abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) are a common cause of food refusal, @entity11360 , but they may be difficult to diagnose. We have previously identified certain patterns of pathological feeding and behaviors as high-risk characteristics for @entity74 and subsequently developed the diagnostic Wolfson criteria. Here, we evaluate these high-risk behaviors and prospectively compare the Wolfson criteria with 2 existing classifications of @entity4329 , the Chatoor and that in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 and young @entity1 referred for food refusal were invited to participate by completing a feeding pattern questionnaire. Following physicians' interview and examination, @entity1 were scored by all 3 criteria and enrolled in a structured treatment program for @entity4329 . @entity1 whose food refusal was associated with an organic cause served as a comparison group. The ability of the criteria to detect @entity4329 and to predict response to therapy was compared with an intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-five @entity1 with new-onset @entity4329 and 55 controls were included. The Wolfson criteria, Chatoor, and DSM-IV accurately diagnosed 100%, 77%, and 56% of the @entity1 with @entity4329 , respectively. Anticipatory gagging occurred in 47% of the @entity1 with @entity4329 compared to 2% controls (P < 0.001). The response to therapy was similar among the 3 criteria (73-76%), suggesting that the Wolfson criteria did not incorrectly diagnose @entity347 as @entity4329 . The 20 @entity1 who were diagnosed as having @entity4329 by Wolfson but not by Chatoor responded equally well (80%) to an @entity4329 treatment program. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic criteria of @entity4329 that are based on food refusal, pathological feeding, and anticipatory gagging have a higher detection rate than the present criteria and are simpler to implement.

title: Screening criteria for diagnosis of XXXX as a cause of poor feeding or food refusal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity11360 :: ('MESH:D005183', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive, and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile feeding disorders', 'IFDs']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['infantile feeding disorders']


abstract: Emergency pneumonectomy for penetrating and blunt @entity130 has an attendant high mortality. @entity1 with @entity651 presenting with @entity1162 followed by control of @entity548 , resuscitation with or without aortic cross-clamping and pneumonectomy have had uniformly unsatisfactory results. From 1972 to 1982, eight @entity1 at the University of Louisville Hospital underwent emergency pneumonectomy. All @entity1 underwent expeditious evaluation, resuscitation, and thoracotomy with pneumonectomy. Three @entity1 died of exsanguination (2 @entity1 had major associated intra-abdominal injuries). Three other @entity1 died due to @entity3126 and @entity67 2 to 3 hours after @entity548 had been controlled and intravascular volume restored. Aortic cross-clamping was employed in four @entity1 due to persistent @entity3485 with 100 per cent mortality. Of the two surviving @entity1 , one presented with stable blood pressure and had pneumonectomy for @entity952 , while the other had pneumonectomy for tangential laceration of the lung at the hilum. @entity3126 and @entity67 were responsible for mortality following emergency pneumonectomy and control of @entity548 and restoration of blood volume. The addition of aortic cross-clamping did not seem to alter survival and may, indeed, hinder therapy due to increased vascular afterload and increased @entity712 and @entity3126 .

title: Emergency pneumonectomy for penetrating and blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema', 'Pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['major lung injuries']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial disruption']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged shock']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: This is a personal assessment of true major @entity6866 and the other reflex @entity3986 , related but distinctly separate entities. The clinical picture of @entity6866 differs only in minor respects from that described by Mitchell over 120 years ago. Its management has, however, been clarified, largely through the extensive experiences of World War II. It is readily recognized and can be treated effectively by sympathetic blocks or sympathectomy together with active exercise. The other reflex @entity3986 are far less understood. They appear to have a similar pattern in their early phase and to respond well to a program of exercise and control of @entity4 --a regimen which, because of @entity158 and paresis, cannot be carried out without sympathetic blocks or occasionally sympathectomy. When not recognized early and treated properly, the sympatomatology usually changes dramatically and treatment differs. Often control of @entity4 and active use of the affected part are all that is necessary. Sometimes, in addition to these measures, sympathetic blocks or sympathectomy is required. Guidelines found useful in management are outlined. Puzzling features are discussed.

title: A personal overview of @entity6866 and other reflex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity6866 :: ('MESH:D002422', 'Disease') :: ['causalgia']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['dystrophies']


abstract: This is a personal assessment of true major @entity6866 and the other reflex @entity3986 , related but distinctly separate entities. The clinical picture of @entity6866 differs only in minor respects from that described by Mitchell over 120 years ago. Its management has, however, been clarified, largely through the extensive experiences of World War II. It is readily recognized and can be treated effectively by sympathetic blocks or sympathectomy together with active exercise. The other reflex @entity3986 are far less understood. They appear to have a similar pattern in their early phase and to respond well to a program of exercise and control of @entity4 --a regimen which, because of @entity158 and paresis, cannot be carried out without sympathetic blocks or occasionally sympathectomy. When not recognized early and treated properly, the sympatomatology usually changes dramatically and treatment differs. Often control of @entity4 and active use of the affected part are all that is necessary. Sometimes, in addition to these measures, sympathetic blocks or sympathectomy is required. Guidelines found useful in management are outlined. Puzzling features are discussed.

title: A personal overview of XXXX and other reflex @entity3986 .

answer: @entity6866 :: (MESH:D002422,Disease) :: ['causalgia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although previous evidence has shown that ultrasound is unreliable to diagnose undescended testis, many @entity298 ( @entity298 ) continue to misuse it. We assessed the performance of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for palpable undescended testis, as well as the diagnostic agreement between @entity298 and pediatric urologists. METHODS: We performed a prospective observational cohort study between 2011 and 2013 for consecutive @entity1 referred with a diagnosis of undescended testis to our tertiary pediatric hospital. @entity1 referred without an ultrasound and those with non-palpable @entity1062 were excluded. Data on referring diagnosis, pediatric urology examination and ultrasound reports were analyzed. RESULTS: Our study consisted of 339 @entity1 . Of these, @entity1 without an ultrasound (n = 132) and those with non-palpable @entity1062 (n = 38) were excluded. In the end, there were 169 pateints in this study. Ultrasound was performed in 50% of referred @entity1 showing 256 undescended testis. The mean age at time of referral was 45 months. When ultrasound was compared to physical examination by the pediatric urologist, agreement was only 34%. The performance of ultrasound for palpable undescended testis was: sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 16%; positive predictive value = 34%; negative predictive value = 100%; positive likelihood ratio = 1.2; and negative likelihood ratio = 0. Diagnosis of undescended testis by @entity298 was confirmed by physical examination in 30% of cases, with 70% re-diagnosed with normal or retractile @entity1062 . CONCLUSION: Ultrasound performed poorly to assess for palpable undescended testis in @entity1 and should not be used. Although the study has important limitations, there is an increasing need for education and evidence-based guidelines for @entity298 in the management of undescended testis.

title: Misuse of ultrasound for palpable undescended testis by XXXX : A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['PCP', 'primary care providers']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['primary care providers']


abstract: @entity979 ( @entity979 ) is a @entity395 , first classified by World Health Organisation in 2000. There are very few published data available and optimal management is yet to be determined. Management has varied from surgery alone to craniospinal radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. We present our experience of @entity979 treated with radiotherapy alone. We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity979 and treated with radiation therapy at our institute from 2010 onwards. Between January 2010 to January 2013, 5 @entity1 of @entity979 were treated at our institute. Median age is 44 (range 24-62). All @entity1 had preoperative MRI scan of brain and spine. Imaging did not identify any spinal dissemination. None of the @entity1 underwent a gross total resection, due to the @entity5 location and technical difficulties. All @entity1 were treated with external beam radiation therapy to @entity75 only with a dose of 54  Gy in 30 fractions after surgery. 4 @entity1 had good partial response and the remaining 1 has stable disease. After 21.4  months of median follow up no disease recurrence was reported. So far there is no evidence of cerebral @entity62 on MRI scan or @entity149 . Our experience indicated that localised radiation therapy could be an effective treatment strategy for @entity979 , considering the long natural course of the disease and the late adverse effects of intensive treatment.

title: Are we over treating XXXX ? Assessing the role of localised radiation therapy and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['PPTID', 'Pineal Parenchymal tumour with intermediate differentiation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter abnormalities']

answer: @entity979 :: (MESH:D010871,Disease) :: ['Pineal Parenchymal tumour with intermediate differentiation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The bugeye mutant has an @entity2194 , presumably because of @entity2790 . Since @entity2790 is a significant risk factor for @entity726 , the bugeye @entity3392 mutant may be a model organism for the disease. METHODS: The optomotor response (OMR) was used to assess visual responsiveness in both larval and adult @entity3392 . Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded to measure outer retinal function, and histologic analyses were performed on @entity164 and mutant eyes. RESULTS: At 5 days old, bugeye mutants have an OMR, ERGs, and retinal morphology indistinguishable from those of @entity164 ( @entity164 ) animals. By 2 months of age, bugeye mutants begin to develop an @entity2194 . At 3 months, some mutants show deficits in the OMR assay, including lower contrast sensitivity. The data suggest that there is a correlation between the size of the enlarged eye and the degree of @entity51 . Histologic analysis of the bugeye mutant retina revealed @entity2479 cell densities by 3 months. By 5 months, the mutant's ERG b-wave had smaller amplitudes and longer latencies at brighter light intensities than those of the @entity164 fish. CONCLUSION: After phenotypic onset at 3 months, the bugeye mutants begin to develop @entity227 . At 3 months, bugeye mutants exhibit a decrease in retinal cell densities and by 5 months, they show diminished outer retinal function. In summary, the bugeye mutant provides a means of studying @entity726 -associated phenotypes in the @entity3392 .

