even though a causal effect of @entity1374 on @entity3452 was not clearly demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity1375 , @entity1955 treatment is beneficial, especially in @entity1 with increased baseline @entity3452 levels and LMW apo(a) isoforms.

title: Lipoprotein (a) levels and apolipoprotein (a) isoform size in @entity1 with @entity1375 : effect of treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['levothyroxine']


abstract: The increased risk for @entity741 ( @entity741 ) associated with @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) has been partly attributed to @entity2299 . There is limited information on the effect of @entity1375 on lipoprotein (a) [ @entity3452 ], which is considered a significant predictor of @entity741 . Serum @entity3452 levels are predominantly regulated by apolipoprotein [apo(a)] gene polymorphisms. The aim of our study was to evaluate the @entity3452 levels and apo(a) phenotypes in @entity1 with @entity1375 compared to healthy controls as well as the influence of @entity1955 substitution therapy on @entity3452 values in relation to the apo(a) isoform size. @entity3452 levels were measured in 69 @entity1 with @entity1375 before and after restoration of a euthyroid state and in 83 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Apo(a) isoform size was determined by @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) agarose gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and development via chemiluminescence. @entity1 with @entity1375 exhibited increased @entity3452 levels compared to controls (median value 10.6 mg/dL vs. 6.0 mg/dL, p = 0.003]), but this was not because of differences in the frequencies of apo(a) phenotypes. There was no association between thyrotropin (TSH) and @entity3452 levels in @entity1 with @entity1375 . In subjects with either low (LMW; 25 @entity1 and 28 controls) or high (HMW; 44 @entity1 and 55 controls) molecular weight apo(a) isoforms, @entity3452 concentrations were higher in @entity1 than in the control group (median values 26.9 mg/dL vs. 21.8 mg/dL, p = 0.02 for LMW, and 6.0 mg/dL versus 3.3 mg/dL, p < 0.001 for HMW). @entity1955 treatment resulted in an overall reduction of @entity3452 levels (10.6 mg/dL baseline vs. 8.9 mg/dL posttreatment, p = 0.008]). This effect was mainly evident in @entity1 with LMW apo(a) isoforms associated with high baseline @entity3452 concentrations (median values 26.9 mg/dL vs. 23.2 mg/dL pretreatment and posttreatment, respectively; p = 0.03). In conclusion, even though a causal effect of @entity1374 on @entity3452 was not clearly demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity1375 , @entity1955 treatment is beneficial, especially in @entity1 with increased baseline @entity3452 levels and LMW apo(a) isoforms.

title: Lipoprotein (a) levels and apolipoprotein (a) isoform size in XXXX with @entity1375 : effect of treatment with @entity1955 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Until recently, chromosomal translocations and fusion genes have been an underappreciated class of mutations in solid @entity5 . Next-generation sequencing technologies provide an opportunity for systematic characterization of @entity5 cell transcriptomes, including the discovery of expressed fusion genes resulting from underlying genomic rearrangements. RESULTS: We applied paired-end RNA-seq to identify 24 novel and 3 previously known fusion genes in @entity0 cells. Supported by an improved bioinformatic approach, we had a 95% success rate of validating gene fusions initially detected by RNA-seq. Fusion partner genes were found to contribute promoters (5' UTR), coding sequences and 3' UTRs. Most fusion genes were associated with copy number transitions and were particularly common in high-level DNA amplifications. This suggests that fusion events may contribute to the selective advantage provided by DNA amplifications and deletions. Some of the fusion partner genes, such as @entity20871 in the @entity72271 - @entity20871 fusion and @entity38839 in the @entity34408 - @entity38839 fusion, were only detected as a fusion transcript, indicating activation of a dormant gene by the fusion event. A number of fusion gene partners have either been previously observed in oncogenic gene fusions, mostly in @entity1778 , or otherwise reported to be oncogenic. RNA interference-mediated knock-down of the @entity34408 - @entity38839 fusion gene indicated that it may be necessary for @entity5 cell growth and survival. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, using RNA-sequencing and improved bioinformatic stratification, we have discovered a number of novel fusion genes in @entity0 , and identified @entity34408 - @entity38839 as a potential fusion gene with importance for the growth and survival of @entity0 cells.