title: The bugeye mutant @entity3392 exhibits XXXX that arise with the onset of an @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged eye phenotype']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['OMR deficit']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual deficits']


abstract: PURPOSE: The bugeye mutant has an @entity2194 , presumably because of @entity2790 . Since @entity2790 is a significant risk factor for @entity726 , the bugeye @entity3392 mutant may be a model organism for the disease. METHODS: The optomotor response (OMR) was used to assess visual responsiveness in both larval and adult @entity3392 . Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded to measure outer retinal function, and histologic analyses were performed on @entity164 and mutant eyes. RESULTS: At 5 days old, bugeye mutants have an OMR, ERGs, and retinal morphology indistinguishable from those of @entity164 ( @entity164 ) animals. By 2 months of age, bugeye mutants begin to develop an @entity2194 . At 3 months, some mutants show deficits in the OMR assay, including lower contrast sensitivity. The data suggest that there is a correlation between the size of the enlarged eye and the degree of @entity51 . Histologic analysis of the bugeye mutant retina revealed @entity2479 cell densities by 3 months. By 5 months, the mutant's ERG b-wave had smaller amplitudes and longer latencies at brighter light intensities than those of the @entity164 fish. CONCLUSION: After phenotypic onset at 3 months, the bugeye mutants begin to develop @entity227 . At 3 months, bugeye mutants exhibit a decrease in retinal cell densities and by 5 months, they show diminished outer retinal function. In summary, the bugeye mutant provides a means of studying @entity726 -associated phenotypes in the @entity3392 .

title: The bugeye mutant @entity3392 exhibits @entity227 that arise with the onset of an XXXX .

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['enlarged eye phenotype']


abstract: PURPOSE: The bugeye mutant has an @entity2194 , presumably because of @entity2790 . Since @entity2790 is a significant risk factor for @entity726 , the bugeye @entity3392 mutant may be a model organism for the disease. METHODS: The optomotor response (OMR) was used to assess visual responsiveness in both larval and adult @entity3392 . Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded to measure outer retinal function, and histologic analyses were performed on @entity164 and mutant eyes. RESULTS: At 5 days old, bugeye mutants have an OMR, ERGs, and retinal morphology indistinguishable from those of @entity164 ( @entity164 ) animals. By 2 months of age, bugeye mutants begin to develop an @entity2194 . At 3 months, some mutants show deficits in the OMR assay, including lower contrast sensitivity. The data suggest that there is a correlation between the size of the enlarged eye and the degree of @entity51 . Histologic analysis of the bugeye mutant retina revealed @entity2479 cell densities by 3 months. By 5 months, the mutant's ERG b-wave had smaller amplitudes and longer latencies at brighter light intensities than those of the @entity164 fish. CONCLUSION: After phenotypic onset at 3 months, the bugeye mutants begin to develop @entity227 . At 3 months, bugeye mutants exhibit a decrease in retinal cell densities and by 5 months, they show diminished outer retinal function. In summary, the bugeye mutant provides a means of studying @entity726 -associated phenotypes in the @entity3392 .

title: The bugeye mutant XXXX exhibits @entity227 that arise with the onset of an @entity2194 .

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Though the mechanisms of continence after proctocolectomy and @entity4628 -anal @entity254 have been studied, functions of the small intestine have received little attention. However, frequent stools and urgency plague some @entity1 who are otherwise quite continent. Motility of the jejunum and ileum was assessed in eight @entity1 with @entity31 who were studied 4 to 24 months after proctocolectomy and @entity4628 -anal @entity254 ; these findings were compared to those in six healthy volunteers. Continuous manometric recordings from the small bowel were obtained in both groups for 16 to 23 hours of @entity4053 ; postprandial recordings were made for 6 hours following a mixed meal (800 kcal, 20% protein, 40% fat, 40% @entity1735 ) in the ileoanal @entity1 . The duration, velocity of propagation, and periodicity of the migrating motor complex did not differ between the groups (P greater than 0.05). Discrete bursts of clustered contractions were recorded from all of the controls and in five of eight @entity1 . Likewise, we recorded from all controls and five of eight @entity1 large amplitude, prolonged waves of pressure which propagated distally. However, in controls these large amplitude waves were confined to the terminal ileum, but in @entity1 these were detected in the jejunoileum, up to 125 cm proximal to the @entity4628 . We conclude that jejunoileal motility is not greatly altered by proctocolectomy with @entity4628 -anal @entity254 . However, the appearance of the large amplitude, rapidly propagating waves in the proximal jejunoileum after operation may be a response to increased storage within and distention of the distal bowel.

title: Motility of the small intestine after proctocolectomy and @entity4628 -anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Though the mechanisms of continence after proctocolectomy and @entity4628 -anal @entity254 have been studied, functions of the small intestine have received little attention. However, frequent stools and urgency plague some @entity1 who are otherwise quite continent. Motility of the jejunum and ileum was assessed in eight @entity1 with @entity31 who were studied 4 to 24 months after proctocolectomy and @entity4628 -anal @entity254 ; these findings were compared to those in six healthy volunteers. Continuous manometric recordings from the small bowel were obtained in both groups for 16 to 23 hours of @entity4053 ; postprandial recordings were made for 6 hours following a mixed meal (800 kcal, 20% protein, 40% fat, 40% @entity1735 ) in the ileoanal @entity1 . The duration, velocity of propagation, and periodicity of the migrating motor complex did not differ between the groups (P greater than 0.05). Discrete bursts of clustered contractions were recorded from all of the controls and in five of eight @entity1 . Likewise, we recorded from all controls and five of eight @entity1 large amplitude, prolonged waves of pressure which propagated distally. However, in controls these large amplitude waves were confined to the terminal ileum, but in @entity1 these were detected in the jejunoileum, up to 125 cm proximal to the @entity4628 . We conclude that jejunoileal motility is not greatly altered by proctocolectomy with @entity4628 -anal @entity254 . However, the appearance of the large amplitude, rapidly propagating waves in the proximal jejunoileum after operation may be a response to increased storage within and distention of the distal bowel.

title: Motility of the small intestine after proctocolectomy and XXXX -anal @entity254 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4628 :: (MESH:D007077,Disease) :: ['ileal pouch']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The best method for managing large bone defects during revision knee arthroplasty is unknown. Metaphyseal fixation using porous @entity11608 cones has been proposed for severe @entity604 . Whether this approach achieves osseointegration with low complication rates is unclear. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore asked: (1) What is the risk of @entity281 in revision knee arthroplasty with large bone defects reconstructed with porous @entity11608 cones? (2) What is the rate of osseointegration with these cones? (3) What is the rate of loosening and reoperation? (4) Is knee function restored? METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 27 @entity1 who had 33 @entity11608 cones (nine femoral, 24 tibial) implanted during 27 revision knee arthroplasties. There were 14 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 with a mean age of 64.6 years. Preoperative diagnosis was reimplantation for @entity281 in 13 knees, @entity1349 in 10, and wear- @entity3061 in four. @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiographically using the score systems of the Knee Society and followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 3.3 years; range, 2-5.7 years). RESULTS: One knee with two cones was removed for @entity281 . All but one cone showed osseointegration. One knee was revised for femoral cone and component loosening. There was one reoperation for femoral shaft @entity174 and one for superficial dehiscence. The mean Knee Society @entity158 score improved from 40 points preoperatively to 79 points postoperatively. The mean function score improved from 19 points to 47 points. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest metaphyseal fixation with @entity11608 cones can be achieved. Longer-term followup is required to determine whether the fixation is durable.