title: Identification of fusion genes in XXXX by paired-end RNA-sequencing.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine response of @entity258 @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) symptoms to @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ). METHODS: An aggregated analysis was conducted in 90 @entity1 with @entity258 who received the same dose regimen of @entity7541 in three independent, placebo-controlled studies. Active drug and placebo were given from 2 to 4 weeks each. Outcome measures included teacher and parent ratings on standardized behavior scales (mean n = 84), performance on computer-controlled cognitive-motor tests (n = 62), and measures of cardiovascular response (n = 85). RESULTS: Both teachers and parents rated the @entity1 consistently as being improved on subscales assessing attention, overactivity, and conduct problems. Some 44% of the subjects showed at least a 30% reduction compared with placebo on teacher ratings. @entity7541 improved accuracy on several cognitive tests, response speed was increased on some, and seat activity declined for one of three tests; heart rate was mildly increased (3.9 beats/minute) with @entity7541 . Analyses of IQ and mental age as moderator variables suggested that lower functional level (especially lower IQ) may be associated with a less favorable response to @entity7541 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity258 and @entity71 clearly respond to @entity7541 , but their rate of beneficial response appears to be well under that of normal-IQ @entity1 and more varied. Different attentional mechanisms may moderate response to psychostimulants.

title: XXXX treatment in @entity1 with borderline IQ and mental retardation: analysis of three aggregated studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine response of @entity258 @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) symptoms to @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ). METHODS: An aggregated analysis was conducted in 90 @entity1 with @entity258 who received the same dose regimen of @entity7541 in three independent, placebo-controlled studies. Active drug and placebo were given from 2 to 4 weeks each. Outcome measures included teacher and parent ratings on standardized behavior scales (mean n = 84), performance on computer-controlled cognitive-motor tests (n = 62), and measures of cardiovascular response (n = 85). RESULTS: Both teachers and parents rated the @entity1 consistently as being improved on subscales assessing attention, overactivity, and conduct problems. Some 44% of the subjects showed at least a 30% reduction compared with placebo on teacher ratings. @entity7541 improved accuracy on several cognitive tests, response speed was increased on some, and seat activity declined for one of three tests; heart rate was mildly increased (3.9 beats/minute) with @entity7541 . Analyses of IQ and mental age as moderator variables suggested that lower functional level (especially lower IQ) may be associated with a less favorable response to @entity7541 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity258 and @entity71 clearly respond to @entity7541 , but their rate of beneficial response appears to be well under that of normal-IQ @entity1 and more varied. Different attentional mechanisms may moderate response to psychostimulants.

title: @entity2727 treatment in XXXX with borderline IQ and mental retardation: analysis of three aggregated studies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is defined as @entity158 initiated or caused by a @entity75 or dysfunction in the nervous system. Some examples of this condition are phantom limb @entity158 , @entity158 and complex regional @entity158 (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) and type II ( @entity6866 ). Treatment options include drugs, physical treatments, surgery and psychological interventions. The concept that many @entity9 , particularly @entity6865 and @entity6866 are "sympathetically maintained @entity158 " has historically led to attempts to temporarily or permanently interrupt the sympathetic nervous system. Chemical sympathectomies use @entity167 or @entity3971 injections to destroy the sympathetic chain, but this effect is temporary until regeneration of the sympathetic chain occurs. Surgical ablation can be performed by open removal or electrocoagulation of the sympathetic chain, or minimally invasive procedures using stereotactic thermal or laser interruption. OBJECTIVES: The review aimed to assess the effects of both chemical and surgical sympathectomy for @entity9 . Secondary objectives were to compare the effects of sympathectomy with no treatment, placebo or conventional treatment, and to evaluate whether the technique of sympathectomy influences the outcomes of the procedure. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE up to February 2003 and the latest issue of the Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2003). We screened references in the retrieved articles, literature reviews and book chapters. We also contacted experts in the field of @entity9 . SELECTION CRITERIA: Clinical trials and observational studies assessing the effects of sympathectomy (surgical or chemical) for @entity9 of both central or peripheral origin were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers applied the selection criteria to titles and abstracts. Full articles of potentially eligible trials were obtained and the same reviewers applied the inclusion criteria to the studies. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated. The studies were also evaluated for clinical relevance according to a classification developed by our group. Statistical pooling was not possible due to heterogeneity of data; instead a narrative description of each included study was performed. MAIN RESULTS: We included four studies. One randomized trial comparing radiofrequency sympatholysis with @entity3971 sympathectomy was rated as low methodological quality and it showed that radiofrequency sympatholysis does not offer advantage over @entity3971 techniques. However, a modified technique produced sympatholysis comparable to that produced by 6% @entity3971 , with less incidence of @entity9 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The practice of surgical and chemical sympathectomy is based on poor quality evidence, uncontrolled studies and personal experience. Furthermore, complications of the procedure may be significant, in terms of both worsening the @entity158 or producing a new @entity158 ; and abnormal forms of sweating (compensatory @entity1119 and pathological @entity8810 ). Therefore, more clinical trials of sympathectomy are required to establish the overall effectiveness and potential risks of this procedure.

title: Sympathectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['gustatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity6866 :: ('MESH:D002422', 'Disease') :: ['causalgia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain syndrome type I', 'post-stroke pain', 'pains', 'pain', 'pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic pain', 'post-sympathectomy neuralgia', 'neuropathic pain syndromes']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: Since 1980 we have used T  bingen middle ear implants of @entity5383 in some reconstructions of the ossicular chain. So far such implants have been inserted in 129 operations on 106 @entity1 . Follow-up examinations have been performed on 108 ears (91 @entity1 ). Post-operative observation periods have varied from 6 to 46 months, with an average duration of 22 months. In the last two years, since observing the first extrusions and imminent extrusions of implants, we have begun inserting a small autologous cartilage-perichondrium disk between implant and eardrum. Follow-up examinations have shown that insertion of cartilage lowers the rates of extrusion and imminent extrusion. It should be noted, however, that the average observation period for implants with cartilage has been somewhat shorter than for those without cartilage. Good audiometric results have been obtained with @entity16773 -ceramic implants. Moreover, insertion of a cartilage-perichondrium disk demonstrably contributes to an improvement of audiometric results. As our clinical study shows, an @entity16773 -ceramic implant is quite suitable for reconstructive surgery of the ossicular chain when an alloplastic implant is needed. At the same time we strongly advise insertion of a cartilage-perichondrium disk between the eardrum and the implant.

title: [ XXXX ceramic implants (T  bigen type) in middle ear surgery. Report of clinical experiences].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5383 :: ('MESH:D000537', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum oxide']

answer: @entity5383 :: (MESH:D000537,Chemical) :: ['Aluminum oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of acupuncture for @entity1337 during labour. DESIGN: Double-blind study of manual, electro and sham acupuncture, and single-blind study comparing acupuncture with a control group for @entity1337 for labour induction. SETTING: A major obstetric unit in the UK. POPULATION: A cohort of 105 nulliparae undergoing labour induction at term. METHODS: Twenty-three subjects needed to be randomised to each group to have an 80% power of detecting a 50% relative reduction in epidural rate with an alpha value of 0.05. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was the rate of intrapartum epidural @entity1337 , and the secondary end points were parenteral @entity1337 requirement, labour length, delivery mode, neonatal condition and postpartum @entity548 . RESULTS: There was no difference in epidural @entity1337 between acupuncture and sham acupuncture, relative risk 1.18 (95% CI 0.8-1.74), or between acupuncture and control, relative risk 0.88 (95% CI 0.66-1.19). There were no significant differences in the secondary end points between the acupuncture groups and the control group. Side effects or complications of acupuncture were not identified. CONCLUSIONS: Using the protocols studied, there was no analgesic benefit with acupuncture for @entity158 relief during induced labour in nulliparae.

title: Acupuncture for XXXX relief during induced labour in nulliparae: a randomised controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Raynaud?s phenomenon ( @entity6391 ) and cutaneous @entity82 are the distinctive manifestations of @entity2631 , in which @entity2232 plays a fundamental pathogenetic role. Bosentan, an @entity2232 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of @entity120 , retards the beginning of new @entity1066 (DU). This open-label, observational, retrospective study verified the effect of @entity12584 on @entity6391 and skin @entity82 in sclerodermic outpatients affected by @entity120 without DU. Fourteen subjects (13 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; mean age 60    7.5 years; ten with limited and four with @entity7087 ) were observed at baseline (T0) and after four (T1), twelve (T2), twenty-four (T3) and forty-eight (T4) weeks during treatment with Bosentan. They were evaluated for daily quantity and duration of @entity6391 attacks and skin thickness (using modified Rodnan total skin score, @entity72272 ). Videocapillaroscopic evaluation was performed at T0 and T4. Bosentan decreased significantly the number and duration of @entity6391 attacks, beginning at T2 (p<0.05). Videocapillaroscopy showed significant improvement of microcirculatory patterns at T4 (p<0.05). @entity72272 decreased throughout the study, reaching the statistical significance at T3 and T4 (p<0.01) in the whole cohort. The present data suggest that Bosentan is effective in stabilizing the microcirculation involvement and in improving skin @entity82 irrespective of @entity2631 patterns.