title: Can XXXX cones provide fixation in complex revision knee arthroplasty?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity11608 :: (MESH:D013635,Chemical) :: ['tantalum']


abstract: Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) has been used to noninvasively provide 3D images of absolute @entity26 concentration ( @entity4095 ) in small animals. These @entity26 images are well resolved both spatially (~1  mm) and in @entity4095 (1-3  mmHg). EPRI preclinical images of @entity4095 have demonstrated extremely promising results for various applications investigating @entity26 related physiologic and biologic processes as well as the dependence of various disease states on @entity4095 , such as the role of @entity519 in @entity5 .Recent developments have been made that help to progress EPRI towards the eventual goal of @entity1 application. For example, a bimodal crossed-wire surface coil has been developed. Very preliminary tests demonstrated a 20  dB isolation between transmit and receive for this coil, with an anticipated additional 20  dB achievable. This could potentially be used to image local @entity4095 in @entity1 subjects with superficial @entity5 with EPRI. Local excitation and detection will reduce the specific absorption rate limitations on images and eliminate any possible power deposition concerns. Additionally, a large 9  mT EPRI magnet has been constructed which can fit and provide static main and gradient fields for imaging local anatomy in an entire @entity1 . One potential obstacle that must be overcome in order to use EPRI to image @entity1 is the approved use of the requisite EPRI spin probe imaging agent ( @entity72798 ). While nontoxic, EPRI @entity72798 spin probes have been injected intravenously when imaging small animals, and require relatively high total body injection doses that would not be suitable for @entity1 imaging applications. Work has been done demonstrating the alternative use of intratumoral (IT) injections, which can reduce the amount of @entity72798 required for imaging by a factor of 2000- relative to a whole body intravenous injection.The development of a large magnet that can accommodate @entity1 subjects, the design of a surface coil for imaging of superficial @entity4095 , and the reduction of required spin probe using IT injections all are crucial steps towards the eventual use of EPRI to image @entity4095 in @entity1 subjects. In the future this can help investigate the oxygenation status of superficial @entity5 (e.g., @entity0 ). The ability to image @entity4095 in @entity1 has many other potential applications to diseases such as @entity1095 , @entity299 , and @entity64 .

title: Towards @entity1 XXXX Images with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) has been used to noninvasively provide 3D images of absolute @entity26 concentration ( @entity4095 ) in small animals. These @entity26 images are well resolved both spatially (~1  mm) and in @entity4095 (1-3  mmHg). EPRI preclinical images of @entity4095 have demonstrated extremely promising results for various applications investigating @entity26 related physiologic and biologic processes as well as the dependence of various disease states on @entity4095 , such as the role of @entity519 in @entity5 .Recent developments have been made that help to progress EPRI towards the eventual goal of @entity1 application. For example, a bimodal crossed-wire surface coil has been developed. Very preliminary tests demonstrated a 20  dB isolation between transmit and receive for this coil, with an anticipated additional 20  dB achievable. This could potentially be used to image local @entity4095 in @entity1 subjects with superficial @entity5 with EPRI. Local excitation and detection will reduce the specific absorption rate limitations on images and eliminate any possible power deposition concerns. Additionally, a large 9  mT EPRI magnet has been constructed which can fit and provide static main and gradient fields for imaging local anatomy in an entire @entity1 . One potential obstacle that must be overcome in order to use EPRI to image @entity1 is the approved use of the requisite EPRI spin probe imaging agent ( @entity72798 ). While nontoxic, EPRI @entity72798 spin probes have been injected intravenously when imaging small animals, and require relatively high total body injection doses that would not be suitable for @entity1 imaging applications. Work has been done demonstrating the alternative use of intratumoral (IT) injections, which can reduce the amount of @entity72798 required for imaging by a factor of 2000- relative to a whole body intravenous injection.The development of a large magnet that can accommodate @entity1 subjects, the design of a surface coil for imaging of superficial @entity4095 , and the reduction of required spin probe using IT injections all are crucial steps towards the eventual use of EPRI to image @entity4095 in @entity1 subjects. In the future this can help investigate the oxygenation status of superficial @entity5 (e.g., @entity0 ). The ability to image @entity4095 in @entity1 has many other potential applications to diseases such as @entity1095 , @entity299 , and @entity64 .

title: Towards XXXX @entity26 Images with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Both the @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and the @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) play important roles with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) progression and @entity3 . Notably, the @entity1570 ( @entity1570 ) is an important chemokine involved in @entity157 pathology. However, the influence of @entity2290 on @entity1570 expression in @entity1 @entity157 cells remains unknown. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of @entity1570 expression through @entity2290 stimulation in @entity1 @entity157 SK-Hep-1 cells. SK-Hep-1 cells stimulation with @entity2290 induced increases in the expression and secretion of @entity1570 . By using specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA, we have demonstrated that the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways are critical for @entity2290 -induced @entity1570 expression. Transcription factor ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that @entity2290 increase @entity3419 - and AP-1-DNA-binding activities in SK-Hep-1 cells. Inhibition of @entity3419 and AP-1 activations by specific siRNAs blocked the @entity2290 -induced @entity1570 promoter activity and expression. The effect of @entity2290 on SK-Hep-1 signaling and @entity1570 expression is mediated by @entity10431 . In summary, our findings serve to elucidate the @entity2290 / @entity10431 downstream signaling, providing new insight into the function of @entity2290 in @entity157 cells.

title: Urokinase induces @entity1570 expression in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1570 :: ('6387', 'Gene') :: ['stromal cell-derived factor-1', 'SDF-1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'regard to hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Both the @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and the @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) play important roles with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) progression and @entity3 . Notably, the @entity1570 ( @entity1570 ) is an important chemokine involved in @entity157 pathology. However, the influence of @entity2290 on @entity1570 expression in @entity1 @entity157 cells remains unknown. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of @entity1570 expression through @entity2290 stimulation in @entity1 @entity157 SK-Hep-1 cells. SK-Hep-1 cells stimulation with @entity2290 induced increases in the expression and secretion of @entity1570 . By using specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA, we have demonstrated that the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways are critical for @entity2290 -induced @entity1570 expression. Transcription factor ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that @entity2290 increase @entity3419 - and AP-1-DNA-binding activities in SK-Hep-1 cells. Inhibition of @entity3419 and AP-1 activations by specific siRNAs blocked the @entity2290 -induced @entity1570 promoter activity and expression. The effect of @entity2290 on SK-Hep-1 signaling and @entity1570 expression is mediated by @entity10431 . In summary, our findings serve to elucidate the @entity2290 / @entity10431 downstream signaling, providing new insight into the function of @entity2290 in @entity157 cells.

title: Urokinase induces XXXX expression in @entity1 @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity1570 :: (6387,Gene) :: ['stromal cell-derived factor-1']


abstract: Both the @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and the @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) play important roles with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) progression and @entity3 . Notably, the @entity1570 ( @entity1570 ) is an important chemokine involved in @entity157 pathology. However, the influence of @entity2290 on @entity1570 expression in @entity1 @entity157 cells remains unknown. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of @entity1570 expression through @entity2290 stimulation in @entity1 @entity157 SK-Hep-1 cells. SK-Hep-1 cells stimulation with @entity2290 induced increases in the expression and secretion of @entity1570 . By using specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA, we have demonstrated that the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways are critical for @entity2290 -induced @entity1570 expression. Transcription factor ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that @entity2290 increase @entity3419 - and AP-1-DNA-binding activities in SK-Hep-1 cells. Inhibition of @entity3419 and AP-1 activations by specific siRNAs blocked the @entity2290 -induced @entity1570 promoter activity and expression. The effect of @entity2290 on SK-Hep-1 signaling and @entity1570 expression is mediated by @entity10431 . In summary, our findings serve to elucidate the @entity2290 / @entity10431 downstream signaling, providing new insight into the function of @entity2290 in @entity157 cells.

title: Urokinase induces @entity1570 expression in XXXX @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomere length reflects biological age and is inversely associated with risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Ambient air pollution is associated with @entity65 , but its effect on telomere length is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether ambient black @entity505 (BC), a marker for traffic-related particles, is associated with telomere length in the Normative Aging Study (NAS). METHODS: Among 165 never-smoking @entity1 from the NAS, leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured repeatedly approximately every 3 years from 1999 through 2006 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). BC concentration at their residences during the year before each LTL measurement was estimated based on a spatiotemporal model calibrated with BC measurements from 82 locations within the study area. RESULTS: The median [interquartile range (IQR)] annual moving-average BC concentration was 0.32 (0.20-0.45) microg/m3. LTL, expressed as population-standardized ratio of telomere repeat to single-copy gene copy numbers, had a geometric mean (geometric SD) of 1.25 (1.42). We used linear mixed-effects models including random subject intercepts and adjusted for several potential confounders. We used inverse probability of response weighting to adjust for potential selection bias due to loss to follow-up. An IQR increase in annual BC (0.25 microg/m3) was associated with a 7.6% decrease (95% confidence interval, -12.8 to -2.1) in LTL. We found evidence of effect modification, with a stronger association among subjects > or = 75 years of age compared with younger @entity1 (p = 0.050) and statin medications appearing protective of the effects of BC on LTL (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: Telomere @entity6661 , linked to biological aging, may be associated with long-term exposures to airborne particles, particularly those rich in BC, which are primarily related to automobile traffic.