title: Bosentan treatment for Raynauds phenomenon and skin XXXX in @entity1 with Systemic Sclerosis and @entity120 : an open-label, observational, retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['sclerodermic digital ulcers']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse scleroderma']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Raynaud?s phenomenon ( @entity6391 ) and cutaneous @entity82 are the distinctive manifestations of @entity2631 , in which @entity2232 plays a fundamental pathogenetic role. Bosentan, an @entity2232 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of @entity120 , retards the beginning of new @entity1066 (DU). This open-label, observational, retrospective study verified the effect of @entity12584 on @entity6391 and skin @entity82 in sclerodermic outpatients affected by @entity120 without DU. Fourteen subjects (13 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; mean age 60    7.5 years; ten with limited and four with @entity7087 ) were observed at baseline (T0) and after four (T1), twelve (T2), twenty-four (T3) and forty-eight (T4) weeks during treatment with Bosentan. They were evaluated for daily quantity and duration of @entity6391 attacks and skin thickness (using modified Rodnan total skin score, @entity72272 ). Videocapillaroscopic evaluation was performed at T0 and T4. Bosentan decreased significantly the number and duration of @entity6391 attacks, beginning at T2 (p<0.05). Videocapillaroscopy showed significant improvement of microcirculatory patterns at T4 (p<0.05). @entity72272 decreased throughout the study, reaching the statistical significance at T3 and T4 (p<0.01) in the whole cohort. The present data suggest that Bosentan is effective in stabilizing the microcirculation involvement and in improving skin @entity82 irrespective of @entity2631 patterns.

title: Bosentan treatment for Raynauds phenomenon and skin @entity82 in @entity1 with Systemic Sclerosis and XXXX : an open-label, observational, retrospective study.

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: Raynaud?s phenomenon ( @entity6391 ) and cutaneous @entity82 are the distinctive manifestations of @entity2631 , in which @entity2232 plays a fundamental pathogenetic role. Bosentan, an @entity2232 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of @entity120 , retards the beginning of new @entity1066 (DU). This open-label, observational, retrospective study verified the effect of @entity12584 on @entity6391 and skin @entity82 in sclerodermic outpatients affected by @entity120 without DU. Fourteen subjects (13 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; mean age 60    7.5 years; ten with limited and four with @entity7087 ) were observed at baseline (T0) and after four (T1), twelve (T2), twenty-four (T3) and forty-eight (T4) weeks during treatment with Bosentan. They were evaluated for daily quantity and duration of @entity6391 attacks and skin thickness (using modified Rodnan total skin score, @entity72272 ). Videocapillaroscopic evaluation was performed at T0 and T4. Bosentan decreased significantly the number and duration of @entity6391 attacks, beginning at T2 (p<0.05). Videocapillaroscopy showed significant improvement of microcirculatory patterns at T4 (p<0.05). @entity72272 decreased throughout the study, reaching the statistical significance at T3 and T4 (p<0.01) in the whole cohort. The present data suggest that Bosentan is effective in stabilizing the microcirculation involvement and in improving skin @entity82 irrespective of @entity2631 patterns.

title: Bosentan treatment for Raynauds phenomenon and skin @entity82 in XXXX with Systemic Sclerosis and @entity120 : an open-label, observational, retrospective study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Melanin is a recognized virulence factor in @entity1327 ; several pathogenetic mechanisms have been suggested. We studied melanin as an antifungal resistance factor. The growth of laccase-active strains of @entity1327 and C. albidus in @entity3034 resulted in the production of black pigment. The formal minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of @entity2379 and @entity2380 were not changed by melanization. However, when we examined those wells which contained inhibited cells, we found live cells only in wells containing melanized @entity1327 . In contrast, melanization did not protect C. albidus from killing by @entity2379 . In an @entity2379 time-kill study of @entity1327 , significantly more melanized cells than non-melanized survived for the first few hours. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses showed that fewer melanized cells were stained with the fluorescent dye MitoRed. Incubation of MitoRed (the model) or @entity2379 with @entity9203 extracted from @entity1327 decreased the free concentrations of these substances. @entity2380 , in contrast, was not removed from solution by melanin. This suggests that neoformans cryptococcal melanin deposited @entity2379 in the cell wall binds, reducing its effective concentrations.

title: Effects of melanin upon susceptibility of XXXX to antifungals.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans', 'C. neoformans']

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus']


abstract: AIM: To describe the ultrastructural changes that occur in @entity1503 as a result of ageing. METHODOLOGY: Thirty samples of healthy dental pulps were obtained from functional @entity1 permanent teeth. Two age groups were examined: young (10-17 years) and old (>60 years). The teeth were extracted under local anaesthesia using @entity10541 without @entity1425 (Scandonest 3%, Septodont, Saint-Maur des Foss  s, France) and split longitudinally in a bench press. The pulps were gently removed, immersed in fixative solution, sectioned and processed by conventional transmission electron microscopic techniques. Micrographs were taken from the endothelium, and the whole capillary area of each vessel was examined. RESULTS: In young pulps, the endothelial cell layer was characterized by the presence of numerous pinocytotic vesicles and microvesicles, RER cisterns, free ribosomes, a small Golgi complex, centrioles, microtubules, microfilaments and mitochondria. In the endothelial cell cytoplasm of older pulpal vessels, pinocytotic vesicles and microvesicles, as well as microfilaments, were more numerous. In addition, lipid-like vacuoles, monogranular glycogen granules and extensive Golgi complexes with dilated cisterns were also present. @entity1053 were observed in both age groups without showing variations related with age. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in capillaries of aged pulpal tissue suggest that the endothelium experiences morphological changes that could be associated with advancing age.

title: Age-related changes in blood capillary endothelium of XXXX dental pulp: an ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal blood capillaries']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Weibel-Palade bodies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In an open, non-comparative study 40 @entity1 with severe, often life-threatening @entity281 , were treated with @entity9102 5.2 g (5 g @entity4967 plus 200 mg @entity798 ) by iv infusion every 6 or 8 h. They were suffering from @entity295 (9), obstructed UTI (8), @entity293 (10), @entity1729 (6), infected burns (4) or @entity12088 (3). Many @entity1 had important aggravating factors such as renal transplantation, peritoneal or haemodialysis, @entity1778 , extensive burns, @entity1290 , tracheostomy and @entity6 . Pathogens included @entity796 (21), @entity526 (7), and other Enterobacteriaceae (6). Twenty-four pathogens (13 @entity796 ) were @entity4967 -resistant. Thirty-six @entity1 were clinically cured including all cases of @entity12088 , @entity281 . Three @entity1 improved and one @entity1 with obstructed @entity293 failed. In 32 @entity1 the pathogen was eradicated, in one @entity1 it persisted and in seven it reappeared. In particular, 11 of 13 @entity1 with @entity281 due to @entity4967 -resistant @entity796 were cured and two improved. There was, however, bacteriological relapse in five. There were no side-effects or evidence of @entity137 in any of the @entity1 . In an in-vitro study a synergistic effect between @entity4967 and @entity798 was noted against Enterobacteriaceae but only a slight synergistic effect against @entity796 . Studies in @entity1 with normal liver and kidney function showed pharmacokinetic compatibility of the two agents. @entity9102 can be recommended for the initial treatment of serious @entity281 .

title: XXXX and @entity798 in serious @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9102 :: ('MESH:C043215', 'Chemical') :: ['Timentin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium clavulanate', 'clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected burns and non-obstructed urinary tract infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity12088 :: ('MESH:D010032', 'Disease') :: ['malignant otitis externa']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'non-obstructed urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity4967 :: (MESH:D013982,Chemical) :: ['Ticarcillin']


abstract: In an open, non-comparative study 40 @entity1 with severe, often life-threatening @entity281 , were treated with @entity9102 5.2 g (5 g @entity4967 plus 200 mg @entity798 ) by iv infusion every 6 or 8 h. They were suffering from @entity295 (9), obstructed UTI (8), @entity293 (10), @entity1729 (6), infected burns (4) or @entity12088 (3). Many @entity1 had important aggravating factors such as renal transplantation, peritoneal or haemodialysis, @entity1778 , extensive burns, @entity1290 , tracheostomy and @entity6 . Pathogens included @entity796 (21), @entity526 (7), and other Enterobacteriaceae (6). Twenty-four pathogens (13 @entity796 ) were @entity4967 -resistant. Thirty-six @entity1 were clinically cured including all cases of @entity12088 , @entity281 . Three @entity1 improved and one @entity1 with obstructed @entity293 failed. In 32 @entity1 the pathogen was eradicated, in one @entity1 it persisted and in seven it reappeared. In particular, 11 of 13 @entity1 with @entity281 due to @entity4967 -resistant @entity796 were cured and two improved. There was, however, bacteriological relapse in five. There were no side-effects or evidence of @entity137 in any of the @entity1 . In an in-vitro study a synergistic effect between @entity4967 and @entity798 was noted against Enterobacteriaceae but only a slight synergistic effect against @entity796 . Studies in @entity1 with normal liver and kidney function showed pharmacokinetic compatibility of the two agents. @entity9102 can be recommended for the initial treatment of serious @entity281 .

title: @entity4967 and XXXX in serious @entity281 .