title: Annual ambient black XXXX associated with shorter telomeres in elderly @entity1 : Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomere length reflects biological age and is inversely associated with risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Ambient air pollution is associated with @entity65 , but its effect on telomere length is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether ambient black @entity505 (BC), a marker for traffic-related particles, is associated with telomere length in the Normative Aging Study (NAS). METHODS: Among 165 never-smoking @entity1 from the NAS, leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured repeatedly approximately every 3 years from 1999 through 2006 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). BC concentration at their residences during the year before each LTL measurement was estimated based on a spatiotemporal model calibrated with BC measurements from 82 locations within the study area. RESULTS: The median [interquartile range (IQR)] annual moving-average BC concentration was 0.32 (0.20-0.45) microg/m3. LTL, expressed as population-standardized ratio of telomere repeat to single-copy gene copy numbers, had a geometric mean (geometric SD) of 1.25 (1.42). We used linear mixed-effects models including random subject intercepts and adjusted for several potential confounders. We used inverse probability of response weighting to adjust for potential selection bias due to loss to follow-up. An IQR increase in annual BC (0.25 microg/m3) was associated with a 7.6% decrease (95% confidence interval, -12.8 to -2.1) in LTL. We found evidence of effect modification, with a stronger association among subjects > or = 75 years of age compared with younger @entity1 (p = 0.050) and statin medications appearing protective of the effects of BC on LTL (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: Telomere @entity6661 , linked to biological aging, may be associated with long-term exposures to airborne particles, particularly those rich in BC, which are primarily related to automobile traffic.

title: Annual ambient black @entity505 associated with shorter telomeres in elderly XXXX : Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the volumetric and geometric changes of parotids occurring during IMRT treatment for @entity189 . METHODS: The pre-treatment CBCT images of 10 @entity1 were obtained using kV-CBCT and transmitted back to TPS. The gross @entity5 volumes (GTVs) and volumes of parotids were manually drawn slice by slice on the CBCT images by the same @entity1 using image analysis software system Tomcon 3.0. For position changes, the center-of-mass (COM) were calculated using Pinnacle 8.0 software. Then the distance from the parotid to the atlas was assessed. RESULTS: The volumetric changes of GTVs and parotids were correlated with the days of treatment. The volumes of GTVs decreased with a mean total loss of 9.85 cm3 (5.10-21.40 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.20 cm3/d (0.10-0.46 cm3/d). The volumes of left parotids decreased with a median total loss of 5.70 cm3 (3.20-12.00 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.13 cm3/d (0.07-0.27 cm3/d). The volumes of right parotids decreased with a median total loss of 8.05 cm3 (3.00-13.40 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.18 cm3/d (0.06-0.29 cm3/d). The distance between the left parotid and the atlas decreased with a median total loss of 3.45 mm (0.70-7.60 mm) and a median change rate of 0.07 mm/d (0.01-0.11 mm/d). The distance between the right parotids and the atlas decreased with a median total loss of 2.60 mm (1.50-4.40 mm) and a median change rate of 0.05 mm/d (0.03-0.12 mm/d). CONCLUSION: Significant reductions of GTVs occur after the third or forth week of IMRT treatment for @entity189 , which indicates that a second plan of CT scanning or treatment replanning might be necessary after 3-4 weeks of treatment to minimize radiations to vital organs.

title: [Volumetric and geometric changes of parotids occurring during IMRT for XXXX ( @entity189 ) using daily CBCT].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the volumetric and geometric changes of parotids occurring during IMRT treatment for @entity189 . METHODS: The pre-treatment CBCT images of 10 @entity1 were obtained using kV-CBCT and transmitted back to TPS. The gross @entity5 volumes (GTVs) and volumes of parotids were manually drawn slice by slice on the CBCT images by the same @entity1 using image analysis software system Tomcon 3.0. For position changes, the center-of-mass (COM) were calculated using Pinnacle 8.0 software. Then the distance from the parotid to the atlas was assessed. RESULTS: The volumetric changes of GTVs and parotids were correlated with the days of treatment. The volumes of GTVs decreased with a mean total loss of 9.85 cm3 (5.10-21.40 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.20 cm3/d (0.10-0.46 cm3/d). The volumes of left parotids decreased with a median total loss of 5.70 cm3 (3.20-12.00 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.13 cm3/d (0.07-0.27 cm3/d). The volumes of right parotids decreased with a median total loss of 8.05 cm3 (3.00-13.40 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.18 cm3/d (0.06-0.29 cm3/d). The distance between the left parotid and the atlas decreased with a median total loss of 3.45 mm (0.70-7.60 mm) and a median change rate of 0.07 mm/d (0.01-0.11 mm/d). The distance between the right parotids and the atlas decreased with a median total loss of 2.60 mm (1.50-4.40 mm) and a median change rate of 0.05 mm/d (0.03-0.12 mm/d). CONCLUSION: Significant reductions of GTVs occur after the third or forth week of IMRT treatment for @entity189 , which indicates that a second plan of CT scanning or treatment replanning might be necessary after 3-4 weeks of treatment to minimize radiations to vital organs.

title: [Volumetric and geometric changes of parotids occurring during IMRT for @entity189 ( XXXX ) using daily CBCT].

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['NPC']


abstract: We hypothesized that flexion extension (FE) films do not facilitate the diagnosis or treatment of @entity130 of the cervical spine after blunt @entity130 . From January 2000 to December 2008 we reviewed all @entity1 who underwent FE films and compared five-view plain films (5 view) and cervical spine CTC with FE in the diagnosis of @entity130 . There were 22,929 @entity1 with blunt @entity130 and of these, 271 @entity1 underwent 303 FE films. Average age was 39.6 years, Injury Severity Score was 10.8, Glasgow @entity772 Score was 14.1, lactate was 2.6 mmol/L, and hospital length of stay was 6 days. Compared with FE, 5 view and CTC had a sensitivity of 80 per cent (8 of 10), positive predictive value of 47.1 per cent (8 of 17), specificity of 96.55 per cent (252 of 261), and negative predictive value of 99.21 per cent (252 of 254). For purposes of analysis, incomplete and ambiguous FE films were listed as negative; however, 20.5 per cent (62 of 303) were incomplete and 9.2 per cent (28 of 303) were ambiguous. Management did not change for the 2 @entity1 with missed ligament injuries. The 303 studies cost  162,105.00 to obtain. FEs are often incomplete and unreliable making it difficult to use them to base management decisions. They do not facilitate treatment and may lead to increased cost and prolonged cervical collars.

title: Do flexion extension plain films facilitate treatment after XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'ligamentous injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: A two phase prospective study was carried out at a regional Level I @entity130 center over 1 year. Phase I involved collecting observational data to determine which @entity130 criteria could potentially be used to identify @entity1 that could be evaluated by a lower level @entity130 activation (category-3). A category-3 involved a smaller response team with priority access to imaging. Phase II involved implementing this third tier activation system and prospectively evaluating the outcomes related to resources and @entity1 care. A total of 3104 @entity1 were evaluated with 2076 @entity1 in phase I and 1037 in phase II. Three commonly identified activation criteria out of the 36 studied were not associated with admission. These criteria were pedestrian struck by vehicle, high speed vehicular crash, and Glasgow @entity772 Score 12-14. These criteria were then used as triggers for a category-3 activation in phase II. Comparisons of @entity1 with these three identified criteria between phase I and II demonstrated that significantly fewer @entity1 were admitted, charges were reduced, emergency department times were similar, and less @entity1 -power hours were needed in phase II. The utilization of a third tiered activation system resulted in a decrease utilization of many resources without sacrificing @entity1 care.

title: XXXX team activation can be tailored by prehospital criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) exist and new ENMs are being developed. A challenge to nanotoxicology and environmental health and safety is evaluating @entity137 of ENMs before they become widely utilized. Cellular assays remain the predominant test platform yet these methods are limited by using discrete time endpoints and reliance on organic dyes, vulnerable to interference from ENMs. Label-free, continuous, rapid response systems with biologically meaningful endpoints are needed. We have developed a device to detect and monitor in real time responses of living cells to ENMs. The device, a living cell quartz crystal microbalance biosensor (QCMB), uses macrophages adherent to a @entity3674 crystal. The communal response of macrophages to treatments is monitored continuously as changes in @entity4532 frequency (/\f). We report the ability of this QCMB to distinguish benign from toxic exposures and reveal unique kinetic information about cellular responses to varying doses of single-walled @entity505 nanotubes (SWCNTs). RESULTS: We analyzed macrophage responses to additions of Zymosan A, @entity852 beads (PBs) (benign substances) or SWCNT (3-150  g/ml) in the QCMB over 18 hrs. In parallel, @entity137 was monitored over 24/48 hrs using conventional viability assays and histological stains to detect apoptosis. In the QCMB, a stable unchanging oscillation frequency occurred when cells alone, Zymosan A alone, PBs alone or SWCNTs without cells at the highest dose alone were used. With living cells in the QCMB, when Zymosan A, PBs or SWCNTs were added, a significant decrease in frequency occurred from 1-6 hrs. For SWCNTs, this /\f was dose-dependent. From 6-18 hrs, benign substances or low dose SWCNT (3-30  g/ml) treatments showed a reversal of the decrease of oscillation frequency, returning to or exceeding pre-treatment levels. Cell recovery was confirmed in conventional assays. The lag time to see the /\f reversal in QCMB plots was linearly SWCNT-dose dependent. Lastly, the frequency never reversed at high dose SWCNT (100-150  g/ml), and apoptosis/ @entity39 was documented in conventional 24 and 48 hr-assays. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the new QCMB detects and provides unique information about peak, sub-lethal and toxic exposures of living cells to ENMs before they are detected using conventional cell assays.