answer: @entity798 :: (MESH:D019818,Chemical) :: ['clavulanic acid']


abstract: In an open, non-comparative study 40 @entity1 with severe, often life-threatening @entity281 , were treated with @entity9102 5.2 g (5 g @entity4967 plus 200 mg @entity798 ) by iv infusion every 6 or 8 h. They were suffering from @entity295 (9), obstructed UTI (8), @entity293 (10), @entity1729 (6), infected burns (4) or @entity12088 (3). Many @entity1 had important aggravating factors such as renal transplantation, peritoneal or haemodialysis, @entity1778 , extensive burns, @entity1290 , tracheostomy and @entity6 . Pathogens included @entity796 (21), @entity526 (7), and other Enterobacteriaceae (6). Twenty-four pathogens (13 @entity796 ) were @entity4967 -resistant. Thirty-six @entity1 were clinically cured including all cases of @entity12088 , @entity281 . Three @entity1 improved and one @entity1 with obstructed @entity293 failed. In 32 @entity1 the pathogen was eradicated, in one @entity1 it persisted and in seven it reappeared. In particular, 11 of 13 @entity1 with @entity281 due to @entity4967 -resistant @entity796 were cured and two improved. There was, however, bacteriological relapse in five. There were no side-effects or evidence of @entity137 in any of the @entity1 . In an in-vitro study a synergistic effect between @entity4967 and @entity798 was noted against Enterobacteriaceae but only a slight synergistic effect against @entity796 . Studies in @entity1 with normal liver and kidney function showed pharmacokinetic compatibility of the two agents. @entity9102 can be recommended for the initial treatment of serious @entity281 .

title: @entity4967 and @entity798 in serious XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bos d 2, a major @entity291 allergen of the lipocalin family, stimulates very weakly @entity291 dust-asthmatic subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the spleen cells of several inbred @entity19 strains immunized with the allergen. OBJECTIVE: To identify the immune mechanisms accounting for the weak stimulatory capacity of Bos d 2. METHODS: The spleen cell responses of BALB/c @entity19 immunized with the allergen and with hen egg lysozyme and @entity116 toxoid as control antigens were examined using several in vitro methods. RESULTS: Analysis of the numbers of spleen cells in the antigen-stimulated in vitro cultures with the vital dye @entity10713 showed that Bos d 2 induced a smaller expansion of cells in comparison with the control antigens. Increased cell death in vitro did not account for the weak response against Bos d 2. The number of spleen cells reacting against Bos d 2 also proved to be the lowest when they were analysed by labelling the stimulated cells with @entity22139 or by enumerating cytokine-secreting cells by ELISPOT. Eliminating CD8+ cells in the in vitro culture did not enhance the response against Bos d 2. Bos d 2 was also the weakest of the antigens to stimulate the production of soluble cytokines. Adding @entity2047 , @entity58 or antibody against TGF-beta in the antigen-stimulated spleen cell cultures enhanced the proliferative responses against all the antigens, whereas adding IL-12 or antibody against @entity58 or @entity1618 did not enhance the responses. CONCLUSION: The results exclude several mechanisms of peripheral tolerance as an explanation for the poor immune response against Bos d 2, and suggest that the allergen is recognized by a low number of specific T cells. The weak immunogenicity of Bos d 2 may be related to its allergenicity.

title: Probing the mechanisms of low immunogenicity of a lipocalin allergen, Bos d 2, in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity10713 :: ('MESH:C025942', 'Chemical') :: ['7-amino-actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity22139 :: ('MESH:C087165', 'Chemical') :: ['5-6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The mechanism of macrophage activation was studied using three activating substances, @entity840 macrophage activation factor (MAF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muramyl dipeptide ( @entity7192 ). @entity840 peritoneal exudate macrophages were activated to exhibit the accelerated @entity413 consumption in response to these activating substances. Calmodulin-specific inhibitors, @entity6105 and No. 233, inhibited macrophage activation with MAF and LPS, while these inhibitors did not affect the activation with @entity7192 . @entity141 uptake into macrophages was enhanced in MAF-treated macrophages, but LPS and @entity7192 did not affect the @entity141 uptake. @entity8776 and @entity18150 , inhibitors of transglutaminase-dependent protein internalization into cells and/or of lysosomal enzymes, effectively inhibited the activating effect of LPS, but not those of MAF and @entity7192 . These results suggest that @entity141 and calmodulin play a role in macrophage activation with MAF, and neither transglutaminase-dependent internalization nor lysosomal enzymes participate in the activation process. In case of LPS, internalization into cells would be necessary for its activating effect. The processing of the contrary, since the activating effect of @entity7192 was not affected by any of these inhibitors, the mechanism of activation with @entity7192 remains obscure. Thus, the mechanisms of macrophage activation with MAF, LPS and @entity7192 appear to be different from each other.

title: Different mechanisms of macrophage activation with XXXX macrophage activation factor, lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide.