title: A living cell quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for continuous monitoring of cytotoxic responses of macrophages to single-walled XXXX nanotubes.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4532 :: ('MESH:C537431', 'Disease') :: ['crystal oscillation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity13820 ( @entity13820 ) is a neurotrophin receptor that belongs to the @entity669 kinase receptor family. This family primarily consists of proto-oncogenes, and @entity13820 has been involved in oncogenic translocations. However, its expression in @entity5 is often associated with good prognosis, suggesting it actually acts as a @entity5 suppressor. @entity13820 has recently been demonstrated to be a dependence receptor, which regulates neuronal survival. @entity734 receptors share the ability to trigger apoptosis in the absence of their ligand, a feature that has been suggested to confer a @entity5 suppressor function to these receptors. A selective advantage for a @entity5 cell to survive in an environment with limited ligand availability would hence be either to lose the expression of the dependence receptor, or to gain expression of its ligand. AREAS COVERED: The role of @entity19562 ( @entity19562 ) and its dependence receptor @entity13820 in @entity521 , and its suitability as a therapeutic target. EXPERT OPINION: Autocrine production of @entity19562 represents a selective advantage for @entity5 growth and dissemination, in a large fraction of aggressive @entity521 . Disruption of the @entity19562 autocrine loop in malignant neuroblasts, triggers @entity521 cell death, and @entity521 metastasis in animal models. Thus, a novel way of targeting the @entity669 kinase receptor, is via the reactivation of its intrinsic ability to trigger cell death.

title: Targeting @entity19562 and its dependence receptor XXXX kinase receptor C: a new antitumoral strategy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity13820 :: ('4916', 'Gene') :: ['TrkC', 'Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor C']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'inhibits neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity13820 ( @entity13820 ) is a neurotrophin receptor that belongs to the @entity669 kinase receptor family. This family primarily consists of proto-oncogenes, and @entity13820 has been involved in oncogenic translocations. However, its expression in @entity5 is often associated with good prognosis, suggesting it actually acts as a @entity5 suppressor. @entity13820 has recently been demonstrated to be a dependence receptor, which regulates neuronal survival. @entity734 receptors share the ability to trigger apoptosis in the absence of their ligand, a feature that has been suggested to confer a @entity5 suppressor function to these receptors. A selective advantage for a @entity5 cell to survive in an environment with limited ligand availability would hence be either to lose the expression of the dependence receptor, or to gain expression of its ligand. AREAS COVERED: The role of @entity19562 ( @entity19562 ) and its dependence receptor @entity13820 in @entity521 , and its suitability as a therapeutic target. EXPERT OPINION: Autocrine production of @entity19562 represents a selective advantage for @entity5 growth and dissemination, in a large fraction of aggressive @entity521 . Disruption of the @entity19562 autocrine loop in malignant neuroblasts, triggers @entity521 cell death, and @entity521 metastasis in animal models. Thus, a novel way of targeting the @entity669 kinase receptor, is via the reactivation of its intrinsic ability to trigger cell death.

title: Targeting XXXX and its dependence receptor @entity669 kinase receptor C: a new antitumoral strategy.

answer: @entity19562 :: (4908,Gene) :: ['neurotrophin-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health care workers' ( @entity283 ) @entity683 vaccination attitude is known to be negative. The @entity3082 had started in mid 2009 and made a peak in October-November in @entity233 . A national vaccination campaign began on November 2nd, 2009. Despite the diligent efforts of the Ministry of Health and NGOs, the attitudes of the media and politicians were mostly negative. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether @entity283 ' vaccination attitudes improved during the pandemic and to assess the related factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was carried out at the largest university hospital of the Aegean Region- @entity233 . A self-administered questionnaire with 12 structured questions was applied to 807 @entity283 (sample coverage 91.3%) before the onset of the vaccination programme. Their final vaccination status was tracked one week afterwards, using immunization records. Factors influencing vaccination rates were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 807 @entity1 , 363 (45.3%) were doctors and 293 (36.6%) nurses. A total of 153 (19.0%) had been vaccinated against seasonal @entity683 in the 2008-2009 season. Regarding H1N1 vaccination, 143 (17.7%) were willing to be vaccinated vs. 357 (44.2%) unwilling. The number of indecisive @entity283 was 307 (38.0%) one week prior to vaccination. Only 53 (11.1%) stated that they would vaccinate their @entity1 . Possible side effects (78%, n = 519) and lack of comprehensive field evaluation before marketing (77%, n = 508) were the most common reasons underlying unwillingness or hesitation.Among the 749 staff whose vaccination status could be tracked, 228 (30.4%) actually received the H1N1 vaccine. Some of the 'decided' staff members had changed their mind one week later. Only 82 (60%) of those willing, 108 (37%) of those indecisive and 38 (12%) of those unwilling were vaccinated.Indecisive @entity283 were significantly younger (p = 0.017). Females, nurses, and @entity283 working in surgical departments were more likely to reject vaccination (p < 0.05). Doctors, @entity283 working in medical departments, and @entity283 previously vaccinated against seasonal @entity683 were more likely to accept vaccination (p < 0.05). Being younger than 50 and having been vaccinated in the previous season were important predictors of attitude towards pandemic @entity683 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination rates increased substantially in comparison to the previous @entity683 season. However, vaccination rates could have been even higher since hesitation to be vaccinated increased dramatically within one week (only 60% of those willing and the minority of those indecisive were finally vaccinated). We speculate that this may be connected with negative media at the time.

title: Did the pandemic have an impact on XXXX vaccination attitude? A survey among health care workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: We wanted to compare the dosimetric difference and treatment efficiency of RapidArc and fixed gantry intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment (IMRT) for multiple liver @entity3 . Computed tomography datasets of 10 @entity1 were studied retrospectively. IMRT plans were generated using 5 fields and RapidArc using either 1 or 2 arcs. The dose distribution of planning target volume ( @entity343 ), organs at risk (OARs), and the normal tissue were compared. Monitor units and treatment time were scored to measure expected treatment efficiency. Both RapidArc and IMRT plans resulted in equivalent target coverage. There was no statistically significant difference for the maximum and the minimum dose of @entity343 . RapidArc plans achieved an improved conformity index compared with IMRT (RA1 = 1.68    0.27, RA2 = 1.61    0.25, IMRT = 1.80    0.37). For OARs, all techniques respected planning objectives. RapidArc plans had a lower dose in V(40) of small bowel than IMRT, but were higher in mean dose of kidneys. Concerning the V(5), V(10), and V(15) of healthy tissue, RapidArc plans were higher than IMRT. However, the V(20), V(25), and V(30) of healthy tissue in RapidArc plans were lower than IMRT. Monitor units per fraction of RapidArc plans were about 40% or 46% of IMRT. Compared with IMRT plans, treatment time of RapidArc plans were reduced by 60% or 70%. All techniques respected planning objectives. RapidArc showed statistical improvements in conformity index and healthy tissue sparing with uncompromised target coverage. This, in combination with fewer monitor units and short delivery time, can lead to clinically significant advances for the treatment of multiple liver @entity3 .

title: Dosimetric comparison of RapidArc with fixed gantry intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment for multiple liver XXXX radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The presence of @entity28 , defined as weight 20 per cent or more above ideal body weight or increased body fat content, significantly increases risk of @entity65 , metabolic, and @entity344 . @entity28 is a major cause of shortened life expectancy. While @entity28 is not essential for the development of the @entity27 , a significant percentage of @entity1 with @entity27 are @entity28 . When evaluating these @entity1 who @entity27 , it is important to search diligently for medical problems that are commonly found among the @entity28 . While there is an increased incidence of @entity28 @entity1 among those who @entity27 , the exact reason for this is uncertain. The study of endorphins and enkephalins may expand our understanding of @entity28 , ventilatory regulation, and @entity27 . This may, in fact, enable us to understand better the interrelationship between @entity27 . The role that thyroid hormone, @entity251 , and @entity1420 play in @entity27 has also been reviewed. @entity1 who @entity27 should not be treated with @entity251 . All @entity1 given @entity251 should be observed quite closely for the possible signs and @entity27 . @entity1420 seems to be of some help in @entity1 who have @entity22871 . Its effectiveness in @entity1 with @entity27 is less clear. The @entity22871 as described by Burwell is relatively uncommon. Many of the manifestations of the @entity22871 , however, are found in @entity1 with @entity27 . The recognition that the symptoms stem from underlying @entity27 offers great potential for therapy. @entity353 is valuable therapy for @entity1 with @entity28 and @entity358 , @entity27 , and @entity22871 . @entity353 and weight maintenance, while difficult, are essential in @entity1 with @entity28 , @entity27 , and the @entity3316 . @entity28 should be viewed as a medical problem deserving medical attention and long-term medical follow-up.