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pig', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity18150 :: ('MESH:C041564', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylamine']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: The clinical, microbiologic, and cytologic features of the @entity840 model of @entity9849 with enterobacteria, @entity2491 were elucidated. @entity840 eyes were instilled with @entity2491 and the eyes were studied by biomicroscopy, culture, cytology, pathology, and electron microscopy. All animals developed moderate to severe @entity2024 that was present in 18% of the animals on day 1. It became more intense, appearing in all of the eyes on day 10 and disappeared before day 30. The cultures for @entity2491 were almost all positive on days 1 and 2, declined steadily to 10% on day 10, and were negative after that. A coarse, @entity1036 was present in more than 90% of the infected eyes at some time during the experiment. The @entity1036 had a biphasic clinical course. The first peak correlated with the maximum culture results, but during the second peak only 10% of the cultures were positive. Electron microscopy of the @entity267 showed the @entity2491 at the epithelial surface within surface epithelial cells during the early phases of infection. The later phase @entity1036 , with negative culture results, resembles the @entity1036 of @entity6104 .

title: Experimental XXXX ocular infection by @entity2491 .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis', 'epithelial punctate keratitis']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ["Reiter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: The clinical, microbiologic, and cytologic features of the @entity840 model of @entity9849 with enterobacteria, @entity2491 were elucidated. @entity840 eyes were instilled with @entity2491 and the eyes were studied by biomicroscopy, culture, cytology, pathology, and electron microscopy. All animals developed moderate to severe @entity2024 that was present in 18% of the animals on day 1. It became more intense, appearing in all of the eyes on day 10 and disappeared before day 30. The cultures for @entity2491 were almost all positive on days 1 and 2, declined steadily to 10% on day 10, and were negative after that. A coarse, @entity1036 was present in more than 90% of the infected eyes at some time during the experiment. The @entity1036 had a biphasic clinical course. The first peak correlated with the maximum culture results, but during the second peak only 10% of the cultures were positive. Electron microscopy of the @entity267 showed the @entity2491 at the epithelial surface within surface epithelial cells during the early phases of infection. The later phase @entity1036 , with negative culture results, resembles the @entity1036 of @entity6104 .

title: Experimental @entity840 ocular infection by XXXX .

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity910 are a group of delayed-onset @entity910 induced by a @entity935 receptor blocking agent. There are several phenomenologically distinct types of @entity1950 . REVIEW SUMMARY: The term @entity910 has been used to refer to the @entity1950 that presents with rapid, repetitive, stereotypic movements mostly involving the oral, buccal, and lingual areas. @entity3519 can be focal, segmental, or generalized. It commonly affects the face and neck followed by the arms and trunk. It usually results in retrocollis when it involves the neck and trunk arching backwards when it involves the trunk. Tardive @entity2146 is characterized by a feeling of inner @entity2146 and jitteriness with an inability to sit or stand still. Other @entity910 include @entity1775 , @entity2045 , @entity400 , and @entity3347 . It remains unclear whether @entity717 truly exists. The only way to prevent @entity1950 is to avoid its etiologic agents. Chronic use of @entity935 receptor blocking agents should be limited as much as possible to @entity1 with chronic @entity914 . In general, for mild @entity1950 , reducing the neuroleptic dose, switching to an atypical agent, or discontinuing antipsychotic treatment altogether in the hope of facilitating remission is recommended. For moderate to severe @entity1950 , @entity1773 or @entity2515 may be the most effective agent. Neuroleptics should be resumed to treat @entity8527 in the absence of active @entity716 only as a last resort for persistent, disabling, and treatment-resistant @entity8527 . CONCLUSIONS: The severity of the @entity1950 and the absolute need for antipsychotic therapy often dictate the treatment approach for this disorder.

title: Classification and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal-emergent syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1775 :: ('MESH:D020323', 'Disease') :: ['tardive tics']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Tardive syndromes', 'abnormal involuntary movement disorders', 'tardive dyskinesia', 'tardive syndromes']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['restlessness', 'akathisia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1773 :: ('MESH:D013747', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrabenazine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['tardive parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['Tardive dystonia']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['tardive syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Estimates of excess risk of @entity340 among prior users of @entity4899 and @entity12839 have varied widely. Two major forms of bias appear to contribute to this variability and also result in a systematic under-estimation of risk. The first, a form of nondifferential misclassification, is the result of including background, prevalent cases among both exposed and unexposed @entity1 in calculations of risk. The second bias results from not considering the relatively short duration of exposure to drugs. METHODS: We examined data from all available echocardiographic studies reporting the prevalence of @entity337 ( @entity337 ) and @entity339 ( @entity339 ) among @entity1 exposed to @entity4899 or @entity12839 and a suitable control group. We also included one study in which previously existing @entity337 or @entity339 had been excluded. We corrected for background prevalent cases, estimated incidence rates in unexposed @entity1 , and performed a @entity1 -years analysis of apparent incidence rates based on exposure time to provide an unbiased estimate of relative risk. RESULTS: Appearance of new @entity337 was strongly related to duration of exposure (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.0001). The summary relative risk for mild or greater @entity337 was 19.6 (95% CI 16.3-23.5, p < 0.00001); for moderate or greater @entity339 it was 5.9 (95% CI 4.0-8.6, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: These findings provide strong support for the view that @entity4899 and @entity12839 are potent causal factors in the development of both aortic and mitral @entity340 .

title: Risk of XXXX associated with use of @entity4899 .