title: XXXX and hormonal factors in sleep and sleep apnea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'obesity and obstructive sleep apnea', 'have obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal problems']

entities_list: @entity22871 :: ('MESH:D010845', 'Disease') :: ['obesity hypoventilation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary, cardiovascular']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), refractory @entity1455 and in-lab @entity1167 are all associated with significant mortality. Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (pLVAD) and @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) have been used to support such @entity1 . However, the extent to which the use of these devices can improve outcomes in this @entity1 subset is not known. METHODS: We evaluated clinical features, efficacy and safety outcomes in a retrospective cohort of 39 @entity1 , treated either with pLVAD or @entity1167 for support of high-risk PCI, @entity1455 or in-lab @entity1167 . The Tandem-Heart and a new versatile Multifunctional Percutaneous Heart ( @entity7541 ) system, with both @entity1167 and LVAD capability, were used and assessed. RESULTS: 19 @entity1 received the TandemHeart and 20 received the @entity7541 system. The @entity7541 system was used as a pLVAD in 12 and to provide @entity1167 in 8 @entity1 . Procedural efficacy was 100%. Emergent institution of @entity1167 , in the setting of @entity1167 , was able to support 7 out of 8 @entity1 and resulted in a 50% survival to hospital discharge rate. Overall, in-hospital death and 30-day major adverse cardiac event rates were 28.2% and 35.9%, respectively. The risk of @entity455 and @entity548 was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS: pLVADs are effective in supporting @entity1 during high-risk cardiac (coronary and structural heart) interventions, with a low risk of device-related complications. Further, the expeditious use of @entity1167 in the catheterization laboratory can improve survival in a selected subset of @entity1 with refractory @entity1455 and @entity1167 .

title: Efficacy and safety of percutaneous life support during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention, refractory XXXX and in-laboratory cardiopulmonary arrest.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['CPS', 'cardiac arrest', 'cardiopulmonary support']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to emphasize the importance of a subclassification in the @entity2802 staging system of @entity5 . BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of the mesorectal extension of @entity5 is unclear. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data from 463 consecutive @entity1 with stage IIa disease (T3N0) undergoing curative surgery at 28 institutes were analyzed. The measurement of the distance of the mesorectal extension (DME) was histologically evaluated. Risk factors for recurrence, for the optimal cutoff point of the DME, independent prognostic factors, and for survivals were studied using receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic and Cox regression analyses. Survivals were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A value of 4 mm was determined as the optimal cutoff point. The @entity1 were subdivided into 2 groups: DME  <= 4 mm and DME > 4 mm at the optimal cutoff point. DME > 4 mm had the greatest impact on recurrence-free survival [P = 0.00023, hazard ratio (HR): 2.26, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.465-3.492, L/U ratio: 0.420] and was an independent adverse prognostic factor (P = 0.00323, HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.254-3.091). The distant metastasis rate in DME > 4 mm was higher 16.7% than that in DME  <= 4 mm (P = 0.00177, OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.430-4.761). The incidence of local recurrence was not influenced by DME. The recurrence-free 5-year survival rate in DME  <= 4 mm was significantly better than that in DME > 4 mm (86.6% vs 71.3%, P = 0.00015, HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.286-0.683). The @entity5 -specific survival rate in DME  <= 4 mm was also significantly better than that in DME > 4 mm (91.3% vs 82.2%, P = 0.000664, HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.325-0.843). CONCLUSIONS: A subclassification according to mesorectal extension based on a 4-mm cutoff point is needed for the @entity2802 staging system. However, further prospective study is necessary to prove reproducibility and validity of the cutoff point.

title: Clinical significance of the mesorectal extension of XXXX : a Japanese multi-institutional study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few motor therapies increase active movement in the severely impaired arm of individuals with @entity64 . Existing robotic devices to address this need are large and expensive. This case study describes the application and reports outcomes associated with a repetitive task-specific training (RTP) program incorporating a portable robotic device. We assessed outcomes related to affected arm impairment, ability to perform valued activities, satisfaction with movement performance, and quality of life in a @entity1 with @entity64 exhibiting severe arm @entity1269 . CASE DESCRIPTION: The @entity1 was a 53-year-old @entity1 , 30 months after @entity64 . At the time of enrollment, he exhibited some active shoulder and elbow flexion, but no active elbow extension, and no active movement at any joint below the elbow. INTERVENTION: The @entity1 engaged in RTP incorporating a portable, electromyography-triggered neurorobotic device in 1-hour sessions, 3 days/week for 8 weeks using the affected arm. OUTCOMES: The upper extremity section of the Fugl-Meyer Impairment scale (FM), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and the @entity64 Impact Scale (SIS) were administered before and after training. After intervention, the subject exhibited reduced affected arm impairment (+2 points on the FM), increased ability to perform valued activities, increased satisfaction with performance of these activities (indicated by score increases of +2 and +1.8 points on the COPM Performance and Satisfaction scales, respectively), improved strength, performance of activities of daily living, hand function, participation, and physical function (as indicated by increases in respective SIS scores). DISCUSSION: The RTP incorporating the neurorobotic device appears promising. To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting a portable robotic-based RTP strategy in a @entity1 exhibiting this severity of @entity1269 .

title: Portable neurorobotics for the severely affected arm in XXXX : a case study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'person', 'man']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke', 'Stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: Subclinical @entity65 ( @entity65 ) may be associated with both adipose and skeletal muscle tissues in the abdomen. Accordingly, we examined whether subcutaneous, intermuscular, and visceral adipose tissue, as well as abdominal lean muscle, were associated with the presence and extent of @entity729 in multiple vascular beds. Three hundred and ninety four @entity1 (58.1% @entity1 ) underwent electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) scans as part of routine health maintenance screening. The coronary and carotid @entity460 scores were analyzed at the time of the scan, whereas the other @entity460 scores, as well as the body composition analyses, were analyzed retrospectively. Mean age was 55.2    11.1 years and BMI was 26.9    4.2. The prevalence of any @entity730 in the carotids, coronaries, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and iliacs was 30.1, 60.1, 39.8, 55.7, and 56.8%, respectively. Compared to those with @entity730 in different vascular beds, those without @entity729 generally had significantly more lean muscle and less adipose tissue. In separate multivariable logistic models, a 1 s.d. increment in the ratio of abdominal and visceral fat to total area of each corresponding compartments was significantly associated with an increased odds for the presence of thoracic aortic @entity460 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 1.5, respectively; P = 0.01 for both). Conversely, increases in abdominal lean muscle were associated with significantly decreased odds of @entity7874 (OR = 0.34; P  <= 0.01). A similar pattern of associations existed among the other vascular beds. Also, the association between lean muscle and @entity729 was independent of visceral adipose tissue. In conclusion, adipose tissue was positively and lean body mass inversely associated with prevalent @entity730 .

title: The association between abdominal body composition and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['aortic calcification', 'calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['vascular calcification']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disorders that affect the testes can range from painless and benign to debilitating and life threatening. Despite the availability of literature on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of benign @entity74 (BTD), very little is known about @entity1 's awareness of these conditions. The aim of this review was to extract and analyze evidence from studies that explored males' awareness of BTD. Four e-databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and PubMed) were thoroughly searched and four articles met the review inclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was appraised and data were extracted and cross-checked using a standardized data extraction table. It was determined that @entity1 lacked education about testicular self-examination and scrotal signs and symptoms which contributed to their lack of awareness of BTD. Help seeking in the event of @entity854 was suboptimal which is alarming given the acuteness of some BTD such as @entity4115 . Individuals who are at risk for health disparities were underrepresented in the reviewed literature. Findings from this review highlight the need to address barriers to BTD knowledge and help seeking. This could be achieved through making use of past interventions that succeeded in increasing @entity1 's awareness of @entity5 such as university campaigns and mass media. From a practical standpoint, clinicians must be encouraged to educate young @entity1 about BTD. This could be attained through tailoring creative educational interventions that are sensitive to the needs of individuals who are at risk for health disparities.

title: Males' Awareness of XXXX : An Integrative Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['testicular torsion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['testicular disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Benign Testicular Disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6810 ( @entity6810 ) is an important cause of acute @entity1018 in adults, and there is no effective treatment. We studied early changes following experimental @entity6810 and tested the benefit of a potential treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We induced experimental @entity6810 in adult @entity19 and tested the effects of short-term (daily for 3 days) and long-term (every other day for 3 weeks) aB-crystallin (aBC) treatment using histological and serial intracranial flash visual evoked potential recordings. RESULTS: One day after experimental @entity6810 , there was swelling at the optic nerve (ON) head and increased expression of aBC, a small @entity1457 protein important in @entity63 and @entity32 . This upregulation coincided with microglial and astrocytic activation. Our hypothesis was that aBC may be part of the endogenous protective mechanism against injury, thus we tested the effects of aBC on experimental @entity6810 . Daily intraveneous or intravitreal aBC injections did not improve visual evoked potential amplitude or latency at days 1-2. However, aBC treatment decreased swelling and dampened the microglial and astrocytic activation on day 3. Longer treatment with intravenous aBC led to acceleration of visual evoked potential latency over 3 weeks, without improving amplitude. This latency acceleration did not correlate with @entity989 cell survival but did correlate with complete rescue of the ON oligodendrocytes, which are important for myelination. CONCLUSIONS: We identified aBC as an early marker following experimental @entity6810 . Treatment with aBC enhanced this endogenous, post- @entity63 response by decreasing microglial activation and promoting ON oligodendrocyte survival.

title: Functional rescue of experimental XXXX optic neuropathy with aB-crystallin.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['AION', 'Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['increased retinal ganglion']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) by pharmaceutical or surgical means has long been the standard treatment for @entity726 . A number of excellent drugs are available that are effective in reducing IOP. These drugs are typically applied as eye drops. However, @entity1 adherence can be poor, thus reducing the clinical efficacy of the drugs. Several novel delivery systems designed to address the issue of adherence and to ensure consistent reduction of IOP are currently under development. These delivery systems include contact lenses-releasing @entity726 medications, injectables such as biodegradable micro- and nanoparticles, and surgically implanted systems. These new technologies are aimed at increasing clinical efficacy by offering multiple delivery options and are capable of managing IOP for several months. There is also a desire to have complementary neuroprotective approaches for those who continue to show progression, despite IOP reduction. Many potential neuroprotective agents are not suitable for traditional oral or drop formulations. Their potential is dependent on developing suitable delivery systems that can provide the drugs in a sustained, local manner to the retina and optic nerve. Drug delivery systems have the potential to improve @entity1 adherence, reduce side effects, increase efficacy, and ultimately, preserve sight for @entity726 @entity1 . In this review, we discuss benefits and limitations of the current systems of delivery and application, as well as those on the horizon.

title: Novel drug delivery systems for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is a rare malignancy of the skin. though many @entity1 with @entity189 die of disseminated @entity3 , little is known regarding the value of systemic chemotherapy for this disease. We reviewed the records of 20 @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 who were treated with chemotherapy at Memorial Hospital between 1968 and 1983. A large variety of drugs were given. Although only a few @entity1 were treated with any given regimen, metastatic @entity189 appears to be poorly responsive to a wide variety of chemotherapeutic regimens. Five major responses were observed in 30 chemotherapy trials performed in 17 @entity1 with measurable/evaluable disease. No @entity1 responded to single agent therapy alone. In this small group of @entity1 , @entity189 appears to be a relatively chemotherapy resistant @entity5 . Larger, group-wide or inter-group trials are needed to prospectively evaluate the use of chemotherapy in this disease. @entity632 and @entity786 , the two drugs used most commonly in those combinations where responses were seen, appear to be reasonable choices for initial treatment of @entity1 with @entity3 . Our review does not provide data to support the empiric use of chemotherapy in an adjuvant setting.

title: Chemotherapy of metastatic XXXX . A retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Sweat gland carcinoma', 'SGC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['sweat gland carcinoma']


abstract: In order to evaluate the influence of serum insulin levels on serum lipoprotein composition, 62 randomly selected healthy males were studied. All of them had a normal @entity413 tolerance. The Insulin Response to a bolus of intravenous @entity413 (0.50 g/kg) was significantly correlated with VLDL- @entity412 (p less than 0.01), @entity72799 (p less than 0.01) and with the "Atherogenic Index" (Formula: see text) (p less than 0.01). Moreover, stratifing the all population in quartiles according to the Insulin Response distribution, the highest quartile had a significant increase in Total and VLDL- @entity165 levels (p less than 0.02), as well as in Total (p less than 0.02), VLDL (p less than 0.02) and LDL (p less than 0.01) @entity412 , in comparison with the lowest quartile. The Atherogenic Index was also significantly elevated in the high Insulin Response group (p less than 0.005). The influence of serum insulin on lipoprotein metabolism was also evaluated by a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Body weight, Insulin Response and Exogenous @entity412 removal were independently correlated with VLDL- @entity412 concentration (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001). VLDL @entity165 concentration and fasting serum insulin levels were inversely correlated with HDL- @entity165 (r = 0.49, p less than 0.001). In conclusion, in absence of any metabolic derangement, high insulin levels are associated with @entity156 . Insulin might act as a risk factor for @entity455 through its influence on serum lipoproteins.

title: Relationship between insulin response to intravenous XXXX and plasma lipoproteins in healthy men.

entities_list: @entity72799 :: ('MESH:D015243', 'Chemical') :: ['VLDL-Cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lipoprotein abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The action of a @entity4044 extract (r  kan, Tanakan, G.B.E.) in promoting blood flow has been demonstrated in several animal and @entity1 pharmacological studies. The aim of this present study was to estimate the action of the substance on the central nervous system in order to be able to assess its potential use as a therapeutic agent in geriatric @entity1 with @entity1887 . Quantitative pharmaco-EEG is the method of choice for studying the vigilance-promoting effects of a drug. It is incomparable for confirming the findings of behavioural and psychometric studies. 60 volunteers of either sex participated in the double-blind trial. They were aged 57-77 years and showed @entity1032 corresponding to their age. They were randomly divided into three experimental groups: 20 subjects received 3 X 40 mg/day G.B.E., 20 received 5 mg @entity6915 and 20 received a placebo of similar appearance. The subjects underwent an extensive series of examinations before and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the start of medication. Analysis of the EEG results for the whole group revealed no significant advantage of G.B.E. over the two reference substances with regard to vigilance. However, a subclassification of the subjects showed that the vigilance of those @entity1 with a more unfavourable initial situation measured in the resting EEG could be clearly improved by chronic G.B.E. medication. This increase in vigilance was reflected at the behavioural level by an improvement of reaction times in the G.B.E. group by comparison with the reference substances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Study of the long-term action of a XXXX extract on vigilance and mental performance as determined by means of quantitative pharmaco-EEG and psychometric measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6915 :: ('MESH:D009530', 'Chemical') :: ['nicergoline']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo biloba']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Motor coordination problems are frequent in @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). We performed a genome-wide association study to identify genes contributing to motor coordination problems, hypothesizing that the presence of such problems in @entity1 with @entity71 may identify a sample of reduced genetic heterogeneity. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity71 from the International Multicentre @entity71 Genetic (IMAGE) study were evaluated with the Parental Account of @entity1 's Symptoms. Genetic association testing was performed in PLINK on 890 probands with genome-wide genotyping data. Bioinformatics enrichment-analysis was performed on highly ranked findings. Further characterization of the findings was conducted in 313 Dutch IMAGE @entity1 using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). RESULTS: Although none of the findings reached genome-wide significance, bioinformatics analysis of the top-ranked findings revealed enrichment of genes for @entity1897 and @entity746 . Genes involved in neurite outgrowth and muscle function were also enriched. Among the highest ranked genes were @entity72800 , involved in @entity4531 , and @entity72801 , causing motor coordination problems in @entity19 . Further characterization of these findings using DCD-Q subscales found nominal association for 15 SNPs. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide clues about the aetiology of motor coordination problems, but replication studies in independent samples are necessary.

title: Genome-wide association study of motor coordination problems in XXXX identifies genes for brain and muscle function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency @entity547 surgery, in contrast to elective @entity547 surgery, is associated with appreciable mortality. @entity547 is the second most common cause of @entity1744 after adhesions, and the leading cause of bowel strangulation. METHODS: Information on @entity1 who died within 30  days of groin @entity547 surgery was retrieved from the Swedish @entity547 Register, from the Cause-of-Death Register, and from hospital notes. RESULTS: Of 103,710 groin @entity547 operations between 1992 and 2004, 292 @entity1 died within 30  days of surgery. Hospital notes and cause of @entity204 were retrieved for 242 cases (82%). In 5 of these @entity1 , the @entity547 operation was done in addition to more urgent surgery and therefore excluded from further analyses; 152 @entity1 were admitted as emergency cases and 55 of these @entity1 underwent bowel resection. A total of 107 @entity1 had signs of @entity1744 when admitted. For 37% of these @entity1 , physical examination of the groin was not documented. @entity1 with @entity1744 without a note on a palpable groin lump were more likely to undergo imaging investigation preoperatively (P  <  0.001) and they had an increased time to surgery compared to @entity1 with a palpable lump. @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity18659 were significantly less likely to undergo a groin examination compared to other @entity1 . Local anaesthesia was used in 7% of all @entity1 who died postoperatively, and in 3% of emergency cases. @entity358 , @entity295 and @entity5 were more common as causes of @entity204 after emergency surgery than after elective surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Groin examination of @entity1 presenting with @entity1744 is of utmost importance in order to minimise delay to @entity547 surgery.