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity12839 :: ('MESH:D020372', 'Chemical') :: ['dexfenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Estimates of excess risk of @entity340 among prior users of @entity4899 and @entity12839 have varied widely. Two major forms of bias appear to contribute to this variability and also result in a systematic under-estimation of risk. The first, a form of nondifferential misclassification, is the result of including background, prevalent cases among both exposed and unexposed @entity1 in calculations of risk. The second bias results from not considering the relatively short duration of exposure to drugs. METHODS: We examined data from all available echocardiographic studies reporting the prevalence of @entity337 ( @entity337 ) and @entity339 ( @entity339 ) among @entity1 exposed to @entity4899 or @entity12839 and a suitable control group. We also included one study in which previously existing @entity337 or @entity339 had been excluded. We corrected for background prevalent cases, estimated incidence rates in unexposed @entity1 , and performed a @entity1 -years analysis of apparent incidence rates based on exposure time to provide an unbiased estimate of relative risk. RESULTS: Appearance of new @entity337 was strongly related to duration of exposure (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.0001). The summary relative risk for mild or greater @entity337 was 19.6 (95% CI 16.3-23.5, p < 0.00001); for moderate or greater @entity339 it was 5.9 (95% CI 4.0-8.6, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: These findings provide strong support for the view that @entity4899 and @entity12839 are potent causal factors in the development of both aortic and mitral @entity340 .

title: Risk of @entity340 associated with use of XXXX .

answer: @entity4899 :: (MESH:D005277,Chemical) :: ['fenfluramine']


abstract: A case of spontaneous spinal extradural @entity1410 was reported. The @entity1 , a 25-year-old housewife, was hospitalized with back @entity158 , followed by @entity912 of both legs and urinary disturbance during next 2 hours. A myelogram demonstrated that contrast medium was incompletely blocked at the level from the 3rd to the 4th thoracic spine by extradural mass. Unfortunately X-ray CT scan was not examined, however, a NMR-CT scan excluded disc protrusion and dissecting @entity439 of the aorta. Eight hours after onset, wide laminectomy was performed as emergency operation and an @entity4282 located in the ventral side with compression of the thoracic cord was removed as completely as possible. She was discharged with excellent recovery after operation. The spontaneous @entity4282 is rare emergency. The exact etiology is unknown, and no explanation is offered as to why the @entity1410 is usually dorsal in location. To our knowledge, only three cases of @entity4282 which located in the ventral side were reported. Considering from our experience and other reports, it seems to be the most important point to avoid the unnecessary pressure on the spinal cord and to search the exact @entity548 point in the operative procedure of @entity4282 .

title: [Spontaneous extradural XXXX localized in the ventral side of the thoracic spinal cord--a case report].

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma', 'spinal epidural hematoma', 'ventral epidural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: The association between calcification of the coronary arteries and coronary artery narrowing is well established. However, fluoroscopic visualization of coronary calcifications has been insufficiently sensitive to be useful as a screening test. Since digitization of radiographic images permits the subtraction of noncardiac structures from moving cardiac structures, such subtraction might increase the sensitivity of coronary fluoroscopy. To determine whether coronary calcifications were better visualized with digital subtraction fluoroscopy than with conventional fluoroscopy, we taped diseased @entity1 coronary arteries to a pulsating water balloon inside the thorax of a @entity235 cadaver and studied this model with both fluoroscopic techniques. @entity731 were more easily identified with digital subtraction fluoroscopy than with conventional fluoroscopy. We tested the method clinically by submitting 191 subjects without history or electrocardiographic evidence of previous @entity583 who were referred for coronary arteriography to both fluoroscopic studies. For at least one, at least two, and three calcified coronary arteries, digital fluoroscopy was more sensitive (92%, 66%, and 40%) than conventional fluoroscopy (63%, 21%, and 2%) (all p less than .001) for the prediction of significant @entity301 (greater than 50%). Although digital fluoroscopy was less specific than conventional fluoroscopy (digital: 65%, 89%, and 97%; conventional: 81%, 98%, and 100%) (all but last, p less than .01), receiver operating curve analysis revealed a significantly larger area under the curve, indicating higher accuracy for the digital technique (p = .03). Digital subtraction fluoroscopy was more accurate in younger than in older @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Digital subtraction fluoroscopy: a new method of detecting coronary calcifications with improved sensitivity for the prediction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary obstructions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Calcific atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']