title: Mortality after groin @entity547 surgery: delay of treatment and cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['femoral hernia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia', 'hernia', 'Incarcerated hernia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency @entity547 surgery, in contrast to elective @entity547 surgery, is associated with appreciable mortality. @entity547 is the second most common cause of @entity1744 after adhesions, and the leading cause of bowel strangulation. METHODS: Information on @entity1 who died within 30  days of groin @entity547 surgery was retrieved from the Swedish @entity547 Register, from the Cause-of-Death Register, and from hospital notes. RESULTS: Of 103,710 groin @entity547 operations between 1992 and 2004, 292 @entity1 died within 30  days of surgery. Hospital notes and cause of @entity204 were retrieved for 242 cases (82%). In 5 of these @entity1 , the @entity547 operation was done in addition to more urgent surgery and therefore excluded from further analyses; 152 @entity1 were admitted as emergency cases and 55 of these @entity1 underwent bowel resection. A total of 107 @entity1 had signs of @entity1744 when admitted. For 37% of these @entity1 , physical examination of the groin was not documented. @entity1 with @entity1744 without a note on a palpable groin lump were more likely to undergo imaging investigation preoperatively (P  <  0.001) and they had an increased time to surgery compared to @entity1 with a palpable lump. @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity18659 were significantly less likely to undergo a groin examination compared to other @entity1 . Local anaesthesia was used in 7% of all @entity1 who died postoperatively, and in 3% of emergency cases. @entity358 , @entity295 and @entity5 were more common as causes of @entity204 after emergency surgery than after elective surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Groin examination of @entity1 presenting with @entity1744 is of utmost importance in order to minimise delay to @entity547 surgery.

title: Mortality after groin XXXX surgery: delay of treatment and cause of @entity204 .

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquisition of @entity818 or @entity14051 mutation (IDHmut) is among the earliest genetic events that take place in the development of most @entity11 ( @entity11 ). IDHmut has been associated with longer overall @entity1 survival. However, its impact on @entity5 to be defined. A collection of 210 archived adult @entity11 previously stratified by IDHmut, @entity8724 methylation (MGMTmet), 1p/19q combined loss of heterozygosity (1p19qloh) and @entity876 immunopositivity (TP53pos) status was analyzed. We used multistate models to assess MT-free survival, considering one initial, one transient (MT), and one absorbing state ( @entity204 ). Missing explanatory variables were multiply imputed. Overall, although associated with a lower risk of @entity204 (HRDEATH  =  0.35, P  =  0.0023), IDHmut had a non-significantly higher risk of MT (HRMT  =  1.84; P  =  0.1683) compared to @entity818 wild type (IDHwt). The double combination of IDHmut and MGMTmet and the triple combination of IDHmut, MGMTmet and 1p/19qloh, despite significantly lower hazards for @entity204 (HRDEATH versus IDHwt: 0.35, P  =  0.0194 and 0.15, P  =  0.0008, respectively), had non-significantly different hazards for MT. Conversely, the triple combination of IDHmut/MGMTmet/ @entity876 pos, with a non-significantly different hazard for @entity204 , had a significantly higher hazard for MT than IDHwt (HRMT versus IDHwt: 2.83; P  =  0.0452). Although IDHmut status is associated with longer overall @entity1 survival, all IDHmut/MGMTmet subsets consistently showed higher risks of MT than of @entity204 , compared to IDHwt @entity11 . This supports the findings that molecular events relevant to @entity818 mutations impact early @entity11 development prior to malignant transformation.

title: XXXX mutation is associated with higher risk of malignant transformation in @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation (MT) remains']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'low-grade glioma', 'LGG']

answer: @entity818 :: (3417,Gene) :: ['IDH']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquisition of @entity818 or @entity14051 mutation (IDHmut) is among the earliest genetic events that take place in the development of most @entity11 ( @entity11 ). IDHmut has been associated with longer overall @entity1 survival. However, its impact on @entity5 to be defined. A collection of 210 archived adult @entity11 previously stratified by IDHmut, @entity8724 methylation (MGMTmet), 1p/19q combined loss of heterozygosity (1p19qloh) and @entity876 immunopositivity (TP53pos) status was analyzed. We used multistate models to assess MT-free survival, considering one initial, one transient (MT), and one absorbing state ( @entity204 ). Missing explanatory variables were multiply imputed. Overall, although associated with a lower risk of @entity204 (HRDEATH  =  0.35, P  =  0.0023), IDHmut had a non-significantly higher risk of MT (HRMT  =  1.84; P  =  0.1683) compared to @entity818 wild type (IDHwt). The double combination of IDHmut and MGMTmet and the triple combination of IDHmut, MGMTmet and 1p/19qloh, despite significantly lower hazards for @entity204 (HRDEATH versus IDHwt: 0.35, P  =  0.0194 and 0.15, P  =  0.0008, respectively), had non-significantly different hazards for MT. Conversely, the triple combination of IDHmut/MGMTmet/ @entity876 pos, with a non-significantly different hazard for @entity204 , had a significantly higher hazard for MT than IDHwt (HRMT versus IDHwt: 2.83; P  =  0.0452). Although IDHmut status is associated with longer overall @entity1 survival, all IDHmut/MGMTmet subsets consistently showed higher risks of MT than of @entity204 , compared to IDHwt @entity11 . This supports the findings that molecular events relevant to @entity818 mutations impact early @entity11 development prior to malignant transformation.

title: @entity818 mutation is associated with higher risk of malignant transformation in XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['low-grade glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of @entity245 on embryonic development in @entity19 , because intrafollicular oocyte development may be delayed during assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in @entity1 . DESIGN: Experimental @entity19 study. SETTING: University hospital. ANIMAL(S): Female C57Bl/6 @entity19 . INTERVENTION(S): @entity31806 is used as a GnRH-antagonist in ART treatments. To assess the effect of @entity245 on embryonic development, @entity31806 was applied concomitantly with follicle stimulation by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Ovulation was induced by hCG. Controls were stimulated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin without delaying ovulation. @entity1155 was assessed from the number of tertiary follicles, ruptured follicles, and corpora lutea in @entity19 ovaries after @entity31806 treatment. Number and weight of embryos and placentas, as well as number of resorption sites and dead embryos, was determined on day 17.5 of pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Inhibition of ovulation, embryonic development. RESULT(S): @entity31806 inhibited ovulation in @entity19 , as shown by an increase in number of tertiary follicles concomitant with a significant inhibition of follicle rupture and corpora lutea formation. @entity245 caused by @entity31806 treatment led to a significant increase in resorption sites and a significant decrease in embryonic weight of offspring. CONCLUSION(S): Preovulatory oocyte overripeness might have an effect on fertility and embryonic development during ART treatment.

title: Hormone-induced XXXX affects early embryonic development.

entities_list: @entity31806 :: ('MESH:C062876', 'Chemical') :: ['Cetrorelix', 'cetrorelix']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed ovulation', 'Delayed ovulation']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['Suppression of ovulation']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['delayed ovulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Seasonal @entity683 has become a serious public health problem worldwide and vaccination is recognized as the most effective preventative measure. Healthcare workers can be the vectors of @entity683 outbreaks. Data suggest that nurses' vaccination remains suboptimal worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship among nurses' knowledge, risk perception and their vaccination behaviours and the reasons for vaccination uptake. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. SETTING: @entity1 were recruited from the nurses enrolled on continuing professional education courses at a large university in London. @entity1 : A sample of 522 nurses returned completed questionnaires (response rate 77.7%). Most of the respondents were @entity1 , worked in hospitals and had direct @entity1 contact. The mean years qualified as a nurse were 11.9    8.75 years. METHODS: The survey instrument examined nurses' knowledge about @entity683 and vaccination, risk perception towards @entity683 and pandemics, vaccination behaviours and reasons for vaccination acceptance or refusal. The survey also collected data regarding gender, age, highest educational qualification, work place, clinical specialty, qualified years as a nurse, and whether they had direct @entity1 contact. RESULTS: The @entity683 vaccination rate among the respondents was 36% with about 41% never vaccinated. Nurses with a high knowledge level were more likely to get vaccinated compared to those with a low knowledge level (p<0.001). Vaccination rates between the high risk perception and low risk perception groups were different (p=0.019). Sentinel knowledge items were associated with nurses' vaccination status. Several risk perception items including personal vulnerability to @entity683 or H1N1, mortality risk of H1N1, and the likelihood of transmitting @entity683 to @entity1 were also predictors of vaccination uptake. Vaccinated nurses were more likely to recommend vaccination to their @entity1 (p<0.001). The most frequent reason for vaccination refusal was concern about the side-effects of the vaccination while self-protection was the most frequent reason for vaccination uptake. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed a relationship between knowledge, risk perception and vaccination behaviours among nurses. The identified sentinel items of knowledge and risk perception could inform future vaccination campaigns. The clinical specialty of nurses and the importance of accessibility to vaccination as predictors of vaccine uptake require further exploration.

title: Nurses' knowledge and risk perception towards seasonal XXXX and vaccination and their vaccination behaviours: a cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']